6.

VECTOR INTEGRATION

Let R(u)  R1 (u)iˆ  R2 (u) ˆj  R3 (u)kˆ be a vector depending on a single scalar

variable u where R1 (u), R2 (u), R3 (u) are supposed to be continuous in a

specified interval, then,

 R(u)du  iˆ R (u)du  ˆj  R (u)du  kˆ  R (u)du

1 2 3

Is called an indefinite interval of R (u ) . If there exist a vector S (u ) such

d
that S (u ) then
du

d
 R(u )du  du S (u )  S (u )  c(u )

Where c(u ) is an arbitrary constant vector independent of u the definite

integral between limits u  a and u  b .

This integral can also definite as a limit of such in a manner analogous to

that of elementary integral calculus

Notes By JD Madasi
Example 01

The acceleration of a particle at any time t  0 is given by

a  12 cos 2ti  8sin 2tj  16tk . If the velocity v and displacement r are zero

at t  0 , find v and r at any time

Solution:

From the value of acceleration we have, it is easier to get velocity by

taking

dv
a  v   12 cos 2ti  8sin 2tj  16tk  dt from which we
dt

get 6sin 2tiˆ  4 cos 2tjˆ  8t 2 kˆ  c(t ) where c(t ) is an arbitrary vector

constant.

Putting v  0 when t  0 we find c  4 j , then

v  6sin 2tiˆ  4 cos 2tjˆ  8t 2 kˆ  4 j  v  6sin 2tiˆ  4cos 2t  4 ˆj  8t 2 kˆ

 

Integrating velocity we get

Notes By JD Madasi
 vdt    6sin 2tiˆ  4 cos 2tjˆ  8t kˆ  4 j dt  3cos 2tiˆ  (2sin 2t  4t ) ˆj  3 t kˆ  c (t )
2 8 3
1

From which the value is displacement r with arbitrary constant

c1 (t )

Putting r  0 when t  0 implies that c1  3iˆ

We thus get displacement r by having

8
r   3  3cos 2t  iˆ   2sin 2t  4t  j  t 3k
3

Example 02

Compute

for .

Solution

All we need to do is integrate each of the components and be done with it.

Notes By JD Madasi
Exercise 6

2 ˆ 3ˆ ˆ
1. If R(u )  (u  u )i  2u j  3k find

(a)  R(u )du

5
(b) 
2
R(u )du

d2A
2. If A is a given vector, evaluate  A  2 dt
dt

3. A moving particle starts at an initial position r (0)  1,0,0 with

initial velocity V (0)  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and its acceleration is a (t )  4tiˆ  6tjˆ  kˆ .

Find its velocity and position at time t

4. The acceleration of a particle at any time t is given by

2
𝑎⃗ = 𝑒 −10𝑡 𝑖 + 5𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡𝑗 + 5𝑡𝑘 Find
5

⃗⃗
⃗⃗ particle at any time t
(a) The velocity of 𝑉

Notes By JD Madasi
(b) Displacement of 𝑆⃗ particle at t=0

Notes By JD Madasi