SURGICAL TERMINOLOGIES COMMON OPERATIVE TERMS

PREFIX MEANING TERM MEANING

a Without, absence Abscess Localized collection of pus
ecto External, outside Adhesion Abnormal sticking together of separate surfaces
infra Below Adipose Pertaining to fat
inter Between Amputation Removal of a limb or appendage of the body
intra Within Anastomosis Connection between two tabular organs
pan All Anoplasty Plastic repair of anus
peri Around, near Appendectomy Removal of vermiform appendix
Biopsy Examination of tissue removed from a living body
poly Many
Cataract Opacity of the lens of the eye
pseudo False Circumcision Excision of the foreskin of the penis
retro Behind, posterior Culdoocomy Direct examination or viewing of the uterus adhexa through aninstrument passed
supra to through the wall of the vagina
adeno above Dehiscence Separation of the edges of previous wound
arthro gland Dilatation and Widening of the ostium uteri permit scraping of the walls of the uterus
auto joint curettage
phlepa self Dissect Separation of tissue along the plane
cardio eyelid Enucleation Removal of an organ from a supporting structure
cepalo heart Evisceration Removal of the internal contents of abody
Excision Removal by cutting
cerebro head
Fissure Narrow slit or cleft
cheilo brain Fistula Abnormal tubelike communication between body cavities or organs
chole up Hemorrhoidectomy Removal of the hemorrhoids
choledocho gallbladder Hernioplasty Surgical repair of a hernia
condo bile gall Incision and drainage Cutting and withdrawal of discharges
colpo common bile Isthmectomy Excision or removal of an isthmus
costro duct Intestinal resection Excision of a considerable portion of the bowel
lapar cartillage Laceration Wound produced by tearing of tissue
nephro rib Laminectomy Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebrae
occulo abdomen Mammoplasty Plastic surgery of the breast
Marsupialization Suturing of cyst walls to edges of the wound following evacuation to permit the
oophoro kidney
packed cavity to close by granulation
orchi eye Mastoidectomy Excision of mastoid cells
osteo ovary Purulent Containing a pus
oto testis Rectocele Protrusion of the rectum into the vagina
phlebo bone Resection Surgical removal of a considerable portion of an organ
pyelo ear Shunt To divert, as arterial blood vein, or cerebrospinal fluid to peritoneal cavity
salphingo vein
renal pelvis
fallopian tube
2BSN1
COMMON SURGICAL PROCEDURES
PROCEDURE BASIC DEFINITION
A. Abdominal Surgery
1. Abdominal Laparotomy
2. Abdominal Herniorrhaphy
Types:
Inguinal
Umbilical
Epigastric
Incisional
3. Cholecystectomy
4. Cholecystotomy

5. Choledochotomy
6. Pancreaticuloduodenectomy
7. Pancreatectomy
8. Splenectomy
B. Gastrointestinal Surgery
1. Vagotomy
2.Pyloroplasty
3. Gastrostomy
4. Gastrectomy
Types:
Subtotal
Total
5. Cutaneous Ileostomy
6. Appendectomy

7. Hemicolectomy
8. Transverse Colectomy
9. Hemorrhoidectomy
C. Neck Surgery
1. Thyroidectomy

2. Parathyroidectomy
3. Thyroglossal Duct
Cystectomy
D. Breast Surgery
1. Breast Biopsy
2. Mastectomy

Types:
Partial
 Subcutaneous
Simple
Modified Radical
E. Gynecologic and Obstetric
Surgery
1. Conization of the Uterine
Cervix
2. Marsupialization of
Bartholin’s Duct Cyst
3. Hysterectomy
4. Anterio/posterior colporrhaphy
5. Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
6. Salphingo-oophorectomy
7. Tuboplasty of the fallopian
tubes
8. Cesarean Section
F. Genitourinary Surgery
1. Circumcision
2. Hydrocelectomy
3. Vasectomy
4. Vasovasostomy
5. Spermatocelectomy
6. Orchiectomy
7. Cystectomy
8. Transurethral Resection of
the Prostate (TURP)
and/Lesion of the Bladder
or bladder neck (TURB)
9. Open prostatectomy

Types
Suprapubic
Retropubic
Perineal
10. Nephrectomy
11. Ureterolithomy
12. Pyelolithotomy
13. Nephrolithotomy
14. Cutaneous Ureterostomy
15. Adrenalectomy
G. Thoracic Surgery
1. Pulmonary Lobectomy
2. Pneumonectomy
3. Thymectomy
H. Neurological Surgery
1. Craniotomy
2. Cranioplasty
3. Transsphenoidal
4. Hypophysectomy
I. Plastic Surgery
1. Rhinoplasty
2. Blepharoplasty
3. Rhytideectomy
4. Abdominal Lipectomy
5. Repair of Syndactyly
J. Otorhinolaryngologic Surgery
1. Myringotomy
2. Mastoidectomy
3. Tympanoplasty
4. Stapedectomy
5. Nasal polypectomy
6. Tonsillectomy
7. Adenoidectomy
8. Parotidectomy
4. Abdominal Lipectomy
5. Repair of Syndactyly
K. Cardiovascular Surgery
1. Carotid Endarterectomy
2. Coronary Artery Bypass
L. Orthopedic Surgery
1. Open Reduction of a Carpal
2. Bone Fracture
3. Excision of a ganglion
4. Carpal Tunnel Release
6. Open Reduction of
7. Humerus/radius/ulna/
olecranon
8. Internal Fixation of the Hip
9. Total Hip Replacement
10. Arthrotomy of the Knee

Scrub Nurse- A SPECIALLY TRAINED NURSE WHO DIRECTLY ASSISTS
A SURGEON DURING OPERATION.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A SCRUB NURSE WHEN THE SURGEON ARRIVES
AFTER SCRUBBING
 PERFORM ASSISTED GOWNING AND GLOVING TO SURGEON AND
ASSISTANT SURGEON AS SOON AS THEY ENTER OPERATION SUITE
 ASSEMBLE THE DRAPES ACCORDING TO USE. START WITH TOWEL, TOWEL
CLIPS, DRAW SHEET AND THEN LAP SHEET. THEN ASSIST IN DRAPING THE
PATIENT ASEPTICALLY ACCORDING TO ROUTINE PROCEDURE.
 PLACE THE BLADE TO THE KNIFE HANDLE USING NEEDLE HOLDER,
ASSEMBLE SUCTION TIP AND SUCTION TUBE.
 BRING MAYO STAND AND BACK TABLE NEAR THE DRAPPED PATIENT AFTER
DRAPPING IS COMPLETE.
  SECURE SUCTION TUBE AND CAUTERY CORD WITH TOWEL CLIPS OR ALLIS.
 PREPARES SUTURE AND NEEDLE ACOORDING TO USE.
DURING AN OPERATION
 MAINTAIN THE STERELITY THROUGHOUT THE PROCEDURE.
 AWARENESS OF THE PATIENT’S SAFETY.
 ADHERES TO THE POLICY REGARDING SPONGE/ ISTRUMENTS/NEEDLE
COUNT
 ARRANGE THE INSTRUMENTS ON THE MAYO AND BACK TABLE
BEFORE THE INCISSION BEGINS
 PROVIDE 2 SPONGES ON THE OPERATIVE SITE PRIOR TO INCISION
 PASSES THE FIRST KNIFE FOR THE SKIN TO THE SURGEON WITH THE BLADE
FACING DOWNWARD AND A HEMOSTATS TO THE ASSISTANT SURGEON
 HAND THE RETRACTOR TO THE ASSISTANT SURGEON
 WATCH THE FIELD/ PROCEDURE AND ANTICIPATE THE SURGEONS NEEDS
 PASS THE INSTRUMENTS IN A DECISIVE AND POSITIVE MANNER
 WATCH OUT FOR HAND SIGNALS TO ASK FOR INSTRUMENTS AND KEEP
INSTRUMENT AS CLEAN AS POSSIBLE BY WIPING INSTRUMENTS WITH A
MOISE SPONGE
 ALWAYS REMOVE THE CHARRED TISSUE FROM THE CAUTERY TIP
 NOTIFY CIRCULATING NURSE IF ADDITIONAL INSTRUMENTS ARE NEEDED IN
ACLEAR MANNER
 KEEP 2 SPONGES ON THE FIELD
 SAVE AND CARE FOR TISSUE SPECIMEN ACCORDING TO HOSPITAL POLICY
 REMOVE EXCESS INSTRUMENTS FROSTERILE FIELD
 ADHERE AND MAINTAIN STETECHNIQUES AND WATCH OUT FOR ANY
BREAKS
END OF OPERATION
 UNDERTAKE COUNT OF SPONGES AND INSTRUMENTS WITH CIRCULATING
NURSE
 INFORM THE SURGEON THE COUNT RESULT
 CLEANS AWAY INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENTS
 AFTER OPERATION,HELPS TO APPLY DRESSING
 REMOVE AND DISPOSE THE DRAPES
 DE-GOWNS THE PATIENT
 PREPARE PATIENT FOR RECOVERY ROOM
 COMPLETES THE DOCUMENTATION
 HAND OVER PATIENT TO RECOVERY ROOM
CIRCULATING NURSE-RESPONSIBLE FOR PATIENT SAFETY DURING THE
SURGICAL PROCEDURE.THE CIRCULATING NURSE COORDINATES CARE OF THE
PATIENT WITH THE SURGEON ,SCRUB NURSE ,AND ANESTHESIA PROVIDER .THE
CIRCULATING NURSE ALSO PROVIDES ASSISTANCE TO THE SURGICAL TEAM
THROUGHOUT THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A CIRCULATING NURSE
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
 CHECKS ALL EQUIPMENT FOR PROPER FUNCTIONING SUCH AS CAUTERY
MACHINE,SUCTION MACHINE,OR LIGHT AND OR TABLE
 MAKE SURE THEATER IS CLEAN
 ARRANGE FURNITURE ACCORDING TO USE
 PLACE CLEAN SHEET ,ARM BOARD(ARM STRAP) AND A PILLOW ON THE OR
TABLE
 PROVIDE A CLEAN PAIL
 COLLECT NECESSARY STOCK AND EQUIPMENT
 TURN ON AIRCON UNIT
 HELP THE SCRUB NURSE WITH SETTING UP THE THEATER
 ASSIST WITH COUNTS AND RECORDS
DURING THE INDUCTION OF ANESTHESIA
 TURN OR LIGHT
 ASSIST THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST IN POSITIONING THE PATIENT
 ASSIST THE PATIENT IN ASSUMING THE POSITION FOR ANESTHESIA
 ANTICIPATES THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST NEEDS IF THE SPINAL ANESTHESIA IS
COMPLETED
 PLACE THE PATIENT IN A 1QUASI FETAL POSITION AND
 PROVIDE PILLOW
 PERFORM LUMBAR PREPARATION ASEPTICALLY
 ANTICIPATES ANESTHESIOLOGIST NEEDS
AFTER THE PATIENT IS ANESTHETIZED
 REPOSITION THE PATIENT PER ANESTHESIOLOGIST INSTRUCTION
 ATTACHED ANESTHESIA SCREEN AND PLACE THE PATIENTS ARM ON THE
ARM BOARD
 APPLY RESTRAINT ON THE PATIENT
 EXPOSED THE AREA OF THE SKIN PREP
DURING OPERATION
 REMAIN IN THEATER THROUGOUT OPERATION
 FOCUS THE OR LIGHT EVERY NOW AND THEN
 CONNECT SUCTION,ETC
 REPLENISHES AND RECORDS SPONGES/SUTURES
 ENSURE THE THEATER DOOR REMAIN CLOSED
 WATCH OUT FOR ANY BRAK IN ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
END OF OPERATION
 ASSIST WITH FINAL SPONGES AND INSTRUMENT COUNT
 ENSURES THAT THE SPECIMEN IS PROPERLY LABELED AND SIGNED
AFTER AN OPERATION
 HANDS DRESSING TO THE SCRUB NURSE
 HELPS REMOVE AND DISPOSE DRAPES
 HELPS TO PREPARE THE PATIENT FOR THE RECOVERY ROOM
 ENSURES THAT THE THEATER IS READY FOR THE NEXT CASE
 Patient is the center of the sterile field, which includes the areas of the patient, the operating table and the furniture covered with sterile drapes, and
the personnel wearing the OR attire. Strict adherence to sound principles of sterile technique and recommended practices is mandatory for the safety of the
patient. This adherence reflects one’s SURGICAL CONSCIENCE.
Application:
1. Preparation for operation by sterilization of necessary materials and supplies;
2. Preparation of the operating team to handle sterile supplies and intimately contact wound;
3. Creation and maintenance of the sterile field, including the preparation and draping of patient, to prevent contamination of the surgical wound;
4. Maintenance of sterility and asepsis throughout the operative procedure;
5. Terminal sterilization and disinfection at the conclusion of the operation.
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS
• Operating room personnel must practice strict standard
precautions (i.e. blood and body substance isolation).
• All items (e.g. instruments, needles, sutures, dressings, covers,
solutions) used in the operating room must be sterile.
• All operating room personnel must perform a surgical scrub.
• All operating room personnel are required to wear specific, clean
attire, with the goal of “shedding” the outside environment.
Specific clothing requirements are prescribed and standardized for
all operating rooms.
• Operating room personnel must wear a sterile gown,
gloves and special shoe covers.
• Hair must be completely covered.
• Masks must be worn at all times in the operating room for
the purpose of minimizing airborne contamination; they
must be changed between operations or more often if
necessary.
• Any personnel who harbor pathogenic organisms (e.g. those with
colds or infections) must report themselves unable to be in the
operating room to protect the client from outside pathogens.
• Scrubbed personnel wearing sterile attire should touch only sterile
items.
• Sterile gowns and sterile drapes have defined borders of sterility.
Sterile surfaces or articles may touch other sterile surfaces or
articles and remain sterile; contact with unsterile objects at any
point renders a sterile area contaminated.
• The circulator and unsterile personnel must stay at the periphery
of the sterile operating area to keep the sterile area free from
contamination.
• The utmost caution and vigilance must be used when handling
sterile fluids to prevent splashing or spillage.
PROCEDURE RATIONALE
• Anything that is used for one client must be discarded or, in some
cases, resterilized.
• Sterile field is created as close as possible to time of use.
• Sterile areas continuously kept in view.
• Sterile persons keep well within the sterile area. Sterile persons
keep contact with sterile area to a minimum.
• Destruction of Integrity of Microbial Barriers Results in
Contamination.
• If in doubt about the sterility of anything, consider it not sterile.
• Gowns are considered sterile only from waist to shoulder level in
front and the sleeves.
• The edges of anything that encloses sterile contents is not
considered sterile.
SURGICAL SCRUB
ASSESSMENT
 Assess the scrub environment for equipment and cleanliness to
reduce the risk of infection.
 Assess your preparedness. It helps prevent infection by reducing
the risk of contamination following the surgical scrub.
DIAGNOSIS
Risk for Infection
PLANNING
Hands and forearms will be adequately cleansed for applying
sterile gloves and gown.
EQUIPMENT NEEDED:
 Surgical scrub items (antimicrobial soap, two brushes and nail file)
 Surgical shoe covers and cap, face, mask, sterile gown, and proper
sized gloves
 Sterile towel.
1. Remove all jewelries prior to
beginning the surgical scrub.
2. Use a deep sink with side or foot
pedal to dispense antimicrobial
soap and control water
temperature and flow.
3. Have two surgical scrub brushes
and nail file.
4. Apply surgical shoe cover and cap
to cover hair and ears completely.
5. Apply mask.
6. Before beginning the surgical
scrub:
a. Open the sterile packages.
b. Open the sterile towel and
drop it into the center field.
c. Open the outer wrapper from
sterile gloves and drop the
inner package of gloves on the
sterile field beside the folded
gown and towel.
7. At a deep sink with foot or knee
controls, turn on warm water;
under flowing water, wet the hands,
beginning at tips of fingers, to
forearms—keeping hands at level
above elbows. Prewash hands and
forearms to 2 inches above the
elbow.
8. Apply a liberal amount of soap onto
hands and rub hands and arms to 2
inches above elbows.
9. Use nail file under running water,
clean under each nail of both
hands, and drop file into sink when
finished.
10. Wet and apply soap to scrub brush,
if needed. Open prepackaged scrub
brush if available. With brush in
your dominant hand using a
circular motion, scrub nails and all
skin areas of non-dominant hand
and arm
(10 strokes to each of the
following areas:)
a. Nails
b. Palms of hands and anterior
side of fingers
11. Rinse brush thoroughly, reapply
soap.
12. Continue with scrub of non-
dominant arm with a circular
motion for 10 strokes each to the
lower, middle and upper arms; drop
brush into the sink.
13. Maintaining the hands and arms
above elbow level, place the
fingertips under running water and
thoroughly rinse the fingers, hands,
and arms (allow the water to run off
your elbow into the sink); take care
not to get to your uniform wet.
14. Take the second scrub brush and
repeat actions 10-13 on your
dominant hand and arm.
 Decreases resident and transient
microorganisms.
 Prevents hands and forearms from
touching a soiled surface.
 Enhances mechanical friction during the
scrub.
 Prevents introduction of contaminants into
environment.
 Provides a respiratory barrier.
 Preparing the sterile items prior to the
scrub decreases the risk of contaminating
scrubbing hands.
 Water should flow from the hands to the
elbow to promote taking contaminants
away from the hands.
 Reduces number of microorganisms on
hands.
 Removes dirt that harbors
microorganisms.
 Removes resident bacteria from the skin’s
surfaces; the circular motion mechanically
removes microorganisms. Scrubbing the
non-dominant hand first sets routine you
can remember if you should get
interrupted during the scrub.
 Decreases transfer of microorganisms.
 Decreases transfer of microorganisms
from the arm, dropping the brush avoids
contamination.
 Allows flow of water to cleanse from the
area of least contamination to the area of
most contamination. Water conducts
microorganisms, and keeping uniform dry
aids in maintaining sterility of gown.
 Refer to rationale 10-13
 Prevents water from flowing from least
(elbows) to most (hands) clean area.
15. Keep arms flexed and proceed to
area (operating or procedure room)
with sterile items.
16. Secure sterile towel by grasping it  Maintains the sterility of the towel.
on one edge, opening the towel,
full length, making sure it does not
touch your uniform.  Prevents contamination by drying from
17. Dry each hand and arm separately; cleanest to least clean area.
extend one side of the towel
around fingers and hand and dry in
a rotating motion up to the elbow.
 Prevents contamination of the gown.
18. Reverse the towel and repeat the
same action on the other hand and
arm, thoroughly drying the skin.  Keeps the environment clean.
19. Discard the towel into a linen
hamper.
EVALUATION
• The nurse’s hands and forearms were adequately prepared
for closed gown and glove technique.
• The hands or forearms were not recontaminated following
the scrub by touching contaminated surfaces.
APPLYING STERILE GLOVES AND GOWN VIA THE CLOSED METHOD
ASSESSMENT
 Assess the surrounding environment. Maintains the sterility
of the gown and gloves.
 Assess the condition of your hands. Prevents any breaks in
sterile technique that could compromise the procedure.
DIAGNOSIS
Risk for Infection
PLANNING
The health care providers will don a sterile gown and gloves
without compromising their sterility.
EQUIPMENT NEEDED:
 Sterile gown
 Sterile and proper sized- gloves
ESTIMATED TIME TO COMPLETE THE SKILL
15 MINUTES
PROCEDURE RATIONALE
GOWNING
1. The sterile gown is folded inside  Allows ungloved hands to touch
out. only the inside.
2. Grasp the gown inside the  Keeps the outside of the gown
neckline, step back, and allow sterile.
the gown to open in front of
you; keep the inside of the
gown toward you; do not allow
it to touch anything.
Keep hands inside the gown sleeves
when opening gloves. Handle the gloves
through the fabric of the gown
Grasp the cuff of the glove
Keep the fingers of the glove facing the
elbow.
7. Manipulate the glove so that  Prevents the hands from
sleeves thumb of your contaminating the sterile glove.
dominant hand is grasping the
cuff; with your non-dominant
hand, turn the cuff over the end
of dominant hand and gown’s
cuff.
 Provides a closed sterile
8. With sleeved non-dominant method for gloving; the glove
hand, grasp the cuff of the cuff over the gown prevents
glove and the gown’s sleeves of contamination of the operative
the dominant hand; slowly filed with microorganism.
extend the fingers into the
glove, making sure the cuff of
the glove remains above the
cuff of the gown’s sleeve.
 Only sterile items can touch
9. With the gloved dominant hand, each other.
repeat actions
7 & 8.
 Promotes dexterity of gloved
10. Interlock gloved fingers, secure
hands.
fit.
Place the second glove on the gown
Extend fingers into glove
Extend the fingers into the second glove

EVALUATION
• Sterility of the gown and gloves was maintained.
• Sterility of the environment was maintained while
the nurse applied the gown and gloves.