Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Black Books of Elverum
Black Books of Elverum
Black Books of Elverum
First Edition
First Printing, 1999
The two Svartebsker from Rustad were first translated from Gothic hand-
writing into modern typescript by Per Sande. The two books were then
translated from Old Norwegian into modern Norwegian by Per Holck,
M.D., Ph.D. Finally, Mary S. Rustad translated the nvo books from Nor-
wegian to English with the helpful guidance of the late Oskar Garstein,
Doctor of Theolory and Philosophy.
Of course, not all forms of magic contain all these factors. There
are nevertheless certain constant factors; namely, b,d, and j.
This shows that magic is never done in a social vacuum. By
reading the charms and the recipes presented here, one under-
stands that behind all these forms of magic there are certain resis-
tant mental structures. With closer scrutiny, we will detect cer[ain
permanent patterns.
Many charms in this publication are to be found elsewhere in
Europe and even in the U.S., brought there by immigrants.
The Black Books contain not only magical procedures, but
medical recipes as well. They have served as medical handbooks
in former times. They have been found not only at the farms in
Norway, but at several vicarages as well! The clerrymen used
them when the cattle were attacked by more or less mysterious
ailments or when people visited the local clergrrnen to seek advice
for their illnesses. In former times, there were very few educated
doctors in Norway. One had recourse to the clerrymen or wise
women or men well versed in the esoteric mysteries of magic. To
cure illnesses by means of charms was considered legal because
it was white magic, while using magic to hurt people was black
magic. This is a distinction dating back to c. 1,400. However, the
authorities did not look at itthatway. Many a wise man or woman
olso Jo ,{lrsrelrun eqt rc orol{loJ Jo rosseJord ;aurog
osr Mug oTVNou-
'c;1qnd Surpeer lepl!\
p ol ulvlou{ s{oog
{lplg asaql Surrleru loJ ssord eplp9 "raqqlqnd
eql puP pelsnu 's ,fiew or qloq 1n;a1er3,ftan aq lsnlu ouo
'adorng u pue 'S'O aql ul qloq selplf,ua polelosr ur papalep
aq,.{eu leql lnq etull Jno ul seaJp Ipulsnpur ur lsol /v\ou lt\ell
plro/r/\ eolul 1q31sur ue anrS f,rqt .Surleurcse; pup a^rleluasoJ
-dar ,tran oJe oJOr{ peluasa.rd s{oog {Jelg eql Jo sluoluol oq1,
'rr8eru pacrperd 8ur
-Aeq JoJ r(em-lo61ur rfinluar-qluaeuu ur arr{d aq1 uo pouJnq sp1!\
XIx arvlr(
unrao12 Jo qoog >pvlg aq)
IXx
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SOJPJ1 aas usJ Oqs uJpJ aql JeAo IIV'sloot laq 01pouJrueJ spq 'uoll
-eraua8 rnrnoJ eqlJo ,fteW '6LgI ur eJrJaruv o1pa1er81uur pup
trrrpJ arues oql uro4 sp^A reqtpJpuer8 rcat8 roH 'rureJ aqt lpaqu1
ol sel!\ oq1!\ 'ulsnoJ pJlql Jeq perJJ€ru aqs reer( NLIL'LL6I ul aAU
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'ul{ req;o ,fio1qq 3upr11 e
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selJoueuJo eJuaprla lerlJo1slq sl?eAOJ suado eqs xoq.ftarrg 'rfinl
-uar srql ur olul pa{ool,{1areq ueeq eAPq soxoq erllJo lera^as
'mou SurqoteweJe r{aq1aqdeyq irap
-lnoqs Jeq JaAo 3urr1oo1 pup Jeeu ,(aqt arv 'suolleJeua8 lsed 1o
acuaso.rd eqt sleeJ lsorup r{rew ueql pue 'sJaqteJeJoJ Jar{ 01
^roN
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sseuTrls 8u1pre8o.r punoJ uaeq eleq sranal plo 'sossouilr snorras
JOJ SaJnr ou pue sprurue pllr\4. eJeq 4, eJaql 'ssau{tls Jo esnpJeq
pup ueJplrqr iletus pup s1eturup roJ Surrec e8e ,(1.rea ue le lno
urol!\ oro1r4. sraqlo 'wrlqpuqJ ul pelp dueyl 'lqnop e lnoqlr^\ 'eJrl
preq e peq ueruol|a{eu ol elqp eq 01ppq,(eqt teqm pue'tfttet
01 peq .,{aqt reqm-uaruol\ r(leroedse 'sr{ep plo oql u1 panq a1d
-oed moq sploJun 1l pue araqm,(rena q rfio1s111 'turpJ eql uo sruool
plo aql a;o1dxa ot selol6n[eqs 1nq 'sdrunq asoo8 slaag freyl
lalnb sr lr osrr!\Jar{lo lnq '{eeJf, spJeoqJoou
oqJ. 'eroJeq ,{ep aql lsn(tl posn e^pq plnoJ auoeruos y se Sururaes
'ruool plo ue spuels JauJot e ul JaAo 'araqrvrr{rano eJp sexoq plo
'slo{uelq roqtpoJ urot pup 'sqderSoloqd r{gulq plo 'seqlolr plo
arp slle^\ aqt 3uo1y 'sragpr eql wou u^4,op ,{psoq8 Sueq sqa^r
I
-raprds Jo suollereua9 'rrge plo eql ur dn dtsnp pue rlrep q t I
)vtu Arsnq alo uv
XXlI Cbe Black Book of €luerum
The Rustad farm went out of the family for several genera-
tions, but was bought back by Helge Tollefson Kitde in 18J8. He
was born in 1796 and was married to Ingebor Helgesdatter Mel-
hagen, born in 1805. Helge bought the farm because his wife did
not get along with his sisters who lived on the farm that he had
inherited in Rena. Helge and Ingeborg had six children: Tollef,
Helge, Gotmar, Johan, Ola, and Pernille. It is interesting to note
that they were all scared of wolves, which were sometimes so
hungry that they took farm dogs tied up by the farmhouse. The
'snuerJdfJ qslueo oql ol
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rIIt\ petuot q eruor 01 seltpr4roddo aqt peq sureJ es0q1 uo pe^ll
'ssan8 e
oqm aldoed aql pue sureJ a3;e1 arorvr sureJ osaql Jo IDog
dpo sl s1ql rng 'uue; ua8eqlew eql ruo4 eluel Sroqa8ul puu ep[y
'ureJ eql luorJ servr e31ag ,(a1en eql ul lprou dn raque; epu e
suJeJ omtJo ouo tuo4 paleuflro e^eq plnoJ s{oog 1rPIg eql
'pJeq ol pPq euorfiala pu€ lur€J
{Jo1v\
aql punore s{sel eql ul atedtctiled 01
peq ,(aqt 'lse;rleorq reUV
'[p1\4, aql u1 s3o1 eqt uae^Alaq srets oql eos plnm uerplq] aqt tq8lu
lV 'uolllpuoc ;ood tf;ett.e ul sel\ 0tul1 leql le esnoquJeJ pelsnu
xxx uou)nQouu[ lvtuotslQ
unrao12 Jo qoog >pvlg aq)
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uopuelul,{1uo,{y1 '{ooq slqr ul suollsluelul aql p due ruroJrad
ot ldruaue slpnp4lpul tpql pueuuolar ro &lgqlsuodsa; "{ue arlet
lou op oslp I 'ct8eru {relq aclpe-rd Jo uI eAeIIaq ^(em due u1 1ou
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-uoc poo8 ul eJp pup lualuot m qlrJ qloq aJp s{ooq o^u aql
's{oog
{Jelg o1r,u Jaqlo eql ssoJJe eruef, pplsnu ,{reyg leql ,{ooq lsJrJ
Mqt roJ Surqool osp pue 'rrrp aqt q sluounrop pup $looq plo Jo
raqunu e q8norql Sufeururnr olrq^\ se^\ tI .euo8 Buo1,(1qeqo.rd
sr pup poqsrue^ atqs seq lpql re^or {J€lq e qll^A {oog
{lelg e
ssorle euet eq o8e s;ear{ r{ueru lpql sJequaueJ pulsnu .H sllN
'reqleJ slq tuoq etuqlraqur slq go ged
se s{ooq eql ua{31a^eq plnor 0H .p4snu ur u1v\op palnes oq^
rreq lsrlJ pue uos lsaplo s,Jellol se^\ lI .epily JOIIoI u^\ou{ ilo1r,r
oql q raqlpJ splvl' pup ZLLI q uroq se^\ eH .s{ooq oqr Jo ef,rnos
eql se popadsns aq sdeqrad uer aplry Jellol .aer1
^{11ulq aulv
aql Jo qruprq p sr pue louly q aply ruo{ sr ,{11ue1 eq,L.LggI
eroJaq z(guel aqt r{q peul/\o eJaA\ Jo sJeu^,\o snonord s,uJeJ oql
uory aJ? $looq eql Jaqleq { uJguoJ pue ,Lggl
o1 alqrssod 1ou $ 1l
arurs z{yure; elups oql q ueaq spq pelsnu qtJoN Jo luleJ eql
'euo prlql e punoJ
eq ol fl eJeql ruJeJ eql uo eJeq^,raruos leql pue ,r{ervr_roN ,lunJa^Ig
ur pplsng qiloN te p$eJtns aleq s{oog {telg omt dltuatar
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tpql uollesuas leJrJolsrq 'leJol .fietus p paJeprsuo] aq tsnru t J
rtvouoq ul QvtsnU ruorJ
qoog )[)vlg aq)
XXXlV Cbe Black Book of €luerum
The two books are difficult to date accurately, but both the
handwriting and content indicate that they are around the same
age and from 1790 to 1,820.
They also are in agreement with many of the other Black Books
that are known from the same time period.
The books do not contain any names, initials, or dates that
can help us to identiff them. There are thirry-nvo incantations in
one book and sevenfy-elght in the other. They are not numbered
like many other Black Books.
Assistant Professor Per sande of the public archives in Hamar
interpreted and typed the books for the owner.
It is difficult to estimate how many Black Books there are to
be found in Norway. Some of them are publicly owned by muse-
ums, in the public archives, and in teaching and research insti-
tutions, while others are privately owned. The number of books
is probably between 100 and 150. There are a couple of private
owners who own several books, but it is a rarity to find fwo or
three books on the same property. Here in Elverum, we previ-
ously knew of only fwo other Black Books, one from Stenham-
mer and one from Findstad.
Svartebska
Many have heard about Svartebska, or the Black Book, but few
have held one in their hands. The name alone gives many peo-
ple chills up the back. I know one owner of such a book who dares
not sleep in the room where it is kept. Not everyone can overlook
completely that special texts or rituals can free dark powers.
One of the myrhs surrounding the Black Book was that it was
written in blood, as a link in an agreement with the devil. But
after the witch-burning era, this idea was toned down, and the
books we know of from Norway were written with pen and ink'
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-^\oq sr ll 'lpuelpu eqlJo uollelueserd relndod B ur BurlsaJelurun
d1an1le1a.r q s1qt lnq 'tuaql uae^i$eq uollJauuoJ reep e aas sdeq
-.rad prvr laqlleoseJ aug 'ur8r.ro uoturuoJ e ol lurod d1"rea1c leqt
sellrJelrurs rlllr\{ s{ooq oslp ere eJaql 'slualuoJ luolaJJrp .,{Fee1c
II1rl\{
s{ooq pnpwpu! Jo requnu p uaeq spq llnser eqlJr ua^g
'sralard;atul {oog
{Jelg s,r{epo1
JoJ ualqord e osle q slql '^\arqeH pue urle1 pu€ {ear9 ul uol
-lIJl,\ aJeA\ suolleluecul u8raro; eql uaqfi\ srualqord pasnel d1p1c
-adsa seq ll 'sardoc Surleru ur sertlnJIJJIp pue sJoJJe Burlrrrvr o1
pal e^pq sa8en8uel u8garo; pup spro/yr uallp tnoqp a8palmou4 3o
{rpl e pue dqderSoquo.roo4 '.raqdrrop ot llnrrrnp uaeq o^eq tpql
${ooq lno-uJo1v\ pue Supr.rmpueq dddols aq upl uoseeJ .reqlouv
,uol
'uorlrpprl leqre^ pue lprol qlr^4 1uaql pesl^Or z(pq311s pup
-urdo lurol Jo rulpoJ eql uqlll{ lueJlnt uolluau ol lou ,lnJasn lsou
0q1 0q ot paueas leqt suoltptuerur 1no pa1cld f1aa.r; uosrad leqt
'{ooq aioq /\ e aqdeur .ro 'leranas Jo 'uolleluef,ur ue Jo ploq 1o3 uos
-rad e uor{r!\ ter{t pauaddeq tt 'pro1r,t uanlrd\ eqt qtp{ lalered panrl
8qilrl e1el qtnou-Jo-pro /\ uerld\ porrad e u1 papuplro s{ooq aql Jo
lsolu lpql sr seJuaJeJJIp elqpJaprsuo, eql JoJ uoseeJ roleur aug
'lualuol Olues eql a^pq leql punoJ aJe
$looq orvr1.,{1ac;ecs pup 'uanlJd\pueq aJp s{ooq eql .esel aql lou
q slqt tng 'rer{toue e{ll sr alduexe euo teqt pue slualuoc rgnads
,,fian qtyvr {ooq p lnoqp 3urr1p1 aJe ell\ leql aleleq r{ueur ,alqlg
aql sp z(e,l eures oql q 'etueu rado.rd e spq {ooq eql osnetog
'rolplv\ r{tpq eql qll^{
tno ud\orql se,r' ^{qeq aql 'qilru e spll\ Jlasll {ooq aql lprp d\ol^
aql q peel dpsea plnol ;eneur pafqns p q)ns e^pq plnot {ooq ou
1eq1 uorurdo leraue8 aql pup 'selnuJoJ cl8eur w pale11aq ra8uol
ou aldoed asnplaq aq plnot srql .aluetsrye ,s{ooq eql porqnop
ro peruap teqt aldoed .rap1o dueu are/!\ aroql qlno,,{,(ur u1
trtouoil ul QyFnU uro,{ qoog )t)vlg r(D
XXXVl Cbe Bleck Books of€luerum
andlelaya have the most in common with the books from Rus-
tad. However, there are only a few parallels with the other Black
Books from the district.
Ttaditions with magic books are known from as far back as
Babylon and Egzpt. The Black Books' roots possibly come from
Erypt, where in the first hundred years after the birth of christ a
number of books were written that represented mixed compila-
tions of Egrptian and Greek philologz, religion, and mythologr'
together with the Jewish cabala. and Christian superstition'
The tradition was further passed down by the scholars of the
Middle Ages, who in the name of religion and philosophy were
absorbed in classical magic. The study of the secret knowledge
culminated in the 1500s and 1600s, the same titne as the witch
burnings. The Germans were industrious authors of magic liter-
ature, and many of the myths that surround the Black Book are
built up around the theological faculry of the LJniversity of Wit-
tenberg. Both magic books and the witch burnings found their
way into Norway, where foreign and local traditions were blended
together.
The book that has left the most impression on the Norwegian
Black Book tradition is recognized as Danish. It is probably from
1608 and was written by a Lutheran minister and spread both in
Denmark and Norway by the clergz' It was dedicated to the famous
magician Cyprianus, who around the year 500 was the Bishop of
Antioch and a Roman Catholic martyr and saint' Other: known
names that are associated with the book are Albertus Magnus,
Paracelsus, Agrippa of Nettesheim, the German Dr. Faust, and
;it
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auols eql rapun 'sr euols raqlo ou aJeq^\ quee aql uI sa[ lPql
auols e111[ e dn 319 'reuuns eql q paruro;.rad eq dpo uer srr.Il
psap ere {IoJsuI{ pue sa^Ileler
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'leql Jaq l!\ollp nor{ pue lueuSard aq ol ueruorvr ;nod luem nor(;I
pIIqJ qll^r lou q pup esrnorrelul seq z(11ensn oqrvr pI.6 p rog
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'a;n[ul touupJ daql os 'a8pa pue lurod uraql ruo4 e{el L 'ples
0q ,'Splolv\s u1\{eJp IIV, 'spJo^rs u.ry\PJp aql IIE pallnp aH 'uoll
-lpadxa s,ueurapuo8 e uo 1ua.44. eH 'pJo'I Jno,, :spJo.ry\ esaql peeu
Jelv\ uI druaua rnod;o pJolrls aql ilnp oI
('sdrqm aqt ruo4 s1v\olq aql tsule8u uolnolo.rd
8u1ppe '{ruq eqt ot z{purg {3lls ueql ilI1v\ lens aqfl 'seu1t oarql
ro orq oJrJ aql prPlvrol ur dals ulq e^eq puP 1l qllA\ {cPq s,uelu
aql rpeus pue raqtaSor slqt llew 'lens pue sallq.ry\ 33a .tre"r aqel
.laltune8 eql uru o13u1o8 sl oq^/$. u€Iu € JoJ
,,'alueu S,IIAOO aql ul sselpeeH,, :SpJOlv\ asaql r(es pue
sl\olq pur,4/\aql ueq^4, Jer.llo qrea lsure8P qnJ seeJl odu eJeI{M
arllarr lrlSlt e ur tr uelspJ pup peeq slq urorJ 4erl ouos tec
erlJep€eq luplsuoc e uosrad € asnef, oI
'p€ep sl ileoq rnof ut
lnoqp lsoru {urql no,,{,,{pue; ;nor( u1 uos;ad eql leql supatu ll"'
99
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'elpJlns uoJr IDLV\ sqIroJS lo sloq eqllPof,
lseJ tno {€erq aldoad uo sq1rtror8 pue sgoq l€q1.
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pernssp oq 01 eJP no^ 'pesealop 0q1 qlIA{ uI.JJOl eql ul spaes
-url peards asIA{e{II uel no1 ''(ervre oF uaqt gm lsoq8 s111 'pel[
aluo poseoJop eql eleq^/\ uJeJ eql punoJe speosull peardg
qleep reqe stun€q uosrad u 3I
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eleus e dols oI
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euo Jeqlouv
unrao12 Jo qoog >pvlg aq)
69
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aJu€p esnoq e u1 euodreAe a{etu oI
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e ur ueql r{e1pue sJaqua loq a{ef '8uluoru ^(epuoyg e ug
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*,,'eJollop
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99
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slql e{l'L, :fes pue 'looJ 1I{3IJ Jnof qlII\ Iueql uo dels pue
sraqua Sururnq eql a{et uor{I 'ualols seq aq teql spoo8 aqr
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spoo8 aq1 aru8 prvr nod tuor; uelols seq oIUv\ Jolql aql eroJeq
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69
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'tq31u ro ,$q11nbue;l ro lser ,(ue aleq Jelql slql lel tou
'{ep
op pog 'eru ruo4 uolols seq aq qrlrl\{ teqt oru ot {req s8upq aq
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'ruo{ ua{el sem 1t aceld
ro lods eqt ol 'eur ruog ualols spq oq spoo8 eql pouJrueJ seq oq
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98
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peq oql uo acagd lstlJ erlt aceld uos.tad r1cls eql a^eH 'sacatd
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t22 Cbe Black Book d€luerum
Her last chance for being acquitted was for twelve appointed
"honest, respectable, well-bred" women to take an oath together
with Ingeborg statin g that she was innocent. This was to have
taken place ten weeks later, when the case was scheduled to come
before the court.
The court assembled again on May 19, 1625. None of the named
women (Marit Strand, Sigurd Strand, Gjertrud Strand, Anne Grund-
set, Ase GArder, Anne Skulstad, Anne Hovin, Gro Opsal, Gro Lille-
hov, Oulo Loken, Tiora @sterhaug, and Bodil Skjefstad) were willing
to take the oath with Ingeborg. On the contrary, they emphasized
that they had always heard thatlngeborg was known for her witch-
craft, and this was also well known in Elverum's congregation.
II Yoqap&(g wruaLlg'usNsrs nNrvw-
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9l goordlallnq aq oI '9I
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9I no.( le {Jeq l,uo1r^ sSop og '71
9I s1r,loJJP luoJJ uollJaloJd 'tI
9T 8uo;m loot{s lou oL'zI
9I rplt\ q parnldec 3u1eq tsup8e uolpetora 'I I
gt peqotlr\4.aq 3u1aq lsule8u uolpatord '0I
esnoq e ut daals ol auor{rana JoJ '6
'Ig,t sJnor{ rno;-&uaru daals ol auoeuos JoJ '8
g,l'rl splurue s,Jeqloue paqllyv\aq s€q oq/v\ aas oI '/
II sseussaldaels esnel oI'g
II qt8uarts ro; dleg'9
TT,6 stutds I^a erp 3u1go.t1uo3 '7
6,L Jalql p q)tw ol slt.uds il^e eql ruor; d1ap1
'g
L,9
t "l:,"fflTiJlliiilHil ;
a8e4
suorlvluv)ul Io ts77
t30 Cbe Black Book of€luerum
9l.To bleeding
stop gs
92.Toothache g5
93. Toothache gT
94. Toothache gT
95. To win when playing cards or dice 89
96. To win when playing cards or dice I 89
97 . To win when playing cards or dice 97
98. To win when playing cards or dice 9I,95
99.To win when playing cards or dice 95
100. To win when playing cards or dice 95
101. To make birds or animals stand still gS, gT, gg, 101
702. To stop a drifter 10J, 105
103. For a girl to love you IOT, lO9
104. Protection for your cows this summer l7l, 1,1J
105. For an alcoholic I1S
106. To drive away bedbugs l1,s
707 . So lice will never thrive on you I1S, 717
108. For growths and boils llT
109. Abortion I1T
110. Help for a woman who is having a difficult childbirth 1lg
ttl
6I 'SJeAaJ
II '6 'SuUIoJluoJ 'slIJIds IIAg
901't}l'sragug
th'rb'6f 'Pot Eutu4lq
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g1 's8og
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96'96'16'69'61 'seule8 eJIp Jo spJPJ
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gL'Lb 'Ll 'gI'uolpalord 'sloilng
LII 'gg'SqUvrOrS JO SIIOg
,B
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6Il' 'gb'slerulu€ pue aldoad 'squlg
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gI 'uolpalord'smouy
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9II' 6h'l,t'lusloqollv
LII '19 '6h '9h 'uoProqv
sllads Jo xaqul
734 Cbe Black Book of€loerum
Haunting,55
Headaches, 53
Hulder,2l
Hunting, 13
Incomplete text,79
Infection, 21, 31, 33
Injuries,3l
Invisible, tobe,25
Invisible ink,43
Jinxed gun, 53
|udicial proceedings, 19, 21, 25
Poison, 17
Pregnanry, help to achieve, 51
Promises, to free yourself from, lT
Sexual arcusal,43
Shooting, 15,33,35,45
Sleep, 11, 13,25
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L9,gr,.tt
69 'gI 'I I 'uolpeloJd 'JPM
99 'Sulueelu u^^ou{un
9I '8ulp€{l
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t9 'llnp 01 'spJo.4{s
tz 'seuols 1v\oilP1v\s
69'll'ql8uarls
99'SsIPUS
9tl s1ad5 Jo xaqul
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