Mikhaela Louisse B.

Mariano Reading & Writing 11/23/17

11 – Ven. Anthony Kowalczyk Mrs. Asis

1. Rapid Reading – aims to locate specific information or main ideas in a very short span of
time. Examples of this include skimming and scanning, which are both pre-reading skills.
Under rapid reading:
a. Skimming is to get the general idea by reading through text quickly. It is a type of quick
reading which aims to get the main idea and to get an overview of the material. It is usually
done when reading newspapers, magazines, books, and letters.
Examples:
 Newspaper – to quickly get the general news of the day
 Magazines – to quickly discover which articles you would like to read more in detail
 Business and Travel Brochures – to quickly get informed
b. Locating the main idea – involves the identification of the central message of a reading
selection. The main idea is usually found in either or both the first and the last sentences of a
paragraph, but it may also appear in the middle or may simply be implied and not easily
explicitly stated in the text.
Examples:
o Identify the topic or the subject of the text.
o Take note of transitional devices such as thus, therefore, to conclude, and to sum up,
as they may signal the main idea.
o Validate your identified main idea by analyzing if all supporting details directly or
indirectly support it.
c. Scanning is a quick reading strategy which aims to get specific information from a given text.
Examples:
 Locating the specific name of a board passer
 Looking for an old email in your inbox
 Checking specific information in a graph
2. Previewing – is a skill wherein a reader looks over a material and focuses on the information
he/she finds relevant. It also allows readers to set the purpose and link the content of the
material to their background knowledge. It’s conducted during the prereading stage.
Examples:
 Reading the title and headings
 Checking the illustration and other visuals
 Browsing or inspecting unhurriedly: the table of contents, introduction, or summary.
3. Literal Reading – involves the understanding of ideas and facts that are directly stated in
the printed material. It’s done in the post reading stage.
Examples:
 Note-taking
 Paraphrasing
 Summarizing
Under Literal Reading:
a. Summarizing – involves condensing a lengthy text into a shorter passage which usually 15 to
30 percent of the source material. It’s essential that the thesis statement or the topic sentence
is included in the summary.
Examples:

 Annotate, i.e., add notes to the original text to highlight important ideas, but avoid
putting your own comments.
 If you are summarizing a text with multiple paragraphs, get the main idea of each
paragraph and write them in your own words. Combine them into a coherent article
using transitional devices.
 Ensure accuracy by comparing your summary to the original text.
b. Paraphrasing – involves restating ideas from the original text. Unlike a summary, the length
of a paraphrased text is almost similar to the length of original text because it focuses on the
details and not on the main idea.
Examples:
 Original: Her life spanned years of incredible change for women.
Paraphrase: Mary lived through an era of liberating reform for women.
 Original: Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay and they can consume 75 pounds of food a
day.
Paraphrase: A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia leaves and hay every day.
 Original: Any trip to Italy should include a visit to Tuscany to sample their exquisite
wines.
Paraphrase: Be sure to include a Tuscan wine-tasting experience when visiting Italy.
4. Inferential Reading – process of deducing facts and ideas not directly expressed in the text.
It’s also known as “reading between the lines”. This skill includes making generalizations,
inferences, and conclusions. This is applied during the while-reading stage. An inference is an
idea drawn from facts or details in the text.
Examples: while reading…
o Understand the intonation of characters’ words and relationships to one another.
o Provide explanations for ideas that are presented in the text.
o Offer details for events or their own explanations of the events.
5. Critical Reading – close and through evaluation of the claims in the text in terms of
relevance, validity, and logic. This skill includes distinguishing facts from opinions and detecting
logical fallacies. This happens in the while-reading stage.
Example:
 The aim of the study was to A convenience sample of 12 patients was selected from
three mixed-sex medical wards. The only criterion for inclusion in the study was a
willingness to participate.

Critical readers would question whether the sample was representative enough
to fulfill the aim of this study.They would also question whether the sample was
representative enough of the wider population, as the criterion for inclusion in the
population sample perhaps created an unrepresentative group.