HFSS Tutorial 3: Waveguide T-junction

Goal: design a rectangular waveguide T-junction operating at X-

band. The return loss must be less than 20 dB at 10 GHz. The X-band
standard waveguide size is .
Lessons learned:
• Wave port
• Convergence check on feedline length, port mesh and Max
Delta S. Lf Lf

Port 3
Port 2
a=22.86 mm
a a
b=10.16 mm

y
x
z
Lf
x
a
Port 1
1. Insert a New Design
Project->Insert HFSS Design
2. Save it as tutorial3
File->Save as
3. Calculate the guided wavelength at 10 GHz. We have
. Let .
4. Enter the above variables , and .
Project->Project Variables
5. Create two boxes with the following parameters.
a. size ( ), position ( ).
b. size ( ), position ( ).
Draw->Box
6. Use boolean operation to unite the two boxes.
Modeler->Bollean->Unite
7. Assign Perfect-E Boundary to the waveguides.
8. Assign Wave Port to the three port surface. Set de-embed length

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 to be equal to .
9. Add a solve-port-only simulation.
Analysis->Add Solution Setup
10. Add Interpolation Sweep from 8 GHz to 12 GHz. Step size 0.01.
Setup1->Add Frequency Sweep
11. Perform simulation. Check the mode field to see if it is the right
mode.
Sweep->Analyze
12. Plot the propagation constant. Compare the result to theoretical
values.
Results->Create Modal Solution Date Report->Output
Variables.
Create an output variable beta. Assign the following formula
to it .
sqrt((2*pi*Freq/3e8)^2-($pi/a)^2)
Plot the output variable and simulated result together.
13. Check the port mesh number from solution data.
14. Add another solution setup, set the minimum mesh number to
twice of previous value. Revert to initial mesh. Simulate again
to see if the result is convergent.
15. Unselect the Solve-Port-Only option and simulate again. Plot
the S-parameters.
16. Next, check the effect of feed line length.
17. Add Parametric Sweep for .
Optimetrics->Add->Parametric
It can be seen that convergence is reached after 10 mm.
18. To improve the performance of T-junction, add a cut to the
junction. Create box with the following parameters:
size ( ), position ( ).
19. Use boolean operation to subtract the cut from the T-junction.
Modeler->Bollean->Subtract.
20. Perform a frequency sweep to verify that the result is improved.
21. Set up an optimization of variables and .

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 Project->Project Variables->Optimization
22. Create an optimization and analyze it.
Optimetrics->Add->Optimization
Set minimum and maximum of be 8 mm and 12 mm.
Set minimum and maximum of be 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm.
Set optimization goal to be at 10 GHz (create a
single point analysis).
23. The result is . Perform a frequency
sweep to verify.

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