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Natural Disaster Qalbi
Natural Disaster Qalbi
FLOOD
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Pictures of flood
Floods can also occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of
the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders in thewaterway. Floods
often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood
plains of rivers.
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Cause of Flood
Flooding occurs most commonly from heavy rainfall when natural watercourses
do not have the capacity to convey excess water. However, floods are not
always caused by heavy rainfall. They can result from other phenomena,
particularly in coastal areas where inundation can be caused by a storm surge
associated with a tropical cyclone, a tsunami or a high tide coinciding with
higher than normal river levels. Dam failure, triggered for example by an
earthquake, will result in flooding of the downstream area, even in dry weather
conditions.
Riverine Flooding
While riverine flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and
other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers
because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy
travel and access to commerce and industry.
Some floods develop slowly, while others such as flash floods, can develop in just
a few minutes and without visible signs of rain. A flash flood is a
rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry
lakes and basins. It may be caused by heavy rainassociated with a severe
thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing
over ice sheets or snowfields.. Flash floods are distinguished from regular floods
by a timescale of less than six hours
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Effect of Flooding
Floods can have devastating consequences and can have effects on the
economy, environment and people.
Economic
During floods (especially flash floods), roads, bridges, farms, houses and
automobiles are destroyed. People become homeless. Additionally, the
government deploys firemen, police and other emergency apparatuses to help
the affected. All these come at a heavy cost to people and the government. It
usually takes years for affected communities to be re-built and business to come
back to normalcy.
Environment
The environment also suffers when floods happen. Chemicals and other
hazardous substances end up in the water and eventually contaminate the
water bodies that floods end up in. In 2011, a huge tsunami hit Japan, and sea
water flooded a part of the coastline. The flooding caused massive leakage in
nuclear plants and has since caused high radiation in that area. Authorities in
Japan fear that Fukushima radiation levels are 18 times higher than even
thought.
Additionally, flooding causes kills animals, and others insects are introduced to
affected areas, distorting the natural balance of the ecosystem.
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However, there is also something good about floods, especially those that occur
in floodplains and farm fields. Floodwaters carry lots of nutrients that are
deposited in the plains. Farmers love such soils, as they are perfect for cultivating
some kinds of crops.
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EARTH QUAKE
An earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by the sudden breaking and
movement of large sections (tectonic plates) of the earth's rocky outermost
crust. The edges of the tectonic plates are marked by faults (or fractures). Most
earthquakes occur along the fault lines when the plates slide past each other or
collide against each other.
The shifting masses send out shock waves that may be powerful enough to
alter the surface of the Earth, thrusting up cliffs and opening great cracks
in the ground and
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Cause of Earthquake
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Effect of Earthquake
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VOLCANEOS
A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below
the surface of the earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur. Gases and
rock shoot up through the opening and spill over or fill the air with lava
fragments. Eruptions can cause lateral blasts, lava flows, hot ash flows,
mudslides, avalanches, falling ash and floods. Volcano eruptions have been
known to knock down entire forests. An erupting volcano can trigger tsunamis,
flash floods, earthquakes, mudflows and rockfalls.
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Cause of Volcaneos
Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works
its way to the surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava flows and ash
deposits. Over time as the volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and
bigger.
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There are more than 1500 active volcanoes on the Earth. We currently know of
80 or more which are under the oceans. The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area of
frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions encircling the basin of the Pacific
Ocean.
The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 50% of the world's active
and dormant volcanoes. Ninety percent of the world's earthquakes and 81% of
the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.
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Effects of volcanoes
Primary effects are the immediate damage caused by the quake, such as
collapsing buildings, roads and bridges, which may kill many people. Those lucky
enough to survive can suffer badly from shock and panic
Secondary effects are the after-effects of the earthquake, such as fires, tsunami,
landslides and disease.
Fire - earthquakes destroy gas pipes and electric cables, causing fires to
spread. Broken water mains prevent the Fires being extinguished. Fires
spread very quickly in cities, especially in poor-quality housing areas
where wooden buildings are common.
Tsunamis - an earthquake on the sea floor or close to the coast may
cause huge waves.
Landslides - earthquakes often cause landslides, especially in steep river
valleys and areas of weak rocks.
Disease and famine - fresh water supplies are often cut off causing
typhoid and cholera. Lack of shelter and food causes much suffering.
soil liquefaction when soils with a high water content are violently shaken
they lose their mechanical strength and behave like a fluid and so
buildings can literally sink.
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All natural disasters cause loss in some way. Depending on the severity, lives can
be lost in any number of disasters. Falling buildings or trees, freezing to death,
being washed away, or heat stroke are just some of the deadly effects. Some
disasters cause more loss of life than others, and population density affects the
death count as well.
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The many natural disasters the world over, mankind has shown amazing
resilience. When an area or country is badly affected by a natural disaster, the
reaction is always one of solidarity and aid is quick to come. There are
organizations set up with the primary goal of being prepared for natural
disasters. These groups work on global and local scale rescue work.
It’s clear that natural disasters are a part of life as we know it. However, science
is making it more possible to predict, aid is faster at coming, and people are
learning how to rebuild in safer areas.
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