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3) 1 & - $"* - "
$ " "$- " 1
ก$!1
4) - &-.$#ก$"&"ก "-(กก
- 85 -
1$!
*6("
-
$ก$!
"$
5 ก$"
$ 3.4 1-,&ก$ก$!
3.2.2.3 %&

"***6(" (mini prism) ก &-*6("
$ &-
ก$" & 0-4ก $ 25 "*$ $*" ก &- 2 $ *ก * 6("/& 1
-(*ก$ก$! "%"2"&ก&"-* "***6(""

0 "*$$*"
$ก$!
5 ก$"
*6("
$ 3.5 "***6("

- 86 -
3.3 ก
ก
*ก +ก ""* ( 2 -
& *%(ก *ก+กก/& 3 ก
ก X ก Y $ก Z 6(
*ก
.
& !" #ก $
$ /"*ก+กก

*กก X $ก Y -
*กก Z

" 'ก
ก X $ก Y ก
*ก+ก ก&
*กก Z ก0-4

*ก+ก&

*กก X $
*กก Y 6("*:ก
*ก+ก/&
2 *:
3.3.1 ก )*ก ก#

+ก
+
ก
*ก+ก&-ก- *:ก
*ก+ก/&'ก$
.
& #ก .-,&

* $ก /"& ก$ * : ก
* ก +ก& -ก
-" "ก
*ก+ก",& -$!ก "
3.3.1.1 & &ก X ( ) $ &ก Y (ก)
"'2ก'2 O 6(-ก'2ก* '2*"&
3.3.1.2 &ก X $ &ก Y ก
8 ก $ -ก'2?
(quadrant) $-ก'2?
1 2 3 $ 4 ? 3.6
'2?
4 '2?
1
O X
'2?
3 '2?
2
$ 3.6 '2?

4
3.3.1.3 '2?
"
"-ก $ ' 8
3.1
- 87 -
- 3.1
"-''2?
'2?

"-
-ก X -ก Y
1 + +
2 + -
3 - -
4 - +
3.3.1.4 *'3$#ก ? 3.7 ก"2 &#

'ก#ก'2" " ก9** $ ก"2 &#'ก
ก(ก$#ก&$ 2.00 " ? 3.8
1 2 3 4
9.00
2.00 4.00 3.00
A C1 C1 C1 C1
F1 F1 F1 F1
3.00
B C1 C1 C1 C1
F1 F1 F1 F1
9.00
4.00
C C1 C1 C1 C1
2.00 F1 F1 F1 F1
D C1 C1 C1
F1 F1 F1
$ 3.7 $#ก,&ก

*ก+ก
- 88 -
1 2 3 4
9.00
2.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
A B
2.00
A No.1 C1 C1 No.2 C1 No.3 C1 No.4

F1 F1 F1 F1
3.00
B No.8 C1 C1 No.7 C1 No.6 C1 No.5

F1 F1 F1 F1
9.00
4.00
C No.9 C1 C1 No.10 C1 No.11 C1 No.12

2.00 F1 F1 F1 F1
D C1 No.15 C1 No.14 C1 No.13

2.00 F1 F1 F1
D C
$ 3.8 "2 &#$#ก
3.3.1.5 ก
*ก+ก*"& &-ก*'3 -&6&- 2$
2 ก$ ก'2 &&-*:ก$ $&
*ก+ก -'2?
1
(
*ก+ก"/"*
$) " *'3'ก? 3.8 $ ก
*ก+ก*"&
"2 &# D
*ก+ก*"& (0, 0)
3.3.1.6 /"& ก$-'ก"2 &# D /"
ก X %("2 &# A /&- 0 " -'ก"2 &#
D /"ก Y %("2 &# A /&- 13 " -
/&ก
*ก+ก"2 &# A ก (0, 13)
- 89 -
3.3.1.7 /"& ก$-'ก"2 &# D /"

ก X '%("2 &# B /&- 13 " -'ก"2 &#
D /"ก Y %("2 &# B /&- 13 " -
/&ก
*ก+ก"2 &# B ก (13, 13)
3.3.1.8 /"& ก$-'ก"2 &# D /"
ก X '%("2 &# C /&- 13 " -'ก"2 &#
D /"ก Y %("2 &# C /&- 0 " -
/&ก
*ก+ก"2 &# C ก (13, 0)
3.3.1.9
*ก+ก #ก"-$ 1 %("-$ 15 9**"&
3.3.1.8 6( "% 2$
*ก+ก"2 &#$#ก'กก- 3.2
- 3.2
*ก+ก#ก'กก-
)$กI34
*ก+ก (") "-2
X Y Z
A 0 13 0 "2 &#
B 13 13 0 "2 &#
C 13 0 0 "2 &#
D 0 0 0 "2 &#
No.1 2 11 0 #ก
No.2 4 11 0 #ก
No.3 8 11 0 #ก
No.4 11 11 0 #ก
No.5 11 8 0 #ก
No.6 8 8 0 #ก
No.7 4 8 0 #ก
No.8 2 8 0 #ก
No.9 2 4 0 #ก
No.10 4 4 0 #ก
- 90 -
- 3.2 ( )

*ก+ก#ก'กก-
)$กI34
*ก+ก (") "-2
X Y Z
No.11 8 4 0 #ก
No.12 11 4 0 #ก
No.13 11 2 0 #ก
No.14 8 2 0 #ก
No.15 4 2 0 #ก
3.3.2 ก )*ก ก#

+0 ก 1+2 34 5
ก
*ก+ก&-.ก"- !' "%
*ก+ก/&
'ก

"* 4".ก"- !' 8 , .
(autocad) -$

(realcad)
(vecad) /
(dynacad) ก
*ก+ก&-.ก"- !'
" "กก
*ก+ก",& -$!ก'%(,& -
) "
3.3.2.1 ; .ก" - !' .

% (status bar) *ก+กก X ก Y $ก Z ก-"- "
3.3
- 3.3 ก,&

Options
command : Options
%-ก Options $ ก AEC dimension→dimension in $ ก meters
3.3.2.2 -$#ก "-$"2 &#$#ก ?

3.7
3.3.2.3 ก"2 &#$& " #ก ' 4 '2

"2 & # A B C $ D ? 3.8
- 91 -
3.3.2.4 - & , "#ก$"2 &#

.-,&
Pline 3.4 .- & & , "ก(ก$#ก
"2 &# ? 3.9
- 3.4 ก,&

Pline
Command : Pline
Specific start point : $ก & 'ก#ก"-$ 1
'2*"&, "/-#ก"-$ 8 $$ก & , ""2 &#
1 2 3 4
9.00
2.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
A B
2.00
A No.1 C1 C1 No.2 C1 No.3 C1 No.4

F1 F1 F1 F1
3.00
B No.8 C1 C1 No.7 C1 No.6 C1 No.5

F1 F1 F1 F1
9.00
4.00
C No.9 C1 C1 No.10 C1 No.11 C1 No.12

2.00 F1 F1 F1 F1
D C1 No.15 C1 No.14 C1 No.13

2.00 F1 F1 F1
D C
$ 3.9 & , "ก(ก$#ก$"2 &#

- 92 -
3.3.2.5 $$:4
*ก+ก "2 &#$#ก .-,&
List 3.5 /&

*ก+ก ' ? 3.6
- 3.5 ก,&

List
command : List
Select object : $ " 4/ & ก
$*ก6&-$&ก
$*ก
- 3.6
*ก+ก#ก'ก.ก"- !'
)$กI34
*ก+ก (") "-2
X Y Z
A -1.1600 174.8943 0.0000 "2 &#
B 11.8400 174.8943 0.0000 "2 &#
C 11.8400 161.8943 0.0000 "2 &#
D -1.1600 161.8943 0.0000 "2 &#
No.1 0.8400 172.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.2 2.8400 172.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.3 6.8400 172.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.4 9.8400 172.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.5 9.8400 169.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.6 6.8400 169.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.7 2.8400 169.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.8 0.8400 169.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.9 0.8400 165.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.10 2.8400 165.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.11 6.8400 165.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.12 9.8400 165.8943 0.0000 #ก
No.13 9.8400 163.8991 0.0000 #ก
- 93 -
- 3.6 ( )

*ก+ก#ก'ก.ก"- !'
)$กI34
*ก+ก (") "-2
X Y Z
No.14 6.8400 163.8991 0.0000 #ก
No.15 2.8400 163.8991 0.0000 #ก
3.4 ก
ก ก
ก
*ก +ก 0- & "$
*ก .
&
1 & ก$&
"$$" ก .
&
ก ก & /& 3
"% *:ก
*ก+ก .-,&& "$? 3.8 $& "$ 3.6
$ก$& "$$" !
2 GPT-3005N "
3.4.1 ก 32ก +#

ก$! ก -& * : ก
* ก % ก$&
"$$" .- "%$ ก %'2ก$& "$$" 8 /"

*ก $& ก$& "$$"/-1-,&ก
""2 &$ก#
% 8
*ก' 2 % 6(ก!'/&
*ก %ก$& "$$"
"
3.4.1.1 "2/"&$-$"/ ก"2 &# % C $"2
&# % D ก ก-ก(ก$"2/"&
3.4.1.2 - $ -"2 &#
% C $"2 &# % D & ก 13.00 " ? 3.10
13.00
D C
$ 3.10 -ก(ก$"2 &# % C $ % D

- 94 -
3.4.1.3 1-,&ก ' 2 '2

""2 &# % C
' 1 '2 $
""2 &# % D ' 1 '2 ' ก$& *ก
"2 &#&ก
3.4.1.4 ก$& "$$"$.$ 8 "%
/-1-,&ก "2 &# % C $ % D ? 3.11
5 ก$"$5 -&ก$& "$$" - ?& "9**
1-,&ก 1-,&ก

""2 &# % D
""2 &# % C
(
*ก) (
*ก)
P OW ER
ME NU
N : 0 0. 00 m A BC DEF GH I
E : 0 .000 m 7 8 9 7
JKL MN O P QR
Z : 0 0. 00 m 4 5 6 A NG
S TU V WX Y Z+ ES C
INPUT LIS T INPUT ENTER 0 2 3 7
EN T
F1 F2 F3 F4 0
#
. -
ก$& "$$" % E

(& ก
*ก)
$ 3.11 *:ก$! ก-&
3.4.1.5 &' $ก$& "$$" ก2~" Power

3.4.1.6 ก2"~ Menu ? 3.12
- 95 -
POWER
MENU
V : 88° 20′ 05″ ABC DEF GHI
HR : 66° 45′ 30″ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
OSET HOLD HSET P1 ↓ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.12 &' $ก$! ก-& 1
3.4.1.7 1ก& ก2~" F2 ? 3.13
POWER
MENU
MENU 1/3 ABC DEF GHI
F1 : DATA COLLECT 7 8 9 7
F2 : LAYOUT JKL MNO PQR
F3 : MEMORY MGR. 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.13 &' $ก$! ก-& 2
3.4.1.8 1ก& ก2~" F3 ? 3.14
POWER
MENU
SELECT A FILE ABC DEF GHI
FN : __________________ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT LIST SKP ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.14 &' $ก$! ก-& 3

- 96 -
3.4.1.9 1ก& ก2~" F4 ? 3.15
POWER
MENU
LAYOUT 1/2 ABC DEF GHI
F1 : OCC. PT INPUT 7 8 9 7
F2 : BACKSIGHT JKL MNO PQR
F3 : LAYOUT 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
P1 ↓ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.15 &' $ก$! ก-& 4
3.4.1.10 1ก& ก2~" F2 ? 3.16
POWER
MENU
F1 : SELECT A FILE 7 8 9 7
F2 : NEW POINT JKL MNO PQR
F3 : GRID FACTOR 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
P1 ↓ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.16 &' $ก$! ก-& 5
3.4.1.11 1ก& ก2~" F2 ? 3.17

- 97 -
POWER
MENU
NEW POINT ABC DEF GHI
F1 : SIDE SHOT 7 8 9 7
F2 : RESECTION JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.17 &' $ก$! ก-& 6
3.4.1.12 1ก& ก2~" F1 ? 3.18
POWER
MENU
PT # : __________________ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT SRCH SKP ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.18 &' $ก$! ก-& 7
3.4.1.13 1ก& ก2~" F1 , %'2ก$& "$$"

ก, %'2ก$& "$$", E , %'2ก$& "$$"
!' ก2~" F4 ? 3.19
- 98 -
POWER
MENU
PT # : E __________________ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
[NUM] [SPC] [CLR] [ENT] 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.19 &' $ก$! ก-& 8
3.4.1.14 1ก& ก2~" F1 1

" ก$& "$$"
% E .- $ " 'ก % '2 ก$& "$$"%( '2 ก( ก$
ก$& "$$" ก
" ก$& "$$"ก 1.465 " " 1
& "$ !' ก2~"F4 ? 3.20
POWER
MENU
INSTRUMENT HEIGHT ABC DEF GHI
INPUT 7 8 9 7
INS. HT : 1.465 m JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT _____ ____ ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.20 &' $ก$! ก-& 9
3.4.1.15 1ก& ก2~" F3 ? 3.21

- 99 -
POWER
MENU
NO001 # ABC DEF GHI
PT # : __________________ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT LIST NEZ ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.21 &' $ก$! ก-& 10
3.4.1.16 1ก& ก2~" F1 ? 3.22 1

*ก+ก
"2 &# % C 'ก 3.6 (ก
*ก X=E
*ก Y=N
*ก Z=Z) "

N =161.8943 E = 11.8400 Z =0.0000 " 1
*ก+ก"2 &# % C !' ก2~" F4
? 3.23
POWER
MENU
N: m ABC DEF GHI
E: m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
Z: m 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT _____ PT# ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.22 &' $ก$! ก-& 11
POWER
MENU
N : 161.8943 m ABC DEF GHI
E : 11.8400 m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
Z : 0.0000 m 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
_____ _____ [CLR] [ENT] 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.23 &' $ก$! ก-& 12

- 100 -
3.4.1.17 1ก& ก2~" F1 1

" 1-,&ก
"2 &# % C ก&ก 1.412 " 1 & "$
"
1-,&ก !' ก2~" F4 ? 3.24
POWER
MENU
REFLECTOR HEIGHT ABC DEF GHI
INPUT 7 8 9 7
R. HT : 1.412 m JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT _____ ____ ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.24 &' $ก$! ก-& 13
3.4.1.18 "2ก$& "$$" /1-,&ก

"2 &# % C ก2~" F2 -'ก'2ก$& "$$"/-"2 &#
% C ? 3.25 $ 3.26
POWER
MENU
INPUT 7 8 9 7
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ANG DIST NP/P _____ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.25 &' $ก$! ก-& 14

- 101 -
POWER
MENU
HR : 160° 34′ 50″ ABC DEF GHI
HD*[1] ---------- m 7 8 9 7
VD : m JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
> Measuring . . . 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.26 &' $ก$! ก-& 15
3.4.1.19 1ก& ก2~" F3 1 & "$

*ก+ก "2
& # % / ? 3.27
POWER
MENU
NO002 # ABC DEF GHI
PT # : __________________ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.27 &' $ก$! ก-& 16
3.4.1.20 1ก& ก2~" F1 1

*ก+ก "2 &#
% D 'ก 3.6 (ก&
*ก X=E
*ก Y=N
*ก Z=Z) "
N =161.8943
E =-1.1600 Z =0.0000 " 1
*ก+ก"2 &# % D !' ก2~" F4 ? 3.28
$ 3.29
- 102 -
POWER
MENU
N: m ABC DEF GHI
E: m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
Z: m 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.28 &' $ก$! ก-& 17
POWER
MENU
E : -1.1600 m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
Z : 0.0000 m 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
_____ _____ [CLR] [ENT] 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.29 &' $ก$! ก-& 18
3.4.1.21 1ก& ก2~" F1 1

" 1-,&ก
"2 &# % D ก&ก 1.442 " " 1 & "$
" 1-,&ก !' ก2~" F4 ? 3.30
POWER
MENU
INPUT 7 8 9 7
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT _____ ____ ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.30 &' $ก$! ก-& 19

- 103 -
3.4.1.22 "2ก$& "$$" /1-,&ก

"2 &# % D ก2~" F2 -'ก'2ก$& "$$"/-"2 &#
% D ? 3.31 $ 3.32
POWER
MENU
INPUT 7 8 9 7
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ANG DIST NP/P _____ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.31 &' $ก$! ก-& 20
POWER
MENU
HR : 53° 33′ 15″ ABC DEF GHI
HD*[1] ---------- m 7 8 9 7
VD : m JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
> Measuring . . . 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.32 &' $ก$! ก-& 21
3.4.1.23 1ก& ก2~" F2

3
*ก+ก '2
ก$& "$$" % E ? 3.33
- 104 -
POWER
MENU
SELECT GRID FACTOR ABC DEF GHI
F1 : USE LAST DATA 7 8 9 7
F2 : CALC MEAS. DATA JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.33 &' $ก$! ก-& 22
3.4.1.24 1ก& ก2~" F4

3& "$
"*$
-$* ? 3.34
POWER
MENU
RESIDUAL ERROR ABC DEF GHI
F1 : USE LAST DATA 7 8 9 7
F2 : CALC MEAS. DATA JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
NEXT ____ G.F. CALC 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.34 &' $ก$! ก-& 23
3.4.1.25 & ' $ ก9& "$

"*$ -ก
-0.008 " $
"*$ -*ก -0.002 " ? 3.35 6(
"*$
-$-*
3/&
1)
"*$ - (dHD) ก -'*$&-
-
3/&
2)
"*$ -* (dZ) ก -*'*$&--*

3/&
- 105 -
POWER
MENU
RESIDUAL ERROR ABC DEF GHI
dHD = -0.008 m 7 8 9 7
dZ = -0.002 m JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
NEXT ____ G.F. CALC 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.35 &' $ก$! ก-& 24
3.4.1.26 1ก& ก2~" F4 ? 3.36
POWER
MENU
Standard Deviation ABC DEF GHI
= 0000.00 sec. 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
____ ____ NEZ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.36 &' $ก$! ก-& 25
3.4.1.27 1ก& ก2~" F3 (ก& "$

*ก+ก '2
ก$& "$$" % E ? 3.37
- 106 -
POWER
MENU
E : 3.937 m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
Z : -0.015 m 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
>REC ? [YES] [NO] 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.37 &' $ก$! ก-& 26
3.4.2 ก ก)-)*

กก
*:กก.
&

.-,&
*ก+ก , *ก+ก !" *ก+ก#ก *ก+ก .-1 & "$*ก+ก&
ก$& "$$"$"2ก$& "$$" /-1-,&ก$ก$!
"* * * 6( " * '3'ก
"2 " $- ก9& ' $ ก
.
&
"
3.4.2.1 &' $ ก2~" Power
3.4.2.2 1ก& ก2~" Menu ? 3.38
POWER
MENU
V : 90° 04′ 35″ ABC DEF GHI
HR : 6° 15′ 30″ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.38 &' $กก

1
- 107 -
3.4.2.3 1ก& ก2~" F2 ? 3.39
POWER
MENU
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.39 &' $กก

2
3.4.2.4 &' $ก9, /5$4(ก/& ก&ก3/"/&

&/5$4/& &ก2~" F3 ? 3.40
POWER
MENU
SELECT A FILE ABC DEF GHI
FN : E 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT LIST SKP ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.40 &' $กก

3
3.4.2.5 1ก& ก2~" F1 1 & "$

*ก+ก %'2
ก$& "$$" ? 3.41
- 108 -
POWER
MENU
F3 : LATOUT 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
P1 ↓ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.41 &' $กก

4
3.4.2.6 1ก& ก2~" F3 ? 3.42

*ก+ก
%'2ก$& "$$" % E
*ก+ก N = 157.233 " E = 3.937 " $
Z = -0.015 " ? 3.43
POWER
MENU
OCC. PT ABC DEF GHI
PT # : ____________ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.42 &' $กก

5
POWER
MENU
E : 3.937 m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
Z : -0.015 m 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.43 &' $กก

6
- 109 -
3.4.2.7 1ก& ก2~" F1 1

" ก$& "$$"
% E ก
" ก$& "$$"ก 1.465 " " 1 & "$ !'
ก2~" F4 ? 3.44 $ 3.45
POWER
MENU
INPUT 7 8 9 7
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT _____ ____ ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.44 &' $กก

7
POWER
MENU
INPUT 7 8 9 7
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
____ _____ [CLR] [ENT] 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.45 &' $กก

8
3.4.2.8 1ก& ก2~" F2 ? 3.46

- 110 -
POWER
MENU
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
P1 ↓ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.46 &' $กก

9
3.4.2.9 1ก& ก2~" F3 ? 3.47
POWER
MENU
BACKSIGHT ABC DEF GHI
PT # : ____________ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT LIST NE/AZ ENT 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.47 &' $กก

10
3.4.2.10 1ก& ก2~" F1 ? 3.48
POWER
MENU
N: m ABC DEF GHI
E: m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT ____ AZ ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.48 &' $กก

11
- 111 -
3.4.2.11 1
*ก+ก "2 &# % D .-,&& "$
*ก+ก
3.6 "
N=161.8943 " E=-1.1600 " 1
*ก+ก "2 &# % D
!' ก2~" F4 ? 3.49
POWER
MENU
E : -1.1600 m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
____ ____ [CLR] [ENT] 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.49 &' $กก

12
3.4.2.12 "2ก$& "$$" /1-,&ก

"
"2 & # % D $! ก ก"2" ก2~" F3 $! ก
"2":$ ? 3.50
POWER
MENU
BACKSIGHT ABC DEF GHI
H(B) : 312 ° 26′ 30″ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
> Sight ? [YES] [NO] 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.50 &' $กก

13
- 112 -
3.4.2.13 1ก& ก2~" F3 ? 3.51
POWER
MENU
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
P1 ↓ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.51 &' $กก

14
3.4.2.14 1ก& ก2~" F3 ? 3.52
POWER
MENU
LAYOUT ABC DEF GHI
PT # : _____________ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.52 &' $กก

15
3.4.2.15 1ก& ก2~" F1 1 & "$

*ก+ก#ก
& กก
#ก"-$ 1 "
*ก+ก N = 172.8943 E = 0.8400
Z = 0.0000 3.6 " 1 & "$*ก+ก#ก"-$ 1 !' ก2~" F4 ?
3.53
- 113 -
POWER
MENU
E : 0.8400 m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
Z : 0.0000 m 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT ____ PT# ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.53 &' $กก

16
3.4.2.16 1ก& ก2~" F1 1 & "$

" 1-
,&ก$ก$! "
ก 1.350 " " 1

" 1- !'
ก2~" F4 ? 3.54 $ 3.55
POWER
MENU
INPUT 7 8 9 7
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT _____ ____ ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.54 &' $กก

17
POWER
MENU
INPUT 7 8 9 7
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
____ _____ [CLR] [ENT] 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.55 &' $กก

18
- 114 -
3.4.2.17 & ' $ ก9& " $

"2 " $-'ก
%'2ก$& "$$"/-#ก"-$ 1 1ก& ก2~" F1
? 3.56
POWER
MENU
CALCULATED ABC DEF GHI
HR = 348 ° 48′ 50″ 7 8 9 7
HD = 13.954 m JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ANGLE DIST _____ _____ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.56 &' $กก

19
3.4.2.18 & ' $ ก9

"2 " - (HR) $
"
*$
"2"- (dHR) ? 3.57 "
""-
1)
"*$
"2"- (dHR) ก
"2"
'*$&-
"2"
3/&
2)
"*$
"2"- (dHR) "
ก&
"2ก$& "$$"!"*ก
3)
"*$
"2"- (dHR) "
$&"2
ก$& "$$""!"*ก
POWER
MENU
PT# ABC DEF GHI
HR = 12° 34′ 35″ 7 8 9 7
dHR = 23° 45′ 45″ JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
DIST ____ NEZ _____ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.57 &' $กก

20
- 115 -
3.4.2.19
"* $
"2 " - "
ก & "2
ก$& "$$"!"*ก 'ก9
"2"&' $ dHR = 0°00′00″
? 3.58 1-,&ก$ก$!"$! $ 4%2-
'ก'2ก$& "$$" 13.954 "
POWER
MENU
PT# ABC DEF GHI
HR = 348° 48′ 50″ 7 8 9 7
dHR = 0° 00′ 00″ JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
DIST ____ NEZ _____ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.58 &' $กก

21
3.4.2.20 1ก& ก2~" F1 -'ก'2ก$&

"$$"/- 1 -,& ก $ ก $! ก9
& '
$ dHD = -0.10 " ? 3.59 "
""-
1)
"*$ - (dHD) "
ก & -$
1-,&ก$ก$! "***6("&ก$&ก$& "$$"
2)
"* $ - (dHD) "
$ & - $
1-,&ก$ก$! "***6(" กก$& "$$"
POWER
MENU
HD* : 17.25 m ABC DEF GHI
dHD : -0.10 m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
Z : 0.21 m 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
MODE NEZ NP/P NEXT 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.59 &' $กก

22
- 116 -
3.4.2.21
"*$ - (dHD) "
$ก-$ 1
-,& ก $ ก $! 'กก$& "$$" ก 0.10 " 'ก9

&' $ dHD = 0.00 " 1ก& ก2~" F4 ? 3.60
POWER
MENU
HD* : 15.95 m ABC DEF GHI
dHD : 0.00 m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
Z : -0.11 m 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
MODE NEZ NP/P NEXT 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.60 &' $กก

23
3.4.2.22 1ก& ก2~" F1 1 & "$

*ก+ก#ก
"-$ 8 $"2 &# ? 3.61 .-9**"& 3.4.2.15
POWER
MENU
N: m ABC DEF GHI
E: m 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
Z: m 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
INPUT ____ PT# ENTER 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.61 &' $กก

24
- 117 -
3.4.3 ก -
42-)*
ก'
*:ก' .
&/&
ก/& .-,&ก$& "$$" 1- " $1-
"***6(" .-$กก .
/64 "$-""-2ก4 'ก
"-
"$-"' 2 &$
"2" 1 "2" -& 2 & ? 3.62 ก'

"
a = 3.712 m
1-,&ก
1-,&ก $ก$!
c = 4.15 m b = 4.17 m
53°00′00″
P OWER
M ENU
N : 0 0. 00 m AB C DEF GHI
E : 0 0. 00 m 7 8 9 7
J KL MN O P QR
Z : 0 0. 00 m 4 5 6 A NG
STU VW X Y +Z ESC
INPUT L IST INPUT E NT ER 0 2 3 7
# ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 0 . -
ก$& "$$"
$ 3.62 กก$& "$$"$1-"ก .

/64
3.4.3.1 ก '2 ก$& "$$" "%" ! /&

*3 5 ก$"$5 -&ก$& "$$" - ?& "
9**
3.4.3.2 1-,&ก#ก"-$ 1 $
1-,&ก$ก$! "***6("#ก"-$ 2 ?
3.63
- 118 -
dHD
1 & ,&ก
dVD
#ก"-$ 1 dSD
1 & ,&ก$ก$!

#ก"-$ 2
P OWE R
MEN U
N : 0 0. 00 m A BC D EF GHI
E : 0 0. 00 m 7 8 9 7
Z : 0 0. 00 m JKL MN O PQ R
4 5 6 AN G
S TU VWX Y Z+ E SC
INPUT LIST INP UT ENTER 0 2 3 7
EN T
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
ก$& "$$"
$ 3.63 *:ก'

3.4.3.3 &' $ก2~" Power

3.4.3.4 ก2"~ Menu ? 3.64
POWER
MENU
V : 90° 56′ 25″
ABC DEF GHI
HR : 6° 15′ 30″ 7 8 9 7
JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.64 &' $ก'

1
- 119 -
3.4.3.5 1ก& ก2~" F4 ? 3.65
POWER
MENU
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
P1 ↓ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.65 &' $ก'

2
3.4.3.6 1ก& ก2~" F1 ? 3.66
POWER
MENU
F1 : PROGRAMS 7 8 9 7
F2 : GRID FACTOR JKL MNO PQR
F3 : ILLUMNITION 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
P1 ↓ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.66 &' $ก'

3
- 120 -
3.4.3.7 1ก& ก2~" F2 ? 3.67
POWER
MENU
PROGRAMS 1/2 ABC DEF GHI
F1 : REM 7 8 9 7
F2 : MLM JKL MNO PQR
F3 : Z COORD. 4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
P1 ↓ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.67 &' $ก'

4
3.4.3.8 1ก& ก2~" F2 ? 3.68
POWER
MENU
MLM ABC DEF GHI
F1 : USE FILE 7 8 9 7
F2 : DON 'T USE JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.68 &' $ก'

5
- 121 -
3.4.3.9 1ก& ก2~" F2 ? 3.69
POWER
MENU
GRID FACTOR ABC DEF GHI
F1 : USE G. F. 7 8 9 7
F2 : DON 'T USE JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.69 &' $ก'

6
3.4.3.10 1ก& ก2~" F1 ? 3.70
POWER
MENU
MLM ABC DEF GHI
F1 : MLM-1 (A-B, A-C) 7 8 9 7
F2 : MLM-2 (A-B, B-C) JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.70 &' $ก'

7
3.4.3.11 "2ก$& "$$" $!$ 4%2/1-,&ก

"-$ 1 "2 ก$! ก
"2"
3.4.3.12 1ก& ก2~" F1 -'ก %
ก$& "$$"/-1-,&ก"-$ 1 ? 3.71
- 122 -
POWER
MENU
MLM-1 (A-B, A-C) ABC DEF GHI
<STEP-1> 7 8 9 7
HD : m JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
MEAS R. HT NEZ NP/P 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.71 &' $ก'

8
3.4.3.13
$-$! ก ก"2" "2ก$& "$$"$!$ 4%2/
1-,&ก$ก$!"-$ 2
3.4.3.14 1ก& ก2~" F1 -'ก %
ก$& "$$"/%(1-,&ก$ก$!"-$ 2 ? 3.72
POWER
MENU
<STEP-2> 7 8 9 7
HD : m JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.72 &' $ก'

9
- 123 -
3.4.3.15 &' $ ก9

dHD $ dVD ? 3.73
POWER
MENU
dHD : 3 .978 m 7 8 9 7
dVD : 0.09 7 m JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
____ ____ HD ____ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.73 &' $ก'

10
3.4.3.16 ก2~" 7 - dSD &' $ก9

-
/& ? 3.74
POWER
MENU
dSD : 3 .979 m 7 8 9 7
HR : 0° 09′ 15″ JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
____ ____ HD ____ 0 2 3 7
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.74 &' $ก'

11
3.4.3.17 -&-1 -,&ก $ ก$! / #ก

"-$ 3
3.4.3.18 1ก& ก2~" F1 -'ก1-
,&ก"-$ 1 /-1-,&ก$ก$!"-$ 3 ? 3.75
- 124 -
POWER
MENU
<STEP-2> 7 8 9 7
HD : m JKL MNO PQR
4 5 6 ANG
STU VWX YZ+ ESC
ENT
F1 F2 F3 F4 #
0 . -
$ 3.75 &' $ก'

12
3.4.3.19 9**" 3.4.3.11 ' #ก$

"2 &#'
2ก'2 --ก-ก9$#ก
3.5 2
ก
*ก+ก กก

!" #ก $ !" .
&
*
$ก & .-,&
" $ก
ก$& "$$"$1- 8 "%

",& -ก$'%(,& -)
ก$& "$$"
"
) "%-ก
3/&.-กก2~"
1ก&$ $&' $ &9**
'' ก,&
ก$& "$$"&"- "%9**
*ก+ก/& -%ก&
*ก+ก ""*( 2 .
&

6(*ก+กก 3 ก
ก X ก Y $ก Z
& ก
*ก+กก X $ก Y "%

*ก+ก/& 2 *:
ก
*ก+ก&-ก
-$ก
*ก+ก&-.ก"- !'
ก
*ก+ก ก9**?
"/& 3

ก* ก '2 ก$& กก
$ก'

6(ก
*ก+ก &9**& 9**" ก$"&&
- 125 -
89ก) 3
1. ' ก,
" $ 2ก34,&ก
*ก+ก
2. ' ก*:ก
*ก+ก
3. ' :*-%(
"
) 1-
4. '
*ก+ก&-ก- .-,&& "$? 3.76
1 2 3 4
9.00
1.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.50
A B
1.50
A
C1 C1 C1 C1
F1 F1 F1 F1
3.00
5.00
B
C1 C1
2.00 F1 F1
C
C1 C1 C1 C1
1.50 F1 F1 F1 F1
D C
$ 3.76 $#ก

*ก+ก
5. '
*ก+ก&-.ก"- !' .-,&& "$? 3.76
6. ' :*-*:ก
&-*ก+ก .-,&& "$? 3.76
7. -&-ก$& "$$"ก-&-- $
"
"กก /" -/ - :*-" & 8
8. ' :*-*:กก !"&-*ก+ก.-,&& "$? 3.77 $ 3.78
- 126 -
1 2 3 4
9.00
3.00 3.00 3.00
A F2 F2 F2 F2
3.00
B F2 F2 F2 F2
7.00
2.00
C F1 F1
2.00
D F1 F1
$ 3.77 $#ก" !" ก*ก+ก
0.40 0.20 0.60 0.20
0.40 0.40
F1 F2
$ 3.78 -ก' !"#ก F1 $ F2
9. ' ก& $& - ก

*ก+ก
10. ก
*ก+ก ก&
*ก+กก Z ก0-4 2
- :*-" & 8
4

ก
4.1
ก
กก ก
ก ก ! " # ก ก ! $ % &' % &' " ก
ก กก(& ) * +# + ก,% &' -. , )' ก
ก(&) ( "ก(&# !/!&0# &!ก'1
ก ก *+2ก"#กก! $%&'!.ก
*)ก!ก3,/ก"#กก 2 !ก3,/ * #&
*)ก!(2%&'+กกกก
&#5# 67&
)!&# * -.ก'&ก+8'/ '1'8! * 8 ก&' !/ *
ก!# *)ก!(2%&'+กก
&#5#ก!
ก!# * &0+ 4.1
67& (Qf)
%&'#
%&'#
ก!# * (Qe)
4.1 * #&ก *ก!#*

- 128 -
4.2

ก
*)กก &!#%'& % ( !*ก ก) #!/#&&
4.2.1

* ( / 2% 2กก &!* ก "2
กกกกก(&#ก */0 -. *(2%)
( *&# % ( /&'+1C ( /& (#$!') !ก3,/!))(&
5ก# )ก ก'ก# 5ก#8 #ก! กก//!/!ก(
ก2& ',!# * #2!ก3,/!# ! ', *)&)
#
4.2 ( /&'+1C!ก3,/!))

(กD(. ก 'ก!$กD(, 2551)
*(ก2%ก) &

*(
&#
'1ก2%%ก(!.8ก.ก! 85$#Cก!)& * !/!# *
+', %ก(!)(#$ก+ *( &0+ 4.3
- 129 -
%ก.8ก.ก! 85$#Cก! * !/!# *
# (L)
4.3 ) &

*(
*(/& 85$#Cก!) ก.ก! #& '

# *ก&ก *".!# *#& ) &0+ 4.4 !/
) 4.1 ก!ก *((2%2ก )."./&2)&' ก)ก
*(2/& *)ก/&2)&' +Jก5)$( % !ก &
!) K !#(
85$#Cก! * (d)
# (L)
4.4 & 85$#Cก! *(
4.1 & *(
&')' *(
85$#Cก! $' #ก& #'
ก& (#ก (#ก
(') ('!!')) ()) ())
3 210 3.00 2.80
4 280 4.00 3.80
- 130 -
4.1 ()) & *(
&')' *(
85$#Cก! $' #ก& #'
ก& (#ก (#ก
(') ('!!')) ()) ())
5 350 5.00 4.80
6 430 6.00 5.80
8 570 8.00 7.80
1) #' &)& * !/)ก )!# *## !
2) )& &ก.ก! *#'
3) $' &ก.ก! *ก//!ก *&
4) ก #!# * /#/ #)(ก' 2.5 & 85$#Cก! !/
#(ก' 30 -)')
(ก/ 1, . ก 8, 2537, 5)
4.2.2
ก
* ก ) * + * (& ( ' # 2% ก # + !#
!ก3,/)& !/#!#& " (&)!ก3,/ก8!') 2 $
4.2.2.1 *ก) '!*ก !2 2%2ก, "ก
#$ (ก!ก
8!' ) ก ) * $ * ก ) ' !* ก ! 2
"8!') *2$ !/&) K #(ก' 8.00 )
&#2%ก)
ก ! & /! # ( #ก 250 ก'
!ก ) )-)' ) & & # ) #
)$ก/ก & 85$#Cก! 15 -)') $ 30 -)') # 28
&0+ 4.5 !/ 4.6
- 131 -
4.5 *ก) '!*ก!2

(ก!%, 2551)
4.6 ก *ก) '!*ก!2

(ก!%, 2551)
4.2.2.2 *ก) '!*ก& *8!')ก

8!')
ก) *$ &#'1ก2ก)ก'&0#2
&#ก&.!&& 2ก'&
&. ก)&!&& +"# &.ก!&& ( $ก) &
! . * ก ) ' !* ก & (2 % 2 กก ) )
8!')0,PC) ก /& *ก) '!*ก& ! * & &)
4.2 4.3 4.4 !/ 4.5
- 132 -
B
Y
B X X
/#/!
Y
/#/!
4.7 *ก) '!*ก& ! *$ !#) )
4.2 & !/')' *ก) '!*ก& ! *$ !#) )
%& ')'0)& !&! +0)&/

')'0)&
B Ac
S-BxB '!!') '!!') )'!!')
S-150x150 150 ± 10 22,500
S-180x180 180 ± 10 32,400
S-220x220 220 ± 10 48,400
S-260x260 260 ± 10 67,600
S-300x300 300 ± 10 90,000
S-350x350 350 ± 10 122,500
S-400x400 400 ± 10 160,000
S-450x450 450 ± 10 202,500
S-525x525 525 ± 10 275,625
# *!&!ก (&(ก' ± 50 '!!')
(ก/) ก. ก)8!')0,PC) ก, 2549, 4)

- 133 -
B
Y
B X D X
/#/!
Y
/#/!
4.8 *ก) '!*ก& ! *$ !#) ก!
4.3 & !/')' *ก) '!*ก& ! *$ !#) ก!
%& ')'0)& !&! +0)&/

')'0)&
SH-BxB B D Ac
'!!') '!!') '!!') )'!!')
SH-525x525 525 300 ± 10 204,940
SH-650x650 650 400 ± 10 296,835
# *!&!ก (&(ก' ± 50 '!!')
(ก/) ก. ก)8!')0,PC) ก, 2549, 5)

- 134 -
B
V U
Y
B O X X
N K /#/!
Y
/#/!
4.9 *ก) '!*ก& ! *$)(
4.4 & !/')' *ก) '!*ก& ! *$)(
%& ')'0)& !&! +0)&/

')'0)&
Ac
'!!') '!!') )'!!')
I-BxB B K N O U V
I-180x180 180 60 75 30 70 55 ± 10 27,450
I-220x220 220 65 85 50 80 70 ± 10 38,600
I-260x260 260 65 85 90 90 85 ± 10 48,900
I-300x300 300 75 105 90 100 100 ± 10 66,000
I-350x350 350 85 115 120 120 115 ± 10 88,000
I-400x400 400 110 140 120 160 120 ± 10 124,000
I-450x450 450 120 160 130 170 140 ± 10 154,900
# *!&!ก (&(ก' ± 50 '!!')
(ก/) ก. ก)8!')0,PC) ก, 2549, 6)

- 135 -
L
D
D
4.10 *ก) '!*ก&

&#2% #
4.5 & !/')' *ก) '!*ก&

&#2% #
8 ก,PC!&! ก,PC!&!
5$#Cก! 85$#Cก!0#ก
0#ก
(D) (t)
'!!') '!!') '!!') '!!')
200 55
250 55
300 60
350 +5 65
400 -2 75
450 80
(ก&
500 90
600 100
700 110
+7
800 120
-4
1,000 140
1,200 150
#!&!/!&!(& #!/ ± 3
(ก/) ก. ก)8!')0,PC) ก, 2537, 3)

- 136 -
4.2.3
&'ก
*!*กก!*ก
$+,& -.8ก/ก8!')
ก& !/ 0+,0$' $ก,0$''กb) +&!*ก2$)&)!ก3,/
)ก )& *!*ก'#2% *!*ก$)%!*กก! +/
)& ) !/)ก#ก * K
4.6 & !/ # *!*ก
*!*ก
& #
1. กกกก(& $ 1. * $ก * K
ก */0 K 2. +8'0#ก *!*ก! !/
2. %)+'# *(&# + $#2ก'& #&
3. )ก/!%&' *%'(& ก&'#ก *ก)
4. &'(& / !/ก! 3. ก'& '!*ก !/"$กก&ก(&#
!&'# ก * K
4.11 *!*ก$)%

(Rw conklin steel, 2008)
- 137 -
4.12 *!*กก!

(Intertrade resources, 2005)
4.3 (

ก
กก&# * )!/.#$กกก!&0#
* !/ก) , )'&' !ก ก# */
2%!#'1 &
4.3.1 ก ก)*&'ก+

ก)ก !*ก& '1ก/,# *)ก
#& )&
4.3.1.1 !*กก!& 85$#Cก! 25 '!!') # 2.00
) #2%%!Cก& ) ก!# !*กก!ก/#/ 30 -)')
!/ก /#/# 30 -)') ##!ก ก # 1 2 3 ........n
&#' )ก
#!#(#!ก
4.3.1.2 2%&Cก 7 &C )ก !*กก!2!(2&'
ก)กก/#/ 30 -)') &0+ 4.13
4.3.1.3 )ก !*ก# 2.00 ) !(2&' 1.50 )
!*กก!)(ก)%+'# !*กก!#$2&' ก
)กก/#/ 30 -)') (&)ก)ก& &0+ 4.14
- 138 -
4.13 ก)ก !*ก&
!*กก!
4.14 !*กก!& 85$#Cก! 25 '!!')
4.3.1.4 & ) !*กก!ก)ก !*ก 10

)!)&/#/ !*ก2ก)ก 10 &# &0+ 4.15 #
- 139 -
!*กก!!(2&'ก+'#+'.ก 1.00 ) ก& #

*)ก #&2%
4.15 ก&/#/ !*กก!2ก)ก 10 &#
4.3.2 ก , ,+-)ก ก./, 0

ก/ &' ก)ก6n) (standard penetration test, SPT)
'1ก/,# *#ก( + +1C2%
# !/ *2%&'# ")+2 *
% &' ก/ &' ก)ก6n ) ' # 2% & % &'
ก,กก!&0# */ *)ก #& !/
*)กก!#* )&
4.3.2.1 ก/ &' ก)ก6n) ')&#ก#ก)
ก& 140 (36.5 ก'
!ก) /#/#ก $ 30 ' (76 -)')) )ก"$ก!#)ก
!#' /ก/ก Jก)กก/ !#!ก//&
ก/ก8-ก (split spoon sample) 85$#Cก!0#ก 2 ' !/#/,
30 ' &0+ 4.16 !/ 4.17
- 140 -
4.16 ก& ก)ก6n)
4.17 /& ก/ก8-ก
4.3.2.2 ก*)#&'/&) K 0#2/& ก/ก8-ก

&0+ 4.18 &'ก*)#s')'ก& %&' &ก&!
&ก&+! )'ก #ก ก%'&&' !/ก! t
- 141 -
4.18 &'ก*(&0#2ก/ก8-ก
4.3.2.3 ก& ก)ก6n)(&!$ก))ก)/#/

ก/ก8-ก!(2&' 1 u) N " !#(& &) 4.7
4.7 !$ก))ก)/#/ก/ก8-ก!(2&' 1 u)
# (sand) &'# (clay)

N N * &
) +1C ) ("$กก&
30 -)') 30 -)') ()))))
)ก 2 ก 0 ". 2.5
0 ". 4 !ก 2 ". 4 2.5 ". 5.0
4 ". 10 ! 4 ". 8 *ก! 5.0 ". 10.0
10 ". 30 ก! 8 ". 15 * 10.0 ". 20.0
30 ". 50 15 ". 30 *ก 20.0 ". 40.0
$ก 50 ก $ก 30 *ก $ก 40.0
(&'ก !,#C5'' !/ !'5'5C, 2538, 70)

- 142 -
4.3.3 ก ก
*
ก)ก * (pilot pile) ก *2%' ก)ก
ก+ ก
&#กก & )ก ก/#/ 30 -)') !//#/
*2ก)ก 10 &# +ก)ก *(&$!# *
2%2ก!# ' ก)ก */ *)ก #& !/
*)กก!# * &0+ 4.19
4.19 ก)ก *
4.4 /1,2 ก

nw)ก * กก!/ก&#ก,C !/)ก!
2 % # ก) ก . !2 &' 2ก)ก * nw )ก * !#/0
" #ก(&&
4.4.1 /1,2)'*(' ก)ก

nw !#!ก/ ก (drop hammer) '1ก)ก *&&'
#(&'#".n กnw !#!ก/ ก ก!(กก
(##ก !/2%#"$ก &#'1ก&.!$ก)!*ก.("./&)ก !/!#)ก
!ก/ ก * & #
"
!ก 8!2 * ! !(2&'
- 143 -
nw !#!ก/ ก!()ก *)) ) K & #/
)'&)"ก!# &0+ 4.20 !/ 4.21
4.20 nw)ก * !#)ก!&#/
4.21 nw)ก * !#)ก)'&)"ก!#

- 144 -
4.4.2 /1,2)+3')45

nw &-! yC (diesel hammer) 2%#)C&-!2ก!
2!$ก)!*ก#ก $./& $)ก !/)ก!ก/ ก * &0+ 4.22
"& ' ก)ก * (& &* !/ 2% 2 )ก * + z &
!
', *)กก !/)ก *&2&' * % *ก)
'!*ก&
&#2% # -.nw &-! yC ")ก *(&&*ก
nw !#!ก/ ก )&#nw &-! yCกก #&
',ก s')'(&(&2+&' !/2%#2ก $ n.
(&'#!&#!
4.22 nw &-! yC

(The hong kong polytechnic university, 2008)
- 145 -
4.4.3 /1,2)4+'-ก)45

nw (y&!'ก yC (hydraulic hammer) !กก%&#
กnw & -! yC )2%ก! ก! "# ก&.(ก&.-.
#ก /(y&!'ก )ก!&ก,C!$ก)#ก $. !/)ก!ก/ ก
8!2 *!(2&' nw (y&!'ก yC ")ก *&2
+&' * ")ก *(&&*กnw !#!ก/ ก "/#/
#ก!$ ก) 2/ ก 0+&' !&/& & # !/ !(& ก n
nw (y&!'ก yC(&'#2ก)ก *&2 % *ก)
'!*ก&
&#2% # &0+ 4.23
4.23 nw (y&!'ก yC
4.4.4 /1,2)6
nw ( &#ก2%+! ก(% ##ก))ก!
.!)ก!ก/ ก * &0+ 4.24 2%2ก)ก *&!*ก กn

!#ก)ก *&กก)ก *
&#2%nw ( &nw (
.((&'#2n
- 146 -
4.24 nw (

(The hong kong polytechnic university, 2008)
4.4.5 /1,2)27
nw / (vibratory hammer)
&#5# /
" $ก)C(y&!'ก"#(# * "2%2กก& *" *
/ 2%s')'2กก&!ก!*กก&'+ *!*ก !/ *+& &0+
4.25 !/ 4.26
4.25 nw /

(Everlast synthetic products, 2008)
- 147 -
4.26 nw /)'&)" #+))/

(Pierce county cors, 2008)
4.5 6 &2ก

8 &'ก ก

ก! ก ก ) !* ก )ก * ) + 1C ก ! ก 3,/% &' !/
& *
&#/#/#ก)!*ก)ก *(ก' 2.00 ) ก)ก
*(ก' 100 )u) !/ก)!*ก)ก *#$/ 0.7 ". 2.5
ก *
4.27 )!*ก)ก *& 2,460 ก'

!ก
- 148 -
4.5.1
+6 &2ก
8&'ก ก
8+
ก! ก& ก) !* ก )ก * #ก' ( ก)ก
)u)/ก /#/ &) ก)ก * 10 & # # 2/& !#
*(#$2/&%&' "กก(&#!&0# -. Humes (& /
&ก)!*ก)ก *) & &) 4.8
4.8 ก))ก *) &
# * ก) &)!*ก)ก * Wmin

())
#ก 15.00 Wp
15.00 ". 18.00 3/4 Wp
กก 18.00 2/3 Wp
Wmin = ก) &))ก *, )
Wp = ก *, )
('#!#ก3)5 )C '#)ก + . ,/'5ก5 )C, ...)
4.5.2
+6 &2ก
8&'ก ก
98+
ก!ก&ก)!*ก)ก *กก'( ก/2%ก!
*ก'&ก
ก&/ ก ##(& -.)ก& Milligan ก&ก $ &
)!*ก)ก * &
0.0746A B
Wmax = .(4.1)
h
W max = ก)!*ก)ก * $ & ())
A = +)& * ()-)'))
B = ก)& * (-)'))
h = /#/#ก)!*ก)ก * (-)'))
- 149 -
)# 4.1 ก,ก)!*ก)ก *) & !/ $ & )ก

*ก) '!*ก& $ !#) )& 0.20x0.20x7.00 ) /#/#ก
))ก *ก 0.40 )
ก * Wp =0.2x0.2x7.00x2.4=0.672
ก)!*ก)ก *) & Wmin =Wp =0.672
0.0746A B
ก)!*ก)ก * $ & Wmax =
h
0.0746x ( 20x20 ) 20
Wmax =
40
Wmax =3.33
ก)!*ก)ก *2%2ก)ก * 0.672 ". 3.33 )
)# 4.2 ก,ก)!*ก)ก *) & !/ $ & ก

)ก *ก) '!*ก& ! *$)( & 0.26x0.26x16.00 ) /#/#ก
))ก *ก 0.40 )
ก * Wp = 0.26x0.26x16.50x2.4=2.676
3
ก)!*ก)ก *) & Wmin = Wp =2
4
0.0746A B
ก)!*ก)ก * $ & Wmax =
h
0.0746x486x 26
Wmax =
40
Wmax =4.621
ก)!*ก)ก *2%2ก)ก * 2.676 ". 4.621 )
4.6 , 26ก ก

)ก *ก/#/ 30 -)') (blow count) !//#/ *
2ก)ก 10 &# (last 10 blows) ",(&ก $)ก)ก * % Danish
Gate Janbu !/ Hiley &) 4.9 4.10 4.11 !/4.12
- 150 -
4.9 $)ก)ก *
!& % $) ก, #)

1 Danish ehW ehLW
Qu= C=
S+C 2AE
2 Gate ehW  1  e = 0.75
Qu=40 log  
100  4S 
3 Hiley Whz W+Pn 2 C= C1 +C 2 +C3
Qu= C ×
W+P 1.8QuL 2
S+ C1 =
2 A
0.72QuL
C2 =
A
3.6Qu
C3 =
A
z = 0.80
4 Janbu Wh P
Qu = C=0.75+0.15
KS W
 λ 
K =C  1+ 1+ 
 C
WhL
λ=
AES 2
4.10 # !/# !ก3,C $)ก)ก *
!ก3,C # # !ก3,C $)ก)ก *

Danish Gate Hiley Janbu
A +)& *)ก cm2 cm2 cm2
C / '1'ก $ #+! cm cm
2ก)ก *
C1 ก#)ก/ cm
*
- 151 -
4.10 ()) # !/# !ก3,C $)ก)ก *
!ก3,C # # !ก3,C $)ก)ก *

Danish Gate Hiley Janbu
C3 ก#)&'', cm
!/2) *
E
&$! #&#ก) T/ cm2 T/ cm2 T/ cm2
e / '1'0+ก2%!$ก)
!/ก
h /#/#ก))กก cm cm cm cm
*
n / '1'ก"#กก
))ก(# *
&#8

L # * cm m m
L2 & m
*
P ก * T T
Qu กก $ & T T T T
*
Qa กก!&0# T T T T
*
S /#/ *t!#)ก cm m cm cm
)ก.
W ก))ก * T T T T
z / '1'0+กnw
)ก * !/ก)ก
- 152 -
4.11 / '1'ก"#กก))ก(# *
/0 * & * n
*ก) '!*ก 8+! )'ก 0.40

8( * 0.25
*( 8+! )'ก 0.50
8( * 0.30
*!*ก 8+! )'ก 0.50
8( * 0.25
(/ 0'+/), 2537, 362)
4.12 / '1'0+nw)ก * !/ก)ก
%'&ก)ก z
)ก!#&#(ก 1.00
)ก!#&#!& !' !/ก 0.75
single acting stream hammer 0.80
double acting stream hammer 0.85
diesel hammer & hydraulic 1.00
(' '1'ก$!, 2544, 6-7)

- 153 -
) # 4.3 * ก ) ' !* ก & ! * $ ) ( & 22x22
'!!') # 7.00 ) /#/#ก))ก * $ 40 -)') ก))ก *
2.4 )
&$! #&# 2x103 )))-)') *กก $ & 45 )
,ก)ก *) $) Danish
ehW
Qu=
S+C
ก))ก * W= 2.4 )
/#/#ก!$ก) h= 40 -)')
/ '1'0+ก2%!$ก) e= 0.75
*กก $ & Qu= 45 )
+)& * A= 386 )-)')
# * L= 700 -)')

&$! #&#ก) E= 2x103 )))-)')
ehLW
/ '1'ก $ #+! C =
2AE
0.75x40x700x2.4
C =
2x386x2x10 3
C =0.18
!2 $)
ehW
Qu =
S+C
0.75x40x2.4
45=
S+0.18
S=1.42
/#/ *2ก)ก 1.42 -)'))
/#/2ก)ก 10 &# 14.2 -)')
30
ก)ก)/#/ 30 -)') = 21.12 ≈ 22
1.42
8!ก, $!(ก)ก *
)กก/#/ 30 -)') ≥ 22
/#/ *2ก)ก 10 &# ≤ 14.2 -)')
- 154 -
)# 4.4 * ก ) ' !* ก & ! * $ ! # ) ก!
& SH-525x525 '!!') # 7.00 ) /#/#ก))ก * $ 0.50 ) ก
))ก * 5 ) *กก $ & 50 ) ,ก)ก
*) $) Gate
ehW  1 
Qu=40 log  
100  4S 
ก))ก * W = 5 )
/#/#ก!$ก) h = 50 -)')
/ '1'0+ก2%!$ก) e = 0.75
*กก $ & Qu = 70 )
!2 $)
ehW  1 
Qu=40 log  
100  4S 
0.75x40x2.4  1 
70=40 log  
100  4S 
1
1.278= log  
 4S 
1.278= log1-log4S
log4S= -1.278
4S= 10 -1.278
S = 0.013 ))
/#/ *2ก)ก 1.3 -)'))
/#/2ก)ก 10 &# 13 -)')
30
ก)ก)/#/ 30 -)') = 23.07 ≈ 24
1.3
8!ก, $!(ก)ก *
)กก/#/ 30 -)') ≥ 24
/#/ *2ก)ก 10 &# ≤ 13 -)')
- 155 -
)# 4.5 *ก)& & 0.20x0.20x7.00 ) /#/#ก))ก

* $ 0.40 ) ก))ก * 2.4 ) *กก $ & 50 )
,ก)ก *) $) Hiley
Whz W+Pn 2
Qu= C x
S+ W+P
2
+)& * A = 400 )-)')
ก))ก * W = 2.4 )
ก * P = 0.67 )
/#/#ก!$ก) h = 40 -)')
/ '1'0+nw2ก)ก z = 0.80
# * L = 7.00 )
( * L2 = 0.10 )
/ '1'ก"#กก))ก(# *
&#8 n = 0.25
*กก $ & Qu = 50 )
*กก!&0# Qa = 20 )
/ '1'ก $ #+! C = C1+C2+C3
1.8 QuL 2 1.8 x 50 x 0.10
C1 = = = 0.0225
A 400
0.72QuL 0.72x50x7.00
C2 = = = 0.63
A 400
3.6 Qu 3.6 x 50
C3 = = = 0.45
A 400
Whz W + P n 2
!2 $) Qu =
C x W+P
S+
2
2.4x40x0.8 2.4 + (0.67x0.25 2 )
50 = (0.0225 + 0.63 + 0.45) x
S+ 2.4 + 0.67
2
/#/ *2ก)ก S = 0.67 -)'))
/#/2ก)ก 10 &# 6.7 -)')
- 156 -
30
ก)ก)/#/ 30 -)') = 44.77 ≈ 45
0.67
8!ก, $!(ก)ก *
)กก/#/ 30 -)') ≥ 45
/#/*2ก)ก 10 &# ≤ 6.7 -)')
)# 4.6 * ก ) ' !* ก & ! * $ ! # ) )
& 0.20x0.20x7.00 ) /#/#ก))ก * $ 40 -)') ก))ก *
2.4 )
&$! #&#ก) 1.8x103 )))-)') /#/ *2ก)ก
)ก 1 -)') !&0# (FS) ก 2 ,กก $ & !/
กก!&0# * ) $) Janbu
Wh
Qu =
KS
+)& * A = 400 )-)')
ก * P = 0.67 )
ก))ก * W = 2.4 )
/#/#ก!$ก) h = 40 -)')
/ '1'0+nw2ก)ก z = 0.75
# * L = 7.00 )
P
C=0.75+0.15x
W
0.67
C=0.75+0.15x
2.4
C=0.79
WhL
λ=
AES 2
2.4x40x700
λ=
400x1.8x10 3 x12
λ =0.09
 λ 
K =C  1+ 1+ 
 C
- 157 -
 0.09 
K =0.79  1+ 1+
 0.79 
K =1.62
!2 $)
Wh
Qu =
KS
2.4x40
Qu=
1.62x1
Qu = 59.25
Qu
Qa=
FS
59.25
Qa= =29.62
2
8!ก, $!(ก)ก *
*กก $ & ก 59.25 )
*กก!&0# ก 29.62 )
4.7 ก ก
ก
ก)ก *ก)&#nw !#ก/ ก )กs')'&
4.7.1 ก '22+ก

ก!&ก) *ก) '!*ก !/ *ก)&
" (2% (& )ก ! & /! #ก)ก (#กก ! & /! #
ก)# 28 & )#$ก/ก)& 85$#Cก!
15 -)') $ 30 -)')
&#2%$-)CC) !&C/0 1
ก!&ก) *ก) '!*ก !/ *ก)&
" (2% (& )ก ! & /! #ก)ก (#กก ! & /! #
ก)# 7 & )#$ก/ก)& 85$#Cก!
15 -)') $ 30 -)')
&#2%$-)CC) !&C/0 3
- 158 -
4.7.2 ก +ก '22+ก

ก& ก!&ก)0 '1ก) *
ก ) ก * ก ) (2%
&#5 # ! กก ก/ ก s' ก' '#
/ก!& ก!&ก) (!# )กs')'
&
4.7.2.1 ก'& &!+8' *ก)2) ก
& +8' *ก)# +2ก&& ก!&ก)
(!# 8 +8' *ก)(&)*+
4.7.2.2 ก &) ก& ( !# ) ! / & /#/
3 -)') ## 9 &
4.28 กก&) ก& ก!&ก) (!#
4.7.2.3 & ก!ก) (!# !$ก $&
ก!ก) (!# "$ก!# )tกก+8'ก) # K ก&!$ก $
& ก!ก) (!#ก/+8'ก))) ) K
## 9 & &0+ 4.29
- 159 -
4.29 ก& ก!&ก)0
4.7.2.4 . ก / ก!

&# $ ! / ก! ( &
t!# !/ #)
&#ก)& $ & !/) &ก t!# /
ก! ( & #ก กu ! ก ! & ก) / & ก ! &
ก) (!#
4.7.3 ก ก

ก)ก *ก) '&#+',) )ก *',2ก!ก
#ก )กs')' &
4.7.3.1 & /#/ & #ก!# * (# *
& )2 &#%!Cกกก ก/#/ 30 -)') 2ก K %#
##%# 3.00 ) &#
4.7.3.2 ##!กก# 1 2 3 ................. n ก%/#/ 30 -)')
&#')#!#(#!ก ก&!# *(# * &0+ 4.30

- 160 -
4.30 ##!กก *ก)
4.7.3.3 2%!& !'กnw)ก *!ก *ก)(#)

)ก)ก -.'1ก)ก * 2 '1 &
1) ก)ก * !&' '1ก *ก))ก!
2) (&ก&( &0+ 4.31 (&ก)ก *)ก& ก)ก
* !&' &'"$ก *ก) /!ก& 8!ก/
)
# -. ก)ก * !&' / ก " ก
(ก!ก#%% !/2%#2ก"$กกก)ก *ก. !&'
4.31 &(ก&) )ก *

- 161 -
2) ก)ก *ก. !&' (prebored) '1ก/&'2

$2) )ก)ก *ก) !ก)ก *ก)!( '1ก
*ก)!(2&'(&!.ก !/!&'ก!ก&#ก'1ก
ก)ก * !&' !&8!ก/)
# -. ก)ก *
ก. !&'/ ก "ก 2ก!#%% &0+ 4.32 !/ 4.33
4.32 /&') )ก *ก
4.33 $/ ก)ก *ก. !&'

- 162 -
4.7.3.4 +',!ก) )ก *ก)','#

+!&8!ก/ *!( !&'
&#nw)ก *ก))))
&(ก&( ) &' * 2 & & !/&
&#
!$ก&') &0+ 4.34 !* #%ก(!!$ก&'+ก#)
*2ก #%ก!$ก&' &0+ 4.35
)
!$ก&'
4.34 !$ก&')
*
)
%ก(!
4.35 ก) &' *ก)&#!$ก&'

- 163 -
4.7.3.5 /& " ) /& ) ) * ก )
&#/&"+8' *ก)# ก !+',) uก!

/&" ก) uก!(#$2) )ก! 2# *ก)
#$)กกuก! % ) uก!#(&2# *ก)
#(&-# ) uก!##$ก.ก! &0+ 4.36
4.36 ก) /& *) )&#/&"
4.7.3.6 & ( ' & ก!&! *
ก)
&#2%)!)&/#/& *ก ก X # 1.00 ) !/
&/#/& *ก)ก ก Y # 1.00 ) ) )ก&(
&0+ 4.37
&( ( ก Y)
1.00 )
&( ( ก X)
*
1.00 )
4.37 &(&ก!&! *

- 164 -
4.7.3.7 ก/ D * ก * !/

&ก *2 ( * 10 -)') )!*ก)ก *
4.38 ก/ D *
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- 165 -
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)ก *)ก&( ก,#ก)!*ก)ก * $กก& 2 *
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- 166 -
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#2 ก& /#/ก&) *ก 2

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2. /#/ก &#2 *)ก8'&) (ก' 5 -)')
('5ก " /5(# 2+/%$"0C, 2536, 10)

- 168 -
)# 4.7 ก)ก *ก) '!*ก& ! *$ !#) )
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- 169 -
0.06
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4.7.3.13 /& * )ก. #$ n # 0+ &'

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4.14 ).กก)ก *
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 Pile Pile N S E W
Top Tip
4.8 ก 2+&2
ก
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- 173 -
4.8.1 +2&2
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## 0.10 m
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## ts = 0.10 )
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= -1.40-0.10-0.10
= -1.60 )
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= -1.40+0.10
= -1.30 )
- 174 -
4.8.2 ก 2+&2
ก
ก)& *ก)%#2 *ก)/&#(!#
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- 175 -
± 0.000
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- 176 -
4.8.2.5 ก&!#ก) (demolition hammer) ' ก& *
ก ) )/& -1.30 ) #( / ก2% ก& !#
ก)/&/(2 *ก)/&)ก -1.30 ) ก'&ก ##
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- 177 -
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)# 4.10 ,/#/#5$#C *ก!

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- 183 -
1) ,/#/!&! * &) 4.15
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4.10 8
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%

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$@

$$,-!
5.50 :#@

$$,-! :
$กA
- 224 -
6) **
$-ก:* =
$$,-!! ! %

$$,-! " 5.51

$-ก:* =
%!%=
$$,-!
$$,-!!
5.51 **

$-ก
$,-!!
7) ** !* ก* ,$$,-!

$-ก

$-กtก )

4
!* ก*
$-กtก
5.52 ก** !* ก*

- 225 -
5.7.1.3 กก

ก ก,$$,- ! ' + * 9*A
!,
*

1) $ !

ก ก $:;
B # # 25 ,

ก ก
:" * 5.7 ก$!

กก%*# * ! * ก * ,$$,- !
=!$ก
ก 0.25 !$!** '! %**=!

$ก
ก 2 '! )ก$!

กก
*=:
5.7 ก$!

กก$$,-!%*#
ก$!

กก$$,-!
1 2
0 0
25 25
50 50
75 75
100 100
50 125
0 (***) 150
175
200 (*)
150
100
50
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2) ก<

กก 1 ?ก<(A$! (***) $:;
$ 12 '! %#ก<

กก 2 ?ก<(A$! (*) $:;
$ 24 '!
3)

กก
1 %# 2 ก 1 '! )
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# 0 ? ก <(A $ ! (***) ก<

ก )
ก# * ก
*
*=!$ก
12 '!
- 226 -
5.7.2 ก 'ก

' 5
ก'ก (&!6 8 *
กก

กก,$$,-!' +9*A (dynamic pile
load test) $:;
ก:#$!
ก

กก,$$,-!*!!*
ASTM D-4945
. $:;
+ ก$$,- ! $- %#:# ) 'ก %%# !$-
)ก??(#

!$
,(#!ก:ก#%ก,ก*!$-ก !
ก

กก,= $$,-!*ก%#$$,-!$)# !,
*
ก

5.7.2.1 $!%#:ก(A
กก

ก,
$$,-!' +9*A !#$

1) $:#! @ก (pile driving analyzer)
2) ??( !$ (strain transducers)
3) ??( !$ (accelerometer sensors)
4) *!$-ก*ก$$,-! *
ก$

!$

5) :>y
)
*ก$$,-!กก*!$-ก

ก
6) ! ก $$,-!*!$-ก*ก$$,-!
7)
=wwR$)#
ก*
5.53 $:#! @ก

(Pile dynamics europe ab, 2008)
- 227 -
??(
!$
??(
!$
5.54 ??( !$%# ??( !$
5.7.2.2 + ก ก

ก ก ,$$,-!' + 9*A
!,
*

1) ก$$,-!' +9*A ! 2 $

(1.1) ก %ก (initial test) $:;
ก$$,-!*ก
$$,-!$)#' +9*Aก##ก* ,$$,-!
(1.2) ก. (restrike test) $:;
ก$$,-!*ก
$$,-!$)#' +9*A "@
ก %ก 3 5
$!
ก!
$ก#ก
@ $$,-! )($:$ก@ก %ก
2)

=wwR $)## $

ก * ##)ก $$,- ! 2
3 $,$
@
9
Aก$$,-! $** ??( !$ *%

ก
@
,
$$,-!
# 1 9*,!ก
3)

=wwR $)## $

ก * ##)ก $$,- ! 2
3 $,,
$$,-! $ * * ??( !$ * %

ก
@
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# 1 9*,!ก
4) $!* ??( !$ %# ??( !$

$,ก$:#! @ก
5)
ก#:

$$,- ! !ก !! ก
$$,-!

! ก $$,-! =!

- 228 -
6) ก*!$-ก*ก$$,-! :>y

)
ก !##ก*!
=ก
= ก:*!$-ก!ก#%ก!
$$,-!%*# ก*
,$$,-!%#
ก
??( !$
7)

??( !$
ก:#$!
ก

ก,$$,-!
$#A ':%ก! capwapc (case pile wave analysis program continuous) $:ก

กก,$$,-!
*!$-ก*ก$$,-!
2 3 $,,
$$,-!
S1 A1
$$,-!
5.55 กก

ก,$$,-!' +9*A
??( !$
??( !$
5.56 ก** ??( !$%#* %:??( !$"

!
- 229 -
*!$-ก*ก$$,-!
$$,-!
ก*
%'
%$
5.57 กก

ก,$$,-! +9*A"
!,$$,-!*ก
*!$-ก*ก$$,-!
$$,-!$)#
5.58 กก

ก,$$,-! +9*A"
!,$$,-!$)#
- 230 -
5.7.3 ก ' '%/*

ก !!(A,$$,-! (integrity testing of pile) $:;
ก
ก" +ก
!$
@
=:
$$,-!)กก$#
%

??(
#
ก,
! $#A%:@ (seismic integrity testing)
ก !! (A , $$,- ! $:;
+ ก *!!*
ASTM D-5882 !#,ก$ก,

,$$,-!* B $
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%*ก !
!
ก !!(A , $$,- ! = $$,-! *ก %#
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5.7.3.1 $!%#:ก(A
ก !!(A,$$,-! !
#$

1)
,

ก 0.5 4.1 ก'ก! (hand held hammer)
2) ??(
!$
(accelerometer transducer)
3) $
ก%#:#! @??( (pile integrity tester)
$
ก%#:#! @??(

??(
!$
%$-ก
กA
5.59 $! !!(A,$$,-!

(Piletest, 2008)
- 231 -
$
ก%#:#! @??(

??(

!$
%$-ก
กA
5.60 $! !!(A,$$,-!%=

(Piletest, 2008)
5.7.3.2 ก
ก !! (A , $$,- ! $$,- ! *ก
$$,- ! $)#* @
* # $$,- !
'ก @
ก * $ # %
:9)ก*#ก

v
@ %#
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ก 5
5.7.3.3 +ก !!(A,$$,-! !,

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1)
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กก

@ $%#%

2)

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3) ก( $ $,- ! $ ($ก %*ก
ก * "=!
! !=! * $
,$

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? ?()#$ก ก#
ก %#
ก = !

$
ก??(%#%@ก
4) %: ? ?(
#
ก ,
!
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(velocity) ก$ (time) $
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,$$,-!
%* B * 5.8
- 232 -
5.8 !$-

$$,-!

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($!**
)
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ก*% 4,000 4,200
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ก*
3,600 3,800
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1.00 0.60 3
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($ $

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3)
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6) )(
!!(A (β) * 5.10
5.10 $*$:$ก !$,$$,-!

!!(A ",$$,-!
(β)
0.90 1.00 !(A
0.80 0.90 $$-ก

0.60 0.80 $
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($ $

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5)
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ก%#:#! @??(
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pile integrity tester
$$,-!
5.61 ก !!(A,$$,-!

- 234 -
5.62 ก !!(A,$$,-!$)#"

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5.8 .
$$,-!$)#$:;
ก$$,-!%

กก

%%ก
=*
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%%%#$$,-!$)#%$:Qก '$$,-!$)#%%#:,$$,-!

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*ก $ก
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%#=! #
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ก $$,- ! $)#
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"ก$$,-!$)#% $-) !ก,ก,$$,-!$)#

ก !!(A ,$$,- ! %#ก

ก ก ,$$,-! ' +
*9*A +9*A
- 235 -
-''CDก' 5
1. )ก$!%#:ก(Aก$$,-!$)##!,
2. )ก,%#,$,$$,-!$)#
3. ก

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A=
4. ก#$$ก-

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5. )+กก$$,-!$)##!,
6. )+กก$$,-!$)##$)#!
7. )ก !%*ก*,$$,-!$)#%%%#$$,-!$)#%$:Qก

8. #$
'=
A

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กก,$$,-!' +*9*A
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6

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กก

ก
ก

!ก" #" "$% &&" '(ก)ก**

ก
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,%("!#
&&
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&"ก ' - ก * *#%(ก
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ก '+กก"&

ก,$ก
.%%)
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ก
* 0"&* 0"&" "$กกก"ก
ก "

ก 0"& 0"&" "$กก
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ก
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6.2.1
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ก !
ก-$%-,%ก 10 ก
-
ก( ก 7 ก.1179 2-2536 ก( ") &
) 6 #
ก*"

ก (
ก " -
ก
&ก"+1444&" 300 '0 540 ก,ก
ก 1 +ก3ก4

ก( &#
ก +ก3ก4กก0 "$กกก"*ก"
- 238 -
27 ก&
&
ก( &#
ก +ก3ก4) 28 "*ก"
30 ก&
6.1
6.1 กก( &

ก +ก3ก4
6.2.2 'กก(ก
"$กกก" (pc strand) ! ก
ก
"$กก
4+ %(" 7 (pc strand 7 wire) "$กก 1 &ก
ก "$ ก ก 6 ก "! " &&! " ก "( &
-ก&"ก

"
ก"# 6.2 10 ก.420-2540 ก(
7"$กกก"!, 7 6.1
6.2 "$กกก" 7

- 239 -
6.1 7"$กกก"!, 7
!,
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ก56&2 &()
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3+4 &) &)
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+ ) ,+%4 ,+%4
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& 0.1 & 0.2
&) ก,," ก,,"
. .. .. ก & ก,,"
7 9.3 1720 51.6 405 88.8 72.8 75.4
9.5 1860 54.6 432 102 83.6 86.6
10.8 1720 69.7 546 120 98.4 102
11.1 1860 74.2 580 138 113 117
12.4 1720 92.9 729 +4 160 131 136
12.7 1860 98.7 774 -2 184 151 156
15.2 1720 139 1101 239 196 203
15.2 1860 139 1101 259 212 220
7 12.7 1860 112 890 209 178 184
+4
15.2 1820 165 1295 300 255 264
-2
18.0 1700 223 1750 380 323 334
(ก&" )ก. (ก 7-,6P4)ก, 2540, 3)
6.2.3 *('กก(ก
"$กกก" (galvanized sheat) 3%ก+" *(X,ก,,ก
ก&"$กกก" ก56&-," &กก56&ก"

'(+ ก, 0"&" "$กกก" ก
ก
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ก %
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- 240 -
6.3 "$กกก"
6.2.4 ,(-.&

*
YZ4-*Y[,
*( *
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YZ4Y[,
(%(" 2 ก56&-,"* (
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YZ4#7 ก" 4 Y) " 8 Y)
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10 15 & 18 ,, 6.4
6.4 *

YZ4
(,," ,ก, 2551)
- 241 -
6.2.5 !'กก(ก
0"$กกก" (anchorage) -,%ก$ก&,],
&
)6 0"$กกก"'' **(ก"& 90 # 0
+ ) * ก 0 " (unbondeded) 0 "$ ก ก ก "&ก "
!,"(
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( (anchor guide) ก56&+ $กก" +
0 +-- ! ก&กกกY0,ก#
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( ,$ก0"$กกก" 6.5
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(1- , 2550)
6.2.6 *00
,, (polyethylene) ก56&( '

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,, + (high density polyethylene, HDPE) !
,(
& ,, ( (low density polyethylene, LDPE)
' *( ! (+ & กก5 6.6 &
6.2
- 242 -
6.6 ,, (
6.2 ,, (
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LDPE16 16 1.2 200
LDPE20 20 1.5 200
LDPE25 25 1.9 200
LDPE32 32 2.4 200
LDPE40 40 3.0 200
LDPE50 50 3.7 200
()%,
4!, 2550)
6.2.7 $2

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6.7
6.2.8
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%ก , , *"ก!"
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7 &"+ 4 !) &
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6.8
6.8

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6.2.8.2
(walking frame) (%ก$กกกก" ก56&
2
!0,ก (!0ก
"& 6.9
6.9

6.2.8.3
กก (cross brace) (%ก$กกกก" ก56&
+*#"กก 0%)) (0
6.10
6.10
กก
6.2.8.4 # (pin) (%ก$กกกก" ก56& (

"#ก# #
6.11
- 245 -
6.11 #
6.2.8.5 7 &* (jack base) (%ก$กก &ก"
- 7 ก ก " "
"+ ( ( ก %ก#

6.12
6.12 7 &*
6.2.8.6 7 &"+ (u head) (%ก$กก &ก"

ก ก""
"+ (ก"+ ((ก)ก #

6.13
6.13 7 &"+

- 246 -
6.2.9 8
ก(
'(
ก" '.k
ก ')ก 6

% ก & (
ก , " ' ก 56&ก( # '(
ก
" ก #ก (ก)ก&ก #(
กก*
l 6.14 &ก ก( # '(
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", ! *Yก, * ` '(
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ก" *ก" 10 &"* 10 ก56& !'(
ก"

ก
+ ก" 10
ก ! ก( "'(
ก
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ก)"#
กกก"
ก"*&
ก( &
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6.14 '(

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(Directindustry, 2008)
- 247 -
6.3 กก*!(

ก

กก
ก 0" #กX,,
,%,)กก 3 #
6.3.1 กก*!(

ก
กก
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%'0 #ก
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6.3.1.2
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(ก&ก $ก"

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( $ % + * ก

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6.3.1.3 "
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6.15 "

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- 248 -
6.3.1.4 " *#$

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!"-+ก$ก0 *#$ ก
$กก 6.16
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- 249 -
6.17 กก#&+ก" 0*

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6.17 ก&+" 0*

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6.3 #&+ !ก*

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15 2 '0 2 1/4
18 2 '0 2 1/2
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- 251 -
6.3.1.11 " $ก, &ก $ก+%) !$ก#

#-3+4ก 12 ,, !
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# $ ก # ก ) ก && " ' ก
&"& ก-+ก$ก&ก 'ก !&ก "$กก#
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0.10 10 -,7 ก. 926-2533 ("$กก#0 $!
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$ก&ก &&
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+ก)
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6.20 " +ก)ก&ก $ก#
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,
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6.21 " +ก)ก&ก "$กก#

- 252 -
6.3.1.12 $ก,l" (drop panel) &ก"$ก, &

$ก, 10 (ก" $ก, l"ก !" 2& 0
ก,%ก4"ก !$ก# !
)6 SD 40 (#-3+4ก &
""# $ก# ,%6*%กก 6.22
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6.22 " $ก, l"
6.3.1.13 ก(
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0 $ก
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ก ( "# ก *ก $ ก ก %'0 &
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$กก"$กก#-3+4ก 9 ,, !
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# $กก" 15 1, 10 $ ก, ก &," %ก# #
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- 253 -
$กก" $ก,ก
6.23 $ก,ก&,
6.3.1.15 "$ ก ก ก "# * "$ ก ก
ก" ก"" ก)" (tendon)
6.3.1.16 " ก)"&กX ก)"0,ก
#0 (bar chair) && # #0 ก*ก, 1.00 6.24 #0(ก(
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- 254 -
6.3.1.17 (ก&& (recess former) ("$กกY 6.25

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6.26
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6.26 , ( &ก,*#

- 255 -
6.3.1.19 0 # ก)"ก&&0 (onion end)

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- 256 -
6.3.1.21 %ก" ก)" l", $ก, !"

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6.3.1.22 , $ก, 2" (shear stirrup) 6.30

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6.30 $ก, 2,"6"

- 257 -
6.3.1.23 ก(&
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YZ4 (
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ก "
6.32 10 ก%&(
ก#0* l , 44-#*

-, " $ก (
ก
ก - ( ! " m %0 * !
ก
)6 ก( (
ก-ก44) ,
ก"*
6.3.1.26 (
%
ก & %) %) " % *
ก", ! m &0 #0! m 6.33

ก*Y ก3#0
"% ก) %)ก&& 10 1, *
"%)"%%-,"
ก( ,
#0 ( , #0 " ""ก, ก% * - , "6-, "
ก " ( 1 4 + #0 ก(

ก &
"#
ก
- 258 -
%
ก$%(*-,"
ก &*&ก(
*"
6.32 ก(

ก" ก(
6.33 ก(

ก"
%
ก
6.3.1.28
ก)
24 !" (ก
ก !&ก
+` (
ก 10
ก , ! ก
ก " ", ] ก
ก&n!)(
)" # (& -,"
ก
- 259 -
6.3.2 ก

ก
ก
ก ก -
"
0 %ก
"$กกก"*+
ก
"
#
6.3.2.1
ก) 3 '0 5 " ( "
ก+ +ก3ก4

ก( &
ก กก0 "$ก ก ก " 10
ก( &
ก *ก" 27 ก&

-+กก(*" %0 ''*
# &'ก&&0,ก# * 6.34
6.34 'ก&&$กก%ก

ก
6.3.2.2 ! "
ก ก, %กก'ก&&$ ก ( 0
%("+ ก%(""$กกก" 6.35 &ก,ก( o.
+
ก
0
6.35 0 %(" 4 +

- 260 -
6.3.2.3 ,$ก (jaw) 10 ก56&-1ก 2 1ก +0 (

&
,$ก 0%"$กกก" 6.36
( 0
,$ก
6.36 ,$ก0%ก)"
6.3.3.4 ( # 0 "$ ก ก ก " (

0 "&
.k *t,
- ก " 0 "$ ก ก ก " ก,
"
0 %ก
"$ ก ก ก "*+
ก
"
, % 6
0 ก &(
"$กกก"%กก%ก" (pressure gauge)
0 "&.k*t,
&"&&ก (elongation) # "$กกก""*$ก 6.37 10
0 %ก"&"&&ก
ก ก*ก,& 5 "$กกก"
-ก0 ! (`ก564ก(*"
6.37 ก

ก"
0 "&.k*t,
(1- , 2550)

- 261 -
6.3.3.5 "$กกก"-ก0 " (

%(ก
"$กกก""ก,ก ( "$กกก" %ก
0"$ กกก"*ก"0 # -3+4ก "$กกก "
6.38 & 6.39
6.38
%"$กกก"
(1- , 2550)
6.39 "$กกก"-ก

- 262 -
6.3.3.6 )Z! " # 0"$กกก" "ก(44

2Z l กก"10# (+&l ก,กก"$กกก"
6.40 & 6.41
6.40 44Z! " # 0"$กกก"

(1- , 2550)
6.41 2 -,"44

- 263 -
6.3.3 ก
$5

ก
ก
ก ( ก ( + # *
! " ก)" )! " &" "$กกก"ก"$กก
ก" - ก, 0"&"
กก"$กกก"&l กกก,
,"$กกก" #
6.3.3.1 "%ก)# (
ก(, #*
' ' Z )ก "
*)'(ก(+* ก6 ) ก*#("*YYl%&
#* ) "(ก"%ก)# "ก(
ก(,
#* ก
6.3.3.2 (( &# * !& o)n 35
ก (
"
& ก)"
6.3.3.3 " -&
) 6 , # ( + ) ! " ก) "
& 6.4
6.4 "-&

)6,# (+
"-# (+
)6,# (+
1. +1444&0 1.
" 11 '0 18 ",
2. (& 2. ก"# ( 2 '0 4 41$4
3.
- ,7 3. ก#"# (+&6 4 41$4
ASTM C 494 ( ,
"' 4. ก#$ " 12 !"
ก*&ก#"# (+) 5. ก( # " # 5x5x5 1,
) 7 &28 " *ก" 55 ก,ก
1,
(",3"ก' &3* &!+'4, 2547, 33)

- 264 -
6.3.3.4 ",]ก-(+ ,"ก,(& ' -

, " +1444&0
"
) "(+14
*ก, 0.45 &
- , *- ก" #ก" 2
6.42 & 6.43
6.42 ' -(+
6.43 (+ ' -
6.3.3.5 Z "4 " ( + ' -*- &ก "$ ก 4 8
(#! &ก " 2.38 ,,) ก (+* +' ก (*#! "
ก)" 6.44
- 265 -
6.44 (+(#! " ก)"
6.3.3.6 ก(+- #* ก)""

(+
6 ก, ก 1, ( &%( + $ 10 , % 6%ก
(+* ) ก$&(3%ก(&Y ก3 %0 ก
""-+ก$ก 2 6.45 & 6.46
6.45 ก(+-

(1- , 2550)
- 266 -
6.46 กก """-+ก$ก
6.3.3.7 (++ ก)"ก,ก#$ "&#" ,& 4

( ก,
0""$กกก"ก
ก '' %ก(ก)ก
* 0 0"$กกก" "
6.3.3.8 ก(+$% (ก'&

( * !
ก ! '* &(
(
ก
%ก"
ก%& yก( *$ 6.47
6.47
($ก
(
ก
(1- , 2550)
- 267 -
6.4 !"$
กก
ก 0 "&ก

]6& ก&& &" กก"( %(" ! !ก"
'
"+ &" !#
' ,%("!#

#ก(
ก & 0"
,

" " $ ก , " ก) "
ก ก &ก ( +
)ก#
"
)&"% &'"
" %(
` #
ก 0 "
ก0 "
$กกก" 10 ก -
"
0 *+
ก
"
10 ก"
ก
'(ก)ก*
0 ก&("
ก" ,%6*%ก
0 # "#
0 "&.k*t,
&"&&ก
0# "$กกก" 10 ",]ก ก*ก,& 5
ก$%
( ก ( + ( + # " ก) "( ก,
0 "&"
"$กกก"ก
ก
- 268 -
9:ก 6
1. % ],'0 ก56&"$กกก" 7

2. % กกก#
ก
3. % ],'0 #&##
ก
4. % ก
"ก # 0 ก ( #
5. % ก'0 ", ]ก ! & ( &ก & '&
ก #
ก

6. % ก)-'0 ก, 44-#*
-," $ก(
ก
7. % ],'0 &!4# ก(+#* ก)"
8. % ],#(
ก 0"
9. % ก)-ก"$กกก"
ก
"
)
)6+, "*ก, 200 311
10. % ก)-# m ( &
ก

ก '+กก"
&
ก,$ก
7
ก
ก
ก ก
7.1 !
ก
กก
ก ก
ก ! "ก! #$ %& ' $ ก ( )#ก ! "! % ก#& '( ! *" ก$

!"
+&' !ก ,-
.'$'$ ก!"#&'/ ' ก!"ก
ก$' ก!"!"0!ก1.$'#&' $0+!2 #0&'1!"
*$* $'& 3 *" #&'ก1!"#0&'* +$ $%
/-2#&'
+/4/'!"0"0 $ / '$'#!$'%, * ก!#!ก$'*
$'/'#04ก
#&'ก$'#04ก
'
5ก &'"
กกก
$+.#
5ก!"!"0!ก1.$'
#&' $ * #04ก
#04ก+ %. $'#04ก'!ก
$'%, ,-!%ก#0$2'$'$ ก!" $ # ก
" "#&'#0&'1!"
'" $# ก
"+#!"ก !"ก$' %&'0"+$ $/'!"ก$'
+/-26%17ก
*" '$"
"# 7.1 1!"#0&' กก!"

(Woodsage holdings, 2008)
- 270 -
7.2 %&"'()*&+ก
"! +! " ก$ ' K0
6! . L #04 ก ! 2 ! " ก0 0/'+! "
ก$' K0
#04ก " ก! M7 + %.. 2543 %$"! +! "ก$ '
K0
6!.L#04ก"&'+ %.. 2551 ก$"&'+ %.. 2543 '0 243.80 "$
"&'+ %.. 2551 ,&2'K0
6!.L#04ก
.$ก!"&'+ %.. 2543 ' $

%
/-2'ก '0 243.80 "!6% 7.2
"# 7.2 "! +!"ก$' K0

6!.L#04กก!M7"&'+ 2543
(ก%.
, 2551)
กK0
6!.L#04กก/!!/-2'$$'&' K + #04กK ก#"# 0ก+
,&2'K0
6!.L#04ก"
" "!!2 /'ก
ก!#ก$' - '
"#
,&2' +K0
6!.L#04ก!!/-2$K0กก!ก$' "S%ก$'
'$#$"
ก' ()#/"#&'K0ก*0"0 $ก$' '$#$
ก0K !# %
+K0
6!.L#04ก!/-2
ก! /' $K0# +
ก$ ' /-2 !2 2
1! ! #ก$ ' ' #
5 ก /$ /! " +"
5
- 271 -

# !"ก&'ก#!"!" %&'%
'ก" ก/$/!" +ก0
+/!2#&'%
K0ก*ก
7.3
ก
ก
กก
ก ก
ก !"ก!#$ %&' $ก ()#กก!ก!"
&'ก !"!%ก ,-'$
'$ ก!"# *" ! " "'/ '0ก$K ' ก!"
*" '#4
+ก$/'0&'ก$3 $ "/'#$ "ก()#
!%ก 0/ ' ก!"กT
!
$ก !/'()#0
+#"
5ก
+.
-ก''ก!0/%&' ก!"
/!2'"!
6% 7.3
()# !%ก / ' ก!"
!/'()#

+#+.

"# 7.3 '+ก'+!)/'ก

7.3.1 -.
ก
กกก
ก$' $+.#
5ก!"!"
# ก
"
5
6%"#&'#0&'1!"# '" +%
./!2 -()#
ก
* '"+0 ' ก!
7 +! ) /'ก

0'""!2 (5
) , 2549, # 68)
7.3.1.1 +$' (certainty) #+$ '/ '0/'!/'
()#ก +$!!"
$ +$ +$!"ก$' !"'$ ก*$'#$
$'#$
7.3.1.2 $ก*" (divisibility) #+$ +$/'!!"
ก!
ก
+$! 4#&'
ก4*" $ +'ก 1,000.80
- 272 -
กK!" ก&2'"

K 15.2 ก. 'ก+'/'
+$!$ 3 4 $ #04ก !
# 0&'ก
5ก+.ก
4
7.3.1.3 +!"$ (proportionality) #+$ ก00+$!
$ K0ก$ '! '& '! $ $ '!2 ก^ #0/ ' ก! "
$ $ 1 + S*" 8 $ 50 + S*" 400

7.3.1.4 / " ก!*" (addibility) #+$ K0*" กกกก!
/'ก
ก$3 $ ก^# Z = 50X1 + 100X2 #- กS X1
' $+$ 50 $กก$''
7ก$' !) X2 ' $+$
100 &'+$กSก!กก$''
7ก! ' $+$!2#" 50(X1+ 2X2)
7.3.1.5 !*$
"0 (nomegatirity) #+$ !ก!/'!
/'()# '+$กก$#&'$ก! +$!
"0*$*" &'" 5ก
#&'
กT
!
+$0!2*$#K0 $ กK0

+ #&'*$K0

+ +$0
7.3.2 ' .

/0*
!/'()#ก/ '0!2#"/'()# 'ก#K00!%5
# '$+.
!/'()#ก'" 3 $ +&' ก^#
/ ' ก!" 0!*$0 0'""!2
7.3.2.1 ก^# (objective function) 0!ก1.ก %&'
"+!%!5/' ก* %&'# ก#"^#ก*"#&' " ,- '
0&'กก#"^#" /ก^#*" "!2
Maximize Z = C1X1+ C2X2+kkk.+ CNXN kkk.(7.1)
Minimize Z = C1X1+ C2X2+kkk.+ CNXN kkk.(7.2)
7.3.2.2 / ' ก!" (constraints) "/ '0/ ' ก!"$ 3 /'!%ก'$
/'ก #&''ก +'' *" #0+' ,-+'#0$2'$
6 / ' ก!"$ 3 ก#"# "ก^#!!"
$#$+'!2#"
/'ก"/'/$ +'"+'"" !$ 3 !
.
- 273 -
#& '+$ /'( ! '$ ก! ""กก #"/'ก#& ''ก /'/$ /'( )#
// ' ก!"*" "!2
a11X1+ a12X2+kkk.+a1nXn = b1 kkk.(7.3)
a21X1+ a22X2+kkk.+a2nXn > b2 kkk.(7.4)
a31X1+ a32X2+kkk.+a3nXn < b3 kkk.(7.5)
7.3.2.3 !*$
"0 (non-negative) 5ก
กก$' ก"

+$0!2 *$#K 0 "!!2! ก! '+$กก$#&'$ ก! /
!*$
"0*" "!2
Xj ≥ 0 (j = 1, 2k..n) kkk.(7.6)
!'$ 7.1 ! /'( ) #ก *! # ' " /'
1!
กo1p5
ก ก!" ,-/ "
ก!# ' "/''+ 4 '+ +&'
'+ A B C 0 D %&' %!ก'!''ก #$ # ' "'$'+"ก!
.
!ก$$ก! $# ' "$'+
.!ก$ก$ก! ,-
+$ $ก!ก$# ' " "! 7.1 0 7.2
7.1 # ' "$0'+
&''+ # '
A 35
B 30
C 40
D 30
- 274 -
7.2 ++$ก$# ' "
+$ $ก!ก$# ' " .

ก!ก$ ($'# ') ()
A B C D
1. ก&2' 11,000 10,000 6,000 5,000 450,000
2. 7,000 6,000 4,000 3,000 380,000
3. t^%" 20,000 12,000 12,000 9,000 550,000
4. *uu^ 10,000 9,000 9,000 2,000 290,000
ก*$'# ' 75,000 62,000 50,000 35,000
1) ก^ # +& ' ก! # ' %! ก '+$ 0 #0!
ก# '%&'# *" ก*" ".+$ $ก!# '%!ก!2 4 ก +&'
%
"!2# $ 0*uu^ 1,670,000 ,-/!2'
ก/ก^# "!2
(1.1) ก#"! # ' " 'ก!!2 4 '+
X1 = # ' " 'ก!/''+ A
X2 = # ' " 'ก!/''+ B
X3 = # ' " 'ก!/''+ C
X4 = # ' " 'ก!/''+ D
(1.2) 'กK0ก*"ก!# '%!ก "!!2 'ก#"
ก^# Maximize
(1.3) ก^ # 'กK0ก*" "!!2 %
.ก *$ '# '
/'# ' "'+$ 3 "!2
# ' "'+ A K0ก*$'# ' 75,000
# ' "'+ B K0ก*$'# ' 62,000
# ' "'+ C K0ก*$'# ' 50,000
# ' "'+ D K0ก*$'# ' 35,000
"!!2ก**" กก/# ' " '+ A B C 0 D $ก! 75,000X1+
62,000X2+ 50,000X3+ 35,000X4
- 275 -
ก^# Maximize Z=75,000X1+62,000X2+50,000X3+35,000X4
2) / ' ก!" +&' # ' "ก!+$ $ก!# ' " /!2'
ก// ' ก!""!2
(2.1) # ' "$0'+ "!/ '0 7. 1
X1 ≤ 35 ( # ' " '+ A)
X2 ≤ 30 ( # ' " '+ B)
X3 ≤ 40 ( # ' " '+ C)
X4 ≤ 30 ( # ' " '+ D)
(2.2) +$ $กก$# ' "!2 4 ก "!/ '0 7. 2
11,000X1+10,000X2+6,000X3+5,000X4 ≤ 450,000 (ก&2')
7,000X1+6,000X2+4,000X3+3,000X4 ≤ 380,000 ()
20,000X1+16,000X2+12,000X3+9,000X4 ≤ 550,000 (t^%")
10,000X1+4,000X2+9,000X3+2,000X4 ≤ 290,000 (*uu^)
3) / 'ก#"/'!+$*$
"0 #+-ก!# ' "!2
4 '+
1! กo1p5
ก ก!" ' !"
0&'ก! # ' "'+"
'+#-#&'!#0'+ก! ,- ' # ' "ก!กก$#&'
$ก! // 'ก#"/'!"!2
X1 X2 X3 X4 ≥ 0
4) !/'()#/'!'$ 7.1

(4.1) ก^#
Maximize Z = 75,000X1+62,000X2+50,000X3+35,000X4
(4.2) / ' ก!"
X1 ≤ 35
X2 ≤ 30
X3 ≤ 40
X4 ≤ 30
11,000X1+10,000X2+6,000X3+5,000X4 ≤ 450,000
- 276 -
7,000X1+6,000X2+4,000X3+3,000X4 ≤ 380,000
20,000X1+16,000X2+12,000X3+9,000X4 ≤ 550,000
10,000X1+4,000X2+9,000X3+2,000X4 ≤ 290,000
(4.3) !*$0
X1 X2 X3 X4 ≥ 0
!'$ 7.2 !/'()#

5ก!"* '!"0!ก'/" 4x8 u
"!6% 7.4 !"* '!"0!ก'/" 'ก "! 7.3 #!*ก$K!
" * '!"0!ก' '"
"# 7.4 * '!"0!ก'

(

! %0
ก, 2551)
7.3 /"* '!"0!ก' 'ก
/" 'ก

(u) (K$)
3x4 30
3.5x4 50
- 277 -
1) ก^# +&' 0&'ก

5ก!"* '!"0!ก'/" 4x8 u ''ก
K$/" 3x4 u 30 K$ 0/" 3.5x4 u 50 K$ " * '!"0!ก'
'" /!2'ก/ก^# "!2
(1.1) ก#"!
5ก!"* '!"
X1 =
5ก!"* '!"0!ก' 1 "!6% 7.5
X2 =
5ก!"* '!"0!ก' 2 "!6% 7.6
X3 =
5ก!"* '!"0!ก' 3 "!6% 7.7
4 u
3 u 3 u 2 u

8 u
"# 7.5
5ก!"* '!"0!ก' 1
4 u
3.5 u 3.5 u 1 u

8 u
"# 7.6
5ก!"* '!"0!ก' 2
- 278 -
4 u
3.5 u 3 u 1.5 u
8 u
"# 7.7
5ก!"* '!"0!ก' 3
7.4
5ก!"* '!"0!ก'$ 3
/"* '!"0!ก' 'ก

5ก!"* '!"0!ก'
(u) X1 X2 X3
3x4 2 - 1
3.5x4 - 2 1
1* '!"#0&' 2x8 u 1x8 u 1.5x8 u
(1.2) ' ก

5 ก ! " * '! " 0! ก '" ! % ก
'" "!!2ก#"ก^# Minimize
(1.3) ก^#
'ก
5 ก!"* '!"0!ก'" !%ก ' "
"!!2%
.
5ก!"* '!"0!ก' ,-
5ก!"* '!" 3 +&' X1+X2+X3
ก^# Minimize Z = X1+X2+X3
2) / ' ก!" +&' /"* '!"0!ก' 'ก" 7.3
0K00!%5
5ก !"* '!",-" 7.4 // ' ก!" *" "!2
2X1+X3 ≥ 30 (* '!"0!ก' /" 3x4 u)
2X2+X3 ≥ 50 (* '!"0!ก' /" 3.5x4 u)
- 279 -
3) / 'ก#"/'! '+$*$

"0 #+-
5ก!"* '!"0
!ก' !2#" 3
5 ' !"
0&'ก
5ก!"
5"
5#-#&'ก
5ก! ,-ก
5ก!"
' * '!"0!ก'ก!"กก$#&'$ก! // 'ก#"
/'!"!2
X1 X2 X3 ≥ 0
4) !/'()#/'!'$ 7.2

(4.1) ก^#
Minimize Z = X1+X2+X3
(4.2) / ' ก!"
2X1+X3 ≥ 30
2X2+X3 ≥ 50
(4.3) !*$0
X1 X2 X3 ≥ 0
7.4 ก ! (*%&&'#4

ก
!/'( )#ก
* *+.#K00!% 5
+$!$ 3 /'!()#/'ก
*" 3
5 +&'
5กu
5,
%04ก,
0
5ก+'%
'4 ,-2/'ก0$-ก+.#K00!%5ก

"
5กu0
5ก+'%
'4 0'""!2
7.4.1 4ก 5
ก+ .#K00! % 5 ก
"
5 ก u
5 ก + .
/ *" $ *$0!,!, ' ##!!/'()#!*$ก
2 ! $ก.
!ก
2 ! '0&'ก
5ก+.#K00!%5ก
"
5,
%04ก,#&'

5ก+'%
'4 /!2'"!2
7.4.1.1 !/'()#
7.4.1.2 ก#"ก' &' X1 0ก!2 &' X2
7.4.1.3 / ' ก!"ก/ ' กu
- 280 -
7.4.1.4 / ' ก!"#0/ ' '#

.%&2$ก!/'+'
7.4.1.5 0&'กK00!%5"" "%
. ก!/'()#
!'$ 7.3 'ก,&2'* ก4* ก"!

.*$ก
10,000
"%
.0&'ก,&2'* /" 1 1/2 x3
2 0/" 2x4
2 ,-/ '0+ #$
* "! 7.5 ก,&2'* '
.* /" 2x4
2 *$ 'ก$ 20
0กกu 0
.* ก4* ก"!# ก" +.#K00!%5ก

7.5 + #$*
/"* +*

(
2) ($'0กกu)
1 1/2 x3 210
2x4 215
1) !/'()#
(1.1) ก^ # +&'
.*
.*$ ก

10,000 ก#"!
.* /" 1 ½ x3
2 0/" 2x4
2 "!2
X1 =
.* /" 1 1/2xx3x
X2 =
.* /" 2xx4x
ก^# Maximize Z = X1+ X2
(1.2) / ' ก!" +&'
.*$ก
10,000 0
.
* /" 2x4
2 *$ 'ก$ 20 0กกu
(ก) / ' ก!"/'
.
210X1+215X2 ≤ 10,000
(/) / ' ก!"/'
.* /" 2x4
2
X2 ≥ 20
- 281 -
(1.3) / 'ก#"/'! '+$*$

"0 #+-
5ก0&'ก,&2'
* K ,&2'' !"
,&2'* /" 2x4
2 /""$!2 #&',&2'*
/" 1 1/2x3
2 0* /" 2x4
2 ก! ,- ' * ,&2'กก$
#&'$ก! // 'ก#"/'!"!2
X1 X2 ≥ 0
2) ก#"ก' &' X1 0ก!2 &' X2 "!6% 7.8
X2
X1
"# 7.8 กกu (/ ' 7.3)
3) / ' ก!" ก/ ' กu"

5ก+&'#$ก!
(=) 0/ ' ก!"'ก+&'#กก$ (≥) #&' 'ก$ (≤) %&'+.#+$
%
ก!"
(3.1) / ' ก!" 1 210X1+ 215X2 ≤ 10,000
210X1+ 215X2 = 10,000 kkk.(7.7)
ก#"# X2 = 0 *" K00!%5 X1 = 47.62 *" +$%
ก!" (47.62, 0)
∴ "!"ก X1 +&' (47.62, 0)
ก#"# X1 = 0 *" K00!%5 X2 = 46.51 *" +$%
ก!" (0, 46.51)
∴ "!"ก X2 +&' (0, 46.51)
- 282 -
X2
46.51
X1
47.62
"# 7.9 "!"ก X1 0 X2 /'/ ' ก!" 1 (/ ' 7.3)
(3.2) / ' ก!" 2 X2 ≥ 20

X2 = 20 kkk.(7.8)
∴ "!"ก X2 +&' (0, 20)
X2
46.51
20
X1
47.62
47.62
"# 7.10 "!"ก X1 0 X2 /'/ ' ก!" 1 0/ ' ก!" 2 (/ ' 7.3)
4) / ' ก!" 2 / ' +.#+'/'ก"/'/$!2#"'$

%&2 ABCDE +.#+$ "!" " D "/ ' ก!"!2 2 / ' ก ก
- 283 -
X2
C (0, 46.51)
B (0, 20) D
X1
A (0, 0) E (0, 47.62)
47.62
"# 7.11 +$%

ก!" ABCE (/ ' 7.3)
210X1+ 215X2 = 10,000 kkk.(7.7)

X2 = 20 kkk.(7.8)
ก#"# (7.8)x215 215X2 = 4,300 kkk.(7.9)
(7.7)-(7.9) 210X1 + 0 = 5,700
X1 = 27.143
+$ X1 = 27.143 (7.7)
210x27.143+ 215X2 = 10,000
215X2 = 4,300
X2 = 20
+$%
ก!" " D $ก! (27.143 , 20)
X2
C (0, 46.51)
B (0, 20) D (27.143, 20)
X1
A (0, 0) E (0, 47.62)
47.62
"# 7.12 +$%

ก!" ABCDE (/ ' 7.3)
- 284 -
5) 0&'ก+'"""/'/$!2#"'$%&2 ABCDE +$

ก^# Maximize Z = X1+ X2 "!" 7.6
7.6 +$/'ก^# "$ 3 (/ ' 7.3)
" (X1, X2) +$/'ก^#

Maximize Z = X1+ X2
A (0, 0) 0
B (0, 20) 20
C (0, 46.51) 46.51
D (27.143, 20) 47.143
E (47.62, 0) 47.62
&'%
.+$/'ก^# " A B C D 0 E %$ " D "
# +'# +&' +$ Z '"+0 'ก!ก^#0/ ' ก!" K00!%5
ก,&2'* "! 7.7
7.7 K00!%5ก+.

.*
* /" +*

.* +
(
2) ($'0กกu) (0กกu) ()
1 1/2x3 210 27.143 5,700
2x4 215 20 4,300
47.143 10,000
6) %
.K00! % 5 7.7
. 10,000 *,&2 '
* /" 1 1/2x3
2
. 27.143 0กกu 0,&2'* /" 2x4
2
.
20 0กกu
- 285 -
!'$ 7.4 ก"

$'#04 ก'! ก /" K$ ก 0 1
2
"!6% 7.13 t(ก$ 3 "!"$'#04ก'!ก+ 4
100 $' 0+ 1.30 200 $' +.#K00!%5ก

6.00 .
"# 7.13 +/'$'#04ก'!ก
1) !/'()#
(1.1) ก^ # +& ' ' ก
5 ก ! " $ ' #04 ก '
!ก " !%ก '" "!2
(ก)
5 ก ! " $ ' #04 ก '! ก 1 (X1) +& ' ! "
+ 4 1 $' !"+ 1.30 1 $' #0&'1 0.70
1 $' "!6% 7.14
4.00 . 1.30 . 0.70 .

6.00 .
"# 7.14
5ก!"$'#04ก'!ก 1
(/)
5 ก ! " $ ' #04 ก '! ก 2(X2) +& ' ! "
+ 1.30 4 $' #0&'1 0.80 1 $' "!6% 7.15
- 286 -
1.30 . 1.30 . 1.30 . 1.30 . 0.80 .

6.00 .
"# 7.15
5ก!"$'#04ก'!ก 2
ก^# Minimize Z = X1+X2
(1.2) / ' ก!" +&'

.$'#04ก'!ก0
5ก!"
$''!ก "! 7.8 0 7.9
7.8 /"+$'#04ก'!ก 'ก
+$'#04ก'!ก
.$'#04ก'!ก
() ($')
1.30 200
4 100
7.9
5ก!"$'#04ก'!ก
+$'#04ก'!ก
5ก!"$'#04ก'!ก
() X1 X2
1.30 1 4
4 1 0
1 0.7 0.8
(ก) / ' ก!"/'$'#04ก'!ก + 1.3

X1+4X2 ≥ 200
- 287 -
(/) / ' ก!"/'$'#04ก'!ก + 4

X1 ≥ 100
(1.3) / ' ก #"/'! ' +$ *$

" 0 #+-
5 ! " $ '
#04ก'!ก!2#" 2
5 ' !"
0&'ก
5ก!"
5"
5#-#&'ก
5ก!
,- ก
5 ก ! " '
.$ '#04 ก '! ก ก!"กก$ #& '$ ก!
// 'ก#"/'!"!2
X1 X2 ≥ 0
2) ก#"ก' &' X1 0ก!2 &' X2
X2
X1
"# 7.16 กกu (/ ' 7.4)
3) / ' ก!" ก/ ' กu"

5ก+&'#$ก!
(=) 0/ ' ก!" 'ก+&'#กก$ (≥) #&' 'ก$ (≤) %&'+.#
+$%
ก!"
(3.1) / ' ก!" 1 X1+ 4X2 ≥ 200
X1+ 4X2 = 200 kkk.(7.10)
ก#"# X2 = 0 *" K00!%5 X1 = 200 *" +$%
ก!" (200, 0)
∴ "!"ก X1 +&' (200, 0)
ก#"# X1 = 0 *" K00!%5 X2 = 50 *" +$%
ก!" (0, 50)
∴ "!"ก X2 +&' (0, 50)
- 288 -
X2
50
X1
200
"# 7.17 "!"ก X1 0 X2 /'/ ' ก!" 1 (/ ' 7.4)
(3.2) / ' ก!" 2 X1 ≥ 100

X1 = 100 kkk.(7.11)
∴ "!"ก X1 +&' (100, 0)
X2
50
X1
100 200
"# 7.18 "!"ก X1 0 X2 /'/ ' ก!" 1 0/ ' ก!" 2 (/ ' 7.4)
4) / ' ก!" 2 / ' +.#+'/'ก"/'/$!2#"'$

%&2 ABCDE +.#+$ "!" " C "/ ' ก!"!2 2 / ' กก ก
- 289 -
X2
B (0, 50) C
X1
A (0, 0) D (100, 0) E (200, 0)
"# 7.19 +$%

ก!" ABDE (/ ' 7.4)
X1+ 4X2 = 200 kkk.(7.10)

X1 = 100 kkk.(7.11)
(7.10)-(7.11) 4X2 = 100
X2 = 25
+$ X2 = 25 (7.10)
X1+ 4x25 = 200
X1 = 100
+$%
ก!" " C $ก! (100, 25)
X2
B (0, 50) C (100, 25)

X1
A (0, 0) D (100, 0) E (200, 0)
"# 7.20 +$%

ก!" ABCDE (/ ' 7.4)
- 290 -
5) 0& 'ก+ ' " " " /'/$ !2 #"'$ %&2 ABCDE
+$0ก^# Maximize Z = X1+ X2 "!" 7.10
7.10 +$/'ก^# "$ 3 (/ ' 7.4)
+$/'ก^#
" (X1, X2)
Maximize Z = X1+ X2
A (0, 0) 0
B (0, 50) 50
C (100, 25) 125
D (100, 00) 100
E (200, 0) 200
&'%
. ก+$/'ก^# " A B C D 0 E %$ " C
"# +'# +&'# +$ Z '"+0 'ก!ก^#0/ ' ก!" *"
"! 7.11
7.11 K00!%5ก+.$'#04ก'!ก
K0ก!" 1$'#04ก'!ก

5ก!" $' $'#04ก'!ก
4.00 1.30 0.70 0.80
X1 100 100 $' 100 $' 100 $' -
X2 25 - 100 $' - 25 $'
125 100 $' 200 $' 100 $' 25 $'
6) %
.K00!%5 7.11 $'#04ก'!ก/"
K$ก0 1
2 6 125 "0&'ก
5ก!"$'#04ก'!ก
X1 100 00&'ก
5ก!"$'#04ก'!ก X2 25
- 291 -
7.4.2 4
ก # ! +: ;
กก ( )#"
5 ก u / ' ก! "& ' ! "*$ ก
2 !
$
5,
%04ก,'!o1p/'
ก, #+$!*" *$ ก!" $
5ก+.,2 3
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'
4 $+.+'ก
$ Lindo, Qm for windows, Winqsb
,-2/'ก0$-ก+'%
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7.4.2.1 ก+'%
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ก%!~" Howard J. Weiss ก+.+'" ก
+#

.
*" !2#" 19 ! $ ก
0'ก/$ 0'กก#"
0'/$ก*#0 กK+ก" %
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7.4.2.2 ก+'%
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1)
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(1.1) (taskbar) ก" Start
(1.2) 0&'กu0"' Programs
(1.3) 0&'กu0"' Qm for windows ก ก"!
/ $ก "!6% 7.21
- 292 -
"# 7.21 ก+'%

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2) ก0&'ก
ก"0&'ก Module / $ก0&'ก "!6% 7.22 กTก
0&'ก#!
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(linear programming)
ก
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(assignment) o1pก!"
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!/'()#/'ก
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4
(integer programming) "+$K00!%5ก+.''ก 4 $ก

(linear programming) "+$K00!%5ก+.#$$'-#0!ก

- 293 -
"# 7.22 ก0&'กก+'%

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"!6% 7.23
(3.1) 0&'ก File
(3.2) 0&'ก New
4) ^'/ '0ก/ 'ก+.ก

"!6%
7.24
(4.1) Title #- &' ^' &'61*#&'
61'!กo1
(4.2) Number of constraints #- / ' ก!"!/'
()# ^'/ '0*" #$ 2 - 90 / '
(4.3) Number of variables #- !!/'
()# ^'/ '0*" #$ 2 - 90 !
(4.4) Objective #- ก^# # 0&'ก 2 ก +&'
Maximize (+$") ก! Minimize (+$")
- 294 -
(4.5) Row names #- &'0"!/'/ ' ก!"

(4.6) Column names #- &'0"!/'!
"# 7.23 # $ก+.ก

"# 7.24 / '0!/'()#

- 295 -
!'$ 7.5 กก$' +/ '# "!6% 7.25 20 + #04กSก
/" 50x50x5
00
+ 6.00 +.#K00!%5/'ก

" !%ก '"
1.3
4
0.90
4.00
"# 7.25 +/ '##04กSก 50x50x5

00

1) !/'()#
(1.1) ก^# +&' 0&'ก
5ก!"#04กSก/" 50x50x5
00

6.00 %&'* +/ '# #04กSก '" "!2
(ก)
5ก!"#04กSก 1 (X1) +&' !"+ 4
1 $' !"+ 1.34 1 $' #0&'1 0.66 1 $' "!6% 7.26
4.00 m 1.34 m 0.66 m
"# 7.26
5ก!"#04กSก 1
(/)
5ก!"#04กSก 2 (X2) +&' !"+ 4
1 $' !"+ 0.90 2 $' #0&'1 0.20 1 $' "!6% 7.27
0.20 m
4.00 m 0.90 m 0.90 m
"# 7.27
5ก!"#04กSก 2
- 296 -
(+)
5 ก! "#04ก Sก 3 (X3) +&' !"+ 0.90
6 $' #0&'1 0.60 1 $' "!6% 7.28
0.90 m 0.90 m 0.90 m 0.90 m 0.90 m 0.90 m 0.60 m
"# 7.28
5ก!"#04กSก 3
()
5 ก! "#04ก Sก 4 (X4) +&' !"+ 1.34
4 $' #0&'1 0.64 1 $' "!6% 7.29
1.34 m 1.34 m 1.34 m 1.34 m 0.64 m
"# 7.29
5ก!"#04กSก 4
( )
5 ก ! " #04 ก Sก 5 (X5) +& ' ! " + 1.34
3 $' ! "+ 0.90 2 $ ' #0& '1 0.18 1 $ '
"!6% 7.30
0.18 m
1.34 m 1.34 m 1.34 m 0.90 m 0.90 m
"# 7.30
5ก!"#04กSก 5
(S)
5 ก ! " #04 ก Sก 6 (X6) +& ' ! " + 1.34
2 $' ! "+ 0.90 3 $ ' #0& '1 0.62 1 $ '
"!6% 7.31
- 297 -
1.34 m 1.34 m 0.90 m 0.90 m 0.90 m 0.62 m
"# 7.31
5ก!"#04กSก 6
( )
5 ก ! " #04 ก Sก 7 (X7) +& ' ! " + 1.34
1 $' ! "+ 0.90 5 $ ' #0& '1 0.16 1 $ '
"!6% 7.32
0.16 m
1.34 m 0.90 m 0.90 m 0.90 m 0.90 m 0.90 m
"# 7.32
5ก!"#04กSก 7
ก^# Minimize Z = X1+ X2 +X3+ X4+ X5+ X6 +X7
(1.2) / ' ก! " +& '

.#04 ก Sก ' ก0
5 ก ! "
#04กSก "! 7.12 0 7.13
7.12 /"+#04กSก 'ก
+#04กSก +/ '##04กSก /" 50x50x5

00

() 1 " 20 "
4 2 $' 40 $'
1.34 4 $' 80 $'
0.90 5 $' 100 $'
- 298 -
7.13
5ก!"#04กSก
+
5ก!"#04กSก
#04กSก X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7
()
4 1 1 - -
1.34 1 - - 4 3 2 1
0.90 - 1 6 - 2 3 5
1 () 0.66 0.20 0.60 0.64 0.18 0.62 0.16
(1) / ' ก!"/'#04กSก + 4

X1+X2 ≥ 20
(2) / ' ก!"/'#04กSก + 1.34
X1+4X4+3X5+2X6+X7 ≥ 80
(3) / ' ก!"/'#04กSก + 0.90
X2+6X3+2X5+3X6+5X7 ≥ 100
(1.3) / 'ก#"/'! '+$*$

"0 #+-
5!"#04กSก
!2#" 7
5 ' !"
0&'ก
5ก!"
5"
5#-#&'ก
5ก! ,-ก
5ก!" '

.#04กSกก!"กก$#&'$ก! // 'ก#"/'!"!2
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 ≥ 0
2) ^ ' / ' 0 ! /'( ) # +& ' ก^ # / ' ก! "
/ 'ก#"/'!+$*$
"0 0ก+'%
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- 299 -
"# 7.33 ^'/ '0!/'()#!'$ 7.5 0ก+'%

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"# 7.34 K00!%5!/'()#!'$ 7.5

- 300 -
4) '5
K00!%5
%
.K00!%5"!6% 7.34
.#04กSก/" 50x50x5
00

+ 6.00 65 "0&'ก
5ก!"#04กSก X1 40
5ก
!"#04กSก X5 7
5ก!"#04กSก X6 1 0
5ก!"
#04กSก X7 17 K00!%5ก+.
5ก!"#04กSก "!
7.14
7.14 K00!%5ก+.

5ก!"#04กSก

5ก!" #04กSก K0ก!"#04กSก/" 50x50x5
00

4 1.34 0.9
X1 40 40 $' 40 $' -
X5 7 - 21 $' 14 $'
X6 1 - 2 $' 3 $'
X7 17 - 17 $' 85 $'
65 40 $' 80 $' 102 $'
'ก 40 $' 80 $' 100 $'
ก
+ 'ก 0 $' 0 $' 2 $'
- 301 -
!'$ 7.6 กก$' 7ก F1 0 F2 "!6% 7.35 0 7.36 12 7
0&'ก#04ก/ '' ' DB 16 mm SD 40 + 10.00 +.#K00!%5/'ก

" !%ก '"
1 2 3
6.00 6.00
A F1 F2 F1
6.00
B F1 F2 F1
6.00
C F1 F2 F1
6.00
D F1 F2 F1
7.35 ก (

7.6)
7 DB 16 mm SD 40 9 DB 16 mm SD 40
7 DB 16 mm SD 40 9 DB 16 mm SD 40
1.50 1.50
0.30 0.10 0.30 0.10
0.10 1.50x1.50 0.10 2.00x2.00
DETAIL F1 DETAIL F2
"# 7.36 /7ก F1 0 F2 (

7.6)
- 302 -
1) !/'()#
(1.1) ก^# +&' 0&'ก
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' DB 16 mm SD 40
+ 10.00 %&'*7ก F1 8 7 07ก F2 4 7
#04ก/ '' ' '" "!2
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

1.40 1.90
#04ก
F1 #04ก
F2
"# 7.37 +#04ก/ '' '7ก F1 0 F2
(ก)
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' 1 (X1) +&' !"+ 2.26
4 $' #0&'1 0.96 1 $' "!6% 7.38
2.26 m 2.26 m 2.26 m 2.26 m 0.96 m
"# 7.38
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' 1
(/)
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' 2 (X2) +&' !"+ 1.76
5 $' #0&'1 1.20 1 $' "!6% 7.39
1.76 m 1.76 m 1.76 m 1.76 m 1.76 m 1.20 m
"# 7.39
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' 2
- 303 -
(+)
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' 3 (X3) +&' !"+ 2.26
3 $' ! "+ 1.76 1 $ ' #0& '1 1.46 1 $ '
"!6% 7.40
2.26 m 2.26 m 2.26 m 1.76 m 1.46 m
"# 7.40
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' 3
()
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' 4 (X4) +&' !"+ 2.26
2 $' ! "+ 1.76 3 $ ' #0& '1 0.20 1 $ '
"!6% 7.41
0.20 m
2.26 m 2.26 m 1.76 m 1.76 m 1.76 m
"# 7.41
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' 4
( )
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' 5 (X5) +&' !"+ 2.26
1 $' ! "+ 1.76 4 $ ' #0& '1 0.70 1 $ '
"!6% 7.42
2.26 m 1.76 m 1.76 m 1.76 m 1.76 m 0.70 m
"# 7.42
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' 5
- 304 -
ก^# Minimize Z = X1+ X2 +X3+ X4+ X5
(1.2) / ' ก!" +&'/"+#04ก/ '' ' 'ก0

5ก
!"#04ก/ '' ' "! 7.15 0 7.16
7.15 /"+#04ก/ '' ' 'ก
7ก +#04ก/ '' ' #04ก/ '' ' 7ก

() ($'$'7ก) (7ก) ($')
F1 1.76 14 8 112
F2 2.26 18 4 72
7.16
5ก!"#04ก#04ก/ '' '
+
5ก!"#04กSก
#04ก/ '' ' X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
()
1.76 - 5 1 3 4
2.26 4 - 3 2 1
1 () 0.96 1.20 1.46 0.20 0.70
(1) / ' ก!"/'#04ก/ '' ' + 1.76

5X2+X3+3X4+4X2 ≥ 112
(2) / ' ก!"/'#04กSก + 2.26
4X1+3X3+2X4+X5 ≥ 72
(1.3) / 'ก#"/'! '+$*$

"0 #+-
5!"#04ก
/ '' '!2#" 5
5 ' !"
0&'ก
5ก!"
5"
5#-#&'ก
5ก! ,- '
#04ก/ '' 'ก!"กก$#&'$ก! // 'ก#"/'!"!2
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 ≥ 0
- 305 -
2) ^ ' / ' 0 ! /'( ) # +& ' ก^ # / ' ก! "
/ 'ก#"/'!+$*$
"0 0ก+'%
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0&'กก$' Integer programming "!6% 7.43
"# 7.43 ^'/ '0!/'()#!'$ 7.6 0ก+'%

'4
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"# 7.44 K00!%5!/'()#!'$ 7.6

- 306 -
4) '5
K00!%5
%
.K00!%5"!6% 7.44 #04ก/ '' ' DB 16 mm SD 40 +
10 "0&'ก
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' X4 35 0
5ก!"#04ก/ '' '
X5 2 K00!%5ก+.
5ก!"#04ก/ '' ' "! 7.17
7.17 K00!%5ก+.

5ก!"#04ก/ '' '

5ก!" #04ก/ '' ' K0ก!"#04ก/ '' ' DB 16 mm SD 40
1.76 2.26
X4 35 105 $' 70 $'
X5 2 8 $' 2 $'
37 113 $' 72 $'
'ก 112 $' 72 $'
ก
+ 'ก 1 $' 0 $'
7.5
ก

5 ก !+.
+! %! 5
!/'()#0!ก1.
"!+%&'ก ()#0# / '0#!
!"
0&'ก
5ก"
"" $ +$ $"#&'ก*"
ก ก ก
ก$ '
" กก #"( ) #
!%ก / ' ก!" !/'()# 0
+##K00!%5 ,-/!2'+!)0 '
'!+0'"'+' +&' ก !/'()# ,-$K0# ก
+##K00!%5
/'ก
0&'ก
5ก"
""
ก
+# # K00! % 5 / '! /'( )#"
5 ก u / ' ก! "& '
!*$ก
2 ! "'!0ก+.#K00!%5 "!!2( ! -

+##
K00! % 5 / '! /'( ) #
5 ก+'%
' 4 0"/ ' ก! "
" !0+"ก"4ก+.#K00!%5
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<=ก*'> 7
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7+!)/'ก
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3. !/'()#/'ก
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0ก!'$%'!/
4. '5
#0!กก+.K00!%5ก
"
5กu
5. +.#K00!%5ก
"
5กu
ก^# Maximize Z = 8X1+6X2
/ ' ก!" 4X1+ 2X2 ≤ 40
2X1+ 4X2 ≤ 20
!*$0 X1 X2 ≥ 0
6. '5
#0!กก+.K00!%5ก
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ก^# Minimize Z = 3X1+2X2+4X3+4X4+X5+3X6
/ ' ก!" X1+ X2+ X3 ≤ 600
X4+ X5+ X6 ≤ 900
X1+ X4 ≤ 400
X2+ X5 ≤ 700
X3+ X6 ≤ 400
!*$0 X1 X2 ≥ 0
9. กก$' 7ก F1 "!6% 7.45 18 7 ก
'
5ก!"
#04ก
(#04ก
+ 10.00 ) %&'ก'+ 7ก " !%ก
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12 DB 20 mm SD 40
RB 12 mm SR 24 !"' 12 DB 20 mm SD 40
0.60
3.00x3.00
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software licence Qm
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Available : http://www.civil2.eng.kps.ku.ac.th/ecourse_files/foundation/chapter_3_3.htm
(2551, BC 23)
DE-F, G . (2550). cpac post-tensioned slab (*+
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Jก GIK K . (2538). /01+,ก2ก34
soil engineering construction. กI M : Library-nine publishing.
PG , ก. (2551). 80. [On-line]. Available : http://www.dor.go.th/
~bridge/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id= 29&Itemid=96&limit=
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