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Solution Workbook Practices of Elementary Teachers Manual 1
Solution Workbook Practices of Elementary Teachers Manual 1
Solution of Practices
b. 4+16
= 4+10+6
= 10+4+6
=10+10 (By “Completion or Non Completion Sutra” Of VM , 4 and 6
added to 10)
=20
c. 5+25
=5+20+5
=5+5+20
=10+20 (By “Completion or Non Completion sutra” of VM , 5and 5
added to 10)
=30
d. 13 +7
= 10+3+7
=10+10 (By “completion or Non-Completion of Sutra” of VM , 3 and 7
added to 10)
=20
e. 22+8
= 20+2+8
=20+10 ( By “Completion or Non Completion” Sutra of VM , 2 and 8
added to 10)
=30
f. 38+2
=30+8+2
=30+10 (By “Completion or Non completion “sutra of VM, 8 and 2
added to 10)
=40
g. 54+6
=50+4+6
= 50+10 (By “Completion or Non Completion “ Sutra of VM , 4 and 6
added to 10)
=60
h. 47+3
= 40+7+3
=40+10 (By “Completion or Non Completion” sutra of VM , 7 and 3
added to 10)
=50
i. 61+9
=60+1+9
=60+10 (By “Completion or Non Completion “ Sutra of VM , 1 and 9
added to 10)
=70
j. 85 + 5
= 80+5+5
=80+10 (By “Completion or Non Completion “ Sutra of VM ,5 and 5
added to 10)
=90
Practice B : Add the following.
a. 37+23 b. 42+28 c. 54+16 d. 49+21
e. 45+35 f. 72+18 g. 38+22 h.35+35
sol.
a. 37+23
= 30+20+7+3
=50+10 (By “Completion or Non-Completion “ Sutra of VM , 7 and 3
added to 10)
=60
b. 42+28
=40+20+2+8
=60+10 (By “Completion or Non-Completion “ sutra of VM , 2 and 8
added to 10)
=70
c. 54+16
=50+10+4+6
=60+10 (By “ Completion or Non- Completion “ sutra of VM , 4 and 6
added to 10)
=70
d. 49+21
= 40+20+9+1
=60+10 (By “Completion or Non- Completion “ sutra of VM , 9 and 1
added to 10)
=70
e. 45+35
= 40+30+5+5
=70+10 (By “Completion or Non- Completion “ sutra of VM ,5 and 5
added to 10)
=80
f. 72+18
= 70+10+2+8
=80+10 (By “Completion or Non-Completion “ sutra of VM , 2 and 8
added to 10)
=90
g. 38+22
=30+20+8+2
=50+10 (By “ Completion or Non-Completion” sutra of VM , 8 and 2
added to 10)
=60
h. 35+35
=30+30+5+5
=60+10 (By “Completion or Non-Completion” sutra of VM , 5 and 5
added to 10)
=70
c. 37+6
=37+3+3
=40+3 (By Deficiency sutra of VM , 37 is close to 40 and is 3 below)
=43
d. 28+6
=28+2+4
=30+4 (By Deficiency sutra of VM , 28 is close to 30 and is 2 below)
=34
e. 79+6
=79+1+5
=80+5 (By Deficiency sutra of VM , 79 is close to 80 and is 1 below)
=85
f. 38+7
= 38+2+5
=40+5 (By Deficiency sutra of VM , 38 is close to 40 and is 2 below)
=45
g. 57+7
=57+3+4
=60+4 ( By Deficiency sutra of VM , 57 is close to 60 and is 3 below)
=64
h. 69+4
=69+1+3
=70+3 (By Deficiency sutra of VM , 69 is close to 70 and is 1 below)
=73
d. 6 3 2 7 e. 5 4 9
5 8 4 1 8 2
7 4 3 3 1 7
…………………………… 2 4 1
6 15 14 1 4 7 2 6
………………………………. 3 2 1
76 5 4 …………………………
21 21 26
………………………..
2 3 3 6
d. 3 3 2 7 e. 2 4 2
2 5 7 7 1 8 8
5 8 5 1 1 5
3 8 3 2 4 3
…………………………. 7 9 6
5 16 25 2 2 3 2 1
…………………………. …………………………
687 2 16 2825
…………………………
1905
In a) 7 and 3 makes 10 ,added to 6 and 6 gives 22 . write 2 and carry
2. In tens column 4 , 3and 3 makes 10, added to 2 and then carry 2
gives 14 . write 14 .
b. 33+38
= 33+40-2 ( 38 and 2 makes 40 , a whole number multiple of 10)
=71
c. 48+35
=35+50-2 ( 48 and 2 makes 50 , a whole number multiple of 10)
=83
d. 27+34
=34+30-3 ( 27 and 3 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
=61
e. 33+28
=33+30-2 ( 28 and 2 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 61
f. 9+73
= 73+10-1 ( 9 and 1 makes 10 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 82
g. 18+19
= 18+20-1 ( 19 and 1 makes 20 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 37
h. 26+27
= 26+30-3 (27 and 3 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 53
Practice O :Try these subtractions using nearest multiple of 10
a. 44-19 b. 66-29 c. 88-49 d. 55-9
e. 52-28 f. 72-48 g. 66-38 h. 81-58
i. 83-36 j. 90-66 k. 55-27 l. 60-57
sol. a. 44-19
=44-20+1 ( 19 and 1 makes 20 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 25
b. 66-29
=66-30+1 ( 29and 1 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 37
c. 88-49
= 88-50+1 ( 49 and 1 makes 50 , a whole number multiple of 10)
=39
d. 55-9
= 55-10+1( 9 and 1 makes 10 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 46
e. 52-28
= 52-30+2 ( 28 and 2 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 24
f. 72-48
= 72-50+2 ( 48 and 2 makes 50 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 24
g. 66-38
= 66-40+2 ( 38 and 2 makes 40 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 28
h. 81-58
=81-60+2 ( 58 and 2 makes 60 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 23
i. 83-36
= 83-40+4 ( 36 and 4 makes 40 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 47
j. 90-66
= 90-70+4 ( 66 and 4 makes 70 , a whole number multiple of 10 )
= 24
k.55- 27
= 55- 30+3 ( 27 and 3 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 28
l. 60-57
= 60-60+3 ( 57 and 3 makes 60 , a whole number multiple of 10)
=3
LESSON 2
DOUBLING AND HALVING
b. 𝟐𝟖 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟖 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐
c. 33 × 𝟒 = 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐
d. 61 × 𝟒 = 𝟔𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟒
e. 18 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐
f. 81 × 𝟒 = 𝟖𝟏 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒
g. 16 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒
h. 16 × 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖
i. 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕𝟔 ( Doubling 3 times “ Proportionately “
sutra of VM)
j. 𝟒𝟓 × 𝟖 = 𝟒𝟓 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎
Practice E: Multiply the following.
a. 𝟖 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒 b. 11𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟖 c. 𝟏𝟗 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒
d. 𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟒 × 𝟒 e. 𝟓 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟖 f. 𝟗 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒
g. 𝟑𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒 h. 3𝟏⁄𝟒 × 𝟒
a. 56 b. 68 c.84 d. 180
e. 244
Divide by 8
f. 120 g. 440 h. 248 i. 216
j. 44
sol. a. 56 Divide by 4 ( Halving number two times “ Proportionately
“Sutra of VM)
= Half of 56is 28 , Half of 28 is 14
𝟓𝟔 ÷ 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟒
b. Half of 68 is 34 , Half of 34 is 17
𝟔𝟖 ÷ 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟕
c. Half of 84 is 42 , Half of 42 is 21
𝟖𝟒 ÷ 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟏
sol. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟕 = 𝟐 × 𝟖 × 𝟕 = 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟔 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐
b. 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟔 = 𝟐 × 𝟗 × 𝟔 = 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖
c. 𝟏𝟒 × 𝟕 = 𝟐 × 𝟕 × 𝟕 = 𝟐 × 𝟒𝟗 = 𝟗𝟖
d. 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟗 = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟗 = 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖
e. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟒 × 𝟕 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖 × 𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔
f. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟐 × 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟗𝟔
g. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟕 × 𝟗 × 𝟐 = 𝟔𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔
h. 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟗 × 𝟕 × 𝟐 = 𝟔𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔
sol. a. 5 is half of 10
𝟔𝟖 × 𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟔𝟖𝟎 = 𝟑𝟒𝟎
Practice N: Divide by 5
a. 65 b. 135 c. 375 d. 470
e. 505 f. 4005 g.1235 h. 7070
i.885 j. 49 k.52 l. 22.2
Practice O: Divide by 50
a. 650 b.1250 c.3300 d.8.8
e.44 f. 77
Divide by 25
g. 225 h .550 i. 44 k. 137
l. 6
sol. 50 is half of 100 , divide by 50 is double the number and then
divide by 100
a. Double of 650 is 1300 , Divide by 100 is 13
so 𝟔𝟓𝟎 ÷ 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟏𝟑
Divide by 25
25 is Half of half of 100 ,Divide by 25 is doubling a number twice
and then divide by 100
g. Double of 225 is 450 , double of 450 is 900
Divide by 100 is 9
So 𝟐𝟐𝟓 ÷ 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟗
k. Double of 6 is 12 , double of 12 is 24
Divide by 100 is 0.24
So 𝟔 ÷ 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒
LESSON : 3
DIGIT SUMS
Practice A: Find the Digit sum of the following numbers.
Practice C: Find Digit sums of the numbers below. Use casting out
9’s.
Number Digit Sum
39 3 ( cast out 9)
93 3 ( cast out 9)
993 3 ( cast out all 9)
9993 3
9329 3+2=5 ( cast out all 9)
941992 4+1+2=7 ( cast out all 9)
79896 7+8+6=21=2+1=3
Practice D: Use casting out 9’s to find the digit sum of the following
numbers.
Number Digit Sum
465 6 (4 and5 makes 9 cast it out 9)
274 4( 2 and 7 makes 9 cast it out)
3335 5( 3,3,and 3 makes 9 cast it out 9)
6193 1( 6,3 makes 9 cast it out all 9)
2532 3 ( 2,2,5 makes 9 cast it out)
819 9or 0( cast all 9, 1 and 8 makes9)
723 3( 7 and 2 makes 9, cast it out)
Practice G : Add the following and check your answers using digit
sum.
a. 6 6 12=3 b. 5 7 12=3 c. 9 4 13=4 d. 3 0 4 7
+ 7 7 14=5 + 2 9 2 + 5 8 13=4 + 2 7 1 1
…………………… ……………… …………………… …………………
13 13 7 16 14 12 575(17=1+7=8)
……………………… ……………… …………………..
14 3 (1+4+3=8) 86 (8+6=14=5) 152 (1+5+2=8)
e. 7 8 7 22=4 f. 3 8 9 11=2 g. 5 1 3 1 1 h. 4 5 6 6
+ 1 7 6 14=5 + 5 5 10=1 + 6 7 6 1 2 0 9 2
………………….. ………………….. ………………… …………………
8 15 13 3 13 14 5 7 10 7 6 5 15
………………….. ………………….. ………………… ………………..
963 (9) 444(4+4+4=3) 5807(5+8+0+7=2) 665 (6+6+5=8)
i. 555 5 20=2
+ 777 7 28=1
……………………
12121212
………………………………
13332 ( 1+3+3+3+2=3)
Practice H : Add the following and check your answer using digit
sum.
a. 3 5 3+5=8 b. 5 6 5+6=2 c. 3 5 3+5=8
+ 47 4+7=2 2 7 9 5 9 5
……………… ………………….. …………………….
7 12 7 13 8 14
……………… ………………….. ………………………
82 ( 8+2=1) 83 ( 8+3=2) 94 (4)
d. 5 2 5+2=7 e. 4 5 6 6 f. 1 8 8 1+8+8=8
2 4 2+4=6 3 33 9 2 7 7 2+7+7=7
……………………… ……………………………. ……………………….
7 6 ( 7+6=4) 7 8 9 ( 7+8=6) 3 15 15
……………………
465 ( 4+5+6=6)
j. 8 2 3 8+2+3=4 k. 3 7 6 0 (3+7+6+0=7)
3 7 3+7=1 4 8 1 (4+8+1=4)
………………… ………………………….
8 5 10 3 11 14 1
……………….. ……………………
8 6 0 (8+6=5) 4 2 4 1 (4+2+4+1=2)
g. 3 1 1 5 3+1+1+5 = 1 h. 1 4 2 8 5 7 9
× 3 3 × 7 7
……………………… ……………………………..
9 3 3 15 7 28 14 56 35 49
……………………. ……………………………….
9345 ( 3) 9 9 9 9 9 9 (9)
Colour all 1s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Colour all 2s
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Colour all 3 s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Colour all 4s
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Colour all 5s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Colour all 6s
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Colour all 7s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Colour all 8s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Colour all 9s
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
LESSON 4 LEFT TO RIGHT
a. 5 6 b. 8 8 c. 4 5 d. 5 4
+ 6 7 + 3 3 + 6 7 + 6 4
……………………. ………………. …………….. ……………..
11 13 11 11 10 12 118
…………………. ……………… ……………..
123 121 112
e. 3 9 f. 2 7 g. 7 7 h. 6 3
+ 4 9 + 5 6 + 8 8 + 7 4
……………. ……………… …………….. ……………..
7 18 7 13 15 15 13 7
………………… ……………… ……………..
88 83 1 6 5
d. 7 3 7 e. 3 4 5 f. 1 3 6 9
+ 1 3 9 9 3 7 + 3 8 8 3
…………………. ………………….. ……………………….
8 6 16 12 7 12 4 11 14 12
…………………. ……………………. ……………………….
876 1282 5252
g. 9 6 3 1 h. 4 4 4 4
+ 870 9 4 8 3 8
………………………. + 55 5
17 13 3 10 …………………..
………………………. 8 17 12 1 7
1834 0 …………………….
9 8 3 7
e. 7 8 f. 8 3 g. 6 4 2 h. 2 5 6
x 9 x 3 x 4 x 3
………………… ……………… …………….. ……………………
63 72 2 4 9 24 16 8 6 15 18
……………….. ………………….. ……………………
702 2568 7 6 8
i. 7 4 1 j. 2 2 3 k. 1 0 5 9 l. 8 6 3 1
x 3 x 9 x 7 x 4
…………………. ……………….. …………………… ……………………..
21 12 3 18 18 27 7 0 3 5 63 32 24 12 4
………………… ……………….. ………………….. …………………………
2223 2 0 0 7 7 4 1 3 3 4 5 2 4
m. 5 4 3 2 n. 4 0 9 7
x 8 x 7
…………………………. …………………………
40 32 24 16 28 0 63 49
…………………………. ………………………….
4345 6 2 8 6 7 9
Practice D : Multiply the following.
a. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖 b. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟐𝟒 c. 𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓
d. 𝟖𝟐 × 𝟑𝟓 e. 𝟔𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓 f. 𝟏𝟐𝟒 × 𝟒𝟓
g. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟓𝟒 h. 𝟓𝟓 × 𝟏𝟔 i. 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖
j. 𝟒𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓 k. 𝟏𝟑𝟐 × 𝟑𝟓 l. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖
𝟏 𝟏
m. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟒 𝟐 n. 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟑 o. £ 𝟒. 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟑𝟐
𝟐
sol. a. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟗 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎
(Using Doubling and Halving , double 15 and half 18 )
𝟏
m. Using Doubling and Halving , double 𝟒 𝟐 and half 16 , we get
𝟏
𝟏𝟔 × 𝟒 = 𝟗 × 𝟖 = 𝟕𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
n. Using doubling and halving , double 𝟑 𝟐 and half 24 , we get
𝟏
𝟐𝟒 × 𝟑 𝟐 = 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟖𝟒
sol. Applying All from 9 and last from 10 sutra of VM , subtract 4 and
4 from 9 and last 4 in ones place from 10 , we get 556.
sol. Applying All from 9 and last from 10 sutra of VM , ignore last 0
and take 7 as last digit . Subtracting 3 , 5 from 9 and last digit 7 from
10 , we get 6430
b. Ignore last 0 and take 2 as last digit . subtracting 9 from 9 and last
from 10 , we get 080 i.e 80
d. Ignore two zeros and take 3 as last digit , subtracting 3 from 9 and
last digit 3 from 10 , we get 6700
sol. Applying all from 9 and last from 10 , subtract 4 from 9 , 8 from
9 and subtract last digit 1 from 10 , we get 519.
Adding 481 and 519 we get base 1000
h. subtracting 9,8,7 from 9 and last digit 6 from 10 we get 0124 i.e
124
i. Subtracting 8 , 0 from 9 and last digit 8 from 10 we get 192
j. Ignore 0 and take last digit as 1 , subtract 7 from 9 last digit 1from
10 we get 290
k. ignore two 0’s and take last digit as 3 , subtract 6 from 9 and last
digit 3 from 10 we get 3700
sol. a. 1000 has 3 zeros and 86 is 2 figure number. Add one zero
before 8 then subtract 086 from 1000 we get 914
b. Add one zero and subtract 093 from 1000 we get 907
c. Add one zero before 3 and subtract 035 from 1000 we get 965
d. Add one zero before 6 and subtract 0678 from 10000 we get 9322
e. Add one zero before 3 then subtract 0353 from 10000 we get 9647
f. Add one zero before 1 then subtract 0177 from 10000 we get 9823
g. Add two zeros before 6 then subtract 0062 from 10000 we get 9938
h. Add two zeros before 8 and then subtract 0085 from 10000 we get
9915
i. Add 2 zeros before 8 then subtract 008 from 1000 we get 992
j. Add 3 zeros before 3 and then subtract 0003 from 10000 we get
9997
c. 9 is reduced by one to 8 . Apply all from 9 and last from 10we get
827
e. subtract 3 ( one more of 1st figure of 232) from 7 ( 1st figure of 700)
we get 4.
Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 32 we get 68
So 700 – 232 = 468
sol. a. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 234 we get 766
so £ 10 - £ 2.34 = £ 7 . 66
Practice I : Subtract
a. 1000 – 34 b. 1000 -474 c. 5000 – 542
d. 800 – 72 e. 1000 – 33 f. 5000 – 84
g. 700 – 58 h. 9000 – 186 i. 10000 – 4321
j. 200 – 94 k. 10000 – 358 l. 400 – 81
m. 7000 – 88 n. 900 – 17 o. 30000 – 63
p. 90000 – 899
sol. Add one zero before 34 as 1000 has 3 zeros and 34 is a 2 figure
number.
Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 034 we get 966
e. 1000 has 3 zeros and 33 is a 2 figure number .Add one zero before
33 it becomes 033
so 1000 -033 = 967
j. 2is reduced by one to 1 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 94
we get 16
so 200 – 94 =106
k. 10000 has 4 zeros and 358 is a 3 figure number . Add one zero
before 358 it becomes 0358
so 10000 – 0358 = 9642
( Applying all from 9 and last from 10 to 0358 )
p. 90,000 has 4 zeros and 899 is a 3 figure number .so add one zero
before 899 it becomes 0899
9 is reduced by one to 8 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to
0899 we get 9101
So 90000 – 899 = 89101
LESSON 6
NUMBER SPLITTING
d. 832 1 e. 7 6 7 f. 3 8 3
+ 182 3 + 6 16 + 3 8 4
………………………. …………………. …………………
9 11 4 4 13 7 13 6 16 7
………………………… …………………….. …………………
101 4 4 13 8 3 7 6 7
g. 4 4 4 h. 8 8 8 i. 5 5 1
+ 246 + 7 0 7 + 6 6 2
…………………… ………………… …………………
6 8 10 15 8 15 1111 3
………………… …………………. …………………
6 90 15 9 5 121 3
j. 4 5 5 4 k. 1 2 3 4 l. 5 2 3 4
+3636 + 4 9 4 4 + 9 3 9 3
………………….. ………………….. …………………..
7 11 8 10 5 11 7 8 14 512 7
………………….. ………………….. ………………….
81 90 61 78 14 62 7
Practice B: Subtract the following
a. 3 2 4 3 b. 4 4 4 4 c. 7 0 7 0
-1319 -1 8 2 8 -1 5 2 6
…………………… …………………….. …………………..
19 24 2 6 1 6 5 5 4 4
d. 3 7 2 1 e. 6 8 8 9 f. 8 5 2
-1909 -1 9 3 6 -1 3 9
…………………… …………………….. ……………..
18 12 4 9 5 3 7 1 3
g. 7 7 7 h. 6 6 6 6
-585 -2 9 3 8
………………. ………………….
19 2 3 7 2 8
a. 4 3 2 x 3 = 12 96
We split 4 and 32 . it is easy to multiply 4 by 3 and 32 by 3 without
carry.
b. 4 5 3 × 𝟐 = 90 6
We split 45 and 3 . It is easy to multiply by 2 without carry.
c. 6 2 6 × 𝟐 = 12 52
We split 6 and 26. It is easy to multiply by 2 without carry.
d. 4 3 3 × 𝟑 = 12 99
e. 3 08 × 𝟔 = 18 48
We split 3 and 08 . It is easy to multiply by 6 without carry.
f. 8 14 × 𝟒 = 32 56
We split 8 and 14 . It is easy to multiply by 4 without carry.
g. 5 15 × 𝟓 = 25 75
We split 5 and 15 . It is easy to multiply by 5 without carry.
h. 9 19 × 𝟑 = 27 57
We split 9 and 19 . It is easy to multiply by 3 without carry.
i. 14 16 × 𝟒 = 56 64
We split 14 and 16 . it is easy to multiply by 4 without carry.
j. 27 28 × 𝟐 = 54 56
We split 27 and 28. It is easy to multiply by 2 without carry.
k. 3 19 3 × 𝟑 = 9 57 9
We split 3 , 19 and 3 . It is easy to multiply by 3 without carry.
l. 13 14 15 × 𝟑 = 39 42 45
d. 7 – 3 7 is 3 below 10
x 7 – 3 7-3 = 7-3 = 4 and 3 x 3 =9
……………………
49
h. 6 – 4 6 is 4 below 10
x 6 – 4 6-4 = 6-4 = 2 and 4 x 4 = 16
……………………
2 16
……………………
36
d. 13 +3 13 is 3 above base 10
x 13 +3 13+3=3+13=16 and 3 x 3=9
……………………..
16 9
e. 11 +1 11 is 1 above base 10
x 11 +1 11+1=11+1=12 and 1 x 1= 1
…………………….
12 1
…………………….
182
…………………….
19 6
i. 16 +6 16 is 6 above base 10
x 16 +6 16 +6=6+16 = 22 and 6 x 6 = 36
……………………
22 36
………………….
256
…………………….
234
………………………….
77 44
…………………………..
54 32
………………………….
43 12
a. 107 +07 107 is 7 above base 100 and 104 is 4 above base 100
x 104 +04 107+4=104+7 = 111 and 7 x 4 = 28
………………………..
111 28
b. 107 +07 107 is 7 above base 100 and 108 is 8 above base 100
x 108 +08 107+8 = 108 +7 = 115 and 7 x 8 = 56
……………………….
115 56
c. 133 +33 133 is 33 above base 100 and 103 is 3 above 100
x 103 +03 133 + 3 = 103 +33 = 136 and 33 x 3 = 99
…………………………
136 99
d. 102 +02 102 is 2 above base 100 and 104 is 4 above 100
x 104 +04 102 +4 = 104 +2 = 106 and 2 x 4 = 8
……………………………
106 08
e. 123 +23 123 is 23 above base 100 and 102 is 2 above 100
x 102 +02 123 + 2= 102 + 23 = 125 and 23 x 2 = 46
………………………..
125 46
f. 171 +71 171 is 71 above base 100 and 101 is 1 above 100
x 101 +01 171 +01=172 and 71 x 1 = 71
…………………………..
172 71
g. 103 +03 103 is 3 above base 100 and 111 is 11 above 100
x 111 +11 103 +11 = 111+ 3 = 114 and 11 x 3 = 33
……………………….
114 33
h. 125 +25 125 is 25 above base 100 and 105 is 5 above 100
x 105 +05 125 +5 = 105 +25 = 130 and 25 x 5 = 125
……………………….
130 125
……………………….
131 25
k. 162 +62 162 is 62 above base 100 and 102 is 2 above 100
x 102 +02 162 +2 = 102+62 = 164 and 62 x 2 = 124
…………………………..
164 124
……………………………
165 24
l. 113 +13 113 is 13 above base 100 and 105 is 5 above 100
x 105 +05 113 +5 = 105+ 13 = 118 and 13 x 5 = 65
…………………………
118 65
m. 103
x ???
……………………
108 15 find the missing number?
Sol. 1st part of answer is 108 i.e 103 +05 = 108. So 05 is the deficiency
of 2nd number
103 is 3 above base 100 i.e 3 is the deficiency of 1st number 103
above 100
Subtract 03 from 108 i.e 105 and multiply two deficiency 3 x 5 = 15
So missing number is 105
Check : 103 x 105 = 10815
103 +03
X 105 +05
……………………….
10815
d. 885 - 115 885 is 115 below base 1000 and 997 is 3 below
x 997 -3 base 1000 . 885 – 3 = 997 -115 =882
…………………………… and 115 x 3 = 345
882 345
e. 883 -117 883 is 117 below base 1000 and 998 is 2 below
x 998 -2 base 1000 .
……………………… 883 -2 = 881 and 117 x 2 = 234
881 234
f. 467 -533 467 is 533 below base 1000 and 998 is 2 below
x 998 -2 base 1000 .
……………………… 467 – 2 = 465 and 533 x 2 = 1066
465 1066
……………………….
466 066
Practice H :
a. 1222 +222 1222 is 222 above base 10000 and 1003
x 1003 +3 is 3 above base 10000
……………………………….. 1222+3 = 1003 +222 = 1225
1225 666 and 222 x 3 = 666
b. 106 x 208
= 106 x 2 x 104
106 +6
X 104 +4
……………………….
110 24
= 2 x 11024 = 22048
c. 182 x 98
By doubling and halving we get
= 91 x 98 x 2
91 -9
X 98 -2
……………………..
89 18
So 182 x 98 = 2 x 8918 = 17836
d. 93 x 186
By doubling and Halving we get ,
= 93 x 93 x 2
93 -7
X 93 -7
…………………….
86 49
So 93 x 186 = 2 x 8649 = 17298
e. 93 x 46
By doubling and Halving we get ,
93 x 46 x 2 ( double 46 to get 92 which is close to base 100)
= 93 x 92
= 93 -7
X 92 -8
…………………….
85 56
Half of 8556 is 4278
f. 56 x 104
double 56 to get 112 and last half the answer
112 x 104
= 116 48
Half of 116 48 is 5824
g. 306 x 118
= 3 x 102 x 118
= 3 x 12036
= 36108
h. 51 x 104
double 51 to get 102 and then half the answer
= 102 x 104
= 10608
Half of 10608 is 5304
i. 206 x 54
= 2 x 103 x 2 x 54 ( double 54 and half the answer)
= 2 x 103 x 108
= 2 x 11124
= 22248
Half of 22248 is 11124
j. 44 x 99
= 88 x 99 ( double 44 and half the answer)
88 -12
X 99 -1
………………………
87 12
Half of 8712 is 4356
k. 48 x 184
= 48 x 92 ( half 184 and double 48)
=96 x 92
96 -4
X 92 -8
………………………..
88 32
So 48 x 184 = 8832
l. 228 x 212
= 2 x 114 x 2 x 106
= 4 x 120 84
= 48336
c. 321 +21 321 and 303 are close to base 300 (3 x 100)
x 303 +3
………………………….
3 x 324 / 63
= 972 63
d. 203 +03 203 and 208 are close to base 200 ( 2 x 100)
x 208 +08
……………………………..
2x 211 / 24
= 422 24
e. 902 +02 902 and 909 are close to base 900 ( 9 x 100)
x 909 +09
……………………………
9 x 911 / 18
= 8199 18
g. 188 -12 188 and 196 are close to base 200 ( 2 x100)
x 196 - 4
……………………………
2x 184 / 48
= 368 48
h. 199 -1 199 and 198 are close to base 200 ( 2 x100)
x 198 -2
………………………….
2 x 197 / 02
= 39402
i. 189 -11 189 and 194 are close to base 200 ( 2 x 100)
x 194 -6
………………………….
2 x 183 / 66
= 366 66
j. 207 +07 207 and 211 are close to base 200 ( 2 x 100)
x 211 +11
……………………………..
2 x 218 /77
= 436 77
k. 312 +12 312 and 307 are close to base 300 ( 3x 100)
x 307 +7
…………………………….
3x 319 /84
= 957 84
Practice K : Find
a. 97 x 993
97 -3 97 is 3 below base 100 and 993 is 7 below
X 993 -7 base 1000 .
…………………………….. equating to same base 1000 , multiply 97
963 21 by 10 i.e 970 which is 30 below 1000
b. 92 x 989
92 -8 92 is 8 below base 100 and 989 is 11
X 989 -11 below base 1000.
…………………………….. equating to same base 1000, multiply 92
909 88 by 10 i.e 920 which is 80 below 1000
Subtract 920 – 11 = 989 – 80 = 909
Multiply 80 by 11 we get 880
Now 920 x 989 = 909880
So 92 x 989 = 90988
c. 9988 x 98
9988 -12 9988 is 12 below base 10000 and 98 is 2
X 98 -2 below base 100.
…………………………………. Equating to same base 10000,multiply 98
9788 24 by 100 i.e 9800 which is 200 below
10000.
Subtract 9800 – 12 = 9988 – 200 = 9788
Multiply 12 by 200 we get 2400
Now 9988 x 9800 = 9788 2400
So 9988 x 98 = 9788 24
d. 9996 x 988
9996 -4 9996 is 4 below base 10000 and 988 is
X 988 -12 12 below base 1000.
……………………………….. Equating to equal base multiply 988 by 10
9876 480 i.e 9880 which is 120 below 10000
Subtract 9996 – 120 =9880 – 4= 9876
Multiply 4 by 120 we get 480
Now 9996 x 9880 = 9876 480
So 9996 x 988 = 9876 048
Practice L: Find
a. 103 x 1015 103 is 3 above base 100 and 1015 is
103 +3 15 above base 1000 .
X 1015 +15 equating to equal base multiply by 10
…………………………. i.e 1030 which is 30 above base 1000
1045 45 Adding 1030 +15= 1015+30=1045
Multiply 30 by 15 we get 450
Now 1030 x 1015 = 1045 450
So 103 x 1015 = 1045 45
b. 106 x 1012
106 +6 106 is 6 above base 100 and 1012 is 12
X 1012 +12 above base 1000 .
……………………………….. equating to equal base multiply by 10
1072 72 i.e 1060 which is 60 above base 1000
Adding 1060 + 12 = 1012 +60 = 1072
Multiply 60 by 12 we get 720
Now 1060 x 1012 = 1072 720
So 106 x 1012 = 1072 72
c. 10034 x 102
10034 +34 10034 is 34 above base 10000 and 102
X 102 +2 is 2 above base 100 .
……………………………….. equating to equal base multiply by 100
10234 68 i.e 10200 which is 200 above base 10000
Adding 10034 +200 = 10200+34=10234
Multiply 34 by 200 6800
Now 10034 x 10200 = 10234 6800
So 10034 x 102 = 10234 68
d. 1122 x 104
1122 +122 1122 is 122 above 1000 and 104 is 4
X 104 +4 above base 100 .
…………………………………. Equating to equal base multiply by 10
1162 488 i.e 1040 which is 40 above base 1000
………………………………… Adding 1122 + 40 = 1040+122= 1162
1166 88 multiply 122 by 40 we get 4880
Now 1122 x 1040 = 1166 880
So 1122 x 104 = 1166 88
e. 21 +1 21 is 1 above base 20
x 21 +1 21+1=22 and 1 x 1=1
………………………….
2 x 22 | 1 base is 20 so multiply by 2 on left side
………………………..
441
f. 72 +2 72 is 2 above base 70
x 72 +2 72+2=74 and 2 x 2=4
……………………..
7 x 74 |4 base is 70 so multiply by 7 on left side
= 518 4
a. 654 x 3
= 181512 = 1962
d. 73 x 4
= 73 x 2 x 2= 146 x 2= 2812 = 292 ( double 2 times)
e. 7 x 22
= 1414 = 154
f. 16 x 24
= 2 x 16 x 12 ( doubling and halving)
= 2 x 18 12 ( 16 is 6 above base 10 and 18 is 8 above base 10)
= 2 x 192
= 384
g. 798 x 997
798 - 202 798 is 202 below base 1000 and 997 is 3 below
X 997 -3 base 1000 .
………………………… 798 – 3=997-202= 795 and 202 x 3= 606
795 606
h. 8899 - 1101 8899 is 1101 below base 10000
x 9993 -7 9993 is 7 below base 10000
…………………………………… 8899- 7=9993-1101= 8892
8892 7707 1101 x 7 = 7707
i. 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟐
106 +6 106 is 6 above base 100
X 106 +6 106+6=112 and 6 x 6 = 36
………………………….
112 36
j. 𝟗𝟗𝟔𝟐
996 -4 996 is 4 below base 1000
X 996 -4 996-4=992 and 4 x 4= 16
………………………. As base is 1000( 3 zeros) so there must be
992 016 3 figures on right side.
k. 103 x 109
103 +3 103 is 3 above base 100 and 109 is 9
X 109 +9 above base 100.
……………………………. 103+9=112 and 3 x 9=27
112 27
l. 123 x 104
123 +23 123 is 23 above base 100 and 104 is 4
X 104 +4 above base 100
……………………………. 123+4=127 and 23 x 4=92
127 92
m. 203 x 209
203 +3 203 is 3 above base 200 and 209 is 9
X 209 +9 above base 200
………………………………. 203+9=212 and 3 x 9=27
2 x 212 |27 As base is 200 multiply by 2 on left side
……………………………..
424 27
n. 188 x 197
188 -12 188 is 12 below base 200 and 197 is 3
X 197 -3 below base 200
…………………………… 188-3=185 and 12 x 3=36
2 x 185 | 36 As base is 200 multiply by 2 on left side
……………………………..
370 36
o. 87 x 97
87 -13 87 is 13 below base 100 and 97 is 3 below
X 97 -3 base 100
……………………….. 87-3=84 and 13 x 3= 39
84 39
p. 32 x 33
32 +2 32 is 2 above base 30 and 33 is 3 above
X 33 +3 base 30
…………………………… 32+3=35 and 3 x 2= 6
3x 35 |6 As base is 30 multiply by 3 on left side.
…………………………
105 6
q. 2004 x 2017
2004 +4 2004 is 4 above base 2000 and 2017 is 17
x 2017 +17 above base 2000.
…………………………….. 2004+17=2021 and 17 x 4=68
2 x 2021 | 0068 As base is 2000 multiply by 2 on left side
…………………………………. And base is 2000( 3 zeros) so there must be
4042 068 3 figures on right by adding one zero.
r. 9997 x 98
9997 -3 9997 is 3 below base 10000
X 98 -2 98 is 2 below base 100
……………………………… equating to equal base multiply by 100
9797 06 i.e 9800 which is 200 below base 10000
9800-3=9997-200 = 9797
And 200 x 3=600
Now 9997 x 9800 = 9797 600
So 9997 x 98 = 9797 06 ( as base is 100 , must be2 figures on
right)
s. 1023 x 102
1023 +23 1023 is 23 above base 1000 and 102 is
X 102 +2 2 above base 100
………………………………… Equating to equal base multiply by 10
1043 | 46 i.e 1020 which is 20 above base 1000
1023+20=1020+23=1043
23 x 20=460
Now 1023 x 1020= 1043 460
So 1023 x 102 = 1043 46
LESSON 8
CHECKING AND DIISIBILITY
a. 3) 4681
……………………………….
1560 Rem 1
Check - 4681 = 3 x 1560 +1
Digit sum of 4681= 4+6=10=1
Digit sum of 3 x 1560 +1= 3 x 3+1=10=1+0=1
This is true so division is correct.
b. 4) 9 1 3
……………………….
228 rem 1
Check- 913= 4 x 228+1
Digit sum of 913 is 1+3=4
Digit sum of 4 x 228 +1= 4 x 3+1=13=1+3=4
This is true so division is correct.
c. 5 ) 7032
……………………………..
1406 rem 2
Check- 7032= 5 x 1406 +2
Digit sum of 7032 = 7+3+2=12=1+2=3
Digit sum of 5 x 1406+2= 5 x 2+2= 12=1+2=3
This is true so division is correct.
d. 6) 321
……………………..
53 rem 3
Check- 321 = 6 x 53+3
Digit sum of 321= 3+2+1=6
Digit sum of 6 x 53 +3= 6 x 8+3= 51=5+1=6
This is true so division is correct.
e. 7) 222
…………….
31 rem 5
Check - 222 = 7 x 31 +5
Digit sum of 222= 6
Digit sum of 7 x 31+5= 7 x 4+5= 33=3+3=6
This is true so division is correct.
f. 8) 9080
……………………….
1135 rem 0
Check- 9080 = 8 x 1135 +0
Digit sum of 9080=8
Digit sum of 8 x 1135+0= 8 x 1+0=8
This is true so division is correct.
g. 9 ) 1001
…………………………
111 rem 2
Check- 1001= 9 x 111 +2
Digit sum of 1001= 2
Digit sum of 9 x 111+2= 9 x 3+2= 29=2
This is true so division is correct.
h. 2) 34567
……………………..
17283 rem 1
Check- 34567= 2 x 17289 +1
Digit sum of 34567= 3+4+5+6+7= 25=2+5=7
Digit sum of 2 x 17283+1= 2 x 3+1=7
This is true so division is correct.
Practice B : Approximate the following.
a. 723 x 81
723 close to 700 and 81 close to 80
By First by first sutra of VM , 700 x 80=56000
So 723 x 81 approximate to 60000 i.e more than 56000
b. 67 x 82
67 close to 70 and 82 close to 80
By first by first sutra of VM , 70 x 80 = 5600
So 67 x 82 approximate to 5000 to 6000
c. 4133 x 572
4133 close to 4100 and 572 close to 500
By first by first sutra of vm , 4100 x 500 = 2050000
So 4133 x 572 approximate to 2000000 to 3000000
d. 38 x 49
38 close to 40 and 49 close to 50
By first by first sutra of VM , 40 x 50 = 2000
So 38 x 49 approximate to 2000
e. 6109 x 377
6109 close to 6000 and 377 close to 400
By first by first and last by last sutra of VM ,
6000 x 400 = 2400000
So 6109 x 377 approximate to 2000000
f. 3333 x 4444
3333 close to 3000 and 4444 close to 4000
By first by first sutra of VM, 3000 x 4000 = 12000000
So 3333 x 4444 approximate to 10,000,000
g. 1812 x 1066
1812 close to 2000 and 1066 close to 1000
By first by first sutra of VM , 2000 x 1000 = 2,000,000
So 1812 x 1066 approximate to 2,000,000
b. 76543 x 97
multiplying last figure of two numbers we get 3 x 7=21
last figure in the multiplication of 76543 x 97 is 1
c. 67 x 78 x89
multiplying last figure of three numbers we get 7 x 8 x9= 504
last figure in the multiplication of 67 x 78 x 89 is 4
d. 789 +987
Adding last figure of two numbers we get 9+7=16
Last figure in the addition of 789+98 is 6
e. 346 x 564
multiplying last figure of two numbers we get 6 x 4= 24
last figure in the multiplication of 346 x 564 is 4
f. 5328+9845
Adding last figure of two numbers we get 8+5=13
Last figure in the addition of 5328+9845 is 3
c. 92
Using the sutra “Ultimate and twice penultimate “ we get
2 x9+2=20
20 is divisible by 4
So 92 is divisible by 4
d. 5573
Using the sutra “Ultimate and twice penultimate “ we get
2 x 7+3=17
17 is not divisible by 4
So 5573 is not divisible by 4
e. 7624
Using the sutra “ ultimate and twice Penultimate “ we get
2 x 2+4=8
8 is divisible by 4
So 7624 is divisible by 4
f. 345678
Using the sutra “Ultimate and twice penultimate “ we get
2 x 7+8=22
22 is not divisible by 4
So 345678 is not divisible by 4
b. 3476
Sum of digits in odd places = 3+7=10
Sum of digits in even places = 4+6=10
Difference between sum of digits in odd places and even places =
10 – 10
=0
So 3476 is divisible by 11
c. 1358016
Sum of digits in odd places = 1+5+0+6 = 12
Sum of digits in even places = 3+8+1= 12
Difference between sum of digits in odd places and even places =
12 – 12
= 0
So 1358016 is divisible by 11
d. 85547
Sum of digits in odd places = 8+5+7= 20
Sum of digits in even places = 5+4= 9
Difference between sum of digits in odd places and even places =
20 -9
=11
So 85547 is divisible by 11
e. 570317
Sum of digits in odd places = 5+0+1=6
Sum of digits in even places = 7+3+7= 17
Difference between sum of digits in odd places and even places =
17 – 6
= 11
So 570317 is divisible by 11
f. 1030607
sum of digits in odd places = 1+3+6+7= 17
sum of digits in even places = 0
Difference between sum of digits in odd places and even places =
17 -0
=17
So 1030607 is not divisible by 11
b. 45678
Remainder after dividing by 11 is (4+6+8) –( 5+7)= 6
c. 203527
Remainder after dividing by 11 is (7+5+0)-( 2+3+2)= 12-7=5
d. 67
Remainder dividing by 11 is 7-6=1
e. 349
Remainder dividing by 11 is (3+9)-4= 12-4=8
f. 3817
Remainder dividing by 11 is (8+7)-(3+1)= 15-4=11 or 11-11= 0
So remainder dividing by 11 is 0
g. 1827
Remainder dividing by 11 is (8+7)-(1+2)= 12
Or 12-11=1
So remainder dividing by 11 is 1
h. 8351
Remainder dividing by 11 is (1+3)-(8+5)= -9 or 11-9=2
So remainder is -9 or 2
i. 481
Remainder dividing by 11 is (4+1)-8=-3 or -3+11=8
So remainder is -3 or 8
j. 34143
Remainder dividing by 11 is (3+1+3)- (4+4)=-1 or -1+11=10
So remainder is -1or 10
k. 523281
Remainder dividing by 11 is (1+2+2)-(8+3+5)= 5-16=-11
or -11+11=0
so remainder is 0
l. 909192
Remainder dividing by 11 is (2+1+0)- (9+9+9)= 3-27=-24
Or -24+11= -13+11=-2
Or -2+11=9
So remainder is -2 or 9
d. 86 x 68 =5848
Remainder dividing 86 by 11 is 6-8=-2
Remainder dividing 68 by 11 is 8-6=2
Remainder dividing 5848 by 11 is (8+8)- (5+4)= 16-9=7
So -2 x 2=7
This is incorrect.
̅
b. 8𝟐
= 80- 2= 78
̅
c. 3𝟑
= 30 – 3=27
̅
d. 5𝟕
= 50 – 7= 43
̅
e. 46𝟐
= 400+60-2= 458
̅
f. 999𝟏
= 9900+90-1= 9989
̅
g. 1𝟐
= 10-2=8
̅
h. 11𝟏
= 100+10-1=109
̅
i. 12𝟑
= 100+20-3= 117
̅𝟎
j. 3𝟒
= 300 -40-= 260
Practice B: Remove Bar numbers
̅𝟒
a. 6𝟏
splitting we get ̅ | 4 = (60-1)|4= 594
𝟔𝟏
̅𝟑
b. 𝟒𝟐
= (40-2) | 3= 383
̅𝟓
c. 5𝟐
= ( 50-2) | 5= 485
̅𝟕
d. 3𝟏
= 3𝟏̅ | 7 = (30-1) |7 = 297
̅𝟑
e. 45𝟐
̅ | 3= 4483
= 4 | 5𝟐
̅𝟑
f. 333𝟐
̅| 3= 33283
= 33| 3 𝟐
̅𝟑𝟐
g. 5𝟏
= 5𝟏̅ | 32 = 4932
h. 𝟔𝟐̅𝟕𝟑
̅
̅ | 𝟕𝟑
= 6𝟐 ̅ = 5867
̅𝟏
i. 2𝟏
= 2𝟏̅ | 1 = 191
̅𝟏
j. 41𝟑
̅ |𝟏
= 4 | 1𝟑 = 4000+100-30+1=4101-30= 4071
k. 1𝟑̅𝟏𝟓𝟏̅
= 1𝟑̅ | 𝟏 | 𝟓𝟏
̅ = 7149
̅𝟏
l. 1𝟑
= 1𝟑̅ | 𝟏 = 71
Practice C : Remove bar numbers
̅̅̅̅
a. 6𝟏𝟐
= 600-12 = 588
( 6 reduced to 5 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 12)
̅̅̅̅
b. 7𝟑𝟑
= 700 -33 = 667
( 7 is reduced to 6 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 33 )
̅̅̅̅
c. 5𝟏𝟏
= 500 -11 = 489
( 5 reduced to 4 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 11)
̅̅̅̅
d. 9𝟎𝟒
= 900 - 04 = 896
(9 reduced to 8 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 04)
̅̅̅̅
e. 72𝟒𝟏
= 7000+200-41=7000+ 159 =7159
( 2 reduced to 1 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 41)
̅̅̅̅
f. 333𝟐𝟐
= 33000+300-22= 33000+278 = 33278
( 3 reduced to 2 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 22)
̅̅̅̅𝟒
g. 6𝟐𝟏
= 6000-210+4 = 5790+4= 5794
( 6 reduced to 5 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 210)
̅̅̅̅𝟐𝟐
h. 5𝟑𝟏
= 50000-3100+22 = 46900+22=46922
( 5 reduced to 4 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 3100)
̅̅̅̅𝟒𝟒
i. 33 𝟐𝟐
= 330000 – 2200+44 = 327800+44= 327844
( 3 reduced to 2 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 2200)
̅̅̅̅̅̅
j. 𝟕𝟑𝟑𝟑
= 7000 -333 = 6667
( 7 reduced to 6 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 333)
̅̅̅̅̅̅
k. 5𝟏𝟎𝟒
= 5000 -104= 4896
( 5 reduced to 4 and aply all from 9 and last from 10 to 104)
̅̅̅̅̅̅
l. 44𝟏𝟏𝟐
= 44000- 112= 43888
( 4 reduced to 3 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 112)
̅̅̅̅̅̅
m. 74𝟎𝟑𝟏
= 74000-031= 73969
( 4 reduced to 3 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 031)
̅̅̅̅̅̅𝟏
n. 7𝟏𝟎𝟑
= 70000-1030+1=68970+1=68971
( 7 reduced to 6 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 1030)
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
o. 6𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐
= 60000-3322 =56678
( 6 reduced to 5 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 3322)
p. 3𝟏̅𝟏𝟎𝟐̅
= 3𝟏̅ | 𝟏 𝟎𝟐
̅ = 2998
̅̅̅̅𝟒𝟏
q. 3𝟏𝟏 ̅
̅̅̅̅ | 𝟒𝟏
= 3𝟏𝟏 ̅ = 28939
( 3 reduced to 2 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 11 )
( 4 reduced to 3 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 1)
̅𝟏𝟐𝟐
r. 3𝟐 ̅̅̅̅
= 3𝟐̅ | 𝟏𝟐𝟐̅̅̅̅ = 28078
( 3 reduced to 2 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 2)
( 1 reduced to 0 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 22)
Practice D : Subtract using Bar numbers.
a. 54 3
- 16 8
……………………..
4 𝟐 ̅
̅ 𝟓 ̅ )
̅ , 3-8= -5 = 𝟓
( 4-6=-2= 𝟐
……………………...
37 5 ( 4 reduced to 3 and apply all from 9 and last from
10 to 25)
b. 5 6 7 c 8 0 4 d. 7 3 7
- 2 7 9 - 3 8 8 - 5 5 8
…………………….. …………………….. ……………………..
̅ 𝟐
3 𝟏 ̅ ̅ 𝟒
5 𝟖 ̅ ̅ 𝟏
2 𝟐 ̅
…………………….. ……………………… ………………………
28 8 4 1 6 1 7 9
e. 6 4 1 3 f. 8 0 2 4 g. 6 5 4 3
- 1 8 7 8 - 5 3 3 9 - 2 8 8 1
………………………… ……………………….. …………………………..
̅ 𝟔
5 𝟒 ̅
̅ 𝟓 ̅ 𝟏
3 𝟑 ̅
̅ 𝟓 ̅ 𝟒
4 𝟑 ̅ 𝟐
………………………… ………………………. …………………………
4 5 3 5 2 6 8 5 3 6 6 2
h. 7 1 0 3 i. 4 5 4 5 j. 3 2 0 4
-3 9 9 1 - 1 7 9 1 - 2 0 8 1
…………………………… ……………………….. …………………………..
̅ 𝟗
4 𝟖 ̅ 𝟐 3 𝟐 ̅ 𝟒
̅ 𝟓 1 2 𝟖̅ 𝟑
………………………… ……………………….. …………………………..
31 1 2 2 7 5 4 1 1 2 3
d. 88
̅
= 90 – 2= 9𝟐
e. 69 f. 36 g. 17
̅
= 70 – 1= 7𝟏 ̅
= 40 – 4 = 4 𝟒 ̅
= 20 – 3= 2𝟑
n. 708
̅
= 710-2= 71𝟐
c. 298 d. 378
̅
= 300 – 2= 30𝟐 ̅̅̅̅
= 400 – 22= 4𝟐𝟐
e. 3991 f. 3822
̅̅̅̅ 1
= (400-01)| 1 = 4𝟎𝟏 ̅𝟐𝟐
= (40-2) | 22 = 4𝟐
g. 4944 h. 390
̅𝟒𝟒
= ( 50 - 1)| 44 = 5𝟏 ̅𝟎
= (40-1) | 0= 4𝟏
i. 299 j. 98 k. 87
̅
= 300 – 1= 30𝟏 ̅
= 100 – 2= 10𝟐 ̅̅̅̅
= 100 – 13 = 1𝟏𝟑
l. 888 m. 996 n. 2939
̅̅̅̅̅̅
= 1000 – 112 = 1𝟏𝟏𝟐 ̅̅̅̅̅̅
= 1000 – 4 =1𝟎𝟎𝟒 = (30-1) | ( 40-1)
= 3𝟏̅ 𝟒𝟏
̅
o. 1849 p. 7
= ( 20 – 2)| ( 50 – 1) ̅
= 10 – 3 = 1𝟑
= 2𝟐̅ 𝟓𝟏
̅
LESSON 10
SPECIAL MULTIPLICATION
Practice A: Multiply by 11
a. 23 x 11
= 2 | ( 2+3) | 3 = 253
b. 61 x 11
= 6 | ( 6 + 1) | 1 = 671
c. 44 x 11
= 4 | ( 4 + 4) | 4 = 484
d. 50 x 11
= 5 | ( 5+ 0 ) | 0 = 550
b. 79 x 11
= 7 | ( 7 + 9 ) | 9 = 7 16 9 = 869
c. 47 x 11
= 4 | ( 4 + 7 ) | 7 = 4 11 7 = 517
d. 86 x 11
= 8 | ( 8 + 6 ) | 6 = 8 14 6 = 946
e. 55 x 11
= 5 | ( 5 + 5 ) | 5 = 5 10 5 = 605
f. 93 x 11
= 9 | ( 9 + 3) | 3 = 9 12 3= 1023
b. 636 x 11
= 6 | ( 6+3) | ( 3+ 6 ) | 6 = 6996
c. 534 x 11
= 5 | ( 5 +3) | ( 3+4) | 4 = 5 8 7 4
d. 516 x 11
= 5 | ( 5+1) | ( 1+ 6) | 6 = 5676
e. 706 x 11
= 7 | ( 7+ 0) | ( 0+6) | 6 = 7766
f. 260 x 11
= 2 | ( 2+6 ) | ( 6 + 0 ) | 0 = 2860
g. 444 x 11
= 4 | ( 4 +4) | ( 4+4) |4 = 4884
h. 135 x 11
= 1| ( 1+ 3) | ( 3+5) | 5 = 1485
i. 531 x 11
= 5 | ( 5+3) | ( 3+1) | 1 = 5841
Practice E : Multiply by 11
a. 384 x11
= 3 | ( 3+8) |( 8+4) | 4 = 3 11 12 4 = 4224
b. 629 x 11
= 6 | ( 6+ 2) | ( 2 + 9 ) | 9 = 6 8 11 9 = 6919
c. 888 x 11
= 8 | ( 8+8) | ( 8+8 ) | 8 = 8 16 16 8 = 9768
d. 555 x 11
= 5 | ( 5 + 5) | ( 5+5) |5 = 5 10 10 5 = 6105
e. 393 x 11
= 3 | ( 3+9) | ( 9+3) | 3 = 3 12 12 3 = 4323
f. 939 x 11
= 9 | ( 9+3) | ( 3+9) | 9 = 9 12 12 9 = 10329
c. 81 x 89
= ( 8 x 9) | ( 1 x9) ( multiply 8 with one more of 8 i.e 9 and
= 7209 multiply last figures of 2 numbers)
d. 104 x 106
Here first figures of 2 numbers are same i.e 10 and last figures
added to 10 i.e 4+6=10
= ( 10 x11) | ( 4 x 6) ( apply one more than one before sutra i.e
multiply 10 with 11( one more of 10 is 10+1)
and multiply last figures of 2 numbers)
= 110 24
e. 42 x 48
= ( 4 x 5) | ( 2 x 8) ( multiply 4 with one more of 4 i.e 5 and
= 2016 multiply last figures of 23 numbers 2and 8)
f. 34 x 36
= ( 3 x4) | ( 4 x 6) ( multiply 3 with one more of 3 i.e 4 and
= 1224 multiply last figure of 2 numbers 4 and 6)
g. 93 x 97
= ( 9 x 10) | ( 3 x 7) ( multiply 9 with one more of 9 i.e 10 and
= 9021 multiply last figures of 2 numbers 3 and 7)
h. 27x 23
= ( 2 x 3) | ( 7 x 3) ( multiply 2 with one more of 2 i.e 3 and
= 621 multiply last figures of 2 numbers 7 and 3)
i. 297x 293
= ( 29 x 30) | ( 7 x 3) ( multiply 29 with one more of 29 i.e 30
And multiply last figure of 2 numbers 7 and 3)
= 87021
j. 303 x 307
= ( 30 x 31) | ( 3 x 7) ( multiply 30 with one more of 30 i.e 31
= 93021 and multiply last figure of 2 numbers 3 and 7)
So 64 x 38 = 2 x 1216 = 2432
b. 88 x 46
= 2 x 44 x 46 ( proportionate sutra)
44 x 46 = ( 4 x 5) | ( 4 x 6) ( One more than one before sutra)
= 2024
So 88 x 46 = 2 x 2024= 4048
c. 33 x74
= 33 x 2 x 37
= 2 x 33 x 37 ( Proportionately sutra)
33 x 37
= ( 3 x 4) | ( 3 x 7) ( One more than one before sutra)
= 1221
So 33 x 74 = 2 x 1221= 2442
d. 66 x 28
= 3 x 22 x 28 ( Proportionately sutra)
22 x 28
= ( 2 x 3) | ( 2 x 8) ( One more than one before sutra)
= 616
So 66 x 28 = 3 x 616 =1848
e. 36 x 78
=2 x 36 x 78 ( Doubling)
= 72 x 78
= ( 7 x 8) | ( 2 x 8) (One more than one before sutra)
= 5616
𝟓𝟔𝟏𝟔
= ( Halving)
𝟐
= 2808
f. 46 x 54
= 2 x 23 x 2 x 27 (Proportionately sutra)
=4 x 23 x 27
23 x 27
= ( 2 x 3) | ( 3 x 7) (One more than one before sutra)
= 621
So 46 x 54 = 4 x 621 = 2484
g. 298x 202
= ( 2 x 3) | ( 98 x 02) ( One more than one before sutra)
= 60196
h. 391 x 309
= ( 3 x4) | ( 91 x 09) (One more than one before sutra)
= 120819
i. 795 x 705
= ( 7 x 8) | ( 95 x 05) ( One more than one before sutra )
= 560475
j. 401x499
= ( 4 x5) | 01 x 99)
= 200099
Practice H : Find the following
a. 89 x 99
= ( 89 – 1) | ( 100 – 89) ( Apply One less than one before of
89 i.e 88 and apply All from 9 and
last from 10 to 89 i.e 11)
= 8811
b. 82 x 99
= ( 82 -1) | ( 100 – 82) ( Apply one less than one before to 82
i.e 81 and apply all from 9 and last
from 10 to 82 i.e. 18 )
= 8118
c. 19 x 99
= ( 19-1) | ( 100- 19) ( Apply one less than one before to19
i.e 18 and apply all from 9 and last
from 10 to 19 i.e 81)
= 1881
d. 45 x 99
= ( 45 – 1) | ( 100 – 45) ( Apply one less than one before to
45 i.e 44 and apply all from 9 and
last from 10 to 45 i.e 55 )
= 4455
e. 778 x 999
= ( 778 -1) | ( 1000 – 778) ( Apply one less than one
Before to 778 and apply all from 9
and last from 10 to 778 i.e 222)
= 777222
f. 7654 x 9999
= ( 7654 – 1) | ( 10000 – 7654) ( Apply one less than one
before to 7654 and apply all
from 9 and last from 10 to 7654 i.e 2346)
= 76532346
g. 79 x 999
= 079 x 999
= ( 079 -1) | ( 1000-079) ( Apply one less than one
before to 079 i.e 78 and apply
all from 9 and last from 10 to 079)
= 78921
h. 124 x 9999
= 0124 x 9999
= ( 124-1) | ( 10000 – 0124) ( Apply one less than one
before to 124 i.e 123 and apply
All from 9 and last from 10 to 0124)
= 123 9876
i. 8989 x 99999
= 08989 x 99999
= ( 08989-1) | (100000- 08989) ( Apply one less than one
before to 8989 i.e 8988 and
Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 08989 i.e 91011)
= 898891011
j. 47 x 99999
= 00047 x 99999
= ( 00047 – 1) | ( 100000 – 00047)
( Apply one less than one before to 47 i.e 46 and apply all
from 9 and last from 10 to 00047 i.e 99953)
= 4699953
c. 91 x 11
= ( 9 x1+1) | ( 1 x1) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 1001
d. 59 x 59
= ( 5 x 5+9) | ( 9 x9) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 3481
e. 63 x 43
= ( 6 x4+3) | ( 3x 3) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2709
f. 24 x 84
= ( 2 x 8+4) | ( 4x 4) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2016
g. 88 x 28
= ( 8x2+8) | ( 8 x8) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2464
h. 29 x89
= ( 2 x 8+9) | ( 9 x9) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2581
i. 97 x 17
= ( 9 x1+7) | ( 7 x7) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 1649
j. 64 x 44
= ( 6 x 4+4) | ( 4 x 4) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2816
k. 31 x 42
= 2 x 31 x 42 ( Doubling under proportionately sutra)
= 62 x 42 1st figures of 2 numbers added to 10i.e
6+4=10 and last figures are same i.e 2)
= ( 6 x 4+2) | ( 2 x 2) ( by first by first and last by last)
= 2604
𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟒
= ( Halving under Proportionately sutra)
𝟐
= 1302
l. 46 x 83
𝟒𝟔
= x 83 ( Halving under Proportionately sutra)
𝟐
= 23 x 83
= ( 2 x 8+3) | ( 3 x3) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 1909
= 1909 x 2 ( Doubling under proportionately sutra)
= 3818
m. 93 x 71
𝟗𝟑
= x 71 ( Proportionately sutra)
𝟑
= 31 x 71 ( 1st figures added to 10 i.e 3+7=10 and last
figures are same i.e 1)
= ( 3 x 7+1) | ( 1 x1)
= 2201
= 2201 x 3 (proportionately sutra)
= 6603
n. 88 × 32
𝟖𝟖
= × 𝟑𝟐 × 𝟐 ( Proportionately sutra)
𝟐
= 44 × 𝟔𝟒
= ( 4 × 𝟔 + 𝟒) | ( 𝟒 × 𝟒) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2816
Practice J : Find
a. 49 × 𝟓𝟏
= ( 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏) × ( 𝟓𝟎 + 𝟏) ( Average under Specific general sutra)
= 𝟓𝟎𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏 ( All from 9 and last from 10sutra )
= 𝟐𝟒𝟗𝟗
b. 𝟐𝟕 × 𝟑𝟑
= ( 𝟑𝟎 − 𝟑) × (𝟑𝟎 + 𝟑) ( Average under Specific General sutra)
= 𝟑𝟎𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐
= 𝟗𝟎𝟎 − 𝟗 ( apply All from 9 and last from 10 sutra)
= 𝟖𝟗𝟏
c. 𝟓𝟕 × 𝟔𝟑
= ( 𝟔𝟎 − 𝟑) × ( 𝟔𝟎 + 𝟑) ( Average under Specific general sutra)
= 𝟔𝟎𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐
= 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟗 ( Apply all from 9 and last from 10 sutra)
= 𝟑𝟓𝟗𝟏
d. 𝟔𝟒 × 𝟔𝟔
= (𝟔𝟓 − 𝟏) × ( 𝟔𝟓 + 𝟏) ( Average under specific General Sutra)
= 𝟔𝟓𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏
= 4224
e. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟔𝟓
= (𝟕𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎) × ( 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟏𝟎) ( Average under specific General sutra)
= 𝟕𝟓𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓 – 𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟓
f. 𝟓𝟓 × 𝟗𝟓
= (𝟕𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎) × ( 𝟕𝟓 + 𝟐𝟎) ( Average under Specific General sutra)
= 𝟕𝟓𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎𝟐
= 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓 − 𝟒𝟎𝟎
= 𝟓𝟐𝟐𝟓
g. 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟒𝟕
= (𝟒𝟎 − 𝟕) × ( 𝟒𝟎 + 𝟕) ( Average under Specific General Sutra)
= 𝟒𝟎𝟐 − 𝟕𝟐
= 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒𝟗 ( Apply All from9 and last from 10 sutra)
= 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟏
h. 𝟗𝟏 × 𝟗𝟗
= ( 𝟗𝟓 − 𝟒) × ( 𝟗𝟓 + 𝟒) ( Average under specific General Sutra)
= 𝟗𝟓 − 𝟒
𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟔
= 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟗
i. 𝟒𝟒 × 𝟒𝟖
= (𝟒𝟔 − 𝟐) × (𝟒𝟔 + 𝟐)
= 𝟒𝟔𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐
= 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟔 − 𝟒
= 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟐
j. 𝟒𝟑 × 𝟒𝟕
= ( 𝟒𝟓 − 𝟐) × ( 𝟒𝟓 + 𝟐)
= 𝟒𝟓𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 − 𝟒
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟏
k. 𝟕𝟒 × 𝟖𝟔
= ( 𝟖𝟎 − 𝟔) × ( 𝟖𝟎 + 𝟔)
= 𝟖𝟎𝟐 − 𝟔𝟐
= 𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟎 − 𝟑𝟔
= 𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟒
l. 𝟗𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐
= ( 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐) × ( 𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐)
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒
= 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟔
m. 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟑𝟖
= ( 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐 ) × ( 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐)
= 𝟓𝟎𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝟐
= 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟒𝟒
= 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟔
n. 𝟒𝟖 × 𝟕𝟐
= ( 𝟔𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐) × ( 𝟔𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐)
= 𝟔𝟎𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝟐
= 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟒𝟒
= 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔
0. 𝟕𝟑 × 𝟗𝟑
= ( 𝟖𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎) × ( 𝟖𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎)
= 𝟖𝟑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 𝟔𝟖𝟖𝟗 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟔𝟕𝟖𝟗
p. 𝟏𝟗𝟔 × 𝟐𝟎𝟒
= ( 𝟐𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒) × ( 𝟐𝟎𝟎 + 𝟒)
= 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟐 − 𝟒𝟐
= 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟔
=𝟑𝟗𝟗𝟖𝟒
Practice K : Find
All these comes under by mere observations sutra
a. 𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 𝟒𝟔𝟒𝟔
b. 𝟐𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟐𝟒𝟔𝟐𝟒𝟔
c. 𝟑𝟐𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟑𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟐𝟏
d. 𝟒𝟑𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟒𝟑𝟗𝟒𝟑𝟗
e. 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔
f. 𝟓𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 𝟓𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟓𝟑
g. 𝟕𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟎𝟕𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟕𝟒𝟎𝟕𝟒
h. 𝟕𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 𝟕𝟑𝟕𝟑
i. 𝟐𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟗
j. 𝟐𝟕𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 277 277
= 27977
k. 𝟓𝟐𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 521 521
= 52621
l. 𝟔𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 616 616
= 62216
Practice L : Find
a. 𝟓𝟒 × 𝟐𝟎𝟏 ( Proportionately Sutra)
= 10854 ( Double 54 then multiply 54 one times)
b. 𝟑𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 3264 ( write 32 then double 32)
c. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟑
= 333999 ( write 333 then multiply 333 by 3)
d. 𝟒𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟏
= 418241 ( write 41 then multiply 41 by 2 then write 41)
e. 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟏
= 996633 ( multiply 33 by 3 then multiply 33 by 2 then
multiply 33 by 1)
f. 𝟏𝟕 × 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 341734 ( multiply 17 by 2 then multiply 17 by 1 then
multiply 177 by 2)
g. 𝟏𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓
= 1365 ( Multiply 13 by 1 then multiply 13 by 5)
h. 𝟐𝟑𝟒 × 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 468234 ( multiply 234 by 2 then multiply 234 by 1)
i. 𝟐𝟑𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟑
= 234 702 ( multiply 234 by 1 then multiply 234 by 3)
j. 𝟒𝟑 × 𝟐𝟎𝟑
= 86 129 ( multiply 43 by 2 then multiply 43 by 3)
= 8729
e. 𝟕𝟕 × 𝟒𝟑
= 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟕 × 𝟒𝟑
= 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟑𝟎𝟏 ( special number 43 x 7= 301)
= 3311
f. 𝟐𝟔 × 𝟕𝟕
= 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟑 × 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟏
= 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏 ( special number 13 x 7 x 11= 1001)
= 2002
g. 𝟑𝟒 × 𝟕𝟐
= 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟕 × 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐 ( special number 17 x 6=102)
= 2448
h. 𝟓𝟕 × 𝟐𝟏
= 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟗 × 𝟐𝟏
= 𝟑 × 𝟒𝟎𝟏̅ ̅ )
( special number 19 x 21 = 399=𝟒𝟎𝟏
̅
= 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟑
= 1197
i. 𝟓𝟖 × 𝟔𝟑
= 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟗 × 𝟕 × 𝟗
= 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟐𝟎𝟑 ( special number 29 x 7= 203)
=3654
j. 𝟐𝟔 × 𝟐𝟑
= 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟑 × 𝟐𝟑
= 𝟐 × 𝟑𝟎𝟏̅ ̅)
( special number 13 x 23= 299=𝟑𝟎𝟏
̅
= 𝟔𝟎𝟐
= 598
k. 𝟏𝟑𝟒 × 𝟑𝟔
= 𝟐 × 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟐𝟎𝟏 ( special number 67x3=201)
=4824
l. 𝟓𝟔 × 𝟐𝟗
= 𝟖 × 𝟕 × 𝟐𝟗
= 𝟖 × 𝟐𝟎𝟑 ( special number 29 x 7= 203)
=1624
m. 𝟗𝟑 × 𝟔𝟓
= 𝟑 × 𝟑𝟏 × 𝟏𝟑 × 𝟓
= 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟒𝟎𝟑 ( special number 31 x 13= 403)
=6045
n. 𝟓𝟒 × 𝟕𝟒
= 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟕 × 𝟑𝟕 × 𝟐
= 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏̅ ̅)
( special number 27x37=999=𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
̅
= 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟒
= 3996
o. 𝟑𝟗 × 𝟔𝟒
= 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟑 × 𝟖 × 𝟖
= 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 (special number 13 x 8=104)
=2496
p. 𝟓𝟏 × 𝟒𝟐
= 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟕 × 𝟔 × 𝟕
= 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐 ( special number 17 x6=102)
= 2142
LESSON 11
GENERAL MULTIPLICATION
b. 𝟔𝟑 × 𝟕
= 4221 ( from left to right 6x7=42, 3x7=21, 63x7=4221)
= 441
c. 𝟒𝟐𝟒 × 𝟒
= 16816 ( from left to right 4x4=16 , 2x4=8, 4x4=16)
= 1696
d. 𝟕𝟕𝟕 × 𝟑
= 212121
= 2331
e. 𝟔𝟓𝟒 × 𝟑
= 181512
= 1962
f. 𝟕𝟏𝟕 × 𝟖
= 56856
=5736
g. 𝟖𝟕𝟔 × 𝟕
= 564942
= 6132
Practice B :Multiply mentally
a. 2 2
multiply vertically 2 x3 = 6
× 3 1 multiply crosswise and add 2x1+2x3=8
…………………… multiply vertically 2 x1= 2
68 2
b. 2 1 𝟐×𝟑=𝟔
𝟐×𝟏+𝟏×𝟑 =𝟓
× 3 1 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
………………………….
65 1
c. 2 1 𝟐×𝟐=𝟒
𝟐×𝟐+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟔
2 2 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
………………………
46 2
d. 2 2 𝟐×𝟏=𝟐
𝟐×𝟑+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟖
× 1 3 𝟐×𝟑=𝟔
…………………….
28 6
e. 6 1 𝟔 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟖
𝟔×𝟏+𝟏×𝟑 =𝟗
× 3 1 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
………………………
1891
f. 3 2 𝟑×𝟐=𝟔
𝟑×𝟏+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟕
× 2 1 𝟐×𝟏=𝟐
……………………
67 2
g. 3 1 𝟑×𝟑=𝟗
𝟑×𝟏+𝟏×𝟑 =𝟔
3 1 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
………………………
96 1
h. 1 3 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
𝟏×𝟑+𝟑×𝟏 =𝟔
1 3 𝟑×𝟑=𝟗
……………………
16 9
b. 2 3 𝟐×𝟒=𝟖
𝟐 × 𝟑 + 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟖
× 4 3 𝟑×𝟑=𝟗
…………………
8 18 9
…………………
98 9
c. 2 4 𝟐×𝟐=𝟒
𝟐 × 𝟗 + 𝟒 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔
× 2 9 𝟒 × 𝟗 = 𝟑𝟔
…………………………
4 2 6 36
………………………..
69 6
d. 2 2 𝟐×𝟐=𝟒
𝟐 × 𝟖 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎
2 8 𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟔
……………………….
4 20 16
………………………..
61 6
e. 2 2 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐 × 𝟑 + 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟔
5 3 𝟐×𝟑=𝟔
…………………….
10 16 6
……………………..
1166
f. 3 1 𝟑×𝟑=𝟗
𝟑 × 𝟔 + 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟏
3 6 𝟏×𝟔=𝟔
……………………..
9 21 6
……………………..
1116
g. 2 2 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐 × 𝟔 + 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟐
5 6 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟐
…………………..
10 22 12
………………………….
1232
h. 3 1 𝟑 × 𝟕 = 𝟐𝟏
𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟑
7 2 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
………………………
21 13 2
……………………
22 3 2
i. 4 4 𝟒 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟎
𝟒 × 𝟑 + 𝟒 × 𝟓 = 𝟑𝟐
5 3 𝟒 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
…………………………
20 32 12
……………………………
23 3 2
j. 3 3 𝟑 × 𝟖 = 𝟐𝟒
𝟑 × 𝟒 + 𝟑 × 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟔
8 4 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
………………………
24 36 12
………………………
27 7 2
k. 3 3 𝟑 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 × 𝟗 + 𝟑 × 𝟔 = 𝟒𝟓
6 9 𝟑 × 𝟗 = 𝟐𝟕
……………………..
18 45 27
……………………..
2277
l. 3 4 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟒 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟐
4 2 𝟒×𝟐=𝟖
…………………
12 22 8
………………….
14 2 8
m. 3 3 𝟑×𝟑=𝟗
𝟑 × 𝟒 + 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟏
3 4 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
…………………….
9 2 1 12
………………………….
1122
n. 2 2 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟒
5 2 𝟐×𝟐=𝟒
…………………….
10 14 4
……………………
1144
o. 3 4 𝟑 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 × 𝟔 + 𝟒 × 𝟔 = 𝟒𝟐
6 6 𝟒 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒
……………………..
18 42 24
……………………..
2244
p. 5 1 𝟓 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓
𝟓 × 𝟒 + 𝟏 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓
5 4 𝟏×𝟒=𝟒
……………………..
25 25 4
…………………….
2754
q. 3 5 𝟑 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 × 𝟕 + 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟓𝟏
6 7 𝟓 × 𝟕 = 𝟑𝟓
……………………..
18 51 35
………………………….
2345
r. 5 5 𝟓 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓
𝟓 × 𝟗 + 𝟓 × 𝟓 = 𝟕𝟎
5 9 𝟓 × 𝟗 = 𝟒𝟓
……………………
25 70 45
………………………
3245
s. 5 4 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟎
𝟓 × 𝟒 + 𝟒 × 𝟔 = 𝟒𝟒
6 4 𝟒 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔
……………………
30 44 16
………………………
345 6
t. 5 5 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟎
𝟓 × 𝟑 + 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟒𝟓
6 3 𝟓 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓
………………….
30 45 15
…………………………
34 6 5
u. 4 4 𝟒 × 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐
𝟒 × 𝟏 + 𝟒 × 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟔
8 1 𝟒×𝟏=𝟒
………………………..
32 36 4
………………………….
35 6 4
v. 4 5 𝟒 × 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐
𝟒 × 𝟏 + 𝟓 × 𝟖 = 𝟒𝟒
8 1 𝟓×𝟏=𝟓
…………………
32 44 5
……………………
3645
w. 4 8 𝟒 × 𝟕 = 𝟐𝟖
𝟒 × 𝟐 + 𝟖 × 𝟕 = 𝟔𝟒
7 2 𝟖 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
……………………
28 64 16
……………………….
34 56
x. 3 4
× 1 9
………………………
3 31 36
…………………….
646
b. 3 2 1 𝟑 ×𝟐=𝟔
2 3 𝟑 × 𝟑 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑
………………………. 𝟐×𝟑+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟖
6 13 8 3 𝟏×𝟑=𝟑
………………………….
73 8 3
c. 4 2 1 𝟒 ×2= 8
2 2 𝟒 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐
………………………… 𝟐×𝟐+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟔
8 12 6 2 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
…………………………..
92 6 2
d. 3 2 1 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
4 1 𝟑 × 𝟏 + 𝟐 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟏
………………………… 𝟐×𝟏+𝟒×𝟏 =𝟔
12 11 6 1 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
……………………….
13 1 6 1
e. 1 2 1 2 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
2 1 𝟏×𝟏+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟓
……………………… 𝟐×𝟏+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟒
25 4 5 2 𝟏×𝟏+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟓
𝟐×𝟏=𝟐
f. 1 3 3 1 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
2 2 𝟏×𝟐+𝟑×𝟐 =𝟖
……………………. 𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐
2 8 12 8 2 𝟑×𝟐+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟖
……………………….. 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
29 2 8 2
g. 1 3 1 3 𝟏×𝟑=𝟑
3 1 𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎
…………………….. 𝟑×𝟏+𝟏×𝟑 =𝟔
3 1 0 6 10 3 𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎
…………………………. 𝟑×𝟏=𝟑
40 7 0 3
h. 1 1 2 2 1 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
2 2 𝟏×𝟐+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟒
………………………… 𝟏×𝟐+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟔
24 6 8 6 2 𝟐×𝟐+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟖
𝟐×𝟐+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟔
𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
c. 1 2 3 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
12 2 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟑 = 𝟔𝟎
……………………. 𝟑×𝟐=𝟔
144 60 6
………………………..
150 0 6
d. 1 1 2 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐
12 3 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟓𝟕
…………………….. 𝟐×𝟑=𝟔
132 57 6
……………………….
137 7 6
e. 42 1 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟖𝟒
2 2 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟐 = 𝟖𝟔
……………………… 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
84 86 2
……………………….
92 6 2
………………………………
1249 49
c. 20 3 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟒𝟑 = 𝟖𝟔𝟎
43 2 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐 + 𝟑 × 𝟒𝟑 = 𝟏𝟔𝟗
………………………….. 𝟑×𝟐=𝟔
860 169 6
………………………………
876 9 6
d. 2 1 1 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟑𝟏 = 𝟔𝟓𝟏
3 1 1 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟑𝟏 = 𝟓𝟐
………………………………. 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
651 52 1
…………………………….
656 2 1
e. 50 4 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
50 4 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟒 + 𝟒 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎
……………………………… 𝟒 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔
2500 400 16
……………………………..
2540 16
f. 5 0 1 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
50 1 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
…………………………. 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
2500 100 1
…………………………..
2510 01
g. 71 2 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟕𝟖𝟏
11 2 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔𝟒
………………………………… 𝟐×𝟐=𝟒
781 164 4
………………………………
797 4 4
h. 7 0 3 𝟕𝟎 × 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟕𝟎
21 1 𝟕𝟎 × 𝟏 + 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑𝟑
……………………………. 𝟑×𝟏=𝟑
1470 133 3
…………………………………
1483 3 3
Practice G : Multiply
a. ( 𝒙 + 𝟓) (𝒙 + 𝟔)
𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟔 + 𝟓 × 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟔 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟎
……………………………………
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟑𝟎
b. ( 𝒙 + 𝟐) ( 𝒙 + 𝟗)
𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟗 + 𝟐 × 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟗 𝟐 × 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟖
……………………………………..
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖
c. ( 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎) (𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎 × 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎
………………………………………..
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎
d. (𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎)(𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎)
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝟎 × 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎
……………………………………………..
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎 𝒙 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎
e. (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
………………………………………….
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
f. (𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟐𝟖)
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟖
…………………………………………
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝟎𝒙 + 𝟔𝟏𝟔
g. (𝒚 + 𝟓𝟐)(𝒚 + 𝟒)
𝒚 + 𝟓𝟐
𝒚 + 𝟒
……………………………………….
𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝟔𝒚 + 𝟐𝟎𝟖
h. (𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟒
𝒙 + 𝟒
……………………………………..
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔
Practice H : Multiply the following
a. (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝒙 + 𝟒)
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 𝟐𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝟐𝒙 × 𝟒 + 𝟓 × 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟒 𝟓 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟎
………………………………………
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
b. (𝒙 + 𝟖)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏)
𝒙 + 𝟖 𝒙 × 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟖 × 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓𝒙
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟖𝟖
…………………………………….
𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟓𝒙 + 𝟖𝟖
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
……………………………………..
𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
d. (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕)
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕
…………………………………………
𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝟏
e. (𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑)( 𝒙 + 𝟔)
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑
𝒙 + 𝟔
………………………………………..
𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖
f. (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟕)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒)
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟕
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒
……………………………………
𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔𝟖
g. (𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏
………………………………….
𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟏
h. (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓)
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓
………………………………….
𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓
i. (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓)
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓
……………………………….
𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚
………………………………………….
𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟓 𝒚𝟐
k. (𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚)
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚
………………………………………..
𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟗𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚𝟐
L (𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚)(𝟕𝒙 + 𝒚)
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚
𝟕𝒙 + 𝒚
………………………………..
𝟐𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝒚 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐
Practice I : Multiply
a. (𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝒙 − 𝟓)
𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × (−𝟓) + 𝟑 × 𝒙 = −𝟐𝒙
𝒙 − 𝟓 𝟑 × (−𝟓) = −𝟏𝟓
……………………………….
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓
b. (𝒙 + 𝟕)(𝒙 − 𝟐)
𝒙 + 𝟕 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
−𝟐 × 𝒙 + 𝟕 × 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙
𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟕 × (−𝟐) = −𝟏𝟒
…………………………..
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏𝟒
c. (𝒙 − 𝟒)(𝒙 + 𝟓)
𝒙 − 𝟒
𝒙 + 𝟓
……………………………
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐𝟎
d. (𝒙 − 𝟓)(𝒙 − 𝟒)
𝒙 − 𝟓
𝒙 − 𝟒
……………………………
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
e. (𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 − 𝟑)
𝒙 − 𝟑
𝒙 − 𝟑
………………………..
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗
f. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟒)
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
𝒙 + 𝟒
…………………………….
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐
g. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔)
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔
……………………………….
𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 – 𝟏𝟖
h. (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟕)
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏
𝒙 + 𝟕
………………………………
𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝒙 − 𝟕
Practice J : Multiply ( there are no carries in the first few
sums)
a. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 ×𝟏=𝟏
𝟏×𝟑+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟓
× 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏×𝟏+𝟐×𝟑+𝟏×𝟏 =𝟖
…………………………. 𝟐×𝟏 +𝟏×𝟑 =𝟓
𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟓𝟏 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
b. 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
𝟏×𝟏+𝟑×𝟐 =𝟕
× 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏×𝟐+𝟑×𝟏+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟕
………………………… 𝟑×𝟐+𝟏×𝟏 =𝟕
𝟐 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟐 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
c. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
× 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
……………………
𝟐𝟔𝟖 𝟔 𝟐
d. 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
×𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
………………………
𝟑𝟕𝟖𝟕𝟑
e. 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
× 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
…………………..
6 5 13 5 6
……………………………
66 3 5 6
f. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
× 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
………………………..
3 8 14 8 3
……………………………
39 4 8 3
g. 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
× 𝟒 𝟏 𝟒
………………………………
8 6 17 6 8
………………………………..
87 7 6 8
h. 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
× 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
…………………………………..
6 12 18 12 6
……………………………….
7 3 9 2 6
i. 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔
× 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
………………………….
6 18 3 6 3 0 18
……………………………………..
8 1 9 1 8
j. 𝟏 𝟎 𝟓
× 𝟓 𝟎 𝟕
……………………..
5 0 32 0 35
…………………………..
53 2 3 5
k. 𝟏 𝟎 𝟔
× 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
…………………………….
2 2 14 12 12
…………………………..
23 5 3 2
l. 5 1 5
× 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
………………………………….
25 30 55 30 25
………………………………………
28 5 8 2 5
m. 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
× 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕
…………………………………..
28 56 84 56 28
………………………………………
34 4 9 8 8
n. 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
× 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
…………………………….
9 12 10 4 1
………………………………
10 3 0 4 1
O. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
× 𝟐 𝟕 𝟏
………………………………..
2 11 2 1 2 3 3
………………………………….
3 3 3 3 3
p. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
× 𝟑 𝟓 𝟔
………………………………
3 11 28 3 2 24
……………………………
4 4 1 4 4
× 𝟐 𝟐
………………….
4 10 6
…………………
50 6
c. 𝟔 𝟏
× 𝟒 𝟐
…………………….
24 16 2
………………………..
25 6 2
d. 𝟓 𝟐
× 𝟓 𝟑
……………………..
25 25 6
………………………..
27 5 6
e. 𝟓 𝟒
× 𝟒 𝟓
…………………..
20 41 20
………………………..
24 3 0
f. 𝟕 𝟖
× 𝟑 𝟑
………………….
21 45 24
………………………….
25 7 4
g. 𝟏 𝟕
× 𝟕 𝟏
…………………….
7 50 7
…………………..
12 0 7
h. 𝟖 𝟖
× 𝟖 𝟖
………………………
64 128 64
………………………….
77 4 4
i. 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
× 𝟑 𝟐
……………………….
6 13 9 2
…………………………
73 9 2
j. 𝟒 𝟏 𝟔
× 𝟒 𝟏
……………………………..
16 8 25 6
……………………………..
17 0 5 6
k. 𝟏 𝟖 𝟐
× 𝟐 𝟑
………………………..
2 19 28 6
…………………………..
41 8 6
l. 𝟒 𝟕 𝟑
× 𝟑 𝟕
……………………………
12 49 58 21
…………………………………
17 5 0 1
m. 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐
× 𝟑 𝟐
…………………………..
15 22 17 12 4
…………………………………….
17 3 8 2 4
n. 𝟔 𝟎 𝟏 𝟒
× 𝟐 𝟒
………………………….
12 24 2 12 16
………………………………….
14 4 3 3 6
o. 3 3 3 3
× 𝟐 𝟐
………………………………..
6 12 12 12 6
………………………………..
7 3 3 2 6
p. 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
× 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
………………………..
12 24 36 24 12
…………………………………
14 7 8 5 2
q. 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑
× 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
……………………………
15 32 50 32 15
………………………………….
18 7 3 3 5
r. 𝟕 𝟎 𝟕
× 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
………………………..
21 21 42 21 21
…………………………………….
23 5 4 3 1
LESSON 12
SQUARING
b. 𝟏𝟓
𝟏𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏 × 𝟐 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
1st part is multiply 1 with one more of 1 i.e 2 .it is 1 x 2 = 2
2nd part is 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
c. 𝟖 𝟏⁄𝟐
𝟐
𝟖 𝟏⁄𝟐 = 𝟖 × 𝟗 | 𝟏⁄𝟒 = 𝟕𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟒
d. 𝟗𝟓
𝟗𝟓𝟐 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓
e. 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟏 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓
f. 𝟏𝟗𝟓
𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗 × 𝟐𝟎 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟑𝟖𝟎𝟐𝟓
g. 𝟏𝟓𝟓
𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟔 | 𝟐𝟓
h. 𝟐𝟒𝟓
𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟐𝟓 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
i. 𝟑𝟓
𝟑𝟓𝟐 = 𝟑 × 𝟒 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟓
j. 𝟐𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟐
𝟐
𝟐𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐𝟏 | 𝟏⁄𝟒 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟒
k. 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟓
𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟐 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 × 𝟖𝟎𝟏 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
l. 𝟑𝟓𝟎
𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟐 = 𝟑 × 𝟒 | 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
n. 𝟑𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟒
First part is 30 which is 5 x 6 .so 1st digit must be 5
𝟐
Second part is 𝟏⁄𝟒 which is 𝟏⁄𝟐 , so last digit is 𝟏⁄𝟐
So the number is 𝟓 𝟏⁄𝟐 , when squared gives 𝟑𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟒
o. 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
First part is 90 which is 9 x 10 . so 1st digit must be 9
Second part is 2500 which is 𝟓𝟎𝟐 , so last digit is 50
So the number is 950 , when squared gives 902500
Practice B : find
a. 𝟓𝟒𝟐
As this is a 2 digit number so square of this number must have 4
digits
𝟓𝟒𝟐 = 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟒 | 𝟒𝟐 = 25+4 | 16 = 2916
b. 𝟓𝟔𝟐
= 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟔 | 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟔
c. 𝟓𝟕𝟐
= 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟕 | 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟗
d. 𝟓𝟖𝟐
= 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟖 | 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟒
e. 𝟔𝟏𝟐
[𝟓𝟎 + 𝟏𝟏]𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 (𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟏) + 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏 = 𝟑𝟕𝟐𝟏
f. 𝟔𝟐𝟐
= (𝟓𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎( 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟐) + 𝟏𝟐𝟐 = 𝟑𝟕𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟒𝟒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒𝟒
g. 𝟓𝟏𝟐
= 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟏 | 𝟏𝟐 = 25+1 | 01 = 2601
b. 𝟒𝟒
𝟒𝟒𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟔) + 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎 + 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟔
c. 𝟒𝟐
𝟒𝟐𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟖)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟖) + 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟎 + 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟒
d. 𝟑𝟗
𝟑𝟗𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟏) + 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟏
e. 𝟒𝟑
𝟒𝟑𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟕)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟕) + 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 + 𝟒𝟗 = 𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗
f. 𝟒𝟗
𝟒𝟗𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏) + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟏
g. 𝟒𝟏
𝟒𝟏𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟗)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟗) + 𝟗𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝟖𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟏
h. 𝟑𝟕
𝟑𝟕𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟑) + 𝟏𝟑𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟔𝟗 = 𝟏𝟑𝟔𝟗
b. 𝟐𝟑
𝑫(𝟐𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
c. 𝟓𝟓
𝑫(𝟓𝟓) = 𝟐 × 𝟓 × 𝟓 = 𝟓𝟎
d. 𝟐
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒
e. 𝟏𝟒
𝑫(𝟏𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟒 = 𝟖
f. 𝟕𝟕
𝑫(𝟕𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝟕 × 𝟕 = 𝟗𝟖
g. 𝟐𝟔
𝑫(𝟐𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒
h. 𝟗𝟎
𝑫(𝟗𝟎) = 𝟐 × 𝟗 × 𝟎 = 𝟎
b. 𝟏𝟒
𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏 𝑫(𝟏𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟒 = 𝟖 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
So 𝟏𝟒𝟐 =1 8 16= 196
c. 𝟒𝟏
𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 𝑫(𝟒𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟒 × 𝟏 = 𝟖 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
So 𝟒𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 𝟖 𝟏
d. 𝟐𝟔
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
So 𝟐𝟔 = 4 24 36 = 676
𝟐
e. 𝟐𝟑
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗
So 𝟐𝟑 = 4 12 9 = 529
𝟐
f. 𝟑𝟐
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟗 𝑫(𝟑𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒
So 𝟑𝟐 = 9 12 4 = 1024
𝟐
g. 𝟐𝟏
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫( 𝟐𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
So 𝟐𝟏𝟐 = 𝟒 𝟒 𝟏
h. 𝟔𝟔
𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑫(𝟔𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟔 = 𝟕𝟐 𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟑𝟔
So 𝟔𝟔 = 36 72 36 = 4356
𝟐
i. 𝟖𝟏
𝑫( 𝟖) = 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒 𝑫(𝟖𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟖 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
So 𝟖𝟏 = 64 16 1= 6561
𝟐
j. 𝟗𝟏
𝑫(𝟗) = 𝟗𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏 𝑫(𝟗𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟗 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏
So 𝟗𝟏 = 81 18 1= 8281
𝟐
k. 𝟓𝟔
𝑫(𝟓) = 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑫(𝟓𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟔𝟎 𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
So 𝟓𝟔 = 25 60 36 = 3136
𝟐
l. 𝟔𝟑
𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑫(𝟔𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟑 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟗
So 𝟔𝟑 = 36 36 9 = 3969
𝟐
m. 𝟕𝟕
𝑫(𝟕) = 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗 𝑫(𝟕𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝟕 × 𝟕 = 𝟗𝟖 𝑫(𝟕) = 𝟒𝟗
So 𝟕𝟕 = 49 98 49 = 5929
𝟐
n. 𝟑𝟑
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 𝑫(𝟑𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟖 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟗
So 𝟑𝟑 = 9 18 9 = 1089
𝟐
b. 𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝑫(𝟏𝟎) = 𝟏𝟎𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 D(10/4)= 2 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟒 = 𝟖𝟎 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔
So 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝟐
= 100 80 16 = 10816
c. 𝟐𝟎𝟑
𝑫(𝟐𝟎) = 𝟐𝟎𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 D(20/3)= 2× 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟗
So 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟐 = 400 120 9 = 41209
d. 𝟏𝟏𝟑
𝑫(𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏 D(11/3)= 2× 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟔𝟔 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟗
So 𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟐 = 121 66 9= 127 69
e. 𝟏𝟏𝟔
𝑫(𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏 D(11/6)= 2× 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐 𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟑𝟔
So 𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟐 = 121 132 36 = 134 56
f. 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝑫(𝟏𝟎) = 𝟏𝟎𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 D(10/8)= 2× 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝑫(𝟖) = 𝟔𝟒
So 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝟐
=100 160 64 = 116 64
g. 𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝑫(𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏 D(11/1)= 2× 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐 D(1)=1
So 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 121 22 1 = 123 21
b. 𝟒𝟏𝟐
𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 D(4/12)=2× 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟗𝟔 𝑫(𝟏𝟐) = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
So 𝟒𝟏𝟐𝟐 = 16 96 144= 169 744
c. 𝟑𝟎𝟒
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 D(3/04)= 2 × 𝟑 × 𝟎𝟒 =24 𝑫(𝟎𝟒) = 𝟎𝟏𝟔
So 𝟑𝟎𝟒 = 9 24 016= 924 16
𝟐
d. 𝟗𝟎𝟐
𝑫(𝟗) = 𝟗𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏 D( 9/02)= 2× 𝟗 × 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑫(𝟎𝟐) = 𝟎𝟒
So 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟐 = 81 36 04= 813 604
e. 𝟒𝟎𝟕
𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 D(4/07)= 2× 𝟒 × 𝟎𝟕 = 𝟓𝟔 𝑫(𝟎𝟕) = 𝟎𝟕𝟐 = 𝟎𝟒𝟗
So 𝟒𝟎𝟕𝟐 = 16 56 049 = 165 649
f. 𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 D(2/22)= 2× 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟖𝟖 𝑫(𝟐𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒𝟖𝟒
So 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 4 88 484 = 49 284
g. 𝟕𝟏𝟏
𝑫(𝟕) = 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗 D(7/11)= 2× 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓𝟒 𝑫(𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐𝟏
So 𝟕𝟏𝟏 𝟐
= 49 154 121 = 50 55 21 = 505 521
c. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝑫(𝟐𝒙) = (𝟐𝒙)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝒙 × (−𝟏) = −𝟒𝒙 𝑫(−𝟏) = 𝟏
So (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏) = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
d. (𝒙 + 𝟕)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 + 𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟒𝒙 𝑫(𝟕) = 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗
So (𝒙 + 𝟕) = 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟗
𝟐 𝟐
e. (𝒙 − 𝟓)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 − 𝟓) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × (−𝟓) = −𝟏𝟎𝒙 𝑫(−𝟓) = 𝟐𝟓
So (𝒙 − 𝟓) = 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓
𝟐 𝟐
f. (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙𝒚 𝑫(𝟐𝒚) = (𝟐𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚𝟐
So (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐
𝟐
g. (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚)
𝑫(𝟑𝒙) = (𝟑𝒙)𝟐 = 𝟗𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝟑𝒙 × 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝒚
𝟐 𝟐
𝑫(𝟓𝒚) = (𝟓𝒚) = 𝟐𝟓𝒚
So (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝒚 + 𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟐
h. (𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃)
𝑫(𝟐𝒂) = (𝟐𝒂)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝑫(𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃) = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝟒𝒂𝒃 𝑫(𝒃) = 𝒃𝟐
So (𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃) = 𝟒𝒂 + 𝟒𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
i. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚)
𝑫(𝟐𝒙) = (𝟐𝒙)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝒙 × (−𝟑𝒚) = −𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚
𝑫(−𝟑𝒚) = (−𝟑𝒚) = 𝟗𝒚
𝟐 𝟐
j. (𝒙 + 𝒚)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝑫(𝒚) = 𝒚𝟐
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐
k. (𝒙 − 𝒚)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 − 𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × (−𝒚) = −𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝑫(−𝒚) = 𝒚𝟐
So (𝒙 − 𝒚) = 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
l. (𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × (−𝟖𝒚) = −𝟏𝟔𝒙𝒚
𝑫(−𝟖𝒚) = (−𝟖𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒𝒚𝟐
So (𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚)𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟔𝟒𝒚𝟐
b. 5776
Here number ends in 6 and digit sum is 5+7+7+6= 25=2+5=7
So this is a square number .
( Square number ends in 0,1,4,5,6 , 9 and digit sum of square
number must be 1, 4 , 7, 9 )
c. 6889
Here number ends in 9 and digit sum is 6+8+8+9= 31=3+1=4
So 6889 is a square number.
d. 5271
Here number ends in 1 and digit sum is 5+1=6
So 5271 is not a square number as digit sum is 6
e. 104976
Here number ends in 6 and digit sum is 1+4+7+6= 18=9
So 104976 is a square number
f. 65436
Here number ends in 6 and digit sum is 6 (casting out all 9)
So 65436 is not a square number.
g. 27478
Here number ends in 8 and digit sum is 4+7+8= 19=1
So 27478 is not a square number as 27478 ends in 8
h. 75379
Here number ends in 9 and digit sum is 7+5+3+7= 22=4
So 75379 is a square number.
b. 5329
53 lies between 49 and 64 , so 1st digit must be 7( i.e 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗)
Last digit is 9 so either it will be 73 or 77
𝟕𝟓𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓 , which is greater than 5329
So √𝟓𝟑𝟐𝟗 = 73
c. 1444
14 lies between 9 and 16 , so 1st digit must be 3 ( 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗)
Last digit is 4 so either square root of 1444 is 32 or 38
𝟑𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 1444
So √𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟒 = 𝟑𝟖
d. 6724
67 lies between 64 and 81 , so 1st digit must be 8 (𝟖𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒)
Last digit is 4 so either square root of 6724 will be 82 or 88
𝟖𝟓𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐𝟐𝟓 , which is greater than 6724
So √𝟔𝟕𝟐𝟒 = 𝟖𝟐
e. 3481
34 lies between 25 and 36 , so 1st digit must be 5 (𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓)
Last digit is 1 so square root of 3481 will be either 51 or 59
𝟓𝟓𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 3481
So √𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟏 = 59
f. 4489
44 lies between 36 and 49 , so 1st digit must be 6 (𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔)
Last digit is 9 so square root of 4489 will be either 63 or 67
𝟔𝟓𝟐 = 𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 4489
So √𝟒𝟒𝟖𝟗 = 𝟔𝟕
g. 8836
88 lies between 81 and 100 , so 1st digit must be 9 (𝟗𝟐 = 81)
Last digit is 6 , so square root of 8836 will be either 94 or 96
𝟗𝟓𝟐 = 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓 , which is greater than 8836
So √𝟖𝟖𝟑𝟔 = 𝟗𝟒
h. 361
3 lies between 1 and 4 , so 1st digit must be 1 (𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏)
Last digit is 1 , so square root of 361 will be either 11 or 19
𝟏𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 361
So √𝟑𝟔𝟏 = 𝟏𝟗
i. 784
7 lies between 4 and 9 , so 1st digit must be 2 (𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒)
Last digit is 4 , so square root of 784 will be either 22 or 28
𝟐𝟓𝟐 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 784
So √𝟔𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐𝟖
j. 3721
37 lies between 36 and 49 , so 1st digit must be 6 (𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔)
Last digit is 1 , so square root of 3721 will be either 61 or 69
𝟔𝟓𝟐 = 𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟓 , which is greater than 3721
So √𝟑𝟕𝟐𝟏 = 𝟔𝟏
k 2209
22 lies between 16 and 25 , so 1st digit must be 4 (𝟒𝟐 = 16)
Last digit is 9 , so square root of 2209 will be either 43 or 47
𝟒𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 2209
So √𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟗 = 𝟒𝟕
l. 4225
42 lies between 36 and 49 , so 1st digit must be 6 (𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔)
Last digit is 5 , so square root of 4225 must be 65
So √𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟓 = 𝟔𝟓
m. 9604
96 lies between 81 and 100 , so 1st digit must be 9 (𝟗𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏)
Last digit is 4 , so square root of 9604 will be either 92 or 98
𝟗𝟓𝟐 = 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 9604
So √𝟗𝟔𝟎𝟒 = 𝟗𝟖
n. 5929
59 lies between 49 and 64 , so 1st digit must be 7 (𝟕𝟐 = 49)
Last digit is 9 , so square root of 5929 will be either 73 or 77
𝟕𝟓𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 5929
So √𝟓𝟗𝟐𝟗 = 𝟕𝟕
b. 34
𝑫(𝟑𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟒
c. 47
𝑫(𝟒𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝟒 × 𝟕 = 𝟓𝟔
d. 1
𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
e. 88
𝑫(𝟖𝟖) = 𝟐 × 𝟖 × 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖
f. 234
𝑫(𝟐𝟑𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟒 + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
g. 282
𝑫(𝟐𝟖𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐
h. 111
𝑫(𝟏𝟏𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑
i. 304
𝑫(𝟑𝟎𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟒 + 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒
j. 270
𝑫(𝟐𝟕𝟎) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟎 + 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗
k. 1234
𝑫(𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟒 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟎
l. 3032
𝑫(𝟑𝟎𝟑𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟎 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
m. 7130
𝑫(𝟕𝟏𝟑𝟎) = 𝟐 × 𝟕 × 𝟎 + 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟔
n. 20121
𝑫(𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟎 × 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟓
o. 32104
𝑫(𝟑𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟒 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
c. 204
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟎) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟎 = 𝟎 𝑫(𝟐𝟎𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟒 + 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
𝑫(𝟎𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟎 × 𝟒 = 𝟎 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
So (𝟐𝟎𝟒)𝟐 = 4 0 16 0 16 =41 616
d. 513
𝑫(𝟓) = 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑫(𝟓𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟓 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑫(𝟓𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟓 × 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑𝟏
𝑫(𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗
So (𝟓𝟏𝟑)𝟐 = 25 10 31 6 9 = 263 169
e. 263
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟔𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟑 + 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟒𝟖
𝟐
𝑫(𝟔𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟑 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑 = 𝟗
So (𝟐𝟔𝟑) = 4 24 48 36 9 = 69 169
𝟐
f. 𝟐𝟔𝟒
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟔𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟒 + 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟓𝟐
𝑫(𝟔𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟒 = 𝟒𝟖 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
So (𝟐𝟔𝟒)𝟐 = 4 24 52 48 16 = 69 696
g. 313
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 𝑫(𝟑𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟏 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟑𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗
𝑫(𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗
So (𝟑𝟏𝟑)𝟐 = 9 6 19 6 9 = 97 969
h. 217
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟏𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟕 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟗
𝑫(𝟏𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑫(𝟕) = 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗
So (𝟐𝟏𝟕)𝟐 = 4 4 29 14 49 = 47 089
i. 3103
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 𝑫(𝟑𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟏 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟑𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
𝑫(𝟑𝟏𝟎𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟑 + 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖 𝑫(𝟏𝟎𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟔
𝑫(𝟎𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟎 × 𝟑 = 𝟎 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗
So (𝟑𝟏𝟎𝟑)𝟐 = 9 6 1 18 6 0 9 = 9 628 609
j. 2132
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑
𝑫(𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑫(𝟏𝟑𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑
𝑫(𝟑𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒
So (𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟐)𝟐 = 4 4 13 14 13 12 4 = 4 545 424
k. 1414
𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏 𝑫(𝟏𝟒) = 𝟖 𝑫(𝟏𝟒𝟏) = 𝟏𝟖 𝑫(𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔
𝑫(𝟒𝟏𝟒) = 𝟑𝟑 𝑫(𝟏𝟒) = 𝟖 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔
So (𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟒)𝟐 = 1 8 18 16 33 8 16 = 1 999 396
l. 4144
𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔 𝑫(𝟒𝟏) = 𝟖 𝑫(𝟒𝟏𝟒) = 𝟑𝟑 𝑫(𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟒) = 𝟒𝟎
𝑫(𝟏𝟒𝟒) = 𝟐𝟒 𝑫(𝟒𝟒) = 𝟑𝟐 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔
So (𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟒) = 16 8 33 40 24 32 16 = 17 172 736
𝟐
LESSON 13
EQUATIONS
b. 𝒙 − 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑 By Transpose and Apply sutra of VM
c. 𝟐𝟎 + 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟖𝟎 By Transpose and Apply sutra
d. 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟗 = 𝟒𝟒
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟗 + 𝟒𝟒 = 𝟔𝟑
e. 𝒙 + 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟏𝟐
f. 𝒙 − 𝟑 𝟏⁄𝟐 = 𝟒 𝟏⁄𝟐
𝒙= 𝟖
g. 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐𝟑 = 𝟖𝟕𝟕
h. 𝒙 + 𝟏. 𝟑 = 𝟓
𝒙 = 𝟓 − 𝟏. 𝟑 = 𝟑. 𝟕
i. 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓
𝟑𝟓
𝒙= =𝟕
𝟓
j. 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐𝟔
𝟐𝟔
𝒙= = 𝟏𝟑
𝟐
k. 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟗𝟔𝟎
𝟗𝟔𝟎
𝒙= = 𝟑𝟐𝟎
𝟑
l. 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟕𝟔
𝟕𝟔
𝒙= = 𝟑𝟖
𝟐
m. 𝟒𝟎𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝒙= =𝟑
𝟒𝟎
n. 𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎×𝟐
𝒙= = = 𝟒
𝟐𝟏⁄𝟐 𝟓
𝒙
o. =𝟕
𝟕
𝒙 = 𝟕 × 𝟕 = 𝟒𝟗
𝒙
p. =𝟓
𝟒
𝒙 = 𝟒 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟎
b. 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎
𝒙= 𝟐 =𝟓
c. 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟓 = 𝟕
𝟒𝒙 = 𝟕 + 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟐
𝒙= 𝟑
d. 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟖
𝒙=𝟔
𝒙
e. +𝟒=𝟔
𝟑
𝒙
=𝟔−𝟒=𝟐
𝟑
𝒙=𝟑×𝟐=𝟔
𝒙
f. −𝟖 = 𝟐
𝟐
𝒙
= 𝟐 + 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎
𝟐𝒙
g. =𝟖
𝟑
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑 × 𝟖 = 𝟐𝟒
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐
𝒙+𝟒
h. =𝟓
𝟕
𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟓 × 𝟕 = 𝟑𝟓
𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓 − 𝟒 = 𝟑𝟏
𝒙−𝟐𝟏
i. =𝟏
𝟏𝟎
𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟑𝟏
j. 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟑. 𝟖
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑. 𝟖 − 𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟖
𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟒
𝟑𝒙
=𝟒+𝟓=𝟗
𝟓
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟒𝟓
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓
𝟕𝒙
c. − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏
𝟐
𝟕𝒙
= 𝟐𝟏
𝟐
𝟕𝒙 = 𝟒𝟐
𝒙= 𝟔
𝟑𝒙
d. + 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟐𝟎
𝟖
𝟑𝒙
= 𝟑
𝟖
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟐𝟒
𝒙=𝟖
𝟐𝒙+𝟏
e. =𝟒
𝟑
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏
𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟓
𝟐𝒙−𝟑
f. =𝟑
𝟓
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖
𝒙=𝟗
𝟓𝒙+𝟐
g. =𝟗
𝟑
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟕
𝟓𝒙 = 𝟐𝟓
𝒙=𝟓
𝟔𝒙−𝟏
h. =𝟓𝟕
𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟑𝟓
𝟔𝒙 = 𝟑𝟔
𝒙=𝟔
i. 𝟑 (𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐) = 𝟓𝟒
𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖
𝟓𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎
𝒙 =𝟒
j. 𝟖(𝒙 + 𝟑) = 𝟔𝟒
𝒙+𝟑=𝟖
𝒙=𝟖−𝟑=𝟓
k. 𝟑 (𝟕𝒙 − 𝟑) = 𝟑𝟑
𝟕𝒙 − 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏
𝟕𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒
𝒙=𝟐
l. 𝟐(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑) = 𝟏𝟎𝟐
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟓𝟏
𝟒𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟑
=
𝟐𝟎
𝟑 𝟐
b. +
𝟖 𝟓
𝟑×𝟓+𝟐×𝟖 𝟑𝟏
= =
𝟖×𝟓 𝟒𝟎
𝟏 𝟐
c. +
𝟐 𝟓
𝟏×𝟓+𝟐×𝟐 𝟗
= =
𝟐×𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
d. 𝟏 +𝟐
𝟑 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟕 𝟕
= 𝟑 + + = 𝟑+ = 𝟑
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟑 𝟏
e. 𝟑 +𝟐
𝟒 𝟑
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
=𝟓+ + =𝟓+ =𝟓+𝟏 =𝟔
𝟒 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟑 𝟐
f. −
𝟓 𝟕
𝟑×𝟕−𝟐×𝟓 𝟏𝟏
= =
𝟓×𝟕 𝟑𝟓
𝟖 𝟏
g. −
𝟗 𝟐
𝟖×𝟐−𝟏×𝟗 𝟕
= =
𝟗×𝟐 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 𝟏
h. −
𝟒 𝟐𝟎
𝟑×𝟐𝟎−𝟏×𝟒 𝟓𝟔 𝟕
= = =
𝟒×𝟐𝟎 𝟖𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟑 𝟏
i. 𝟓 −𝟐
𝟓 𝟐
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟑+ − =𝟑+ =𝟑
𝟓 𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟐 𝟒
j. 𝟏𝟎 −𝟏
𝟑 𝟓
𝟐 𝟒 ̅
𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
= 𝟗+ − = 𝟗+ =𝟖+ =𝟖
𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
𝟓 𝟕
k. +
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟖
(𝟐) (𝟑)
Divide denominator by common factor of 12 and 18 i.e 6
𝟏𝟐 ÷ 𝟔 = 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟖 ÷ 𝟔 = 𝟑
Cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟑 + 𝟕 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟗
Cross multiply denominator 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
𝟓 𝟕 𝟐𝟗
So + =
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟖 𝟑𝟔
Practice B: Use simplification to add or subtract the following.
𝟏 𝟒
a. +
𝟑 𝟗
(𝟏) (𝟑)
Divide denominator by common factor of 3 and 9 i.e 3
𝟑 ÷ 𝟑 = 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟗 ÷ 𝟑 = 𝟑
Cross multiply 𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟒 × 𝟏 = 𝟕
Cross multiply denominator 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟗 × 𝟏 = 𝟗
𝟏 𝟒 𝟕
So + =
𝟑 𝟗 𝟗
𝟑 𝟏
b. +
𝟖 𝟔
(𝟒) (𝟑)
Divide denominator by common factor of 8 and 6 i.e 2
𝟖 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟒 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟔 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟑
Cross multiply 𝟑 × 𝟑 + 𝟏 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟑
Cross multiply denominator 𝟖 × 𝟑 = 𝟔 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟒
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟑
So + =
𝟖 𝟔 𝟐𝟒
𝟑 𝟑
c. +
𝟓 𝟏𝟎
(𝟏) (𝟐)
Divide denominator by common factor of 5 and 10 i.e 5
𝟓 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟎 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟐
Cross multiply 𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟑 × 𝟏 = 𝟗
Cross multiply denominator 𝟓 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟑 𝟑 𝟗
So + =
𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝟑
d. −
𝟔 𝟒
(𝟑) (𝟐)
Divide denominator by common factor of 6 and 4 i.e 2
𝟔 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟐
Cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟐 − 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟏
Cross multiply denominator 𝟔 × 𝟐 = 𝟒 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏
So − =
𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟑
e. +
𝟔 𝟒
(𝟑) (𝟐)
Divide denominator by common factor of 6 and 4 i.e 2
𝟔 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟐
Cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟐 + 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟗
Cross multiply denominator 𝟔 × 𝟐 = 𝟒 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏𝟗 𝟕
So + = = 𝟏 𝟏𝟐
𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟏
f. −
𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟕
( 𝟐) (𝟑)
Divide denominator by common factor of 18 and 27 i.e 9
𝟏𝟖 ÷ 𝟗 = 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟐𝟕 ÷ 𝟗 = 𝟑
Cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟑 − 𝟏 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑
Cross multiply denominator 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟕 × 𝟐 = 𝟓𝟒
𝟓 𝟏 𝟏𝟑
So − =
𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟕 𝟓𝟒
𝟑 𝟏
g. 𝟑𝟒 − 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 𝟏
= 𝟐+ −
𝟒 𝟖
𝟑×𝟐−𝟏×𝟏
= 𝟐+ 𝟖
𝟓
= 𝟐 + 𝟖
𝟓
= 𝟐𝟖
𝟕 𝟏𝟏
h. −
𝟑𝟔 𝟔𝟎
(𝟑) (𝟓)
Divide denominator by common factor of 36 and 60 i.e 12
𝟑𝟔 ÷ 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟔𝟎 ÷ 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟓
𝟕×𝟓−𝟏𝟏×𝟑
=
𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝟐
=
𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝟏
=
𝟗𝟎
𝟑 𝟖
b. ,
𝟒 𝟏𝟏
cross multiply 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟏 > 𝟖 × 𝟒
𝟖
so is smaller
𝟏𝟏
𝟖 𝟑
Fractions in ascending order are ,𝟒
𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟕 𝟑
c. , ,
𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟒
𝟐 𝟕
taking 1st 2 fractions , 𝟏𝟐
𝟑
𝟕
cross multiply 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐 > 𝟕 × 𝟑 . so is smaller.
𝟏𝟐
𝟕 𝟑 𝟕
Between , 𝟒 . cross multiply 𝟕 × 𝟒 < 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟐 . so is smaller.
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
Between , 𝟒 . cross multiply 𝟐 × 𝟒 < 𝟑 × 𝟑. . so is smaller.
𝟑 𝟑
𝟕 𝟐 𝟑
So Fractions in ascending order are , ,
𝟏𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝟓 𝟓 𝟔
d. , ,
𝟔 𝟖 𝟕
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
Between , . cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟖 > 𝟓 × 𝟔. so is smaller.
𝟔 𝟖 𝟖
𝟓 𝟔 𝟓
Between , 𝟕 . cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟕 < 𝟔 × 𝟖 . so is smaller.
𝟖 𝟖
𝟓 𝟔 𝟓
Between , . cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟕 < 𝟔 × 𝟔 . so is smaller.
𝟔 𝟕 𝟔
𝟓 𝟓 𝟔
So fractions in ascending order are , ,
𝟖 𝟔 𝟕
LESSON 15
SPECIAL DIVISION
Practice A: Divide by 9
a. 51 by 9
𝟗) 𝟓𝟏
… … … … … ….
𝟓 𝟔 Divide 51 by 9 is 5 R 6
b. 34 by 9
𝟗 ) 𝟑𝟒
………………..
𝟑 𝟕 Divide 34 by 9 is 3 R 7
c. 17 by 9
𝟗) 𝟏𝟕
……………….
𝟏 𝟖 = 1 R 8
d. 44 by 9
𝟗) 𝟒𝟒
…………………..
𝟒 𝟖 = 4 R 8
e. 60 by 9
𝟗) 𝟔𝟎
…………………..
𝟔 𝟔 = 𝟔 𝑹 𝟔
f. 71 by 9
𝟗 ) 𝟕𝟏
………………….
𝟕 𝟖 = 𝟕𝑹𝟖
g. 26 by 9
𝟗 ) 𝟐𝟔
…………………….
𝟐 𝟖 = 𝟐𝑹𝟖
h. 46 by 9
𝟗 ) 𝟒𝟔
……………………
𝟓 𝟏 = 𝟓 𝑹 𝟏
b. 𝟗 ) 𝟕𝟕
………………….
𝟖 𝟓 = 𝟖 𝑹 𝟓
c. 𝟗 ) 𝟓𝟖
………………….
𝟔 𝟒 = 𝟔 𝑹 𝟒
d. 𝟗 ) 𝟒𝟗
………………….
𝟓 𝟒 = 𝟓 𝑹 𝟒
e. 𝟗) 𝟔𝟒
…………………
𝟕 𝟏 = 𝟕 𝑹 𝟏
f. 𝟗) 𝟖𝟖
………………….
𝟗 𝟕 = 𝟗 𝑹 𝟕
g. 𝟗) 𝟗 𝟔
………………..
𝟏𝟎 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑹 𝟔
b. 𝟗)𝟑𝟏𝟐
………………………..
𝟑 𝟒 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟒 𝑹 𝟔
c. 𝟗 ) 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟐
……………………….
𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟒 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟒 𝑹 𝟔
d. 𝟗 ) 𝟒 𝟑 𝟏
………………………..
𝟒𝟕 𝟖 = 𝟒𝟕 𝑹 𝟖
e. 𝟗 ) 𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝟎
……………………….
𝟓𝟓 𝟖 𝟖 = 𝟓𝟓𝟖 𝑹 𝟖
f. 𝟗 ) 𝟕 𝟎 𝟕
…………………….
𝟕 𝟕 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟕 𝟖 𝑹 𝟓
g. 𝟗 ) 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟏 𝟎
………………………….
𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟔 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟔 𝑹 𝟔
h. 𝟗 ) 𝟏 𝟔 𝟒
……………………..
𝟏 𝟕 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏 𝟖 𝑹 𝟐
i. 𝟗 ) 𝟑𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝟐
………………………….
𝟑𝟒 𝟒𝟕 𝟗 =𝟑𝟒𝟒𝟖𝑹 𝟎
b. 𝟗 ) 𝟑𝟐𝟖 𝟐
…………………………
3 5 13 15 = 3 6 4 R 6
c. 𝟗 ) 𝟓𝟓 𝟓
…………………………
5 10 15 =6 1 R 6
d. 𝟗 ) 𝟖𝟐𝟓 𝟐
……………………………
8 10 15 17 =9 1 6 R 8
e. 𝟗 ) 𝟔 𝟔 𝟏
……………………
6 12 13 = 7 3 R 4
f. 𝟗 ) 𝟒𝟕𝟒 𝟏
…………………………..
4 11 1 5 1 6 = 5 2 6 R 7
g. 𝟗 ) 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟒 𝟓
…………………………..
1 3 6 10 15 = 1 3 7 1 R 6
h. 𝟗 ) 𝟒𝟕 𝟒 𝟕
……………………….
4 11 15 22 = 5 2 7 R 4
i. 𝟗) 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟖 𝟐
………………………..
2 2 2 10 1 2 = 2 2 3 1 R 3
b. 𝟗 ) 𝟑𝟐 𝟕 𝟐
…………………………
35 12 14 = 3 6 3 R 5
c. 𝟗 ) 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
………………………
5 10 15 = 6 1 R 6
d. 𝟗 ) 𝟖 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐
………………………….
8 10 15 17 = 9 1 6 R 8
e. 𝟗 ) 𝟔 𝟔 𝟏
………………………
6 12 13 = 73 R 4
f. 𝟗 ) 𝟒 𝟕 𝟒 𝟏
………………………….
4 11 15 16 = 5 2 6R 7
g. 𝟗 ) 𝟓 𝟕 𝟒 𝟕
………………………..
5 12 16 23 = 6 3 8 R 5
h. 𝟗 ) 𝟐 𝟗 𝟑 𝟖
…………………………..
2 11 14 22 = 3 2 6 R 4
i. 𝟗 ) 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
…………………………..
1 3 6 10 15 = 1 3 7 1R 6
j. 𝟗 ) 𝟕 𝟓 𝟎 𝟓 𝟕
……………………………………
7 12 12 17 24 = 8 33 9 R 6
k. 𝟗) 𝟒 𝟒 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
……………………………………
4 8 11 14 16 18 = 4 9 2 57 R 9 = 49258 R0 = 492 58
l. 𝟗 ) 𝟏 𝟗 𝟏 𝟖 𝟏 𝟔 𝟏
……………………………………………
1 10 1 1 19 20 26 27 = 2 1 2 11 2 8 R 9
=2 1 3 1 2 8 R 9
= 2 1 3 1 2 9 R 0 = 213129
b. 𝟖 ) 𝟏 𝟓
……………….
1 7 = 1 R7
c. 𝟖 ) 𝟐 𝟓
…………………….
2 9 = 2 R 9 = 3 R 1 As 9 contains one more 8 and 1 i.e
8+1. So 2 R 9 = 3 R 1
d. 𝟖 ) 𝟓 𝟏
……………………..
5 11 = 5 R 11 = 6 R 3 As 11 contains one more 8 and
3 i.e. 8+3 , so 5 R 11 = 6 R 3
c. 𝟖 ) 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
……………………
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑹 𝟒
d. 𝟖 ) 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒
…………………….
𝟐 𝟓 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑹 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟐𝟔 𝑹 𝟔 AS here remainder 14
contains one more 8 i.e 14= 8+6 , so one 8 added to 25 it will be 26
and remainder 6
e. 𝟖 ) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
………………………..
𝟏 𝟑 𝟖 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗 𝑹 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝑹 𝟏
As here remainder 17 contains one more 8 i.e 17=8+9. So one 8 added
to 138 it will be 139 and remainder 9 . remainder 9 contains one
more 8 i.e 9=8+1. So one 8 added to 139 it will be 140 and remainder
1.
Practice H: Try these.
a. 𝟕 ) 𝟏 𝟑 7 is 3 below 10. Multiply 1st digit by
………………….. 3 and add it to next digit i.e
𝟏 𝟔 = 𝟏 𝑹 𝟔 𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟑 = 𝟔 ,remainder is 6
b. 𝟕) 𝟑 𝟏
…………………..
𝟑 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑 𝑹 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟒 𝑹 𝟑
As here remainder is 10 contains one more 7 i.e 10= 7+3 . so one 7
added to 3 it will be 4 R 3
c. 𝟕 ) 𝟐 𝟑
…………………..
𝟐 𝟗 =𝟐 𝑹 𝟗= 𝟑 𝑹 𝟐
As here remainder 9 contains one more 7 i.e 9= 7+2 . so one more 7
added to 2 it will be 3 R 2
d. 𝟕 ) 𝟒 𝟎
……………………
𝟒 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑹 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟓 𝑹 𝟓
As here remainder 12 contains one more 7 i.e 12 = 7+5 . so one
more 7 added to 4 it will be 5 R 5
e. 𝟕 ) 𝟏 𝟎 𝟑
………………………….
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑 𝑹 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑹 𝟓
f. 𝟕 ) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
………………………….
𝟏 𝟒 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑹 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓 𝑹 𝟔
As here remainder 13 contains one more 7 i.e 13=7+6 . so one
more 7 added to 14 it will be 15 R 6
g. 𝟕 ) 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
………………………….
𝟏 𝟑 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟑 𝑹 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑹 𝟐
As here remainder 9 contains one more 7 i.e 10 = 7+2 . so one
more 7 added to 13 it will be 14 R 2
Practice I : Divide by 99
a. 99 ) 12 14 16
…………………………..
12 26 42 = 1226 R 42
b. 99 ) 21 31 41
………………………….
21 52 93 = 2152 R 93
c. 99 ) 33 22 11
……………………………
33 55 66 = 3355 R 66
d. 99 ) 28 28 28
……………………………..
28 56 84 = 2856 R 84
e. 99 ) 36 34 32
……………………………
36 70 102 = 3670 R 102 = 3671 R 3
Here Remainder 102 contains one more 99 . i.e 102 = 99+3 . so add
one more 99 to 3670 it will be 3671 R 3
f. 99 ) 11 22 11 22
……………………………….
11 33 44 66 = 113344 R 66
g. 99 ) 34 56
……………………..
34 90 = 34 R 90
Practice J : Divide by 98
a. 98 ) 11 22 03
………………………………….
11 44 91 = 1144 R 91
Here 98 is 2 below base 100. Write down first 11 then double 11
and add it to next digit i.e 11 x 2+22=44 . double 44 and then add it
to next 2 digit i.e 44 x 2 +03= 91 . so 112203 divided by 98 , it will
be 1144 R 91
b. 98 ) 10 20 10
………………………………
10 40 90 = 1040 R 90
c. 98 ) 13 13 13
……………………………..
13 39 91 = 1339 R 91
d. 98 ) 20 02 02
……………………………
20 42 86 = 2042 R 86
e. 98 ) 21 31
…………………………
21 73 = 21 R 73
b. 76 ) 2 11
……………………….
2 59 = 2 R 59
Here 76 is 24 below base 100 ( by All from 9 and last from 10) .
multiply 2 with 24 and add it to next digit i.e 2 x 24 + 11 = 59 . so
211 divided by 76 will be 2 R 59
C. 83 ) 1 32
………………………
1 49 = 1 R 49
Here 83 is 17 below base 100. Multiply 1st digit 1 with 17 and then
add it to next digit i.e 1 x 17+ 32 = 49 . so 132 divided by 83 will be
1 R 49
d. 98 ) 3 33
……………………..
3 39 = 3 R 39
e. 887 ) 1 223
…………………………
1 336 = 1 R 336
Here 887is 113 below base 1000 ( by All from 9 and last from 10).
Write first 1 and then multiply 1 with 113 and add it to next digit
i.e 1 x 113 +223 = 336. So 1223 divided by 887 will be 1 R 336.
f. 867 ) 1 513
……………………….
1 646 = 1 R 646
Here 867 is 133 below base 1000 (by all from 9 and last from 10) .
Write first 1 and then multiply first digit with 133and add it to net
digit i.e 1 x 133 + 513 = 646 . so 1513 divided by 867 will be
1 R 646
g. 779 ) 2 222
………………………
2 664 = 2 R 664
Here 779 is 221 below base 1000(by all from 9 and last from 10) .
Write first digit 2 and then multiply 1st digit with 221and add it to
222 i.e 2 x 221+ 222 = 664 . so 2222 divided by 779 will be
2 R 664
h. 765 ) 3 001
………………………..
3 236 = 3 R 706
Here 765 is 235 below base 1000. ( by all from 9 and last from 10).
Write down 1st digit 3 and then multiply 1st digit with 235 and then
add it to 001 i.e 3 x 235 +001 = 705 +001=706 . so 3001 divided by
765 will be 3 R 706
i. 8907 ) 1 3103
………………………………
1 4196 = 1 R 4196
Here 8907 is 1093 below base 10000 (by all from 9 and last from
10) Write down 1st digit 1 and then multiply 1st digit with 1093 and
then add it to next 4 digit as 8907is 4 digit number
i.e 1x 1093 + 3103 = 4196 . so 13103 divided by 8907 will be
1 R 4196
j. 7999 ) 1 2321
……………………………..
1 4322 = 1 R 4322
Here 7999 is 2001 below base 10000 ( by allfrom9 and last from
10). Write down 1st digit 1 and multiply 1st digit with 2001 and add
it to next 4 digit i.e 1 x 2001 + 2321 = 4322 . so 12321 divided by
7999 will be 1 R 4322.
k. 7789 ) 2 1012
……………………………..
2 5434 = 2 R 5434
Here 7789 is 2211 below base 10000 ( by All from 9 and last from
10) Write down 1st digit 2 and then multiply 1st digit with 2211 and
add it to next 4 digit i.e 2 x 2211 + 1012 = 5434. So 21012 divided
by 7789 will be 2 R 5434
l. 8888 ) 4 4344
………………………………….
4 8792 = 4 R 8792
Here 8888 is 1112 below base 10000( by all from 9 and last from
10). Write down 1st digit 4 and then multiply 1st digit with 1112 and
add it to next 4 digit i.e 4 x 1112 + 4344 = 8792 . so 44344 divided
by 8888 will be 4 R 8792.
b. 88 ) 1 1 2 2
12 1 2
2 4
………………………………..
1 2 6 6 = 12 R 66
c. 79 ) 1 0 0 1
21 2 1
4 2
………………………………….
1 2 5 3 = 12 R 53
d. 88 ) 2 1 1 1
12 2 4
3 6
…………………………………
2 3 8 7 = 23 R 87
e. 97 ) 1 1 1 1
03 0 3
0 3
……………………………….
1 1 4 4 = 11 R 44
f. 888 ) 1 0 0 1 1
112 1 1 2
1 1 2
………………………………..
1 1 2 4 3 = 11 R 243
g. 887 ) 1 1 2 4 3
113 1 13
226
………………………………..
12 5 9 9 = 12 R 599
h. 899 ) 2 1 2 1 2
1 01 2 0 2
30 3
……………………………..
2 3 5 3 5 = 23 R 535
i. 988 ) 3 0 1 2 5
012 0 36
00 0
……………………………………
3 0 4 8 5 = 30 R 485
j. 8899 ) 2 0 1 0 2 0
1101 2 20 2
2202
……………………………………
2 2 5 2 4 2 = 22 R 5242
Here divisor 123 is closer to base 100 . so mark 2 figures from right
side. . flag number will be bar number 𝟐̅ 𝟑̅ . Write down 1st digit 1 and
̅ 𝟑
then multiply 1st digit 1 with 𝟐 ̅ . write down on 2nd row . then
subtract 2 from 3 and write down on 2nd column . multiply 2nd
̅ 𝟑
column digit 1 with 𝟐 ̅ . Write down 𝟐
̅ 𝟑
̅ on 3rd row. Add 7 , 𝟑
̅ ,𝟐
̅ and
write down 2 on 3rd column and add 7 and 𝟑 ̅ and write down 4 on 4th
column . so 1377 divided by 123 will be 11 R 24
b. 131 ) 1 4 8 1
̅𝟏
𝟑 ̅ ̅ 𝟏
𝟑 ̅
̅𝟏
𝟑 ̅
………………………..
1 1 4 0 = 11 R 40
c. 121 ) 2 5 6
̅𝟏
𝟐 ̅ ̅
̅ 𝟐
𝟒
………………………..
2 1 4 = 2 R 14
d. 132 ) 1 3 6 6
̅𝟐
𝟑 ̅ ̅ ̅̅̅
𝟑 𝟐
0 0
………………………….
1 0 4 6 = 10 R 46
e. 1212 ) 1 3 5 4 5
̅𝟏
𝟐 ̅𝟐
̅ ̅ 𝟏
𝟐 ̅ 𝟐̅
̅
𝟐𝟏̅ 𝟐
̅
……………………………….
1 1 2 1 3 = 11 R 213
f. 161 ) 1 7 8 1
𝟔 ̅
̅ 𝟏 ̅
𝟔 ̅
𝟏
̅
𝟔 𝟏̅
………………………………
1 1 1 0 = 11 R 10
g. 1003 ) 3 2 1 9 8 7
00𝟑̅ 00𝟗 ̅
00𝟔 ̅
̅
00𝟑
……………… .…………….
3 2 1 0 2 4 = 321 R 024 = 321 R 24
h. 111 ) 7 9 9 9 9
̅𝟏
𝟏 ̅ ̅ 𝟕
𝟕 ̅
̅ 𝟐
𝟐 ̅
0 0
…………………………………
7 2 0 7 9 = 720 R 79
b. 121 ) 3 9 9 3
̅𝟏
𝟐 ̅ ̅
̅ 𝟑
𝟔
̅𝟑
𝟔 ̅
…………………………….
3 3 0 0 = 33 R 00 = 33
c. 103 ) 4 3 2
̅𝟑
𝟎 ̅ ̅ 𝟐
𝟏 ̅
………………….
4 2 0 = 4 R 20
d. 1012 ) 2 1 3 1 2
̅𝟏
𝟎 ̅𝟐
̅ ̅ 𝟐
𝟎 ̅ 𝟒
̅
̅ ̅
𝟎𝟏𝟐 ̅
……………………………..
2 1 1 𝟒̅ 0 = 21 R 1 𝟒
̅ 𝟎 = 21 R 060
e. 122 ) 3 3 3 3
̅𝟐
𝟐 ̅ ̅ 𝟔
𝟔 ̅
6 6
………………………………….
̅ 39 = 27 R 39
3 𝟑
f. 123 ) 2 5 8 4
̅𝟑
𝟐 ̅ ̅ 𝟔
𝟒 ̅
̅ 𝟑
𝟐 ̅
…………………………
2 1 0 1 = 21 R 01
g. 113 ) 1 3 6 9 6
̅𝟑
𝟏 ̅ 𝟏̅ ̅𝟑
̅ 𝟔
𝟐 ̅
̅ 𝟑
𝟏 ̅
…………………………….
1 2 1 2 3 = 121 R 23
h. 1212 ) 1 3 7 9 8 7
̅𝟏
𝟐 ̅𝟐
̅ ̅ 𝟏
𝟐 ̅ 𝟐̅
̅ 𝟏
𝟐 ̅ 𝟐
̅
̅ ̅
𝟖𝟒 𝟖̅
……………………………………
1 1 4 𝟐 ̅ 2 𝟏̅ = 113 R 𝟏𝟖𝟏
̅̅̅̅̅̅ or 113 R 1031
As 1212 is 212 above base 1000. Mark 3 digits from right side as
̅̅̅̅̅̅ . Write down 1st
base is 1000 . Flagged figure will be bar number 𝟐𝟏𝟐
digit 1 and multiply 1 with flagged figure and write down in 1st row
as shown. Add 3 and 𝟐 ̅ and write 1 on 2nd column as shown . Multiply
1 with 𝟐̅𝟏
̅𝟐̅ and write down on 2nd row as shown. Add 7 , 𝟏
̅ ,𝟐
̅ and
write down 4 on 3rd column . Multiply 4 with 𝟐 ̅𝟏̅𝟐
̅ and write down
̅𝟒
𝟖 ̅ on 3rd row. Add 9 , 𝟐
̅𝟖 ̅ ,𝟏
̅ ,𝟖
̅ and write down 𝟐
̅ on 4th column as
shown . Add 8 , 𝟐̅ ,𝟒
̅ and write down 2 on 5th column as shown . Add 7
and 𝟖̅ and write down 𝟏 ̅ on last column as shown . so 137987 divided
by 1212 will be 114 R 𝟐 ̅𝟐𝟏 ̅ . quotient will be 114-1=113 and
remainder will be 𝟐 ̅ 𝟐𝟏
̅ = 𝟏𝟖𝟏
̅̅̅̅̅̅ . so there are 113 1212’s in 137987 .
̅̅̅̅̅̅ we get 1212 -181=1031
so add 1212 to 𝟏𝟖𝟏
So 137987 divided by 1212 will be 113 R 1031
i. 111 ) 7 9 9 9 9
̅𝟏
𝟏 ̅ ̅𝟕
𝟕 ̅
̅
𝟐 ̅
𝟐
0 0
……………………………..
7 2 0 7 9 = 720 R 79
j. 121 ) 2 6 5 2
̅𝟏
𝟐 ̅ ̅
̅ 𝟐
𝟒
̅ 𝟐
𝟒 ̅
………………………
2 2 𝟏̅ 0 = 22 R 𝟏
̅ 0 = 21 R 111
k. 1231 ) 3 3 0 3 3
̅𝟑
𝟐 ̅𝟏
̅ ̅ ̅̅̅
̅ 𝟗
𝟔 𝟑
6 93
…………………………..
̅
3 𝟑 ̅ 9 6 = 27 R 𝟐𝟎𝟒
𝟑 ̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 26 R 1027
LESSON 16
CROWNING GEM
……………………………
2 17 = 2 R 17
b. 𝟐𝟑𝟒 ÷ 𝟓𝟒
4)2 3 4
5 3
………………………..
4 18 = 4 R 18
c. 𝟕𝟒 ÷ 𝟐𝟑
3) 7 4
2 1
…………………………..
3 5 = 3 R 5
d. 𝟓𝟎𝟒 ÷ 𝟕𝟐
2)5 0 4
7 1
……………………….
7 0 = 7 R 0
e. 𝟒𝟒𝟒 ÷ 𝟔𝟑
3)4 4 4
6 2
………………………………
7 3 = 7 R 3
f. 𝟓𝟒𝟑 ÷ 𝟖𝟐
2)5 4 3
8 6
…………………………..
6 51 = 6 R 51
g. 𝟓𝟔𝟕 ÷ 𝟗𝟑
3) 5 6 7
9 2
……………………………..
6 9 = 6 R 9
b. 7 ) 5 1
………………….
6 Rem 9
c. 4) 3 0
……………………
6 Rem 6
d. 3 )2 2
……………………….
6 Rem 4
e. 5)4 2
………………….
6 Rem 12
f. 6)3 9
……………………
4 Rem 15
g. 5)24
……………………
̅
5 Rem 𝟏
h. 7)2 6
………………………
̅
4 Rem 𝟐
……………………
4 ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟓 = 4 R ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟓 = 3 R 13
Write Divisor 28 as 8 raised up. 2 into 9 gives 4 R 1 . Multiply result
4 with 8 raised up i.e 4 x 8= 32 . subtract 32 from 17 we get ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟓 .
̅̅̅̅ = ( 4-1) Rem (28+𝟏𝟓
4 R 𝟏𝟓 ̅̅̅̅ ) = 3 R 13
b. 𝟏𝟖𝟒 ÷ 𝟒𝟕
7) 18 4
4 2
……………………….
4 ̅ = 4 R 𝟒
𝟒 ̅ = 3 R 43
c. 𝟐𝟏𝟎 ÷ 𝟓𝟑
3) 21 0
5 1
……………………..
4 ̅ =4R𝟐
𝟐 ̅ = 3 R 51
d. 𝟑𝟕𝟑 ÷ 𝟔𝟑
3 ) 37 3
6 1
…………………………
6 ̅ = 6 R𝟓
𝟓 ̅ = 5 R 58
e. 𝟑𝟓𝟑 ÷ 𝟓𝟐
2 ) 35 3
5 0
…………………………..
7 ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟏 = 7 R ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟏 = 6 R 41
f. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 ÷ 𝟒𝟒
4 ) 33 3
4 1
………………………
8 ̅̅̅̅ = 8 R 𝟏𝟗
𝟏𝟗 ̅̅̅̅ = 7 R 25
g. 𝟐𝟔𝟕 ÷ 𝟑𝟕
7 ) 26 7
3 2
…………………………
8 ̅̅̅̅ = 8 R 𝟐𝟗
𝟐𝟗 ̅̅̅̅ = 7 R 8
h. 𝟑𝟓𝟕 ÷ 𝟓𝟗
9 ) 35 7
5 0
…………………….
7 ̅̅̅̅ = 6 R 3
𝟓𝟔
i. 𝟑𝟓𝟑 ÷ 𝟓𝟗
9 ) 35 3
5 0
……………………….
7 ̅̅̅̅
𝟔𝟎 = 7 R ̅̅̅̅ ̅ = 5 R 58
𝟔𝟎 = 6 R 𝟏
…………………………………
3 2 1 0 = 321 R 0
Here divisor is 62 write 2 raised up as shown. Divide 19 into 6 gives
3 remainder 1. Result 3 , 1 , 9 shown diagonally. Now multiply result
3 with flag 2 i.e 6 and subtract it from 19 ( diagonally shown)
i.e 19 – 6 = 13 . Divide 13into 6 gives 2 Remainder 1. Now 2,1,0
shown diagonally. Now 10 – ( 2 x 2) = 6 . then divide 6 by 6 gives 1
remainder 0 . Now 1,0,2 shown diagonally . now 02 – (1 x 2)=0
then divide 0 by 6 gives remainder 0.
b. 𝟒𝟒𝟕𝟒𝟗 ÷ 𝟕𝟑
3)4 4 7 4 9
7 2 2 0
………………………
6 1 3 0 = 613 R 0
c. 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟔 ÷ 𝟖𝟖
8) 1 9 3 6
8 3 1
………………………….
2 2 0 = 22 R 0
d. 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟐 ÷ 𝟕𝟐
2)4 0 3 2
7 5 1
………………………
5 6 0 = 56 R 0
e. 𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟒 ÷ 𝟗𝟐
2) 4 1 5 4
9 5 2
………………………
4 5 14 = 45 R 14
f. 𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟐𝟒 ÷ 𝟓𝟏
1) 2 3 8 2 4
5 3 4 1
…………………………..
4 6 7 7 = 467 R 7
g. 𝟗𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟒 ÷ 𝟔𝟑
3)9 2 0 5 4
6 3 5 2 1
…………………………..
1 4 6 1 11 = 1461 R 11
h. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟕 ÷ 𝟔𝟏
1)1 4 2 8 5 7
6 2 2 1 5
……………………………….
2 3 4 1 56 = 2341 R 56
i. 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑 ÷ 𝟓𝟑
3)1 2 2 3 3
5 2 1 4
……………………………..
2 3 0 43 = 230 R 43
j. 𝟗𝟎𝟏𝟖 ÷ 𝟕𝟏
1)9 0 1 8
7 2 5 0
……………………………..
1 2 7 1 = 127 R 1
k. 𝟖𝟗𝟏𝟎 ÷ 𝟕𝟐
2)8 9 1 0
7 1 3 6
…………………………….
1 2 3 54 = 123 R 54
l. 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟖 ÷ 𝟏𝟏𝟐
2)2 3 6 5 8
11 1 1 2
……………………………
2 1 1 26 = 211 R 26
m. 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ÷ 𝟔𝟏
1) 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 4 4 5 3 5 5
……………………………………….
6 5 5 7 3 7 43 = 655737 R 43
n. 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟏𝟖 ÷ 𝟔𝟒
4)1 4 0 1 8
6 2 6 3
…………………………..
2 19 2 = 219 R 2
o. 𝟒𝟕𝟏𝟐 ÷ 𝟒𝟓
5) 4 7 1 2
4 0 2 5
………………………..
10 4 32. = 104 R 32
p. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ÷ 𝟕𝟔
6) 2 2 2 2 2
7 8 7 4
…………………………….
2 9 2 30 = 292 R 30
q. 𝟔𝟓𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟖 ÷ 𝟖𝟐
2)6 5 1 2 5 8
8 9 5 2 1
…………………………………….
7 9 4 2 14 = 7942 R 14
r. 𝟑𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟏 ÷ 𝟓𝟔
6)3 0 1 2 9 1
5 5 6 4 1
………………………………
5 3 8 0 11 = 5380 R 11
s. 𝟓𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟕 ÷ 𝟕𝟑
3)5 1 1 7 1 7
7 2 0 7 8
……………………………….
7 0 0 9 60 = 7009 R 60
t. 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟑 ÷ 𝟒𝟔
6) 3 6 0 2 9 3
4 8 6 2 3
…………………………………….
7 8 3 2 21 = 7832 R 21
Practice E : Divide the following . giving the answer and
remainder.
a. 𝟑𝟕𝟑 ÷ 𝟓𝟖
8)3 7 3
5 7
……………………….
6 25 = 6 R 25
̅ )3 7
𝟐 3
6 1
………………………
6
25 = 6 R 25
W e can write 58 as 𝟔𝟐 ̅ . Divide 37 into 6 gives 6 remainder 1. Write
6 , 1 , 3 diagonally as shown. Multiply flag 𝟐̅ with 6 gives 𝟏𝟐
̅̅̅̅ , subtract
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ = 13 +12=25 is the remainder.
𝟏𝟐 from 13 we get 13 -𝟏𝟐
b. 𝟑𝟓𝟕 ÷ 𝟒𝟖
̅ ) 3 5
𝟐 7
5 0
……………………….
7 21 = 7 R 21
c. 𝟑𝟎𝟎 ÷ 𝟓𝟗
̅ ) 3 0
𝟏 0
6 0
……………………
5 5 = 5 R 5
d. 𝟑𝟐𝟏 ÷ 𝟒𝟕
̅ ) 3 2
𝟑 1
5 2
……………………….
6 39 = 6 R 39
e. 𝟓𝟎𝟓 ÷ 𝟕𝟖
̅ ) 5 0
𝟐 5
8 2
……………………………
6 37 = 6 R 37
f. 𝟓𝟒𝟑 ÷ 𝟔𝟖
̅ ) 5 4
𝟐 3
7 5
……………………….
7 67 = 7 R 67
……………………………………
3 . 4 8 3 8
So dividing 108 by 31 up to 2 decimal places will be 3.48
b. 𝟒𝟎𝟓𝟎 ÷ 𝟕𝟑
3)4 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 0
7 5 5 72
……………………………………..
5 5 .4 8
c. 𝟗𝟖𝟕𝟔 ÷ 𝟗𝟒
4) 9 8 7 6 . 0 0 0 0
9 0 4 2 6 6 9 6
…………………………………….
1 0 5 . 0 6 3 8
So dividing 9876 by 94 up to 2 decimal places is 105.06
d. 𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝟐 ÷ 𝟑𝟖
8) 2 5 . 5 2 0 0 0 0
3 0 7 6 3 7
………………………………………….
0. 6 7 1 5
So dividing 25.52 by 38 up to 2 decimal places will be 0.67
e. 𝟕𝟖 ÷ 𝟒𝟗
9) 7 8 . 0 0 0 0
4 3 9 9 5
……………………………………
1 .5 9 1
f. 𝟔. 𝟕 ÷ 𝟖𝟖
8 ) 6. 7 0 0 0 0
8 0 7 6
………………………
0. 0 8
g. 𝟏𝟗 ÷ 𝟔𝟐
2 ) 19 . 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 1 6
………………………………..
0. 3 0 9
h. 𝟔𝟐 ÷ 𝟏𝟗
9) 6 2 .0 0 0 0 0 0
1 3 7
……………………………………..
3 .2 6