Chapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 @navac ChemQuest 2018 Modul Analisis Bertopik Rate of Reaction SPM 2003-SPM 2017 <4 reaction misture Disusun oleh: Gije Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor ‘SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor Nama Sekolah Kelas Modul ini hanya bertujuan untuk kegunaan dalaman sekolah sahaja. Tidak dibenarkan sebarang cetakan daripada modul ini untuk tujuan jualan To Excel in Chemistry is to Love ChemistryChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 1.1 Rate of Reaction Kadar Tindak balas [SPM14-17] What is the meaning of the rate of reaction? Apakah maksud kadar tindak balas? A Decrease in amount of product Pengurangan amaun hasil tindak balas B Decrease in amount of product against time Pengurangan amaun hasil tindak balas dengan masa © Increase in amount of product against time Peningkatan amaun hasil tindak balas dengan masa D _ Increase in amount of reactant against time Peningkatan amaun bahan tindak balas dengan masa [SPM16-06] Which unit is correct for the rate of reaction? Unit manakah yang betul untuk kadar tindak balas? A gmott 8B gmin* c moldm? —-D kJ mot" [SPM16-33] The following equation represents a chemical reaction. Persamaan berikut mewakili satu tindak balas kimia, CaCOs + 2HC1 > CaCh + CO: + H:0 Which graph shows the correct change in mass of reactant used in excess against time? Graf manakah yang betul menunjukkan perubahan jisim bahan tindak balas yang digunakan secara berlebinan ‘melawan masa? een B c D Mass of limestone (g) ‘Mass of limestone (2) ‘Mass of limestone (g) ‘Mass of limestone (z) Jisim batu kapur (2) Jisim batu kapur (g) Jisim batu kapur (g) Jisim batu kapur (g) Time(s) Time (3) Time (s) Time(s) ‘Masa (8) ‘Masa (8) ‘Masa (s) ‘Masa (s) [SPM17-16] Which of the following has the lowest rate of reaction? Antara yang berikut, yang mankah mempunyal kadar tindak balas yang paling rendah? A Combustion of ethanol © Oxidation of magnesium Pembakaran etanol Pengoksidation magnesium B Fermentation of glucose D_ _ Precipitation of silver chloride Penapaian glukosa Pemendakan argentum Klorida [SPM12-07] Which reaction has the highest rate of reaction? Tindak balas manakah yang mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang paling tinggi? ‘A. Rusting of water pipe © Buming of a small piece of charcoal in the air Pengaratan paip besi Pembakaran ketulan kecil arang batu dalam udara B_ Photosynthesis in green plant D_ Formation of stalactites and stalagmites Fotosintesis dalam tumbuhan hijau Pembentukan stalaktik dan stalagmite dalam gua [SPMO3-01] Which process has the highest rate of reaction? roses manakah yang mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang paling tinggi? A Rusting © Combustion Pengaratan Pembakaran B Respiration D _ Photosynthesis Respirasi Fotosintesis iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 2 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 7. [SPMO7-42] Which of the following is the correct match of a low rate of reaction and high rate of reaction? Antara padanan berikut, yang manakah betul tentang tindak balas yang mempunyai kadar tindak balas rendah dan kadar tindak balas tinggi? Low rate of reaction High rate of reaction Kadar tindak balas rendah Kadar tindak balas tinggi A. | Neutralisation between hydrochloric acid and | Iron rusting ‘sodium hydroxide solution Pengaratan besi Peneutralan antara asid hidroklorik dan larutan rnatrium hidroksida B_ | Double decomposition between leadii) nitrate | Neutral ition between hydrochloric acid and ‘solution and potassium iodide solution sodium hydroxide solution Penguraian ganda dua antara larutan Peneutralan antara asid hidroklorik dan larutan plumbum(I)) nitrat dan larutan kalium iodide rnatrium hidroksida © | iron rusting Fermentation of glucose solution Pengaratan besi Penapaian larutan glukosa D_ | Fermentation of glucose solution Double decomposition between lead{{l) nitrate Penapaian larutan glukosa solution and potassium iodide solution Penguraian ganda dua antara larutan plumbum(i)) nitrat dan tarutan kalium iodida 8. [SPM11-24] The following chemical equation represents the reaction between calcium carbonate, CaCO: and hydrochloric acid, HCl Persamaan kimia berikut mewakilitindak balas antara kalsium karbonat, CaCO; dan asid hidroklorik, HCI. CaCox(s) + 2HCKaq) > — CaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H:0(1) ‘Which changes can be used to determine the rate of reaction? Perubahan manakah boleh digunakan untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas? | Mass of calcium carbonate per unit time visim kalsium karbonat per unit masa I Volume of carbon dioxide released per unit time Isipadu karbon dioksida dibebaskan per unit masa IIL Colour of the solution per unit time Wama larutan per unit masa IV Mass of precipitate produced per unit time Jisim mendakan terhasil per unit masa A land! B landill © Nandiv D Wand Fan I Vaan iil Mdan IV Mian iV 9. [SPM07-12] The reaction between zinc, Zn and hydrochloric acid, HCl is represented by the following equation: Tindak balas antara zink, Zn dengan asid hidroklorik, HCI diwakili oleh persamaan berikut: Zn + 2HClaaa) => ZnClaaa) + Ha) A student wants to determine the rate of the reaction in a school laboratory. Which of the following methods is the most suitable? ‘Seorang murid ingin menentukan kadar tindak balas itu di makmal sekolah, Antara kaedah berikut, yang manakah yang paling sesuai? ‘A Determine the change in temperature of the solution with time ‘Menentukan perubahan suhu larutan dengan masa B Determine the change in the concentration of zinc chloride with time Menentukan perubahan kepekatan zink kiorida dengan masa C _ Determine the volume of hydrogen gas given off with time ‘Menentukan isipadu gas hydrogen yang terbebas dengan masa D _ Determine the change in the concentration of hydrochioric acid with time Menentukan perubahan kepekatan asid hidroklorik dengan masa iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 3 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor10. "1 12, Chapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 [SPMo3-24] In which of the chemical reactions can the rate be determined by measuring the change in the gas volume? Antara tindak balas kimia berikut, yang manakah mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang boleh ditentukan dengan ‘mengukur perubahan isi padu gas? A _Acidified potassium manganate(Vil) solution with iron(l) sulphate solution Larutan kalium manganat{ Vil) berasid dengan larutan ferum(i) sulfat B Sodium hydroxide solution with dilute hydrochloric acid Larutan natrium hidroksida dengan asid hidroklorik cair © Silver nitrate solution with sodium chloride solution Larutan argentum nitrat dengan larutan natrium Klorida D Calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid Kalsium karbonat dengan asid hidroklorik eair [SPMO7-33] Diagram 11 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to determine the rate of reaction. Rajah 11 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas. Sodium thiosulphate solution + Hydrochloric acid solution Larutan natrium tiosulfat + Larutan asid hidroklorik White paper Kertas putih Cross mark Tanda pangkah Diagram 11/ Rajah 11 Which of the following techniques is the most suitable to determine the rate of reaction? ‘Antara teknik berikut, yang manakah paling sesuai untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas itu? ‘A Record the times as soon as precipitate is formed ‘Mencatat masa sebaik sahaja mendakan mula terbentuk B Record the times taken to obtain the maximum temperature ‘Mencatat masa untuk mendapatkan suhu maksimum Record the times as soon as the cross mark cannot be seen Mencatat masa sebaik sahaja tanda pangkah tidak kelihatan 1D _ Record the times taken for the change of the pH value until a fixed pH value is obtained ‘Mencatat masa bagi perubahan nilai pH sehingga nilai pH yang tetap diperolehi [SPMO04-14] The rate of reaction for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide decreases with time because Kadar tindak balas bagi penguraian hydrogen peroksida berkurang dengan masa kerana A product of reaction decreases hasil tindak balas berkurang B__ temperature of hydragen peroxide decreases ‘suhu hidrogen peroksida berkurang volume of hydragen peroxide decreases isipadu hidrogen peroksida berkurang D concentration of hydrogen peroxide decreases kepekatan hidrogen peroksida berkurang iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 4 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 Calculation Pengiraan 413, [SPM16-26] Diagram 7 shows a graph of volume of oxygen gas collected against time in the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide when using manganese dioxide as catalyst. Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu graf isi padu gas oksigen yang terkumpul melawan masa dalam tindak balas penguraian hidrogen peroksida apabila menggunakan mangkin mangan dioksida, Volume fonyzc as Which point shows the highest rate of reaction? ea Titik manakah yang menunjukkan kadar tindak balas paling tinggi? " A Pp c oR B Q Ds Tes) Masa) 414, [SPM11-39] Table 4 shows the total volume of oxygen gas, 0:, collected in the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide, H:02, Jadual 4 menunjukkan jumlah isipadu gas oksigen, O2 yang dikumpulkan dalam tindak balas penguraian hydrogen peroksida, HzO: Time(s) iMasa(s) ‘Volume of O(em°) Isipadu O2 (cm) 0 30 60 90 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 0.00 | 18.00 | 27.50 | 35.00 | 41.50 | 46.50 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 Table 47 Jadual 4 What is the overall average rate of reaction? Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata keseluruhan? A 0.182 em's* B 0.208 cm’s* © 0.278 cms" D 0.310 em’s* 48, [SPM12-39] Diagram 6 is a graph which shows the volume of gas against time for the reaction between sulphuric, acid with excess marble chips. Rajah 6 jalan graf yang menunjukkan isi padu gas karbon dioksida melawan masa bagi tindak balas antara asid sulfuric dengan ketulan marmar bertebihan. Volume of carbon dioxide (em?) ‘What is the average rate of reaction? {ui pad arbondibsda (em?) Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata bagi tindak balas itu? A 1.0cms! © 25cm*s B 20cm's" D 3.0cm*s* syees Time (6) 3 10 15 2025 3035 40 Masa(s) 45. [SPM13-39] 0.2 mol of zinc powder react with excess dilute hydrochloric acid. After 30 seconds, 0.05 mol of zinc remains as residue. What is the average rate of the reaction? (0.2 mol serbuk zink bertindak balas dengan asid hidrokiorik cair berlebihan, Selepas 30 saat, didapati 0.05 mol zink tertinggal sebagai baki, Berapakah kadar purata bagi tindak balas itu? A 17% 10% mols* © 67% 10% mols* B 50x 10%mols! D 83x 10% mols! iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 5 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor16. 47. 18, 19, 20, Chapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 [SPM14-42] Table 3 shows the volume of carbon dioxide gas collected in an experiment, Jadual 3 menunjukkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida terkumpul dalam satu eksperimen. Timels Masa(s) Volume of COxem*) Isipadu CO> (cm’) 0 30 | 60 | 9 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 o | 200 | 300 | 31.0 | 320 | 325 | 330 | 330 | 330 Table 3/ Jadual 3 ‘What is the average rate of reaction? Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata? A Of2em*s' B O48 cms" C —O.22cm®s" ~D 0.37 ems [SPM17-42] The following equation represents a reaction between 40 cm? of 0.5 mol din® nitric acid and excess calcium carbonate. The time taken for the reaction to complete is 360 seconds. Persamaan berikut mewakili satu tindak balas antara 40 cm? asid nitrik 0.5 mo! dm dan kalsium karbonat berlebihan, Masa yang diambil untuk tindak balas itu lengkap adalah 360 saat, 2HNOs + CaCO; > Ca(NO:)2 +CO2+ H.0 ‘What is the average rate of reaction? [Molar volume of gas = 24 dm‘mot' at room conditions} Apakah kadar tindak balas purata tersebut? [lsipadu molar bagi gas = 24 dm’mot' pada keadaan bilik] A 0.055em’s! 8 O111cm’s! C O887cm’st D 1.333 em’s* [SPMO4-45] The reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc produces hydrogen gas. The reaction is complete in 50 seconds and the maximum volume of gas produced is 25 cm’. What is the average rate of the reaction? Tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dan zink menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Tindakbalas lengkap dalam masa 60 saat dan isipadu maksimum gas yang terhasil ialah 25 cm?. Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata? A OSom’st B 10cms' C 20cms' D 40cm's! [SPMO3-44] Table 4 shows the total volume of gas collected at regular intervals in a reaction. Jadual 4 menunjukkan jumlah isipadu gas yang terkumpul pada sela masa tertentu dalam suatu masa tindak balas. Masa’s ‘Volume of gas/cm® Isipadu gas/cm? ce an coe nc elec What is the average rate of reaction in the second minute? Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata dalam minit kedua? A 0,040 cm? s* 0,053 em? s* B 0,045 cm? s* D 0.062 cm? s* [SPM10-31] Table 6 shows the total volume of hydrogen gas, collected at regular intervals for the reaction between zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid Jadual 6 menunjukkan jumiah isipadu gas hydrogen, yang dikumpul pada sela masa yang sekata bagi tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik. Time (min) Total volume of hydrogen gas (cm*) Masa (min) Jumlah isipadu gas hydrogen (cr) 0.0 0.00 05 8.00 1.0 14.50 15 20.50 20 24.00 25 26.50 3.0 26.50 35 26.50 iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 6 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 Table 6/ Jadual 6 ‘What is the average rate of reaction? Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata? A 0.10 cm? min* © 10.60 cm? min* B 7.60 cm’ min* D 37.40. cm? min* 20. [SPM07-43] Table 2 shows the volume of carbon dioxide gas, COz, collected in the reaction between limestone powder and dilute hydrochloric acid Jadual 2 menunjukkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida, CO2 yang dikumpul dalam tindak balas antara serbuk batu kapur dan asid hidroklonik cai. Time/ minute ‘Masa/minit Volume of CO2/em? Isipadu COx/em* oo] os | 10] 15] 20) 25 | 30 | 35 oo) 45 | 75 | 100] 125) 145 | 160 | 17.0 Table 2iJadual 2 ‘What is the average rate of reaction during the second minute? Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata dalam minit kedua? A 1.25 em? minute 5,00 cm? minute B 2.50 cm? minute? D 12,50 om? minute" 21. [SPM15-45] The reaction between excess calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid produces 20 cm? of carbon dioxide in 10 s, The reaction is completed in 1 minute and the maximum volume of carbon dioxide obtained is 40 ccm?. What is the average rate of reaction at 10 s? Tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan asid hidroklorik menghasilkan 20 cm? Karbon dioksida dalam 10 s. Tindak balas adalah lengkap dalam 1 minit dan isipadu maksimum karbon dioksida yang diperoleh ialah 40 ccm®. Apakah kadar tindak balas purata pada 10 s? A 4.0cm?s* Cc O7oms* B .2.0cm?s* D —0.3cm*s* 1.2Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Kadar Tindak Balas of particle Saiz zarah 22, [SPM13-21] Table 1 shows the condition of reactants used in experiment I and experiment Il Jadual 1 menunjukkan keadaan bahan tindak balas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen I dan eksperimen Il. Experiment Conditon of Reactants Eksperimen Keadaan bahan tindak balas Excess zinc granules + 50 om? of 2.0 mol dm hydrochloric acid 1 ‘Ketulan zink berlebihan + 50 cm’ asid hidroklorik 2.0 mol dm? Excess zinc powder + 50 cm? of 2.0 mol dm’ hydrochloric acid " ‘Serbuk zink berlebihian + 50 cm’ asid hidroklorik 2.0 mol dm? Which graph shows the correct curve for experiment | and experiment II? Graf manakah yang menunjukkan lengkung yang betul bagi eksperimen | dan eksperimen II? a a ‘lua tion on ‘etme of drogen fm) pats gen tise) Time) iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 7 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 £4 5 Vatu of hyogen 1 pe Ngee) ‘etune of yop pute hage Tae ro rani xo 23, [SPM14-32] Diagram 7 shows a graph to study the effect of total surface area on the rate of reaction Rajah 7 menunjukkan suatu graf bagi mengkaji kesan jumlah (uas permukaan ke atas kadar tindak bales, “Toa volume of gs (om) Hank ist pa gas 6?) ‘Time (min) ‘Masa (min) Diagram 7/ Rajah 7 ‘What is represented by gradient tangent X? Apakah yang diwakili oleh kecerunan tangen X? ‘A Average rate of reaction in the first 2 minutes Kadar tindak balas purata dalam 2 minit pertama B Average rate of reaction in the 2nd minute Kadar tindak balas purata pada minit ke-2 © Overall average rate of reaction Kadar tindak balas purata keseluruhan D Rate of reaction at the 2nd minute Kadar tindak balas pada minit ke-2 Concentration Kepekatan 24, [SPM16-28] What is the yellow precipitate formed when sodium thiosulphate, Na2S:O2 solution reacts with sulphuric acid, HxS0.? Apakah mendakan kuning yang terbentuk apabila larutan natrium tiosulfat, NazS,02 bertindak balas dengan asid ssuifurik, 2504? A Sulphur © Sulphur trioxide ‘Sulfur ‘Sulfur trioksida B Sulphur dioxide D Sodium sulphate ‘Sulfur dioksida Natrium sulfat 25. [SPM06-44] Which of the following reactants produces the highest rate of reaction with zinc powder? ‘Natara bahan tindak balas berikut, yang manakah menghasilkan kadar tindak balas paling tinggi dengan serbuk zink? 25 cm® of sulphuric acid 0.1mol dm: 25 cm® of ethanoic acid 0.1mol dm? 25 cm® of ritric acid 0.1mol dm? 25 om? of hydrochloric acid 0.1mol dm? com> iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 8 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 26. [SPM17-20] A student carries out an experiment to study the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction Diffrerent concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution is used to react with hydrochloric acid. Which graph shows the result of the experiment? ‘Seorang murid menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan terhadap kadar tindak balas. Larutan natrium tiosulfat dengan kepekatan yang berbeza digunakan untuk bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik. Graf manakah yang menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini? Concentration of sian © concenation of son © > Seopneechamten "coupe os = se an Reiecremararin — ememeci) Gegutcatien ° e Een inte eo ES Pea aes, ra Tet, Tz, 27. [SPM04-30] An experiment is carried out to study the rate of reaction between marble and hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas. ‘Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara marmar dengan asid hidrokforik untuk ‘membebaskan gas Karbon dioksida. Experiment ‘Substance Eksperimen_| Bahan 1 Excess marble and 50,0 cm? of 2 mol dm® hydrochloric acid ‘Marmar berlebinan dengan 50.0 cm? asid hidroklorik 2 mol dm? T Excess marble and 50.0 cm? of 1 mol dm? hydrochloric Marmar bertebihan dengan 60.0 cm? asid hidroklorik 1 mol dm? Which of the following graphs represents the two experiments? Antara graf berikut yang manakah mewakili keputusan bagi kedua-dua eksperimen itu? A 8 Volume of carbon dioxide/ em? Volume of carbon dioxide! cm? I I 0 I timesis timesis c D Volume of carbon dioxide/ em? Volume of carbon dioxide/ em? I n 1 timesis ° timesis 27. [SPM05-46] In an experiment, the decomposition of 25 cm? of 0.1 mol dm® hydrogen peroxide solution produces oxygen gas. Dalam satu eksperimen, penguraian 25 cm? larutan hydrogen peroksida 0.1 mol dm? menghasiikan gas oksigen. P Volume of Q oxygen gas/em* ‘Time/second iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor ° ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 If the experiment is repeated using another solution, which solution will produce curve Q? ‘Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan larutan lain, larutan manakah yang akan menghasilkan lengkung Q? A 25 cm? of 0.15 mol dm’> hydrogen peroxide B20 cm? of 0.15 mol dm® hydrogen peroxide C —15.cm? of 0.15 mol dm-* hydrogen peroxide D ——10.cm? of 0.15 mol dm: hydrogen peroxide Temperature ‘Suhu 28. [SPM04-46] The table shows the mass of sulphur trioxide formed at different temperature during the Contact, process. Jadual menunjukkan jisim sulfur trioksida yang terbentuk pada suhu berlainan semasa proses Sentuh femneecatel cs 300 400 500 600 ‘Mass of sulphur trioxide / kg Jisim sulfur trioksida ad cl a wy “ime taken foals Sours | 2nous | minutes | 9minutes ‘At what temperature is the production rate of sulphur trioxide the highest? Pada suhu berapakah kadar penghasilan sulfur trioksida paling tinggi? A 300°C c 500°C B 400°C D 600°C. 29. [SPM10-30] When the temperature of a reacting mixture increases, the rate of reaction increases. Which statement explains why the rate of reaction increases? Apabila suhu campuran bahan tindak balas meningkat, kadar tindak balas meningkat. Pernyataan manakah yang menerangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas meningkat? A The total surface area of the reactant particles increases. Jumiah luas permukaan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah. B —_The total number of the reactant particles per unit volume increases. Jumiah bilangan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas per unit isipadu bertambah, © The reactant particles move faster and collide more often with one another. Zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bergerak lebih cepat dan berlanggar lebih kerap antara satu sama lain. D The reactant particles which collide more often are able to overcome the lower activation energy. Zarah-zarah bhan tindak balas yang berlanggar lebih kerap boleh mengatasi tenaga pengaktifan yang lebih rendah 30. [SPM10-32] The following equation shows the reaction between zinc powder and hydrochloric acid, Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas antara serbuk zink dengan asid hidrokiorik. Zn (p)_ + 2HCI (aq) > ZnCl. (aq) + He (9) How can the rate of production of hydrogen be increased? Bagaimanakah kadar penghasilan hydrogen boleh ditingkatkan? A Increases the size of the zinc. Meningkatkan saiz zink B _Increases the volume of water in the acid ‘Meningkakan isipadu air dalam asid C _ Increases the volume of the hydrochloric acid ‘Meningkatkan isipadu asid hidroklorik 1D _Increases the temperature of the hydrochloric acid Meningkatkan suhu asid hidroklorik iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 10 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, Johor34 32, 32, 33, 34, Chapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 Catalyst Pemangkin [SPM17-29] The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H:02 is catalysed by manganese(IV) oxide, MnO». How does the catalyst increase the rate of reaction? Penguraian hidrogen peroksida, H2O2 dimangkinkan oleh mangan(IV)oksida, MnO», Bagaimanakah mangkin itu meningkatkan kadar tindak balas? A Increases the activation energy of the reaction ‘Meningkatkan tenaga pengaktifan tindak balas B Provides an alternative path the reaction ‘Menyediakan satu laluan alternatif untuk tindak balas, Increases the total number of reactant particles ‘Meningkatkan jumiah bilangan zarah bahan tindak balas 1D _ Provides higher kinetic energy of reactant particles ‘Menyediakan tenaga kinetik yang lebih tinggi bagi zarah bahan tindak balas [SPIM13-16] Which of the following is the characteristic of catalyst? ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah adalah sifat mangkin? A Catalyst used only in solid form ‘Mangkin digunakan hanya dalam bentuk pepejal B Catalyst increases the quantity of the product ‘Mangkin meningkatkan kuantiti hasil tindak balas © Physical state of catalyst is unchanged during reaction Keadaan fizikal mangkin tidak berubah semasa tindak balas DD —_The mass of catalyst remains the same after the reaction isim mangkin tetap sama selepas tindak balas, [SPM08-48] Which of the following is a characteristic of a catalyst? ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah ciri suatu mangkin? A Itchange the amount of product in the reaction ‘Mengubah kuantiti hasil findak balas dalam tindak balas B Chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction Tidak berubah secara kimia pada akhir tindak balas © Equal amount of catalyst and reactants are needed for the reaction ‘Kuantiti yang sama bagi mangkin dan bahan tindak balas dipertukan untuk tindak balas 1D —_The amount of the catalyst decreases at the end of the reaction Kuantiti mangkin berkurangan pada akhir tindak balas [SPM06-13] Which manufacturing of the following is not a characteristic of catalyst? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan ciri mangkin? A Aatalyst is specific in its reaction. Mangkin adalah khusus dalam tindak balasnya, B A catalyst influences the quantity of product of a reaction, ‘Mangkin mempengaruhi kuantiti hasil tindak balas. © The chemical property of a catalyst remains unchanged at the end of the reaction, Sifat kimia mangkin tetap tidak berubah di akhir tindak balas. D Only a litle amount of a catalyst is needed to influence the rate of reaction. Hanya sedikit mangkin diperlukan untuk mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. [SPM10-14] How does a catalyst increase the rate of reaction? ‘Bagaimanakah mangkin meningkatkan kadar tindak balas? A Increase the number of effective collisions ‘Meningkatkan bilangan perianggaran berkesan B _Increase the activation energy of the reaction, ‘Meningkatkan tenaga pengaktifan tindak balas Increase the total number of reactant particles ‘Meningkatkan jumlah bilangan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas D _ Increase the kinetic energy of reactant particles ‘Meningkatkan tenaga kinetik zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas, iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor u 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 35. [SPM16-16] Which diagram shows the correct label of activation energy, Ea? Rajah manakah menunjukkan label tenaga pengaktifan, Ea yang betul? A Energy B Bnewy Tenaga Tenaga Reactant Bahan Vaahan rindak lindak [Ey las [Products Ibe Hasilvindak balas ~ Hasil tindak balas Reaction path Reaction path Lintasan tindak bala Limasan tindak balas Energy D Energy Tenaga Tenaga \ i \ Reactants/ Reactants/ Bahan Ea) [Bahan rindak indak las. rod _LProducts Hasiltindak bolas 4” Hasiltindak balas Reaction path Reaction path Lintasan tindak balas Lintasan tindak balas 36. [SPM05-12} The diagram shows the energy profile of a reaction. Es is the activation energy for this reaction Gambar rajah menunjukkan profil tenaga bagi suatu tindak balas. E. adalah tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas in Energy ‘What will change the activation energy from Es to Es"? Apakah yang akan mengubah tenaga pengaktifan daripada E, kepada E,"? A Temperature © Concentration Suhu Kepekatan B Catalyst D Total Surface Area Pemangkin Jumiah luas permukaan 37. [SPM14-28] Which energy profile diagram shows the lowest activation energy? Rajah profil tenaga manakah yang menunjukkan tenaga pengaktifan paling rendah? A Exergy) Bcaeey naga) Tmo) suo seo. 20 : 2. ; = 10 econ rh ° an o Linton tr ada las Enemy) D Energy (0) Tenaga) Tenaga) t t 300: so 2004 200 1004 Reaction 100 Reaction rm ph ol loner [re a tnd oes 4p Mohd Fadl Bin Mohd Nor 2 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 38. [SPM11-29] When a few drops of copper(|l) sulphate solution is added to a mixture of zinc powder and dilute sulphuric acid, the rate of reaction increases. Which statement best explains why the rate of reaction increases? Apabila beberapa titik larutan kuprum(Il) sulfat ditambah kepada campuran serbuk zink dan asid sulfuric cair, kadar tindak balas meningkat. Penyataan manakah yang terbaik menjelaskan mengapa kadar tindak balas meningkat? ‘A Lowers the activation energy ‘Merendahkan tenaga pengaktifan B _Increases the collision frequency ‘Meningkatkan frekuensi perlanggaran C _ Increases the concentration of sulphate ion in the mixture ‘Meningkatkan kepekatan ion sulfat dalam campuran D _ Makes the orientation of collision between the reacting particles favourable ‘Menjadikan orientasi perlanggaran antara zarah bahan tindak balas lebih sesuai. 39, [SPM12-34] The following equation represents the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H:0>. Persamaan berikut mewakili penguraian hidrogen peroksida, HzO2 2H:0.(aq) > Ox) + ~——2H:0() 2H202(ak) > 0x49) + (2H20(ce) 2.9 of manganese(IV) oxide, MnO> is added to hydrogen peroxide. What is the difference of adding manganese(IV) oxide to hydrogen peroxide compared to the decomposition without manganese(IV) oxide? 2g mangan(IV) oksida, MnO2 diambah kepada hidrogen peroksida. Apakah perbezaan penambahan mangan(IV) oksida kepada hidrogen peroksida berbanding penguraian tanpa mangan(IV) oksida? A More heat is released Lebih banyak haba terbebas B Total volume of oxygen becomes lower Jumlah isi padu oksigen menjadi kurang © Concentration of hydrogen peroxide becomes higher Kepekatan hidrogen peroksida menjadi lebih tinggi D Initial rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide becomes higher Kadar awal penguraian hidrogen peroksida menjadi lebih tinggi Mix Factors Faktor-faktor campuran 40. [SPM08-08] Which factor does not affect the rate of reaction? Faktor manakah yang tidak mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas? A Size of the solid reactant Saiz bahan tindak balas yang berkeadaan pepejal B Volume of the reactant Isipadu bahan tindak balas © Concentration of the reactant Kepekatan bahan tindak balas D Temperature of the reactant Suhu bahan tindak balas 41. [SPM13-38] Diagram 12 shows the results of experiment I and experiment Il for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution in the presence of a catalyst. Rajah 12 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen | dan eksperimen Il bagi penguraian larutan hidrogen peroksida dengan kehadiran suatu mangkin. ‘Volume of oxygen (em {si pa sien (em) ‘Time (min) Diagram 12/ Rajah 12 iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 13 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 Experiment | use 50 cm? of 1.0 mol din’ of hydrogen peroxide solution at temperature 21°C. What is used in Experiment I! to obtain the curve shown in Diagram 127 Eksperimen | menggunakan 50 cm larutan hidrogen peroksida 1.0 mol dm® pad a suhu 21°C, Apakah yang digunakan dalam Eksperimen I untuk memperoleh lengkung yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 12? Hydrogen peroxide Hidrogen peroksica Temperature (°C) Volume (em?) Concentration (mol dm) ‘Suhu (°C) Isipadu (om?) __| __Kepekatan (mo! dn’) A 25 05 30 B 25 1.0 25 c 50 I 05 25 D 50 1.0 30 42. [SPM16-04] The following equation represents the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid Persamaan berikut mewakil tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik Zn+2HC1> ZnCh+He Which method is the most suitable to increase the rate of reaction? Kaedah manakah yang paling sesuai untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas? A Decrease the size of zinc ‘Mengecikan saiz zink B Decrease the volume of hydrochloric acid ‘Mengurangkan isi padu asid hidroklorik © Decrease the temperature of hydrochloric acid ‘Menurunkan suhu asid hidroklorik D Decrease the concentration of hydrochloric acid ‘Mengurangkan kepekatan asid hidroklorik 43, [SPM03-27] The equation below shows a reaction to produce hydrogen gas. Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen. 2HC| +Zn—> ZnCk+ He Which of the following would increase the rate of production of hydrogen gas? Antara berikut, yang manakah akan meningkatkan kadar penghasilan gas hydrogen? A Increase the time of reaction C Increase the size of granulated zinc Menambahkan masa tindak balas ‘Menambahkan saiz ketulan zink B Increase the volume of acid D Increase the temperature of the mixture ‘Menambahkan isipadu asid ‘Meningkatkan suhu campuran Collision Theory Teori Pelanggaran 44, [SPM05-13] Which of the following explains the meaning of effective collision? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menjelaskan maksud perlanggaran berkesan? ‘A The collision where its energy is less than the activation eneray Perlanggaran yang tenaganya kurang daripada tenaga pengaktifan B The collision that has a low energy Perfanggaran yang beriaku mempunyai tenaga yang rendah © The collision which takes place before a reaction Perfanggaran yang berlaku sebelum suatu tindak balas D The collision that causes a reaction Perlanggaran yang menghesilkan tindak balas 45. [SPM06-30] The following statements are related to the collision theory of a reaction. Pernyatan berikut adalah berkaitan dengan teori perlanggaran bagi satu tindak balas. 1 ‘The total surface area of the reactant particles increases Jumiah luas permukaan zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah Il The kinetic energy of the reactant particles increases Tenaga kinetic zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 14 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, Johor46. 47. Chapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 IIL The frequency of the collision between the reactant particles increases Frekuensi perlanggaran antara zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah IV The number of the reactant particles per one unit of volume increases. Bilangan zarah bahan tindak balas dalam satu unit isipadu bertambah Which of the following combinations is true about the effect of the rise in temperature on the reactant particles? Antara kombinasi berikut, yang manakah benar tentang kesan peningkatan suhu ke atas zarah bahan tindak balas? A Land tlonly © Mand IV only B —IandIl only D Land IV only [SPM05-45] The diagram shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and sulphuric acid Gambar rajah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfurik. kA Look vertically down Sodium E\ thiosulphate solution and White paper sulphuric acid Sse> solution Mark X Which of the following combination of conditions take the shortest time for the mark X to disappear from sight? ‘Antara kombinasi keadaan berikut yang manakah mengambil masa paling singkat untuk tanda X hilang daripada penglinatan? Sulphuric acid ‘Sodium Thiosulphate solution ‘sid sulfurik | Larutan natrium tiosulfat Temperature Votumerem? | Concentration mol | \oiumajeme | Concentration! mot 10°C Isipadu om Isipadu a Seas Kepekatan Kepekatan A 10 1.0 50 05 30 B 10 10 50 05 40 c 10 05 50 05 30 D 20 05 40 05 40 [SPM14-38] A student wants to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory through the reaction between magnesium ribbon and hydrochloric acid. Which steps must be taken to shorten the time to collect the gas? ‘Seorang pelajar ingin menyediakan gas hidrogen di dalam makmal melalui tindak balas antara pita magnesium dan asid hidroklorik. Langkah-langkah manakah mesti diambil untuk memendekkan masa pengumpulan gas itu? 1 ‘Adding water to hydrochloric acid Menambahkan air kepada asid hidroklorik I Using a larger conical flask for the solution ‘Menggunakan kelalang kon yang lebih besar untuk Jarutan tersebut IIL Replacing magnesium ribbon with magnesium powder ‘Menggantikan pita magnesium dengan serbuk magnesium IV Adding a few drops of copper(|l) sulphate solution to the mixture of the reactants ‘Menambahkan beberapa titis larutan kuprum(Il) sulfat kepada campuran bahan tindak balas A Land it Cc Mandi Idan It idan iit B landiv D Mand iv Idan 1V Wi dan IV iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 18 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 Application Aplikasi }. [SPM06-43] If you want to cook 100 potatoes within a short time, which is the most suitable method? ‘Sekiranya anda ingin memasak 100 bji kentang dalam masa yang singkat, apakah langah yang paling sesuai dilakukan? ‘A Boil the potatoes in a pan © Steam the potatoes in a steamer ‘Merebus kentang dalam kuali leper ‘Mengukus kentang dalam pengukus B Boil the potatoes in a pressure cooker D Fry the potatoes in a wok ‘Merebus kentang dalam periuk tekanan ‘Menggoreng kentang dalam kuali Structure {Paper02) [SPM08-05] An experiment is carried out to investigate the rate of reaction of zine with hydrochloric acid, Excess zinc powder is added to 20 cm? of 0.2 mol dm’ hydrochloric acid, The volume of gas collected at regular intervals, is shown in Diagram 5.1 ‘Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik. Serbuk zink berlebihan ditambah kepada 20 cnr’ asid hidroklork 0.2 moldm®. Isipadu gas yang terkumpul pada sela masa yang sama ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.1. Volume of gas Jsipadu gas /em3 Diagram §.1/ Rajan 5.1 (@) State the meaning of the rate of reaction. ‘Nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas. [1 mark iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 16 ‘SK Pesisinan Perdana, Tangkak, TohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 (b) From the graph in Diagram §.1, determine: Daripada graf dalam Rajah 5.1, tentukan: () The rate of reaction at 120 s. Kadar tindak balas pada 120 s. [2 marks} (ii) The average rate of reaction between 60 s and 120 s. Kadar tindak balas purata antara 60 s dan 120 s. [1 mark] (©) Explain why the rate of reaction decreases with time. Terangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas berkurangan dengan masa. [1 mark] (@) Another experiment is carried out to study the factors that affect the rate of this reaction. The result of this experiment is shown in Diagram 5.2. Curve | represent the result of this experiment using excess zinc Powder and 50 cm? of 1.0 mol dm dilute hydrochloric acid ‘Satu eksperimen lain dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas ini Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.2. Lengkung | mewakill keputusan eksperimen yang menggunakan serbuk zink berlebihan dan 0 cnr? asid hidroklorik cair 1.0 mol dim Volume of gas / em’ [si pau gas em Time /s Masa /s Diagram 5.2/Rajah 5.2 () Suggest the factors that influence the rate of reaction to obtain the curves labelled Il and III Cadangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas untuk mendapatkan lengkung-lengkung berlabel It dan II. Curve Il Lengkung It Curve It! Lengkung Mt [2 marks} (ii) Describe briefly how to carry out the experiment to obtain the curve labelled Il ‘Huraikan dengan ringkas bagaimana eksperimen itu djalankan untuk mendapatkan lengkung berlabel Il! [3 marks} iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 7 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 (ii) Give one reason why the final volume of gas obtained in curve Ill is haif the final volume of gas in curve | Beri satu sebab mengapa isipadu akhir gas yang terhasil dalam lengkung Ill adalah separuh daripada isipadu akhir gas dalam lengkung |. {t'mark) [SPM06-06] Diagram 6 shows two experiments to investigate one factor that influences the rate of a reaction, Rajah 6 menunjukkan dua eksperimen untuk mengkajl satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar satu tindak balas. spsciment I Experiment. Hane Ditue Dilue hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid Calcium carbonate — powder (@) What is the factor that influences the rate of reaction in both experiments? Apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam kedua dua eksperimen itu? {1 mark] (©) The reaction in the experiment is represented by the following equation: Tindak balas dalam eksperimen itu diwakil oleh persamaan berikut CaCOx(s) + 2 HCl(aq) > CaCh(aq)_ + CO2(g) + H:0()) (Among the products stated in the equation, which is the most suitable to be chosen to determine the rate of reaction? Antara hasil tindak balas yang dinyatakan dalam persamaan ini, yang manakah paling sesuai untuk ‘menentukan kadar tindak balas? {1 mark] Gi) State one reason for choosing the product in 6 (b)(). Nyatakan satu sebab untuk memilih hasil tindak balas di 6(b)() {1 mark] (©) State two controlled variables in both experiments Nyatakan dua pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan dalam kedua-dua eksperimen it 1 2 [2 marks} (@) The results for both experiments are represented by Graph 6. ‘Keputusan kedua-dua eksperimen itu diwakili oleh Graf 6 iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 18 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 Quantity of T product Key: 1 ——— Experiment I | Experiment II Time Graph 6/Graf 6 Based on graph 6: Berdasarkan graf 6: (Experiment Il has a higher rate of reaction. How does the graph show this? Eksperimen || mempunyal kadar tindak balas yang lebih tinggi. Bagaimanakah graf itu menunjukkan keadaan ini? [1 mark) (W)_ What has happened to the reactants at time x? Apakah yang telah berlaku kepada bahan tindak balas pada masa x? [1 mark] Gi) Why are both curves at the same level after time x? ‘Mengapa kedua-dua lengkung berada pada aras yang sama selepas masa x? [1 mark] (@) What is the conclusion for both experiments? Apakah kesimpulan bagi kedua-dua eksperimen itu? [1 mark] (f) Another experiment is carried out using excess calcium carbonate powder and dilute hydrochloric acid with different concentrations. ‘Sketch the curve of concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid against the time take to collect a fixed quantity of the product. ‘Satu eksperimen lain dijalankan dengan menggunakan serbuk kalsium karbonat berlebihan dengan asid hidroklorik cair yang berlainan kepekatan. Lakar lengkung graf kepekatan asid hidroklorik cair melawan masa untuk mengumpul kuantiti hasil yang ditetapkan. Concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid Kepekatan asid hidrokorik cair Time taken to collect a fixed quantity of product ‘Masa untuk mengumpul kuantiti hasil yang ditetapkan [2 marks} iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 9 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 [SPMO9-05] Diagram 5 shows two sets of experiment to study the factor affecting the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid, HCI and calcium carbonate, CaCOs. Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua set eksperimen untuk mengkaj faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara sid hidroklorik, HCI dengan kalsium karbonat, CaCOz, “6b em? of gas tee 60 em’ gas 028 mol dor HC ‘After 3 minutes Selepas 3 minit Excess CaCO, chips Ketulan CaCO, Berlebihan —— 120 em? of gas 120 cm’ gas After 3 minutes Selepas 3 minit Excess CaCO, chips Ketulan CaCO, Berlebikan Diagram 5/ Rajah § (@) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in these experiments, Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini. [2 marks} (b) What is the reading needed to be recorded in both experiments to determine the rate of reaction in 3 minute? Apakah bacaan yang perlu dicatat dalam kedua dua eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas dalam ‘masa 3 minit? [1 mark] (©) Calculate the average rate of reaction in set | Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi set | [1 mark] (@ () Compare the rate of reaction in set | and set I Explain your answer based on the factor affecting the rate of reaction Bandingkan kadar tindak balas bagi set 1 ddengan set 2. Jelaskan jawapan anda berdasarkan factor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. [2 marks} (i) Explain the answer in 5(d)(i) with reference to the collision theory. Jelaskan jawapan di 1(d)(i) dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran [3 marks] iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 20 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 (@) Sketch the graph of the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced against time for both sets of experiment in the first 3 minute. Lakar graf isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan melawan masa bagi kedua dua eksperimen dalam ‘masa 3 minit yang pertama, Volume of carbon dioxide (om) Ini pa tarbon dota (om) Time (nin) Mara in) [2 marks} [SPM14-06] Diagram 5.1 shows the graph of the mass of zinc against time for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. In this experiment, 5.00 g of zinc is added to 100 cm? of 1.0 mol dm® hydrochloric acid to study the rate of reaction at the temperature of 30 °C. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan graf jisim zink melawan masa bagi tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik, Dalam ‘eksperimen ini, 5.00 g zink ditambahkan kepada 100 om? asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas pada suhu 30 °C. Mass of Zinc (g) sim zink (g) cat the temperature of 30°C unig pada suku 30°C Time(s) Masats) (@ Write the chemical equation for the reaction, Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini [2 marks} (b) Based on Diagram 5.1 Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, () why is the curve in the graph remains constant after t: second? ‘mengapakah lengkung bagi graf kekal mendatar selepas t; saat? [1 mark) (i) determine the mass of unreacted zinc in the experiment, tentukan jisim zink yang tidak bertindak balas dalam eksperimen itu. [1 mark] iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor a 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 (©) In this experiment, the rate of reaction can also be determined by measuring the volume of hydrogen gas produced at regular intervals of time. Draw the apparatus set-up for the experiment. Dalam eksperimen ini, kadar tindak balas boleh ditentukan dengan mengukur isi padu gas hidrogen yang dinasilkan pada sela masa yang tetap. Lukis rajah susunan radas untuk eksperimen ii [2 marks} (d) The experiment is repeated at the temperature of 40°C with other factors remain unchanged, Eksperimen diulangi pada suhu 40°C dengan semua faktor lain kekal tidak berubah, (@ Sketch the curve obtained for this experiment on the same axis in Diagram 5.2. Lakarkan lengkung yang diperoleh dalam eksperimen pada paksi yang sama dalam Rajah 5.2. Mass of Zinc (g) sisim zink (9) 5-00- hhe curve at the temperature of 30 °C Lengkung pada sul 30 °C Time(s) Masats) Diagram 5.2/ Rajah 5.2 [1 mark] ii) Based on your answer in 6(d)(), explain how temperature affects the rate of reaction by using collision theory. Berdasarkan jawapan anda di 6(d)(i), terangkan bagaimana suhu mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran. [3 marks] (@) Apart from temperature, state one other factor that will also affect the rate of reaction in this experiment. ‘Selain daripada suhu, nyatakan satu faktor lain yang juga boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam ‘eksperimen ini [1 mark] iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 2 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 [SPM11-02] In an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction, 50.0 cm? of 0. 2 mol dm sodium thiosulphate solution and 5.0 cm? of 1.0 mol dm® of sulphuric acid, are used. The sulphur formed can be used to measure the rate of reaction Dalam satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas, 50.0 om? larutan natrium tiosulfat 0.2 mol dm? dan 6,0 com? asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm®, digunakan. Sulfur yang terbentuk boleh digunakan untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas itu. ‘The equation for the reaction is given below. Persamaan tindak balas itu diberi di bawah, NazS203 + H2SO« > Na:SO. + SO: + S + H:0 (@) What is the colour of sulphur? Apakah warna sulfur? [1 mark] (b) The number of moles of a solute can be calculated using the formula, n = MV. [n = Number of moles of solute (mol), M= Molarity of solution (mol dm), V = Volume of solution (dm?)] Bilangan mol suatu zat tertarut boleh dihitung menggunakan rumus, n= MV. [n= Bilangan mol zat teriarut (mol), M =Kemolaran larutan (mol dim), V= Isi padu larutan (dem?)] Calculate: Hitung (The number of mole of sodium thiosulphate in the solution. Bilangan mol bagi natrium tiosulfat dalam larutan itu. [1 mark] (i) The number of mole of sulphuric acid Bilangan mol bagi natrium tiosulfat dalam larutan itu. [1 mark] (© Based on the answers in 2(b)() and 2(b)(i), name the reactant which determines the quantity of sulphur formed at the end of the reaction. Berdasarkan jawapan di 2(b)()) dan 2(b)(i), namakan bahan tindak balas yang menentukan kuantiti sulfur yang terbentuk pada akhir tindak balas itu [1 mark) (@) (i) State three factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this experiment. Nyatakan tiga faktor yang boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas itu dalam eksperimen ini. 1 2, 3 [3 marks} iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 23 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 (ii) Using the collision theory, explain how any one of the factors in 2(d)(i) increases the rate of reaction. ‘Menggunakan teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana mana-mana satu daripada faktor ai 2(d)(i) ‘meningkatkan kadar tindak balas itu [2 marks] [SPM15-04] Table 4 shows the information for two sets of experiment to investigate one factor affecting the rate of reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid Jadual 4 menunjukkan maklumat bagi dua set eksperimen untuk menyiasat satu faktor rang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan asid sulturik Volume of gas collected in 2 ead Material minutes (cm?) Bahan |i padu gas terkumpul dalam 2 ‘init (cm) i '50 cm® of 7,0 mol dm® sulphuric acid + excess zine aaa '50 cm® asid suffurk 1.0 mol d+ zink beriebihan 11 | 50;om® of 1.0 mol dm® sulphuric acid + excess zinc + catalyst X a ‘50 cm? asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm?+_zink berfebihan + mangkin X Table 4/ Jadual 4 Based on Table 4, Berdasarkan Jadual 4, (@) What is the meaning of catalyst? ‘Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan mungkin? (b) State the name of catalyst X that can be used in Set Il ‘Nyatakan nama bagi mungkin X yang boleh digunakan dalam Set I. (© () calculate the average rate of reaction in hitung kadar tindak balas purata dalam Set I Set I: Set I Set Il (i) compare the rate of reaction between Set | and Set I bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara Set | dengan Set Il iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 24 [1 mark) [1 mark [2 marks} [1 mark) 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 Gi) explain your answer in 4(c)(il) based on collision theory. terangkan jawapan anda di 4(c)\\i) berdasarkan teori perlanggaran. [2 marks} @ The energy profile diagram for the reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid for both sets of the experiment are shown in Diagram 4. Rajah profil tenaga bagi tindak balas antara zink dan asid sulfurik bagi kedua-dua set eksperimen itu ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4. nowy 4 Tenaga zo scion path Limasan tindok bolas Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 () Label the curves for Set 1 and Set 11 in Diagram 4. Labelkan lengkungan bagi Set | dan Set II dalam Rajah 4. [1 mark] (i) Show and label the activation energy for Set | as E1 and Set I! as Ei in Diagram 4. Tunjuk dan labelkan tenaga pengaktifan bagi Set | sebagai Es, dan Set Il sebagai Ev dalam Rajah 4 [2 marks} iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 23 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 Essay {Paper02} ISPM17-08] (a) The graph in Diagram 7.1 shows the curves of experiment | and experiment Il that was carried out to study the rate of reaction. Graf di Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan lengkungn bagi eksperimen I dan eksperimen Il yang djalankan bagi mengkaji kadar tindak baias. Ff Votume of carbon oxi as ls padu gas karbondiksidatem i i i i ESSE | Time(s) . » o % 1D 10 180 210° Mauls)» Diagram 7.1/Rajah 7.1 Based on the graph in Diagram 7.1, 0 ii) Calculate average rate of reaction for experiment | and Il Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen | dan Il [4m] Curve in experiment | is obtained from the reaction between 5 g granulated calcium carbonate and 50 ‘em: of 1.0 mol dm’ hydrocloric acid. The experiment is repeated to obtain the curve in experiment Il Other than temperature, suggest one factor that can change the curve in experiment | to the curve in Experiment Il Based on the suggested factor, describe one experiment to show how you manipulate the factor in order to obtain the curve in experiment Il. In your description include a labelled diagram. Lengkungan dalam eksperimen | diperoleh daripada tindak balas antara 5 g ketualan kalsium karbonat dan 50 cm? asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm’. Eksperimen itu diulang untuk mendapatkan engkungan bagi eksperimen Il. Selain daripada suhu, cadangkan satu faktor yang boleh mengubah Jengkung eksperimen | kepada lengkung eksperimen I. Berdasarkan faktor yang dicadangan, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menunjukkan bagaimana anda memanipulasi faktor tersebut bagi mendapatkan lengkung eksperimen Il, Dalam huraian anda, sertakan gambar rajah berlabel. [10m] (b) Chemical equation below shows the reaction between hydrogen gas and chlorine gas to produce hydrogen chloride gas. Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara gas hidrogen dan gas klorin untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen klorida. Ck + He > 2HCI Set | and Set Il in Diagram 7.2 show the rate of formation of hydrogen chloride gas at different temperatures Set I dan Set II dalam Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan kadar pembentukkan gas hidrogen Klorida pada suhu berbeza iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 26 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 Stopwatch += Jam randik Legend M1 Keune! sect Moku Klorin gees g tates neue ec Molekalhidrogen 8-8—- 66 cl, + Hj,——» 2HCL sett vec Diagram 7.2/Rajah 7.2 Based on Diagram 7.2, Bordasarkan Rajah 7.2, i) ii) if the two sets of reaction occur at temperatyre 30°C and 40°C, determine the temperature of X°C in set | and Y°C in Set I. Jika dua set tindak balas berlaku pada suhu 30°C dan 40°C, tentukan suhu X°C bagi set I dan Y°C bagi ‘set Il with reference to collision theory, explain why there is a difference in the rate of formation of hydrogen. chloride gas in Set | and Set II ‘merujuk kepada teori pelanggaran, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam kadar pembentukan gas hidrogen kiorida dalam Set | dan Set I. [6m] [SPM13-07] (a) Diagram 7 shows the energy profile diagram for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid, Copper(ll) sulphate solution is added to the reactants mixture to increase the rate of reaction, Rajah 1 menunjukkan rajah profil tenaga bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik. Larutan kuprum(i)) suifat ditambahkan kepada campuran bahan tindak balas untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas. Energy Tenaga Tacs Dahan tindak Balas Reaction path Diagram 7/ Rajah 7 (Which of the values R or $ represents the activation energy for the reaction after adding copper(II) sulphate di) solution? Antara nilai R atau S yang manakah yang mewakili tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas itu selepas penambahan larutan kuprum(I) sultat? [1 mark] By using collision theory, explain how copper(tI) sulphate solution increase the rate of reaction Dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana kuprum({l) sulfat meningkatkan kadar tindak balas. [4 marks] iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor ar 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 (ii) 100 cm? of 1.0 mol dm® hydrochloric acid and excess zinc are used in the reaction. Write the chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the volume of hydrogen gas released at room conditions, [1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm? at room conditions} 100 cm asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dmv? dan zink berlebihan digunakan dalam tindak balas itu. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu gas hidrogen yang dibebaskan pada keadaan bil [1 mol gas menempati 24 dr? pada keadaan bilik] between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, [5 marks] (b) Table 7 shows the information for three sets of experiment to investigate factors affecting the rate of reaction Jadual 7 menunjukkan maklumat bagi tiga set eksperimen untuk menyiasat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan asid hidroklorik. Time taken to collect 40 cm> a a of carbon londe gas) Exsporinen Bahan finda ales Masa yang dam untuk mengumpul 40 cm? gas ‘bon kein (9 5g calcium carbonate 50 cm? of 1.0 mol dm> cet! “ower nyroctlenic aed 43 5g serbuk kalsium | 50 cm? asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol karbonat_ dm? 5g calcium carbonate 50 om? of 1.0 mol dm> sett chp nyarocloric acd ‘s 5g ketulan kalsium: 50 cm? asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol karbonat_ dm 5 g calcium carbonate 25 ems of 2.0 mol dm® sett ower nyerochoric acd - Sg sorbuthalsum | 26 on asd doktor 20 mol karbonat dim Table TiJadual 7 Based on the information in Table 7, compare the rate of reaction between @ Set! and Set It (Set land Set II By using the collision theory, explain your answers. Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jaduai 7, banding kadar tindak balas antara @ Setidan Seti! (i) Set Idan Set ill ‘Dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran, terangkan jawapan anda. [10 marks} [SPM10-08] Three experiments, |, 1! and Ill are carried out to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction. Table 8 shows the reactants and the conditions of reaction involved, Tiga eksperimen, |, Il dan III dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 8 menunjukkan bahan tindak balas dan keadaan tindak balas yang terlibat. Experiment Eksperimen Reactants Bahan tindak balas Condition of reaction Keadaan tindak balas 50 cin? of 0.6 mol dm=> Excess Zinc hydrochloric acid Zink berlebihan dm? Excess Zinc 50 cm? of 0.5 mol dv " ‘sulphuric acid Zink bertebinan | 50 cnr? asid sulturik 0.5 mo! dm: | m Excess Zinc 50 oro Us el ar Zink berlebihan Ipt 50 om® asid hidrokiorik 0.5 mol 50 om? asid sulfurik 0.5 mol dm? Room temperature ‘Suhu bilik Room temperature ‘Suhu bili 60°C Table SiJadual 8 (@)() Referring to experiment |, Il and Ill, state * The meaning of rate of reaction + Two factors that affect the rate of reaction, ‘Merujuk kepada eksperimen |, Il dan lll, nyatakan: © Maksud kadar tindak balas, iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 28 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 + Dua faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak batas. [3 marks] (i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in experiment |. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen | [2 marks] (b) Calculate the total volume of hydrogen gas released in experiment I [Molar gas volume at room conditions is 24 dm] Hitung jumlah isi padu gas hidrogen yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen | {isi padu molar gas pada keadaan bilik ialah 24 dm] [3 marks] (©) Diagram 8 shows the results of experiments I, I! and Il Rajah 8 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen |, Ik dan Il Volume of hydrogen gas (cm") 1si pad gs drogen em) 2 ‘Time (8) / Masa (8) Diagram 8/ Rajah 8 Based on graph, Berdasarkan graf, () Compare the rate of reaction between experiment | and experiment Il Explain your answer using the Collision Theory. Banding kadar tindak balas antara eksperimen | dan eksperimen Il \Jelaskan Jawapan anda menggunakan Teori Perlanggaran. [5 marks] (i) Suggest one way to obtain curve III without changing the zinc, acid or temperature in experiment IL Explain your answer by using Collision Theory. Cadangkan satu cara untuk memperoleh lengkungan Il tanpa mengubah zink, asid atau suhu dalam eksperimen Il, Jelaskan jawapan anda menggunakan Teor! Perlanggaran. [5 marks} (i) Explain why the total volume of hydrogen gas released in experiment II is doubled that of experiment I Terangkan mengapa jumlah isi padu gas hidrogen yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen Il adalah dua kali ganda eksperimen | [2 marks} [SPMO5-07] (a) Food stored in a refrigerator lasts longer than food stored in a kitchen cabinet. Explain why. ‘Makanan yang disimpan dalam peti sejuk lebih tahan lama daripada makanan yang disimpan dalam almari dapur. Terangkan mengapa. [4 marks} (b) A group of pupils carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of a reaction, Table 7 shows information about the reactants and the temperature used in each experiment. ‘Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas, Jadual 7 menunjukkan maklumat (entyang bahan tindak balas dan suhu yang digunakan dalam setiap eksperimen. iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 2 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 10 - Rate of Reaction ChemQuest 2018 Experiment Reactants ‘Temperature °C Eksperimen Bahan tindak balas ‘Suhu Excess calcium carbonate chips and 30 cm* of 0.5mol dm= i hydrochloric acid Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 30 om? asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm? Excess calcium carbonate chips and 30 om? of 0.5 mol dm® i hydrochloric acid Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 30 om? asid hidrokiorik 0.5 mol dmv? Excess calcium carbonate powder and 30 em’ of 0.5mol dm= i hydrochloric acid ; ‘Serbuk kalsium karbonat bertebihan dan 30 cm? asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm? Table TiJadual 7 30 40 40 Graph 7 shows the results of these experiments, Graf 7 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen-eksperimen ini Volume of gas colleeted/ em? 60 50 40 10 ‘Time/ seconds (Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment | Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I [2 marks] (i) Based on Table 7 and Graph 7, compare the rate of reaction between. Berdasarkan Jadual 7 dan Graf 7, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara: © Experiment | and Experiment Ily Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen I ‘© Experiment II and Experiment Illy Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen ll In each case explain the difference in rate of reaction with reference to the collision theory. Bagi setiap kes terangkan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada teori pelanggaran. [10 marks] (i) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan asid hidroklorik. CaCO; + 2HCI—> CaCl + CO: + H:0 Given that the relative atomic mass of C=12, O=16, Ca=40 and the molar volume of any gas is 24 dm’ mol at room temperature and pressure. Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas produced in Experiment Il Diberi sim atom relative bagi C=12, O=16, Ca=40 dan isipadu molar sebarang gas adalah 24 dmv? mor! pada suhu dan tekanan bilik. Hitung isipadu maksimum gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil dalam ‘eksperimen I. (10 marks} iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 30 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, Johor