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PHYS220 SFSU FormulaSheet
PHYS220 SFSU FormulaSheet
PHYS220 SFSU FormulaSheet
Carmichael
Uniformly accelerated linear motion (a=const.) Newton’s 2nd Law F~net = m~a
Potential energy and force (1D) F = −dU/dx
v = u + at s = ut + 21 at2
Potential energy and force (3D) F~ = −∇U
u+v
v 2 = u2 + 2as s= t Linear Momentum p~ = m~v
2
Newton’s second law (general) F~ = d~
p/dt
Alternative form
Impulse for constant force J~ = ∆~
p = F~ ∆t
v = v0 + at x = x0 + v0 t + 21 at2
Friction (static) fs ≤ fs,max = µs n
2 v0 + v
v = v02 + 2a(x − x0 ) x = x0 + t Friction (kinetic) fk = µk n
2
Weight w = mg
Projectile motion 2D (uniform field g=const.)
Grav. fields due to point or spherical sources
ay = −g = const. ax = 0 = const.
vy (t) = vy (0) − gt vx (t) = vx (0) = const. Force between masses F = Gmm0 /r2
y(t) = y(0) + vy (0)t − 12 gt2 x(t) = x(0) + vx (0)t Gravity field of mass m g = Gm/r2
G.P.E. two masses U = −Gmm0 /r
In terms of v(0) and θ
Grav. potential of m V = −Gm/r
ay = −g = const. ax = 0 = const.
Orbital motion
vy = v(0) sin θ − gt vx = v(0) cos θ = const.
y = y(0) + v(0)t sin θ − 12 gt2 x = x(0) + v(0)t cos θ Kepler’s 2nd Law T 2 = (4π 2 /GM )r3
Orbit (circular) v 2 = GM/r =
v 2 (y) = v 2 (0) − 2g(y − y0 ) Escape velocity v 2 = 2GM/r
vy2 (y) = vy2 (0) − 2g(y − y0 )
Constants related to gravity
Trajectory and velocity equations for x(0) = y(0) = 0
Universal const. of gravitation G = 6.67 × 10−11 N · m2 /kg2
vy (0) 1 g
y(x) = x− x2 Earth surface gravity g = 9.81 m/s2
vx (0) 2 vx2 (0)
1 g
Earth mass & G GME = 3.98 × 1014 m3 /s2
y(x) = x tan θ − x2
2 v 2 (0) cos2 θ Solar mass & G GM = 1.33 × 1020 m3 /s2
Range R, height h, flight time T Moon mass & G GM$ = 4.91 × 1012 m3 /s2
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Formula Sheet: Physics 220 A. Carmichael
Work done by non-con. forces Wnc = ∆Emech Rolling without slipping vcm = Rω, acm = Rα
GPE uniform field Ugrav. = mgh Substitutions for rotational dynamics
Spring (strain) P.E. Uspring = 21 kx2
s =⇒ ∆θ F~ =⇒ ~Γ
Mechanical energy Emech. = K + Utotal
u =⇒ ω0 m =⇒ I
v =⇒ ω K = 21 mv 2 =⇒ Kr = 21 Iω 2
Theorems for variable forces a =⇒ α p~ = m~v =⇒ L~ = I~
ω
Z
Impulse-momentum J~ = ∆~
p = F~av ∆t = Fnet (t)dt Moments of inertia
Z
Moment Object Axis
Work-energy Wnet = ∆K = F~net · d~r
2
I = MR Uniform ring/tube Through centre
1 2
Centre of mass I= 2MR Uniform disk/cylinder Through centre
1 2
Z I= 12 M L Uniform rod Through centre
~ cm = 1 ~ cm = 1
X
R mi~ri R ~rρdV 1 2
M M I= 3ML Uniform rod Through end
2 2
Types of collision I= 5MR Uniform sphere Through centre
2 2
• totally elastic: No loss of K.E. , e = 1 I= 3MR Hollow sphere Through centre
1 2
I= 3Ma Slab width a Along edge (door)
• inelastic: Some loss of K.E., 0 < e < 1
Rotational motion with (α = const.)
• completely inelastic: v1 = v2 = v, e = 0 Max K.E. loss ω = ω0 + αt ∆θ = ω0 t + 21 αt2
Collision conservation laws (1D & 2D) ω0 + ω
ω 2 = ω02 + 2α∆θ ∆θ = t
2
Momentum m1 ~u1 + m2 ~u2 = m1~v1 + m2~v2
2
Simple harmonic motion (SHM)
K.E. (elastic only) 1
2 m1 u1 + 12 m2 u22 = 12 m1 v12 + 12 m2 v22
Hooke’s Law F (x) = −kx
Newton’s collision law (1D only)
acceleration a(x) = −ω 2 x = −n2 x
p
Newton’s collision law (1D) (v2 − v1 ) = −e(u2 − u1 ) Velocity v(x) = ±ω A2 − x2
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Formula Sheet: Physics 220 A. Carmichael
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Formula Sheet: Physics 220 A. Carmichael
Metric Prefixes
exa E 1018
peta P 1015
tera T 1012
giga G 109
mega M 106
kilo k 103
hecto h 102
deci d 10−1
centi c 10−2
milli m 10−3
micro µ 10−6
nano n 10−9
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Formula Sheet: Physics 220 A. Carmichael
Unit Conversions
Astrophysical Data
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Formula Sheet: Physics 220 A. Carmichael
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