OVERVIEW: LAHORE METRO KIA HAI?

ORANGE LINE METRO TRAIN [OLMT] Aur Aap

Kamil Khan Mumtaz: Architect /Urbanist; Nayyar Ali Dada: Architect; Yasmin Lari: Architect; Arif Hassan: Architect; Dr. Ajaz Anwar: Historian; Salima Hashmi: Educationist/Artist;
FeryalGauhar: Social Scientist; I.A. Rahman: President HRCP Human Rights Commission of Pakistan; LCS, Lahore Conservation Society; JAP: Judicial Activism Panel; Husain Naqi, IAP:
Institute Of Architects Pakistan; LBT (Lahore Bachao Tehreek); PCATP : The Pakistan Council Of Architects And Town Planners; UIA : Union Of International Architects; PELA : Pakistan
Environmental Lawyers Association; HRCP : Human Rights Commission Pakistan; WWF: World Wide Fund For Nature Pakistan; PMA : The Pakistan Medical Association; OCCO : The
Office Of Conservation And Community Outreach; PURC: Pakistan Urban Resource Center ; CCP : Concerned Citizens Of Pakistan ; Lok Sujhag; Subh-E-Nau; Shehri; Pakistan Sustainability
Network; Chitrkar; Shirkatgah; Shajardost; Civic Forum; Simorgh; (CICF) The Cecil & Iris Chaudhry Foundation; (SAPPK) South Asia Partnership Pakistan. The Laltain

www.lahoremetroauraap .com FB: Lahore Metro Aur Aap

06-01-16
 The current Orange Line Metro Train Project destroys the possibility of the
integrated Lahore Mass Transport System as conceived in 2005-10

Buses on grade will solve Lahore’s transport problems,. They can be

supported by the revival of existing North South rails for commuter traffic.
Underground trains using Tunnel Boring Machine can be an on going Long
Term investment for the future

The current plan destroys Lahore. It destroys livelihoods , homes and

communities, it destroys heritage, it destroys the environment and the
economy
LAHORE METRO
Lahore’s new mass transit system primarily consists of 4 transit corridors:
GREEN LINE: 27km long
Gajju Mattha to Shahdara
In operation as the Lahore Metro Bus since 2013 on
a Daily Subsidy of PKR4million. Built as an elevated
Bus Viaduct, the Lahore Metro Green line was
originally a North-South Rail line and had both
underground and over-ground sections. Kalma
Chowk Stop was to be an Interchange Station and
was underground. Designed for train with 380,000
riders per day originally current bus estimated
ridership ranges between 70,000 – 180,000 daily.
on the Green Line. Making the system overhead,
system is highly damaging for the environment and
character of the city, greatly amplifying noise and
compromising security for properties along the
route.

Impact:
Decreased Property Value, Loss to business,
alienation of users from built landscape. Increased
noise and hanging pollution.
LAHORE METRO: GREEN LINE
Lahore’s new mass transit system primarily consists of 4 transit corridors
LAHORE METRO
Lahore’s new mass transit system primarily consists of 4 transit corridors:
ORANGE LINE: 27.1km long
Ali Town to Dera Gujjran

Crossing Chauburji, Anarkali, GPO, Lakshmi Chowk,

Railway Station, and Shalimar through Lahore’s most
historic and densely populated areas. The Orange
Line consists of 25.9km elevated viaduct with heights
varying between 59’ – 26’ and a 1.7km long "Semi-
Underground” section using Cut and Cover
technology.

Impact: The cut and cover section of the OLMT

destroy everything on the surface in its path and will
cause the most impact on ground. Buildings both
public and private will be directly impacted by the
Orange Line. OLMT’s elevated track will look into
properties compromising viability, security and value.
250,000 estimated daily ridership. Originally the
OLMT was to connect with PAKISTAN RAILWAYS at
Lahore Main Station.
LAHORE METRO: ORANGE LINE
Lahore’s new mass transit system primarily consists of 4 transit corridors
LAHORE METRO
Lahore’s new mass transit system primarily consists of 4 transit corridors:
PURPLE LINE: 19km long
Data Darbar to Ghazi Road

The Route includes Aitchison College, Mall of

Lahore, & Fortress Stadium stops,

Impact: Expected cutting of trees on Mall road from

the High Court to Mian Mir Bridge. compromised
security at sensitive locations such as Corps
Commanders Residence on Aziz Bhatti Road.
LAHORE METRO: PURPLE LINE
Lahore’s new mass transit system primarily consists of 4 transit corridors
LAHORE METRO
Lahore’s new mass transit system primarily consists of 4 transit corridors:
BLUE LINE: 24km long
Chauburji to Eden Avenue

Affected sites include, Miani Sahib Graveyard,

Lahore College, Kinnaird College, Services Hospital,
Allama Iqbal Medical College, Siddique Trade Centre,
Barkat Market.

Impact: Security concerns and viability of Hospitals

and Colleges. Loss of vegetation. Loss of property
value. Loss of foot traffic to existing businesses.
LAHORE METRO: BLUE LINE
Lahore’s new mass transit system primarily consists of 4 transit corridors:
LAHORE METRO: ORANGE LINE
AT A GLANCE

Length: 27.1km SW – NE orientation 26 stations: 2 Underground 24 Elevated

Av. Distance Between Stations = 1.02km Max. Distance = 1.54km (Sultanpura –
Railway Station) Min. Distance = 0.56km (Anarkali – Central) 19 hectares Rolling Stock
Depot Dera Gujran 6.33 hectare Stabling Yard/ Control Centre/ Security Centre/ 2
High-Voltage Substations
OLMT: ROLLING STOCK DEPOT 19 hectares at Dera Gujjran

Image Courtesy: NORINCO Technical Proposal

 OLMT: STABLING YARD
OLMT: STABLING YARD, 6.33hectares at Ali Town
6.33 hectares at Ali Town

Image Courtesy: NORINCO Technical Proposal

OLMT TRACK: Height Profile
OLMT TRACK: SPECS
Elevated Double ‘U’ Concrete Viaduct 25’ wide, on 6’ wide Single Column Piers
OLMT: ELEVATED STATIONS DESIGN
All elevated station dimensions W = 22.5m/ 73.81’ x L = 102m / 335’
Total Building Area for elevated stations ranges from 4935sqm /53119sft for 10
stations from Chauburji – Ali Town to the largest at Lakshmi Chowk at 6060sqm/
65,229sft
OLMT: ELEVATED STATIONS DESIGN
The max. height of these stations from the road to the apex of the curved roof will be 54’-
9”/16.6m
OLMT: ANARKALI STATION
OLMT: ANARKALI STATION

Cost Comparison with other Cities: Lahore Metro cost per Km = $61.9million. Jakarta
MRT cost per Km = $7.5million. Financial Wastefulness: Transport studies conducted
via JICA reportedly cost between $1Million and $1Billion.Two transport studies
conducted: 2006-2008 Previous LRMTS Metro Proposal Vs. Current Metro Project:
Used tunnel technology and elevated tracks to minimize physical impact on ground.
Time line for completion for whole network (from 2005): 15-25 years. Timeline for
completion Metro network = Unknown. Orange line estimated cost 2006 = $1.9bn
Total Cost for Green, Orange, Purple and Blue Lines 2006 = $6billlion. Total Estimated
Cost of Current Metro Project = Unknown. Completion Orange Line: 27 months.
OLMT: CENTRAL STATION DESIGN
CENTRAL STATION under Mall Rd. at GPO Chowk Total Building Area = 8370sqm/ 90,093sft
Underground Station.
SHALIMAR BAGH: EXISTING
SHALIMAR BAGH: ORANGE LINE
CHAUBURJI STATION: EXISTING
CHAUBURJI: EXISTING
CHAUBURJI: ORANGE LINE
GENERAL POST OFFICE: EXISTING
PROJECT COST OLMT = $1.75B CHINESE LOAN = $1.6B @3% per annum
$1B + Interest rolling stock purchase goes
back to China via NORINCO . GOP will
receive $0.6B for civil works to be
executed by LDA+NESPAK contractors. All
payments will be made by the Chinese
directly.

Interest on loan in the 1st year is PKR5.5B

to be paid back in 20years. Estimated total
cost of the OLMT is still unknown as
several costs to deliver the project are not
in the PC1.
COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN PROJECT PC 1
LAND ACQUISITION “990 Kanals” approx. as per project EIA
(environmental impact assessment)

Media reports suggest a higher figure close to 1600

Kanals
ANARKALI: EXISTING
ANARKALI: ORANGE LINE
“Provided that no person shall enter into any building or upon any enclosed
court or garden attached to a dwelling-house (unless with the consent of the
occupier thereof) without previously giving such occupier at least 7 days’
notice in writing of his intention to do so previously giving such occupier at
least seven days’

notice in writing of his intention to do so.”

Land Acquisition Act 1894.
Protests Around the City
Compensation Formulas for Land
Acquisition are Far Below Market Rates.

‘They said the government had promised to

pay them Rs 150,000 per marla, and now the
government is insisting to give us only
Rs.50,000 which is approximately 33% of the
total amount.’
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/punjab/22-Dec-2015/unjust-land-prices-
harbanspura-residents-protest-against-omt
PUNJAB LAND ACQUISTION ACT, 1894 Article 23.

In determining the amount of compensation to be awarded for land acquired under

this Act, the Court shall take into consideration – first, the market-value of the land at
the date of the publication of the notification….fourthly, the damage (if any) sustained
by the person interested, at the time of the Collector’s taking possession of the land,
by reason of the acquisition injuriously affecting his other property … in any
… manner, or his earnings; fifthly, if, in consequence of the acquisition of land …
(persons are) compelled to change residence or place of business, the Reasonable
expenses (if any) incidental to such change; and sixthly, the damage (if any) bona fide
resulting from diminution of the profits of the land between the time of the
publication of the declaration under section 6 and the time of the Collector’s
Taking possession of the land. In addition to the market-value of the land as above
provided, the Court shall award a sum of 15% on market-value, in consideration
of the compulsory nature of the acquisition, if the acquisition has been made for a
public purpose and a sum of 25%on such market-value if the acquisition has been
made for a Company.
RELOCATION COSTS

Relocation costs of all public services, new land/new builds/

refurbishment/additional construction of those that are partly acquired.
Permanent loss to services in catchment areas. For example the Institute for
Disabled Children. Serves 250 families in Anarkali/Jain Mandir area. Other
examples of unaccounted costs include costs for repairs, relocation etc. of
public schools, clinics, police and fire stations, railway infrastructures,
amenity plots, post offices, footpaths etc.
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE REQUIRING MITIGATION MEASURES (from EIA Report)
Disruption in daily routine/ activities of locals and visitors
Structural Stability in the patch where cut and cover will be done.
Solid waste generation and due management during construction and operation;
Accidental leaks/spills of hazardous chemicals from construction activities &
machinery
Contamination of Ground water by construction activities; and Relocation of Public
Utilities (water, gas, power lines etc.)

Construction of tunnel will affect Archeological/cultural sites during

Construction
Health and safety issues of workers & commuters. 27
civilians have been killed by the movement of heavy
machinery for the Orange Line since the project began in
• OLMT EIA states total environmental cost at Rs. 18,512,150. This includes
Rs. 576,000 for environmental monitoring, Rs.16,936,150 for Tree
Plantation and Rs. 100,000 environmental training cost.

• No money is allocated for actual mitigation measures during construction.

Disturbance to public movement during construction
Air + Noise Pollution due to the operating of construction machinery during gestation
phase of the project.
Permanent Subsidy

Permanent Subsidy. Green Line PKR 4

million/day (GOPb). Per annum the
subsidy alone is $0.14 billion. To date the
subsidy has been $0.28B and is to
last for 50years.

Permanent (estimated) Subsidy on OLMT

PKR171/passenger is the break even cost of a
trip/passenger each fare kept at Rs. 20. The
subsidy will be Rs 151 per trip. Net subsidy on
fares for the OLMT will be $1.38B/year

(http://www. Brecorder.com/br-research/44:miscellaneous/4530:is-
orange-line-worth-the-cost/.
PERMANENT ENVIRONMENTAL & HEALTH IMPACT:

Urban Heat Island Effect from tarmacization

and removal of green spaces. Plus choice of
viaduct technology will have the following
effects. The elevated viaducts act as heater
tubes and also concentrate pollutants and
increase the life of diseases.
Temperature rise in the city.

Increased illness as well as heat related

death. Secondary effect on increased
energy requirements and health related
costs in Lahore.

3653 trees will be cut. Including 2907

mature trees ( GOPb figures from EIA
report)
Impact on Heritage

PC1 does not include cost of damage prevention to building stock 400 years old
& younger

Loss of future revenue in tourism in Billions of $

Istanbul, paris, delhi & other cities have preserved their heritage
Government College from outdie
from inside Government College
 Shalimar Gardens circa 1642. Protected under UNESCO World Heritage Convention
1972, National Antiquities Act 1975

Projected View of Elevated Track from inside the garden

Impact: Obstructed view, reduced access. Compromised environment in the garden, with garish
views of the concrete viaduct. Remains Shalamar Hydraulic Works will also be concrete pylons
with the viaduct wrapping itself around the remains of the monument. Elevated viaduct section
 Chauburji circa 1646 Protected under: National Antiquities Act 1975

Impact: Endangered by Project during construction phase as well as further traffic & noise
stresses post construction. Possible Structural Damage compromised views, limited access.
Elevated viaduct section.
Projected impaired views of the monument from the road
Gulabi Bagh, Dai Anga’s Tomb, Saruwala Maqbara integrated site: Built between 1655 - 18th
century these sites make up a continuous heritage property. Protected under Antiquities Act
1975. Impact: obstructed views, reduced access, possible structural damage due to vibration
and extreme proximity. Elevated Viaduct Section.
Buddhu ka Awa: Built 17th Century, protected under Antiquities Act 1975. Impact: Possible
structural damage due to vibrations. Less than 30' away from the elevated track. Obstructed
view, restricted access. Elevated viaduct section
JANI KHAN'S TOMB: Built 1748, protected under Antiquities Act
1975. Impact: Restricted Access, Obstructed view, elevated
viaduct section.
MAHABAT KHAN'S GARDEN: Built in late 16th or early 17th
Century, protected under Antiquities Act 1975. Impact: Restricted
access, obstructed view elevated viaduct section.
ZEBUNNISA'S TOMB: Built in 1669, protected under Antiquities
Act 1975. Impact: Further obstructed view, compromised vistas,
reduced access. Elevated viaduct section.
SHAH CHIRAGH: Mughal era shrine and mosque, built 1627.
Protected under Antiquities Act 1975. Impact: Damage due to
vibrations in gestation period. Further impact un-assessed but
within 200' of underground Central Station.
MOMINPURA GRAVEYARD: Pre-Mughal graveyard of specific
importance to Lahore's Shia community. Impact: Losing
area/graves, compromised security and privacy, visual
impairment, added noise. Elevated Viaduct Section. After protests
the government has recently provided verbal reassurances to the
Shia Community that the graveyard will not be touched.
NAULAKHA PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH: Built 1853, Punjab Special
Premises, 1985. Impact: Losing front wall and trees, compromised
viability due to proximity of elevated track.
CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION: Built 1887, unique
"Early English“ architectural style buildings commissioned by the
British. Impact: Land being taken by Project Pumping Station.
LAHORE HIGH COURT: Built 1889, protected under Punjab Special
Premises Preservation Ordinance 1985. Impact: Losing front
parking lot due to underground Central Station and permanent
exit/entry and ventilation structures. Cut and Cover Section
Lakshmi Mansions: Built 1935, Punjab Special
Premises Preservation Ordinance 1985
DELHI MILESTONE ON MCLEOD ROAD: Punjab
Special Premises Preservation Ordinance 1985.
Impact: Recently removed or destroyed
Kapurthala House, Anarkali: To be demolished for
Anarkali interchange station. Impact: Destruction of
the Art Deco Kapurthala estate. Loss of an
underprivileged community living here since
decades in some cases since and prior to Partition.
AIWAN-E-AUQAF: Built in the 19th Century. Impact:
Uncertain, but in very close proximity to the Central
underground station.
AIWAN-E-AUQAF BAGH: Being demolished to make
way for Central Station.
SUPREME COURT BUILDING LAHORE: Punjab Special
Premises Preservation Ordinance, 1985. Impact:
Uncertain, but Cut and Cover section of Project
Alignment abuts next to it.
25 properties include sites protected under the National Antiquities Act 1975 and/or
The Punjab Special Premises (Preservation) Ordinance 1985 which state that no new
construction can happen within 200ft of a listed site. At Shalimar Bagh the World
Heritage Convention 1972 mandates a 250’ distance. The OLMT alignment from
Chauburji to Shalimar passes through the most historic areas of the city oblivious to
the specified distance on these locations. Key heritage sites being affected are listed
as:
Circa 1849. Protected under Punjab Special Premises Preservation Ordinance 1985.
GPO circa 1849. Nabha Road Veranda being cut where marked. Front Garden being
taken.
 20.5 m

19.9 m 10.2 m
Building Line of

Building Line of
Supreme Court

Distance from Existing 6.0 m Distance from Existing

GPO
Building Building

Boundary Wall
of Supreme 2.3 m
Court Boundary Wall
1.6 m of GPO

Top Slab

Pile Wall

Base Slab
 St Andrew’s
Presbytarian Church
Nabah Rd
Circa 1860S
Baba Mauj Darya: Built in 1591 by
Emperor Akbar, and the saint
interred in 1604 is an active
religious site. Protected under
Antiquities Act 1975.
ANARKALI STATION

Impact: Shrine being cut in half as

per NESPAK plans. After recent
protests the GOPb has given verbal
reassurances that the shrine/grave
itself will not be touched.
Mauj Darya Mosque: A part of the
Shrine Complex, this mosque is
being demolished then being
“rebuilt”. GOPb in a public
meeting declared it as “Protected
antiquities list. Impact: being
demolished and rebuilt. Cut and
Cover Section
 Revisited Area to minimize the Construction Influence
on S/C Building

G.P.O Chowk

Revised Influence Zone Central

Original Influence Zone
Chauburji Station
PROJECT VIABILITY.
According to the PC 1 for the Orange Line economic viability of the project is
based on ridership, reduction in vehicle use/petrol consumption and time
saved of the riders. Plus job creation.

Govt estimates, Orange Line. Projected ridership 250,000 passengers /day +

Green Metro Bus Line 170,000 passengers/day + Purple Line x passengers per
/day + Blue Line x passengers/day
Total population of Lahore = 11 million
% of the population of Lahore served by the Orange Line + Green Line = 3.8%
% of the population Lahore served by the Orange Line= 2.2%
% of the population of the Punjab served by the Orange Line plus Green Line = 0.4 %
% of the population of the Punjab served by the Orange Line = 0.2 %
REDUCTION IN VEHICLE DEPENDENCY & FUEL :
Considering the Green Line as a test case for the efficiency of the Metro System:
Most bus commuters use another form of
transport to get to and from the
bus stations. This has not resulted in lesser
traffic on Ferozepur Road. Metro Bus
Authority in assessing its “success” only
factors in users of the bus system.
Reconstruction of the Ferozepur road traffic
flow system by the same
agencies/contractors undertaking the
Orange Line road work has led to increased
distances between nodes and generated
traffic jams and bottle necks. This in turn
translates into longer engine running hours,
more fuel consumption and more pollution.

The Metro System once built will not

service the majority of city dwellers.
After 2yrs. Green line of being in use the
corridor has not led to accelerated
development on or better services on the
transit corridor.
Job Creation via OLMT?
• Job creation through the transit corridor’s construction is temporary and
non-renewable. Post construction , jobs created to meet operating system
requirements, station maintenance and manning of station shops is a
small percentage of total jobs lost due to displacement of homes,
businesses etc.
• Removal of existing shops, businesses, hawkers will lead to GDP losses to
and harm the urban poor more so. In high population, poor areas from
Chauburji –Shalimar, the damage to both social and economic networks
may be irreversible.
• Removal of existing public transport jobs from roads wagons etc . 250
wagons have been reportedly removed from the Ferozepur road route
Property Value & Urban Renewal?

• Loss of remaining property value along elevated route

Energy Consumption: The train will run on the existing energy grid of
Lahore. Power supply system High Voltage Substation For the whole
line, two high voltage substations are designed, which are
located nearby U.E.T Station and Shahnoor Station. Each high
voltage substation is connected to 132kV power supply from
the upstream local substation

Dedicated power supply of around 80 MW capacity has to be

derived from existing grid station system of LESCO. The
electricity management plan during construction will be given
by LESCO at the time of relocation of concerned poles in
respective areas.

http://epd.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Section-3-Project%20Description.pdf
LOAD SHEDDING IN LAHORE: 6-12 HOURS/DAY
Pakistan has been facing substantial shortages in the power sector and the
province of Punjab is no exception. In Punjab, at present, there is a demand-
supply gap of about 4000 MW which is increasing at a rate of 6% per annum.
Punjab with 68% of the consumption of generated power and gas is worst
affected and has to endure both power and gas load shedding with adverse
social and economic consequences.

http://energy.punjab.gov.pk/
Security, Privacy & OLMT:
• 25.4 km of the track is elevated at a height of a 2.5-6 story building.
The track is at points very close to buildings on either side
• 250,000 passengers will be able to see into 100,000s of homes
• Current Security measures will be rendered ineffective.
• Churches, mosques, schools, hospitals and public buildings will be
vulnerable to terrorist attack
 Lahore Metro Cost/km = $61.9million (2015-17)

Rio de Janeiro Metro Cost/ Km = $31.1 million (2015)

Source: Transport Development in Asian Megacities, Shigeru Morichi, Surya Raj Acharya editors, Springer Books, 2013)
THE LARGER QUESTION: WATER + SANITATION/ EDUCATION VS.
ALLOCATED FUNDING FOR TRANSPORT & ROADS + TRANSPORT SUBSIDIES 2015-16
PUNJAB'S DEVELOPMENT BUDGET FOR 2015-
16: Education $0.55B including School
Education, Higher Education, Special
Education, Literacy, Sports and Youth Affairs.

Water Supply and Sanitation- Punjab

development budget for 2015-2016 is $0.24B
25.6% of Pakistan has access to clean drinking
water.

113/124: Pakistan’s current standing on the

Human Capital Index due to poor
performance on educational outcomes.
(Human Capital Report 2015, World Economic
Forum)

Development budget for Roads and Transport

(not including most Orange train related
costs) is $0.92B this year alone.
THE LARGER QUESTION:
WATER + SANITATION + EDUCATION + HEALTH + LABOR + AGRICULTURE + LIVESTOCK + INDUSTRY
VS.
TRANSPORT & ROADS + BUILDINGS+ TRANSPORT SUBSIDIES

Punjab Developmet Plan 2015-16 (Rs Billions)

Education, 55.564
Health & Family
Orange Metro Line Planning, 30.725
Water Supply &
Loan, 166.4
Sanitation, 24
Industries, 7.33
Livestock, 5.065
Agriculture , 10.725

Roads, Public
Building & Urban
Transport, 28.03 Development, 95.106

Labor & HR, 0.61

Financial Wastefulness: Two Transport studies conducted by JICA reportedly cost
between $9M and $1B between 2006-2008 Previous LRMTS Metro Proposal Vs.
Current Metro Project: Used tunnel technology and elevated tracks to minimize
physical impact on ground. Time line for completion for whole network (from 2005):
15-25 years. Timeline for completion Metro network = Unknown. Orange line
estimated cost 2006 = $1.75bn + Total Cost for Green, Orange, Purple + Blue Lines
2006 = $6billlion. Total Estimated Cost of Current Metro Project = Unknown

NORINCO Technical Proposal forms the basis for the OLMT Project. Not the JICA study.
LACK OF INDEPENDENT OVERSIGHT
Public Hearing in June 2015. Concerns were raised about land acquisition, the threat to heritage
sites and the environment, none were sufficiently addressed. Not disclosed. The exact route,
exact land to be acquired, detailed plans, the EIA report. 3 sections of the EIA were placed on line by the
GOPb only
The LDA, TEPA, P and D dept , NESPAK, the Lahore Commissioner, and the current DG
archaeology have been asked for information/public documents in writing no information has
been forthcoming

The EIA was prepared by NESPAK, the same company hired as consultants to monitor the
build.

The PC1 was also prepared by NESPAK. Checked and Approved by General Manager
Operations, Punjab Metrobus Authority. Approved by Housing, Urban Development & Public
Health Engineering Department (HUD & PHED)-
DDEMANDS: STOP CONSTRUCTION IMMEDIATELY,
CONDUCT A FULL PUBLIC REVIEW OF
THE PROJECT

CONSULT STAKEHOLDERS ESPECIALLY

THOSE DIRECTLY AFFECTED.

PROCEED IN A MORE DEMOCRATIC,

INFORMED AND LAWFUL MANNER
VIABLE ALTERNATIVES
Increase buses on grade on existing roads, establish bus lanes, cycle
lanes. High taxation on private cars will relieve traffic and pollution
Revitalize and refurbish the existing North South alignment Railway
Tracks. Use the existing tracks for commuter traffic. These cover much
of the route of the Orange and Purple Lines

Widen pavements not roads

For long term planning (next 25-100 years), use Tunnel Boring
Machine (TBM) with specific focus on heritage and human costs with
regards to station exit entry positions. TBM spread over decades will
not put a huge pressure on the economy as this is doing. London
Underground started being built in the 19th century, it is still being
built.