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Arthrologi Blok 7 Tahun 2016 Edit Ida
Arthrologi Blok 7 Tahun 2016 Edit Ida
(ARTHROLOGY)
BAGIAN ANATOMI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS MATARAM
Definition
• A joint (articulation or arthrosis) is a point of contact
between two or more bones, between cartilage and
bones, or between teeth and bones.
• The scientific study of joints is called arthrology.
• Joints hold bones together but permit movement
• Point of contact
– between 2 bones
– between cartilage and bone
– between teeth and bones
• Arthrology = study of joints
• Kinesiology = study of motion
Joints by
Functional Classification
Type Movement Example
Synarthrosis None Sutures, Teeth,
(minimal) Epiphyseal plates,
1st rib and costal
cart.
Amphiarthrosis Slight Distal Tibia/fibula
Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Diarthrosis Great Glenohumeral joint
Knee joint
TMJ
Joints by
Structural Classification
Structure Type Example
Cartilagenous Synchondrosis Epiphyseal plates
Symphysis Intervertebral discs
Fibrous Sutures Skull
Syndesmoses Distal Tibia/fibula
Gomphosis Teeth in sockets
Synovial Glenohumeral joint
Knee joint
TMJ
Cartilaginous Joint -- Synchondrosis
• 2 bones joined by
fibrocartilage
– pubic symphysis
and intervertebral
discs
• Only slight
amount of
movement is
possible
Fibrous Joint -- Sutures
• Protraction = movement
anteriorly on horizontal
plane
– thrusting the jaw
forward, shoulders or
pelvis forward
• Retraction is movement
posteriorly
Circumduction
• Movement in which one end
of an appendage remains
stationary while the other end
makes a circular motion
• Sequence of flexion,
abduction, extension and
adduction movements
– baseball player winding up for
a pitch
Rotation
• Movement on
longitudinal axis
– rotation of trunk,
thigh, head or arm
• Medial rotation
turns the bone
inwards
• Lateral rotation
turns the bone
outwards
Supination and Pronation
• In the forearm and foot
• Supination
– rotation of forearm so that the
palm faces forward
– inversion and abduction of foot
(raising the medial edge of the
foot)
• Pronation
– rotation of forearm so the palm
faces to the rear
– eversion and abduction of foot
(raising the lateral edge of the
foot)
Movements of Head and Trunk