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Pipe Support Attachment WRC Analysis
Pipe Support Attachment WRC Analysis
PVP2013
July 14-18, 2013, Paris, France
PVP2013-97622
Anindya Bhattacharya
Technical Head, Stress Analysis
CB&I, 40 East Bourne Terrace, London, W2 6LG,
United Kingdom.
Phone: +442070535668
ABSTRACT
4. Comparison of FEA, WRC 107, WRC297 and “Kellogg”
Despite the availability of special purpose FE codes with
methods w.r.t the following parameters:
post processing facilities as per rules of ASME SEC VIII
• Type of loading (Radial, Longitudinal, Circumferential)
Division 2, use of simple analytical methods like ring loading
applied in a “ stand-alone manner” is absence of pressure
around a circumference or more complex methods like
Welding Research council bulletins 107 and 297, will continue • D , t and d ratios
T T D
to be used in the industry for a significant period of time for
• Combined loading including pressure
stress analysis of pipe support attachments. The reasons are
• Different element types
few: not all engineering companies have such custom made
FE codes, lack of trained personnel to work with general
NOMENCLATURE
purpose FE codes, ease of implementation of the available
methods and their successful design history, cost and time ξ , ϕ - components in the ( ξ ,ϕ ) coordinate of the main
issues with FE analysis etc. In this paper these available shell
methods will be reviewed based on their theoretical r,R - mid surface radii of the branch pipe and main shell
background, their range of applicability w.r.t the typical design E,ν - Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio respectively
parameters and their comparison with FE analysis. More un - radial displacement
recent analytical methods based on mathematically accurate
space curves of intersections for circular attachments will also ρ0 - diameter ratio = d
D
be discussed. This study will include both circular as well as T - thickness of main shell
non-circular attachments. This paper will highlight the φ - Airy stress function
strengths and weaknesses of the conventionally used methods
p - internal pressure
especially with respect to their mathematical limitations to
make an analyst aware of the potential over conservatism and ρ ,θ ,z - global cylindrical coordinates in 3D space
under conservatism of these analytical methods. Finite
pξ , pϕ - surface force components in the directions
element analysis models will be discussed in detail
specifically in relation to elements used, element parameters, w - vertical displacement
boundary conditions and post processing. ET 3
H - flexural rigidity of shell =
INTRODUCTION 12( 1 − µ 2 )
Z - loading in vertical direction
In this paper, the subject matter has been structured in the
t - thickness of attached shell
following manner:
1. Discussion of the available theoretical methods, from the ET
K - foundations stiffness = 2
simplest to the advanced. R
2. Brief overview of basic shell mathematical model. x - direction of longitudinal axis of cylinder
3. Brief overview of available finite element options. S - section modulus of the trunnion pipe
A - area of cross section of trunnion pipe
al. [5, 33, 11, 16, 25] of Donnell’s. Morley’s equation is expressed in complex-
valued form by Simmonds [11] as follows:
Theory of thin elastic shells, in which T/R<<1 is
4 2 ∂
2
χ = P ( pξ , pϕ , p )
insignificant in magnitude is derived on the basis of Love-
∇ + ∇ − 4µ i 2
2
(11)
Kirchhoff assumptions. A generally accepted fact is this ∂ξ
( )
approach has an error of order of magnitude O T .
R where, χ and µ are the same as in eq-(10) and (9). The right
When a solution is derived by omitting some terms, which hand side of eq-(11) is a load function dependent on the
has order of magnitude larger than O T ( )
R
(such as surface force components acting on the shell.
( )
The cylindrical thin shell equations derived by
O T for shallow shell equations), the accuracy of the Goldenveizer, Morley, Simmonds and Timoshenko (which
R
was used by Bijlaard) have the same inherent error in order of
( )
solution is bound to be lower. The detailed analysis of the
above-mentioned concept can be found in well-known magnitude O T . The solution has the order of accuracy
R
literature and textbooks of thin shell theory [6].
The “exact” equations for thin elastic cylindrical shells are ( )
O T . WRC-297, which is based on Steele’s work on
R
very complicated. For a problem of cylindrical shell with cut- shallow shell equations covers a range of only
out [25], Donnell [8] presented an approximate equation
( )
r ≤ sin π < 0.5 .
(omitting terms of order of magnitude O ( R
T
)
) from
R 6
For detailed analysis of the approach taken by Xue et al
Flügge’s equation [13]. This equation is quite simple and can refer [17, 31].
be expressed in complex-valued displacement-stress function In essence, the approach taken is to use compatibility
form (Lekkerkerker [15] and Steele [3]) as follows: conditions enforced on the geometrically correct curve of
intersection as opposed to an assumed curve of intersection
4 2 ∂
( )
2
R ( )
cylindrical shell with opening is only r ≤ sin π = 0.5 .
6
The edge effects of general cylindrical shells and shallow
shells mathematically differ.
only issue with this procedure is the through thickness stress FEA shell element
8 6 3
component. (STRI3) Cylinder
To avoid end effect, the location of the trunnion has been FEA shell element
13 4 5
taken as 5D [24] i.e. five times the Outside Diameter of the (STRI3) Trunnion
Header Pipe with respect to the end of the header. The worst FEA shell element
9 6 3
aspect ratio around the intersection (HEX elements) was 6.0, (STRI65) Cylinder
average aspect ratio 2.0. One end of the header was fixed in all FEA shell element
13 4 5
six DOFs and the other end is fixed in five DOF’s. The DOF (STRI65) Trunnion
along the longitudinal axis of the header was kept free to FEA continuum
9 5 3
generate longitudinal pressure stress (for models where element Cylinder
pressure was applied). Linear and full integration elements FEA continuum
12 3 6
were not selected in the quadrilateral and brick versions to element Trunnion
5.0 RESULTS 36 inch header, 30 inch trunnion, wall thickness = 9.52 mm for
both. Magnitude of Force = 10KN, length of trunnion = 100
The stresses shown in the tables below belong to the
mm, d = 0.84 , t = 1
Pb + Pl + Q category and are in N/mm2. Only maximum Von D T
Mises equivalent stress values are shown. For continuum Radial Longitudinal Circumferential
Loading Type
elements, stresses have been Linearized using [28] as a Force force force
guideline. For tables 1-5 the applied loadings are at the end of
WRC 107 Cylinder 45 2 12
the Trunnion which makes it a Shear Force + Bending
Moment at the Shell-Nozzle interface for the Longitudinal and
WRC 107 Trunnion NA NA NA
Circumferential Force applications.. Pressure is not a part of
the loadings in Tables 1-5. For WRC-107 and WRC-297
WRC 297 Cylinder 51 5 16
computations, code FE-107 has been used.
Table-1 WRC 297 Trunnion 56 4 16
30 inch header, 24 inch trunnion, wall thickness = 9.52 mm for Kellogg Cylinder 6 2 4
both. Magnitude of Force = 10KN, length of trunnion = 100
mm, d = 0.8 , t = 1 : Kellogg Trunnion 0.5 0.2 0.2
D T
Radial Longitudinal Circumferential FEA shell element
Loading Type 21 7 5
Force force force (S8R) Cylinder
FEA continuum
Kellogg Trunnion 0.6 0.4 0.4 19 6 4
element Cylinder
FEA shell element 10KN, length of trunnion = 100 mm, d = 0.36 , t = 0.86 :
(STRI65) Trunnion
47 15 30 D T
FEA continuum Radial Longitudinal Circumferential
44 13 27 Loading Type
element Cylinder Force force force
24 inch header, 20 inch trunnion, and wall thickness = 9.52 WRC 297 Trunnion 74 34 78
mm for header and 6.35 mm for trunnion. Magnitude of Force
= 10KN, length of trunnion = 100 mm, d = 0.84 , Kellogg Cylinder 16 20 40
D
t = 0.67 : Kellogg Trunnion 2 4 4
T
Radial Longitudinal Circumferential FEA shell element
Loading Type 48 26 46
Force force force (S8R) Cylinder
Torsional Moment
(Circumferential)
for header and 8.18 mm for trunnion. Magnitude of Force =
Circumferential
(Longitudinal)
Loading Type
Longitudinal
Radial Force
Shear Force
Shear Force
10KN, length of trunnion = 100 mm, d = 0.36 , t = 0.86 :
D T
moment
moment
Radial Longitudinal Circumferential
Loading Type
Force force force
FEA shell
FEA shell element element
44 22 40 47 6 10 20 106 361
(STRI65) Cylinder (STRI65)
Cylinder
FEA shell element
39 19 37 FEA shell
(STRI65) Trunnion
element
45 6 9 23 104 402
FEA continuum (STRI65)
46 24 44
element Cylinder Trunnion
Shear Force
Shear Force
moment
moment
FEA shell
element
46 7 8 24 103 403
(STRI3)
Trunnion
36 inch header, 12 inch trunnion, wall thickness = 9.52 mm for FEA Shell element (STRI65)
80 30 33
Shoe
header and 6.35 mm for Trunnion (results shown for
maximum Pb + Pl + Q in Mpa) FEA Continuum element
81 24 33
Cylinder
WRC 107 Cylinder 321 FEA Continuum element Shoe 78 35 32
WRC 107 Trunnion NA
Results for Pipe Shoes: (Stresses at locations of FEA Shell element (S8R) Shoe 80 22 12
singularities have not been considered) FEA Shell element (STRI3)
62 14 18
Cylinder
Note: WRC-107 method has been used even though in most
cases β1 , β 2 are above the allowable limit. So far Pipe Shoes FEA Shell element (STRI3)
Shoe
75 22 13
are concerned, the typically used dimensions render them FEA Shell element (STRI65)
unsuitable for use of WRC-107. Despite this fact, the author in 60 14 20
Cylinder
his experience has seen its usage for computation of local FEA Shell element (STRI65)
stresses at Shoe Attachments and its use is mostly due to 82 22 14
Shoe
availability of this module in most common pipe stress FEA Continuum element
63 18 25
programmes. For the WRC 107 computation of Pipe Shoes, Cylinder
the geometry of the attachment has been considered as FEA Continuum element Shoe 82 20 16
Rectangular solid. Pipe Stress Program CAESAR II Version
5.2 has been used for this purpose. For Tables 10, 11 and 12,
2c1=500 mm and 2c2=450 mm.
Kellogg Shoe 12
For Tables 13-15, applied load in longitudinal, circumferential FEA shell element (S8R) Cylinder 80
and radial directions = 40KN( applied together), pressure =
FEA shell element (S8R) Shoe 85
18.9 barg. Pressure has been applied but not as radial thrust
load. FEA shell element (STRI3) Cylinder 84
Kellogg Shoe 12