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IBO 2015 Theory 1 (EN)
IBO 2015 Theory 1 (EN)
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International Biology Olympiad e.V. !
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All IBO examination questions are published under the following Creative Commons license:
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CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike) -
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The exam papers can be used freely for educational purposes as long as IBO is credited and
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ibo 2015 https://bioscience.au.dk/students/be0a6cf4acf6d02ecc513087
O2 saturation (%)
ctrl
+BPG
+Cl-
+BPG+Cl-
P(O2) (mmHg)
A B
1
a
2
3
b
5 d
A B
taxi driver
control
125
4
105 2
0
85 *
-2
65
-4
45
anterior body posterior 0 100 200 300 400
Time as a taxi driver (months)
A B C
Distance from
30
45
60
75
0 0.25 0.5
Amount of elastin
D 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 5 10 15
Number of nerves
120 40
100 Blue
Fin
60 20
Bowhead
40
Humpback 10
20 α/10km
α/100km
α/1000km
0 0
10 100 1000 10000 100000
Frequency (Hz)
IV
1 1
V(O2)/g fish
V(O2) / fish
III
0.1 0.1
II
0.01 0.01
+
V Va
+
Prothrombin Thrombin
+
Fibrinogen Fibrin (clot formation)
80
60
40
20
8 10 12 14 16
[K+] (mM)
A Surface vessels B
arteria
Skin
vein
C
39°C
36°C
35°C
37°C
24°C
15°C Ta = 16°C
37°C 14°C
Body core
14°C
Artery Vein
14°C
Heat transfer
20°C
Tf = 20°C
A B
C D
B 160 − ATU
+ ATU
140
120
N2O/(individual*hour)
100
80
nirK
NO3− NO2− NO N2O N2
60
40
20
0
Whole animal
A B C
Survival (%)
Tx 4h BI
MARV
Tx 24h PI
50 50 EBOV 50
Tx 48h PI
Tx 72h PI
Tx 96h PI
Tx 120h PI
0 0 0
0 1 3 10 30 60
0 1 2 0 5 10 15
BCX concentration (µM) log10(BCX concentration, µM) Time after infection (d)
A B
Before cutting 1 day after cutting Pore size: 2.0 µm Pore size: .22 µm
O2 consumption rate 0 20 40 60 0 20 40 60 0 20 40 60 0 20 40 60
(µmol / (mL d))
O2 concentration (µM) 0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400
I II
0 0
0 0
1 1
Depth (mm)
1 1
2 2
3 3 2 2
5 5
3 3
10 10 6 7 8 6 7 8
5 5
pH pH
15 15
O2 consumption rate
20 20 O2 concentration
5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8
pH
pH pH H2S concentration
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 Sediment surfaces
H2S (µM) H2S (µM) Cut line
A B
Cholera toxin
Vibrio cholerae Cholera toxin-injected loops
Na+ 0.20
Cl− H2 O
Loop weight
GM1 CFTR 0.15
Retrograde
endocytosis 0.10
Gs α
0.05
AC
0 10 20 200
CFTR-172 dose (µg)
Gi
Epithelial cell
Peru 1991
Bangladesh 1971
Bangladesh 2008
Bangladesh 2002
Haiti 2010
A B
70
60 Ctrl
Adipocyte number
SA
Ctrl 60
40
30
Day1 20
10
0
00
0
0
0
Day2 30
10
20
50
70
90
1
~1
>1
0~
0~
0~
0~
0~
00
20
40
60
80
10
Adipocyte size
C D E
n.s.
3×105 n.s.
*
*
SA (CFU/gm)
Wound size (mm)
* 107 *
15 2×105
SA (CFU/gm)
106
10 105
104 1×105
5
103
0 102 0
Ctrl BADGE 101
Ctrl BADGE mp
+
mp
−
m p+ mp
−
Ca Ca Ca Ca
Ctrl BADGE
A B
3G
Gene
Rhizobium nodules
Number of
mRNA
Enzyme
N mg/cm3
Kinase CaM
A B
1.0
Breadth of seed/fruit diet
Overlap in consumed
food items between
in a habitat
0.5
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
Ratio of beak depth of
Total diversity of seed/fruit co-occuring finch pairs
in a habitat
1,000 85%
100 50%
10 15%
1
Mean TTX in newts
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1,000
Mean resistance level in snakes
II
III
IV G
G
F
S MO S F MO
A B
100 100
IS MA IS MA
75 75
FO (%)
A (%)
50 50
25 25
0 0
H2
Food niche breadth
and overlap
H3
H1
Seasonal changes
in fruit availability
A B C
0.0 22
14
12 -0.2 20
50ha 50ha
Number of species
25ha 25ha
Rate of species
10 18
10ha 10ha
remaining
extinction
-0.4
8 5ha 5ha
t1/2
1ha 1ha 16
6 -0.6
14
4 -0.8
2 12
-1.0
0 10
0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (years) Time (years) Island area (ha)
since isolation since isolation
A B C
I II
Cuba
III IV
A
65
Wind speed (m/s)
45
25
B C
20.0 80
120
Distance to the air source (cm)
70
α
Relative force
30.8 60
110
50
85.1 40 100
30
357.5 20 90
A B
16 42
Behavioral observations (%)
14
12 38
[Cortisol] (ng/g)
NC
10
TC
8 34
6
4 30
2
0 26
NST ST1 ST2 NST ST1 ST2
Human
Harbour seal
Harbour porpoise
Harbour eDNA
Site 1 eDNA
Site 7 eDNA
A
Normal/wildtype: ------GAG GGC AGG GCC CTC CCA GTC TTT------
Mutant: ------GAG GGC AGG GCC TCC CAG TCT TTT------
75
50
Size (kDa)
37
25
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 5
A II
2 3 4
III
B
0 line
26 kb
23 kb
18.5 kb
16 kb
II-1 III-2 III-3 III-4 II-5 ctrl
I 1 2 3 4
II 1 2 3 4 5
III 1 2 3 4 5
IV 1 2 ?
Haemophilia and
Haemophilia colour blindness
50%
70%
90%
A
70% B
30%
50%
10%
50%
10%
10% 80%
Gene a b c
Enzyme A B C
Precursor Ornithine Citrulline Arginine
e
in
in
in
ith
ull
gin
rn
itr
Ar
O
C
+
+
-
Wild type
Class I mutants
Class II mutants
I 1 2
II 1 2 3 4 5
III 2
?
3
A B
2.0
C
L
H
Relative growth rate 1.5
1.0
C L H 0.5
0
18°C 21°C 27°C
A B C D
40 40 40
1.0
Relative surface elevation (cm)
0.5
* **
0 ** 0 0 0.0
-0.5
-20 -20 -20
A B
1 2 3
Seed production
80 60
60 40
4 5 6 1000
40
20
20
0 0
0
A current 2x B
700
C3
30 600
Photosynthetic rate
C4
Atmospheric CO2
C3 favored
500
20
400
10 300
200
0
C4 favored
0 200 400 600 800 1000
CO2 (ppm)
10 20 30 40
Growing-season temperature (°C)
A B
P T P Tongue T