Serv Lets

J2EE Servlets
Ch. 10 (Architecture)
Ch. 12 (21 Days)
History of Interactive Web
➢ Applets
 Long download times
 Code on client machines (maintenance)
➢ CGI
 Custom code to interact with web server
 Security hole
 Resource hog for large sites
➢ Java Servlets
 Standard, easy interface to web server
 Security/authentication
 Implements sessions
History (cont.)
➢ Early use of Servlets
 Simple, easy to use for web applications
 MVC all implemented in one big servlet
• Very complex
• Difficult to maintain
• Not scalable
➢ Current state of Servlet use

 Smaller is better.
 Used only for:
• Gathering and validating data input from the user
• Coordinating output
• Minimal business logic
• Web page forwarding
Servlet Features
➢ Tailored to interact with Web Server
➢ Server and platform independent
➢ Efficient and scalable
➢ Container provides additional functionality
(i.e., authentication, cookies, etc.)
Interacting with HTML Forms
➢ Get– Request information from web
server
 Simple
http://www.byui.edu/j2ee?Name=Fred+&tel=3565132
➢ Post – Send data to the server

 Submit button, etc.
 Data is sent in body of message
 Safer than Get
HTML Forms (Cont.)
➢ Put – Place a file on the server
➢ Delete – Remove a web page from server

Servlet Class Diagram
Class Diagram
Servlet Life Cycle
Class Diagram
START
init()
doGet(),
doPost, … Processing
State: Resident
Request
destroy()
END
Servlet Sequence Diagram
Fig. 12-15
Model 1 - Servlets only
Model/View/Control
submit
Servlet
doGet/doPost
Generate Data
webpage HTML Data
base
WebServer
Servlets in the Enterprise
submit
View/Control Model
doGet/doPost Servlet
Input EJB
Control Data Entity
WebServer webpage
Output Bean
Performance
and
Flexibility Issues
Example Servlet
publc class HtmlPage extends HttpServlet
{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException
{
String name = request.getParameter(“name”);
String telephone = request.getParameter(“tel”);
response.setContentType(“text/html”);
Get value of form parameters
…. Business logic ….
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter():
out.println(“<HTML>”);
out.println(“<HEAD><TITLE>First Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>”); Sent output to web
out.println(“<BODY>”); browser
out.println(“<H1>Hello “ + name + “, Telephone “ + telephone + “</H1>”);
out.println(“</BODY>”);
out.println(“</HTML>”);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException
{
doGet(request, response);
}
}
Model 2 Architecture
submit
View Control Model
doGet/doPost Servlet
input Business Data
Methods Data Access
<<forward>>
WebServer <<SessionEJB>> Objecs
<<EntityEJB>>
JSP
webpage
page
output
Web Development Life Cycle
Model 2 Architecture
Servlet JSP
Determine
Get request and call Determine
next view Build view
Parameters business
function
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = request.getParameter("username");

String password = request.getParameter("password");
1. Get request parameters
try {
InitialContext context = new InitialContext();
BusinessRulesRemote businessRules =
(BusinessRulesRemote) context.lookup(BusinessRules.REMOTE_JNDI_NAME);
Long personId = businessRules.login(username,password); 2.Call business
} catch (Exception e) { function
e.printStackTrace();
}
HttpSession session = request.getSession();

session.setAttribute("personid", personId);
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp"); 3. Determine next view

dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
JSP page
<div id="login">
<span class='highlight'>Welcome to Home Town Bank!</span>
<br> 4.Build next
<a id='logout' href="">Logout</a> view
</div>
How to use HTTPServlet
HttpServlet
doGet(request HttpServletRequest , response:HttpServletResponse)

doPost(request HttpServletRequest, response:HttpServletResponse)
doPut(request HttpServletRequest , response:HttpServletResponse)
doDelete(request HttpServletRequest , response:HttpServletResponse)
HttpServletRequest HttpServletResponse
Contains Request Info (Input) Handles Response (Output)

RequestResponse Interface
Forwarding a Response
RequestResponse Interface
Including other Web Components
Deployment of Servlets
➢ AllServlet files zipped together into a web
archive (“war”) file
➢ Requires specific directory structure
➢ Deployment Descriptor (WSDL)

Deployment Descriptor
<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8:?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC ‘-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN’
‘http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd’>
<web-app>
<display-name>A Simple Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Verify Data</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>VerifyData</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>maxValue</param-name>
<param-value>25</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/verifydata</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/error404.html</location>
</error-page>
</web-app>
Customizing Deployment
➢ Define initialization parameters
 Context parameters
• Apply to entire web application
 Servlet parameters
• Apply to a specific servlet
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC ‘-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN’
<web-app>
<context-param>
<param-name>location</param-name> Context
<param-value>BYU-Idaho</param-value> Intialization
<description>Site Location</description> Parameter
</context-param>
<servlet>
<init-param> Servlet
<param-name>maxValue</param-name> Intialization
<param-value>25</param-value> Parameter
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/verifydata</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
</session-config>
<error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
</error-page>
</web-app>
Retrieving Init. Parameters
public void init() throws ServletException

{
super.init();
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String location = context.getInitParameter(“location");
if (maxValue == null)
{
int maxValue = Integer.parseInt(this.getInitParameter(“maxValue");
}
…
…
}
Handling Errors
➢ HTTP Error Codes
 Http Status code – set error code
 Error page – set default error page
➢ Send Redirect – redirect to another page
➢ ServletExceptions – catch and handle all

servlet exceptions
Set HTTP Status Code
➢ Sets the error status code on default error page
HttpServletResponse
public void sendError(int statusCode)

public void sendError(int statusCode, String msg))
….
public void sendRedirect(String url);
Import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
{
throws IOException
{
if (name.length() < 1)
response.sendError(9001, “Invalid name”);
}
}
Default HTTP Error Page
<<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC ‘-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN’
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Verify data</servlet-name>
<init-param>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>verifyData</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/verifyData</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
</session-config>
<error-page> Define output error
<error-code>9001</error-code> page for error code
</error-page>
Send Redirect
➢ Redirect to another page to handle error
HttpServletResponse
public void sendError(int statusCode)

public void sendError(int statusCode, String msg))
….
public void sendRedirect(String url);
Import java.io.*;
{
throws IOException
{
if (name.length() < 1)
response.sendRedirect(“/Servlets/invalidNamePage”);
}
}
Servlet Session Management
➢ Hidden fields in form
 Visible to client in source (not secure)
 Limited amount of data
➢ URL rewritting
http://www.byui.edu/j2ee?sessionid=9982345
➢ Cookies
 Store on client browser
 May be disabled by some users
➢ Server side session object

 Session info stored on Server
• Unlimited amount of space
• More secure
 Automatic management
Creating Cookies
➢ Implement transactions with Cookies
 Store state data in Cookie
HttpServletResponse Cookie
… public void setValue(String value)

public void addCookie(Cookie c) public String getName()
public Cookie[ ] getCookies() public String getValue()
…. ….
Creating a Cookie
Import java.io.*;
{
throws IOException
{
try
{
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(“userAddress”, null);
String url = this.getRequextURI();
cookie.addValue(url);
response.addCookie(cookie);
double quantity = Double.parseDouble(request.getParameter(“quantity”));

double totalQuantity += (Double) session.getAttribute(“totalQuantity”);
}
catch (RemoteException remex)
{
response.sendError(response.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
}
}
Retrieving a Cookie
{
String userUrl = new UniqueID();
throws IOException
{
try
{
Cookie cookie = null;
Cookie[] cookies = response.getCookies();
if (cookies != null)
{
for (int i=0; i < cookies.length; i++)
{
cookie = cookies[i];
if (cookie.getName().equals(“userAddress”))
{
String urlAddress = cookie.getValue();
break;
}
}
}
}
{
}
}
Sessions
➢ Implement transactions with a HttpSession
 Retains state of data between page request
HttpSession
HttpServletRequest public long getId()

public long getLastAccessedTime()
… public long getCreationTime()
public HttpSession getSession() public long getMaxInactiveInterval()
…. public Object getAttribute()
public boolean isNew()
….
Getting a Session
Import java.io.*;
{
throws IOException
{
try
{
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
if (session.isNew())
{
Long personId = (Long) session.getAttribute(“personId”);
}
double quantity = Double.parseDouble(request.getParameter(“quantity”));
session.setAttribute(“quantity”);
}
{
}
}
}
Filter Servlets
➢ Acts as preprocessor to request/response
for target servlet
…HttpPage PageHits
HttpPage
Filter
Servlet
Authenticate Servlet
Filter
Servlet
…VerifyData
VerifyData
Servlet
Filter Servlet
Import java.io.*;
publc class PageHits extends HttpServlet implements Filter Must implement
{ Filter Interface
private FilterConfig filterConfig = null;
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException

{ Must override init.
this.filterConfig = filterConfig; method
}
public void destroy(

Must override destroy
{
method
this.filterConfig = null;
}
Filter Servlet (cont.)
public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Must override

FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException doFilter method
{
if (filterConfig == null)
return;
synchronized (this)
{
Integer counter =(Integer) filterConfig.getServletContext().getAttribute("Counter");
if (counter == null)
counter = new Integer(0);
counter = new Integer(counter.intValue()+1);
filterConfig.getServletContext().log("Number of hits is " + counter);
filterConfig.getServletContext().setAttribute("Counter", counter);
}
chain.doFilter(req, resp)
}
Modify Deployment Descriptor
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>VerifyData</servlet-name>
<init-param>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/verifyData/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>Page Hits</filter-name>
<display-name>Page Hits</display-name>
<description>Count page hits<description>
<filter-class>PageHits</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>PageHits</filter-name>
<servlet-name>VerifyData</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
Listener Servlet
➢ Servlet is automatically executed when
some external event occurs
HTTPSessionActivationListener Session is activated/passivated

HTTPSessionAttributeListener Session attribute is added/removed
HTTPSessionListener Session attribute is created/destroyed
HTTPSessionContextAttributeListener Servlet contextattribute is
added/removed
HTTPSessionContextListener Servlet context changes
Create Listener Servlet
Import java.io.*;
publc class Listener extends HttpServlet implements ServletContextListener Must implement
{ Listner Interface
private ServletContext context = null;
public void contextIntialized(ServletContextEvent event)

Must override
{ contextInitialized
context = event.getServerContext(); method
Integer counter = new Integer(0);
context.setAttribute(“Counter”, counter);
context.log(“Created Counter”);
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) Must override

{ contextInitialized
event.getServletContext().removeAttribute(“Counter”); method
}
}
Modify Deployment Descriptor
<web-app>
<servlet>
<init-param>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/verifyData/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>Page Hits</filter-name>
<display-name>Page Hits</display-name>
<description>Count page hitsdescription>
<filter-class>PageHits</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>PageHits</filter-name>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
< listener-class>Listener</ listener -class>
</listener>
</web-app>
Modify Filter Servlet
public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,

FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException
{
return;
synchronized (this)
{
Integer counter =( Integer) filterConfig.getServletContext().getAttribute(“Counter”);
if (counter = null)
counter = new Integer(1); No longer needed
filterConfig.getServletContext().log(“Number of hits is “ + counter);
filterConfig.getServletContext().setAttribute(“Counter”, counter); counter);
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
Modified Filter Servlet
public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,

FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException
{
return;
synchronized (this)
{
Integer counter =( Integer) filterConfig.getServletContext().getAttribute(“Counter”);
filterConfig.getServletContext().log(“Number of hits is “ + counter);
filterConfig.getServletContext().setAttribute(“Counter”, counter); counter);
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}

Serv Lets

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Serv Lets

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

J2EE Servlets

➢ Current state of Servlet use

➢ Post – Send data to the server

➢ Delete – Remove a web page from server

View Control Model

String username = request.getParameter("username");

HttpSession session = request.getSession();

RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp"); 3. Determine next view

doGet(request HttpServletRequest , response:HttpServletResponse)

Contains Request Info (Input) Handles Response (Output)

➢ Requires specific directory structure

➢ Deployment Descriptor (WSDL)

public void init() throws ServletException

➢ Send Redirect – redirect to another page

➢ ServletExceptions – catch and handle all

public void sendError(int statusCode)

public void sendError(int statusCode)

➢ Server side session object

… public void setValue(String value)

double quantity = Double.parseDouble(request.getParameter(“quantity”));

HttpServletRequest public long getId()

public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException

public void destroy(

public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Must override

HTTPSessionActivationListener Session is activated/passivated

public void contextIntialized(ServletContextEvent event)

public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) Must override

public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,

public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,

You might also like