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Quick Revision Unit B
Quick Revision Unit B
Important Bits!
Unit B
Tips
Who
What
Where
When
How
Why
Maintenance
Any mechanical based question
Unit B
Lead / Asbestos
Alkyls
0.10mg/m3
Unit B
CHIP / CLP
Unit B
Chemicals – R/A
1. ID the hazards
2. Decide who can be harmed and how
Suitable and Sufficient R/A
ID all groups
3. Evaluate risk and decide precautions
Likelihood and severity
4. Record findings and implement
ERIC P(d)
D = DISCIPLINE
Training, rules, instr.
5. Review as necessary
Unit B
LEV
COSHH
Requirement for testing
14 months min depends on contaminant
Jute cloth = monthly
Components
Hood
Ducting
Filter
Fan
outlet
Unit B
LEV
Design features
Hood
Captor / receptor
Mobility?
Ducting
No corners – straight / gentle curves
Junctions – curved or angled
Short as possible
Resistant to cont.
Filter
Capable of dealing with corrosive nature of cont.
Fan
Resistant / protected
High enough power
Unit B
LEV
Parameters to measure
Face velocity
Hood / inlet
Overcome momentum to draw in
Use vane anemometer
Transport velocity
Through ducting
Smoke tubes / hot wire anemometer
Ensure levels throughout – no settlement
Pressure differential
Between filter and fan
Should be zero – no blockages
Use of fitted display gauge
Fan speed
High enough
Outlet air quality
Clean
Leaks
Smoke tubes
Draeger tubes
Unit B
LEV
Reports - contents
Competence
Relate measurements to WEL’s
Condition of system
Contaminants present
Recommendations
Unit B
WEL’s
WATCH
Working Group on Action To Control Chemicals
Substances reviewed by WATCH first
Values recommended to ACTS
Decision based on scientific judgement of available
info on health effects
ACTS
Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances
Makes recommendation to HSE
Also influenced by EU IOELV
Element B4
WEL’s
WEL
Derived by using criteria:
Element B4
WEL’S
TWA -
8 Hours or 15 mins
Look out for 15 min / individual tasks – EH40
COSHH
Reduce exposure as far below as reasonably
practicable
If above – investigate and rectify – controls
Carcinogens – aim to be as far below as RP
WILL require technical controls
Unit B
WEL’S
EH40
Actions – ERIC(P)D
Personal monitoring
Shows peaks / time
8 hrs
Known volume of air
To pump / filter
Obtain results
Passive sampling
Absorb onto sampler / paper
No peaks – only total
Unit B
Noise
CNWR
> 80 dBA
Assessment / survey
Competent persons / equipment
Frequency / attenuation
Aim to reduce below 80 dBA
Reduce
Not over reduce
Unit B
Noise
LEPd
Personal noise dose meter
Leq
Intergrated Sound Level Meter
TWA
Use with octave band analyser
Human range
20Hz to 20kHz
Unit B
Noise
+ 3 dB = double
Two sources
90 + 90 = 93 dBA
Reduce to ½ = 90
Reduce to ¼ = 87
90 + 95
+ 1.5 to louder one = 96.5
10 dB rule
Two sources – ignore one 10 lower
Unit B
Noise
Technical controls
Isolation
Damping / silencers
Enclosures
Sound absorbent materials
Sound barriers
Unit B
Vibration
Questions will be
Effects
Data – recommendations
Unit B
Vibration Dose
Dose =
Magnitude of vibration and exposure time
Below action level – risk of harm unlikely
HSE
Ready reckoner to calculate exposures and relative dose
Element B6 / 5
Whole Body Vibration
WBV
Human response depends on resonance of body
Impinges on all organs
Vehicle seats, farm vehicles, heavy equip, ships,
planes
Most common complaint is back pain (lower)
May also be down to bad posture, bad diet, stress (traffic)
Rest periods play complex role in overall performance
Element B6 / 5
Whole Body Vibration
At Risk Groups
Drivers of mobile machines
Tractors, FLT, quarry, earth moving
Sit or stand on vibrating equipment
Fast boats, rough seas; compaction, hammering,
punching machines; railway vehicles; helicopters
Lack of maintenance
Increases likelihood
Element B6 / 5
Hand-Arm Vibration
HAV
Specific effects of intense vibration to hands and
arms are long term damage to soft tissues, bones,
joints
Raynauds Phenomenon (Vibration White Finger)
Form of HAVS – usually hand tools
Symptoms progressive
No cure or treatment
Fingers throb in cold
Intermittent tingling and numbing
Continued exposure – “dead finger”, “hot aches”
Element B6 / 5
Hand-Arm Vibration
Stockholm Scale
Classification of HAVS
Separate grading for each hand
HAVS
Most common with low freq vibrations
Element B6 / 5
Vibration
Measuring
Ok to use Manuf Data
Will always be best case
Or
Occ. Hygienist
Tri – Axyl Accelerometer
Data to HSE Ready reckoner
Unit B
Vibration
R/A
Frequency of use of tools
People – competence
Nature of tool
Environment conditions
Cold / damp – VWF
Pre existing controls
Unit B
Exposure Action Value
CVWR
HAVS
Daily EAV – 2.5 m/s2 (8hrs)
WBV
Daily EAV – 0.5 m/s2 (8hrs)
Element B6 / 6
Exposure Limit Value
CVWR
HAVS
Daily ELV – 5 m/s2 (8hrs)
WBV
Daily ELV – 1.15 m/s2 (8hrs)
Element B6 / 6
Radiation
Ionising
Removes an electron
Neutron
Creates Positive Ion N N
Proton
If exposed to body –
Alters cells / DNA
Birth defects
Cells multiply Electron
Cancers
Stable Atom
Equal Protons and Electrons
Unit B
Radiation
Ionising
4 types
Alpha / Beta
Particles
Alpha – slow, heavy; ingestion effects
Beta – high energy, long range; electrons; skin pervasion
Gamma / x-ray
Wavelength
Electromagnetic
Lead sheilding
Unit B
Sources
Man Made
Healthcare
Nuclear industry
Security equipment
Smoke detectors
Baggage inspection
Medical
Element B7 / 3