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Thesis Proper
Thesis Proper
Every single tangible and intangible thing created in this world can produce its
own inevitable sounds. These generated sounds can be heard anywhere and
everywhere. It exists in all the vibrations and rhythms of the universe, the lullaby
of the winter breeze, the splash of the calm sea, the whoosh of the tranquil
bushes, the symphony of the artistic birds, and the siren of the busy crowd, all
Music can be defined as humanly organized sound. All human beings are born
with an innate sensitivity to tone and rhythm. We all recognize the power of
music in our lives. Whether we are an avid listener, a singer, or play a musical
instrument, we are touched and moved by the power of music that moves us
deeply, but we still spend a great deal of time listening to and making music. The
enormity of the music entertainment business with its voluminous sales if audio
equipment, records, tapes and compact discs shows that people are involved
with music in large numbers. We no longer need to leave our home to hear
music, and yet large groups of people still attend live music concert of all kinds.
Music increases physical and mental energy – happy, up tempo music certainly
stirs up the adrenaline, giving you an energy lift and psychological boost. You
can be dragging your behind all day, but if you put on some peppy, uplifting
music, your minds becomes alert and your body perks up immediately with
increased heart rate and respiration and a feeling of anticipation and excitement.
Listening to, enjoying, and creating music is primarily a right brain function.
Learning is a process of the left brain. Music links the two together, and when
Music increase people’s receptivity to other stimuli and thus may indirectly
strengthen the effect of the message, whatever it may be. Great works of musical
and expression. They may lead the performers as well as the audiences through
perfect cycles of emotional and intellectual anticipation and realization. The more
fully their aesthetic and dynamic values are given expression in performance, the
more such works will grip us, carry us along, and yield refreshment and
inspiration.
Music is a world. Every one of us has his own experiences in that world. There
are endless depths, infinite varieties and facts of musical experience for the
listener, the student, the performer, the composer, and the therapist. Music
affects the minds and emotions of mankind. It affects them either consciously or
stimulate active movement, release tension, mask pain, and reduce the effect of
other loud, unpleasant sounds in the environment. It can also create tension,
dissonance, stress, and pain in the body when we are not in the mood to be
energetically entertained. Heavy metal, punk, and grunge can excite the nervous
system, leading to dynamic behaviour and self expression. It can also signal to
others the depth and intensity of the younger generations inner turmoil and need
for release.
One of the theories proposed to explain how music is able to reach the
“innermost mental life” of human beings is called the “Thalamus Theory” or the
“Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion”. This theory states that the incoming impulses
from the event that excites the emotion are filtered through the thalamus, where
the distinct quality of the emotional experience is added, the impulses then go
both the cortex where the intellectual aspects are integrated and to the viscera
From the point of view of music therapy the special interest of this theory is the
idea that the thalamus is capable of being reached by music before other centers
in the brain. Stimulating the thalamus automatically incites the cortex of the brain
the seat of higher elements which are involved in thinking and reasoning.
(Walters 1954)
Rhythm can be used as a tool to develop memory and intellect. Although short-
term memories can be stored as images, they are often stored as sounds,
especially when remembering words. Short-term memory has the capacity to
hold about seven bits of information. But related groups of information are
remembered as a single bit, and thus the volume of the material that can be
Lozanov et al., found that memory has its own circadian rhythm. Short-term
memory processes are at their peak in the morning, while long-term storage is
best attempted in the afternoon. They have also found out that:
verbal part of the SAT and 39 points higher on the math section than the
national average. “Study in music and the other arts generally seems to
between 1983 and 1988, music and music education majors had the
music could bring students into a state of alert relaxation and was more
effective than sleep induced learning for optimal results. Lozanov found
that the best music for learning was that of the violin and other string
instruments rich in harmonic overtones and pulsing at 64 beats per
minute.
concluded that when information is coded in both the conscious and unconscious
minds, access to memory is far greater, stating that “Human memory is virtually
Playing light, easily paced music in the background helps some people to
concentrate for longer periods; other it may distract. Listening to Baroque music
while studying can enhance one’s ability to memorize spellings, poetry, and
foreign words. Research into health and memory in work environments has
radically changed the way music is used in the workplace. The University of
accuracy in the group listening to light classical music for ninety minutes
editing in silence were 8.3% less accurate than those working alongside usual
office noise.
Music has been known to alleviate stress by increasing the body’s release of
endorphins – the feel good chemicals. New research reveals that music
Baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activate the left and
right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and
retention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain
while the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides
of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, causes
increased a minimum of 5 times by using this 60 beats per minute music. For
example, the ancient Greeks their dramas because they understood how music
could help them remember more easily. A renowned Bulgarian psychologist, Dr.
normal learning time. Using his system, students could learn up to one half of the
vocabulary and phrases for the whole school term (which amounts to almost one
thousand words or phrases) in one day. Along with this, the average retention
rate of his students was 92%. Dr. Lozanov’s system involved using certain
classical music pieces from the Baroque, which have around 60 beats per minute
pattern. He has proven that foreign languages can be learned with 85-100%
efficiency in only 30 days by using these Baroque pieces. His students had a
recall accuracy rate of almost 100% even after not reviewing the materials for 4
over the middle and high school years show “Significantly higher of mathematics
socioeconomic status, and difference in those who are involved with instrumental
music versus those who are not is more significant over time. [Catterall, James &
Richard Chapleau, and John Iwanaga. “Involvement in the Arts and Human
Theater Arts.” Los Angeles Ca: the Imagination Project at UCLA Graduate
children who were given music instruction scored 48% higher on spatial-temporal
skill tests than those who did not receive music training. 62 kindergartens were
pretested with two spatial temporal tasks and one pictorial memory task. The
keyboard group was provided with 20 minute lessons two times per week in
groups of approximately ten children period. Children were then pretested at two
four-month intervals. The keyboard group scored significantly higher than the no
was greater in magnitude after months of lessons. Pictorial memory did not differ
for the two groups after the lessons. These data support studies that found
setting in which the instruction occurred. The results have strong implications for
Research Quarterly.]
dramatics and art. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of
two conditions, keyboard or no music. All children were pretested with two
spatial-temporal tasks and one pictorial task. The keyboard group was provided
with 20-lessons to two times per week in groups of approximately ten children
period. Children were then pretested at two four-month intervals. The keyboard
group scored significantly higher than the no music group on both spatial-
after eight months of lessons. Pictorial memory did not differ for the two groups
after the lessons. These data support studies that found similar skills
which the instruction occurred. The results have strong implications for school
administrators and educators. [The Piers-Harris Children’s Self-concept Scale.
temporal region, which is the auditory center responsible for transferring sound
and music. [J.M. Flohr and D.C Miller’s (1999) research on children’s brain
waves based on EEG (Electroencephalogram)] The EEG shows that the left
temporal region of the brain responds to music. Flohr and Miller also found that
children’s EEG appeared differently with different types of music after the age of
5. Human brain wave activity also increases when listening to music of particular
functioning, increase the size of brain neurons and assist a person to achieve
In the 1960’s, Dr. George Lozanov and Evelyna Gateva researched ways to
increase memory ability including the use of music in the classroom. Their
from their creative experiments and today we have a solid format for effective
method to share successful ways of using music for learning, the use of
design to create very different but equally effective learning environments, were
developed to Lozanov’s methods. They are called concerts. The Active Concert
activates the learning process mentally, physically, and/or emotionally while the
Passive Concert is geared to place the student in a relaxed alpha brain wave
state ( Brain waves during periods of waking relaxation) and stabilize the
learning setting and student comfort level with learning is of great importance to
student success. Lozanov’s method included using music as students enter the
classroom, leave the classroom and during break times to help establish a
Conceptual Framework
The study aims to find out the effectiveness of selected music genre as a
students.
Specifically the study seeks to answer the following questions.
1. What is the significant difference between the post test scores of the two
4. Does the use of music approach increase the achievement of the 2 nd year
Hypotheses
process of students.
student.
This study aims to help students identify the proper environment for improving
proper study habits one should manifest for enhancing their academic standing.
Second year students: the result of this study will help the said group of students
to identify the proper environment for improving one’s intellectual process that
Clinical instructors and faculty: At the end of the study, it will give them an output
Definition of Terms
Music- is an art form whose medium is sound. Common elements of music are
pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts
tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and
texture.
Music Therapy- help clients improve their observable level of functioning and
skills, emotional and affective development, behaviour and social skills) by using
music experiences (e.g., singing, song writing, listening to and discussing music,
Cognitive- is the scientific term for "the process of thought." Usage of the term
functions.
Academic performance- refers to how students deal with their studies and how
they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers. It is
the ability to study and remember facts and being able to communicate your
CHAPTER II
Method
Participants
total population of 2ND year nursing students, who are officially enrolled at San
Setting
Measures
Procedure
Basically, the selected students will be divided into two groups. Each
listening. One classroom is for listening to rock music and the other one for soft
music. Each group is given 30 minutes for music listening. After this procedure,
conducted by _____. Every respondent has no idea what will be the topic of the
lecture. The lecture will run for about 1 to 1:30 hours. An evaluation exam will be
given to the respondents at the end of the lecture. They will be given 10 minutes
Actual Procedure
Data Analysis