. . .

and under alkaline conditions:

Note: These electron-half-equations are quite easy to work out

from scratch. There isn't any real need to remember them.
Follow this link if you aren't sure how to do it, or if you aren't
confident about using these equations. These particular
examples aren't covered, but the technique is exactly the same
whatever the equation.

Because I am going to be using electron-half-equations quite a

lot on the rest of this page, it would definitely be worth following
this link if you aren't happy about them.

Use the BACK button on your browser to return to this page.

These half-equations are then combined with the

half-equations from whatever oxidising agent you
are using. Examples are given in detail below.

Specific examples
In each of the following examples, we are
assuming that you know that you have either an
aldehyde or a ketone. There are lots of other
things which could also give positive results.