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MPLS Technology Facts PDF
MPLS Technology Facts PDF
MPLS Technology Facts PDF
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1325_06_2000_c1 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2
Topics
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Why MPLS?
RSVP
IP CoS
IP Multicast
MPLS: Routing
Scalability for IP over ATM
• Internal routing
scalability
Limited adjacencies
• External routing
scalability
Full BGP4 support,
with all the extras
• VC merge for very
large networks
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MPLS: End-to-End
IP Services over ATM
• IP services directly
on ATM switches RSVP
ATM switches
support IP
protocols directly
Avoids complex
translation
• Full support for IP IP CoS
IP Multicast
CoS, RSVP, IP
multicast, future
IP services
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Benefits of MPLS
Class of Service with ATM
• Characteristics
High performance
Low overhead
End-to-end connectivity
• Applications
Constraint-based routing
Fast reroute
Guaranteed bandwidth
Frame/ATM transport
Control plane for ATM
and OXCs
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Motivations for
Traffic Engineering
New Release of
Netscape Software
Link Failure
No Physical Link
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MPLS: Bringing
Layer 2 Benefits to Layer 3
Route Chosen By Route Specified By
• Traffic engineering IP Routing Protocol Traffic Engineering
• Fast re-route
Fast, local, link and
node protection
• Guaranteed bandwidth
Hard end-to-end
Legacy FR Edge Node
bandwidth and delay
guarantees
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IP VPN Taxonomy
IP VPNs
DIAL
DEDICATED
Client- NAS-
Initiated Initiated
IP Tunnel Virtual VPN Aware
Circuit Networks
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Cisco MPLS/BGP VPNs
Connectionless
Corp A IP VPNs Corp B
Site 3 Site 1
Corp A
Site 2 VPN Management
by Membership List
Intranet A Intranet B
VPNID 4 VPNID 12
Corp A
Site 1
Corp B
Service Provider Site 2
Privacy without
VPN Aware Network
Tunnels
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• Customer IP
VPN A
addressing freedom VPN A
Benefits of MPLS
Shared Backbone for Economies of Scale
IP/ATM Reduced Complexity for Lower Operational Cost
Integration Faster Time to Market for IP Services => More Revenue
Use Best Technology => Lower Costs
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Topics
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MPLS Concept
Router Example:
Distributing Routing Information
Address
I/F
Prefix
Address Address
I/F 128.89 0
Prefix I/F
Prefix
128.89 1 128.89 0
171.69 1 1 …
171.69
...
…
128.89
0
0
1 You Can Reach 128.89 thru Me
You Can Reach 128.89 1
and 171.69 thru Me
171.69
Routing Updates
(OSPF, EIGRP…) You Can Reach 171.69 thru Me
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Router Example:
Forwarding Packets
Address
I/F
Prefix
Address Address
I/F 128.89 0
Prefix I/F
Prefix
128.89 1 128.89 0
171.69 1 1 …
171.69
...
…
128.89
0
0 128.89.25.4 Data
1
128.89.25.4 Data
1
128.89.25.4 Data 128.89.25.4 Data
171.69
Packets Forwarded
Based on IP Address
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MPLS Example:
Routing Information
In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out
Label Prefix I'face Label Label Prefix I'face Label Label Prefix I'face Label
171.69 1 171.69 1
0 128.89
0
1
Routing Updates
You Can Reach 171.69 thru Me
(OSPF, EIGRP…) 171.69
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MPLS Example:
Assigning Labels
In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out
Label Prefix I'face Label Label Prefix I'face Label Label Prefix I'face Label
- 171.69 1 5 5 171.69 1 7
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
0 128.89
0
1
Routing Updates
Use Label 7 for 171.69
(OSPF, EIGRP…) 171.69
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MPLS Example:
Forwarding Packets
In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out
Label Prefix I'face Label Label Prefix I'face Label Label Prefix I'face Label
- 171.69 1 5 5 171.69 1 7
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
0 128.89
0
128.89.25.4 Data
1
9 128.89.25.4 Data
128.89.25.4 Data 4 128.89.25.4 Data 1
LSR Forwards
Based on Label
171.69
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MPLS Example:
More Details
In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out
Label Prefix I'face Label Label Prefix I'face Label Label Prefix I'face Label
0 128.89.25
0
1 128.89.25.4 Data
1
128.89.25.4 Data
Encapsulations
ATM Cell Header GFC VPI VCI PTI CLP HEC DATA
Label
LAN MAC Label Header MAC Header Label Header Layer 3 Header
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Label Header for Packet Media
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
Label = 20 bits
COS = Class of Service, 3 Bits
S = Bottom of Stack, 1 Bit
TTL = Time to Live, 8 Bits
171.69 1 171.69 1
1 0 128.89
0
1 2
Routing Updates
You Can Reach 171.69 thru Me
(OSPF, EIGRP…) 171.69
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ATM MPLS Example:
Requesting Labels
In Address Out Out In In Address Out Out In In Address Out Out
Label Prefix I'face Label Label I/F Prefix I'face Label Label I/F Prefix I'face Label
171.69 1 171.69 1
1 0 128.89
0
1 2
Need a Label for 128.89
- 171.69 1 5 8 3 128.89 0 10 10 1 0 -
1 0 128.89
0
1 2
Use Label 9 for 128.89
- 171.69 1 5 8 3 128.89 0 10 10 1 0 -
1 0 128.89
0
1 2
128.89.25.4 Data
9 128.89.25.4 Data
LSR Forwards
Based on Label 171.69
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1 5 128.89 0 3
2 8 128.89 0 3
Cells … … … … …
5
Packet 5 Help!
5
5 1
0
128.89
Packet 8 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
8
8 8
1 5 128.89 0 3
2 8 128.89 0 7
Cells … … … … …
5
Packet 5 Help!
5
5 1
0
128.89
Packet 8 2 7 3 7 3 7 3
8
8 8
VC Merge
In In Address Out Out
I/F Label Prefix I/F Label
1 5 128.89 0 3
2 8 128.89 0 3
Cells … … … … …
5
Packet 5
5
5 1
0
128.89
Packet 8 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
8
8 8
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12.1/16
VPN B/Site 1 VPN C/Site 2
11.2/16
CE1B1 CEA2 Static
RIP
11.1/16
RIP CEB2 VPN B/Site 2
RIP P1 PE2
CE2B1 BGP
PE1
P2
Step 3
Step 1 Step 4
Step 2
Step 5
CEA1 Static P3
PE3 RIP
16.2/16
CEB3 CEA3
BGP
16.1/16 VPN A/Site 2
VPN A/Site 1 12.2/16 VPN C/Site 1
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Packet Forwarding
IP PKT
• IP packet received Provider Edge LSR
on sub-interface
Label IP PKT
• Sub-interfaced
1. Identify VPN
configured with
VPN ID FIB Table
3. Apply
• BGP binds labels to Labels
VPN-IP routes and Select
Egress Port
• LDP binds labels to
IGP routes and
defines CoS VPN LDP/CoS
• Logically separate 2. Select FIB
forwarding information for this VPN
base (FIB) for each VPN
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12.1/16
VPN B/Site 1 VPN C/Site 2
11.2/16
CE1B1 CEA2 Static
RIP
11.1/16
RIP CEB2 VPN B/Site 2
RIP P1 PE2
CE2B1 BGP
PE1
P2
Step 3
Step 1 Step 4
Step 2
Step 5
CEA1 Static P3
PE3 RIP
16.2/16
CEB3 CEA3
BGP
16.1/16 VPN A/Site 2
VPN A/Site 1 12.2/16 VPN C/Site 1
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Explicit Routing
R3
R4
R8 R5
R2
R1
R6
R7
R3
R4
R8 R5
R2
R1
R6
R7
Traffic Engineering
• Provides
Constraint-based routing
Similar to PNNI routing
Control of traffic engineering
Path selection
Tunnel setup
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Basic Traffic Engineering
TE Components
Traffic
Engineering
Control
Path RSVP
Selection
TE Topology
TE Link
Database
Adm Ctl
IS-IS/OSPF
Routing Flooding
Forwarding Engine
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LSP Tunnel Setup
R8 R9
R3
R4
R2 Pop
R5
R1
32
49
R6 R7
17
22
R8 R9
R3
R4
X
R2 Pop
R5
R1
32
49
R6 R7
17
22
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Bridge and Roll
R8 R9
R3
R4
R2 Pop
26 Pop
89
R5
R1
32
38 R6 R7
49 17
22
R6 R7
Forwarding Tree
R8
R3
R4
R2
R1 R5
R6 R7
Tunnel1 Tunnel2
R4 and R8 Have Tunnel1 Interface as Next Hop; R5 Has
Tunnel2
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Fast Reroute
Fast Reroute
R3
R2
R5
R1 Pop
R6 R7
17
22
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Nested Tunnels—Inner
R8 R9
R3
14
R2
POP
R1 R5
37
R7
R6
R8 R9
Swap 37->14 Pop 14
Push 17 R3
R2
Push 37
R1 R5
R7
R6
Swap 17->22 Pop 22
IP 17 22
37
14 17
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R8 R9
Swap 37->14 Pop 14
Push 17 R3
R2
Push 37 X
R1 R5
R7
R6
Swap 17->22 Pop 22
Conclusions:
MPLS Main Ideas
• Separate forwarding information (label)
from the content of IP header
• Single forwarding paradigm (label
swapping)—multiple routing paradigms
• Multiple link-specific realizations of the
label swapping forwarding paradigm
• Flexibility of forming Forwarding
Equivalence Classes (FECs)
• Forwarding hierarchy via label stacking
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Topics
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Application: Multiservice
ATM Backbone with IP
• MPLS provides
Scalable IP routing
Advanced IP services
ATM
Internet scale VPNs
• Benefits
Lower operations costs
Keep up with Internet growth FR IP
Application:
Mixed POS/ATM Backbone
• MPLS provides
Tight integration of routers
and ATM switches
End-to-end IP services
Internet scale VPNs
• Benefits
Network design flexibility
Transition to IP router
backbone
Faster time to market
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Applications:
Enterprise Backbone
FR, Other
• MPLS provides Voice Campuses
Scalability MPLS
Enterprise LAN
• Benefits
Flexibility
Reduced complexity
for lower cost
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Topics
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Leadership MPLS Solutions
Available
• IP and ATM Today!
integration
• MPLS traffic Available
engineering Today!
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MPLS Platform Support
All
Available
BPX Catalyst Today!
8650 8540 Cisco
3600, 2600
Cisco
MGX 4500, 4700
8850
BPX Cisco
8680 7200
GSR
LS1010 12000 Cisco
7500
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• Industry IP leadership
• Most advanced MPLS
solutions
• Broadest range of
platforms supported in
the industry today
• MPLS solutions deployed
in real world production
networks
• Standards-based
solutions
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Please Complete Your
Evaluation Form
Session 2201
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