UNIVERSIDAD ABIERTA PARA ADULTOS

CARACTERIZACIÓN
UAPA Y FUENTES

SUBJECT:
DIdactic of english
Theme:
Task 4
FULL Name:
Oscar Trinidad Deogracia
Tuition:
03-1489
Teacher´s Name:
Leonardo Gil Sánchez
Date:
13-6-2016

Topic
2- Topic

- Difference between style and strategy

- Styles and stratgies of language learning

- The most used strategies in EFL english foreign language learning

- Teaching and learning performance

- Some recommendations to learn english easily

3- Keywords

 Style and Strategy

 Foreign Language
 Teaching and Learning
 Performance and Recommendations
4- Introduction

The next job has as purpose to present the Difference between style and strategy,
Styles and stratgies of language learning

The most used strategies in EFL english foreign language learning

Teaching and learning performance, Some recommendations to learn english

easily
5 - Development

- Difference between style and strategy

Over time, students will develop their own learning strategies - which includes the
ways in which they learn and remember information, how they study for tests and
how they make the best use of their learning strengths. Many students may not
even be aware that they are using these strategies as it may have become a
natural and automatic process for them. There are some strategies, on the other
hand, that students may need to be taught, or at least brought to their attention.
In this section we will discuss learning styles and strategies and how they they
apply to the language classroom

The strategies a student uses to learn a second language depend greatly on their
individual learning style. Some students are outgoing and will experiment freely
and frequently while learning a new language. Other students are more
introverted, preferring a more individual, private approach to the way they learn
and practice the language. The strategies used by an outgoing student may vary
significantly when compared with the strategies of a more reserved student.

- Styles and stratgies of language learning

Strategy #1: Take an Academic Style Language Class

Classrooms are not the best place to learn languages. Spending most of the time
listening passively to someone talk at you about the language (often in your native
tongue!) with very little speaking on your part is a poor use of your time.

The number of students graduating with 5+ years of classroom instruction in a

language who still can’t hold a conversation shows that classroom learning is not
the best way to spend your time or money.

The Language Hacker’s Fix: Accountability

If you still have to take a class (such as for your college course), here are some
ways to take the slow process of classroom learning and speed things up for rapid
language acquisition.
Get accountability outside the classroom. The most common argument in
favour of language classes is that it is too difficult to study effectively on your own.
And while classes can be great for forcing you into a programme of study and
accountability, I would argue that you can get the same thing from your network
of friends, or a programme like the Add1Challenge.

Supplement your classroom time with an equal amount of time actually

speaking the language. You can find tons of native speakers in dozens of
languages over at italki, a marketplace for online language tutors and teachers.
One hour of time spent with a native speaker talking in the language and
reviewing what you learn in the classroom is always more effective than several
hours of self-study at the school library.

Use SRS (Spaced Repetition Systems) and mnemonic memory aids to

quickly memorize new vocabulary. SRS (Spaced Repetition Systems) and
mnemonics can help you learn new words much faster than most of your
classmates. With all the extra time you gain by not using rote memorisation you
can focus on the most important part of language learning: speaking!

Strategy 2: Consider studying Linguistics in School

Linguistics is all about picking apart languages and discovering how they work. If
a language is a car, then linguistics is looking inside the engine.

Many language learners believe that knowing a language’s rules means you will
be able to use them. It’s a strange belief since it often doesn’t apply in other areas.
If you knew all the rules of kickboxing would you feel confident getting in the ring?
I hope not!

I’ve written before about the difference between linguists and polyglots but it
basically boils down to knowledge vs. skill. Many linguists don’t actually speak
more than one language so aren’t in a position to help you develop language
acquisition skills. While linguistics is fascinating, it is not actually related to helping
you directly use a language.
The Language Hacker’s Fix: Get Real World Practice
If you have dedicated yourself to the study of the structure of languages I tip my
hat to you. But it isn’t the same as being able to communicate in the language.

Understand that studying and speaking are different. The best way transition
from a “language student” to a “language speaker” is to change your focus from
book learning to “mouth using”.

To avoid mixing the two together, divide your focus and think of each one as a
completely separate subject. Imagine working during the day as a radio DJ, and
also being passionate about playing the guitar. They are both related to music,
but from very different perspectives. Studying linguistics should never be a
substitute for practising your target language.

Strategy 3: Watch Movies and TV Shows

Watching movies or television shows as a way to “passively” learn a language
sounds like a language learner’s dream. That is, until you actually try it.

Passive language acquisition is one of those myths that preys on the lazy “couch
beast” inside each of us that tries to get something without putting forth any effort.
Learning a language takes work. As I’ve said before, you just can’t become fluent
by passively listening to a language.

Movies and TV shows can help, but not if you plant yourself in front of a screen
for eight hours a day. You’re no more likely to learn a language doing this than
you are to become a pilot by watching airplanes. You just need the right approach
and mindset.

The Language Hacker’s Fix: Act out Your Favorite Movies

I’ve previously written about how to effectively use movies to study a language.
In it, I share techniques on how to effectively use movies to provide a boost to
your language learning projects.
Here are some of the key ideas:

Don’t just watch the movie. Study it. Viewing a movie for entertainment means
you aren’t focused on learning the language. Treat the movie like you would a
textbook, and study the material.

Break things up into consumable, repeatable segments. A two hour movie is

too much language to absorb at once. Break it up into segments of 10 minutes or
less, and review them multiple times until you have really learned something of
substance.

Engage with the material. A movie is an open book on body language, accents,
inflection, pronunciation and many other areas of language learning. Don’t just sit
on your hands! Get involved in the story, act out parts, repeat lines and body
movements and make the language come alive!

Strategy 4: Listen to Songs in the Language

As with movies and television shows, listening to music is often seen as a magic
path to learning a language. The problem is that songs are written poetically so
they aren’t usually a good source for everyday grammar and vocabulary.

Listening to songs does have it’s place in a language learning mission — as long
as you have the right approach.

The Language Hacker’s Fix: Sing Along

Instead of repeating myself, I’ll just recommend that you do the same as you
would for movies or television shows: study the music (don’t listen passively),
repeat segments (to really understand the material) and engage with the song
(don’t just listen — sing!).

One additional fix is to recognise that song lyrics often take creative license with
a language, so while they are helpful to your studies, keep in mind that it is the
equivalent to studying poetry.
Strategy 5: Use the Rosetta Stone/Pimsleur/DuoLingo System
Popular language learning systems like DuoLingo and Pimsleur do have some
positive benefits. DuoLingo gamifies language learning, which is good in
principle. Pimsleur’s system helps with getting certain phrases down through
audio training. Rosetta Stone is… sorry, I can’t think of any redeeming features…
Yellow. Yes, it does yellow incredibly well!

But any system you buy is going to have one major disadvantage that you can’t
escape: they aren’t tailored to you and your life. Most of the words and
expressions you’ll use won’t be useful in your own life, and this lowers the
effectiveness of these programmes.

The Language Hacker’s Fix: Choose What Works For You

If you are going to use these systems (perhaps they were given to you as a
birthday gift), there are three recommendations to help you make the most of
each.

Read my reviews of each system. Be sure to check out reviews of the Rosetta
Stone system the Pimsleur approach to language learning, and the Duolingo
language learning app to provide you with a big picture pro’s and con’s view of
each.

Supplement with personalised materials. As you go through each system,

develop your own list of personalised vocabulary and phrases. If the topic of the
lesson is “shopping”, then write out a list of 20 items that you shop for on a regular
basis yourself and add those to your flashcard deck. This allows you to use the
sentence structures and grammar you’re learning with relevant vocabulary.

Plug up the holes in their materials. Each system has deficiencies, so fill in the
blank spaces with your own efforts. For example, If the system doesn’t include a
lot of speaking, then be sure to converse with native speakers. Or if the system
doesn’t provide much listening practice, find listening materials online.
Strategy 6: Translate a Book Until You Learn the Language
Back when I started my first new language – Spanish – I sat down with a copy of
El señor de los anillos (The Lord of the Rings) figuring that if I forced myself to
read it with my dictionary in hand then for sure I would be fluent by the time I was
done.This method might seem logical, but it’s completely impractical. It takes a
huge amount of time. You’ll also be limited to the specific language style of the
author which may make you sound strange to native speakers.

Can you learn a language from a book? Absolutely! But only with the right
approach.

The Language Hacker’s Fix: Young Adult Fiction

Books should be a supplement to a language study program, not the core of it.
And, just like movies, television and music, you have to change your mentality
from entertainment to education.

I recommend selecting a book that you have access to in your native language
so you can compare them side by side. Young adult novels (think: Harry Potter)
work really well for this because the language used isn’t too stylised and the
vocabulary won’t be too advanced.

Ways to use a book in your language study program

Here are my suggestions on using a book to learn a language:

 Tackle the book in segments, such as paragraph by paragraph.

 Get the book in your native language so you can get the gist of each segment
before reading on.
 Preview the foreign language version to see how much you can understand
without studying the text.
 Select any words you don’t know which appear multiple times and add them
to your SRS flashcard deck.
 Read the passage to your tutor to work on your pronunciation and accent
 Record a native speaker saying the passage in both regular speed and
slowly. Alternatively, pick up the audiobook.
 Review the passage multiple times. First, make sure you understand what’s
being said. Then practice pronouncing it.
If you spend several hours on each segment of the book you will find your
comprehension and use of the language improve quickly.

Strategy 7: Only Interact with Other Language Learners

If you’re in a class, or have friends who are also learning a language, you might
think getting together to practice the language will build your skills. After all, isn’t
it important to speak as much as possible?

Meeting up with other learners to practice your speaking can be really helpful.
The problem is, they’re unlikely to stretch you beyond your current level of
speaking. To really accelerate your learning, you must interact with native
speakers.

The Language Hacker’s Fix: Practise With Native Speakers

The best person to speak to when learning a new language is a native speaker
of that language. You are exposed to subtle nuances in how the language is used
that you may not otherwise realise. It is truly invaluable.

If you don’t know any native speakers in your area, then use the power of the
internet to find a tutor on italki, through local meetups, couchsurfing, or the
HelloTalk app. There are so many great ways to find native speakers online that
you really have no excuse.

The Only Approach That Doesn’t Work is the One You Give Up On
As you can see, any approach can work, if given the right “language hacker’s”
nudge. The biggest mistake I see language learners make isn’t a specific
approach, but in not being flexible in their approach.

Constantly evaluate your language learning strategy and think outside the box to
adapt them to your best advantage.
Don’t like your language class? What can you do outside of that room to improve
your chances?

Studying linguistics isn’t helping you communicate? Supplement with time

speaking the language.

Finding movies, music or books ineffective? Break them down and narrow the
focus of your study.

Talking to the wrong people? Look for ways to find them on the internet.

You have the power to turn your approach around and gain fluency. So hack that
language learning approach and level up your language!

-Teaching and learning performance

Evaluating student achievement through performance assessments is not a new

strategy. Good teachers have always judged and monitored their students'
progress through observations, experiments, written assignments, and research
projects. What is new in the current reform effort is the systematic shift toward
schoolwide performance assessments and away from multiple-choice tests for
measuring instruction and accountability.

Proponents of performance assessments argue that assessment and instruction

must form a seamless web that promotes teacher/student collaboration, active
learning, critical thinking skills, and multidisciplinary understanding. Performance
assessments, they reason, have a positive influence in the classroom.
Performance assessments:

 provide pedagogical templates that help teachers to develop effective

instructional techniques; and
 provide comprehensive information about student progress, including
students' strengths and weaknesses.
Evidence is beginning to accrue that performance assessments indeed provide
the means for improving teaching and learning. (see, for example, Borko et al.
1993, Falk and Darling-Hammond 1993, Gearhart et al. 1993, Kentucky Institute
for Education Research 1995, Koretz et al. 1993, and Smith et al. 1994). For
example, research indicates that teachers in Vermont and Kentucky are asking
their students to write more and to do more work together in groups. Such
research is providing the empirical information needed to examine the tenets
underlying assessment reform efforts.

Following is a summary of what we learned from Studies of Education Reform:

Assessment of Student Performance, a three-year national study about the
impact of performance assessments on teaching and learning (Khattri et al., In
press).

For this study, we visited 16 schools across the United States. These schools
were developing and implementing performance assessments as a result of
national-, state-, district-, or school-level assessment initiatives. At each school,
we interviewed school personnel, students, parents, and school board members.
We also collected and reviewed student work and conducted observations of
classrooms and professional development sessions. In general, our findings
show that the effect of assessments on the curriculum teachers use in their
classrooms has been marginal, although the impact on instruction and on teacher
roles in some cases has been substantial

-Some recommendations to learn english easily

Learning English doesn’t always have to mean sitting in the classroom and
studying tricky grammar In fact, English language teachers encourage you to do
plenty of extra learning outside of school. There are a number of ways to improve
your understanding of the language, many of which can actually be a lot of fun.

It’s also a well-known fact that different people respond to different learning
methods. Sometimes simply sitting in the classroom or reading a course book is
not right for you. It can be beneficial to do some additional work.

So if you’re keen to improve your English (or any other second language for that
matter) then consider some of these handy tips to get you on your way. Not
everything will work for you but, if you add a few of these ideas to your day-to-
day language learning, you’ll certainly see some improvement.

1. Watch television and films in English

Not only do Britain and the USA produce some of the best TV shows and films
in the world, but you can learn English whilst watching them. If you’re still getting
to grips with the language at any level (from beginner to upper intermediate) then
it’s worth putting the English subtitles on so that you can read along and listen at
the same time.

You can also listen to English radio stations and find plenty of listening sources
on the internet. Another idea would be to put English subtitles on films or
television programmes from your own country so that you can read along with
them in English and make the translations as you go.

2 . Read English books/newspapers

Reading is a great way of practising your English in your own time. You can take
one word at a time at your own pace, without your teacher peering over your
shoulder. If you’re studying at a beginner to intermediate level, pick up a
children’s book where the language will be easier than an adult book.

Newspapers are also worth reading. Not only can you improve your English but
you’ll learn about local and national goings on, which can be handy when
communicating with native speakers. Free newspapers and magazines, as well
as tabloid-style newspapers which use more basic language, are perhaps better
for low level speakers.

3 . Label things in your house

This is a quick and cheap way of improving your knowledge of the vocabulary of
everyday items in your home. All you need to do is buy a pack of labels and then
write the name of items in your home on them, such as phone, window, mirror
etc. Every time you use these objects you’ll read the word and embed it into your
memory. This is great for low level learners.

4. Make notes of new vocabulary

Whenever you learn a new word, whether in the classroom or when you’re out
and about, make sure you make a note of it. Whenever you have some free time,
you can practise what you’ve learned. You could even do this on your phone so
you needn’t carry around a notebook with you.

It’s also worth making a note of the translation into your own language and any
unusual phonological aspects of the word.

5. Surround yourself with English speakers

If you just spend your time outside of the classroom with people from your own
country, you’ll miss out on a big chance to practise English. If you try to befriend
other English speakers, you’ll be forced into speaking the English language.
You’ll also pick up things like slang and conversational English that you’re unlikely
to learn in the classroom.

If you struggle to find English speakers, at least try and spend time with people
off your course that are from countries other than your own. This way, you will
still have to speak English.

6. Figure out your best time to learn

Are you a morning or afternoon person? If you can work out when your brain is
at its sharpest then you should cram in your language learning at this time. Some
people work best first thing in the morning and switch off after lunchtime, while
for others it takes a while to get going every day.

Think about when you function best and plan your learning to suit this. For
example, there’s no point taking lessons that run late into the night when you’re
likely to easily lose concentration.

7. Listen to British and American music

In addition to watching films and TV, listening to music is another great and fun
way of improving your grasp of a language. There’s an almost endless amount of
music out there to choose from, with most tracks having lyrics easily available
online.

You could listen to a song a day and read the lyrics along to it. If you come across
any language that you don’t understand then research it. If you’re at a low level
then perhaps go for some slower folk, country or acoustic music, which often has
lyrics that are slower and easier to understand.
Once you’re feeling more confident you could go for some rap music, which is
generally a lot quicker and harder to understand.

8. Language swap

In addition to learning English in class, you could find somebody who is keen to
learn your own language and exchange information with them. Being able to
speak a language is a gift and, whatever your mother tongue, there will be
somebody out there that wants to learn it.

You can meet up and give each other work, swap knowledge and help each other
progress. This is a great way of continuing your learning outside of the classroom
while also saving money.

9. Practice English whenever you can

It’s incredibly important that you don’t leave your English learning inside the
classroom. Make an effort to go to the library and study your notes, read and write
in English, and speak to English nationals and other English speakers.

When you’re in bed at night, look over your English notes from the day and try to
memorize some vocabulary as you’re falling asleep. The first thing you do in the
morning while you’re eating your cereal could be to learn a couple of new words.
Make sure you never escape learning.

10. Record yourself and your lesson

Make the most of the recorder on your smartphone and practice pronunciation.
This is a good way of learning pronunciation because you might know it when
you first hear it then forget it later.

Although your teacher might not like you to do this, and you should always get
their permission, it can be useful to record lessons. As you travel home or fall
asleep you can listen to it. It’s a great way to revise the information and practice
listening, as well as nail down some pronunciation.

11. Get a good bilingual dictionary

A bilingual dictionary is your best friend while you’re learning English. However,
beware that a lot of dictionaries out there have numerous mistakes and
mistranslations. Do some research and spend a bit of extra money on the best
dictionary you can find.
It’s also worth bearing in mind that a number of online translators and electronic
dictionaries on smartphones can be quite poor. Teachers will find it very obvious
if you simply put something through a translator – it’s normally literally translated
which doesn’t always work.

12. Learn English idioms and phrasal verbs

There are a number of aspects of the English language that you’re not always
going to find in an academic course book. Things like idioms and phrasal verbs
are extremely common in everyday English conversations.

If you manage to learn these then you’ll find it much easier to talk and understand
conversations with native speakers. Although this is not the kind of language
you’re likely to use in an academic essay, it’s arguably just as important to you.

13. Write every day

Writing is a great way of using new vocabulary and getting your head around
grammar .Try and write something every day using new words and grammar that
you’ve learned. Even if it’s only a few sentences, it’s very important to get into the
habit of doing this.

It’s also a good way of comparing your progress as you improve your knowledge
of the English language. If you have access to English speaking friends or a
teacher, you could ask them to look over your writing and give you some pointers.

14. Tell you teacher what you want to learn

If you’re learning English in a language school or getting private lessons, you

might not always be learning what you want. However, it can be difficult for your
teacher to know exactly what you want to learn unless you tell them. So if you
think that they’re giving you too much writing and not enough pronunciation, for
example, then you should tell them. They’ll be pleased with the feedback.

15. Remember your mistakes

You will make mistakes, there’s no denying it. Chances are that you’ll make the
same mistakes over and over again. Next time that you’re corrected by a teacher,
whether this is written or orally, you should make a note of your mistakes.

Perhaps you forget when to use the correct article or you get the past simple and
present perfect tenses mixed up? Make a note of this and work on your mistakes.
16. Put yourself into difficult situations

If you search out situations where you must speak, read and listen that are
outside of your comfort zone, you’ll be forced into using the English language.
This can be one of the best ways to learn English because you really focus on
what you’re saying and it gets you used to uncomfortable situations.

Try and order some food at a restaurant, speak to someone at a tourist

information centre or just start chatting to a native speaker in a bar. Don’t be
afraid to make mistakes. Getting something wrong is actually a great way of
understanding why it works a certain way.

17. Charge the language on your social media or smartphone

Have you ever accidentally changed the language on a device or on a website

and then struggled to get it back again? We’ve all been there before. However,
this can actually be a good way of learning an additional language. If you turn
your Facebook, Twitter and smartphone settings to ‘English’ then you can
continue to learn the language while you’re communicating with friends.

18. Be realistic

It’s extremely common for language learners to want to better their English at an
unrealistic pace. Set yourself objectives but be genuine in what you can achieve.
Your teacher is just there to tell you things and practice with you for a few hours
a day. It’s your job to remember and correctly use what you are taught.

You cannot expect to just turn up to class for a few weeks and be able to speak
the language. You must engage in lots of work outside of class and use your brain
as much as possible
6- Conclusion

After I was studying the present job I can say that the best person to speak to
when learning a new language is a native speaker of that language. You are
exposed to subtle nuances in how the language is used that you may not
otherwise realise. It is truly invaluable.

If you don’t know any native speakers in your area, then use the power of the
internet to find a tutor on italki, through local meetups, couchsurfing, or the
HelloTalk app. There are so many great ways to find native speakers online that
you really have no excuse.

If you’re in a class, or have friends who are also learning a language, you might
think getting together to practice the language will build your skills. After all, isn’t
it important to speak as much as possible?

Meeting up with other learners to practice your speaking can be really helpful.
The problem is, they’re unlikely to stretch you beyond your current level of
speaking. To really accelerate your learning, you must interact with native
speakers.

7- Bibliografía

Internet

Recurso UAPA