Mahkuzine: Design Solutions

3
Editorial
design solutions
Strategies Of Suggestion
GABRIEL LESTER
The Unexpected
JOOST GROOTENS
The Ambiguity Of The Golden Section
ALBERT VAN DER SCHOOT
research essays
It Happens In Between
ANNE ANDRIESEN
Airportal Importance
ELLEN RUBEL
Hand Vs. Mouse
CORINN WEILER
research reports
Fashion Design Field Meeting
Spatial Design Field Meeting
Shelter 07: The Freedom Of Public Art In The Cover Of Urban Space
M
mahkuzine
journal of artistic research
SUMMER 20 07
bV]`jo^cZ(!summer 2007
–1–
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GABRIEL LESTER
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JOOST GROOTENS
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gZhZVgX]ZhhVnh
>i=VeeZch>c7ZilZZc – 12 –
ANNE ANDRIESEN

6^gedgiVa>bedgiVcXZ – 22 –
ELLEN RUBEL
=VcYKh#BdjhZ – 31 –
CORINN WEILER
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• Presentation Gabriël Lester

•• Gabriel lester
–6–
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hXVaZXî^Zh[gdbVaadkZgi]ZldgaY!h]dlhYViV^ci]ZhVbZhXVaZ!hd
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REFERENCES
7dd`9Zh^\c
BZiVheVXZh!GVdja7jchX]diZc$8]dgV!7aVX`9d\EjWa^h]Zgh!&..-
I]Z7^\@6C6iaVh!Ajj`7dZaZch!L^ZhHVcYZgh!%&%EjWa^h]Zgh!'%%(
6iLdg`!CZjiZa^c\hG^ZY^_`6gX]îZXih!%&%EjWa^h]Zgh!'%%(
BZigdedaîVcLdgaY6iaVh!6g_ZckVcHjhiZgZc!%&%EjWa^h]Zgh!'%%*
HdjgXZ$7gdc!:g^`DY^_`!%&%EjWa^h]Zgh!'%%*
6iZa^Zg>?bZZg'%(% !IZjc@dda]VVh!:aaZcBVgXjhhZ!<ZgiHiVVa!'%%+
6gX]îZXijgVa9Zh^\c
Eg^hdcNVgYldbZcÉheg^hdcE>K6bZghl^Za!=ZZg]j\dlVVgY!'%%%
LZWhîZ
lll#\gddiZch#ca
• ‘Geuzentuinen’, Amsterdam
•• Limes Atlas
••• Metropolitan World Atlas
–8–
I]Z6bW^\jînd[i]Z<daYZcHZXi^dc
9jg^c\i]Zldg`h]dedci]ZÆ\daYZchZXi^dcÇ>^ckîZYi]ZhijYZcihidXgZ"
ViZhdbZi]^c\^cl]^X]i]Zegdedgi^dcd[i]Z\daYZchZXi^dcldjaYWZ
gZXd\côZY!WjiVahdX]VaaZc\ZY#I]^hXdjaYdXXjgWn]Vk^c\îXdbeZiZ
V\V^chidi]Zgegdedgi^dch!dgWnZmV\\ZgVi^c\îhjhZ!dgWnh]dl^c\
îidWZegZiZci^djh!dg^cVcndi]ZglVni]ZnXdch^YZgZYbZVc^c\[ja#
>lVhhjgeg^hZYWni]ZgZhjaih0cdidcanY^YZkZgn\gdjehjXXZZY^c\^k"
^c\îhdlcil^hiidi]ZVhh^\cbZci!WjiZVX]hdaji^dch]dlZYhdbZ
gZaVi^dch]êidi]ZVXijVak^X^hhîjYZhd[i]Z\daYZchZXi^dc^cZVga^Zg
]^hidg^XVaeZg^dYh#:VX]\gdjegZaViZYi]Z\daYZchZXi^dcdg^\^cVaan
cdi]^c\bdgZi]Vci]ZY^k^h^dcd[Va^cZ^chjX]VlVni]Vii]ZaVg\Zg
hZ\bZci^hidi]ZhbVaaZghZ\bZciegdedgi^dcVaanVhi]Zl]daZa^cZ
idi]ZaVg\ZghZ\bZciidVY^[[ZgZciÒZaYd[h^\c^ÒXVcXZ#DcZ\gdje
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\g^Y^cY^XViZhh^\c^ÒXVcicdYZh^ci]ZWjâY"jed[i]ZXîndcXZi]ZXîn
^hk^ZlZYi]gdj\]i]ZhXdeZd[i]Z\g^Y#6cdi]Zg\gdjeig^ZYidgZaViZ
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bZciYddbZYid[VâjgZ^[dcZlVcihidYd_jhi^XZiddcZd[i]Zbdhi
hig^`^c\VheZXihd[i]Viegdedgi^dc/îhZcYaZhhXdci^cjîn#NZiVcdi]Zg
\gdje^ckZhi^\ViZYi]ZVZgdYncVb^XXdchZfjZcXZhd[i]ZVeea^XVi^dcd[
i]Z\daYZchZXi^dcideVeZgV^geaVcZh!hdbZi]^c\<ng\n9dXo^Y^Y^c
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W^\jdjha^\]iXdggZhedcYhidVcVbW^\jîn^ci]ZVXijVa]^hidgnd[i]Z
^YZVaôZYegdedgi^dc#I]Z[VXid[i]ZbViiZg^hi]Vii]^h]^hidgnh]dlh
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?d]VccZh@ZeaZg!^c]^hBnhiZg^jb8dhbd\gVe]^Xjb&*.+!hVnh!ÆI]ZgZVgZ
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gZVcegdedhî^dc^c:jXa^YÉh:aZbZcih!i]ZgZVhdcl]ni]^hgVi^dVahd
VXfj^gZYVEni]V\dgZVcXdccdiVi^dc]VhaîiaZidYdlî]bVi]ZbVi^Xh#
BVcnVji]dgh!BViâV<]n`V[dgdcZ!hj\\Zhii]Vii]Z\daYZchZXi^dc
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V^hhVcXZVgX]îZXijgZ^ceVgi^XjaVg^hhjeedhZYidWZcdi]^c\h]dgid[
VXjai^kVi^dcd[i]ZY^k^cZegdedgi^dc#
7ji]dllZaaYdZhi]ZkZcZgViZYgVi^dÒi^clî]Eni]V\dgZVci]^c`^c\
Vhi]^h]VhXdbZYdlcidjhÄbV^cani]gdj\]igZVi^hZhVcYXîVi^dch
–9–
d[CZd"Eni]V\dgZVcd[[heg^c\4Eni]V\dgZVccjbWZgi]Zdgn^hd[iZc
YZe^XiZYVhgZbVg`VWaZegd\gZhh^cbVi]ZbVi^XVaY^hXdkZgn!jc[dgij"
cViZanaVXZYlî]VYVh]d[bnhi^X^hb#>cgZVY^c\i]Z[ZlgZbV^c^c\
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^hi]gdj\]i]Z^gad\dh!cdii]gdj\]bViiZg!i]Vii]ZXdhbdh^hVcdgYZg#
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aVi^c\Wdi]cVijgZVcYVgi^h6Yda[OZ^h^c\!V<ZgbVce]âdhde]Zg
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>cVgi!i]ZbZgîhd[i]ZY^k^cZegdedgi^dc\ZcZgVaanYZeZcYdci]Z^ciZc"
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VWaZegdeZgi^Zhd[i]ZdW_ZXi#BdgZdkZg!i]ZnijgcdjiidWZhjWdgY^cViZ
idi]Zh]^[i^c\d[XdcXZeijVaeVgVY^\bh#8dcigVgnidXdbbdcde^c^dc!
îlVhcdijciâi]Zc^cZiZZci]XZcijgni]Vii]Z\daYZchZXi^dclVh
]VâZYVhVcVZhi]Zi^X^YZVa!VcYdcan^ci]ZilZci^Zi]XZcijgnYdlZ
ÒcYVaVg\ZcjbWZgd[Vgi^hih[daadl^c\i]^hegZ[ZgZcXZ#7jiZkZc^[
îYdZhcdibZZii]ZEni]V\dgZVcYZbVcY[dgejgZangVi^dcVaegdedg"
i^dch!î^hcZkZgi]ZaZhh^ca^cZlî]i]ZCZd"Eni]V\dgZVcadc\^c\[dg
]VgbdcnWnbZVchd[^ciZ\gVi^c\deedhîZedaZh#
• Euclid’s division in extreme and mean ratio.

•• Cusanus’ aurea propositio.
– 10 –
I]ZVZhi]Zi^X^YZVad[i]Z\daYZchZXi^dc!i]Zc!^hVGdbVci^Xegd_ZX"
i^dc!WZadc\^c\Zci^gZanidi]Zc^cZiZZci]XZcijgnVcYîhV[iZgbVi]#
9ZVa^c\lî]i]Z\daYZchZXi^dc^hcdiYZVa^c\lî]i]ZbdhiWZVji^"
[jaegdedgi^dc!Wjilî]i]ZbdhiWZVji^[ja^YZV0i]Z^YZVi]VihjX]V
egdedgi^dch]djaYZm^hi!VcYbV`Zdjg^YZVa^bV\ZVXXZhh^WaZidi]Z
hZchZh#I]ZY^k^cZegdedgi^dc^hcdi]^c\bdgZi]Vci]ViÄWjiXZgiV^can
cdi]^c\aZhh#
6cZmiZch^kZVXXdjcid[i]Z]^hidgnd[i]Z\daYZchZXi^dcXVcWZ[djcY^c
6aWZgikVcYZgHX]ddi!9^Z<ZhX]^X]iZYZh\daYZcZcHX]cîih!;gdbbVcc"
=daoWdd\!Hijii\Vgi'%%*#

– 11 –

• Leonardo da Vinci’s illustration of the open

dodecahedron
•• Zeising’s golden dissection
••• Workshop Albert van der Schoot
•••• Workshop Albert van der Schoot
A N N E A NDRI ES EN ELLEN RUB EL CORI N N W EILER
– 12 –
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>i=VeeZch>c7ZilZZc#
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^ci]Z^ciZg^dg
ANNE ANDRIESEN
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Zg4>hi]ZgZVcVgZVi]Vi^h]nWg^Y!ZbeinWji[jaad[ediZci^Va!Vc
VgZVl]ZgZcdi]^c\VcYZkZgni]^c\XVc]VeeZc4
LE FR ES N OY, TOU RCO I N G , FR A N CE
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d[gZh^YjVaheVXZ#ÇIhX]jb^&..)/(..
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bdYZgVidg!i]ZXdciZmihZZbhidaZVYi]ZY^hXjhh^dcWnXgZVi^c\XZgiV^c
X^gXjbhiVcXZhidl]^X]i]Zdi]ZgeVgicZgh^ci]ZXdckZghVi^dcXdjaY
heZX^ÒXVaangZVXi#I]Z_jmiVedhî^dchVahdhZZbid^cÓjZcXZZVX]di]Zg!
^#Z#VXdckZghVi^dcWZilZZcZkZcihVg^hZh#LZhZZi]Vi]VeeZcZkZgn"
l]ZgZ0WjiZheZX^Vaan^cjgWVceaVcc^c\!i]ZgZ]VhWZZcVcZbZg\^c\
XgdhhdkZgigZcY#I]ZgZ^hVhZVgX][dgXgdhhdkZghlî]^ci]ZXjggZci
higjXijgZhd[i]ZXînKgda^_`=Zb`Zg'%%*#
I]^hbjai^Y^hXêa^cVgînhdd[iZcVeea^ZY^cjgWVc^hbVahddXXjgh^cWjâY"
^c\h!Wjilî]dcZY^[[ZgZcXZ#I]ZY^[[ZgZciZkZcih]VkZaîiaZheVXZid
^ciZgVXi^cVcVijgVa!^#Z#^cVcjc[dgXZY!Xd^cX^YZciValVn#L]nVgZ!
[dgZmVbeaZ!ZkZc^cXgZVi^kZÆWgZZY^c\eaVXZhÇhjX]Vhi]ZIE<WjâY"
^c\VcYAddYh+^c6bhiZgYVb!i]ZYddghd[i]ZhijY^dhValVnhXadhZY4
LVa`^c\i]gdj\]i]dhZ]VaalVnhYjg^c\Vc^ciZgch]êViVcVgX]îZX"
ijgVad[ÒXZhîjViZY^cAddYh+!bnXjg^dhînaZkZa^cXgZVhZY#L]Vi
b^\]iWZWZ]^cYi]dhZXadhZYYddgh46adid[^che^g^c\eZdeaZbjhi
– 13 –
]VkZWZZcldg`^c\^ci]ZhijY^dhWjicddcZZkZgVeeZVgZY^ci]Z]Vaa"
lVnh#L]n^hi]Z]VaalVn!i]VicZildg`d[cZjigVaîngjcc^c\i]gdj\]
hdbVcnWjâY^c\h!hiâahdVcdcnbdjh46gZcÉi]VaalVnhegZ"Zb^cZcian
YZh^\cZY[dg^ciZgVXi^dc4
>cbnk^Zl!Xd^cX^YZciVa^ciZgVXi^dcWZilZZcY^[[ZgZciZkZcihYdZhcdiiV`Z
eaVXZ^cZkZgnhfjVgZ^cX]d[VWjâY^c\#I]ZgZ^h^ciZgVXi^dcl]ZgZY^["
[ZgZcieZdeaZ!XgZVidghd[Y^[[ZgZciZkZcih!^ciZgb^c\aZ#>id[iZc]VeeZch
^ccZjigVaodcZhVcYl]VilZldjaYXVaai]ZÆcdc"eaVXZhÇd[i]Z^ciZ"
g^dg#6j\&..*/&%&I]ZhZcdc"eaVXZhVheVgihd[i]ZcZildg`d[cZj"
igVaînXdjaYXdch^hid[]VaalVnhVcYhiV^gXVhZh!a^`Zi]ZaîiaZkZhi^WjaZ
l]ZgZeZdeaZhiVgiZYidhbd`Zid\Zi]Zg#DcZXVc\di]ZgZZVhânWji
dcZYdZhcdi[ZZai]Zjg\ZidhiVn#Cdc"eaVXZhVgZjhZY^cVhjW_ZXi^kZ
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VgX]îZXiVcY[dgbZgh`ViZWdVgYZg!âajhigViZhi]ZhjW_ZXi^kZk^Zld[
heVXZWnh`ZiX]^c\Vh`ViZWdVgYZg\a^Y^c\i]gdj\]VcjgWVchZii^c\#
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dcZaZkZa!l]âZh`ViZWdVgYZghZc\V\ZdcbjaiêaZ[jcXi^dcVaaZkZah#6c
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XdciZbeaViZh#=dlbVcnY^[[ZgZcilVnhXVc>Zc\V\Zi]Z[dgbd[i]^h
WZcX]lî]bnlddYZcWdVgY!bZiVaigjX`hVcY[djggjWWZgl]ZZah4
;^ghi!>ÉaaYdVgVâha^YZ#I]ZcV\g^cY!gZ\jaVgi]Zc\dd[n"[ddiZY!bVnWZ
^cidVgVâha^YZ#AVhibVnWZViVâh`^YdgV[ddieaVciVcYi]ZcXdci^cjZ
Ydlci]ZhigZZijciâi]ZcZmidWhiVXaZ#I]ZndeZgViZiVXi^XVaan!VY_jhi"
^c\idi]ZZck^gdcbZcia^`ZVhdaY^Zg^ci]Z_jc\aZ#I]^hbdYjhdeZgVc"
Y^^hi]ZZhhZci^VaY^[[ZgZcXZWZilZZci]ZeZYZhig^VcVcYh`ViZWdVgYZg#Ç
Ndjc\'%%)
>ihZZbhidbZi]VieZdeaZadd`Vii]ZcZjigVaheVXZhd[VWjâY^c\!a^`Zi]Z
]VaalVn!h^bâVgidi]Zh`ViZWdVgYZg^cNdjc\Éhhidgn#I]ZneZgXZ^kZi]Z
\^kZcXdciZmiVcYi]^c`!Æ=dlXVc>jhZi]^hheVXZ[dgl]Vi>VbYd^c\
cdl4ÇI]ZYddg_VbW^hjhZYidaZVcdcVcYi]ZhiZehd[i]ZkZhi^WjaZ
WZXdbZX]V^gh#ÆL]ViYdZhVgX]îZXijgZWZXdbZl]Zcîcdadc\ZgeZg"
[dgbhîh^ciZcYZY[jcXi^dc4Dgl]ZcîeZg[dgbhhZkZgVa[jcXi^dch!cdi
Wjâi^cidi]ZYZh^\c!VcY]dlYdlZbVei]ZhZgZaVi^dch]êhl]^X]VgZ
cdihiVi^XWjiYncVb^XZmX]Vc\ZhWZilZZci]ZVgX]îZXijgZVcYjhZg4Ç
Ndjc\'%%)
T H E H A LLWAY. T H E CO R R I DO R CO N N ECTS !
6il]Vi\^kZcbdbZciXVcVheVXZWZYZÒcZYVhXdgg^Ydg4L]ZcYdZh
VXdgg^YdgbZiVbdge]dhZ^cidgZh^YZci^VaheVXZ4>hVXdgg^Ydgi]Vi[jcX"
i^dchVhgZh^YZci^VaheVXZcdadc\ZgVXdgg^YdgWnYZÒcî^dc4
>cbnk^Zl!i]Z]VaalVn^hVXgjX^VaZaZbZcid[i]VicZildg`d[cZjigVaîn
^cVWjâY^c\#I]ZaVhihnaaVWaZd[i]ZldgY]VaalVnZbe]VhôZhi]Viî^h
VeaVXZd[bdkZbZci!d[cdi"hiVn^c\#I]Z9jiX]ldgY[dg]VaalVn!\Vc\!
hj\\Zhihi]VihVbZbdkZbZci0lî]\Vc\!i]Z9jiX]ldgYVahd^cY^XViZh
ÓdldgeVXZYbdkZbZci#6cYi]Z;gZcX]Xdjad^gh]dlhVgZhZbWaVcXZ
lî]i]ZkZgWXdjaZg!l]^X]bZVchÆidÓdlÇ#I]jh!i]ZbdkZbZci
hZZbhidWZZkZgnl]ZgZ#CZkZgi]ZaZhh!>YdWZa^ZkZi]Vii]Z]VaalVn
bjhiVahdWZjhZYidVaiZgdcZÉhheZZY[dgVbdbZci!idlVcYZgVgdjcY!
idXdciZbeaViZdghiVgiVX]Vi#NZi]dlXdjaYi]ZhZbdkZbZcih!XdckZg"
hVi^dchVcY^ciZgVXi^dchWZXdbW^cZYVcY[VXâîViZY4
– 14 –
B OUN DA R I ES , B O R D ER ZO N ES , DOO RS A N D T R ES H O LDS
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îhZa[^h^ck^h^WaZ!Vaai]Zdgn[dgi]ZegdYjXi^dcd[heVXZ^hWVhZYdcVcdWhZhh^kZ
egZdXXjeVi^dclî]îhdeedhîZ/hjWhiVcXZVcYdW_ZXih!^#Z#!VgX]îZXijgZ#Ç
@dda]VVh'%%&
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hV^Yi]Vii]ZnVgZVXijVaanYZÒcZYWni]Z^gWdgYZgodcZh46h@dda]VVh
hiViZh^ci]ZfjdiZVWdkZ!^hîVWdjii]ZXdciV^cZghdgVWdjil]Vi^h
XdciV^cZYlî]^c4>hVc^c"WZilZZcodcZ!V]VaalVn!^cîhZa[VagZVYn
VWdgYZgodcZ!dgYdZhi]Z^bedgiVcXZa^Zlî]i]ZeaVXZhl]ZgZdcZ
\dZhWVX`VcY[dgi]^cidVcYdjid[i]ZldgaYd[XdcXgZiZcZhh!i]Z
ldgaYl]ZgZVXi^dchVgZYZÒcZYVcYVabdhiegZhXg^WZY4DeedhZYid
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VWhigVXi^dc!l]ZgZVXi^dchVgZjcYZÒcZYVcYcdiegdhXg^WZY#8djaYi]Z
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higVXiidXdcXgZiZ!WZY^k^YZY^cidY^[[ZgZciaZkZahd[Æi]gZh]daY"cZhhÇ!
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[dgbVi^dcid^XZWZXdb^c\lViZgWZXdb^c\hiZVb#Ildi]gZh]daYhVgZ
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d[WdgYZga^cZhÒWZg[daadl^c\l]^X]i]Zbjaiêa^XînX]Vc\Zh#6cYVi
ZVX]i]gZh]daYdgYddg!VcZleVXi4Ç9ZaZjoZ<jViiVg^&..+/').
>cbnk^Zl!dcZd[i]ZfjVaî^Zhd[Yddgha^Zh^ci]Z[VXii]Vii]ZnXVcWZ
deZcZYVcYXadhZY#>iVeeZVahiddcZÉhXjg^dhîn#=dliZbei^c\^hîid
eVhhWnV]Va["deZcYddgVcYeZV`^c[dgVhZXdcY46cYZkZc^[Yddgh
VgZXadhZYVcYî^hcdiedhh^WaZidadd`^ch^YZ^cVcndi]ZglVn!dcZ
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YddgVhVhZeVgVi^dcdW_ZXiVcY]dliddkZgXdbZi]^h#=dliddeZcî!
l]Vi^hWZ]^cYî!l]Vi^hi]ZaZkZad[igVcheVgZcXn4>cVaaZcig^Zh!i]Z
YddgcZZYZYVY_jhibZcihidWZVWaZidXdccZXii]ZVgZVhîhZeVgViZY#
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dW_ZXi!VbZgZYddg!XVc\^kZ^bV\Zhd[]ZhîVi^dc!iZbeiVi^dc!YZh^gZ!
hZXjgîn!lZaXdbZVcYgZheZXi#Ç7VX]ZaVgY&..)/'')#7jihZZc[gdb
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YdYddghdeZc49di]ZndeZc[dgi]ZldgaYd[bZcdg[dgi]ZldgaYd[
hdaîjYZ4Ç7VX]ZaVgY&..)/'')
– 15 –
6\V^c!î^hcdidcanVWdjii]Z]VaalVnodcZWjiZkZcbdgZVWdjiîhgZaV"
i^dch]êlî]i]ZheVXZhî^hXdccZXi^c\#Hd![dgi]ZWZcZÒid[WZ^c\
^cXdciVXilî]i]ZVY_VXZciheVXZh!bVnWZi]ZfjVaînd[WZ^c\XadhZY!
WZ^c\deZcZYWjiVahdWZ^c\]Va["deZc!^hZkZcbdgZ^bedgiVcii]Vc
i]ZVgX]Zine^XVa[dgbd[i]ZYddgîhZa[#ÆI]Zc!dci]Zhjg[VXZd[WZ^c\!
^ci]VigZ\^dc!l]ZgZWZ^c\lVcihidWZWdi]k^h^WaZVcY]^YYZc!i]Z
bdkZbZcihd[deZc^c\VcYXadh^c\VgZhdcjbZgdjh!hd[gZfjZcian^c"
kZgiZY!VcYhdX]Vg\ZYlî]]ZhîVi^dc!i]VilZXdjaYXdcXajYZdci]Z
[daadl^c\[dgbjaV/bVc^h]Va["deZcWZ^c\#Ç7VX]ZaVgY&..)/'''
7dgYZgodcZhVgZYZÒc^c\i]Z^c"WZilZZcodcZ!^ci]^hXVhZi]Z]VaalVn#
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N EU T R A L VS . N O N - N EU T R A L O R N O N - P L ACE VS . P L ACE?
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i]^hY^hXjhh^dchZkZgVaY^[[ZgZci^YZVhbVnWZY^hiâaZY#KVg^djhlgî"
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hjXXZhh^kZk^X^cî^Zh#Ç9Z8ZgiZVj&..%/&,(HiZkZ=Vgg^hdcVcYEVja
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djid[îhcZjigVaînl]ZchdbZi]^c\]VeeZch^cî!l]ZchdbZi]^c\
ÆiV`ZheaVXZÇ#BVnWZVXdbeVg^hdcXVcWZbVYZlî]i]Zcdi^dchd[
eaVXZVcYcdc"eaVXZVXXdgY^c\idBVgX6j\!^cl]^X]XdciZmii]Z
]VaalVnldjaYWZVhdgid[hbVaa"hXVaZcdc"eaVXZ#>[i]ZhZcdi^dchVgZ
XdccZXiZYidi]Z]VaalVn!i]^c\hWZ\^cidbV`ZhZchZ#Cdc"eaVXZhVgZ
l]Vi]VaalVnodcZh^ci]Z^ciZg^dgVXijVaanVgZ#I]ZnVgZcdiXdchiVci • Contact with adjacent spaces: interior of Centraal
eaVXZhWZXVjhZd[Xdci^cjdjhX]Vc\ZVcYWZ^c\VeVhh"i]gdj\]#>[eZd" Beheer office, Apeldoorn. By Herman Hertzberger.
eaZiZbedgVgângZaViZi]ZbhZakZhidVcdc"eaVXZ!i]^hcdc"eaVXZhiVgih •• Dutch Embassy by Rem Koolhaas
– 16 –
idWZXdbZVeaVXZ#DcZXdjaYVg\jZi]ViV]VaalVni]Vi^hWZ^c\jhZY^h
hlîX]ZYdc!VcYdcZi]Vi^hjcjhZY!^hhlîX]ZYd[[#
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WZhZZcVhi]Z^c"WZilZZcodcZdgi]Zi]gZh]daYodcZ#I]ZYddg!cdiîh
XdcXgZiZ[dgbWjiîh[ZVijgZh!VgZVeVgid[i]Vi^c"WZilZZchnhiZb#6c
^bedgiVcieVgi!i]dj\]!WZXVjhZîXVcdgXVccdibV`ZVXdccZXi^dc
lî]VcVY_VXZciheVXZ#6c^c"WZilZZcodcZXVcWZildhZXdcYhdgild
]djgh!ildbZiZghdgildbâZh0î^hi]Vihig^c\d[bdbZcihl]ZgZndj
hiVgiidaZVkZWZ]^cYl]ZgZndjXVbZ[gdbVcYbdkZidlVgYndjgYZh"
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VegdbZcVYZVgX]îZXijgVaZ!ÆVgdjiZi]gdj\]i]Z]djhZlî]XdchiVci
X]Vc\Z^cheVXZVcYa^\]iÇKVc<VbZgZc&...#
>iXVcWZhZZc^cAZ8dgWjh^ZgÉhdlc8VhV8jgjiX]Zi6 g\Zci^cVl]ZgZV
adc\gVbeaZVYhi]Z^c]VWîVcihd[i]Z]djhZVcYk^hîdghd[i]ZVY_V"
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GZb@dda]VVhjhZYi]VihVbZXdcXZeid[i]ZÆegdbZcVYZVgX]îZXij"
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d[ÒXZh!aZ^hjgZheVXZhVcYdi]ZgVgZVh^ci]ZWjâY^c\#6ai]dj\]!_jhi
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bZVhjgZh#A^`Z^c=ZgioWZg\ZgÉh8ZcigVVa7Z]ZZg!WZ^c\VWaZidhZZVcY
^ciZgVXilî]i]ZVY_VXZciheVXZh^hkZgn^bedgiVci#>ibV`Zhi]Zegdb"
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Y^[[ZgZciZkZcihVcYeVgihd[VWjâY^c\!>hZZVgZhZbWaVcXZlî]V9Z"
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YaZÇ9ZaZjoZ<jViiVg^&..+/'.(!aZiÉhkVajZi]Vib^YYaZ\gdjcY#
I T ’ S A LL A B OU T M OV I N G T H ROUGH
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YÉVgiZjgWVcV!GdbZ
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lVni]^h^hYdcZVcYZmeZg^ZcXZY#CdiVcZlXdcXZei!WjidcZi]VigZ"
bV^ch[VhX^cVi^c\#LdjaYlZhiâaZmeZg^ZcXZi]ZWjâY^c\^[lZY^YcÉi
bdkZi]gdj\]î4L]Vih]djaYWZVYYZY!>i]^c`!^hi]ZZmigVkVajZ
\^kZcWnVc^cYZeZcYZci[VXidgegdk^Y^c\bdkZbZci#I]^h^cYZeZcYZci
[VXidg]VhcdiValVnhWZZci]ZgZVcYîhZZbhidbZi]Vii]ZlVni]Z
bdkZbZcigjchi]gdj\]i]Z]djhZ^hVÆ[dgbVi[dgVY^hi^cXi^kZlVnd[
a^[ZÇ#:kVch&.,-!',*Bdk^c\i]gdj\]i]Z^ciZg^dg]VhidYdlî]i]Z
lVneZdeaZ^ciZgVXi!^ci]Za^k^c\heVXZWjiVahd^chdX^Zin#
7Z^c\Xdck^cXZYi]Vii]Z]VaalVn^hVeaVXZidbZZi!î^hhig^`^c\id
gZVYi]Vii]Z^cigdYjXi^dcd[i]Z]VaalVnlZciid\Zi]Zglî]VXZgiV^c
h]^[i^c^ciZgVXi^dcWZilZZceZdeaZ#>[EVaaVY^dÉhh^miZZci]"XZcijgn
]djhZhVcYi]Z^ghZfjZcXZd[a^k^c\heVXZhVgZXdbeVgZYlî]hZkZc"
iZZci]"XZcijgn:c\a^h]Xdjcign]djhZh!lZhZZi]Vii]dhZa^k^c\heVXZh
VgZXdccZXiZYlî]ZVX]di]ZgWnVcdi]Zg!Y^hi^cXiheVXZ/i]Z]Vaa"
lVn#I]^hh]^[i[gdbVÆlVni]gdj\]]VaahÇidlVgYVÆ]VaalVnÇ^ci]Z
hZkZciZZci]"XZcijgnXdjcign]djhZhVahd]VYVadiidYdlî]VcZZY
[dgeg^kVXn#I]ZaVYnVcYadgYd[i]Z]djhZY^YcdilVcii]Z^ghZgkVcih
bdk^c\i]gdj\]i]ZgddbhVaai]Zi^bZ#I]ZgZ[dgZ!VhZeVgViZheVXZ
lVh^ckZciZY/i]Z]VaalVn#
EjWa^XVcYeg^kViZVgZfjîZVbW^kVaZcicdi^dch#>cdjgi]gZZ"Y^bZch^dcVa
ldgaY!i]ZgZVgZY^[[ZgZciaZkZahd[ejWa^XVcYeg^kViZ#I]ZhfjVgZ[dg
ZmVbeaZ^hfjîZVejWa^XodcZ0Xdb^c\[gdbi]ViXgdlYZYhfjVgZ^cid
VcVggdlhigZZiVagZVYn\^kZhV[ZZa^c\d[aZVk^c\hdbZd[i]ZejWa^X
WZ]^cY#:ciZg^c\i]Zeg^kVXnd[dcZÉhdlc]djhZ^cigdYjXZhi]ZcZmi
aZkZad[eg^kVXn#Lî]^ci]ZegdiZXi^c\lVaahd[i]Vi]djhZbdgZd[
– 17 –
i]dhZaZkZahXVcWZhZZc#LdjaYlZZkZg]VkZXd[[ZZlî]i]ZcZ^\]Wdg
^ci]ZWVi]gddb4Dg^ci]ZWZYgddb4EgdWVWancdi!WZXVjhZi]ZhZVgZ
eg^kViZVgZVh#EZdeaZlZYdcdiZkZclVciid]VkZXd[[ZZlî]VgZWZ^c\
hed`Zcid^ci]Z]VaalVn#=ZgZ!Vcdi]Zg^YZciîn^hWZ^c\VYYZYidi]Z
]VaalVnÉhl^YZgVc\^c\[jcXi^dch0i]Vid[VXViVanhiWZilZZcejWa^XVcY
eg^kViZWjiVii]ZhVbZi^bZi]Vid[ejWa^XodcZ^ci]Z^ciZg^dg#I]Z
]VaalVnXVcWZVigVchî^dcodcZWZilZZci]VibVYldgaYdjih^YZVcY
i]Zeg^kViZldgaYd[i]Z^ch^YZWjiVahdi]ZXdccZXi^dcWZilZZci]ZY^["
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L]Vi>!VhVc^ciZg^dgYZh^\cZg!ldjaYa^`ZidVX]^ZkZ^hVXZgiV^cÓZm^Wâîn
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V]VaalVnVhVXViVanhi!dgWj[[ZgodcZ!i]^hbjhiWZedhh^WaZ#I]ViodcZ
XdccZXihWjiVahdhZeVgViZh!hiVcYhhiâaWji^hVahd^cbdi^dc#L]Vi
dcXZVgdhZ^ci]ZhZkZciZZci]XZcijgn^hadc\\dcZ0i]Z]VaalVnVh
hZeVgVidgcdadc\ZgZm^hih#H^cXZîhW^gi]hdbZ)%%nZVghV\d!i]Z]Vaa"
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hZkZci^ZhidlVgYhbdgZXadhjgZVhlZhZZîidYVn#L]VilZcZZYcdl!
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bdkZbZcihd[deZc^c\VcYXadh^c\VgZhdcjbZgdjh!hd[gZfjZcian^c"
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i]gdj\]îhZZbidWZdc\d^c\#
I]ZÓdld[i]Zh`ViZWdVgYZgbZci^dcZYZVga^Zg^ci]^hZhhVnXVcWZXdb"
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^cbnk^Zl#ÆL]ZgZVh^ci]ZeVhi!a^b^cVaheVXZlVhbdgZd[Va^c"
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cZildg`d[a^b^cVaîn#A^`Z^cIhX]jb^ÉhAZ;gZhcdn!i]Za^b^cVaodcZ
WZXdbZhVXdcYZchZg!VodcZl]ZgZi]^c\hXdbZid\Zi]Zg#>hiâa[ZZa!
i]dj\]!i]Vii]^hodcZbjhigZiV^chdbZd[îhVjidcdbn!hdbZd[îh
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lî]i]ZVWâînidWZXdbZVeaVXZWnbZVchd[^ciZgVXi^dc!Xjg^dhîn!
i]gZh]daYhVcYYddgh#I]ZWZVjin^hi]Vii]^heaVXZ"cZhh^hiZbedgVgn!
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i]Z]VaalVnXVcWZhZZcVhVXViVanhi[dgi]Vi#6hV[VXâîVidgd[i]ZXdc"
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Zm]Va^c\!a^`ZVa^k^c\XgZVijgZ#
L]ZceVgVbZiZghVcYX]VgVXiZg^hi^XhVgZhZi!î^hjhZ[jaidXdbeVgZi]Zb • From a way through halls towards a hallway: Barlborough
lî]i]ZgZValdgaY#;djgWjâY^c\hVgZejiidi]ZiZhi# Hall, England
& AddYh+!6bhiZgYVb/]^kZd[XgZVi^kînlî]VcZildg`d[cZjigVaîngjc" •• Warkworth Castle, England
c^c\i]gdj\]#AddYh+ÆlVhWjâi^ci]ZZVgan&.%%hWni]ZGdnVa9jiX] ••• In-between-space
– 18 –

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+h^cXZi]ZaViZ&.+%h!^hcdikZgnedhî^kZVWdjii]ZAddYh#ÆI]ZLVgZ"
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i]ZbWZXVjhZd[i]ZÒgZgZ\jaVi^dch!XadhZYYddghVcYYZVYanhâZcXZ#
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WZ]^cYl]îZlVaah#>ci]ZXZciZgd[I]Z=V\jZa^ZhG^X]VgYBZ^ZgÉh
^bedh^c\l]îZeVaVXZ]djh^c\I]Z=V\jZÉhXîn]VaaVcYcjbZgdjh
d[ÒXZh[dgi]ZbVcnX^kâhZgkVcihldg`^c\i]ZgZ#>cVcZcdgbdjh
Vig^jb!ildhZihd[ZaZkZcWg^Y\ZhXdccZXii]Zd[ÒXZhdcZaZkZcÓddgh
dcildh^YZhd[i]ZWjâY^c\dkZgadd`^c\i]ZVig^jb#
3 =VV\hBdciZhhdgÂnXZjb!I]Z=V\jZ/]^\]hX]ddalî]VcdeZceaVc#
:ciZg^c\i]^hhX]dda!Vhig^`^c\gZhZbWaVcXZXVcWZhZZclî]i]ZXîn
]Vaa#=ZgZidd!lZhZZVcVig^jb!VXdcYZchZgd[l]Vi]VeeZchVgdjcY
î!VcYVhigjXijgZd[]VaalVnh!gdVYh!XdaaVWdgVi^c\#I]gZZÓddghd[
ldg`^c\c^X]ZhWgZVì]Za^cZVgînd[i]Z]VaalVnhVcY]VkZVXdc"
cZXi^c\k^Zlidi]ZXZcigVa]Vaa#HiV^glVnhVgZWZ]^cY\aVhhlVaahhd
i]ViZkZgnbdkZbZciXVcWZhZZc[gdbi]^hb^YYaZd[i]ZWjâY^c\#Hd
V\V^c!i]Z\gZViXdcYZchZg^hi]ZXZcigVa]VaaWjii]Z]VaalVnhdeZc^c\
jeidi]Z]VaaeVgi^XêViZVhlZaa#I]^hhX]dda\gVYjVaanbdkZh[gdbV
XZcigVa!ejWa^XeVgiVadc\i]Z]VaalVnhidlVgYi]ZbdgZeg^kViZXaVhh"
gddbh#
4 C6^!GdiiZgYVb/lVcYZg^c\i]gdj\]VgX]îZXijgZ#I]^hfjîZVl`lVgY
WjâY^c\^cGdiiZgYVb]djhZhi]gZZ\VaaZg^Zh!Va^WgVgn!VcVjYîdg^jb!
VXV[VcYVh]de!VaaYZkdiZYidVgX]îZXijgZ#I]Zhigdaai]gdj\]i]Z
WjâY^c\![VXâîViZYWnVi]gZZ"hidgngVbe!VcYi]ZdcZi]gdj\]i]Z
Zm]^Wî^dcheVXZhhZZbY^h_d^ciZY#6XaZVgY^hi^cXi^dchZZbhidWZbVYZ
WZilZZci]ZejWa^XodcZhd[i]ZbjhZjbh]de!XV[Z!VjYîdg^jbVcY
i]ZbdgZeg^kViZdcZhi ]Z\VaaZg^Zh#
M OV I N G T H ROUGH R E A LI T Y
L]Vi^hhig^`^c\^ci]ZVcVanhZhd[Y^[[ZgZciWjâY^c\hVcYi]Z^g
]VaalVnodcZh^hi]ZlVni]Z[dgb^cÓjZcXZhi]ZbdkZbZci^cVcY
i]gdj\]î#D[XdjghZ!i]^hhZZbhVfjîZad\^XVa\^kZc!WjiVc^bedg"
iVcidcZVhlZaa!l]ZclZadd`Vii]Zdeedgijcî^Zh[dgbYdZhdgYdZh
– 19 –

cdid[[Zg#7di]^cAddYh+VcYI]Z=V\jZXîn]Vaa!i]Za^cZVg[dgbd[
i]Z]VaalVnVcYi]ZWg^Y\ZhXîn]Vaad[[Zgcddi]Zgedhh^Wâîni]Vc
idbdkZ![dglVgY]d>ihZZbhi]Vihig^Xia^cZVgîn^cXdbW^cVi^dclî]
XaZVg\dVahZkd`Zh]VhiZVcY`âaheaVXZ"ediZci^Va#Hiâa!îYZeZcYhdc
l]Vii]ZWjâY^c\^hbZVci[dg0i]ZC6^gVbe^hVahdkZgna^cZVgi]dj\]
i]^ha^cZVgînd[[ZghhdbZbdgZZaZbZcihidhi^bjaViZ^bV\^cVi^dc#EZd"
eaZlVcYZgXVabanVadc\i]^hgVbeidlVgYi]Z\VaaZgnd[i]Z^gX]d^XZ#
>ci]Z=VV\hBdciZhhdgÂnXZjb!i]ZgZVgZldg`^c\c^X]ZhVadc\i]Z
]VaalVnVcYZkZci]dj\]i]Zl]daZ^hhiâafjîZa^cZVg!î^hbdgZ^c
bdi^dc!bdgZa^`Zi]ZXdcYZchZg^cIhX]jb^ÉhAZ;gZhcdn!bZci^dcZY
ZVga^Zg^ci]^hZhhVn#
7di]i]ZXîn]VaaVcYi]ZhX]dda]VkZVcdi]ZgodcZi]ViXVcWZhZZcVhV
gZVaXdcYZchZg/VcVig^jb#>cWdi]WjâY^c\h!igV[ÒXheVXZ^h\Vi]ZgZY
VgdjcYi]ZVig^jbl]^X]XgZViZhVeâZd[]dgôdciVabdkZbZcih]Vaa"
lVnh!Wg^Y\Zh!kZgi^XVabdkZbZcihhiV^gXVhZh!ZaZkVidghVcYg]ôd"
bVi^XbdkZbZcihVig^jb#I]gdj\]VXdchigjXi^dca^`Zi]^h!i]Zk^hîdg
bdkZh\gVYjVaan[gdbi]ZejWa^XidlVgYi]Zeg^kViZodcZhd[i]ZWjâY"
^c\#6\ddYXViVanhi!VahdhZZc^ci]ZC6^!l]ZgZVXXZhhidi]Z\VaaZg^Zh
]VeeZch\gVYjVaan#=ZgZ!i]ZigV[ÒXheVXZ^hgZVaaneaVXZYVhVWj[[Zg
odcZWZilZZci]ZejWa^X"cZhhd[i]Zh]deVcYi]ZXV[VcYi]Z\VaaZg^Zh#
>cAddYh+!i]ZfjîZg^\^Y]VaalVn^hVXViVanhiVhlZaaWji^cVaZhh\gVY"
jValVn#>ildg`hVhV`^cYd[^ciZg^dghigZZiXdccZXi^c\i]Zdjih^YZlî]
i]ZhijY^dh^ch^YZ#>ci]^ha^cZVghigjXijgZ!i]ZgZ^hegVXi^XVaancdgddb
[dga^b^cVaîn!]nWg^YôVi^dcVcYVbW^kVaZcXZ!l]ZgZVh^ci]ZXîn]Vaa
VcYZheZX^Vaan^ci]ZhX]ddai]^h^hbjX]bdgZegZhZci#>ihZZbhVh^[
Vc^cXgZVhZ^ca^b^cVaînYZXgZVhZhi]Z]VaalVnodcZVhVcdWhiVXaZ/i]Z
bdgZdeedgijcîni]ZgZ^h!i]ZhadlZgeZdeaZhZZbidbdkZi]gdj\]0
i]Z]VaalVnWZXdbZhV`^cYd[ilâ^\]iodcZ#7di]i]ZXîn]VaaVcYi]Z
hX]ddad[[ZghjX]VodcZ#I]ZaViiZgVabdhiWZXdbZhhZYZciVgn!l]ZgZ
i]ZWVaVcXZ^hfjîZ[gV\âZVcYYncVb^X#>iVahdYZeZcYhdci]Z^ciZgVX" • NAi, Rotterdam
i^dclî]VY_VXZciheVXZhVcY]dl^ciZgVXi^dcldg`h^cegVXi^XZ# •• City Hall, The Hague
I]ZgVbe^ci]ZC6^^hVahdV`^cYd[ilâ^\]iodcZ!WZXVjhZd[i]Za^\]i" ••• Haags Montessori Lyceum, The Hague
^c\VcYYVg`Xdadgd[i]Zl]daZ!WjiîhidehVii]ZbdbZcii]Z\VaaZgn •••• NAi, Rotterdam
– 20 –
dgi]ZXV[hiVgih#>ildjaYWZc^XZ^[i]^hlVa`ldjaYXdci^cjZ^cidi]Z
lVa`Vadc\i]Z\VaaZg^Zh^chiZVYd[WZ^c\VhhZ\gZ\ViZYVhî^hcdl#
>ci]ZhX]ddaVcYAddYh+!i]ZgZ^hhdbZY^[[ZgZcXZ^ci]ZWdjcYVg^Zh#
8aVhhgddbhVgZhZeVgViZY[gdbi]Z]VaalVnWn\aVhh!hijY^dhWn]^\]
l]îZlVaah#L]ZgZi]ZhX]ddaaZVkZhiddaîiaZgddb[dgXjg^dhînZkZ"
gni]^c\^hXaZVg!AddYh+^hiddXadhZY[dgVcn^ciZgVXi^dc#HijY^dYddgh
VgZhXgjejadjhanXadhZYVcYijgci]Z]VaalVn^cidVhâZci!VabdhibZY^"
iVi^kZodcZ#I]^hbZYîVi^kZfjVaîngZXjgh^ci]ZgVbehZXi^dc^ci]Z
C6^!i]dj\]i]^hheVXZ]VhhdbZ^ciZgVXi^dclî]i]ZVY_VXZciheVXZh!
WniZmidci]ZlVaah!Wnh^\]ia^cZh!dgWnVbZ\Ve]dcZ]Vc\^c\dci]Z
lVaah#>ih]djaYWZedhh^WaZidÒcYVWVaVcXZWZilZZcVcZci^gZanbZY^"
iVi^kZodcZVcYdcZi]Vi^hVabdhiXdbeaZiZandeZcZYje#I]ZhâZcicZj"
igVaînd[i]ZAddYh+]VaalVnYdZhâajhigViZi]ZY^[[ZgZcXZWZilZZci]Z
]VaalVnWZ^c\VeaVXZdgVcdc"eaVXZ#I]ZgZ^haîiaZcd^hZdgY^higVXi^dc
a^`Z^ci]ZXîn]Vaadgi]ZhX]dda!hdl]ZchdbZdcZZciZgh!i]ZVbW^"
ZcXZX]Vc\Zh0l]ZgZVh^ci]ZXVXde]dcnd[![dgZmVbeaZ!i]ZhX]dda!
i]^h^h]VgYancdi^XZVWaZ#>ci]ZaVhiXVhZ!i]Z]VaalVn]VhVabdhiadhi
îhcdc"eaVXZfjVaîn#:kZci]dj\]^ci]ZXîn]Vaai]ZWg^Y\ZhVgZVahd
deZcZYjeidlVgYi]ZVig^jb!i]ZnYdcdiY^hhdakZ^cidîVhbjX]Vh
i]ZhX]dda]VaalVnhYd#I]ZngZiV^cVXZgiV^cVjidcdbnVcYXdci^cjZid
WZVcdc"eaVXZ#
I]jh!i]ZbdgZcZjigVai]ZcZildg`d[bdi^dci]gdj\]VWjâY^c\^h!i]Z
bdgZîY^[[Zgh^cîhWZ^c\VeaVXZdgVcdc"eaVXZ#>cbnk^Zl!i]ZgZ
XVcWZVWVaVcXZ/WZilZZcdeZcVcYXadhZY!WZilZZcVcdcnbdjhVcY
`cdlc!WZilZZchâZciVcYXVXde]dc^X!bdk^c\VcYhiVcY^c\hiâa0WZ"
ilZZcejWa^XVcYeg^kViZ!WZilZZcXdci^cjdjhVcYiZbedgVgn#7jii]^h
WVaVcXZYZeZcYhdci]ZeZdeaZjh^c\i]Z]VaalVn#I]ZgZ[dgZ!>ldjaY
a^`ZideaZVY[dgVYncVb^XlVni]gdj\]i]Z^ciZg^dgWnbZVchd[VcZi"
ldg`d[a^b^cVaînXVaaZYi]Z]VaalVnodcZ#6heVXZi]ViYdZhcdi^bean
bdgZi]VcîhZa[!XdccZXihWjihZeVgViZh!hiVcYhhiâaWji^h^cbdi^dc0
i]ViaZVYhVadc\i]Zi]^c\hi]Vi]VeeZc^ci]Z^ciZg^dgl]Zc^ciZgVXi^c\
lî]i]Zb!cdiWZ^c\Va^cZVghigjXijgZWjiVl^cY^c\higdaai]gdj\]!
hdbZi^bZhdeZcVcYVabdhiY^hhdak^c\^cîhhjggdjcY^c\h!hdbZi^bZh
XadhZYVcYVjidcdbdjh#>YdcÉilVciidhZZi]^heVgid[i]Z^ciZg^dgVhV
gZh^YjVadgejgZan[jcXi^dcVadcZ#>lâaiV`ZîVhhZg^djhanVhi]ZgZhid[
i]Z^ciZg^dg#AZijhWViiaZV\V^chiV]^ZgVgX]ni]ViXgZViZhgZh^YjVaheVX"
ZhWjiaZijhVahdkVajZi]ZY^[[ZgZcXZhWZilZZchZYZciVgnVcYX^gXjaV"
i^dcheVXZ#AZijhkVajZi]ViWVaVcXZ!VWVaVcXZd[VbW^\jîn#
– 21 –
REFERENCES
7dd`h
6j\!BVgX&..*!Cdc"EaVXZh/>cigdYjXi^dcidVc6ci]gdedad\nd[
HjeZgbdYZgcîn!CZlNdg`/KZghd#
7VX]ZaVgY!<Vhidc&..)!I]ZEdZi^Xhd[HeVXZ!7dhidc/7ZVXdcEgZhh#
9Z8ZgiZVj!B^X]Za&..%!AÉ^ckZci^dcYjFjdi^Y^Zc!EVg^h/<Vaa^bVgY#
9ZaZjoZ!<âaZhVcY;a^m<jViiVg^&..+!6I]djhVcYEaViZVjh/8VeîVa^hb
VcYHX]ôde]gZc^V!AdcYdc/I]Z6i]adcZEgZhh#
:nX`!6aYdkVc8Vccdc!=Zcgn&.-+!C^Zidb]Zi:kZc0kVcZcdkZg6aYd
kVc:nX`!6bhiZgYVb/KVc<ZccZeW#k#
=V\ZbVc!BVgâaZ'%%)!9ZCZYZgaVcYhZ6gX]îZXijjg&%%%q'%%*!7jhhjb/
Jî\ZkZg^_I=DI=#
HigVjkZc!;gVcX^h&.-,!=Zi7jg\ZglZZh]j^hkVc6aYdkVc:nX`/ZZcbdYZgc
bdcjbZci!6bhiZgYVb/9ZDjYZHiVY$Hi^X]i^c\LdcZc#
IhX]jb^!7ZgcVgY&..)!:kZci8î^ZhegVm^h!8VbWg^Y\Z!BVhhVX]jhZiih$AdcYdc/
B>IEgZhh#
6gi^XaZh
8Vgg!8'%%(!ÆLdgaYd[>ciZg^dgh0>ci]Z]djhZlî]9d"=dHj]ÇVi
lll#aZ]bVccbVje^c#Xdb$ÒaZh$+.++)'WX#eY[
:kVch!GdW^c&.,-!Ç;^\jgZh!9ddghVcYEVhhV\ZhÇ^c6gX]îZXijgVa9Zh^\c)$,-!
ee#'+,"',-
<VbZgZc!9^X`kVc&...!Æ<Vc\"Gj^biZÇ^c;dgjb(.$)
=Vgg^hdc!HiZkZ9djg^h]!EVja&..+!ÆGZ"EaVXZ"^c\HeVXZ/I]ZGdaZhd[EaVXZVcY
HeVXZ^c8daaVWdgVi^kZHnhiZbhÇVi]iie/$$lll#Xh#jXa#VX#j`$ZmiZgcVa$e#Ydjg^h]$
eaVXZ
=Zc\ZkZaY!BVgaZZc'%%'!Æ=Zi@CHB"ZâVcYaZZ[ic^ZibZZgÇ^c=ZiEVgdda#
=dglîo!?Vb^Z'%%*!Æ7ZndcYCZi"id"<gdhh/VcVad\iddah[dgi]^c`^c\lî]cdc"Vg"
X]îZXihVWdjii]ZYZh^\cd[X^gXjaVi^dc"VcYdi]Zgh]VgZYheVXZhÇVi]iie/$$lll#
V^V#dg\$HîZDW_ZXih$ÒaZh$=dglîoTXdadg#eY[
@dda]VVh!GZb'%%&!Æ?jc`heVXZÇVi]iie/$$lll#Wi\_VeVc#dg\$XViVanhih$gZb#]iba
EVgZYZh"HVciâaVc8Vgnc'%%*!Æ6gX]îZXijgZ^c"WZilZZc/a^b^cVaanWg^Y\^c\i]Z
\Veh^ci]ZWVoVVgXîn#ÇVi]iie/$$lll#hiVX_#dg\$[dgjb$aVndjik'#eY[
HX]lVgio!7#&.+-!ÆI]ZHdX^VaEhnX]dad\nd[Eg^kVXnÇ^cI]Z6bZg^XVc?djgcVa
d[HdX^dad\n!ee#,)&",*'
HX]lVgio!>cZ`Z&...!ÆDeLZ\$Dci]ZLVnÇ^c;dgjb(.$)
HX]lVgio!B^X]^Za'%%)!ÆDeodZ`cVVg`gj^hejciZcÇVi]iie/$$lll#k^gijZZaeaVi"
[dgb#ca
IâbVc!=Vgb'%%)!Æ;VhX^cZgZcYZegdXZhh^Zgj^biZ0CZYZgaVcYhZ6bWVhhVYZ^c
7Zga^_c9^c9Z6gX]îZXi&$(*
Kgda^_`!9Zc^hZ=Zb`Zg!6ccZ'%%*!Æ<ZeaVcYZhedciVcîZî/XgZVi^ZkZhiZYZc!
ZZcc^Zjli^_YeZg`4Ç^cHG$D
Ndjc\!7dWWn'%%)!Æ6H`ViZWdVgYZgh<j^YZid6gX]îZXijgZdgVc6gX]îZXiÉh<j^YZ
idH`ViZWdVgY^c\ÇVi]iie/$$lll#adjYeVeZgbV\#Xdb
– 22 –
6^gedgiVa>bedgiVcXZ
ELLEN RUBEL
EZYZhig^VchiVa`^c\idi]ZbhZakZh^cVXgdhhlVa`!igV^cigVkZaZgh
lî]VaVeidedci]Z^g`cZZh!Xdc[ZgZcXZgddbhViJigZX]i8ZcigVa
HiVi^dc/ejWa^XheVXZhZZbhidWZXdbZbdgZVcYbdgZVcZmiZc"
h^dcd[i]Z^ciZg^dgVcYbVnZkZcijgc^cidi]Z^ciZg^dgîhZa[#EjW"
a^XheVXZ^hWZXdb^c\^ciZg^dgheVXZ0lZcdadc\Zg[ZZaZbWVggVhhZY
l]ZcY^hXjhh^c\eZghdcVaide^Xh^cejWa^XiddjgadkZgdci]Z
e]dcZ#LZYdcdi[ZZajcXdb[dgiVWaZigVch[Zgg^c\]j\ZVbdjcih
d[bdcZnWnaVeide!l]âZWZ^c\hjggdjcYZYWnbVcndi]Zgh^cV
XgdlYZYigV^c#Eg^kViZV[[V^ghiV`ZeaVXZbdgZVcYbdgZ^ccdc"eg^"
kViZVgZVh#EjWa^XheVXZhZgkZhcdlVYVnhVhVeaVn^c\ÒZaY[dghZkZg"
Vaeg^kViZVXi^kî^ZhegZk^djhanYdcZVcdcnbdjhan#
DO M ES T I C E X T ER I O R
Æ7ZXVjhZd[i]ZZkZg"^cXgZVh^c\bdWâîn!VcValVnhaVg\ZggVY^jhd[
VXi^dc^hYZkZadeZY#7jiheVXZWZXdbZhgZYjXZY^cidVcVgZVXdchiîji"
^c\VXgdhh^c\odcZ!Vc^c"WZilZZcbdbZci^cVcdc\d^c\bdkZbZci!
l]^X]^hVii]Zbdhi^ciZggjeiZYWnVh]dgiWgZV`#Ç> WZa^c\h&..*/(+
Lî]i]ZhZldgYh!=Vch>WZa^c\higVchaViZhejWa^XheVXZ^cidÆVXdaaZX"
i^dcd[igVchîeaVXZhÇÓdVi^c\dci]ZlVkZhd[bdWâîn#CZkZgi]ZaZhh!
i]ZhZldgYhgZaViZVahdid^ciZg^dga^k^c\heVXZh#>cejWa^XheVXZVhlZaa
Vh^c^ciZg^dga^k^c\!Vcdc\d^c\bdkZbZci^hcdi^XZVWaZ#L]nYdlZ
cZZYdjg^ciZg^dga^k^c\heVXZh!VcYl]nYdlZhiâaXdch^YZgi]Zbeg^"
kViZ4
GZ\VgY^c\YdbZhi^XeaVXZh!]Va[i]ZYVnlZVgZe]nh^XVaancdiVi]dbZWji
hdbZl]ZgZZahZ#H^cXZ>k^ZlhXgZZc"gZaViZYVXi^kî^ZhVhWZ^c\VXi^kZ^c
ejWa^XheVXZ![dgZmVbeaZlViX]^c\Vedaî^XVaYZWViZdciZaZk^h^dcdg
h]Vg^c\i]dj\]ihlî]Vc^ciZgcVi^dcVa[g^ZcYdc=nkZh!Vcdca^cZhd"
X^VacZildg`^c\hîZ!>XdjaYVg\jZi]Vi!^chjX]XVhZh!lZVgZVi]dbZ
WjiVXiVh^[^cejWa^XheVXZ#I]jh!i]ZVbdjcid[i^bZlZVgZXdchX^djh
d[YdbZhi^X^ciZg^dghjggdjcY^c\h^heZg]Vehdcanilddgi]gZZ]djgh
VYVn#6iaZVhi[dgi]ZXdbbdcX^kâ^VcXîôZc!lî]Vc^cZ"id"ÒkZ_dW!
l]dXdbbjiZhYVân#Hd!]dl^bedgiVci^hdjg]dbZ!djgh]ZaiZg4
=VhîWZXdbZdjgeZghdcVaigVchîeaVXZ/VeaVXZ^cWZilZZcbdkZ"
bZcih0VeaVXZigVch[dgbZY^cidVbdiZal]ZgZlZgZhi[gdbigVkZa^c\
VgdjcY0VeaVXZjhZYbV^canVhigVch[ZghiVi^dc4
>cYZZY!>XdjaYVg\jZi]Vii]Z^ciZg^dga^k^c\heVXZ]VhWZXdbZ_jhiV
eVhh^c\i]gdj\]!VeVi]lVn[gdbdcZZmiZg^dgidi]ZcZmi#I]Z^c]VWî"
Vcigjh]Zhi]gdj\]î!bZgZan\aVcX^c\^ch^YZl]âZbdk^c\dc#L]Zc
hiVn^c\adc\Zg^ch^YZ!i]ZW^\\ZhiVbdjcid[bdkZbZcilâaXdch^hi
d[igVkZa^c\VhlZaa/k^gijVaigVkZa#I]Zdeedgijcîn^hValVnhi]ZgZid
deZcVl^cYdlidVcdi]ZggZVaîn^ci]Za^k^c\fjVgiZgh#>cDeZcH`n!
EVjaK^gâ^dlgîZhVWdjiK^gijVaGZVaînVcYa^k^c\VgZVaa^[Z#Æ>[cdi
WZ^c\]ZgZVcYcdl!]dlXVclZgZVaana^kZ4=dlXVclZhjgk^kZi]Z
^chiVciVcZdjhiZaZhXde^c\d[VgZVaîni]Vi]VhWZXdbZjW^fjîdjh!
WgZV`^c\je^cidilddgYZghd[i^bZ!ZVX]VhgZVaVhi]Zdi]Zg/i]Vid[
egZhZcXZ]ZgZVcYcdl!VcYi]Vid[iZaZegZhZcXZViVY^hiVcXZ!WZndcY
i]Z]dgôdcd[iVc\^WaZVeeZVgVcXZh4ÇK^gâ^d&..,/(,6eeVgZcian!^c"
]VWîVciha^kZ^cWdi]ldgaYhVcY]VkZ[djcYVlVnidXdccZXii]ZgZVa
lî]i]Zk^gijVaWnh^beanVYVei^c\i]Z>ciZgcZi^cidi]Z^ga^k^c\heVXZ#
8dbbjc^XVi^dc"gZaViZY^ckZci^dchiZaZe]dcZ!gVY^d!iZaZk^h^dcVcY
>ciZgcZi\VkZYdbZhi^XeaVXZhbng^VYl^cYdlhdci]ZejWa^XeaVXZ#
L^cYdlV[iZgl^cYdldgl^cYdldkZgl^cYdlXVcWZdeZcZY#I]ZgZ"
– 23 –
[dgZ!VYdbZhi^XeaVXZ^hcdadc\Zg\jVgVciZZYidWZVcdc"ejWa^XZck^"
gdcbZci#6ibdhii^bZhheZci^ceg^kViZYdbV^chlZdeZcVl^cYdlid
ejWa^XheVXZ#
>i^hbdhia^`Zani]Vii]ZbVcnl^cYdlhidVcdi]ZggZVaîn!XgZVi^c\VcZc"
igVcXZ[gdbejWa^XYdbV^c^cidi]Zeg^kViZ^ciZg^dgYdbV^c!VcYi]Z
^cXgZVh^c\Vbdjcid[bdWâZ^ckZci^dch]Zae^c\i]ZejWa^XeaVXZhid
WZXdbZZmiZch^dch[gdbi]Z^ciZg^dgYdbV^ch!]VkZegdYjXZYVcZl
^ciZg^dga^[ZhinaZ#I]Za^[ZhinaZZm]^Wîhi]gZZX]VgVXiZg^hi^Xh/&#bdWâ^"
inbV^canheZZY^c\je!'#igVch[dgbVi^dcX]Vc\Zd[eZghdcVaîn!VcY
(#ZmeZg^ZcXZZciZgiV^cbZci"gZaViZY#6c^ciZg^dgh]djaYi]ZchVi^h[n
i]Zjg\Z[dgbdWâîn!igVch[dgbVi^dc!VcYZmeZg^ZcXZ#BdWâîn/fj^X`
i^bZVgg^kVahVcYYZeVgijgZh!gZhjai^c\^cVh]dgihiVnVi]dbZ"gZaViZY
iddjg]^\]anZXdcdb^XhnhiZbl]ZgZi^bZ^hbdcZn#IgVch[dgbVi^dc/
WZ^c\hdbZdcZZahZVi]dbZ!^ci]Zk^gijValdgaY!VcY^cejWa^XheVXZ#
:meZg^ZcXZ/V]dbZX^cZbVhnhiZbdg`VgVd`ZWVg!V\da[XdjghZlî]^c
lVa`^c\Y^hiVcXZ#6aai]gZZX]VgVXiZg^hi^Xh!bdWâîn!igVch[dgbVi^dc
VcYZmeZg^ZcXZ!]VkZidÒi^ciddgWZXadhZangZaViZYiddjgYdbZhi^X
VgZVh#
7jiVgZcÉilZhZVgX]^c\[dgVaZhhXdbeaZm!bdgZdeZcVcYh^beaZheVXZ
eZgXZei^dc^ch^YZdjga^k^c\fjVgiZghidejijhViZVhZ46[jgi]ZgVcVan"
h^hd[i]Zcdi^dchd[heZZY!gdaZigVch[dgbVi^dc!VcYZmeZg^ZcXZ^c
gZaVi^dcidYdbZhi^XeaVXZhb^\]iVchlZgi]ZfjZhi^dcd[l]VilZVgZ
add`^c\[dg^cdjgYdbZhi^XZck^gdcbZcihVcY]dllZXVcgZXd\côZ
i]ZbVh^ciZg^dga^kZhgVi]Zgi]VchZb^"ejWa^XeaVn\gdjcYh#
D E VO I D O F I M AGI N AT I O N O R E XP ER I EN CE- R I CH DU LLN ES S ?
I]dj\]i]ZYdbZhi^XdgeZghdcVaigVchîeaVXZ]VhWZXdbZbdgZdeZc
VcYigVcheVgZci!î^hhiâaVeaVXZidgZXjeZgViZl]âZhaZZe^c\dggZhi"
^c\Yjg^c\i]Zc^\]idgYVni^bZ#=dlZkZg!V[iZgÆgZX]Vg\^c\Ç!^[cdiVa"
gZVYnYdcZ^cVhVjcV!WZVjinhVadcdgdmn\ZcWVg!i]ZZbWdY^ZYgjh]
[dgbdkZbZci^cidi]ZZmiZg^dggZVeeZVgh#I]Z[ZZa^c\d[]Vk^c\cd
i^bZidd[[hZii]Zdjih^YZldgaYdkZggjaZhi]Zb^cYaZhhb^cjiZh#I]^h
^hWZXVjhZd[i]ZÆi^bZ^hbdcZnÇVcYi]ZkZgn^bedgiVciÆi^bZ]Vhid
WZZmeZg^ZcXZÇbZciVaînd[djgLZhiZgchdX^Zin#GZXgZVi^dc!h]dee^c\
VcYhedgiVgZaZ^hjgZVXi^kî^Zh#I]ZegZX^djh[gZZ]djgh]VkZidWZZm"
eZg^ZcXZY^cdgYZgidXdjci^ci]ZldgaYd[aZ^hjgZ#He^cc^c\!Xjcc^c\!
XVgi^c\!Wjc\ZZ_jbe^c\!eVgV\a^Y^c\!]îX]]^`^c\XdciZhih![Zhi^kVah
dgh^c\aZhÉb^YlZZ`ZkZcih/Vaa`^cYhd[aZ^hjgZZciZgiV^cbZci]VkZ
ZbZg\ZY"dg]VkZgZ"ZbZg\ZY!^c[dgbhd[nd\V!k^hî^c\VheV!VcY
h`ZZih]ddi^c\#I]ZgZ^hVcZcdgbdjhVggVnd[Y^[[ZgZci`^cYhd[aZ^hjgZ
VXi^kî^Zh!Wjii]ZejgX]VhZ^hZkZcW^\\Zg#EZdeaZlVciZmeZg^ZcXZh^c
i]Z^gegZX^djhheVgZi^bZ#BdgZdkZg!cdli]ViZkZgni]^c\VgdjcYjh
^hjcYZgXdcigdaVcYXdccZXiZY"dca^cZ!bdWâZe]dcZ^cdcZÉhedX`Zi
"hdbZi]^c\cZl]VhidWZZcXdjciZgZY0_jbe^c\djid[VeaVcZdg[gdb
VWg^Y\Z!VcYhdbZcZlK GWdYn]VhidWZXdbZV[g^ZcY^cdgYZgid
ZmeVcYi]ZldgaYd[^ciZgVXi^dc#>ci]ZldgaYd[VgX]îZXijgZ!lZXVc
cdi^XZi]ViYZh^\cZghVci^XêViZi]ZjhZgÉhYZh^gZWnbV`^c\i]Z^ciZgVX"
i^kZVgX]îZXijgZjhZghd[i]ViheZX^ÒXadXVi^dcZmeZXi#I]ZYZh^gZ^hid
a^kZVhXadhZVhedhh^WaZdg!bdhi^YZVaan!Vbdc\i]Z]ZXi^X_jbWaZd[Zc"
iZgiV^cbZci!gZXgZVi^dc!VcYXdchjbei^dc#>ciZgVXi^dclî]di]ZghVcY
i]ZhjggdjcY^c\h^hbVc^[ZhiZY^cbVcnZmeZg^bZci"adVYZYVXi^kî^Zh
adXViZYXadhZidi]ZYdbZhi^XVgZVdgZbWdY^ZY^cjgWVcVgX]îZXijgZ#
I]ZbZY^V"gZVY]ZgZiZaZk^h^dc!gVY^dVcYi]Z>ciZgcZi"eaVni]ZbV_dg
gdaZ^ci]ZfjZhi[dg^cXgZVh^c\^cejiVcYXdccZXii]Z^ch^YZa^k^c\VgZV
lî]i]Zdjih^YZldgaY#LZb^\]ib^hhVaai]Z[jc!cZlh!VcYZmeZg^"
ZcXZ!l]ZccdieVgiV`^c\^ci]ZhigZVbd[^c[dgbVi^dc[gdbVaadkZg
i]ZldgaYZciZg^c\djga^k^c\VgZVi]gdj\]dcZd[îhl^cYdlh#EZdeaZ
[ZZaZbdi^dcVaanVWVcYdcZYl]Zci]Z^gl^cYdlhVgZXadhZYidi]Zdji"
h^YZldgaY#
– 24 –
>ci]ZXdciZmid[odcZhlî]djibZY^VY^hijgWVcXZVcYY^\îVabZY^V!
<^cZiiZ7adblgîZh/ÆLZXVcadd`Vii]ZZmiZg^dg!VaaejWa^XeaVXZh!
igVchîeaVXZh!d[ÒXZh!gZiVâVcYhddc!Vheaj\\ZYodcZh#I]ZaViZhi
cZlh!XjaijgVaZkZcih!hidX`ZmX]Vc\ZgZedgihVcYigV^chX]ZYjaZhVgZ
egdk^YZY^ci]Zdjih^YZldgaY#>ci]ZhZeaj\\ZYodcZh!eZdeaZXVcgZVXi
id^c[dgbVi^dcVcYZVX]di]Zg#Eaj\\ZYodcZhVgZYncVb^XheVXZh!
l]ZgZîVaa]VeeZch#6cjceaj\\ZYodcZh]djaYi]ZcWZVeaVXZl]ZgZ
ndjgdlc^cY^k^YjVaZmeZg^ZcXZXVcWZi]Z^cî^Vaed^ci[dgeZghdcVa
XdciVXi#Jceaj\\ZYodcZhVgZheVXZhl]^X]YdcÉiidaZgViZbZY^V^ciZg"
kZci^dc#Çl ll#WadbYdcilZgeZc#ca>ck^Zld[i]Z[VXii]VihViZaaîZh
X^gXaZVgdjcYdjg\adWZVcYhegZVYVcYgZXZ^kZVXdci^cjdjhhigZVb
d[^c[dgbVi^dc!>XdjaYVg\jZi]Vii]ZldgaY^hdcZW^\eaj\\ZYeaVcZi!
l]ZgZlZ]VkZidXgZViZdjgdlcjceaj\\ZYc^X]Zh^cdgYZgidgZ"
X]Vg\Z#
D ECELER AT I N G
<^cZiiZ7adbXVaaheaVXZheaj\\ZYl]ZcY^\îVabZY^V^c[dgbhi]ZdX"
XjeVcihd[VeaVXZ!i]gdj\]l]^X]eZdeaZgZVXiidi]Z^ghjggdjcY^c\h
VcYZVX]di]Zg#>cXdcigVhilî]eaj\\ZYeaVXZh!jceaj\\ZYeaVXZhbjhi
i]ZcWZeaVXZhlî]djiVcn^ciZg[ZgZcXZ^ceaVXZ"gZaViZY]jbVcWZ]Vk"
^dg[gdbVbZY^VhdjgXZ#7jil]ViYdjceaj\\ZYeaVXZhaddà^`Z^ci]^h
ldgaYd[iZaZk^h^dc!i]Z>ciZgcZiVcYbdWâZe]dcZh4
IdYVn!bZY^V^ciZgkZci^dchXVciV`ZeaVXZVabdhiVcnl]ZgZ#DcanWnXgZ"
Vi^c\VlVgZcZhhd[i]Zjceaj\\ZY$eaj\\ZYhiVijhd[VXZgiV^ceaVXZ!
lâai]ZjhZghVXiVh^[WZ^c\^cVeaj\\ZY$jceaj\\ZYeaVXZ#7adbXVaah
jceaj\\ZYeaVXZhÆ^c[dgbVi^dc"[gZZhV[Z]VkZchÇl]^X]^hVjide^VcYZ"
hXgêi^dc#Jide^Vc!WZXVjhZi]ZhZ]VkZchh^beanYdcÉiZm^hi^ccVijgZ#6
higêd[WZVX]!dgcVijgZegZhZgkZXVcWZXdbZeaj\\ZY!l]Zc^ci]Zh^"
aZcXZVbdWâZe]dcZg^c\h#I]ZhZdg^\^cVaanigVcfjâ!jceaj\\ZYeaVXZh
idYVngjci]Zg^h`d[WZXdb^c\eaj\\ZY#Lî]i]ZiZgbeaj\\ZY!>gZ[Zg
idi]Zdc\d^c\deedgijcînidXdccZXilî]eaVXZhdgeZdeaZl]dVgZ
cdi^ci]ZhVbZVgZV#EaVXZhlâaWZXdbZjceaj\\ZYl]ZcVcZcigVcXZ
h^\clVgchV\V^chijh^c\bdWâZYZk^XZh#I]ZgZ[dgZ!jceaj\\ZYeaVXZh
lâaVahdValVnhWZh^\c"gZaViZY#
I]Z>ciZgcZi!Z"bVâ!hViZaaîZiZaZk^h^dc!bdWâZe]dcZh/i]ZhZXdbbjc^XV"
i^dcVcY^c[dgbVi^dcbZY^V\VkZi]ZldgaYVhZchZd[cdidcanZmeVcY"
^c\!WjiVahdh]g^c`^c\Vii]ZhVbZi^bZ#:kZgni]^c\^h[VgVcYcZVg!
jc`cdlcVcY`cdlcVcYXdchiVcianjcYZghjgkZâaVcXZWni]Z\adWZ"
ZcX^gXa^c\hViZaaîZhYZiZXi^c\VaaeaVXZh^cXajY^c\i]Zjceaj\\ZY!h^\c"
YZh^\cZYeaVXZh#I]Zh^\chXdbbVcYeZdeaZidijgcbdWâZe]dcZhd[[
VcYidaZVkZaVeidehVi]dbZ#Jceaj\\ZYeaVXZhgVgZanZm^hi^cjcXja"
i^kViZY[dgbh#=dl^hîedhh^WaZid[gZZdjgb^cYhdXXVh^dcVaan^ci]^h
i^bZd[^cXgZVh^c\XdbeaZmîngZhjai^c\[gdbbZY^VViigVXi^dc4=dlid
[gZZdjghZakZh[gdbdkZg"^cejiVYY^Xi^dc4LZcZZYjceaj\\ZYeaVXZh!
l]ZgZbZY^VYdcdiXdci^cjdjhan^ciZg[ZgZlî]djgi]dj\]ih#
9^\îVabZY^VWgdj\]iejWa^XheVXZVcYbdi^dc^cida^k^c\VgZVhWnXgZVi^c\
VXdchiVci!deZchdjgXZgZaVi^dclî]i]Zl]daZldgaY#I]Z>ciZgcZiegd"
k^YZghegdbdiZi]Z^gegdYjXihlî]VYhhjX]VhÆ;dgi]ZhbVaaZhieg^XZ!
ndjX]ddhZdjg[VhiZhiheZZYidgZVX]i]ZldgaY#LZ^chiVaa[dg[gZZ^cV
b^cjiZ#ÇEgdk^YZghh]dldciZaZk^h^dcVcY^cbV\Vo^cZh]dlVccdn^c\
lVî^c\dghiV\cVi^dcXVcWZl]âZhîi^c\WZ]^cYVXdbejiZg#9dlc"
adVY^c\!hjgÒc\!heZZY"YVi^c\/i]ZcZlkZgWh[gdbi]^hYZXVYZh]dli]Z
gjh]^cVXi^kî^Zhlî]^chiVciVcZdjhXdccdiVi^dch#DeZc^c\l^cYdl
V[iZgl^cYdl!\Zii^c\VhbjX]^c[dgbVi^dcVhedhh^WaZ[gdbi]Zdjih^YZ
ldgaY^cidhbVaa^ch^YZa^k^c\heVXZhbjhiiV`Zcdadc\Zgi]VccZXZh"
hVgn#
9^YlZ[ZZaVh^[ViVhiVcYhiâal]ZclZlZgZi^ZYidViVWaZdglVaal]Zc
bV`^c\Ve]dcZXVaa4LZgZlZXjid[[[gdbi]Zdjih^YZldgaY!^ci^bZh
i]Vii]ZdcanhXgZZc^cdjga^k^c\heVXZlVhVhbVaa!XjW^X!XdadgiZaZk^"
– 25 –
h^dc4BdWâînVcYhXgZZc"gZaViZY^ckZci^dchZciZgZYi]Z]djhZVcY
bVYZi]Z^c]VWîVcihheZcYaZhhjcVlVgZi^bZ^ci]Z]djhZ#>Xdch^YZg
jcVlVgZi^bZVhjceaj\\ZYi^bZ[dgYd^c\cdi]^c\WjigZXjeZgVi^c\
l]âZcdiWZ^c\VlVgZd[i]Zi^bZ\d^c\Wn#JcVlVgZi^bZ^hbdhid[Vaa
eg^kViZi^bZlî]djiXdccZXi^dcidi]Zdjih^YZldgaY#IdYVn!i]ZWZhi
ZmVbeaZd[VcjcVlVgZi^bZbdbZcihZZbhidWZhîi^c\dcVidâZi#
>cYZZY!i]Zdcanedhh^WaZlVnid]VkZhdbZjcVlVgZb^cjiZh^hadX`^c\
ndjghZa[^cVWVi]gddbVcYhadl^c\Ydlc^ci]ZhâZcXZd[i]gZZhfjVgZ
bZiZgh#
P ERCEI V I N G S PACE T H ROUGH M OV EM EN T
I]ZkVg^djhlVnhd[i^bZVcYheVXZeZgXZei^dc^cdcZadXVi^dchVnVadi
VWdjii]ZVhncX]gdcdjhlVnd[a^k^c\VcYWZ]Vk^c\^ci]Zg^X]LZhiZgc
ldgaY#GZa^\^dch!V\Zh!XjaijgZh!VcYhZmZha^kZid\Zi]Zg^cÈWVca^ZjZ"
a^`ZÉVeVgibZciWadX`hl]âZh]Vg^c\i]ZhVbZ[gdciYddg#6[Vbânlî]
h^mX]âYgZc^heaVn^c\VWdVgY\VbZVgdjcYi]Z^gY^ccZgiVWaZ!l]âZ
Vii]ZhVbZi^bZ!VXdjeaZYdlchiV^gh^hlViX]^c\7daanlddYedgcVcY
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bZciWadX`!eZdeaZVgZa^k^c\Vbdc\Y^[[ZgZciXjaijgZhVcYgZa^\^dch
VcY!i]ZgZ[dgZ!lî]^cY^[[ZgZcii^bZhX]ZYjaZhegdYjXZY![dgZmVbeaZ!
WnY^ccZgi^bZhdgegVnZg[gZfjZcX^Zh#7jii]ZgZ^hVahdVcdi]Zg`^cYd[
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ZghhjX]Vha^[Zhidg^ZhVcYeZghdcVaZbdi^dch!WZXVjhZd[i]ZXdchiVci
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gZXZ^kZYZiVâh[gdba^kZhVcYeZdeaZlZlâacZkZgbZZi0l]dlâahaZZe
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XVhZ!lZa^kZVhncX]gdcdjhan^ceaVXZVcYi^bZX#[#K^gâ^dÉh/Æ=ZgZVcY
CdlÇ!l]âZ^ci]ZVeVgibZci"gZaViZYZmVbeaZîdcan]VhidYdlî]
i]Zb^cYÉhZnZgZa^\^dc!V\Z!XjaijgZdg\ZcYZg"gZaViZY#
I]^hYdjWanVhncX]gdcdjha^[ZhinaZ"i]gdj\]i]Zb^cYÉhZnZdgi]gdj\]
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d[VI<KdgV^geaVcZ#6hVgZhjai!igVkZaZghhbddi]anVYVeiidX]Vc\"
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djiWZ^c\^cbdi^dc#HdbZWdYnXVcadd`Æ[VhiÇ!WZXVjhZd[igZcYn!hina"
^h]Xadi]^c\#I]gdj\]X]Vc\^c\gdaZh^cY^[[ZgZcihjggdjcY^c\h!l]Zc
bdk^c\[gdb]dbZidldg`!^cidi]ZhigZZi!^cidi]ZejW!eZghdcVaî^Zh
iZcYidWZXdbZ]nWg^YôZY#ÆI]ZYdjWaZbdWâînÄi]ZYZh^gZ[dgi]Z
[VgVcYjc`cdlc!VcYi]ZlVn]dbZÄWZXdbZhbVc^[Zhi^cXadi]^c\#Ç
IZggZZ]dghi&..,/*(Add`hVcYa^k^c\heVXZhhiVgiZYidWZXdbZ^ciZg"
X]Vc\ZVWaZ#>i^hWZXdb^c\^cXgZVh^c\anXaZVgi]Vi^ciZg^dghbjhi]VkZ
i]ZXVeVXînidVYVeiidY^[[ZgZcihîjVi^dch#6[iZgVaa!djg^ciZg^dg^hdjg
i]^gYh`^c#I]ZX]Vc\Zd[Xadi]Zhh]dl^c\]dllZ[ZZal]âZXdkZg^c\
djgWdYn^hh^bâVgid]dli]Z^ciZg^dgh`^cXdjaYigVch[dgbl]âZegd"
– 26 –
YjX^c\YdbZhi^XVgZVhh]dl^c\bddYhVcYgdaZh#
I]Zi]^gYX]VgVXiZg^hi^X!igVch[dgbVi^dc!XdbeaZiZhi]Ze^XijgZd[l]VilZ
lVci^cYdbZhi^XeaVXZh#I]ZZmeZg^ZcXZ"g^X]eaVXZh!^cWZilZZcbdkZ"
bZci!]VkZidWZigVch[dgbVWaZVhlZaa#I]ZX]VgVXiZg^hi^Xhd[bdi^dc!
ZmeZg^ZcXZ!VcYigVch[dgbVi^dcVgZcdi^dchgZaViZYidi]ZZgVlî]
[gZZYdbd[X]d^XZ!VcYXgZViZVXdbeaZmZck^gdcbZcil]Zcejiid\Zi]"
Zg#6aai]gZZcdi^dchgZ[ZgidbdWâînVcYX]Vc\Zd[k^Zled^ci#L]Zc
lZYZh^\cVc^ciZg^dga^k^c\heVXZ!lZ^beani]Zi]gZZX]VgVXiZg^hi^Xh
gVi]Zgi]Vci]ViWdi]dc\d^c\bdkZbZciVcY]VhiZ]VkZZciZgZYi]Z
]djhZ#I]ZVbdjcid[i^bZheZciVi]dbZlâaegdWVWan^cXgZVhZl]Zc
lZXgZViZbdWâZ!igVch[dgbVWaZaZ^hjgZVXXdbbdYVi^dc!Wjii]ZgZlâa
WZaZhhi^bZidjceaj\!idijgcd[[i]Zdjih^YZldgaY!VcYidZc_dnjcV"
lVgZb^cjiZh#:bei^cZhh[dgi^bZjcVlVgZcZhh^hcZZYZY^c^ciZg^dgh
idegZkZcii]ZZbZg\ZcXZd[jcYZÒcZYa^k^c\heVXZhÒaaZYlî]cdi]"
^c\Wjibdi^dc#
S I M P LI FI CAT I O N BY M OV EM EN T
BdWâîn^hWZXdb^c\VcVabdhidkZggja^c\ZaZbZci^c^ciZg^dga^k"
^c\heVXZh#I]^c`d[bdWâZe]dcZh!aVeideh!ha^Y^c\lVaah!iVWaZhlî]
l]ZZah!VcYXdjX]Zhbdge]^c\[gdbVadkZhZVi^cid[djgXjW^XhZVih#
L]âZi]Zdjih^YZldgaY\ZihbdgZbdWâZ!i]ZeaVXZ^c"WZilZZci]^h
bdi^dc!i]ZeZghdcVa"igVch[ZgeaVXZ!VahdÒaahlî]bdWâZcdkZai^Zh#
I]Zgjh]i]gdj\]i]Z^ciZg^dga^k^c\heVXZhlâadcanWZgZ^c[dgXZYWn
bdWâZVXXZhhdg^Zh#IdegZkZciVcdkZg"VXXZaZgVi^dc^ci]Z^ciZg^dga^k"
^c\heVXZ!lZcZZYidiV`ZVXadhZgadd`Vii]ZXdcXZeid[bdkZbZci^c
dgYZgidjcYZghiVcY]dlVYZXZaZgVi^dcb^\]idXXjg#
I]gdj\]djgVWâînidbdkZVgdjcY^cZck^gdcbZcihVcYidgjcdjg
]VcYhdkZghjg[VXZh!lZgZXZ^kZVkVhiVbdjcid[^c[dgbVi^dcVWdji
i]ZldgaY#LZaZVgci]ZXdcidjghd[djgldgaYVcYi]Zedhh^WaZlVnh^c
l]^X]lZXVc^ciZgVXilî]îk^VbdkZbZci#BdkZbZciXVcWZhZZc^c
îhbdhi]dcZhi]jbVc[dgb^cVc^c[VciÉhÒghihiZehVcYîhijbWa^c\
Ydlc!XVjhZYWni]ZaVlhd[\gVkîn!l]ZcY^hXdkZg^c\îhhjggdjcY"
^c\h#6hBVm^cZH]ZZih"?d]chidcZ]VhVg\jZY!Æ>ci]ZWZ\^cc^c\!lZ
VgZh^bean^c[jhZYlî]bdkZbZciÄcdibZgZanlî]VegdeZchînid
bdkZ!Wjilî]i]ZgZVai]^c\#I]^heg^bVaVc^bViZYfjVaîn!i]^hdg^\^"
cVa`^cZi^XhedciVcZîni]Vi^c[jhZhdjgWZ^c\VcYYZÒcZhdjgVa^kZ"
cZhh!^hdjged^cid[YZeVgijgZ[dga^k^c\^ci]ZldgaYVcYbV`^c\hZchZ
d[î#ÇH]ZZih"?d]chidcZ!&.../&(+
Bdhid[i]Zi^bZlZVgZcÉiVlVgZd[i]Z[VXii]VilZbdkZ0bdkZbZci
hZZbhid]VeeZcjcXdchX^djhanVh^[egd\gVbbZY#LZXVchZZdjgWdY"
ânbdkZbZcih_jhiVhWgZVi]^c\dgWa^c`^c\#Hiâa!i]ZgZVgZVcjbZg"
djh`^cYhd[Y^[[ZgZcibdkZbZcihi]gdj\]l]^X]lZVaaXVcjc^fjZan
ZmeZg^ZcXZi]ZldgaY#LZ[ZZaVXXZaZgVi^dchdgYZXZaZgVi^dchVcYhideh
^cWZilZZcbdi^dc0hbddi]dgX]deenbdkZbZciVcYX]Vc\Zh^ceVXZ
YZeZcY^c\dci]ZkZ]^XaZ#I]ZhZY^[[ZgZcXZh^cbdi^dcY^k^YZdjgZm"
eZg^ZcXZ[gdbdjghjggdjcY^c\h!VcYigVch[ZgdjghjggdjcY^c\h[gdb
b^Xgd"YZiVâZYl]ZchiVcY^c\hiâa!^cidkV\jZcZhhl]Zc^c]^\]heZZY#
>cVXijVaanbdk^c\dg7LBWdYn"lî]^c"bdkZbZci!lZZmeadgZ]dllZ
^ciZgVXilî]djgZck^gdcbZci^cVXXZaZgVi^dcVcYYZXZaZgVi^dc#6adc\"
h^YZ7LBeZgXZei^dc!lZbdkZi]gdj\]i]ZeaVXZh^c"WZilZZc!i]Z
ejWa^XigVchîhiVi^dch#I]ZeaVXZh^cWZilZZci]ZbdkZbZcihVgZcdi
ZcYed^cihWji^ciZghZXi^dch#I]ZdgZi^XVaan!lZVgZ]ZgZ^cVcjcYZÒcZY
hiViZd[eaVXZ!WZXVjhZd[cdiWZ^c\^cbdi^dc!WjiVahdcdiWZ^c\^ci]Z
ÒcVaadXVi^dc#>XVaai]ZhZÆcdc"eaVXZhÇ^ca^cZlî]BVgX6j\![dgi]Zn
Zm^hihdaZan[dggZVhdchd[X]Vc\^c\Y^gZXi^dc!k^ZldgheZZY#HZkZgVa
kZXidghbZZiViVcdc"eaVXZ!l]âZi]ZeaVXZlâacZkZgWZXdbZi]ZZcY"
ed^cid[VkZXidg#6cdc"eaVXZ^hbdhianVigVch[ZgeaVXZdgeVhhV\Z!V
adXVi^dc^cWZilZZcbdkZbZci!VeaVXZl]ZgZeZdeaZXVclVî#
– 27 –
WA I T I N G V ERS US WAS T I N G
I]ZZkZgnYVne]ZcdbZcdcd[lVî^c\^cdjggjh]ZYLZhiZgchdX^Zin
XVcWZhZZcVhi]ZegôZlZ]VkZideVn[dgdjg]neZg"YncVb^Xa^[Z"
hinaZVcYbdWâîn#LZhZZbjcVWaZidhadlYdlc!ZkZcl]âZlVî^c\#
6XVgZ[jaZhi^bViZh]dlhi]VilZlVhiZViaZVhii]^ginb^cjiZhd[djg
i^bZdcVcVkZgV\ZYVn^cVlVî^c\hîjVi^dc/^ci]ZhjeZgbVg`Zi!^c
i]Za^cZVii]ZXVh]bVX]^cZ!dci]Z>ciZgcZidgdci]ZiZaZe]dcZ#LZ
ZcYje^cigV[ÒX_VbhdglVîViVigV[ÒXa^\]i!lVîViVWjhhidedgVi
VhiVi^dc!VccdndjghZakZhViVcV^gedgi!VcYhjeegZhhdjg^ggîVi^dch
^ci]Z]dheîVadgVii]ZYdXidgÉhd[ÒXZ#DkZgÒ[innZVgh!hVn[gdbV\Z
&*jciâgZi^gZbZci!îlâaVYYjeiddcZnZVgd[lVhiZYi^bZ#>caVWdg
iZgbh!îVbdjcihidi]gZZnZVghd[adhiegdYjXi^kîn#LVî^c\^hi]Z
idgbZcid[djgbdYZgcZm^hiZcXZVcYgViZYi]Zh^c\aZbdhi^ggîVi^c\
X^gXjbhiVcXZ#DcZ[ZZahVii]ZbZgXnd[i]Z[VâZYZ[ÒX^ZcXnd[Veddg
hnhiZb#EVcZa8]VccZa^hVXdbeVcnl]^X]eZg[ZXianVci^XêViZhi]Z
cZ\Vi^kZ[ZZa^c\XVjhZYWnlVî^c\#I]ZXdbeVcnig^ZhidY^higVXilVî"
^c\eZdeaZ[gdbi]Z^gYVâng]ni]b!hdi]Vii]ZnlâacdiWZXdbZ^gg^"
iViZYVcY[gjhigViZYl]âZheZcY^c\i^bZYd^c\cdi]^c\#
GZbVg`VWan!V^gedgiadjc\ZhhZZbidWZi]ZdcaneaVXZhl]ZgZlVî^c\
YdZhcdiijgc^cid[gjhigVi^dc#6cYnLVg]daXaV^bZYid`cdll]n#
Æ6^geaVcZhVcYV^gedgih]VkZbn[VkdgîZ`^cYd[[ddYhZgk^XZ!bn[V"
kdgîZ`^cYhd[ZciZgiV^cbZci!bn[VkdgîZ\gVe]^XhVcYXdadgh!i]Z
WZhihZXjgînX]ZX`h!i]ZWZhik^Zlh!i]ZWZhiZbeadnZZhVcYi]ZWZhi
dei^b^hb#ÇLVg]da&.,,6XadhZgadd`ViV^gedgih!ZheZX^VaanVii]Z
jhV\Zd[i]ZiZgb^cVah!lâaegdk^YZbdgZ^ch^YZ^c[dgbVi^dcd[i]ZhZ
`^cYhd[igVchîeaVXZh0eaVXZhadXViZY^cWZilZZci]ZXdbeaZmînVcY
bdkZbZcid[i]Z^c[gVhigjXijgVahjggdjcY^c\hVcYi]Z]^YYZcVk^Vi^dc
hnhiZb#
CH AS I N G T H E EM P T Y H O R IZO N
I]djhVcYhd[eVhhZc\ZgheVhhi]gdj\]HX]ê]daV^gedgiZVX]YVnZc
gdjiZidi]Z^gYZhi^cVi^dch#7Z[dgZWdVgY^c\i]ZnZciZgVXdcigdaaZY
kVXjjb/i]ZYZeVgijgZadjc\Z#7Zh^YZhZVi^c\!h]dee^c\!higdaa^c\
VgdjcY!dglViX]^c\i]Z^c[dgbVi^dcWdVgYh!i]ZnXVcYVnYgZVbVWdji
i]Z^gYZhi^cVi^dc#;VciVh^Zhd[i]ZbdhieZg[ZXiadXVi^dchVg^hZ^ci]Z
adjc\Zh#>ci]ZhZadjc\ZheZdeaZgZaVm#I]Zn`cdli]Vii]ZnVgZhV[Z!
lViX]ZY!VcYlVî^c\!hjggdjcYZYWndi]Zgh#
I]ZV^gedgi^hVigVchîeaVXZeVgZmXZaaZcXZ#;gdbVaa`^cYhd[aZkZahVcY
Y^gZXi^dcheZdeaZ\Vi]Zg^ci]^hVcdcnbdjhVgZV#=dlZkZg!VcV^gedgi
^hcdii]ZZcYed^ci#=Vk^c\Vgg^kZYVii]^hcdc"eaVXZ!Vcdi]ZgkZ]^XaZ
lâaiV`Zi]ZeVhhZc\Zg[jgi]Zg!Zî]Zgidi]Z^gÒcVaYZhi^cVi^dc!dgid
Vcdi]Zg^c[gVhigjXijgVahjWjgW#>cVbZYVcV^gedgiadjc\ZVcdc"eaVXZ
WZXVjhZi]ZhZheVXZhVgZdcanjhZYWnigVkZaZghWg^ZÓn^ceVhh^c\VcY
cdi[dgk^hî^c\i]ZeaVXZ^cdgYZgidWZi]ZgZ#BVgX6j\cdiZh!Æ>[V
eaVXZXVcWZYZÒcZYVhgZaVi^dcVa!]^hidg^XVaVcYXdcXZgcZYlî]^YZci^"
in!i]ZcVheVXZl]^X]XVccdiWZYZÒcZYVhgZaVi^dcVa!dg]^hidg^XVa!dg
XdcXZgcZYlî]^YZciînlâaWZVcdc"eaVXZ#Ç6j\&..*/,,",-6j\Éh
YZhXgêi^dcd[Vcdc"eaVXZVahdhjîhVcV^gedgi#
Cddi]ZgYZhXgêi^dc^hbdgZÒii^c\[dgVcV^gedgii]VcVcVgX]îZXijgVa
eVhhV\ZdgeVi]lVnWjâi[dgiZbedgVgnjhZgh!i]ZeVhhZc\Zgh#6a"
i]dj\]VgX]îZXijgZ^hkZgnbjX]^ckdakZY!VcV^gedgiXVchiâadcan
WZhZZcVhVeVhhV\Z#6^gedgiVgX]îZXijgZ^bea^ZhlVî^c\i^bZÄZ^"
i]Zgadc\dgh]dgi#BVgaV^cVGZVYhVnhi]ViÆi]ZV^gedgi^hVeaVXZi]Vi
hZgkZhidbdkZeZdeaZdci]Z^glVn!îYdZhcdiZm^hid[VcY[dgîhZa[!
Wji^chiZVYdcanVhVbZVchd[YZa^kZg^c\eZdeaZidi]Z^gYZhi^cVi^dc#
I]ZV^gedgi^hVeaVXZd[igVchî^dc0îYdZhcdicZZYidYZhXg^WZ]^hidgn
dgXjaijgZWZXVjhZcddcZ^hXdb^c\idVcV^gedgiidWZVii]ZV^gedgi#Ç
l ll#^ck^h^WaZXîn#dg\!'%%)#;gdbi]ZhZldgYhlZXVcXdcXajYZi]Vi
– 28 –
6j\ÉhldgYh^cYZZY^beani]ZV^gedgi#>i^hVcdc"eaVXZ#
>cV^gedgiadjc\Zh!i]ZeVgVYdmd[cdc"VXi^kîniV`^c\eaVXZ^cVcdc"eaVXZ
gZ^\ch#I]^h^hVeaVXZd[lVî^c\!Xdchjb^c\!dkZg"Xdbbjc^XVi^c\VcY
eVhh^c\i]gdj\]#I]ZbZbdgn^ci]ZV^gedgiadjc\Zh\dZhWVXìdi]Z
egZk^djh')]djghd[Ó^\]iVgg^kVahVcYYZeVgijgZh#=^hidgn^hcdiidWZ
[djcY^cVcV^gedgi0^chiZVYi]ZgZ^hVcZmXZhhd[^bV\Zh!XdbbZgXZ!
VcYheVXZ#I]ZV^gedgiWZXdbZhVcdc"eaVXZd[igVkZaX]VgVXiZgôZYWn
i]gZZÒ\jgZhd[ZmXZhh/ÆdkZgVWjcYVcXZd[ZkZcih!heVi^VadkZgVWjc"
YVcXZ!VcYi]Z^cY^k^YjVaôVi^dcd[gZ[ZgZcXZh#Ç6j\&..*/&%.
I]ZZm]^Wî^dcÆCdc"EaVXZhÇ^c++:Vhi^c6bhiZgYVbX jgVidg?VccV
7nhign`]h]dlZYe^XijgZh!eV^ci^c\hVcYVh^m"b^cjiZbdk^Z#6aad[
i]Zbh]dlZYVgX]îZXijgZlî]djijhZgh#6h^[cdWdYnlVcihida^kZ^c
cdc"eaVXZhdgcdc"eaVXZhVgZcdibZVciida^kZ^c#Ine^XVacdc"eaVXZhÄ
]diZah!h]dee^c\bVaah!V^gedgihÄVgZXdbbZgX^VaeaVXZhl]^X]Ydcdi
YZeZcYdc^YZciîn^cdgYZgidViigVXii]Z^gXjhidbZgh#I]Znd[iZcgZan
dcadXVi^dc!VXXZhh^WâîndgViigVXi^kZeg^XZh#Adjc\Zh^cV^gedgihVgZ
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i]Z^gh!Wji^bedhZYWni]ZX]ZX`"^cegdXZYjgZ#I]ZgZ[dgZ!>YdWZa^ZkZ
i]ViV^gedgiadjc\ZhVgZcdc"eaVXZh!lî]dglî]djieVhhZc\Zgh#CZk"
Zgi]ZaZhh!i]ZnVgZVahdi]ZdcanlVî^c\VgZVhdcZVgi]l]ZgZeZdeaZ
hZZbigjan]Veen#
=ZgZ>]VkZVgg^kZYViVXdcigVY^Xi^dc^ci]ZdgnVcYegVXi^XZ#L]ZciVa`"
^c\VWdjicdc"eaVXZh!>VXijVaangZ[Zgidi]ZZci^gZVWjcYVcXZd[i]Zb
^cidYVnÉhldgaY#7jil]Zci]ZhZZmXZhhZhVaaXdVaZhXZ^cVadjc\Z!]dl
^hîhiâaedhh^WaZ[dgi]dhZl]dlVîidgZaVm4LZ]VkZidadd`WVXìd
i]ZgZaVmVi^dcYZhXg^WZYZVga^Zg!i]ZjcVlVgZb^cjiZh!WZXVjhZd[i]Z
[jh^dcd[i]Zild]dgôdch#I]Z[jijg^hi^Xdgk^gijVak^h^dcVWdjii]Z
bdbZciVWdkZi]Z]dgôdcejihi]ZeVhhZc\ZgViZVhZVcY!VhVg\jZY
ZVga^Zg!bV`Zh]^bWZlâYZgZYWjicdiiZchZ#I]^hbZVchi]Vii]Zadhh
d[^YZciîn!dg^ZciVi^dcVcY[gZZYdbl]^X]XVcWZ[Zai^ci]Zadjc\Zh
^hdkZggjaZYWni]Z`cdlaZY\Zd[l]Via^Zh^ci]ZcZVg[jijgZ0iV`Z"d[[#
I]Vi[jijgZedhh^WâînXgZViZhVegZhZci^bZcihiZbb^c\[gdbV^gigVk"
Za0i]Z]Zgd^X[ZZa^c\d[bZZi^c\i]Z]dgôdc#I]ZhZZb^c\anjcgZVX]"
VWaZ]dgôdciVaa^cZ^hXgdhhZY!VcYkVc^h]ZhjcYZgi]ZXadjYh#Dcan
Zbei^cZhhgZbV^ch#
6aV^cYZ7diidclgdiZVWdjii]dj\]ihVcYk^ZlheZdeaZXVc]VkZl]âZÓn"
^c\#Æ6cYidi]^cì]ViVaaVadc\!]^YYZc[gdbdjgh^\]i!djga^kZhlZgZ
i]^hhbVaa/i]ZldgaYlZa^kZ^cWjiVabdhicZkZghZZ0i]ZlVnlZbjhi
VeeZVgidi]Z]Vl`VcYidi]Z\dYh#Ç9Z7diidc'%%(0e#)&>ceaVcZh!
lZVgZVabdhiidiVaanY^hXdccZXiZY[gdbZVgi]0i]ZXVeiV^c^hi]Zdcan
dcZ^cXdciVXilî]ZVgi]WngVYVgh^\cVah#LZVgZVWdkZi]ZXadjYh!
lî]addhZcZYhZViWZaih!^ci]Z]VcYhd[i]ZVk^Vi^dchnhiZb#Bdk^c\
[dglVgY^cXgZY^Wan[VhidkZg'%%%è]!XdcfjZg^c\\gVkînWn]jbVc
^ckZci^dchVcYigVkZa^c\lî]i]Zedhh^Wâînid\dWVX`dg[dglVgY^c
\adWVai^bZ#L]ZcVad[i!dcZeZgXZ^kZhheVXZVcYi^bZY^[[ZgZciani]Vc
dcZVgi]#I]Z[VXii]Vidi]Zgk^Zled^cihVcYeZgheZXi^kZhXVcWZhZZc
^ci]ZV^geaVcZ^hVagZVYnk^h^WaZ^ci]ZgZhiaZhhWdY^ZhWZ[dgZYZeVg"
ijgZ#:V\Zg[dgiV`Z"d[[!i]ZgZhiaZhhcZhhh]dlhcd]VhiZ!dcanZmXîZ"
bZci#>ci]ZV^gedgiadjc\ZhVY^hXdccZXi^dc[gdbZVgi]VcYîhhnhiZb
^hVagZVYnbVYZ#L]âZlVî^c\VcYWZ^c\XVeijgZY^ci]ZYZeVgijgZ
adjc\Z!i]Z^c"WZilZZckVXjjb!i]Zb^cY^hVagZVYnÓn^c\id[VgVlVn
VcYjc`cdlceaVXZh#
– 29 –
IM-MOBILAIR
I]ZbV^cfjZhi^dc^ci]^hZhhVnZbZg\ZYl]Zc>cdi^XZYi]Zgjh]
i]gdj\]ejWa^XheVXZVcYVahdi]gdj\]^ciZg^dga^k^c\heVXZh#>ldc"
YZgZYl]nlZhiâaiVa`VWdjidjgYdbZhi^X^ciZg^dghVhWZ^c\eg^kViZ!
VcY[dgl]VigZVhdcYdlZXdch^YZgi]ZYdbZhi^XZck^gdcbZciVXXdgY"
^c\idi]ZVbdjcid[i^bZheZci^cî4
I]Z^ciZg^dga^k^c\heVXZ]VhWZXdbZ_jhiVeVhhV\Z!VeVi]lVn[gdb
ZmiZg^dgidZmiZg^dg#Bdhid[i]Zi^bZlZheZcY^cdjgeg^kViZYdbV^c^h
lî]hZkZgVal^cYdlhdeZcidi]ZejWa^XheVXZ#6[iZglgî^c\i]^hZhhVn
>]VkZgZVX]ZYi]ZXdcXajh^dci]Vii]Zeg^kViZeaVXZh[gdbi]ZeVhi
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ejWa^X4
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eVgZciVcYhZb^"ejWa^XÄWZXVjhZd[i]ZbVcnl^cYdlh^ch^YZÄîhiâa
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i]gZZX]VgVXiZg^hi^Xhd[bdYZgca^[Z!^#Z#ZmeZg^ZcXZ!bdkZbZci!VcY
igVch[dgbVi^dc!ZmeaV^cl]ni]Z^ciZg^dg]VhWZXdbZVXgdhh^c\odcZ#
I]ZYdbZhi^X]VhiVeeZY^cidVcZmeZg^ZcXZ"g^X]ldgaY^cWZilZZc
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Zh!l^cYdlhiddi]ZgYdbV^chVcYbdWâZ[jgcîjgZ#8]VdhXVbZ^cid
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hdbZVYY^Xi"[gZZodcZhh]djaYgZbV^c#6YY^Xi"[gZZodcZhVgZodcZh
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[jgcîjgZVcY^ckZci^dch^hb^c^bVa#
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eZg^ZcXZVcYbdi^dcdghidei]dhZ[gdbZciZg^c\i]Z]djhZ#:kZgndcZ
XVcejh]i]ZWjiidcdgiV`Zi]ZgZbdiZXdcigdaidh]jiYdlci]Z^ceji
[gdbejWa^Xa^[Z#7jihiâa![dgi]ZlZV`VcYi]ZVYY^Xi!î^h]VgYidhjg"
gZcYZgidi]ZhâZcXZd[i]Z]djhZ#;dgi]dhZlZV`KG"igVkZaZgh!ZmeZg^"
ZcXZ"VYY^Xih!VcYheZZY"[gZV`h!hdaji^dch]VkZidWZ[djcY#>ckZci^dch
VcYYZh^\chbjhiÒcYlVnhid]^YZi]Zl^cYdlhVcYbV`ZîZVh^Zg[dg
i]Z^c]VWîVcihidbV^ciV^ci]VibdbZcid[igVchîlî]djiXdci^cj"
djhanh]^[i^c\ldgaYh#
6WdkZ>Vg\jZYi]Viî^h^bedhh^WaZidjceaj\eaVXZhlî]djih^\c"gZaViZY
^c[dgbVi^dc#EaVXZhXVccdiWZXjid[[[gdbbZY^V^ciZg[ZgZcXZhlî]"
dji^c[dgb^c\i]ZjhZghd[i]VieaVXZ#I]ZgZ[dgZ!^ciZg^dga^k^c\heVXZh!
dgViaZVhidcZVgZV^ch^YZi]Za^k^c\fjVgiZgh!bjhiWZgZYZh^\cZY[dg
h^bea^Xînl]âZ]^Y^c\XdbeaZmîn#9Zh^\c^c\^ciZg^dga^k^c\eaVXZh
l]ZgZ^c]VWîVcihXVcWgZVi]Zlî]djiXdchiVcihi^bja^#L]ZgZi]Z
dc\d^c\bdkZbZci[gdbi]Zdjih^YZ^hcZ\ViZYWZXVjhZYdlch]^[i"
^c\Wg^c\hdcZidVgZVaZcYed^ci#HiVcYhiâa^cigVchîYdZhcdi]VkZid
XVjhZ]^\]^ggîVi^dca^`ZlVî^c\!l]Zci]ZhZ^c"WZilZZcbdbZcih^c
i]ZeZghdcVaigVchîeaVXZh]VkZWZXdbZjcXdchX^djh#6c^c]VWîVci
h]djaY]VkZi]Zedhh^WâînidaZVcWVX`!lî]djiVcngdaZigVch[dgbV"
i^dc!WjiidigVch[dgbegZX^djhi^bZ^cjcVlVgZi^bZ!l]âZWZ^c\hjg"
gdjcYZYWnbdi^dc#
– 30 –
R EFER EN CES
6j\!BVgX!&..*!Cdc"eaVXZh#>cigdYjXi^dcidVc6ci]gdedad\nd[HjeZgbdYZgcîn!
AdcYdc/KZghd#
7adb!<^ccZiiZ!Eaj\\ZY$Jceaj\\ZY#I ]ZXdcXZei[dgi]Z[jhZYHeVXZVhh^\cbZci#
6i#lll#WadbdcilZgeZc#ca#
7diidc!YZ6aV^c!'%%(!I]Z6gid[IgVkZa!AdcYdc/EZc\j^c#
7gdjlZg!EZigV!&...!;dgb;daadlhA^[ZhinaZ!6bhiZgYVb/6gX]^h!&...$&&!e#&($&)#
>WZa^c\h!=Vch!&..*!HjeZgbdYZgc^hbZ!6gX]îZXijjg^c]ZiI^_YeZg`kVc
<adWVa^hZg^c\!GdiiZgYVb/CVÊjWa^h]Zgh#
?d]chdc!BVgÀ#!'%%'!6gX]îZXijgZVcYi]Z:bWdY^ZYB^cY!6bhiZgYVb/
D6H:*-!HJCEjWa^h]Zg#
@ZgX`]dkZ!YZEgd[#9g#9#&..+!<Z`deeZaYZ^ciZaa^\Zci^Z#9Zde`dbhikVcYZL:7
bVVihX]Vee^_!9Zc=VV\/Dg^\^c#
@addh!BVVgiZcBVVg!YZ7g^\îiZ!&..+!HX]ê]da6gX]îZXijgZ#>ccdkVi^kZ6^gedgi
9Zh^\c!6bhiZgYVb/6G86B^cXdc_jcXi^dclî]6gX]îZXijgVZcCVijgVegZhh#
AZcVZgih!?d]ccn#9ZI^_Y7ZldcZc!Villl#WjîZcYZdgYZ#ca#
GZVY!BVgaV^cV!'%%)!HiVgi^c\Ed^cihVcY9Zhi^cVi^dch!=dcdjghgZhZVgX]eVeZgVi
lll#^ck^h^WaZXîn#dg\#
H]ZZih"?d]chidcZ!&...!I]ZEg^bVXnd[BdkZbZci!
6bhiZgYVbE]âVYZae]^V/?d]c7Zc_Vb^chEjWa^h]^c\8d#
IZggZZ]dghi!EVja^cZ!&..,!AVc\oVbZHiVY!HcZaaZBZchZc#AZkZc^cZZc
>c[dgbVi^Zi^_YeZg`!6bhiZgYVb/KVc<ZccZe#
I]VX`VgV!?d]c!&..)!:Y\Z:[[ZXi!Adhi^cHeVXZd[;adlh!Vi
lll#Yddghd[eZgXZei^dc#Xdb
K^gâ^d!EVja#&..,DeZcH`n#CZlNdg`/KZghd#
– 31 –
=VcYkh#BdjhZ
CORINN WEILER
O P EN
I]ZÒghii]^c\dcZYdZh^ci]Zbdgc^c\bdhia^`Zan^ckdakZhi]Z
XdbejiZg#L]Zi]ZgîÉhX]ZX`^c\Z"bVâdgÒcY^c\VeVgicZgdca^cZ#
>i]VhWZXdbZVcVijgVagdji^cZ^cdjgZkZgnYVna^kZhidhîWZ]^cY
i]Zbdcîdg#I]^hiddaXdkZghVaaXViZ\dg^Zhd[VXi^kîn[gdbaZ^hjgZ
idldg`#CddcZbV^cejgedhZd[i]ZXdbejiZgZm^hih#6\gVe]^X
YZh^\cZgbVnjhZi]ZXdbejiZg[dgbV`^c\]^hYZh^\c!l]âZVbV"
g^cZW^dad\^hiXdjaYWZjh^c\îid^ceji]^hYViV#I]ZXdbejiZgVhV
iddaYdZhcdi]VkZVheZX^VaôZYÒZaYa^`Zi]ZeZdeaZhîi^c\WZ]^cY
î#>k^ZlîVhViddaWdm#I]ZdjiZghigjXijgZgZbV^chXdchiVci!
Wjil]Vi^h]ZaY^ch^YZkVg^Zh[gdbdlcZgiddlcZg#I]^h^hl]n
i]ZXdbejiZg]Vhfj^XànWZXdbZV[VbânbZbWZg!XdaaZV\jZ!VcY
[g^ZcYidbVcneZdeaZÅîÉhVXXZhh^WaZidZkZgndcZVcYîhjhZhVgZ
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I]gdj\]bnZmeadgVi^dcd[ign^c\idÒ\jgZdjil]ni]ZXdbejiZgeaVnh
hjX]VedlZg[jagdaZ^ci]ZYZh^\c^c\egdXZhh!>]VkZig^ZYidY^hXdkZg
îhhigZc\i]hVcYlZV`cZhhZh#>]VkZheZX^ÒXVaanXdcYjXiZYi]^hgZ"
hZVgX]^ci]ZgZVabd[\gVe]^XYZh^\cVcY]VkZXdbeVgZYîidegZk^djh
igVYî^dcVaVcVad\bZi]dYhd[YZh^\c!ZheZX^Vaani]Zeg^ci^c\egZhh#
>lVciid""h]VgZbnÒcY^c\hd[i]ZegdhVcYXdchd[i]Zldg`^c\egdX"
Zhh^ci]ZY^\îVa[dgbVcYi]ZVcVad\[dgb#>YZakZ^cid]dlYZh^\cZgh
k^Zli]ZY^[[ZgZcXZ^cegdXZhhi]gdj\]kVg^djhZaZbZcih#I]ZhZZaZ"
bZcihVgZY^k^YZY^cidi]gZZXViZ\dg^Zh/
^ iddah
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iii VXX^YZcih
=dlYdYZh^\cZghk^Zli]ZY^\îVaiddahi]VilZgZYZg^kZY[gdbi]ZVcVad\
iddaVcY]dlYdi]Zn^YZci^[nlî]i]Zb4L]ViineZd[Zk^YZcXZ^haZ[i
WZ]^cY^ci]ZildegdXZhhZh4;^cVaan!YdYZh^\cZghZbWgVXZVXX^YZcihdg
gZXd\côZi]ZbVhi]Zn]VeeZc^cWdi]^chiVcXZh4
6XXdgY^c\idEZiZg9dgbZg!ZYîdgd[i]Z8jaijgZd[8gV[i!i]ZgZVgZ^c"
\gZY^Zcihi]ViX]VgVXiZgôZbdYZgciZX]cdad\nhjX]Vh/
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ii Y^hig^Wji^dcd[`cdlaZY\Zi]gdj\]hnhiZbhVcYdg\VcôVi^dch
iii jW^fjînhVbZcZhh
H^bea^Xîn^ciZX]cdad\nVaadlhZkZgnjhZg[gdbbVg^cZW^dad\^hiid\gVe]^X
YZh^\cZgidXgZViZi]^c\hdci]ZXdbejiZg#>iiV`ZhY^[ÒXjaiegdXZYjgZh
VcYh^bea^ÒZhi]Zb[dgWgdVYjhV\Z#HnhiZbhVgZi]ZhZXdcY^c\gZY^"
Zci!YZVa^c\lî]egZ"YZh^\cZYiZbeaViZh#>ciZg[VXZhVcYiZbeaViZhVgZ
egZ"YZh^\cZYVcYiZhiZY[dgVcnWdYnid^cejii]Z^gdlc^c[dgbVi^dc0[dg
ZmVbeaZi]ZiZbeaViZ[dgWjh^cZhhXVgYh^c6YdWZ>aajhigVidg#JW^fjîn
gZ[ZghidVaagZhjaihadd`^c\i]ZhVbZ#6cnl]ZgZ^ci]ZldgaYeZdeaZ
XVcdeZcVcVeea^XVi^dcVcY]VkZh^bâVggZhjaih#9dgbZg/&)&"&)'>i
^hVg\jVWaZi]Vidi]ZgbZi]dYhd[YZh^\c^c\hjX]Vhi]ZaZiiZgegZhhdg
hâ`"hXgZZcVahdigVch[ZgjW^fjîdjhgZhjaih!Wjii]ZdjiXdbZ]VhVeg^dg!
bdgZXdbeaZmegdXZhhi]ViYdZhcdi^cXajYZÆh^bea^XînVcYVY^hig^Wj"
i^dcd[`cdlaZY\Zi]gdj\]hnhiZbhVcYdg\VcôVi^dchÇBngZhZVgX]
YdZhcdiYZc^\gViZXdbejiZgh!Wji^hgVi]ZgVcVcVanh^hd[i]ZY^[[ZgZcXZ
WZilZZcYZh^\c^c\dchXgZZcVcYYZh^\c^c\dceVeZg#
– 32 –
8aZVgVYkVciV\Zhd[i]ZXdbejiZg!hjX]Vhfj^X`cZhhVcYVXXjgVXn!bVn
]VkZgZeZgXjhh^dch#L]ViineZd[`cdlaZY\ZYddjgWdY^ZhadhZ[gdb
hîi^c\WZ]^cYi]Zbdcîdg46aWZgidEZgZo"<dbZo!9^gZXidgd[Edhi"
Egd[Zhh^dcVaEgd\gVbhViBX<âaJc^kZghînlgdiZ!Æ6iVbdgZeZghdcVa
aZkZa!lZgZXd\côZi]ViheZcY^c\Vaadjgi^bZ^c[gdcid[VXdbejiZg
hXgZZc]VhgZlVgYh!WjilZhjheZXii]ViîVahdXVgg^ZhVeg^XZ#LZadhZ
di]Zg`^cYhd[`cdlaZY\Z!jhjVaangZaViZYidi]ZWdYnVcYi]ZhZchZh!
di]ZgediZci^VahdjgXZhd[l^hYdb#ÇDVhZ/(-#L]Vi`cdlaZY\ZVgZ
djgÒc\Zghadh^c\Wni]ZgZeZiî^kZbdkZbZcihi]ZnbV`ZVcYl]Vi
`cdlaZY\ZYddjghZchZhadhZ!ZheZX^VaanidjX]VcYhbZaa4HdbZd[
i]ZcVijgVaXVeVWâî^Zhd[djgWdY^Zh!hZchZh^ceVgi^XjaVg!]VkZWZZc
ÆcjbWZYdgVbejiViZYÇ!Vh6g_ZcBjaYZg!Vji]dgd[JcYZghiVcY^c\BZY^V
I]Zdgn!gZ[Zghidî!Wni]ZWadld[XdbejiZgh#I]Z^ciZgVXi^dcd[kVg^djh
bViZg^VahVXi^kViZhi]ZhZchZh!l]^X]WZXdbZVabdhiYdgbVcil]âZ
egdYjX^c\Y^\îVaan#L]n^hi]^h^bedgiVci!idWZVWaZidhbZaai]Z^c`!
[dgZmVbeaZ4I]ZgZVgZaîiaZZmeZg^ZcXZhVcYhXZcVg^dhdXXjgg^c\Vi
ZkZgnhiV\Zd[egdYjXi^dci]ViVgZheVg`ZYYjZidi]ZjhZd[bViZg^Vah#
9dZhi]ZXdbejiZggdWjhd[i]ZhZZmeZg^ZcXZh!dgVgZi]ZngZeaVXZYWn
di]ZgZmeZg^ZcXZh4
W H AT IS CR A F T
IdZajX^YViZi]ZY^[[ZgZcXZWZilZZc]VcYbVYZldg`VcYY^\îValdg`!
>ldjaYa^`ZidZhiVWa^h]VhbjX]Vhedhh^WaZl]ViXgV[i^c\$]VcYbVYZ
gZVaanbZVch#I]ZgZ^hcdÒmZYYZÒcî^dcd[i]ZiZgbWjii]ZZm^hi^c\
YZÒcî^dchhZZbidXVggni]Zh^bâVgbZhhV\Zh#I]Z6gihVcY8gV[ih
BdkZbZcii]ViWZ\Vc^ci]Z&-'%hgZbV^chVbâZhidcZ[dgl]Vi^YZVah
VcYZaZbZcihXgV[ih]daY#I]Z\dY[Vi]Zgd[i]Z6gihVcY8gV[ihBdkZ"
bZci!Lâa^VbBdgg^h!YZhXg^WZhîVhÆLdg`lî]djiY^k^h^dcd[aV"
WdjgÇE nZ/&'#9Vk^YEnZ!Vji]dgd[I]ZCVijgZVcY6gid[Ldg`bVch]ê!
XdbbZcihdcBdgg^hÉZmeaVcVi^dci]ViZm^hiZY^ci]ZbZY^ZkVaeZg^dY!
ÆI]Zldg`bVcldg`ZY[dg]^bhZa[VcYcdi[dgVcnXVeîVa^hi^XZbeadn"
ZgVcY]ZlVhVXXdgY^c\anbVhiZgd[]^hldg`VcY]^hi^bZ#I]^hlVh
VeZg^dYd[ejgZ]VcY^XgV[i#ÇE nZ/&'Bdgg^hlVhVhigdc\WZa^ZkZg^c
i]Vil]ViZkZgldg`dcZeZg[dgbh!i]ZYji^ZhVgdjcYi]ViiVh`VgZVahd
VgZhedch^Wâînd[i]ZbV`Zg#
NZiVcdi]ZglVnidYZiZgb^cZl]ViXgV[i^ha^Zh^ci]ZedejaVgbZVc^c\
VahdXdcig^WjiZYWnEnZ#ÆI]ZZhhZci^Va^YZV^hi]Vii]ZfjVaînd[i]Z
gZhjai^hXdci^cjVaanVig^h`Yjg^c\i]ZegdXZhhd[bV`^c\0VcYhd>h]Vaa
XVaai]^h`^cYd[ldg`bVch]êÈi]Zldg`bVch]êd[g^h`É/VcjcXdji]
e]gVhZ!WjiViaZVhiYZhXgêi^kZ#ÇE nZ/)6adc\lî]Æi]Zldg`bVch]ê
d[g^h`Ç!Æi]Zldg`bVch]êd[XZgiV^cinÇZm^hihVhlZaa#ÆLdg`bVch]ê
d[g^h`ÇbZVchcdi]Vk^c\VhZieZgbVcZcigZhjaiWjiZmeZg^ZcX^c\Xdc"
i^cjVag^hì]gdj\]djii]ZegdXZhh#>igZaViZhidi]ZYZÒc^c\bdbZci!
i]Zed^cid[cdgZijgc#DcXZVbVg`dgXji^hbVYZ!îZm^hih[dgZkZg!
l]ZgZVhdci]ZXdbejiZgdcZXVcValVnh\dWVX`#>cÆi]Zldg`bVc"
h]êd[XZgiV^cinÇZkZgnegdXZhh^hegZYZiZgb^cZYVcYi]ZdjiXdbZ^h
cdi^ci]Z]VcYhd[i]ZYZh^\cZg#>i^hWVhZYdcVbdgZXVeîVa^hi^Xcd"
i^dcd[ÆfjVciînegdYjXi^dc#Ç;dgbZVaad[i]ZhZYZÒcî^dchVgZkVa^Y#
>hZZXgV[i^c\$]VcYbVYZVhi]ZVXid[]Vk^c\gZhjaihi]gdj\]VegdXZhh
l]ZgZi]ZYZh^\cZg^hheZX^VaôZY^cVXZgiV^ch`âa#I]ZfjVaînd[h`âa
gZVX]Zh[VgWZndcYVc^cY^k^YjVai]Vi]Vhi]ZhVbZdeedgijcînidjhZ
i]Ziddah^ckdakZYWjicdiVii]ZaZkZai]Vii]ZYZh^\cZg^hjh^c\i]Zb#
I]dj\]>WZa^ZkZheZX^VaôZYh`âa^hi]Z\dVa![gdbbnZmeZg^ZcXZî
XVcVahdWZkVa^YVhVhijYZciaZVgc^c\VXgV[ihjX]Vhi]ZaZiiZgegZhh#
– 33 –
IS T H E CO M P U T ER A CR A F T?
>hcÉiVYZh^\cZgl]d^hkZgn[Vbâ^Vglî]i]Zhd[ilVgZVcYl]dXVc
YZbVcYVcni]^c\edhh^WaZ[gdbi]VibVX]^cZVXgV[iZg4>XdbeVgZî
idVXVgeZciZgi]ViXVcbVcZjkZg]^hX]^hZaVh^[îlVhVcdi]Zga^bWVi"
iVX]ZYidi]ZWdYn#6gZcÉiWdi]^cXdcigdad[i]Ziddai]ZnVgZjiâô^c\4
HeZX^VaZ[[ZXihYZh^\cZg<jn9nVhY^hV\gZZhlî]i]^hVg\jbZci#=ZhVnh
i]Vi!ÆJh^c\i]ZXdbejiZg^hcdiVXgV[i^cîhZa[!î^hVjiâôVi^dcd[
Vidda!cdbViiZg]dlXgZVi^kZi]ZdjiXdbZ0i]ZgZVah`âa^cjiâô^c\
i]Viidda^hYZg^kZY[gdbigVYî^dcVaYZh^\c`cdlaZY\Z#Ç9dgbZg/&,,
9nVhbV`Zhi]ZY^hi^cXi^dci]Vii]ZXdbejiZgXVccdiWZXdch^YZgZY
VXgV[iWZXVjhZi]Zdg^\^cVaVcVad\[dgbd[i]ViiddaadhibjX]d[îh
bZVc^c\V[iZgZciZg^c\i]ZY^\îValdgaY#I]ZgZ^hcdXdggZaVi^kZVXi^dc
[dgjh^c\gZVahX^hhdghidi]ZXji[jcXi^dc^cE]didh]de![dgZmVbeaZ#
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d[ViVXiâZdge]nh^XVaZcXdjciZglî]bViZg^VahVhi]ZWVh^h[dgYZX^"
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Zkdaji^dcd[iZX]cdad\n#7Z[dgZi]ZZVgan'%i]XZcijgn!YZh^\cZghlZgZ
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WajZ"XdaaVgldg`Zgh!VhCdgbVcEdiiZggZ[Zghidi]Zb^cL]Vi^hV9Z"
h^\cZg#EdiiZg++H^cXZY^\îVaôVi^dcîhZZbhi]Vii]ZhiVijhd[YZh^\c"
– 34 –
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TOO LS
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– 35 –
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VgZ_jhihdbZd[i]Z[ZlZmigVYZiVâhi]VilZYdcdigZVaôZVhbjX] • 10 minutes of digital action (1)
– 36 –
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E V I D EN CE
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bZi]dYZbWdY^ZhîhdlcX]VgVXiZg^hi^Xhi]ViYdcdiigVch[Zg!l]^X]
Y^kZgh^[ni]Zb#
– 37 –
L]Vi`^cYd[Zk^YZcXZ^hadhi^ci]ZY^\îVa[dgbd[i]ZVcVad\idda4I]Z
XdbejiZgh]dlhcdZk^YZcXZd[^c`gjcc^c\djidgVeZcXâWZXdb"
^c\Yjaa0i]^h^hi]ZcVijgZd[Y^\îVaiddah#I]ZhZiddahVgZa^bîaZhh
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M IS TA KES
=dlVgZb^hiV`ZhYZVailî]Y^\îVaanVcYcdc"Y^\îVaan49dlZgZXd\"
côZl]ZclZZmeZg^ZcXZi]ZbdgYdlZVjidbVi^XVaanY^hb^hhi]Zb4
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ZY#>ia^ZhbdgZ^ci]Z]VcYhd[i]ZYZh^\cZgi]Vci]ZbZX]Vc^Xh#
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cVg^dhi]ViXVcdXXjg#D[iZci^bZhi]ZhZineZhd[i]^c\hVgZcdih]dlc#
• 10 minutes of digital action (2)

– 38 –
B O DY
9^\îVaYZh^\c^haZhhbViZg^Va"dg^ZciZYi]VcVcVad\YZh^\c!l]^X]
bV`Zhî]VgYZg[dgi]ZjhZgid^YZci^[nlî]i]Ziddahi]ZnjhZ#I]^h
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]^cY#

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^Xh!cdiZh!Æ9dlZcZZYidhZZdjg]VcYhid`cdll]Vii]ZnÉgZYd^c\4Ç
BX8adjY/(,DgYdlZjcYZghiVcYbdgZVWdjil]VilZVgZYd^c\
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adhde]Zg<Vhidc7VX]ZaVgYhVnh!Æ>i]ZaehjhjcYZghiVcYi]Z^ccZgbdhi
ZhhZcXZd[bViiZg#I]Vi^hl]nîVahd]Zaehjh^bV\Z[dgbhd[bViiZg#Ç
DVhZ/'.
– 39 –
NZh!i]ZXdbejiZg^hVcZmiZch^dcd[djgWdYnWjibdgZhd!VcZmZXji^dc
d[djgXdcXZeih#6h^cYg^k^c\VXVg!i]ZWVaVcXZd[VXi^kîn[gdbb^cY
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i]ZbViZg^VagZbV^chi]ZhVbZcdbViiZgl]VidcZ^hYd^c\lî]^ci]Z
XdbejiZg#
I N CLOS I N G
LZVgZa^k^c\^ci]ZZaZXigdc^XV\Zl]ZgZXdbejiZghlâagZbV^cYdb^"
cVci#Cdli]ZfjZhi^dc^h]dlXVci]ZY^\îVaiddaWZXdbZbdgZZb"
WdY^ZYVcY\^kZjhbdgZkVg^Zinlî]^ci]Zidda4DglâaîgZbV^c
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hiV\Zh^cidi]gZZhZXi^dch/
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EgZeVgVi^dc]VhidYdlî]Vaai]ZegZa^b^cVgneaVcc^c\i]VidXXjghWZ[dgZ
Veean^c\îidi]ZbZY^jb#EgdYjXi^dc^hVXijVaanVeean^c\i]ZbZ"
Y^jb#;^cVaan!ZmZXji^dc^hejii^c\djii]Zldg`^ci]ZbZY^jbi]Vi
îlâaWZegZhZciZY^c#L]ZcdcZldg`hbVcjVaan!i]ZhiV\ZhdkZgaVe
ZVX]di]ZgVcYi]ZbViZg^VahVcYiddahVgZVXi^kZ^cZVX]hiV\Z#9^\"
îVaan!ZVX]hiV\Z^hkZgnYZÒcZYVcYhZeVgViZl]Zci]ZbZY^jb^h
^ceg^ci#I]ZiddahVcYbViZg^Vah`ZZei]Z^g[jcXi^dclî]^cVh^c\aZ
hiV\Z#I]Z[VXii]ViZVX]hiZed[i]ZegdXZhh^cY^\îVaYZh^\chiVnhgZ"
bdiZVhdeedhZYidbVcjVabZi]dYhegdkZhi]Viî^hcdiVXgV[i# • • 10 minutes of digital action (3)
– 40 –
AZii:ggdg9jiX]ineZYZh^\cZgh!^cXajY^c\:g^`kVc7adXàVcYVcY?jhikVc
Gdhhjb!XVchZZWZndcYi]^h#I]Zn]VkZjiâôZYi]ZY^\îVa^ciZg[VXZid
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lî]i]Z^gegd\gVbb^c\XVeVWâî^Zh#DcZd[i]Z^gbdhi^ccdkVi^kZXgZ"
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ZcianZVX]i^bZîXdbZhdjid[i]Zeg^ciZghdi]ViZVX]eg^ci^hjc^fjZ#
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AZii:ggdg]VhWgdj\]iWVXì]Z`cdlaZY\ZVWdjiiddahi]Vi]VhY^b^c"
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hiâab^hh^c\#
9Zh^\cZgh^ci]^hZaZXigdc^XV\ZYdcÉigZVaôZi]ZaVX`d[Ve]nh^XVaZmeZg^"
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– 41 –
R EFER EN CES
Ve]^Y#dg\#I]ZLdg`d[6gi^ci]Z6\Zd[9^\îVaGZegdYjXi^dc#>ciZgcZi
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BXAj]Vc!BVgh]Vaa'%%*#JcWdjcYEgd_ZXi#8dgiZBVYZgV!86/<^c`dEgZhh!>cX#
BjaYZg!6g_Zc'%%)#JcYZghiVcY^c\BZY^VI]Zdgn/AVc\jV\Z!>bV\Z!HdjcY!
7Z]Vk^dg#GdiiZgYVb!CZi]ZgaVcYh/K'"EjWa^h]^c\$C6ÊjWa^h]Zgh'%%)
CVnadg!<âa^Vc&.,&#I]Z6gihVcY8gV[ihBdkZbZci#<gZVi7gîV^c/HijY^dK^hiV
EjWa^h]Zgh
D6H:6gX]îZXijgVa?djgcVa!HjbbZg'%%'*-#ÆHJCÇ#
EdiiZg!CdgbVc'%%'#L]Vi^hV9Zh^\cZg/i]^c\h#eaVXZh#bZhhV\Zh#AdcYdc/
=ne]ZcEgZhh
EnZ!9Vk^Y&.+-!I]ZCVijgZVcY6gid[Ldg`bVch]ê#AdcYdc/8VbWg^Y\Z
Jc^kZghînEgZhh
– 42 –
gZhZVgX]gZedgih
>cîhBVhiZghÉegd\gVbh!i]ZJigZX]iHX]ddad[K^hjVa6giVcY
9Zh^\c^ciZcYhidXgZViZVY^hi^cXicVi^dcVaVcY^ciZgcVi^dcVaegd"
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d[gZhZVgX]VcYZmeadgVi^dc!i]Z9ZeVgibZcid[K^hjVa6giVcY9Z"
h^\c]VhgZXZcianZhiVWa^h]ZYVegd[Zhhdgh]ê^c6gi^hi^XGZhZVgX]#
I]Zegd[Zhhdgh]êlâaYZkZadeGZhZVgX]9ZkZadebZciVXi^kî^Zh!
l]ZgZi]ZXgZVi^dcd[Y^YVXi^XhigViZ\^Zh[dgVgZhZVgX]ViiîjYZ^c
Wdi]7VX]ZadghÉVcYBVhiZghÉYZ\gZZegd\gVbh!VcYi]ZheZX^ÒXîn
d[Vgi^hi^XgZhZVgX]VhV[dgbd[`cdlaZY\ZegdYjXi^dcVgZVaaXdgZ
\dVah#
>ci]^hXdciZmi!i]Zegd[Zhhdgh]ê]VhgZXZcianWZZc^ckdakZY^chZii^c\
jeÒZaYbZZi^c\h^ci]ZYdbV^chd[[Vh]^dcVcYheVi^VaYZh^\c#>c
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d[VgZhZVgX]ViiîjYZ^ci]ZVgZVd[[Vh]^dc#6YYî^dcVaide^XhVY"
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>c'%%'!i]ZnZVg?dhZIZjc^hhZcWZ\VcVhVEgd[Zhhdgd[;Vh]^dc9Zh^\c!
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YZkZadeZYYdbV^c#>[[Vh]^dci]ZdgnlVhVide^XViVaa!îiZcYZYidWZ
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gZhZVgX]!bVcnVXi^dch]VYidWZjcYZgiV`Zc#;^ghid[Vaa!IZjc^hhZcÉh
YZeVgibZcid[[Vh]^dci]ZdgnhiVgiZYiddg\VcôZVnZVgan^ciZgcVi^dcVa
hnbedh^jb[dXjhZYdci]ZdgnegdYjXi^dc^ci]ZÒZaYd[[Vh]^dc!l]âZ
^cXajY^c\VhZg^Zhd[XdbeaZmVcYXjggZcii]ZbZh^ci]Zk^hjVa!Xja"
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lî]VkVg^Zind[ide^Xh#;dgZmVbeaZ!i]Z^hhjZd[^YZVa[dgbhd[[Zb^"
c^cînVcYi]ZVlVgZcZhhi]Vi!i]ZgZ[dgZ!VXaVhh^X!hZb^di^XXdchigjX"
i^dc^hcdadc\ZgVYZeVgijgZed^ci[dgide^XVa[Vh]^dcYZh^\cZghhjX]Vh
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i]ZbZXdbW^cZYi]Z\adWVa[Vh]^dc$adXVaigVYî^dclî]VcZm]^W^"
i^dc^ci]ZJigZX]i8ZcigVaBjhZjb!l]ZgZldg`hWn[Vh]^dcYZh^\c"
ZghhjX]VhK^k^ZccZLZhilddY!?d]c<Vaa^Vcd!=jhhZ^c8]VaVnVc!VcY
7ZgcVgYLâ]ZablZgZh]dlc#=dlZkZg![dg[Vh]^dcidWZXdbZZci^gZan
aVjcX]ZY^cidi]ZYdbV^cd[^ciZaaZXijVagZÓZXi^dc!VcVYYî^dcVa!higV"
iZ\^XVXi^dclVhcZZYZY/i]ZXdbeâVi^dcd[VgZ[ZgZcXZWdd`[dg[Vh]^dc
ZmeVcY^c\jedcîhbZi]dYdad\^XVaeZgheZXi^kZh#
>c'%%+!I]ZEdlZgd[;Vh]^dc?dhZIZjc^hhZc!ZYîdglVhejWa^h]ZY!ejii^c\
[dglVgYkVg^djheZgheZXi^kZhdci]Ze]ZcdbZcdcd[[Vh]^dcl]âZ
– 43 –
^ckdak^c\ÒZaYhhjX]VhVci]gdedad\n!hZb^di^Xh!bVg`Zi^c\!VcYi]Z
]^hidgnd[XdhijbZh!iVXàZYWnVji]dghhjX]VhIZYEda]Zbjh!9^g`
AVjlVZgi!EVig^X^V8VaZ[Vid!VcY8]g^hIdlchZcY#I]ZWddègdkZYV]î
^c\gVYjViZ[Vh]^dcegd\gVbh#I]ZdgZi^XVaXjgg^XjaVWVhZYdci]Z)&+
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gZhZVgX]ViiîjYZ#
=dlYdi]ZhZYZkZadebZcihVii]ZBVhiZghÉaZkZa^cÓjZcXZegZk^djhaZkZah
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eaZbZciZY^ci]ZWVh^X[Vh]^dcegd\gVbhVcYi]Z^gXjgg^XjaVhdi]Vi
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ijgVaXdciZmid[i]ZÒZaYd[[Vh]^dc!hijYZcihh]djaYÒghiWZZmedhZYid
Vgi]^hidgn!XjaijgVa]^hidgn!]^hidgnd[hinaZh!]^hidgnd[XdhijbZh!VcY
e]âdhde]nViV7VX]ZadghÉaZkZa#>ci]ZXdjghZd[i]Z7VX]Zadgd[6gih
egd\gVb!hijYZcihh]djaYi]ZcWZY^gZXiZYidlVgYhVegd\gVbl]ZgZ
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hZVgX]#6[iZgi]Vih]^[idXXjgh!XdcXZeijVa[gVbZldg`h[dXjhZYdci]Z
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eg^hZVhZb^cVgl]ZgZide^XVaegd[Zhh^dcVabV\Vo^cZhhjX]Vh;Vh]^dc
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^YZVaZYjXVi^dcVahîjVi^dc!hjX]egd\gVbhXdjaYWZXdbedhZY^cXda"
aVWdgVi^kZldg`h]dehZmeadg^c\Wdi]i]ZdgnVcYegVXi^XZ!Zc]VcX^c\
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VcY^ciZgb^c\aZ#HjX]egd\gVbhXdjaYgZhjai^ci]ZVXi^kînd[[Vh]^dc
YZh^\cZghVahdWZ^c\jcYZghiddYVhVgZÓZXi^kZegVXi^XZ#
B I B LI OGR A P H I CA L N OT E
IZjc^hhZc!?dhZZY#!'%%+!I]ZEdlZgd[;Vh]^dc/6Wdji9Zh^\cVcYBZVc^c\!
I^Zai/AVccdd#
– 44 –
GZedgi[gdbi]ZHeVi^Va9Zh^\c;^ZaY
BZZi^c\6egâ'%%,
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^c\ilZcin"dYYgZegZhZciVi^kZh[gdbi]ZÒZaYd[^ciZg^dgYZh^\c
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HjX]VX]Vc\Z^ci]Zegd[Zhh^dcVahîjVi^dca^`Zl^hZZciVâhheVi^VaYZh^\c"
ZghcZZY^c\cdkZah`âahVcY^ch^\]ih#=dlh]djaY\ gVYjViZegd\gVbh
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b^hh^dchîjVi^dchZZbhidYZbVcYi]VieVgi^XêVcihedhhZhhh`âah
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d[ZYjXVi^dcVaegd\gVbh#
– 45 –
GZhZVgX]Egd_ZXi/H=:AI:G%,
I]Z;gZZYdbd[EjWa^X6gi^c
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– 47 –

• Tiong Ang
•• Ginette Blom
••• Jeanne van Heeswijk/ Boris van Berkum
•••• Job Koelewijn

– 48 –
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3

• Presentation Gabriël Lester

ALBERT VAN DER SCHOOT

• Euclid’s division in extreme and mean ratio.

• Leonardo da Vinci’s illustration of the open

LE FR ES N OY, TOU RCO I N G , FR A N CE

B OUN DA R I ES , B O R D ER ZO N ES , DOO RS A N D T R ES H O LDS

D E VO I D O F I M AGI N AT I O N O R E XP ER I EN CE- R I CH DU LLN ES S ?

P ERCEI V I N G S PACE T H ROUGH M OV EM EN T

• 10 minutes of digital action (2)

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