VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE [Central Technological Institute, Maharashtea State] Matunga, Mumbai-400 019 SEMESTER EXAMINATION S6- Api) 291° DATE OF BXAM 5)sheis SEMESTER & PROGRAM = VI/T.¥.B. Tech TIME 9°30 ~ 2:30 (Eléctronies) TIME ALLOWED 3 HRS. MARKS 100 COURSE (CourseCode) Image Processing Instructions 4, All questions carry equal marks. 2. Figures to the right indicate full marks. Q.1 a. State & prove separability property of DFT b. Explain structure of human eye. Hence explain image formation in the human eye What is segmentation? Explain any one method of segmentation a2 Perform noise smoothening using mean / average filter for the following 3x3 image 12 2 fo #4 11 2 b. Consider following 4x4 grey scale image with 3-bit quanti below wourn Perform the following operations: |. Digital negative il. LSB & MSB bit plan slicing Ul. Plot histogram 'V.Thresholding with T=4 Q3 a. What do you mean by Unitary transform? Show that 4x4 DFT transformation matrix represents unitary transform b. Obtain 2-D DFT of the following image using DIT-FFT algorithm- Q.4 a. Explain discrete cosine transform. Hence obtain discrete cosine transform of the following 4x4 image fae bite b, Explain Hotelling transform Qs Solve any two Explain Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transform Explain JPEG compression scheme Explain sampling and quantization for obtaining digital image Explain Point, line and edge detection 05 05 10 10 08 20VEERMATA JIJABA! TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE [Central Technological institute, Maharashtra State] Matunga, Mumbai - 400019 End Semester Examination: May-2012 Date of Exam: 18/05/12 ‘Semester & Programme: VI Sem, B.Tech. Electronics ‘Max. Marks: 100 Course: Image Processing (Elective) Duration: 3 Hours {0930Hrs to 1230Hrs] All Questions are Compulsory. Figures to the right indicate full marks. Q1 Answer the following. 20 a In photo studio, umbrella style frontal reflector is used, how is it related to basic image formation process mathematically? b Propose an algorithm based on binary morphology to make a 2D image appear as 3D image. Clearly state the morphological operations involved and details of structuring element. (Output image is allowed to contain grey levels other than 0 & 1) ¢ Discuss the utility of hysteresis thresholding and non-maxima suppression in Canny detector. d Discuss the issues to be noted about accumulator cell array during line fitting using Hough transform Q2 a What is histogram equalization? Derive the necessary mathematical 10 equation for histogram equalization, Hence perform histogram equalization on given histogram and plot the same. ofi1[2]314 75 |6]7 aa | 17 [2st [63 | 335 [2992 | b Apply KL transform on following vector set X and find the transformed set 10 Y. Obtain the original set using 2 different A values by inverse KL x=( 3.41" (4,3), 14,41", (4,8]") In what sense KL transform Is optimal? Q3 a The basic approach used to approximate a discrete derivative involves 10 taking differences of the form f(x+1,y) —-f(xy). Obtain the filter transfer function H(u,v) for performing the equivalent process in frequency domain. Prove that H(u,v) is a highpass filter b Compare box filter, weighted average filter, Sobel & Laplacian masks for 10 different applications, Q4 a Find 2D Fourier transform of image A, find Fourier magnitude and phase 10 of image B using properties not otherwise. Comment of results fr) 20 Tals) ® 513 b Ifa vector x=[xy x2 xe] is given by the linear combination of the orthogonal 5 basis vectors p.u+a.v4r.w, where U=[us Uz Us", V=[vi V2 Vs)! and w=[W1 Wa Wo)". Write the equations for p, q and r in terms of x, u, v & w. c Discuss the principle of quadtree based region segmentation. 5 PTOQ5 a For the given image, i) Find negative of the image il) Find histogram, il) Find threshold for segmentation, iv) Segment the image with calculated threshold in (ii), redraw the image after segmentation. 2]2[7 14) 3/2) 8|7 [7 e[5it 3[717 b Discuss valley analysis for unimodal histogram in segmentation. What is the disadvantage of this method? ¢ Find Fourier transform of signum function x(t) x(Q) =-1 for tt Uisd=tma rovims Z a @ Rove |p} 2500hm 1, Explain the working of FET Voltmeter. 4) 2. Explain working of Duat Slope type DVM. (6) 4. Explain Universal counter frequency mater. (4) 2. Explain principle and working of Successive Aproximation type DVM. (6) 1. Describe the principle and working of Amplifier Rectifier type Frequency (5) meter, 2. Explain Digital readout oscilloscope. (8) With neat block diagram explain working of CRO, (40) 4. Explain the working of Sampling Oscilloscope. (5) 2. Explain balanced modulator type phase meter. ©) Describe how Spot Wheel method is used for frequency and phase (10) measurement, 1, Explain working of Wein-Bridge Oscillator. (5) 2. Find the value of self capacitance of a coll when the following (5) measurements are made. At frequency f1= 1MHz, the tuning capacitor is set at 500pF, When frequency is increased to 2MHz, the tuning capacitor is tuned at 410pF. Also calculate the value of inductance(l.). 4, Explain the measurement of Characteristic impedance(Zo) of a (5) transmission line using Q-meter 2. Describe the working of Function generator. Co}VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE {Central Technological Institute, Maharashtra State] Matunga, Mumbai-400 019 SEMESTER EXAMINATION End Semester Test pareor exam 29/04] 2018 SEMESTER & PROGRAM — VI T.¥.B.Tech. (EQ) TIME 8!Z0~12180 pry TIME ALLOWED SHR MARKS 100 COURSE (CourseCode) = Electronic Measuring Inst ments(EC0310) Insicsions 1. All questions carry equal mari. 2. Figures tothe night incest fli marks at ‘Write notes on: (20) 4, Three and half digit digital voltmeter. 2. R2R Ladder type DAC. 3. Digital phase meter. 4. Large impedance measurement using Q-meter. 5. FET Voltmeter. Q2 a). 4. Two different voltmeters are used to measure the voltage across (8) resistor Ry in the circuit. Find which voltmeter will read the accurate values of voltage across Re. Both the meters are used on the 10 V range. The full scale deflection current of Meter A and Meter B are imA and 0.05mA respectively. 40Vv Rb=4K 2. Explain AC Voltmeter using rectifiers. (6) b}. 4. Explain working of Successive ‘Approximation type DVM (8) 2. Describe the principle and working of digital Frequency meter using (5) flip-flop. 3 a). 1. Explain Universal counter frequency meter. 6) 2. Explain balanced modulator type phase meter 6) b). With neat block diagram explain the working of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope. (10) Q4 a). 1. Explain the working of Analog storage oscilloscope. 6) 2. Explain Digital readout oscilloscope. (5) b). Describe how Lissajous pattom is used for frequency and phase (10) measurement. 5 a). 4. Measure Characteristic impedance ‘of a transmission line using Q- (5) meter 2, Compute the value of self capacitance of a coil when the following (5) measurements are made, Al frequency {1= 2MHz, the tuning capacitor ig sot at 450pF. When frequency is increased to 5MHz, the tuning capacitor is tuned at 60 pF. Find inductance(L) also. 7 b). 4. Explain working of Weln-Bridge Oscillator, (8) 2. Explain block diagram of Function generator (6)VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE [Central Tochnological Institute, Maharashtra State] Matunga, Mumbai-400 019 SEMESTER EXAMINATION End Semester Examinations DATE OF EXAM: 07/08/2012 MAY 2012 SEMESTER & PROGRAM SEM-V1, TIME: 9:30AM to 12:30PM T. YB. Tech (Electronics) ‘TIME ALLOWED 03 Hrs. MARKS: 100 COURSE (Course Code) Electronics Measuring Instruments (EC0310) {Instructions 41, Figures to the right indicate full marks. 2, Assume suitable data wherever necessary. 3. Support your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary. Qa Attempt following: [20] A. State the effect if signal to be observed is applied to ¥ as well as X-section of CRO, [10] afier selecting XY mode, along with suitable waveforms. Is it possible to view two waveforms simultaneously on single CRT seréen using only one electron gun? Justify your opinion. B. Explain Ratio meter type DVM. [10) Q. Attempt any two: [20] Give a significance of Delay Line, Trigger Circuit and Sweep circuit in CRO, [10} B. How Phase difference is measured using addition method along with FET? [10) C. Draw and Explain frequency synthesized signal generator. {10} Qs. Attempt any Two: [20] A. Explain phase measurement with Flip Flop method state its advantages. (10) B. Explain True RMS Voltmeter. (10) C, Compare R-2R ladder and binary weighted DAC. What will be output of 4-bit R-2R [10] DAC if input is 100 and Vref = -10V or Attempt any Two: (20) ‘A. Draw and explain Dual slope type DVM. {10} B. Draw and explain practical FET voltmeter. _ [10) C. How actual Q value is affected with stray capacitance? Explain it with suitable circuit. {10} How to calculate %Error in Q value? Qs. Attempt any Two: P20) ‘A. Explain effect of Ry on actual value of Q, Derive its formula, Comment what should [10] be the value of Rar and why? Give appropriate circuitry, B, Write Short Notes on ‘significance of Q-Meter’. cf ty) C. Give significance of stray capacitance and give 4 mechanism to identify and to (10) ‘measure unknown impedance using parallel conneetion type Q-meter i KrVEERMATA JIJABA! TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE [Central Technological Institute, Maharashtra State) Matunga, Mumbai-400 019 SEMESTER & (Sem:-V) & DATE OF EXAM: 28 /\02015 EXAMINIATION PROGRAM T.Y.B.tech (Electronics) TIME: 4:30 4220pm, COURSE (Course Code) Electromagnetic Wave Propagation MARKS 100 (EC0301) Instructions All questions are compulsory & answers should be written in group. Marks for each question are given on the RHS. Only important points will be consider Solve numerical problems upto three decimal points Q.1 (a) Determine the frequency of radiation, if electric flux detached from dipole (2) antenna at 15cm also mentions type of transmission line used to feed antenna. {b) The finite sheet 0 OY -4 6)S~ MARKS 100 All questions are compulsory. Marks for each question are given on the RHS. Assume suitable data where necessary Derive algorithm of DIF-FFT and hence find DFT of x(n)=f 1,2,1,2,0,2,1,2] 40 Find DFT of x(n) =[1,2,3,4,5,6] using DIT 40 A third order FIR filter has magnitude zero at w=n/3 and unity at w=0. Find the 8 poles and zeros, Obtain transfer function, A digital filter has frequency specifications as: pass band frequency w,=0.2mand 12 stop band frequency we=0.3n. What are corresponding specifications for passband and stopband frequencies in analog domain if, (@ Impulse invariance technique and (ii) Bilinear transformation technique is used for designing. Design a linear phase FIR high-pass filter using symmetry condition, for 20 w.=0.2arad/sample and N=7. Use rectangular function, Verify its result by plotting frequency response for at least 8-points Design a Butterworth digital IIR HP filter using bilinear transformation by taking 20 1s to satisfy the following specifications: He") O.7ns wen HE") |[<0.1; 0s w<0.35x Draw Direct form-I and II structure of filter, Verify design by sketching frequency Response considering at least 8-points, Specifications: passband ripple < 4.436db, Stopband attenuation> 20db Passband edge frequeney=0.7x rad/sample Stopband edge frequency=0.35n rad/sample Gait in passband, Ay=0.6 Gain in stopband, A=0.1 A filter is to be designed with the following desired frequency range: 10 Hae™)=0 -n/4sw sald =e) 4s |w| Explain different line tracing mechanism in TV scanning. seenemtt All the Bestt*tetens[Central Technological institute, Maharashtra Stato] VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE Matunga, Mumbai-400 019 SEMESTER EXAMINATION. APRIL.2015 DATE OF EXAM 2-04-2015 SEMESTER & PROGRAM ‘LY. Electonics VISem. TIME 9:30am to I ‘TIME ALLOWED HRS. MARKS 100 COURSE (CowseCode): Communication Systems (ECD312) insueons 3. Al. questons cy onus marke 2, Pigies tothe righ nical fl marks. 1. (@)_ Explain the log-periodic antenna and its radiation pattern. © () An antenna has the uniform flekd pattern given by: U(6) = 4 for 0<@< 7/3, (5) ‘and L(G) = 0 for W/3 <6 <7r, where U(B) is independent of ®. What will be the directivity of the antenna”? (©) Define & explain the following terms with respect to antennas: a0 (), Beam Angle. (i) Effective Aperture. (Gi) Radiation Pattern (iv)Radiation Resistance, (W) Directive Gain of an antenna. 2.2 (2). Differentiate between MTI Radar and Pulse Doppler Radar. (b) What Is meant by blind speed in MTI Radar? An MT! Radars operating at (6) 40 GHz with a pulse repatition frequency of 1000 pps. Calculate the lowest three blind speeds. (Ifa RADAR is designed for operation at 10 GHz with an antenna diameter (8) ‘of 2m, calculate the peak pulse power required to have a maximum range ‘of 1000km with target crass section area 20m. Assume aperture efficiency as 0.7 and receiver minimum detectable signal to be 10"°W. (@)_ With suitable block diagram explain FM CW Rader. o 3 (@)_ Explain the following with respect to Satelite System: «10 () Types of Satellte Services. (i) LEQ and MEO Satelite. (b) What ate equatorial, polar and inclined orbits. What is Geostationary orbit? (10) ‘Why are such satellites used for worldwide communication? 4 (e) What do you understand by resolution or Kellfactor? How does itaffect the (8) vertical resolution of a television picture? Show that the vertical resolution increases with increase in number of scanning lines, (b) What is meant by interlaced scanning? Why is it done? “ (0) Justify the need for pre and post equalizing pulses. Why itis necessary 10 (5) Keep their duration equal to the hal-line period? (a) What is the composite video signals for 2 monochrome TV? Draw aneat (5) sketch of composite video signal 5. (a) The maximum electric field strength radiated by an antenna is GmVim (8) measured at 40 km from the antenna. if the antenna radiates a total power bf 1OOKW, what will be the directivity of the antenna? Ifthe efficiency of the radiation is 95% then what will be the maximum power gain? (©) Explain the principle of pattern muttiplication. ® {o)_ State and explain Keplar’s Laws. © (@) A2cm iong Hertzian Dipole antenna radiates 2W of power ata frequency (4) of 0.6 GHz. Calculate the rms current inthe antenna@ VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE {Central Technological Institute, Maharashtra State] Matunga, Mumbai-400 049 SEMESTER & PROGRAM —_TY. Electronics VI Sem. TIME TIME ALLOWED. SHR: Re Exaun | Mayr is aofosfic SEMESTER EXAMINATION APRIL 2015 DATE OF EXAM 0-201 im MARKS COURSE (Course Code) ‘Communication Systems (C0312) Instructions: 4. All questions cary equal marks. 2. Figutes tothe right indicate ful marks 0.4 (a) What is meant by End Fire Antenna Array? Explain the case for the array (7) a2 a3 (b) © (a) fa) ) (c) (d) (a) of point sources having same amplitude and opposite phase. A Hertzian dipole of length 4/100 is located at the origin and fed with a (5) current of i(t}= 2 sin10%t A. A point P is located at a distance + from the dipole as shown in figure. What will be the magnetic field at P? x Explain in brief how the directivity and effective aperture of an antenna are (5) related to each other. Define the radiation resistance of an antenna. 8 ‘An antenna has a radiation resistance of 72 ohms, a loss resistance of 8 ‘ohms and a power gain of 12 dB, Determine the antenna efficiency ang its directivity What is the Doppler Effect? What are its radar applications? @ What is the peak power of a radar whose average power is 200 W, pulse (7) width of ‘is and pulse repetition frequency of 1000 Hz? What is the duty cycle of this radar? What is the range (in nm) of this ground based air-surveillance radar, if it has to detect a target with radar cross section of 2 square meters when it operates at a frequency of 2.9 GHz (S-Band), with rectangular shaped antenna that is 5 m wide and 2.7 m high, antenna aperture efficiency of 0.6 and minimum detectable signal of 10° W? ‘An MTI Radar is operating at 5 GHz with a pulse repetition frequency of (3) 44000 pps. Calculate the lowest three blind speeds. Draw the block diagram of a pulsed MT! Radar System and explain its (7) operation. Explain the compatibility in TV systems. 6a4 Qs (b) (c) (a) (b) (a) () ‘What is meant by interlaced scanning? Why is it done? Draw and explain the composite video signal, giving all the necessary details in it With a neat sketch explain the working of a Telemetry, Tracking and Command system of Satellite. Expiain the role and function of transponders in Satellite T-V. Explain the following terms (i) Antenna Look Angles (i) Fixed Satellite Services. {ili) Geostationary Satellites. (iv) Satellite Multiple Access. ‘A Radar operates at a frequency in the middle of X Band, What magnitude of Doppler frequency will occur for a target with speed of 290m/s? Justify the choice of rectangular frame with width to height ratio = 4/3 for television transmission and reception. Sketch the geometry of a parabolic antenna with a cassegrain feed and explain the working. ‘2m long Hertzian dipole antenna radiates 2WV of power at a frequency ‘of 0.6GHz, What will be the rms current in the antenna? © (10) (10) (0) 4) © @ 6)VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE {Central Technological institute, Maharashtra State] Matunga, Mumbai ~ 400019 End Semester Examination: May-2012 Date of Exam: 18/05/12 ‘Semester & Programme: Vi Sem, B.Tech. Electronics Max. Marks: 100 Course: Computer Organization (Elective) Duration: 3 Hours [0930HFs to 1230Hrs) All Questions are Compulsory. Figures to the right Indicate full marks. Q1 Answer the following. (Any Four) 20 a Explain Context Switching in brief b Discuss utilities of polling and vectored interrupts. © Paging is useful in implementing Virtual memory.-Justify or contradict d Compare RISC and CISC systems. € Explain different levels of RAID. Q2 a Explain the general organization of CPU. State the function of following 10 registers. 1) Memory Address Register 2) Memory Data Register 3) Instruction Register 4) Program Counter 5) Stack Pointer 'b What is the role of Hypervisor in Virtual Machines? 5 ¢ What is memory interleaving? Discuss various memory interleaving 5 techniques. Q3 a What is the principle of locality? Explain different types of jocalities. 10 Explain performance characteristics of two level memory with respect to cost, access time and performance. b Explain different mapping techniques of cache memory, 10 Suppose physical addresses are 22 bits wide, a cache containing 258K words of data (not including tag bits), and each cache block contains 4 words. For each of the following cache configurations, a. Direct mapped b. 2-way set associative ©. 4-way set associative ' d. Fully associative Specify how the 32-bit address would be partitioned Q4 a Define the term “softwired” and “hardwired”. Explain with a diagram and 10 ‘example showing separate decoding, encoding function of the hardwired control b Explain Bus Arbitration schemes with diagram, : 5 © What is pipelining? Show that K stage pipelined processor has K times 5 speed up compared to non pipelined systems. Q5 aA CPU which addresses the data through its 6 registers in one of 12 10 different modes is to be designed to support 10 arithmetic, 15 logic, 24 data transfer, 6 branch and & control type instructions. Of these instructions respectively 20%, 60%, 50%, 50% and 60% are either single operand or no-operand instruction and the remaining are of double — operand type, What is the minimum size of the CPU's instruction word? b Explain Non-Restoring Division Algorithm. Hence perform 13/3, 10 seeses+t" All the Bost***eremene