BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

CHAPTER 25 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

# DEFINITIONS TERMS

Satellite
1) A celestial body that orbits around a planet.

Man-made satellites that orbit earth, providing a

multitude of communication functions to a wide Communications
2) variety of consumers, including military, Satellites
governmental, private and commercial subscriber.

A satellite radio repeater which a satellite may have

many.

Consists of :
3) Transponder
input Bandlimiting device (BPF)
input low-noise amplifier (LNA)
frequency translator
low level amplifier
output bandpass filter

It consists of one or more satellite space vehicles, a

ground-based station to control the operation of the
system, and a user network of earth stations that
4) Satellite System
provides the interface facilities for the transmission
and reception of terrestrial communications traffic
through the satellite system.

It includes control mechanism that support the Bus

5) payload operation.

The actual user information conveyed through the

system. Payload
6)

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A type of satellite wherein it simply “bounces” signals

7) Passive Reflector
from one place to another.

A natural satellite of Earth, visible by reflection of Moon

8)
sunlight having a slightly elliptical orbit.

Radio Beacon
Used by passive satellites for tracking and ranging
9) Transmitters
purposes.

Launched by Russia, the first active earth satellite

10) in 1957. It transmitted telemetry for 21 days. Sputnik I

A type of satellite capable of receiving, amplifying,

Active Satellite
11) reshaping, regenerating and retransmitting
information.

Satellite launched by U.S., it transmitted telemetry

12) Explorer I
information for nearly five months.

Satellite launched by NASA in 1958, a 150-pound

conical-shaped satellite. It was the first artificial Score
13)
satellite used for relaying terrestrial communications.

The first active satellite to simultaneously receive and Telstar I

14)
transmit radio signals.

Launched in 1963, and was used for telephone

television, facsimile and data transmission and Telstar II
15)
accomplished the first successful transatlantic
video transmission.

Launched in February 1963, was the first attempt to Syncom I

16)
place a geosynchronous satellite into orbit.

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It was the first commercial telecommunications

satellite. It launched from Cape Kennedy in 1965 and
Intelsat I
17) used two transponders. Also called as Early Birds.It
stands for International Telecommunications Sate-
llite.

Domestic satellite launched by former Soviet Union in Molya

18)
1966. It means “lighting”.

A German astronomer who discovered the laws Johannes Kepler

19)
thatgoverns satellite motion.

It may be simply stated as:

The planets move in ellipses with the sun at one

focus

The line joining the sun and the planet sweeps

Kepler’s Law
20) out equal intervals of time.

The square of the time of revolution of a planet

divided by the cube of its mean distance from
the sun gives a number that is the same for all
planets.

21) The point in an orbit closest to earth Perigee

Apogee
22) The point in an orbit farthest from the earth.

It states that the square of the periodic time

Harmonic Law
23) of orbit is proportional to the cube of the mean
distance between the primary and the satellite.

High-altitude earth-orbit satellites operating primarily

24) in the 2-GHz to 18 GHz frequency spectrum with orbits Geosynchronous
Satellite 22,300 miles above earth’s surface. Satellite

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Advantages of Geosynchronous Satellite:

It remain almost stationary in respect to a

given earth station.

Available to earth within their shadows

100% of the time.

No need to switch from one geosynchronous

satellite to another as they orbit overhead

The effects of Doppler shift are negligible

Disadvantages of geosynchronous Satellite:

It requires sophisticated and heavy propulsion

device onboard to keep them in a fixed orbit

Much longer propagation delays

Requires higher transmit power and more

sensitive receivers because of the longer
distances and greater path loss.

High precision spacemanship is required.

The angle between the earth’s equatorial plane and

the orbital plane of a satellite measured counter
25) clockwise at the point in the orbit where it crosses the Angle of Inclination
equatorial plane traveling from south to north called
the ascending node.

The point where the polar or inclines orbit

26) crosses the equatorial plane travelling from north to Descending Node
south

The line joining the ascending and descending node

27) Line of Nodes

It is when the satellite rotates in an orbit directl

Equatorial Orbit
28) above the equator, usually in a circular path.

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 BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

It is when the satellite rotates in path that takes over

the North and the South poles in an orbit that is close Polar Orbit
29)
to earth and passes over and very close to both the
North and South Poles.

The noise power normalized to a 1 Hz bandwidth, or Noise Density

30)
the noise power present in a 1Hz bandwidth

It identifies the system parameters and is used to

determine the projected carrier-to-noise ratio and
energy Bit-to-noise density ratio at both the satellite
31) Link Budget
and earth station receivers for a given modulation
scheme.

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