LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY

RODOLFO N. PELAEZ BOULEVARD, CARMEN, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, PHILIPPINES

College of Nursing

In Partial Fulfillment of Related Learning Experience

HEALTH ECONOMICS

HEALTH AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF BELOW

POVERTY COMMUNITY

DATE SUBMITTED:

MARCH 16, 2009

SUBMITTED BY:

DERIX JELL ONG

NEPTHALIE MONTOYA

CRISTINA LAVANZA

MADONNA MANQUIQUIS

AKIMA GRACE MATIAS

ZOLAICA MACARAMBON
TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction

II. Acknowledgement

III. Data Analysis

IV. Daily Diary

V. Individual Personal Insights

VI. Pictorials w/ Formal Captions

VII. Courtesy Letter

VIII. Survey Forms

I. INTRODUCTION

Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to

scarcity in the allocation of health and health care.

Family in a traditional society forms the primary economic unit. This economic
role has gradually diminished in modern times, and in societies it has become much
smaller – except in certain sectors such as agriculture and in a few upper class
families. Family is a very important social institution that performs two major
functions – reproduction and socialization.

It is influence by the health status of individuals in the family and health units .
It undergoes an ongoing evolution in structure, function, and process. Generally, it is
considered as the basic unit care in the community health nursing. It also performs
health-promoting, health- maintaining and disease – preventing activities. Family is
the focus of decision – making on health matters.

A community is a group of interacting organisms sharing an environment.

Health care is the value of understanding which touches our lives. Everybody
visits the doctor and most of us have been treated in an hospital, health care centers
and other health facilities. The future of the Philippine Health Care System
consistently surfaces as one of the most important issues which people believe is
facing the Philippines in the present.

Yet health care seems to be in almost permanent crisis - there are shortages
of hospital beds and patients are left to lie in corridors while politicians argue
endlessly over whether more or less is being spent on the Health.
II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The self-effacing activity wouldn’t come this far without peers and associates
who gave support for this given project. The creation of “The Simpsons” would like to
acknowledge our positive reception and gratefulness to the people who extended
their help for the transition of this project from the sphere of thoughts into the field of
authenticity.

Exceptional thanks to Mrs. Lourdes Echem, Barangay Captain of

Macahambus, Burgos, for giving us the opportunity to carry out a community survey
of the health and economic problems within the society. And also for the help of Ms.
Zolaica Macarambon who gave an assistance in giving the courtesy letter to the
Barangay Captain.

However, we still have to express our thanks partially to our few members in
our social group and associates who imparted their valuable time in helping us
through it. To Ms. Cristina Lavanza for the gadget in helping us for the pictorials and
the venue for making such documentation. We are above all grateful to Mrs. Azenith
Jabagat, for the supervision and unstinting support throughout the achievement of
this project. And to our adored parents for the financial supports and motivation. And
most of all, to our mighty God for allowing us to thrive in all difficulties we had faced
in making this project.
III. DATA ANALYSIS

Health economics is concerned with issues related to scarcity in the allocation

of health and health care. Typically however, it pertains to cost benefit analysis of
pharmaceutical products of cost-effectiveness of various medical treatments.

We are tasked to have an interview w/ regards to the health economic

problems in the community and we are assigned to be in low poverty area.

As we go along with the interview, we’ve chosen the households living near
in Isla de Oro as our source of information. We’ve encountered different households
with different sources of income. The place is somewhat prone to flashfloods and it
has complications within the home and environment.

After the interview of different households, we have observed that most of the
residents within the Barangay have an income of below 4,000 and it clearly shows
that it isn’t enough to provide the needs of a particular family. Moreover, in relation to
their specific occupation, most of them are unemployed. Within that case, some of
them couldn’t afford to send a family member for hospitalization. In relation to that,
majority preferred to go in reflexologies due to financial tribulations.

Most of the residents gain sources of information about health on Health

Centers that are near their households. Thus, it was easy for us to answer and
explain their questions of about the given health programs within the community.
 TABLE 1

OCCUPATION TALLY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

GOVERNMENT II 2 10%
EMPLOYEE
PRIVATE EMPLOYEE II 2 10%

SELF- EMPLOYED IIII – I 6 30%

UNEMPLOYED IIII –IIII 10 50%

TOTAL 20 20 100%
 TABLE 2

MONTHLY INCOME TALL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Y
BELOW P4000 IIII – 15 75%
IIII –
IIII
P4001-P6000 IIII 5 25%
P6001-P10,000 0
P10,001-P15,000 0
P15,001-P20,000 0
ABOVE P20,001 0
TOTAL 20 20 100%

TABLE 3
 MONEY SPENT FOR TALLY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
MEDICINE YEARLY

BELOW P500 IIII –IIII 9 45%

P500-P1,000 IIII –IIII 10 50%

P1,001-P5,000 0

P5,001-P10,000 0
ABOVE P10,000 I 1 5%

TOTAL 20 20 100%

TABLE 4

MONEY SPENT FOR TALLY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

HOSPITALIZATION
YEARLY
BELOW P1,000 IIII –IIII 10 50%

P1,001-P5,000 III 3 15%

P5,001-P10,000 I 1 5%

P10,001-P20,000 I 1 5%
ABOVE P20,000 0
NONE IIII 5 25%
TOTAL 20 20 100%

FOR HOSPITALIZATION
60%
50%
40%
BELOW P1,000
30%
P1,001-P5,000 20%
P5,001-P10,000 10%
P10,001-P20,000 0%

ABOVE P20,000
NONE

TABLE 5

HEALTH TALLY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

PREFERENCES
GOVERNMENT IIII –IIII – II 12 35.29%
HOSPITAL
PRIVATE HOSPITAL II 2 5.88%

HEALTH CENTER IIII – I 6 17.65%

 MEDICAL DOCTOR I 1 2.94%

HILOT IIII – IIII – III 13 38.24%

OTHERS (SPECIFY) 0

TOTAL 34 34 100%

TABLE 6

HEALTH PROBLEMS TALLY FREQUENCY PRECENTAGE

ENCOUNTERED
HEADACHE III 3 4.92%

FEVER AND FLU IIII –IIII –IIII 14 22.95%

COUGH IIII –IIII –IIII – III 18 29.51%

COLDS IIII – IIII –IIII – II 17 27.87%

 LUNG DISEASE II 2 3.28%

HEART DISEASE I 1 1.64%

OTHERS (SPECIFY) IIII 5 8.197%

TOTAL 61 61 100%

TABLE 7

DO YOU HAVE TALLY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

HEALTH INSURANCE
YES IIII – IIII – IIII –II 17 85%
NO III 3 15%
TOTAL 20 20 100%
 TABLE 8

WHAT TYPE OF INSURANCE TALLY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

PHILHEALTH IIII – IIII – 15 71.43%
IIII
SSS IIII – I 6 28.57%
GSIS 0
TOTAL 21 21 100%
 TABLE 9

IF NO, SOURCES OF MONEY TALLY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

FOR MEDICINES AND
HOSPITALIZATION
SAVINGS II 2 28.57%
FAMILY IIII 5 71.43%
FRIENDS 0
CHARITY 0
OTHERS (SPECIFY) 0
TOTAL 7 7 100%
 SOURCES OF MONEY
0
28.57%

SAVINGS
FAMILY
FRIENDS
CHARITY
OTHERS (SPECIFY)
71.43%

TABLE 10

AWARE OF INDIGENT TALLY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

PROGRAM OF PHILHEALTH
YES IIII – IIII 13 65%
–III
NO IIII – II 7 35%
TOTAL 20 20 100%
 TABLE 11

SOURCE OF INFORMATION TALLY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

ABOUT HEALTH
HEALTH CENTERS IIII – IIII – 13 72.22%
III
TV I 1 5.55%
RADIO I 1 5.55%
NEWSPAPERS I 1 5.55%
FRIENDS / RELATIVES
OTHERS (SPECIFY) II 2 11.11%
TOTAL 18 18 100%
 Based on the data gathered, it shows that the majority of the residents in the said

community were unemployed and majority of their monthly income were ranges below

P4,000. For last year and so far this year, the amount they spend for medicine just

ranges below P500 and for hospitalizations ranges only to P1,000. This means that for

the last and current year, they’re not prone to illness. Based also on the data gathered,

most of family we interviewed was able to avail to Phil Health. Upon knowing the

monthly income of each resident, you could say that their income is not enough to

support all the needs of each members of the family since it is just enough for food and

sometimes they lacking.

Conclusion

Based on the survey we conducted, we concluded that people living in Isla de

Oro were really considered to part in a below poverty. We based it on their monthly

income and number of family members in a family. Even though most of the family we

interviewed has availed to Phil health, still their source of money for needs of individuals

cannot be met by their monthly income. They don’t have a savings for emergency

matter like being hospitalized and etc.

IV. DAILY DIARY

MACARAMBON, ZOLAICA A.

DAILY DIARY FEEDBACK

BEFORE:
 The community survey is characterized by series of plans. The making of
courtesy call letter for the Barangay captain is part of which in the activity and most of
all, the maximum of 20 households that should be interviewed. Basically, the questions
that we have to ask to the residents are of about their income and health insurances.
On our group survey, we have to show the value of respect for us to gain their
cooperation and trust. The plans of having them involved in our community survey could
give a possible and great outcome for our assigned activity. Thus, it is important to
communicate well and be a good listener to every resident that‘ll be interviewed.

AFTER:
It has been a long day for the group to encounter such community survey on a
certain Barangay. We had our answers completely given. Indeed, we were so
welcomed in their place and I had thought of my hardships that were totally paid off.
Residents of the Barangay are good enough to mingle with and fun. It wasn’t hard for us
to ask questions from them because we gained their respect and cooperation through it.
We took pictures of the Barangay officials for our Documentation before we left so that
we could have a memorandum of this community exposure. Overall, the activity was
done successfully.

PERSONAL INSIGHTS
Being involved in this community survey, made my skills develop in
communicating with other people. And I also had the ability of accepting one’s
uniqueness for every individual within the community. I have learned that good
communication and making friends made us achieve the cooperation and trust of the
residents. Moreover, respect is the very basic value of showing them what a community
really is. Patience is also another way of giving importance to the people whom you
planned to approach with.
I thought of realizing the effective ways of having a good communication. Through it, I
had used to demonstrate a genuine interest of doing the activity. And within the art of
listening, I had applied mainly to accept assurance of confidentiality because taking
answers to the questions of about their income isn’t that easy. The resident should be
guaranteed that everything about in the discussed survey will not be shared to anyone. I
had also known of using the time wisely in communicating, in that way, I could keep the
conversation as ease and natural as possible. For communicative influence, I had
learned to base it by their values in the community, especially gaining in return the
respect that you have shown for them. And lastly, the attention, that could give us a
clear distinction to concentrate on a definite conversation.

ONG, JELL DERIX H.

DAILY DIARY FEEDBACK

BEFORE:

Last month, I and my group mates passed a courtesy letter to the brgy. Captain in order
to have our community survey. We must interview 20 households in isla de oro. I hope
that the people will be kind to us and accept our interview. The most basic question that
we would ask to them is all about income.
My group mates and I will do our best to finish our community survey as soon as
possible.

AFTER:

At the day we have able to interview 20 households. I’m very happy because the
people are very kind to us and accept our interview to them. The place is an
adventurous place to us especially of some of my group mates because we pass unto a
bridge. Some of my group mates is afraid to pass in to the bridge but we don,t have no
choice, we have to continue our interview. The result of our interview was very
successful because we commit our goals to have an interview with 20 households.

PERSONAL INSIGHTS

I learned that having a community survey is not an easy task because we don’t know
the styles and the attitude of the people within that community but I’m happy because
the people are very respectful and very kind to us. I hope that if we will do an interview
for our higher years the people will be the same like the people we interview in isla de
oro. I feel happy because our community is successful.

MANQUIQUIS, MADONNA BLAISE N.

DAILY DIARY FEEDBACK

BEFORE:

Last Feb. 27, 2009, we planned to have our immediate survey/interview at isla de oro as
our chosen source of information about income and health insurance. Before we’ve
started to visit households in that certain place, we passed our courtesy letter to the
Barangay. We were expecting to finish 20 respondents and that all of us will be
welcome and successful in each of the households we are going to encounter.

AFTER:

At the end of that tiring day, we were able to accomplish what we’ve expected which
was to finish 20 respondents. We were so happy because most of the people there
were very approachable and hospitable though they were ashamed of us at first. It was
an adventurous day for me because that was the very first time I’ve encounter to pass
on a hanging bridge. But indeed, that was challenging for me.

PERSONAL INSIGHTS

I’ve learn so much things during the community survey we’ve done. Although that was
just a short period of time, there are things in life that I’ve realized to value. One of those
things is to be thankful enough that I am living a comfortable life compared to the people
who were living in that place that is prone to flashfloods. And that some of the people
were illiterate because of financial problems. I also learned to be more confident in
dealing with other people. In the end, the survey was successful and we’ve gather all
the information’s we needed.

MATIAS, AKIMA GRACE

DAILY DIARY FEEDBACK

BEFORE:

Before having our community survey for our Health Economics, we first agreed were to
conduct it and the day we are going to that agreed place. We then agreed that the
perfect place is in Isla de Oro. Before going there one of my group mates gave a
courtesy call to the Barangay captain for formality sake. We went there on Friday
morning, February 27, 2009. When we arrived there we went directly to the Barangay
Hall and then proceed to the area. We to prepare ourselves upon entering to every
household because we know that were going to encounter different types of people.
And we have to finish interviewing 20 households which is not easy to do.

AFTER:

After finishing our interview we went again to the Barangay Hall and took some pictures
together with some of the Barangay officials. We felt relieved because we were able to
finished interviewing 20 households. And we’re grateful to the people because almost
all of them were hospitable and accepted us nicely. Though it was tiring still it was worth
it. I for myself enjoyed that kind of experience.

PERSONAL INSIGHTS:

It was a good and a learning experience for us most specially for me. We were able to
impart some of our knowledge to them. I was able to touch people’s lives in a simple
way. It’s true that not all are fortunate enough to have a good life that’s why I should be
thankful because despite some circumstances I can still say that I’m lucky enough
because I am able to study in a good school. I also learned how our government took
them for granted. I’ve learned to appreciate simple things in my life because of that
experience. That’s why students like me must study hard to have a better future and be
good future leaders of our country.

CRISTINA LAVANZA

DAILY DIARY FEEDBACK

BEFORE:

In our community survey last month, we conducted it at Isla de Oro. We have

decided to conduct our survey there since we are required to interview 20 families who
are living below poverty. The day before our survey to be conducted, I already
visualized things that might happen. I expect that people will be accommodating and
willing to share and help us in our requirement. Of course, before we conduct our
community, we first send a courtesy letter to the Barangay hall of the said community to
show formality and respect to the Barangay officials. Before going to Isla de Oro, we
have already prepared questions to be asked to the residents for our survey to be
organized.

AFTER:

After our survey, we visited the Barangay hall and took pictures with the
Barangay officials. We thank them for letting us conduct our survey there. After our
activity, I could say that my expectations were met. The people were accommodating
and very willing to share something about their life condition. I see that people living
there really need attention from our government since not all of them have enough
income for their family. It is a relieved for us since we were able to finish our interview
in one day. We were able to interview 20 different families.

PERSONAL INSIGHTS

For me, what we have done is a learning experience since I was able to mingle
to other people and because of this experience I was able to realize many things. I
realized that I’m so thankful that our way of living was different from them, that my
parents were able to send me to school and lean me enough, actually more than
enough money to be spend by me and that I can eat the foods that I need and want. But
my realizations don’t mean that I underestimated them because I believe that God
created fortunate people to help the less fortunate one. If there were disabled, the able
people should help them in order to survive. This is a lesson that all people should learn
for our country to have progress.

NEPTHALIE MONTOYA

DAILY DIARY FEEDBACK

BEFORE:

During February 27, 2009, we conducted our survey in Isla de Oro. Before
conducting the survey, me and my group mates plan and prepared things first. We send
courtesy letter to the Barangay hall to show respect to the Barangay officials. We ready
our survey tools and prepare our questions to be asked to the residents in the
community. We are expecting that we could finish interviewing 20 families in the
community. And we are expecting that people there will be friendly and willing to
communicate with us.

AFTER:

After the community survey I’ve learned so many things in our interview.
Interviewing the 20 households is not an easy task. You have to take a risk because
you don’t know what would be happen. Because the people have different attitude some
are good and some are bad. But luckily were fortunate because the 20 households that
we interview all of them are kind, approachable and respectful.

PERSONAL INSIGHTS

During the interview I saw the different faces of life. It’s a fact that most of us
must not take for granted that not all of us are lucky enough to be blessed with a good
life. I’ve learned how these people find ways just to be able to feed their family as much
as possible three times a day. It’s painful for me to know how our government takes
them for granted. I was inspired by their stories of hard work. I admired them for their
courage in facing life’s difficulties. That’s why I am now more dedicated to finish my
studies for someday I could be one of this country’s leaders if God permits me. And I
will make sure that I will prioritize those less unfortunate ones.

February 24, 2009

Ms. Lourdes Echem

Barangay Captain

Macahambus Burgos St., CDOC

Dear Madam;

A pleasant day to you ma’am!

I am Zolaica Macarambon, an AHSE student from Liceo de Cagayan University; I and my group
mates would like to conduct a survey regarding the health status of each household from your
Barangay, as a requirement of the Health Economics.

With this, In behalf of my group mates, I would like to ask your consent to have a survey in your
barangay with the purpose of assessing the data about the health status of each household.

I am willing to go to your office to talk personally regarding this matter. You can contact with my
phone number 09063475588.

I hope that your response would be favorable for us. Thank you and God bless!

Respectfully yours,

Zolaica Macarambon