REFLECTION OF TITRATION

The reflection from this experiment are the titration is a technique where a solution of known
concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. Typically, the
titrant (the know solution) is added from a buret to a known quantity of the analyte (the
unknown solution) until the reaction is complete. Knowing the volume of titrant added allows
the determination of the concentration of the unknown. Often, an indicator is used to usually
signal the end of the reaction, the endpoint. Though equivalence point and endpoint are
used interchangeably, they are different terms. Equivalence point is the theoretical
completion of the reaction: the volume of added titrant at which the number of moles of
titrant is equal to the number of moles of analyte, or some multiple there of (as
in polyprotic acids). Endpoint is what actually measured, a physical change in the solution as
determined by an indicator or an instrument mentioned above. There is a slight difference
between the endpoint and the equivalence point of the titration. This error is referred to as an
indicator error, and it is indeterminate.

REFLECTION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER (PROTEIN/ENZYME)

Reflectance spectroscopy is the study of light as a function of wavelength that has been
reflected or scattered from a solid, liquid, or gas. As photons enter a mineral, some are
reflected from grain surfaces, some pass through the grain, and some are absorbed. Those
photons that are reflected from grain surfaces or refracted through a particle are said to be
scattered. Scattered photons may encounter another grain or be scattered away from the
surface so they may be detected and measured. Transmission spectroscopy is highly
interrelated to Absorption Spectroscopy. This technique can be used for solid, liquid, and
gas sampling. Here, light is passed through the sample and compared to light that has not.
The resulting spectrum depends on the path length or sample thickness, the absorption
coefficient of the sample, the reflectivity of the sample, the angle of incidence, the
polarization of the incident radiation, and, for particulate matter, on particle size and
orientation.

REFLECTION OF LIPID ANALYSIS

The reflection from this experiment is we have found out the type of food that contains the
most amount of lipid in it by extracting the lipid content using petroleum ether. However, the
percent of lipid extraction in three sample of food is same though the sample have peanut
and milk. The important part in this experiment is to check there is no longer a strong smell
characteristics of the petroleum ether. Lastly, we know how to determine the percent lipid
extraction by use the formula given.