Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fluidization
Fluidization
Fluidized bed:
particles suspended
in an upward
gas stream
drag force
equals
gravitational force
Outline
C Drag
A
Attraction
Cohesive Aeratable
0-30 µm 30-100 µm
flour Gravity milk powder
B D
Bubbling Spoutable
100-1000 µm >1000 µm
sand coffee beans
Geldart’s powder classification
1.0
20
15
mass%
10
5
Conversion [-]
0
0 50 100 150
particle diameter [micron] 0.5
solids returns
solids returns
solids returns
gas gas gas gas gas
gas gas
only A powders only narrow beds
at low gas velocity
gas velocity
Fluidized bed lay-outs
laterally staged bed
circulating
bed
vertically
turbulent staged bed
bed
bubbling
bed
spouted bed
twin bed
riser
downer floating bed
Fluidized bed design
product gas
cyclones
freeboard
heat
exchange
tubes
Packed bed
pressure
drop
gas velocity
Fluidized bed
pressure Lower pressure drop
drop lower power costs
onset of fluidization
gas velocity
Heat and mass transfer
Fluidized bed:
More information
Æ presentation ‘Agglomeration
Hoomans, Kuipers, et al., detection’ this afternoon
Twente University
Modelling
Simple engineering models Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Levenspiel,
Oregon State Univ. Van Wachem, Van den Bleek, Hoomans, Kuipers, et al.,
et al., Delft Univ. of Techn. Twente Univ.
Models still show shortcomings Æ scaling-up remains troublesome
Summary
Books:
Fluidization Engineering, Kunii & Levenspiel, ISBN 0409902330
Gas Fluidization, Mell Pell, ISBN 0444883355
Circulating Fluidized Beds, Grace, ISBN 0751402710
Articles:
Review turbulent fluidization, Bi et al., Chem.Eng.Sci. (2000) 55, pp. 4789
Measurement techniques, Werther, Powder Technol., 102 (1999) pp. 15
Web-sites:
Tutorials: www.erpt.org/technoar/fluidbed.htm
This presentation: www.dct.tudelft.nl/~vanommen