Etiologic Factors: BIPOLAR 1 DISORDER

-environmental factors: stress

(financial problem)
-low self-esteem
-lack of support system
Biological theories:
-physically, emotionally stressed
-neurochemical and neuroendocrine
factors: biogenic amine theory’s about
the imbalance or deficiency of
Genetic Factors: neurotransmitters norepinephrine and Nueromatomical factors: appearance of
Bipolar is greatest when the disorder is serotonin leading to depression; mania specific abnromalitites, or lesions in the
present in the first-degree family resultsfrom inability to modulate white matter of the brain of people with
members. neuronal excitation bipolar disorder.

Signs and symptoms:

 Manic: Elevated, expensive or irritable mood; loud and rapid, clanging speech, flight
of ideas; grandiose speech, delusion and easily distracted cognitive function,
hyperactive, vulgar and obscene psychomotor activity.
 Depression: dysphoric, depressive, despairing mood, pessism with poverty of
ideas and suicidal preoccupation, psychomotor agitation or retardation with feeling
of fatigue, restlessness, thought blocking, blunted affect.
 Cyclothymiais marked by manic and depressive states yet is of sufficient intensity
nor duration to merit diagnosis of bipolar or major depressive disorders

Complications/ Risk for:

-suicidal
-violence towards others
-disorders of eating, sexual behavior, conduct
disorder and anxiety disorder

Treatment:
The most effective treatment is a combination of supportive psychotherapy,
psycho education, and the use of mood-stabilizers (lithium carbamazepimne,
or divalproex, ) in combination of anti-psychotic medications