408

Remote sensing for G::; managers

collected by public works includes high-resolution planimet- .J LJL-JU

ric orrhophorography, Landsat 7 data for monitoring local

and regional growth, rransportarion's need for high resolu-
tion digital elevation data, and ecological monitoring and
inventory data (table /2.6). 1---1 r-
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Urban infrastructure condition assessment !
Remote sensing can playa valuable role in assessing the con- o CJ
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dition of urban infrastructure. For example, the condition of
road surfaces can be assessed from large-scale aerial photogra-
phy with spatial resolutions of 0.5 m or finer. Less-expensive
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videographv methods using true-color or color-infrared video ::lei

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SYSCGllS with inrezrared GPS satellite positioning system can
be vehicle mounted and driven over the streets to be assessed. aLl
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Though the imagery is less expensive to acquire, it can be ~

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information such as a building footprint (an outline of 1:
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the base of a building). Some of This information can be
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can be digitized off orrhorectified aerial imagery displayed in
a GIS. Building height data can be extracted from lidar and
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IfSAR data and added to the GIS database. Other data such
as roof type and building types can be interpreted
from the imagen' (jigure 12.67a,b,c).
visually
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Development monitoring
Monitoring of existing construction sites within the limits Figure 12.670 Planimetric base mapping digitized from
of a city is essenrial for a city government. Monitoring helps orthophotocaphy uSing heads-up digitizing, i.e., interactively drawing
outlines on a displayed Image. Ground control pc.nts. a digital elevation
control construction site permits issued br a cir)" delineate
model, and GPSsatellite positioning are used to rectify the imagery and
locations where natural ground cover or preexisting Strucru res verify position= accuracy.
were removed and exposed bare soil (a potential source of Source 1. HliJpl;:- Underlying DOC: (OurtESY :)~ USGS
sediments that lower water quality in local watersheds), and
monitor construction. progress at those sites. By monitoring
urban development,
a cirv can also track compliance wirh
EPA water qualm' regularions for urban watersheds.
Source i Spatial !Temporal IUses The spatial .md spectral resolution needs for monitoring
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; resolution I, j
i consrrucrion are deper..iem on .he size of rhe areas to be mon-
Airborne rdroita] 0.25 to Frequency of ! Tree canopy
itored. If th, sites are large (20 acres or larger), imagery with
or analog a~ial 0.60 meters 1 to 5 years ! delineation and
phOlOg~~P~l;'l ! : species identification spatial resolutions as coarse as 10 111 may be suitable, but fi,r
Satellite '--1O-to-3-0- 'IFrequency of IGeneral'land ~e and- smaller areas, resolutions of I ro 5 meters or better are gelll:r-
(multispectral) rn=ters 5 to 10 yearslland cover; vegetation ally needed, which requires the use of high-resolution sarel-
! ,map (NDVi)
lire or airborne imagery. Ideally, acquisition of this imager}'