Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.

0
L/rx=120
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

In-plane
Mo/MY Out-of-plane
 Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
L/rx=110
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

In-plane
Mo/MY Out-of-plane
 Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
L/rx=100
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

In-plane
Mo/MY Out-of-plane
 Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
L/rx=90
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

In-plane
Mo/MY Out-of-plane
 Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
L/rx=80
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

In-Plane
Mo/MY Out-of-plane
 Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
L/rx=70
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

In-plane
Mo/MY Out-of-plane
 Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
L/rx=60
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

In-Plane
Mo/MY Out-of-plane
 Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
L/rx=50
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

In-plane
Mo/MY Out-of-plane
 Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
L/rx=40
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

L=40 rx
Mo/MY L=40 rx
 Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
L/rx=30
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

L=30 rx
Mo/MY L=30 rx
A m p lific a tio n F a c to r j

FvL vs. j for L/rx=120

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
FvL
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
A m p lific a tio n F a c to r j

3.5
FvL vs. j for L/rx=60

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

FvL
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
 1.2
Effect of FvL on P-M Interaction of W8x31 with k=1
1
P/PY

0.8
L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 = 0, 2.5, 5.0
0.6

0.4

0.2

0
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Mo/MY

0 2.4913643956 4.9827287912
 1.2
Effect of k on the P-M Interaction for W8x31 with L=120 rx
1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Mo/MY
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
 1
Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
0.9
In-plane behavior
0.8
P/PY

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
L=30 rx L=40 rx Mo/MY
L=50 rx L=60 rx L=70 rx L=80 rx L=90 rx L=100 rx
L=110 rx L=120 rx
 Normalized Interaction Curves for k=1.0
Out-of-plane behavior
1.2

1
P/PY

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500
L=30 rx L=40 rx Mo/MY
L=50 rx L=60 rx L=70 rx L=80 rx L=90 rx L=100 rx
L=110 rx L=120 rx
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px #DIV/0!
d 8 L 0 Py #DIV/0!
tw 0.285 Pf #DIV/0!
bf 8 L/rx 0 ro^2 16.12939
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 0
Sx 27.5
rx 30.4
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 0 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 0 1 1 1
40 0.087719 0 1 1 1
50 0.109649 0 1 1 1
60 0.131579 0 1 1 1
70 0.153509 0 1 1 1
80 0.175439 0 1 1 1
90 0.197368 0 1 1 1
100 0.219298 0 1 1 1
110 0.241228 0 1 1 1
120 0.263158 0 1 1 1
130 0.285088 0 1 1 1
140 0.307018 0 1 1 1
150 0.328947 0 1 1 1
160 0.350877 0 1 1 1
170 0.372807 0 1 1 1
180 0.394737 0 1 1 1
190 0.416667 0 1 1 1
200 0.438596 0 1 1 1
210 0.460526 0 1 1 1
220 0.482456 0 1 1 1
230 0.504386 0 1 1 1
240 0.526316 0 1 1 1
250 0.548246 0 1 1 1
260 0.570175 0 1 1 1
270 0.592105 0 1 1 1
280 0.614035 0 1 1 1
290 0.635965 0 1 1 1
300 0.657895 0 1 1 1
310 0.679825 0 1 1 1
320 0.701754 0 1 1 1
330 0.723684 0 1 1 1
340 0.745614 0 1 1 1
350 0.767544 0 1 1 1
360 0.789474 0 1 1 1
370 0.811404 0 1 1 1
380 0.833333 0 1 1 1
390 0.855263 0 1 1 1
400 0.877193 0 1 1 1
410 0.899123 0 1 1 1
420 0.921053 0 1 1 1
430 0.942982 0 1 1 1
440 0.964912 0 1 1 1
450 0.986842 0 1 1 1
460 1.008772 0 1 1 1
 0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo-cr/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.736842 0.736842 0.736842 0.736842 0.736842 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.714912 0.714912 0.714912 0.714912 0.714912 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.692982 0.692982 0.692982 0.692982 0.692982 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.671053 0.671053 0.671053 0.671053 0.671053 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.649123 0.649123 0.649123 0.649123 0.649123 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.627193 0.627193 0.627193 0.627193 0.627193 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.605263 0.605263 0.605263 0.605263 0.605263 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.583333 0.583333 0.583333 0.583333 0.583333 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.561404 0.561404 0.561404 0.561404 0.561404 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.539474 0.539474 0.539474 0.539474 0.539474 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.517544 0.517544 0.517544 0.517544 0.517544 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.495614 0.495614 0.495614 0.495614 0.495614 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.473684 0.473684 0.473684 0.473684 0.473684 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.451754 0.451754 0.451754 0.451754 0.451754 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.429825 0.429825 0.429825 0.429825 0.429825 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.407895 0.407895 0.407895 0.407895 0.407895 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.385965 0.385965 0.385965 0.385965 0.385965 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.364035 0.364035 0.364035 0.364035 0.364035 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.342105 0.342105 0.342105 0.342105 0.342105 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.320175 0.320175 0.320175 0.320175 0.320175 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.298246 0.298246 0.298246 0.298246 0.298246 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.276316 0.276316 0.276316 0.276316 0.276316 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.254386 0.254386 0.254386 0.254386 0.254386 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.232456 0.232456 0.232456 0.232456 0.232456 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.210526 0.210526 0.210526 0.210526 0.210526 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.188596 0.188596 0.188596 0.188596 0.188596 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.166667 0.166667 0.166667 0.166667 0.166667 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.144737 0.144737 0.144737 0.144737 0.144737 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.122807 0.122807 0.122807 0.122807 0.122807 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.100877 0.100877 0.100877 0.100877 0.100877 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.078947 0.078947 0.078947 0.078947 0.078947 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.057018 0.057018 0.057018 0.057018 0.057018 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.035088 0.035088 0.035088 0.035088 0.035088 #DIV/0!
1 1 0.013158 0.013158 0.013158 0.013158 0.013158 #DIV/0!
1 1 -0.00877 -0.00877 -0.00877 -0.00877 -0.00877 #DIV/0!
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px 2905.287
d 8 L 104.1 Py 979.8739
tw 0.285 Pf 1240.135
bf 8 L/rx 30 ro^2 16.12939 (Ix+Iy)/A
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 1.245682 MY 1375
Sx 27.5
rx 3.47
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0.18447 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 0.260879 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 0.319511 1 1 1
40 0.087719 0.368939 1 1 1
shi 50 0.109649 0.412487 1 1 1
60 0.131579 0.451856 1 1 1
70 0.153509 0.488061 1 1 1
80 0.175439 0.521759 1 1 1
90 0.197368 0.553409 1 1 1
100 0.219298 0.583344 1 1 1
110 0.241228 0.611816 1 1 1
120 0.263158 0.639021 1 1 1
130 0.285088 0.665115 1 1 1
140 0.307018 0.690222 1 1 1
150 0.328947 0.714448 1 1 1
160 0.350877 0.737878 1 1 1
170 0.372807 0.760588 1 1 1
180 0.394737 0.782638 1 1 1
190 0.416667 0.804084 1 1 1
200 0.438596 0.824973 1 1 1
210 0.460526 0.845346 1 1 1
220 0.482456 0.865239 1 1 1
230 0.504386 0.884685 1 1 1
240 0.526316 0.903713 1 1 1
250 0.548246 0.922348 1 1 1
260 0.570175 0.940614 1 1 1
270 0.592105 0.958532 1 1 1
280 0.614035 0.976121 1 1 1
290 0.635965 0.993399 1 1 1
300 0.657895 1.010382 1 1 1
310 0.679825 1.027083 1 1 1
320 0.701754 1.043518 1 1 1
330 0.723684 1.059697 1 1 1
340 0.745614 1.075633 1 1 1
350 0.767544 1.091337 1 1 1
360 0.789474 1.106818 1 1 1
370 0.811404 1.122085 1 1 1
380 0.833333 1.137147 1 1 1
390 0.855263 1.152012 1 1 1
400 0.877193 1.166688 1 1 1
410 0.899123 1.181182 1 1 1
420 0.921053 1.1955 1 1 1
430 0.942982 1.209648 1 1 1
440 0.964912 1.223633 1 1 1
450 0.986842 1.23746 1 1 1
460 1.008772 1.251134 1 1 1
 In-plane
0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1.004269 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.973913
1 1.008568 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.948018
1 1.012898 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.922315
1 1.017259 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.896803
1 1.021652 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.871482
1 1.026076 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.846352
1 1.030533 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.821411
1 1.035021 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.796661
1 1.039543 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.7721
1 1.044098 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.747728
1 1.048687 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 0.723545
1 1.053309 0.736842 0.736842 0.736842 0.736842 0.69955
1 1.057965 0.714912 0.714912 0.714912 0.714912 0.675743
1 1.062656 0.692982 0.692982 0.692982 0.692982 0.652123
1 1.067383 0.671053 0.671053 0.671053 0.671053 0.62869
1 1.072144 0.649123 0.649123 0.649123 0.649123 0.605444
1 1.076941 0.627193 0.627193 0.627193 0.627193 0.582384
1 1.081775 0.605263 0.605263 0.605263 0.605263 0.559509
1 1.086645 0.583333 0.583333 0.583333 0.583333 0.536821
1 1.091552 0.561404 0.561404 0.561404 0.561404 0.514317
1 1.096496 0.539474 0.539474 0.539474 0.539474 0.491998
1 1.101479 0.517544 0.517544 0.517544 0.517544 0.469863
1 1.106499 0.495614 0.495614 0.495614 0.495614 0.447912
1 1.111558 0.473684 0.473684 0.473684 0.473684 0.426144
1 1.116656 0.451754 0.451754 0.451754 0.451754 0.40456
1 1.121794 0.429825 0.429825 0.429825 0.429825 0.383158
1 1.126972 0.407895 0.407895 0.407895 0.407895 0.361939
1 1.13219 0.385965 0.385965 0.385965 0.385965 0.340901
1 1.137449 0.364035 0.364035 0.364035 0.364035 0.320045
1 1.14275 0.342105 0.342105 0.342105 0.342105 0.29937
1 1.148092 0.320175 0.320175 0.320175 0.320175 0.278876
1 1.153477 0.298246 0.298246 0.298246 0.298246 0.258562
1.000078 1.158905 0.276316 0.276316 0.276316 0.276294 0.238428
1.000398 1.164376 0.254386 0.254386 0.254386 0.254285 0.218474
1.000951 1.169891 0.232456 0.232456 0.232456 0.232235 0.198699
1.001721 1.17545 0.210526 0.210526 0.210526 0.210165 0.179103
1.002695 1.181055 0.188596 0.188596 0.188596 0.18809 0.159685
1.003861 1.186704 0.166667 0.166667 0.166667 0.166026 0.140445
1.005207 1.1924 0.144737 0.144737 0.144737 0.143987 0.121383
1.006724 1.198142 0.122807 0.122807 0.122807 0.121987 0.102498
1.008402 1.203932 0.100877 0.100877 0.100877 0.100037 0.08379
1.010234 1.209769 0.078947 0.078947 0.078947 0.078148 0.065258
1.012213 1.215655 0.057018 0.057018 0.057018 0.05633 0.046903
1.014331 1.221589 0.035088 0.035088 0.035088 0.034592 0.028723
1.016583 1.227573 0.013158 0.013158 0.013158 0.012943 0.010719
1.018963 1.233606 -0.00877 -0.00877 -0.00877 -0.00861 -0.00711
Out-of-plane

Mo-cr/MY
3.220
3.190
3.161
3.132
3.102
3.073
3.043
3.014
2.984
2.955
2.925
2.896
2.867
2.837
2.808
2.778
2.749
2.719
2.690
2.660
2.631
2.601
2.572
2.542
2.513
2.483
2.453
2.424
2.394
2.365
2.335
2.306
2.276
2.246
2.217
2.187
2.157
2.128
2.098
2.068
2.039
2.009
1.979
1.949
1.920
1.890
1.860
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px 1634.224
d 8 L 138.8 Py 551.1791
tw 0.285 Pf 859.7259
bf 8 L/rx 40 ro^2 16.12939 (Ix+Iy)/A
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 1.66091 MY 1375
Sx 27.5
rx 3.47
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0.245959 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 0.347839 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 0.426014 1 1 1
40 0.087719 0.491919 1 1 1
shi 50 0.109649 0.549982 1 1 1
60 0.131579 0.602475 1 1 1
70 0.153509 0.650748 1 1 1
80 0.175439 0.695678 1 1 1
90 0.197368 0.737878 1 1 1
100 0.219298 0.777792 1 1 1
110 0.241228 0.815755 1 1 1
120 0.263158 0.852029 1 1 1
130 0.285088 0.88682 1 1 1
140 0.307018 0.920296 1 1 1
150 0.328947 0.952597 1 1 1
160 0.350877 0.983838 1 1 1
170 0.372807 1.014117 1 1 1
180 0.394737 1.043518 1 1 1
190 0.416667 1.072113 1 1 1
200 0.438596 1.099964 1 1 1
210 0.460526 1.127128 1 1 1
220 0.482456 1.153652 1 1 1
230 0.504386 1.17958 1 1 1
240 0.526316 1.20495 1 1 1
250 0.548246 1.229797 1 1 1
260 0.570175 1.254152 1 1 1
270 0.592105 1.278043 1 1 1
280 0.614035 1.301495 1 1 1
290 0.635965 1.324532 1 1 1
300 0.657895 1.347176 1 1 1
310 0.679825 1.369444 1 1 1
320 0.701754 1.391357 1 1 1
330 0.723684 1.41293 1 1 1
340 0.745614 1.434178 1 1 1
350 0.767544 1.455116 1 1 1
360 0.789474 1.475757 1 1 1
370 0.811404 1.496113 1 1 1
380 0.833333 1.516196 1 1 1
390 0.855263 1.536016 1 1 1
400 0.877193 1.555584 1 1 1
410 0.899123 1.574909 1 1 1.000008
420 0.921053 1.594 1 1 1.000269
430 0.942982 1.612864 1 1 1.000886
440 0.964912 1.631511 1 1 1.001846
450 0.986842 1.649946 1 1 1.003141
460 1.008772 1.668178 1 1 1.00476
 In-plane
0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1.00761 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.970683
1 1.015317 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.941716
1 1.023123 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.913097
1 1.03103 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.884825
1 1.039039 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.856898
1 1.047153 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.829316
1 1.055374 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.802077
1 1.063704 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.77518
1 1.072144 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.748623
1 1.080698 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.722405
1 1.089366 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 0.696526
1 1.098153 0.736842 0.736842 0.736842 0.736842 0.670983
1 1.107059 0.714912 0.714912 0.714912 0.714912 0.645776
1 1.116088 0.692982 0.692982 0.692982 0.692982 0.620903
1 1.125241 0.671053 0.671053 0.671053 0.671053 0.596363
1 1.134522 0.649123 0.649123 0.649123 0.649123 0.572155
1 1.143933 0.627193 0.627193 0.627193 0.627193 0.548278
1 1.153477 0.605263 0.605263 0.605263 0.605263 0.524729
1.000306 1.163156 0.583333 0.583333 0.583333 0.583155 0.501509
1.001353 1.172974 0.561404 0.561404 0.561404 0.560645 0.478616
1.003063 1.182933 0.539474 0.539474 0.539474 0.537826 0.456048
1.005367 1.193036 0.517544 0.517544 0.517544 0.514781 0.433804
1.008208 1.203286 0.495614 0.495614 0.495614 0.491579 0.411884
1.011538 1.213687 0.473684 0.473684 0.473684 0.468281 0.390285
1.015316 1.224242 0.451754 0.451754 0.451754 0.44494 0.369007
1.019509 1.234954 0.429825 0.429825 0.429825 0.4216 0.348049
1.024087 1.245827 0.407895 0.407895 0.407895 0.398301 0.327409
1.029028 1.256864 0.385965 0.385965 0.385965 0.375077 0.307086
1.034309 1.268069 0.364035 0.364035 0.364035 0.35196 0.287078
1.039914 1.279445 0.342105 0.342105 0.342105 0.328975 0.267386
1.045827 1.290998 0.320175 0.320175 0.320175 0.306146 0.248006
1.052035 1.30273 0.298246 0.298246 0.298246 0.283494 0.228939
1.058528 1.314645 0.276316 0.276316 0.276316 0.261038 0.210183
1.065296 1.326749 0.254386 0.254386 0.254386 0.238794 0.191736
1.072332 1.339045 0.232456 0.232456 0.232456 0.216776 0.173598
1.07963 1.351539 0.210526 0.210526 0.210526 0.194999 0.155768
1.087183 1.364234 0.188596 0.188596 0.188596 0.173473 0.138244
1.094988 1.377135 0.166667 0.166667 0.166667 0.152209 0.121024
1.10304 1.390249 0.144737 0.144737 0.144737 0.131216 0.104109
1.111339 1.403579 0.122807 0.122807 0.122807 0.110504 0.087496
1.119881 1.417131 0.100877 0.100877 0.100876 0.090078 0.071184
1.128666 1.43091 0.078947 0.078947 0.078926 0.069948 0.055173
1.137693 1.444923 0.057018 0.057018 0.056967 0.050117 0.039461
1.146961 1.459175 0.035088 0.035088 0.035023 0.030592 0.024046
1.156472 1.473673 0.013158 0.013158 0.013117 0.011378 0.008929
1.166227 1.488422 -0.00877 -0.00877 -0.00873 -0.00752 -0.00589
Out-of-plane

Mo-cr/MY
2.011
1.981
1.951
1.921
1.891
1.861
1.831
1.801
1.770
1.740
1.710
1.680
1.650
1.619
1.589
1.559
1.528
1.498
1.467
1.437
1.406
1.375
1.344
1.314
1.283
1.252
1.221
1.189
1.158
1.127
1.095
1.064
1.032
1.000
0.968
0.935
0.903
0.870
0.837
0.804
0.770
0.736
0.702
0.667
0.631
0.595
0.558
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px 1045.903
d 8 L 173.5 Py 352.7546
tw 0.285 Pf 683.6508
bf 8 L/rx 50 ro^2 16.12939 (Ix+Iy)/A
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 2.076137 MY 1375
Sx 27.5
rx 3.47
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0.307449 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 0.434799 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 0.532518 1 1 1
40 0.087719 0.614899 1 1 1
shi 50 0.109649 0.687478 1 1 1
60 0.131579 0.753094 1 1 1
70 0.153509 0.813435 1 1 1
80 0.175439 0.869598 1 1 1
90 0.197368 0.922348 1 1 1
100 0.219298 0.97224 1 1 1
110 0.241228 1.019694 1 1 1
120 0.263158 1.065036 1 1 1
130 0.285088 1.108524 1 1 1
140 0.307018 1.15037 1 1 1
150 0.328947 1.190746 1 1 1
160 0.350877 1.229797 1 1 1
170 0.372807 1.267646 1 1 1
180 0.394737 1.304397 1 1 1
190 0.416667 1.340141 1 1 1
200 0.438596 1.374955 1 1 1
210 0.460526 1.40891 1 1 1
220 0.482456 1.442065 1 1 1
230 0.504386 1.474475 1 1 1
240 0.526316 1.506188 1 1 1
250 0.548246 1.537247 1 1 1
260 0.570175 1.56769 1 1 1
270 0.592105 1.597554 1 1 1.000358
280 0.614035 1.626869 1 1 1.001574
290 0.635965 1.655665 1 1 1.003612
300 0.657895 1.683969 1 1 1.006438
310 0.679825 1.711806 1 1 1.010025
320 0.701754 1.739196 1 1 1.014349
330 0.723684 1.766162 1 1 1.019392
340 0.745614 1.792722 1 1 1.025141
350 0.767544 1.818895 1 1 1.031586
360 0.789474 1.844696 1 1 1.03872
370 0.811404 1.870141 1 1 1.04654
380 0.833333 1.895245 1 1 1.055045
390 0.855263 1.920021 1 1 1.064239
400 0.877193 1.94448 1 1 1.074127
410 0.899123 1.968636 1 1 1.084716
420 0.921053 1.9925 1 1 1.096019
430 0.942982 2.01608 1 1 1.108047
440 0.964912 2.039388 1 1 1.120819
450 0.986842 2.062433 1 1 1.134351
460 1.008772 2.085223 1 1 1.148666
 In-plane
0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1.011933 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.966536
1 1.024106 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.933634
1 1.036525 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.901291
1 1.049198 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.869503
1 1.062134 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.838266
1 1.075338 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.807579
1 1.088821 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.777438
1 1.102591 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.74784
1 1.116656 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.718781
1 1.131027 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.690259
1 1.145713 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 0.662271
1.000158 1.160724 0.736842 0.736842 0.736842 0.736726 0.634813
1.00182 1.176071 0.714912 0.714912 0.714912 0.713614 0.607882
1.005049 1.191765 0.692982 0.692982 0.692982 0.689501 0.581476
1.009607 1.207818 0.671053 0.671053 0.671053 0.664667 0.555591
1.015316 1.224242 0.649123 0.649123 0.649123 0.639331 0.530224
1.022038 1.24105 0.627193 0.627193 0.627193 0.613669 0.505373
1.02967 1.258255 0.605263 0.605263 0.605263 0.587823 0.481034
1.038129 1.275872 0.583333 0.583333 0.583333 0.561909 0.457204
1.047352 1.293914 0.561404 0.561404 0.561404 0.536022 0.43388
1.057289 1.312397 0.539474 0.539474 0.539474 0.510242 0.41106
1.067904 1.331337 0.517544 0.517544 0.517544 0.484635 0.38874
1.079166 1.350752 0.495614 0.495614 0.495614 0.459257 0.366917
1.091054 1.370658 0.473684 0.473684 0.473684 0.434153 0.345589
1.103552 1.391075 0.451754 0.451754 0.451754 0.409364 0.324752
1.116649 1.412022 0.429825 0.429825 0.429825 0.384923 0.304404
1.13034 1.43352 0.407895 0.407895 0.407749 0.36086 0.284541
1.144622 1.45559 0.385965 0.385965 0.385358 0.337199 0.265161
1.159495 1.478255 0.364035 0.364035 0.362725 0.31396 0.24626
1.174963 1.501538 0.342105 0.342105 0.339917 0.291163 0.227836
1.191034 1.525467 0.320175 0.320175 0.316998 0.268821 0.209887
1.207716 1.550066 0.298246 0.298246 0.294027 0.24695 0.192408
1.225022 1.575365 0.276316 0.276316 0.271059 0.22556 0.175398
1.242964 1.601393 0.254386 0.254386 0.248147 0.204661 0.158853
1.261559 1.628182 0.232456 0.232456 0.225339 0.184261 0.14277
1.280826 1.655765 0.210526 0.210526 0.202679 0.164368 0.127147
1.300784 1.684178 0.188596 0.188596 0.18021 0.144987 0.111981
1.321457 1.713457 0.166667 0.166667 0.157971 0.126123 0.097269
1.34287 1.743644 0.144737 0.144737 0.136 0.107782 0.083008
1.365049 1.77478 0.122807 0.122807 0.114332 0.089965 0.069196
1.388025 1.80691 0.100877 0.100877 0.092999 0.072677 0.055829
1.41183 1.840081 0.078947 0.078947 0.072031 0.055918 0.042904
1.436499 1.874346 0.057018 0.057018 0.051458 0.039692 0.03042
1.462069 1.909758 0.035088 0.035088 0.031305 0.023999 0.018373
1.488582 1.946375 0.013158 0.013158 0.011599 0.008839 0.00676
1.516081 1.984259 -0.00877 -0.00877 -0.00764 -0.00579 -0.00442
Out-of-plane

Mo-cr/MY
1.434
1.404
1.373
1.342
1.310
1.279
1.248
1.217
1.185
1.154
1.122
1.090
1.058
1.026
0.993
0.961
0.928
0.895
0.862
0.828
0.794
0.760
0.725
0.689
0.653
0.617
0.579
0.540
0.501
0.459
0.416
0.369
0.319
0.262
0.193
0.089
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px 726.3216
d 8 L 208.2 17.35 Py 244.9685
tw 0.285 Pf 588.0051
bf 8 L/rx 60 ro^2 16.12939 (Ix+Iy)/A
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 2.491364 MY 1375
Sx 27.5
rx 3.47
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0.368939 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 0.521759 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 0.639021 1 1 1
40 0.087719 0.737878 1 1 1
shi 50 0.109649 0.824973 1 1 1
60 0.131579 0.903713 1 1 1
70 0.153509 0.976121 1 1 1
80 0.175439 1.043518 1 1 1
90 0.197368 1.106818 1 1 1
100 0.219298 1.166688 1 1 1
110 0.241228 1.223633 1 1 1
120 0.263158 1.278043 1 1 1
130 0.285088 1.330229 1 1 1
140 0.307018 1.380444 1 1 1
150 0.328947 1.428895 1 1 1
160 0.350877 1.475757 1 1 1
170 0.372807 1.521175 1 1 1
180 0.394737 1.565277 1 1 1
190 0.416667 1.608169 1 1 1.000699
200 0.438596 1.649946 1 1 1.003141
210 0.460526 1.690692 1 1 1.007231
220 0.482456 1.730478 1 1 1.012886
230 0.504386 1.76937 1 1 1.020045
240 0.526316 1.807426 1 1 1.028665
250 0.548246 1.844696 1 1 1.03872
260 0.570175 1.881228 1 1 1.050198
270 0.592105 1.917064 1 1 1.063099
280 0.614035 1.952243 1 1 1.077439
290 0.635965 1.986799 1 1 1.093241
300 0.657895 2.020763 1 1 1.110542
310 0.679825 2.054167 1 1 1.12939
320 0.701754 2.087035 1 1 1.149846
330 0.723684 2.119394 1 1.000317 1.171981
340 0.745614 2.151267 1 1.001675 1.195879
350 0.767544 2.182674 1 1.004123 1.221641
360 0.789474 2.213635 1 1.007693 1.24938
370 0.811404 2.24417 1 1.012428 1.279226
380 0.833333 2.274294 1 1.018382 1.311331
390 0.855263 2.304025 1 1.025622 1.345863
400 0.877193 2.333377 1 1.034227 1.383019
410 0.899123 2.362364 1 1.044291 1.423019
420 0.921053 2.390999 1 1.055927 1.466119
430 0.942982 2.419296 1 1.069266 1.512609
440 0.964912 2.447266 1 1.084463 1.562822
450 0.986842 2.47492 1 1.101696 1.617142
460 1.008772 2.502268 1 1.121178 1.676013
 In-plane AISC Column Strength 352 kips
Out-Plane AISC Column Strength 210 kips
In-Plane AISC Beam Strength 126.6667 kip-ft
Out-Plane AISC Beam Strength 100 kip-ft

In-plane
0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1.017259 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.961476
1 1.035021 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.923788
1 1.053309 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.886929
1 1.072144 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.850894
1 1.091552 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.815674
1 1.111558 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.781265
1 1.13219 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.747658
1 1.153477 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.714848
1.001721 1.17545 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.801253 0.682829
1.006724 1.198142 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.775488 0.651593
1.014331 1.221589 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 0.748052 0.621135
1.024087 1.245827 0.736842 0.736842 0.736842 0.719511 0.591448
1.035681 1.270897 0.714912 0.714912 0.714912 0.690283 0.562526
1.048895 1.296841 0.692982 0.692982 0.692982 0.660679 0.534362
1.063579 1.323705 0.671053 0.671053 0.671053 0.630938 0.50695
1.07963 1.351539 0.649123 0.649123 0.649123 0.601246 0.480284
1.096978 1.380394 0.627193 0.627193 0.627193 0.571746 0.454358
1.11558 1.410327 0.605263 0.605263 0.605263 0.542555 0.429165
1.135413 1.441398 0.583333 0.583333 0.582926 0.513763 0.4047
1.156472 1.473673 0.561404 0.561404 0.559646 0.485445 0.380955
1.178765 1.507222 0.539474 0.539474 0.535601 0.45766 0.357926
1.202311 1.54212 0.517544 0.517544 0.51096 0.430458 0.335605
1.227141 1.578449 0.495614 0.495614 0.485875 0.403877 0.313988
1.253295 1.616299 0.473684 0.473684 0.460484 0.377951 0.293067
1.280826 1.655765 0.451754 0.451754 0.434915 0.352706 0.272837
1.309791 1.696952 0.429825 0.429825 0.40928 0.328163 0.253292
1.34026 1.739972 0.407895 0.407895 0.383684 0.30434 0.234426
1.372313 1.784951 0.385965 0.385965 0.358224 0.281251 0.216233
1.406039 1.832023 0.364035 0.364035 0.332987 0.258908 0.198707
1.44154 1.881335 0.342105 0.342105 0.308053 0.237319 0.181842
1.478926 1.93305 0.320175 0.320175 0.283494 0.216492 0.165632
1.518325 1.987347 0.298246 0.298246 0.259379 0.196431 0.150072
1.559876 2.04442 0.276316 0.276228 0.235768 0.17714 0.135156
1.603735 2.104488 0.254386 0.253961 0.212719 0.158621 0.120878
1.650077 2.167789 0.232456 0.231502 0.190282 0.140876 0.107232
1.699097 2.234589 0.210526 0.208919 0.168505 0.123905 0.094213
1.751011 2.305184 0.188596 0.186281 0.14743 0.107707 0.081814
1.806064 2.379904 0.166667 0.163658 0.127097 0.092282 0.070031
1.864529 2.459118 0.144737 0.141121 0.107542 0.077626 0.058857
1.926714 2.543243 0.122807 0.118743 0.088796 0.063739 0.048288
1.992967 2.632744 0.100877 0.096599 0.07089 0.050617 0.038316
2.063682 2.728152 0.078947 0.074766 0.053848 0.038256 0.028938
2.139307 2.830067 0.057018 0.053324 0.037695 0.026652 0.020147
2.220354 2.939173 0.035088 0.032355 0.022452 0.015803 0.011938
2.307409 3.056256 0.013158 0.011943 0.008137 0.005702 0.004305
2.401148 3.182218 -0.00877 -0.00782 -0.00523 -0.00365 -0.00276
 H1-1
0.771929825 P #VALUE!
0.460526316 0 0 Mrx
126.6666667 10 0.047619 =
0.789473684 20 0.095238
30 0.142857
40 0.190476
50 0.238095
Out-of-plane 60 0.285714
70 0.333333
Mo-cr/MY 80 0.380952
1.109 90 0.428571
1.076 100 0.47619
1.044 110 0.52381
1.012 120 0.571429
0.979 130 0.619048
0.946 140 0.666667
0.913 150 0.714286
0.879 160 0.761905
0.846 170 0.809524
0.811 180 0.857143
0.777 190 0.904762
0.742 200 0.952381
0.706 210 1
0.670 220 1.047619
0.633 230 1.095238
0.596 240 1.142857
0.557 250 1.190476
0.517 260 1.238095
0.476 270 1.285714
0.432 280 1.333333
0.386 290 1.380952
0.336 300 1.428571
0.280 310 1.47619
0.214 320 1.52381
0.121 330 1.571429
#VALUE! 340 1.619048
#VALUE! 350 1.666667
#VALUE! 360 1.714286
#VALUE! 370 1.761905
#VALUE! 380 1.809524
#VALUE! 390 1.857143
#VALUE! 400 1.904762
#VALUE! 410 1.952381
#VALUE! 420 2
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px 533.6241
d 8 L 242.9 Py 179.9768
tw 0.285 Pf 530.3337
bf 8 L/rx 70 ro^2 16.12939 (Ix+Iy)/A
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 2.906592 MY 1375
Sx 27.5
rx 3.47
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0.430429 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 0.608719 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 0.745525 1 1 1
40 0.087719 0.860858 1 1 1
shi 50 0.109649 0.962469 1 1 1
60 0.131579 1.054332 1 1 1
70 0.153509 1.138808 1 1 1
80 0.175439 1.217437 1 1 1
90 0.197368 1.291287 1 1 1
100 0.219298 1.361136 1 1 1
110 0.241228 1.427572 1 1 1
120 0.263158 1.49105 1 1 1
130 0.285088 1.551934 1 1 1
140 0.307018 1.610518 1 1 1.000789
150 0.328947 1.667045 1 1 1.00465
160 0.350877 1.721716 1 1 1.011498
170 0.372807 1.774705 1 1 1.021156
180 0.394737 1.826156 1 1 1.033514
190 0.416667 1.876197 1 1 1.048519
200 0.438596 1.924937 1 1 1.066161
210 0.460526 1.972474 1 1 1.086477
220 0.482456 2.018891 1 1 1.10954
230 0.504386 2.064265 1 1 1.135467
240 0.526316 2.108663 1 1.000103 1.164411
250 0.548246 2.152145 1 1.001728 1.196569
260 0.570175 2.194766 1 1.005375 1.232187
270 0.592105 2.236575 1 1.011132 1.271559
280 0.614035 2.277617 1 1.019122 1.315044
290 0.635965 2.317932 1 1.02951 1.363069
300 0.657895 2.357557 1 1.042508 1.416145
310 0.679825 2.396528 1 1.058383 1.474884
320 0.701754 2.434875 1 1.077469 1.540022
330 0.723684 2.472627 1 1.100177 1.612448
340 0.745614 2.509811 1 1.127021 1.693242
350 0.767544 2.546453 1 1.158639 1.783725
360 0.789474 2.582575 1 1.195826 1.885533
370 0.811404 2.618198 1 1.239587 2.000707
380 0.833333 2.653343 1 1.2912 2.13183
390 0.855263 2.688029 1 1.35231 2.28221
400 0.877193 2.722273 1 1.425069 2.456161
410 0.899123 2.756091 1 1.512334 2.659404
420 0.921053 2.789499 1 1.617988 2.899699
430 0.942982 2.822512 1 1.747428 3.187826
440 0.964912 2.855144 1 1.908383 3.539225
450 0.986842 2.887406 1 2.112323 3.976805
460 1.008772 2.919312 1 2.377023 4.536082
 In-plane
0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1.023614 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.955507
1 1.048175 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.912195
1 1.073739 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.870053
1 1.100368 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.829069
1 1.128128 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.789229
1.000025 1.157091 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.868399 0.750521
1.004002 1.187335 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.843117 0.712934
1.013373 1.218945 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.81368 0.676455
1.026823 1.252015 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.781665 0.641072
1.043574 1.286645 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.748104 0.606773
1.063152 1.322946 0.758772 0.758772 0.758772 0.7137 0.573547
1.085271 1.361041 0.736842 0.736842 0.736842 0.678948 0.541381
1.109764 1.401063 0.714912 0.714912 0.714912 0.644202 0.510264
1.136551 1.443159 0.692982 0.692982 0.692436 0.609724 0.480184
1.16561 1.487492 0.671053 0.671053 0.667947 0.575709 0.45113
1.196969 1.534244 0.649123 0.649123 0.641744 0.542306 0.42309
1.230693 1.583613 0.627193 0.627193 0.614199 0.509626 0.396052
1.266885 1.635824 0.605263 0.605263 0.585636 0.477757 0.370005
1.305679 1.691124 0.583333 0.583333 0.556341 0.446766 0.344938
1.347243 1.749794 0.561404 0.561404 0.526565 0.416705 0.32084
1.391777 1.812146 0.539474 0.539474 0.496535 0.387615 0.297699
1.439519 1.878534 0.517544 0.517544 0.466449 0.359526 0.275504
1.490745 1.949358 0.495614 0.495614 0.436485 0.332461 0.254245
1.545777 2.025074 0.473684 0.473636 0.406802 0.306438 0.23391
1.604988 2.106201 0.451754 0.450975 0.377541 0.281469 0.214488
1.668811 2.193335 0.429825 0.427526 0.348831 0.257563 0.195968
1.737749 2.287162 0.407895 0.403404 0.320783 0.234726 0.178341
1.812386 2.388476 0.385965 0.378723 0.2935 0.21296 0.161595
1.89341 2.498205 0.364035 0.3536 0.26707 0.192264 0.145719
1.981626 2.617432 0.342105 0.328156 0.241575 0.172639 0.130703
2.077987 2.747439 0.320175 0.302514 0.217085 0.15408 0.116536
2.183628 2.889746 0.298246 0.276802 0.193663 0.136583 0.103208
2.299909 3.046173 0.276316 0.251156 0.171364 0.120142 0.090709
2.428475 3.21892 0.254386 0.225715 0.150236 0.104751 0.079028
2.571331 3.410667 0.232456 0.200629 0.130321 0.090403 0.068156
2.73095 3.624715 0.210526 0.176051 0.111653 0.077089 0.058081
2.910412 3.865175 0.188596 0.152145 0.094265 0.064801 0.048794
3.113607 4.137238 0.166667 0.129079 0.07818 0.053528 0.040285
3.345514 4.447548 0.144737 0.107029 0.06342 0.043263 0.032543
3.612616 4.80475 0.122807 0.086176 0.05 0.033994 0.02556
3.923509 5.22031 0.100877 0.066703 0.037932 0.025711 0.019324
4.289842 5.70976 0.078947 0.048794 0.027226 0.018403 0.013827
4.727799 6.294684 0.057018 0.032629 0.017886 0.01206 0.009058
5.260547 7.005973 0.035088 0.018386 0.009914 0.00667 0.005008
5.922461 7.889461 0.013158 0.006229 0.003309 0.002222 0.001668
6.766821 9.016191 -0.00877 -0.00369 -0.00193 -0.0013 -0.00097
Out-of-plane

Mo-cr/MY
0.902
0.869
0.835
0.800
0.765
0.730
0.694
0.657
0.620
0.581
0.542
0.501
0.458
0.413
0.365
0.312
0.251
0.175
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px 408.5559
d 8 L 277.6 Py 137.7948
tw 0.285 Pf 492.9028
bf 8 L/rx 80 ro^2 16.12939 (Ix+Iy)/A
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 3.321819 MY 1375
Sx 27.5
rx 3.47
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0.491919 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 0.695678 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 0.852029 1 1 1
40 0.087719 0.983838 1 1 1
shi 50 0.109649 1.099964 1 1 1
60 0.131579 1.20495 1 1 1
70 0.153509 1.301495 1 1 1
80 0.175439 1.391357 1 1 1
90 0.197368 1.475757 1 1 1
100 0.219298 1.555584 1 1 1
110 0.241228 1.631511 1 1 1.001846
120 0.263158 1.704057 1 1 1.008945
130 0.285088 1.773639 1 1 1.020931
140 0.307018 1.840592 1 1 1.037532
150 0.328947 1.905194 1 1 1.05864
160 0.350877 1.967676 1 1 1.084279
170 0.372807 2.028234 1 1 1.114595
180 0.394737 2.087035 1 1 1.149846
190 0.416667 2.144225 1 1.00128 1.190411
200 0.438596 2.199929 1 1.005965 1.2368
210 0.460526 2.254256 1 1.014274 1.289669
220 0.482456 2.307304 1 1.026509 1.349858
230 0.504386 2.35916 1 1.043098 1.418427
240 0.526316 2.409901 1 1.064622 1.496716
250 0.548246 2.459595 1 1.091859 1.586432
260 0.570175 2.508304 1 1.125837 1.689764
270 0.592105 2.556086 1 1.167925 1.809556
280 0.614035 2.602991 1 1.219953 1.949559
290 0.635965 2.649065 1 1.284407 2.114814
300 0.657895 2.694351 1 1.364727 2.312246
310 0.679825 2.738889 1 1.465786 2.551624
320 0.701754 2.782714 1 1.594698 2.847181
330 0.723684 2.825859 1 1.762251 3.220471
340 0.745614 2.868356 1 1.985605 3.705768
350 0.767544 2.910232 1 2.293786 4.361056
360 0.789474 2.951514 1 2.740063 5.292789
370 0.811404 2.992226 1 3.43396 6.719906
380 0.833333 3.032392 1 4.64218 9.175694
390 0.855263 3.072033 1 7.228582 14.38774
400 0.877193 3.111169 1 16.45217 32.87394
410 0.899123 3.149818 1 -60.7905 -121.573
420 0.921053 3.187999 1 -10.8014 -21.5564
430 0.942982 3.225728 1 -5.99174 -11.8996
440 0.964912 3.263021 1 -4.18813 -8.25556
450 0.986842 3.299893 1 -3.25014 -6.34358
460 1.008772 3.336357 1 -2.67942 -5.16702
 In-plane
0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1.03103 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.948634
1 1.063704 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.898878
1 1.098153 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.850711
1 1.134522 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.80411
1.001353 1.172974 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.889148 0.759054
1.011538 1.213687 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.858516 0.715523
1.029028 1.256864 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.822613 0.673495
1.052035 1.30273 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.783778 0.632949
1.07963 1.351539 0.802632 0.802632 0.802632 0.743432 0.593865
1.111339 1.403579 0.780702 0.780702 0.780702 0.702487 0.556222
1.146961 1.459175 0.758772 0.758772 0.757374 0.66155 0.52
1.186473 1.5187 0.736842 0.736842 0.730309 0.621036 0.485179
1.229981 1.582578 0.714912 0.714912 0.700255 0.581239 0.451739
1.277697 1.651297 0.692982 0.692982 0.667914 0.542368 0.419659
1.329932 1.725421 0.671053 0.671053 0.633882 0.504577 0.388921
1.38709 1.805605 0.649123 0.649123 0.598668 0.467974 0.359504
1.44968 1.892614 0.627193 0.627193 0.562709 0.432642 0.33139
1.518325 1.987347 0.605263 0.605263 0.526386 0.398639 0.304558
1.593781 2.090869 0.583333 0.582588 0.490027 0.366006 0.278991
1.676967 2.20445 0.561404 0.558075 0.453916 0.334773 0.254668
1.769001 2.329615 0.539474 0.531881 0.418304 0.30496 0.231572
1.871249 2.468215 0.517544 0.504179 0.383406 0.276577 0.209683
1.985393 2.622518 0.495614 0.475137 0.349411 0.24963 0.188984
2.113523 2.795332 0.473684 0.444932 0.316482 0.224121 0.169455
2.258266 2.990174 0.451754 0.413748 0.284761 0.200045 0.15108
2.422963 3.211518 0.429825 0.381782 0.25437 0.177396 0.133838
2.611931 3.465129 0.407895 0.349247 0.225412 0.156166 0.117714
2.830842 3.758582 0.385965 0.316377 0.197976 0.136343 0.102689
3.087295 4.10202 0.364035 0.283427 0.172136 0.117914 0.088745
3.391713 4.509346 0.342105 0.250677 0.147954 0.100865 0.075866
3.758781 5.000148 0.320175 0.218433 0.125479 0.085181 0.064033
4.209873 5.602932 0.298246 0.187023 0.104751 0.070844 0.05323
4.777347 6.360847 0.276316 0.156797 0.0858 0.057839 0.04344
5.512637 7.342477 0.254386 0.128115 0.068646 0.046146 0.034646
6.502735 8.663817 0.232456 0.101342 0.053303 0.035747 0.026831
7.907343 10.53781 0.210526 0.076833 0.039776 0.026624 0.019978
10.05489 13.40235 0.188596 0.054921 0.028065 0.018757 0.014072
13.74531 18.32404 0.166667 0.035903 0.018164 0.012125 0.009096
21.57001 28.75808 0.144737 0.020023 0.01006 0.00671 0.005033
49.30583 65.74027 0.122807 0.007464 0.003736 0.002491 0.001868
-182.358 -243.144 0.100877 -0.00166 -0.00083 -0.00055 -0.00041
-32.3268 -43.1012 0.078947 -0.00731 -0.00366 -0.00244 -0.00183
-17.8353 -23.7781 0.057018 -0.00952 -0.00479 -0.0032 -0.0024
-12.3631 -16.4807 0.035088 -0.00838 -0.00425 -0.00284 -0.00213
-9.48889 -12.6474 0.013158 -0.00405 -0.00207 -0.00139 -0.00104
-7.7179 -10.2851 -0.00877 0.003274 0.001698 0.001137 0.000853
Out-of-plane

Mo-cr/MY
0.761
0.726
0.689
0.652
0.615
0.576
0.536
0.495
0.451
0.405
0.356
0.301
0.238
0.155
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px 322.8096
d 8 L 312.3 Py 108.8749
tw 0.285 Pf 467.2402
bf 8 L/rx 90 ro^2 16.12939 (Ix+Iy)/A
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 3.737047 MY 1375
Sx 27.5
rx 3.47
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0.553409 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 0.782638 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 0.958532 1 1 1
40 0.087719 1.106818 1 1 1
shi 50 0.109649 1.23746 1 1 1
60 0.131579 1.355569 1 1 1
70 0.153509 1.464182 1 1 1
80 0.175439 1.565277 1 1 1
90 0.197368 1.660227 1 1 1.004012
100 0.219298 1.750032 1 1 1.016281
110 0.241228 1.835449 1 1 1.036073
120 0.263158 1.917064 1 1 1.063099
130 0.285088 1.995344 1 1 1.097424
140 0.307018 2.070666 1 1 1.139413
150 0.328947 2.143343 1 1.001234 1.189734
160 0.350877 2.213635 1 1.007693 1.24938
170 0.372807 2.281763 1 1.020069 1.319729
180 0.394737 2.347915 1 1.03907 1.402648
190 0.416667 2.412253 1 1.065764 1.500651
200 0.438596 2.47492 1 1.101696 1.617142
210 0.460526 2.536038 1 1.149075 1.756795
220 0.482456 2.595718 1 1.211077 1.926165
230 0.504386 2.654056 1 1.292346 2.134693
240 0.526316 2.711139 1 1.399872 2.396452
250 0.548246 2.767044 1 1.544586 2.733343
260 0.570175 2.821842 1 1.744503 3.181376
270 0.592105 2.875597 1 2.031465 3.804157
280 0.614035 2.928364 1 2.467468 4.725536
290 0.635965 2.980198 1 3.191331 6.222966
300 0.657895 3.031145 1 4.591198 9.072501
310 0.679825 3.08125 1 8.321171 16.58209
320 0.701754 3.130553 1 45.2983 90.58556
330 0.723684 3.179092 1 -13.3555 -26.6736
340 0.745614 3.2269 1 -5.91078 -11.7365
350 0.767544 3.274011 1 -3.85271 -7.57395
360 0.789474 3.320453 1 -2.89872 -5.62087
370 0.811404 3.366255 1 -2.3545 -4.4888
380 0.833333 3.411441 1 -2.00673 -3.75114
390 0.855263 3.456037 1 -1.76805 -3.23323
400 0.877193 3.500065 1 -1.59606 -2.85027
410 0.899123 3.543546 1 -1.46772 -2.55613
420 0.921053 3.586499 1 -1.36942 -2.32356
430 0.942982 3.628944 1 -1.29264 -2.13544
440 0.964912 3.670899 1 -1.23178 -1.98045
450 0.986842 3.712379 1 -1.18298 -1.85084
460 1.008772 3.753401 1 -1.14356 -1.7411
 In-plane
0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1.039543 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.940865
1 1.081775 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.883863
1 1.126972 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.828956
1.001721 1.17545 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.910713 0.776112
1.016583 1.227573 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.875827 0.725294
1.042096 1.283757 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.833341 0.676469
1.075493 1.344487 0.846491 0.846491 0.846491 0.787073 0.629602
1.11558 1.410327 0.824561 0.824561 0.824561 0.739133 0.58466
1.161929 1.481938 0.802632 0.802632 0.799424 0.690775 0.54161
1.214563 1.5601 0.780702 0.780702 0.768195 0.642784 0.500418
1.273811 1.645742 0.758772 0.758772 0.732354 0.595671 0.461052
1.34026 1.739972 0.736842 0.736842 0.693107 0.549775 0.423479
1.414744 1.844134 0.714912 0.714912 0.651446 0.50533 0.387668
1.498366 1.959864 0.692982 0.692982 0.608193 0.462492 0.353587
1.592545 2.089178 0.671053 0.670225 0.564036 0.421371 0.321204
1.699097 2.234589 0.649123 0.644167 0.519556 0.38204 0.290489
1.820349 2.399271 0.627193 0.614854 0.475244 0.344545 0.26141
1.959308 2.58729 0.605263 0.582505 0.431515 0.308917 0.233937
2.119914 2.803942 0.583333 0.547338 0.38872 0.275168 0.20804
2.307409 3.056256 0.561404 0.509581 0.347158 0.243305 0.18369
2.528923 3.353765 0.539474 0.469485 0.307078 0.213322 0.160856
2.794383 3.70973 0.517544 0.427342 0.268691 0.185209 0.13951
3.118033 4.143163 0.495614 0.383499 0.232171 0.158951 0.119622
3.521053 4.682322 0.473684 0.338377 0.197661 0.134529 0.101164
4.036356 5.371104 0.451754 0.292476 0.165275 0.111921 0.084108
4.718007 6.281609 0.429825 0.246388 0.135107 0.091103 0.068426
5.661464 7.541123 0.407895 0.200788 0.107223 0.072048 0.054089
7.05254 9.397409 0.385965 0.156421 0.081676 0.054727 0.041071
9.307452 12.40543 0.364035 0.11407 0.058499 0.039112 0.029345
13.59031 18.11734 0.342105 0.074513 0.037708 0.025173 0.018883
24.86307 33.14909 0.320175 0.038477 0.019309 0.012878 0.009659
135.8765 181.1684 0.298246 0.006584 0.003292 0.002195 0.001646
-40.0041 -53.3378 0.276316 -0.02069 -0.01036 -0.00691 -0.00518
-17.5905 -23.4517 0.254386 -0.04304 -0.02167 -0.01446 -0.01085
-11.3388 -15.1147 0.232456 -0.06034 -0.03069 -0.0205 -0.01538
-8.40137 -11.1968 0.210526 -0.07263 -0.03745 -0.02506 -0.0188
-6.69549 -8.92102 0.188596 -0.0801 -0.04201 -0.02817 -0.02114
-5.58128 -7.4341 0.166667 -0.08305 -0.04443 -0.02986 -0.02242
-4.79671 -6.3867 0.144737 -0.08186 -0.04477 -0.03017 -0.02266
-4.21458 -5.60922 0.122807 -0.07694 -0.04309 -0.02914 -0.02189
-3.76567 -5.00936 0.100877 -0.06873 -0.03946 -0.02679 -0.02014
-3.40911 -4.53262 0.078947 -0.05765 -0.03398 -0.02316 -0.01742
-3.11919 -4.14471 0.057018 -0.04411 -0.0267 -0.01828 -0.01376
-2.87893 -3.823 0.035088 -0.02849 -0.01772 -0.01219 -0.00918
-2.67668 -3.55196 0.013158 -0.01112 -0.00711 -0.00492 -0.0037
-2.50417 -3.32054 -0.00877 0.007671 0.005038 0.003503 0.002642
Out-of-plane

Mo-cr/MY
0.659
0.621
0.582
0.542
0.501
0.458
0.412
0.363
0.309
0.246
0.167
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px 261.4758
d 8 L 347 Py 88.18865
tw 0.285 Pf 448.884
bf 8 L/rx 100 ro^2 16.12939 (Ix+Iy)/A
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 4.152274 MY 1375
Sx 27.5
rx 3.47
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0.614899 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 0.869598 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 1.065036 1 1 1
40 0.087719 1.229797 1 1 1
shi 50 0.109649 1.374955 1 1 1
60 0.131579 1.506188 1 1 1
70 0.153509 1.626869 1 1 1.001574
80 0.175439 1.739196 1 1 1.014349
90 0.197368 1.844696 1 1 1.03872
100 0.219298 1.94448 1 1 1.074127
110 0.241228 2.039388 1 1 1.120819
120 0.263158 2.130072 1 1.00065 1.179746
130 0.285088 2.217049 1 1.00816 1.25259
140 0.307018 2.30074 1 1.024752 1.3419
150 0.328947 2.381492 1 1.051866 1.451391
160 0.350877 2.459595 1 1.091859 1.586432
170 0.372807 2.535292 1 1.148409 1.754906
180 0.394737 2.608794 1 1.22727 1.968714
190 0.416667 2.680281 1 1.337664 2.246571
200 0.438596 2.749911 1 1.495059 2.619559
210 0.460526 2.81782 1 1.727219 3.143215
220 0.482456 2.884131 1 2.089096 3.927312
230 0.504386 2.948951 1 2.706507 5.223222
240 0.526316 3.012376 1 3.944432 7.760529
250 0.548246 3.074494 1 7.490746 14.91452
260 0.570175 3.135381 1 80.49128 160.9763
270 0.592105 3.195107 1 -9.3744 -18.6954
280 0.614035 3.253738 1 -4.52364 -8.93571
290 0.635965 3.311331 1 -3.04379 -5.91981
300 0.657895 3.367939 1 -2.33888 -4.45596
310 0.679825 3.423611 1 -1.9334 -3.59331
320 0.701754 3.478392 1 -1.67441 -3.02601
330 0.723684 3.532324 1 -1.49767 -2.6256
340 0.745614 3.585445 1 -1.37156 -2.32871
350 0.767544 3.63779 1 -1.2787 -2.10047
360 0.789474 3.689392 1 -1.20878 -1.92009
370 0.811404 3.740283 1 -1.15532 -1.77443
380 0.833333 3.79049 1 -1.11406 -1.65478
390 0.855263 3.840041 1 -1.08209 -1.55514
400 0.877193 3.888961 1 -1.05735 -1.47121
410 0.899123 3.937273 1 -1.03838 -1.39989
420 0.921053 3.984999 1 -1.02409 -1.33884
430 0.942982 4.03216 1 -1.01367 -1.28629
440 0.964912 4.078777 1 -1.0065 -1.24086
450 0.986842 4.124866 1 -1.00213 -1.20147
460 1.008772 4.170446 1 -1.00017 -1.16726
 In-plane
0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1.049198 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.932207
1 1.102591 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.867176
1.000158 1.160724 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.934063 0.804852
1.015316 1.224242 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.898519 0.74518
1.047352 1.293914 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.850097 0.688107
1.091054 1.370658 0.868421 0.868421 0.868421 0.795947 0.633579
1.144622 1.45559 0.846491 0.846491 0.845161 0.739538 0.581545
1.207716 1.550066 0.824561 0.824561 0.812897 0.682744 0.531952
1.280826 1.655765 0.802632 0.802632 0.772712 0.626652 0.48475
1.365049 1.77478 0.780702 0.780702 0.726825 0.571922 0.439887
1.462069 1.909758 0.758772 0.758772 0.67698 0.518971 0.397313
1.574231 2.064099 0.736842 0.736363 0.624577 0.468065 0.35698
1.704718 2.242239 0.714912 0.709126 0.570747 0.419373 0.318839
1.857855 2.450082 0.692982 0.676244 0.516419 0.373001 0.28284
2.039588 2.695658 0.671053 0.637964 0.462351 0.329014 0.248938
2.258266 2.990174 0.649123 0.594512 0.409171 0.287443 0.217085
2.525944 3.349767 0.627193 0.546141 0.357394 0.2483 0.187235
2.860663 3.798535 0.605263 0.493178 0.307441 0.211581 0.159341
3.290648 4.37415 0.583333 0.436084 0.259655 0.17727 0.133359
3.862645 5.13897 0.561404 0.375506 0.214312 0.145342 0.109244
4.660066 6.204236 0.539474 0.312337 0.171631 0.115765 0.086952
5.84766 7.789632 0.517544 0.247736 0.131781 0.088504 0.06644
7.802559 10.39802 0.495614 0.183119 0.094887 0.063519 0.047664
11.61921 15.48867 0.473684 0.120089 0.061038 0.040767 0.030583
22.36059 29.81225 0.451754 0.060308 0.03029 0.020203 0.015153
241.4635 321.9511 0.429825 0.00534 0.00267 0.00178 0.001335
-28.0341 -37.3773 0.407895 -0.04351 -0.02182 -0.01455 -0.01091
-13.3848 -17.8433 0.385965 -0.08532 -0.04319 -0.02884 -0.02163
-8.85131 -11.797 0.364035 -0.1196 -0.06149 -0.04113 -0.03086
-6.64595 -8.85491 0.342105 -0.14627 -0.07677 -0.05148 -0.03863
-5.34244 -7.11529 0.320175 -0.1656 -0.0891 -0.05993 -0.045
-4.48198 -5.96641 0.298246 -0.17812 -0.09856 -0.06654 -0.04999
-3.87188 -5.15131 0.276316 -0.1845 -0.10524 -0.07136 -0.05364
-3.41703 -4.54321 0.254386 -0.18547 -0.10924 -0.07445 -0.05599
-3.0651 -4.0723 0.232456 -0.18179 -0.11067 -0.07584 -0.05708
-2.7849 -3.69702 0.210526 -0.17416 -0.10964 -0.0756 -0.05694
-2.5567 -3.39104 0.188596 -0.16324 -0.10629 -0.07377 -0.05562
-2.36741 -3.1369 0.166667 -0.1496 -0.10072 -0.0704 -0.05313
-2.20799 -2.92253 0.144737 -0.13376 -0.09307 -0.06555 -0.04952
-2.072 -2.73937 0.122807 -0.11615 -0.08347 -0.05927 -0.04483
-1.95474 -2.58112 0.100877 -0.09715 -0.07206 -0.05161 -0.03908
-1.8527 -2.44311 0.078947 -0.07709 -0.05897 -0.04261 -0.03231
-1.76319 -2.32173 0.057018 -0.05625 -0.04433 -0.03234 -0.02456
-1.68412 -2.2142 0.035088 -0.03486 -0.02828 -0.02083 -0.01585
-1.61386 -2.11833 0.013158 -0.01313 -0.01095 -0.00815 -0.00621
-1.55109 -2.03237 -0.00877 0.00877 0.007515 0.005655 0.004316
Out-of-plane

Mo-cr/MY
0.581
0.541
0.499
0.456
0.410
0.360
0.306
0.242
0.161
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.059
0.188
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px 216.0957
d 8 L 381.7 Py 72.88318
tw 0.285 Pf 435.3024
bf 8 L/rx 110 ro^2 16.12939 (Ix+Iy)/A
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 4.567501 MY 1375
Sx 27.5
rx 3.47
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0.676389 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 0.956558 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 1.171539 1 1 1
40 0.087719 1.352777 1 1 1
50 0.109649 1.512451 1 1 1
60 0.131579 1.656807 1 1 1.00371
70 0.153509 1.789556 1 1 1.024414
80 0.175439 1.913116 1 1 1.061595
90 0.197368 2.029166 1 1 1.115107
100 0.219298 2.138928 1 1.001019 1.18637
110 0.241228 2.243327 1 1.01228 1.278368
120 0.263158 2.343079 1 1.037414 1.396024
130 0.285088 2.438754 1 1.079612 1.547062
140 0.307018 2.530814 1 1.144457 1.743663
150 0.328947 2.619642 1 1.24153 2.005727
160 0.350877 2.705554 1 1.387816 2.367694
170 0.372807 2.788822 1 1.615616 2.89436
180 0.394737 2.869674 1 1.993756 3.72328
190 0.416667 2.948309 1 2.698258 5.206111
200 0.438596 3.024902 1 4.352582 8.589123
210 0.460526 3.099602 1 11.93186 23.82175
220 0.482456 3.172544 1 -16.1726 -32.3143
230 0.504386 3.243846 1 -4.94927 -9.79672
240 0.526316 3.313614 1 -3.00599 -5.84201
250 0.548246 3.381943 1 -2.21793 -4.20092
260 0.570175 3.448919 1 -1.80107 -3.30567
270 0.592105 3.514618 1 -1.54924 -2.74398
280 0.614035 3.579112 1 -1.38468 -2.3602
290 0.635965 3.642464 1 -1.27159 -2.08251
300 0.657895 3.704733 1 -1.19124 -1.87321
310 0.679825 3.765972 1 -1.13297 -1.71059
320 0.701754 3.826232 1 -1.09024 -1.58129
330 0.723684 3.885557 1 -1.05888 -1.47665
340 0.745614 3.943989 1 -1.03612 -1.39077
350 0.767544 4.001569 1 -1.02003 -1.31956
360 0.789474 4.058331 1 -1.00929 -1.26005
370 0.811404 4.114311 1 -1.00291 -1.21004
380 0.833333 4.169539 1 -1.00019 -1.1679
390 0.855263 4.224045 1 1 -1.13236
400 0.877193 4.277857 1 1 -1.10245
410 0.899123 4.331 1 1 -1.07741
420 0.921053 4.383499 1 1 -1.05663
430 0.942982 4.435377 1 1 -1.03963
440 0.964912 4.486654 1 1 -1.02603
450 0.986842 4.537353 1 1 -1.01552
460 1.008772 4.587491 1 1 -1.00785
 0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo-cr/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.520
1 1.060046 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.922668 0.478
1 1.126395 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.84885 0.433
1.007266 1.200067 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.927472 0.778465 0.385
1.041364 1.282317 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.876044 0.711432 0.333
1.093505 1.3747 0.890351 0.890351 0.890351 0.814217 0.647669 0.274
1.160102 1.479174 0.868421 0.868421 0.865211 0.748573 0.587099 0.203
1.240777 1.59823 0.846491 0.846491 0.826317 0.682227 0.529643 0.095
1.336798 1.735098 0.824561 0.824561 0.776719 0.616818 0.475225 #VALUE!
1.450705 1.894032 0.802632 0.802632 0.71978 0.55327 0.423769 #VALUE!
1.586394 2.080758 0.780702 0.779907 0.658059 0.492124 0.375201 #VALUE!
1.749528 2.303169 0.758772 0.749567 0.593547 0.433701 0.329447 #VALUE!
1.948328 2.572454 0.736842 0.710268 0.527815 0.378192 0.286435 #VALUE!
2.194981 2.905027 0.714912 0.662194 0.46211 0.325703 0.246095 #VALUE!
2.508211 3.325968 0.692982 0.605512 0.397429 0.276286 0.208355 #VALUE!
2.918211 3.875622 0.671053 0.540504 0.334568 0.229953 0.173147 #VALUE!
3.476911 4.623292 0.649123 0.46773 0.274158 0.186695 0.140403 #VALUE!
4.281715 5.698903 0.627193 0.388207 0.216695 0.146482 0.110055 #VALUE!
5.539132 7.377842 0.605263 0.303579 0.162562 0.10927 0.082038 #VALUE!
7.776784 10.36364 0.583333 0.216189 0.112048 0.07501 0.056287 #VALUE!
12.8642 17.14902 0.561404 0.128982 0.065362 0.043641 0.032737 #VALUE!
35.72563 47.633 0.539474 0.045213 0.022646 0.0151 0.011326 #VALUE!
-48.4663 -64.6208 0.517544 -0.032 -0.01602 -0.01068 -0.00801 #VALUE!
-14.678 -19.5678 0.495614 -0.10014 -0.05059 -0.03377 -0.02533 #VALUE!
-8.73422 -11.6408 0.473684 -0.15758 -0.08108 -0.05423 -0.04069 #VALUE!
-6.26101 -8.34125 0.451754 -0.20368 -0.10754 -0.07215 -0.05416 #VALUE!
-4.9066 -6.53343 0.429825 -0.23865 -0.13003 -0.0876 -0.06579 #VALUE!
-4.05258 -5.39278 0.407895 -0.26329 -0.14865 -0.10065 -0.07564 #VALUE!
-3.4654 -4.60789 0.385965 -0.27874 -0.16353 -0.11138 -0.08376 #VALUE!
-3.0373 -4.03509 0.364035 -0.28628 -0.17481 -0.11985 -0.09022 #VALUE!
-2.71168 -3.59888 0.342105 -0.28718 -0.18263 -0.12616 -0.09506 #VALUE!
-2.45595 -3.25581 0.320175 -0.2826 -0.18717 -0.13037 -0.09834 #VALUE!
-2.25003 -2.97909 0.298246 -0.27356 -0.18861 -0.13255 -0.10011 #VALUE!
-2.08086 -2.75132 0.276316 -0.26095 -0.18712 -0.13279 -0.10043 #VALUE!
-1.93961 -2.56068 0.254386 -0.24552 -0.18291 -0.13115 -0.09934 #VALUE!
-1.82007 -2.39889 0.232456 -0.22789 -0.17616 -0.12772 -0.0969 #VALUE!
-1.71774 -2.25996 0.210526 -0.20859 -0.16708 -0.12256 -0.09316 #VALUE!
-1.62931 -2.13945 0.188596 -0.18805 -0.15586 -0.11575 -0.08815 #VALUE!
-1.55228 -2.034 0.166667 -0.16664 -0.14271 -0.10737 -0.08194 #VALUE!
-1.48472 -1.94104 0.144737 0.144737 -0.12782 -0.09748 -0.07457 #VALUE!
-1.42511 -1.85853 0.122807 0.122807 -0.11139 -0.08617 -0.06608 #VALUE!
-1.37226 -1.78487 0.100877 0.100877 -0.09363 -0.07351 -0.05652 #VALUE!
-1.32522 -1.71877 0.078947 0.078947 -0.07472 -0.05957 -0.04593 #VALUE!
-1.28321 -1.65917 0.057018 0.057018 -0.05484 -0.04443 -0.03436 #VALUE!
-1.24561 -1.60522 0.035088 0.035088 -0.0342 -0.02817 -0.02186 0.121
-1.21189 -1.55619 0.013158 0.013158 -0.01296 -0.01086 -0.00846 0.217
-1.18163 -1.51149 -0.00877 -0.00877 0.008704 0.007424 0.005803 0.286
Consider a wide flange section W8x31
A 9.12 sy 50 Px 181.5804
d 8 L 416.4 Py 61.24212
tw 0.285 Pf 424.9725
bf 8 L/rx 120 ro^2 16.12939 (Ix+Iy)/A
tf 0.435
Ix 110 L/rx (sy/E)^0.5 4.982729 MY 1375
Sx 27.5
rx 3.47
Iy 37.1 k -1 -0.5 0
Sy 9.27 P P/PY FvL j j j
ry 2.02 0 0 0 1 1 1
10 0.02193 0.737878 1 1 1
J 0.536 20 0.04386 1.043518 1 1 1
Iw 531 30 0.065789 1.278043 1 1 1
40 0.087719 1.475757 1 1 1
50 0.109649 1.649946 1 1 1.003141
60 0.131579 1.807426 1 1 1.028665
70 0.153509 1.952243 1 1 1.077439
80 0.175439 2.087035 1 1 1.149846
90 0.197368 2.213635 1 1.007693 1.24938
100 0.219298 2.333377 1 1.034227 1.383019
110 0.241228 2.447266 1 1.084463 1.562822
120 0.263158 2.556086 1 1.167925 1.809556
130 0.285088 2.660459 1 1.302839 2.160832
140 0.307018 2.760888 1 1.526195 2.691251
150 0.328947 2.857791 1 1.92323 3.571336
160 0.350877 2.951514 1 2.740063 5.292789
170 0.372807 3.042351 1 5.095896 10.09295
180 0.394737 3.130553 1 45.2983 90.58556
190 0.416667 3.216338 1 -6.73293 -13.3913
200 0.438596 3.299893 1 -3.25014 -6.34358
210 0.460526 3.381384 1 -2.22248 -4.21053
220 0.482456 3.460957 1 -1.74619 -3.18509
230 0.504386 3.538741 1 -1.4803 -2.58538
240 0.526316 3.614851 1 -1.31624 -2.194
250 0.548246 3.689392 1 -1.20878 -1.92009
260 0.570175 3.762457 1 -1.13586 -1.71899
270 0.592105 3.834129 1 -1.08551 -1.56619
280 0.614035 3.904486 1 -1.05071 -1.44715
290 0.635965 3.973597 1 -1.02714 -1.35266
300 0.657895 4.041527 1 -1.01199 -1.27667
310 0.679825 4.108333 1 -1.00341 -1.21501
320 0.701754 4.174071 1 -1.00011 -1.16472
330 0.723684 4.238789 1 1 -1.12368
340 0.745614 4.302534 1 1 -1.0903
350 0.767544 4.365348 1 1 -1.0634
360 0.789474 4.427271 1 1 -1.04207
370 0.811404 4.488339 1 1 -1.02564
380 0.833333 4.548588 1 1 -1.01357
390 0.855263 4.608049 1 1 -1.00547
400 0.877193 4.666753 1 1 -1.00104
410 0.899123 4.724727 1 1 1
420 0.921053 4.781999 1 1 1
430 0.942982 4.838593 1 1 1
440 0.964912 4.894532 1 1 1
450 0.986842 4.949839 1 1 1
460 1.008772 5.004535 1 1 1
 0.5 1 k -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
j j Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo/MY Mo-cr/MY
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.471
1 1.072144 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.97807 0.912256 0.426
1 1.153477 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.95614 0.82892 0.377
1.024087 1.245827 0.934211 0.934211 0.934211 0.912237 0.749872 0.324
1.07963 1.351539 0.912281 0.912281 0.912281 0.844994 0.674994 0.264
1.156472 1.473673 0.890351 0.890351 0.887563 0.769885 0.604171 0.190
1.253295 1.616299 0.868421 0.868421 0.844221 0.69291 0.53729 0.062
1.372313 1.784951 0.846491 0.846491 0.785651 0.616835 0.474238 #VALUE!
1.518325 1.987347 0.824561 0.824561 0.717106 0.543073 0.414906 #VALUE!
1.699097 2.234589 0.802632 0.796504 0.642424 0.472387 0.359185 #VALUE!
1.926714 2.543243 0.780702 0.754865 0.564491 0.405199 0.306971 #VALUE!
2.220354 2.939173 0.758772 0.699676 0.485514 0.341735 0.258158 #VALUE!
2.611931 3.465129 0.736842 0.630899 0.407195 0.282106 0.212645 #VALUE!
3.158416 4.197212 0.714912 0.548734 0.330851 0.226351 0.17033 #VALUE!
3.972129 5.285281 0.692982 0.454059 0.257495 0.174461 0.131116 #VALUE!
5.30917 7.07088 0.671053 0.34892 0.1879 0.126395 0.094904 #VALUE!
7.907343 10.53781 0.649123 0.236901 0.122643 0.082091 0.061599 #VALUE!
15.12287 20.16106 0.627193 0.123078 0.062142 0.041473 0.031109 #VALUE!
135.8765 181.1684 0.605263 0.013362 0.006682 0.004455 0.003341 #VALUE!
-20.0745 -26.7639 0.583333 -0.08664 -0.04356 -0.02906 -0.0218 #VALUE!
-9.48889 -12.6474 0.561404 -0.17273 -0.0885 -0.05916 -0.04439 #VALUE!
-6.27551 -8.36061 0.539474 -0.24274 -0.12812 -0.08596 -0.06453 #VALUE!
-4.72365 -6.28914 0.517544 -0.29639 -0.16249 -0.10956 -0.08229 #VALUE!
-3.81041 -5.06915 0.495614 -0.33481 -0.1917 -0.13007 -0.09777 #VALUE!
-3.20961 -4.26572 0.473684 -0.35988 -0.2159 -0.14758 -0.11104 #VALUE!
-2.7849 -3.69702 0.451754 -0.37373 -0.23528 -0.16222 -0.12219 #VALUE!
-2.46923 -3.27364 0.429825 -0.37841 -0.25005 -0.17407 -0.1313 #VALUE!
-2.22577 -2.94646 0.407895 -0.37576 -0.26044 -0.18326 -0.13844 #VALUE!
-2.03263 -2.68627 0.385965 -0.36734 -0.26671 -0.18988 -0.14368 #VALUE!
-1.87596 -2.47459 0.364035 -0.35442 -0.26912 -0.19405 -0.14711 #VALUE!
-1.7466 -2.29919 0.342105 -0.33805 -0.26797 -0.19587 -0.14879 #VALUE!
-1.63823 -2.15162 0.320175 -0.31909 -0.26352 -0.19544 -0.14881 #VALUE!
-1.54636 -2.02588 0.298246 -0.29821 -0.25607 -0.19287 -0.14722 #VALUE!
-1.46772 -1.91758 0.276316 0.276316 -0.2459 -0.18826 -0.1441 #VALUE!
-1.39987 -1.82343 0.254386 0.254386 -0.23332 -0.18172 -0.13951 #VALUE!
-1.34094 -1.74093 0.232456 0.232456 -0.2186 -0.17335 -0.13352 #VALUE!
-1.2895 -1.66814 0.210526 0.210526 -0.20203 -0.16326 -0.1262 #VALUE!
-1.24444 -1.60352 0.188596 0.188596 -0.18388 -0.15155 -0.11761 #VALUE!
-1.20485 -1.54586 0.166667 0.166667 -0.16444 -0.13833 -0.10781 #VALUE!
-1.17004 -1.49416 0.144737 0.144737 -0.14395 -0.1237 -0.09687 #VALUE!
-1.13944 -1.44762 0.122807 0.122807 -0.12268 -0.10778 -0.08483 #VALUE!
-1.11259 -1.40557 0.100877 0.100877 0.100877 -0.09067 -0.07177 #VALUE!
-1.08912 -1.36746 0.078947 0.078947 0.078947 -0.07249 -0.05773 #VALUE!
-1.06875 -1.33282 0.057018 0.057018 0.057018 -0.05335 -0.04278 0.126
-1.05125 -1.30126 0.035088 0.035088 0.035088 -0.03338 -0.02696 0.220
-1.03644 -1.27245 0.013158 0.013158 0.013158 -0.0127 -0.01034 0.288
-1.02421 -1.24611 -0.00877 -0.00877 -0.00877 0.008565 0.007039 0.345