Fire alarm circuit

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Description.

Many fire alarm circuits are presented here,but this time a new circuit using a thermistor
and a timer to do the trick. The circuit is as simple and straight forward so that , it can be
easily implemented.The thermistor offers a low resistance at high temperature and high
resistance at low temperature. This phenomenon is employed here for sensing the fire.

The IC1 (NE555) is configured as a free running oscillator at audio frequency. The
transistors T1 and T2 drive IC1. The output(pin 3) of IC1 is couples to base of transistor
T3(SL100), which drives the speaker to generate alarm sound. The frequency of NE555
depends on the values of resistances R5 and R6 and capacitance C2.When thermistor
becomes hot, it gives a low-resistance path for the positive voltage to the base of
transistor T1 through diode D1 and resistance R2. Capacitor C1 charges up to the positive
supply voltage and increases the the time for which the alarm is ON. The larger the value
of C1, the larger the positive bias applied to the base of transistor T1 (BC548). As the
collector of T1 is coupled to the base of transistor T2, the transistor T2 provides a
positive voltage to pin 4 (reset) of IC1 (NE555). Resistor R4 is selected s0 that NE555
keeps inactive in the absence of the positive voltage. Diode D1 stops discharging of
capacitor C1 when the thermistor is in connection with the positive supply voltage cools
out and provides a high resistance path. It also inhibits the forward biasing of transistor
T1.

Circuit diagram with Parts list.

Notes.

• The circuit can be powered from a 6V battery or a 6V power supply.

• Click Here ! for the circuit diagram of a power supply circuit for this project.
• The thermistor can be mounted on a heat resistant material like mica to prevent it
from damage due to excessive heat.
• The LED acts as an indication when the power supply is switched ON.