CONSTRUCTION

MANAGEMENT
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The production process in constructions.

The production process in constructions, consists in all

the activities, actions and natural processes which take
place for the organized transformation, manage and done by
people, of the construction materials with the help of the
plants or tools in view of obtaining some products, specific
to the construction activity – new constructions, current
and general repairs, consolidations, modernizations,
service delivery in the domain of the constructions,
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The main resources in construction:

labour - workers with different specializations

(carpenters, concreters, steel benders, plumbers etc);

plants – equipment, instruments, auxiliaries, etc of

different kinds and with different degrees of complexity;

materials –materials, semi precast products, precast

products, accessories, etc.);
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The parameters of the organization of the processes’

execution in construction

In the projection of the organization of the processes‟

execution there are used a series of sizes (parameters),
which, according to their nature, are grouped in:

Organizational parameters;
Parameters of development in space;
Parameters of development in time.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The organizational parameters.

In the category of the organizational parameters used in the
projection of the organization of the processes‟ execution there
are included:

Qi – the quantity of works related to a certain construction

process “i”.

It is expressed in “Physical Units Specific to the Process

(P.U.S.P). It is settled, either based on the pre-measurements –
the written piece within the Technical Process (Th. P.),
of the category of works (new constructions, repairs,
consolidations, etc) which also include the process “i”, or by a
direct quantitative evaluation based on the details of execution
from the same technical project or by some surveying.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

fi(mi) – the optimum work team (the normalized team or

the staff norm), formed of a number mi of workers,
specialization and a qualification degree compatible with the
difficulty degree of the process “i”, established by a study of
method (the activity analysis of the collective manufacturer),
imposed by the execution technology of the process, by the
getting of some quality works in conditions of labor security
and of maximum work efficiency.

NTi - the labour performance rate represents the time of

work necessary for a optimum team (a normalized team, a
staff norm), for the execution of a unit of measure from a
construction process “i” in technical-organizational conditions
specific to a certain work method, determined in the norm‟s
content.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

 man  hours
It is expressed in:  UM 
 
man  hours
mc
for „Concrete casting’ ;
Examples: man  hours
for “Reinforcement set-up”;
kg
man  hours
for “formwork set-up”.
mp

 man  hours
NTi= mix dui  UM 
 

dui= the time necessary to perform a unit measure from a process

 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The construction items of work are grouped in separate

books (34 books for new works and 7 books for repairing
and maintenance works) according to the process of the works.

C Construcţii* (4 vol.)
Iz Izolaţii*
D Drumuri*
P Poduri*
Ts Terasamente** (2 vol.)
I Instalaţii încălzire*
G Instalaţii gaze*
S Instalaţii sanitare*
Ac Alimentări cu apă şi canalizare*
E Instalaţii electrice*
V Instalaţii de ventilaţii*
* revizuit şi completat la nivelul anilor 1999-2007
** ediţia 1981
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

RM Restaurări monumente istorice* 80,00

RpC Reparaţii construcţii* (4 vol.) 120,00
RpD Reparaţii la drumuri şi străzi* 80,00
RpI Reparaţii instalaţii încălzire* 70,00
RpG Reparaţii instalaţii gaze* 46,00
RpS Reparaţii instalaţii sanitare* 85,00
RpAc Reparaţii alimentări apă, canalizare* (2 vol.) 80,00
RpE Reparaţii instalaţii electrice* 70,00
RpV Reparaţii instalaţii de ventilaţii* 70,00
RpIz Reparaţii pentru izolaţii* (2 vol.) 80,00
AUT Utilaje de construcţii** 40,00
M1 Montaj utilaj tehnologic, conducte* 90,00
Tr Transporturi* 40,00
Tf Termoficare* 46,00
Tc Telecomunicaţii** 37,00
W3 Linii electrice de contact, semnalizări şi centralizări feroviare* 65,00
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

NTui – the plant performance represents the time

necessary to a certain type of plant, for the execution of
a unit of measure within a construction process “i” in
the technical-organizational conditions specific to a
certain method of work, defined through the norm‟s content.
It is expressed in:  ut.hours
 UM 
 

ut.hours for “Precast product set-up”

buc
ut.hours for “Mechanical excavation”.
smc
This parameter is specific to the manual-mechanical or
mechanical-manual processes, and they are
standardized through the same normative acts, as the
time norm of the minimum team. No matter what is the
nature of the process

between the three parameters - NTui, NTi and mi –

there is the next relation:
N Ti
NTui=
mi
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Taking into account the relation , for the process that implies
the use of only one piece of equipment, it results that:
NTui = dui
Fi(Mi) - the work team, formed of a number of workers Mi ,
is a group of optimum teams with the same specialization or
with different specializations, related organizationally, for the
execution of a quantity of works Qi related to a process “i”.
From the definition of the parameter, it results:
The work team is an integral multiple of optimum teams:
Fi = g . fi ; g = 1,2,3 ……….

The number of workers of the work team is an integral

multiple of the number of workers of the minimum team.
Mi = g . mi ; g = 1,2,3 ………..
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Np – The productivity rate – represents the volume of works

accomplished by a manufacturer in a time unit, in very well
defined technical-organizational conditions. Regarding the size
of the manufacturer and of the time unit, the production norm
can have the following forms:
Npi – the productivity rate per hour of the optimum team–
representing the quantity of works within the process “i”
performed by a optimum team (fi) in an hour.
hour, in technical-organizational conditions specific to a certain
work method.
 UM 
It is expressed in :  
 man.hour 
mc
Examples: mahour - for „Concrete placement’ ;
kg
man.hour - for “Reinforcement set-up”;
mp
man.hour
- for “Formwork set-up”.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Between the productivity rate (Npi) and labour performance

rate (NTi) there is the following relation:
1
Npi=
N Ti
The dependence between the two parameters can be pointed
out graphically as it follows, figure 2.1.
Npi

1’

2’

1 2 Nti
Fig. 2.1 The dependence between
Npi şi NTi

It can be noticed that an increasing variation of the labour

performance rate leads to the decreasing of the productivity rate.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Npsi – the productivity rate per shift of the optimum team,

representing the quantity of works within the process “i”,
performed by a minimum team (fi) during a shift, in
technical-organizational conditions, specific to a certain work
method.
UM
It is expressed: man  shift
mc
- for “Concrete placement” ;
man.shift

kg - for “Reinforcement set-up”;

man.shift

mp
man.shift
- for “Formwork set-up”.

This parameter can be calculated with the relation:

 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Npsi = ds . Npi = ds . 1
N Ti

where: ds – the duration of the shift, in hours/shift

NpFi – the productivity rate per hour of the work team –
represents the quantity of works within the process “i”,
accomplished by a team of workers in an hour, in
technical-organizational conditions specific to a certain
work method
 UM 
It is expressed:  man.hour 
 

m3
- for “Concrete placement” ;
Example: man.hour
kg
- for “Reinforcement set-up”;
man.hour
m2
- for “Formwork set-up”.
man.hour
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

1
The calculation relation is: NpFi = g . Npi = g .
N Ti
NpFSi – the productivity rate per shift of the team of
workers – representing the quantity of works within the process
“i”, accomplished by a team during a shift, in
technical-organizational conditions specific to a certain work
method.
1  UM 
NpFSi = ds.NpFi = ds.g.Npi = ds.g. It is expressed in:  
N Ti  man.shift 

m3
man.hour
- for “Concrete placement” ;
kg
- for “Reinforcement set-up”;
man.hour
m2
- for “Formwork set-up”.
man.hour
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Vi – the volume of work – represents the total time of work,

necessary for the execution of a quantity of works Qi afferent to
the process “i”, in technical-organizational conditions specific
to a certain work method.
Vi = Qi . NTi [man .hours]

Gi – the number of teams with the same specialization

involved in the accomplishment of the process “i”.

Ui – the total plants used of the same type involved in the

accomplishment of the process “i”.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The parameters of development in space.

In this category there are included:

Zi - the work zone – the space where we
perform a certain construction process within the
Structure of a certain category of works (new
constructions, current and/or general repairs,
consolidations, modernizations, etc)
According to its coverage area we distinguish:

ZTi – the total work zone - when they suddenly dispose

of the whole work space for starting the construction
process; it is characteristic, in general, to the constructions
with a linear character (roads, railways, supporting walls,
sewage, water supply, etc), to the constructions developed
on one level, as well as to some special constructions.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Zpi – the partial work zone – when they dispose only of a

certain part of the total space necessary to the development
of the construction process; it is characteristic, in general,
to the constructions with several levels.

Observation – the work zone is an important geometrical

characteristic, which influences the organization of the execution
of the construction processes.

si – the work sector represents the area from the

work zone where a team of workers with a certain
specialization, executes in a well defined interval
of time, a certain simple or complex construction process
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Zi = {s1 ,s2, ……sn}

where:
n – the feasible number of sectors per work zone ;

A work sector is characterized by:

As – the surface of the sector; Ac

For ground-floor constructions: As=
n
where:
Ac – the built surface, representing the surface occupied
by a construction in the lay-out, no matter what is its vertical
development.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

AE
For storied constructions: As =
nE
where:
AE – the surface of the floor;
nE – the number of sectors per floor.
In the case of the storied constructions with all the floors
equal from the point of view of the surface:
Ad
As =
E.n E

where:
Ad – the developed surface;
E – the number of the floors, including the ground-floor too.
It can be concluded that the total number of sectors “n” of
a construction is: n = E . nE
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

For the linear constructions, the sector‟s surface combines

with the sector‟s length ls, as it follows:
L
As =ls =
n
where:
L – the total length of the construction.
qsi – the quantity of works within a construction process
“i”, afferent to a work sector:
Qi
In case that the surfaces of the sectors are equal: qsi =
n
where:
Qi – the total quantity of works afferent to a construction
process “i”, established either by pre-measurements, or
by a quantitative evaluation based on the details of execution.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

In case that the surfaces of the sectors are not equal, the
quantity o works qsi is established for each sector, by a
quantitative evaluation based on the details of execution.

Mmax – The maximum number of workers of a team

(work team specialized in a profession) who can work in normal
conditions of productivity and labor security, on the surface of a
sector.
Generally, this parameter can be calculated as it follows:
As
Mmax =
S0
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

where:
So – the minimum surface necessary to a worker, in order to
develop an activity related to the execution of a construction
process, in normal conditions of productivity and labor security;
it is variable from process to process, according to its degree of
complexity, to the used technology, etc.
There is a possibility to accept a surface for all the
processes;
So = (6 ÷ 10) mp / man.

ti – the duration of execution of a process in a sector, by a

work team (Fi) with a certain specialization, in well defined
technical-organizational conditions.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

FLi – working front – represents the surface from the

work sector where, a specialized work team develops,
at a given moment, activities related to the
Execution of a certain construction process.
si = {FL1, FL2, … , FLn}

where:
n – the number of working fronts within the structure of
a sector.
There is the possibility that in some cases, the working front
coincide, as dimension and configuration with the work
sector and that means:
FLi = si
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The working front, on which, at a given moment, a specialized

team (Fi) develops their activity, is a multiple of working places
(Li), that means:
FLi = g . Li; g = 1,2, … n

Li – the work place, in constructions – is the space

around, along or inside the outline of a construction
element, which is assigned to a optimum work team
(staff norm or normalized team) to execute a construction
process on, which leads to getting the element, where
the workers from the minimum team locate with the
afferent instruments, devices and equipment, and
where the necessary materials are stored and manipulated
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Technological and organizational restrictions act upon the work

place in constructions and they establish its minimum dimensions.
The technological restrictions of execution of the process –
impose the dimensions of the minimum technological place (Lti).

The movable character of the construction process makes

impossible the reproduction of the minimum technological
work place (Lti) in the same coordinates, in the same
organization along the process‟s development.
The configuration and the dimensions of the work place are
imposed by the nature of the construction process, taking
into account that it can contain in general:
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The space for the physical concretization of materials

transformation ;
The space for the circulation of the individual or collective
manufacturer ;
The space for the storage of the work objects;
The space for the circulation of the equipment, in case
that the construction process needs to use it.

In conclusion –the minimum technological place (Lti)

is the space in the limits of which there must locate:
the workers from the optimum work team (the staff norm or
the minimum team), the materials and the work tools,
so that the technology specific to the process can be used,
in conditions of labor security , quality of works and last
but not least, maximum productivity of work.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Example: In the case of the execution of the masonry
process, the minimum technological place would have the
following configuration:
The space for accomplishing the element

Lti = L1 x L2
The space for circulation

L1

The space for storing the materials

P.C. L.M. P.C. L.M.

The space for the circulation of work tools GROUT POMP

L2

P.C – brick pack (BP): The minimum technological

L.M – grout case (GC); place for the
P.M – grout pomp (GP). process: “Masonry Execution”,
– worker
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

FLi = {Lti1, Lti2, ------ Ltn}

It‟s probable, that in many cases, the minimum technological
place (Lti) coincide with the working front:
Lti ≡ FLi
The organizational restrictions for the process’s execution
– impose the dimension of the minimum organizational
place (Loi)

The minimum organizational place derives from the necessity

to provide to a optimum work team (a normalized team or a staff
norm), the stability on the same surface, and a continuous
activity during, at least, one shift. This way, they eliminate
the non-productive times within a shift, by moving a minimum
team, with its work means specific to the accomplishment of the
process, from a level to another, from a construction to another.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The minimum organizational place is determined as it follows:

N psi .I m
Loi = (mp/shift; ml/shift)
qui
where:
Npsi – the production norm per shift of the optimum work team;
Im – the medium labour productivity
L =
oi factor established per shift,
for the minimum team.
qui – the quantity of works corresponding to the process “i”
for which they determine the (Loi), afferent to a unit of measure
within the work place (ml or mp).
Knowing that: 1
Npsi = ds . N
Ti

d s .I m
The minimum organizational place will be: Loi =
q ui .N Ti
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

h – the work level – is a part of the construction, more exactly,

a part of a construction element, in the limits of which a process
can be executed without the necessity of changing the
technological and organizational conditions of execution.

The size of the work level influences the work productivity.

For example, for “masonry execution” the mason works with
the biggest productivity at a wall with 0.60 m height, reported
to the surface where he stands on his feet. The mason‟s
activity below this height or above it leads to the reduction
of the work‟s productivity, fig. 2.4.
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The parameters of development in time.

The execution of the construction process supposes the
definition and the analysis of some parameters which
characterize their development in time, as it follows:
ti – the rate of Progress– represents the time necessary
to a specialized team to execute a process “i” on a work sector,
in technical-organizational conditions specific to a certain work
method.
Associating the development in space, with the
development in time, the performance of a process
can be represented graphically by a cyclogram-line of balance
- for repetitive work or an elementary chain, when the
rhythm is the same for all the sectors (ti1 = ti2 = … = tin = ti),
as well as when the process is non-rhythmic –
the process‟s rhythm differs from sector to sector
(ti1 ≠ ti2 ≠ … ≠tln), figures 2.5 and 2.6.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

1 UT (unitate de timp)
Spatiul (S) (schimbul, ziua, sãptãmâna,
ciclogramã
decada, luna, etc.).
(lant elementar)

n
.
.
. tin
2
Ritmul de lucru.

ti2
1

ti1 Timp (t)

Ti

Fig. 2.5. Ciclograma lantului elementar ritmic.

 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

S
ciclogramã
(lant elementar)
i

n
.
.
. tin
2

1
ti2
ritmul de lucru

t
ti1

Ti

Fig.2.6. - Ciclograma lantului elementar neritmic

 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Ti – the duration of execution of a process on all those

“n” sectors. It results from fig. 2.5 and 2.6, that:
In the case of the rhythmic elementary chain;
Ti=n.ti n

In the case of the non-rhythmic elementary chain; i T =  t i

j 1
j

Pij,i+1 - the step of the chain - the interval between the

beginning of two successive processes “i” and “i+1”,
on the same sector “j”.
In proportion to the rhythm of the first process “i”, the step
can be found in the next situations: fig. a, b, c.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
S
pi, ji+1 = ti
i i+1

j+1

j
pi,j-1i+1
pi,j+1i+1
j-1

ti t

pi,ji+1

Fig. 2.7.a)
S

pi, ji+1 > ti

i i+1

J+1

J-1
τi,J-1i+1 pi,j+1i+1

ti t

pi,i+1j-1 pi, ji+1

Fig. 2.7. b
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

i i+1

J+1 τij+1,i+1

J
pi,j+1i+1
pi,j-1i+1
J-1

t
ti
pi,J-1i+1 < tiv

Fig. 2.7. c pij,i+1 = ti

pij,i+1 > ti
pij,i+1 < ti
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

τij,i+1 - waiting time between the finishing of the process i

and the beginning of the process i+1, on the same sector j,
fig. 2.7 b (sectors j-1, j, j+1) and c (j+1).
The time of waiting between the processes can be produced by:

Technological nature, when, after the execution of the

process “i” a time of waiting is imposed for the “growing up”
of the executed process: for example, after “concrete placement”,
a time of waiting is imposed for its setting.

Organizational nature, when they need to assure the

continuity of work for the work teams, on their passing from
sector to sector.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

S
T 'i= ti+(n-1)k=10
i UT
(n-1)k i ti ciclograma
modulata
i

F i2
n ki ki
1 UT
.
. ki
F i1 ki
.
.

2 ki F i2 ciclograma
initiala
ki
1 F i1

ti t
T i = n.ti =4.4 = 16 UT
Fig. 2.8 - Modul de ritmicitate pentru un lant elementar
ki – the module of rhythmicity - represents the interval
between the beginning (finishing) of the same process “i”,
on two successive sectors “j” and “j+1”, by two work
teams with the same specialization, fig. 2.8.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

By using the module of rhythmicity (ki), they obtain

the modulated elementary chain (the modulated line of balance),
or divided elementary chain, reducing this way its duration from
T = 16 u.t to T‟΄= 10 u.t. (u.t = units of time).
From the graphic representation, it can be concluded that:
ti
ki =
Gi
where:
Gi – the number of work teams with the same
specialization, involved in the accomplishment of the process “i”.

D – the total duration of execution of a product of the

construction activity (OC, A, SA, etc.).
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

This parameter can express:

a). Dc – the established duration imposed by the beneficiary
in the documentation for the tender. It is an important requirement
of the specification conditions within the structure of the tender
documentation.
In case that the offerer that won the tender finds it practicable
from a technical point of view, this becomes an important
contractual stipulation.

b). Dp – the scheduled duration, established, generally, by the

work‟s manufacturer, within the project of organization, using
one of the well known organizational or scheduling methods of
the processes‟ execution.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

c). Def – the actual duration, representing the interval between

the moment of the beginning of works and the moment of the
preliminary reception of the product.
Between the three sizes, expressing the same parameter there
should be the following relation:

Def ≤ Dp ≤ Dc

dui – the execution duration of a unit of measure within a

simple process, by a minimum team (normalized team or
staff norm) in technical-organizational conditions specific to
the work method defined by the norm‟s content.
N Ti N Ti
dui = NTui = dui =
mi mi
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Ii – the labour productivity factor - points out the

degree in which an individual or a collective manufacturer
accomplishes his work tasks, established for a defined
interval of time, an hour, a shift, a day, a week, a decade,
a month, etc., tasks performed in certain technical-
organizational conditions.

It is expressed, usually as a proportion between the normalized

time (tN), meaning the necessary duration for accomplishing a
certain quantity of works, established according to the work
norms and the actual duration (tef), in the limits of which the
quantity of works was performed.
tN
Ii =
t ef
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The same parameter can also be calculated as a proportion

between the normalized volume of work (VMN),
In some cases, this parameter can also be expressed as a
proportion between the number of workers within a work team,
resulted according to a calculation which takes in consideration

the norms of time (Mc) and the real number of workers (Mef)
within the work team involved in the accomplishment of the
same quantity of works:
Mc
II =
M ef
In general, a good activity of a manufacturer is characterized
by an index of accomplishment of the norm which is
registered between 0.90 and 1.20, tending towards the superior
limit.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

kFU – the plant’s coefficient of use - points out the

degree in which the equipment, involved in the
accomplishment of a construction process in well defined
technical-organizational conditions, takes advantage of a
certain interval of time, usually a work shift:

100  t onu  t rou 

kFu =
100
tonu – time of standardized interruptions in the plant‟s activity,
imposed by the resting and the normal necessities of the
working staff, which serves the plant;
trou – time of standardized interruptions in the plant‟s activity,
imposed by the technology and the organization of the
execution of the construction process.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

VMN Q.N T
Ii= =
VMef V Mef
In general, the coefficient of use of the plant which is
registered between the limits 0.75 – 0.95, characterizes a
good activity.

ds - the duration of the work shift . Usually, this is 8

hours/shift. This duration can extend to 9 hours /shift,
10 hours/shift or more, according to the field‟s requirements.

γ – the number of shifts per day. In one day there can be

1, 2 or 3 shifts of 8 hours/day.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The basic relationship between the parameters of the

organization of the construction processes’ execution.

The basic parameters of the organization of the processes‟

execution are related directly or indirectly by the next relationship:

Qi = Mi . Npi . ti . I
where:

Qi – the quantity of works afferent to a certain construction

process, expressed in physical units specific to the process
[UM.], (m3, m3, kg, ml, etc.);
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Mi – the number of workers within the specialized team,

assigned for the execution of the quantity of works (Qi)

Npi – the productivity rate per hour of the optimum team

(normalized team or staff norm);

ti – the duration of execution, expressed in hours, of the

quantity of works Qi ;

I – the labour productivity factor, accomplished by the work

team involved in the accomplishment of the quantity of
works Qi.
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

They know the quantity of works Qi, which is going to be

executed, either from pre-measurements, or from quantitative
evaluation based on the details of execution from the project.
They know or they impose the number of workers Mi, within
the work team which are going to execute the quantity
of works Qi.

They ask for the duration ti = ?, of execution of the quantity

of works Qi:
Qi [hours]
ti = M .N .I
i pi
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

They know the quantity of works Qi, which is going to be

executed. They know or they impose the duration ti, in the
limits of which the quantity of works Qi, must be executed.

They ask for the number of workers Mi = ?, within the team,

that are going to execute the quantity of works Qi :

Qi
Mi = [man]
N pi .t i .I
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The two problems derive from the fact that in the relation
there are two unknown elements ti and Mi.

Mathematically speaking, the solving of the uncertainty can be

done by giving values to one unknown element and calculating
appropriate values for the other unknown element.

Practically, though, the organization of the construction

process‟s execution is an activity determined by certain
concrete conditions and as a conclusion, the solving of the
uncertainty is done by analyzing the technological and the
organizational conditions, which impose a series of restrictions
regarding the size of the two parameters ti and Mi, as it follows:
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Duration ti – depends on the technology of execution of the

works, on the weather conditions during the period of execution,
on the number of workers Mi within the available work team
and on the possibility that they work in normal conditions on
the surface of the work sector;

The number of workers Mi – takes into account the limited

surface of the work sector, on the surface of a sector there
can work Mmax workers, of duration ti,
imposed by the field‟s availabilities, etc.
Qi .N Ti
ti = d s .g.mi .I
[shifts]
Qi .NTi  persons
Mi =  shifts 
d s .ti .I  
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

When there are more shifts in one day, the two parameters are
determined as it follows:
Qi .N Ti
ti = [days]
d s .g.mi .I .

Qi .N Ti  persons
Mi = .γ 
d s .t i .I  day 

The index of the norm accomplishment is considered initially

I = 1. After calculating, it results ti calculated (tic) and Mi
calculated (Mic), which, in most of the cases will not be integral
numbers (6,4 shifts or 11,6 workers).
The plus or minus adjustment will be done, so that the
obtained index
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

t icalc M icalc
Ief = =
t ef M ief
should be registered between the limits I = 0,90 ÷ 1,20.
By similitude, for the mechanized processes they can establish
equivalent parameters as it follows:
Qi .N Tui
ti = d .t .k [shifts]
s i Fu

Qi .N Tui
 plant 
Ui =  
d s .t i .k Fu  shift 
Qi .N Tui
ti = [days]
d s .U i .k Fu .
 plant 
UI =
Qi .N Tui .γ  
d s .t i .k Fu  day 