Bacteria

Tuesday, January 23, 2018 2:04 PM

Bacteria Aerobic Growth in medium Appearance under Environment Gram Stain Nutrition Tests Pathogen Other characteristics
Name /Anaerobic the microscope
Corynebacte • Facultative • Non-motile • Rods • Widely • Gram positive • Catalase positive
rium anaerobes • Club-shaped distributed • Gram stain • Non-motile
• V-formations • Mucous irregularly
• Bacteria often at membranes/ski
weird angles to n of humans
each otehr and other
• Non-spore animals
forming
• May contain
metachromatic
granules
Corynebacte • Blood agar • Polyphosphate • May be hemolytic • Causes diptheria • Definite diagnosis
rium • Small granules under • Reduces tellurite to • Colonizes upper requires testing for
diptheriae • Opaque white methylene blue tellurium (appears black) respiratory toxigenity by guinea pig
• Selective/differentia (particularly • Non-motile tract/throat injection or by Elek test
l medium often from Loeffler's) • Positive for nitrate • Virulence is due
contains tellurite reduction to an exotoxin
• Appears black on • Negative for urease that is then
tellurite medium • Acidic sugar fermentation, carried
• Loeffler's slant gas production throughout the
body through
blood
• Toxin mostly
affects heart and
peripheral nerves
• Inhibits
eukaryotic
protein synthesis
(kills cells)
• Causes death of
cells in the upper
respiratory tract
• Pseudomembrane
• Phage encoded
(lysogenic
conversion)
• Vaccine = toxoid
(formalin-
inactivated toxin)
Enterococcu • Aerotolerant • Blood agar • Tends to form • Common • Gram positive • Hardy • Catalase negative • Opportunist
s anaerobes • Grow in 6.5% NaCl short chains normal fecal • Not nutritionally • Bile-esculin positive • Urinary tract
• Obligate • Small Cocci microbiota fastidious • Sometimes slightly infections
fermenters • Smaller than hemolytic • Bacteremia
Streptococcus • Pyrase positive
pneumoniae
• Gray

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Listeria • Facultative • Blood agar • Rods • Very common • Gram positive • Catalase positive • Rare cause of
anaerobes • Small • Non-spore environmental • Umbrella motility sepsis and
• Translucent forming organism • Nitrate reduction negative meningitis
• Narrow zone of • Soil and • Urease negative • Foodborn
hemolysis decaying • Lab must always
vegetables R/O Listeria when
• Intestinal tract GPR seen in CSF
• Food products or blood
• Pregnant
women/neonates
/elderly/immunoc
ompromised are
at highest risk

Moraxell • Obligate • Chocolate agar • Diplocci or rods • Grows on • Gram • Fastidious to varying • Catalase positive • Can cause disease
respirers • Blood agar • Typically occurs mucous negative degrees • Oxidase positive in ears, sinus,
a • Some are • Nutrient agar in pairs (i.e. membranes • Somewhat • Fragile to varying degrees • No acid detected from lungs
capnophiles • TSY kidney • Upper resistant to digestion of glucose and
• Medium large beans/coffee respiratory decolarization maltose
• Whitish gray to beans) tract of
pinkish brown humans
• "hockey puck"
consistency
• Opaque gray to
white colonies

Moraxell • Doesn't required • Grows well on CA, • Rods • Normal oral • Gram • Least fastidious out of N. • Cannot ferment
increased CO2 BA, and NA bacteria negative meningitidis and N. glucose/maltose/sucrose/l
a gonorrheae actose
catarrhal
is
Neisseria • Obligate • Adjacent sides of • Diplocci or rods • Grows on • Gram • Fastidious to varying • Catalase positive • Species identification
respirers the pairs are • Typically occurs mucous negative degrees • Oxidase positive mostly based on
• Under clinical flattened in pairs (i.e. membranes of • Somewhat • Fragile to varying degrees degradation of sugars
cultivation they • Opaque gray to kidney warm blooded resistant to
are strict white colonies beans/coffee animals decolarization
aerobes • Grows only a little beans)
• Some are on CTA slants
capnophiles

Neisseria • Needs • Chocolate agar • Cocci • Fragile • Acid production from • Causes gonorrhea • Also known as
incubation in • High humidity • Fastidious pathogen glucose only • Transmitted gonococcus or GC
gonorrho increased CO2 • VCN medium-> • Blood and • NOT fermentation through genital
eae • Plain candle antibiotics chocolate agar • Was penicillin sensitive, tract,
vancomycin (acts on don't have but most strains are now mouth/throat,
gram positives), enough nutrients penicillin resistant as well rectum, eyes
colistin (acts on to support their as resistant to other drugs • Always
gram negatives), growth considered a
nystatin (yeasts) • Inoculate at collection pathogen
• VCN may inhibit • Incubate immediately or • Can progress to
some strains of use non-nutritive pelvic
gonococci-> also transport medium inflammatory
plate on BA disease in women
• Small to medium (Infertility)
• Grayish white • Urethral

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 • Grayish white • Urethral
• Convex (raised) discharge in
• Colony type varies males
even in a single • 50% asymptoma
strain, due to in women
antigenic variation • GNDC inside
• CTA agar with sugar PMNs diagnostic
+ pH indicator for males
• GNDC inside
PMNs not
diagnostic for
females-> confirm
with culture

Neisseria • Blood agar • Cocci • Found in upper • Gram • Fragile • Acid from glucose and • Causes • Subdivided into
• High humidity respiratory negative • Less fastidious than maltose meningoccemia serological groups
menigiti • Increased CO2 tract of 3-15% gonococcus and meningitis based on presence of
dis • Medium of people • Will grow well on blood that can go from capsular or cell wall
• Gray agar blood -> brain antigens
• Smooth • Vaccine
• Glistening • Intra and
• Convex extracellular
• Won't grow on GNDC in PMNs
nutrient agar
Staphylococ • Facultative • Clusters, single, • Common skin • Gram Positive • Generally hardy • Catalase positive
cus anaerobes pairs, short microbiota of • Not nutritionally
chains mammals fastidious
• Cocci • Found on
mucous
membranes
Staphylococ "" • Medium to large • Carried in the • Coagulase positive • Opportunistic
cus Aureus • Use blood agar nose and on • Beta hemolytic pathogen
• Large the skin of • Novobiocin susceptible • Healthcare-
• Creamy to golden 0people associated
color infection
• Typically hemolytic, • Surgical wounds
may show double (a nosocomial
zone (particularly infection)
after refrigeration) • Abscesses (boils)
• Pneumonia
• Septicemia
• Most likely Staph.
To be pathogenic
Staphylococ • Use blood agar • Urinary tract • Coagulase negative • Species
cus • Medium size infections • Novobiocin resistant identification not
saprophytic colonies usually done
us • Looks very similar to except in urinary
Staph. epidermis tract infections
Staphylococ • Blood agar • Common • Coagulase negative • Occasional
cus • Generally porcelain normal skin • Novobiocin sensitive opportunist
epidermidis white microbiota • Non-hemolytic • Hospitalized
• white • Novobiocin sensitive patients,
• Non-hemolytic especially those
• Slightly smaller than with indwelling
Staphylococcus catheters, most

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 Staphylococcus catheters, most
Aureus susceptible
Streptococc • Aerotolerant • Tends to form • Common oral • Gram positive • Nutritionally fastidious
us anaerobe chains microbiota
• Obligate • Cocci
fermenter
• Some are
capnophiles
(CO2)
Streptococc • Can grow in the • Blood agar • Beta hemolytic • Upper respiratory • Group A strep
us presence of • Small • 100% in anaerobic infections
pyrogenes oxygen • White conditions (O, • Pharyngitis (strep
• Anaerobic • Colonies remain oxygen labile) throat)
incubation is intact when pushed • 85% in aerobic • Wound infections
used in order to with a loop conditions (S, • Pneumonia
reliably observe oxygen stable) • Bacteremia/sepsis
B-hemolysis • Sensitive to Bacitracin • Scarlet fever
• Positive for Pyrase • Septicemia
• Latex agglutination using • Streptococcal
Ab to Group A toxic shock
carbohydrate antigen • For throat
• Fluorescent Ab test cultures "R/O
GrpA"
Streptococc • Anaerobic • Use blood agar • Beta hemolytic • Pathogen • Group B strep
us agalactiae hemolysis in • Small • Less obvious • Neonatal
order to more • Creamy aerobically meningitis
reliably observe • May be orange • Bacitracin resistant • Neonatal sepsis
B-hemolysis • Sodium hippurate positive • Post-partum
• Latex agglutination using infections
Ab to group B antigen • Bacteremia
Streptococc • Blood agar • Commonly • Alpha hemolytic • Opportunist
us • Small carried in the • Optochin sensitive • Pneumonia
pneumoniae • Larger than throat • Bile soluble (will lyse) • Meningitis
enterococcus • The colonies will
• Often mucoid on disappear but not
primary isolation the surrounding
due to hemolysis
encapsulation
• Flatten over time
• Produces an
autolysin
Viridans • Blood agar • Normal in the • Alpha-hemolytic • Occasional • Must be distinguished
streptococci • Very Tiny throat • Optochin resistant opportunists from pneumococcus in
• Bile insoluble • Can cause tooth a sputum specimen
decayd

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