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    Monroe County V Purdue PDF

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    ‘SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. COUNTY, Soars J acres omonons DVS Sle Plaintiffs), | | ae Summons ie sacs drt coe Date Index No. Pucchased: —sguayy2¢2018 To the above named Defendant(s) Pet ama. Fegite!Aget Comune Se Company, 6 Sse Ste any. NY 1207 ‘You ate hereby summoned to answer the complaint in this action and to serve ‘ copy of your answer, or, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve ‘notice of appearance, on the Plaintiffs attorney within 20 days after the service of this summons, exclusive of the day of service (ar within 90 davs after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New ‘York); and in ease of your failure to appear or answer, judgment wil be taken against you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is. Putas sce ots Which is se\iaan tee Rena ny 48 Dated: sony 2208 by. Miwa On, Canty Moray ‘Auorneys for Plintift Seveuon See eceern ea 5 Ena Weiaenremoscnt gov ‘SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Index No, meennanne, 0/9501 against | Summons esos acta | Date Index No, Purchased: sgueyn ne Defendant). ‘To the above named Defendant(s) ‘pated here Cosas Seca Conpicy 88 ate Soe Abo NY 12207 ‘Yow are hereby sumone’! (o answer the complaint in this action and to serve copy of your answer, or, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serv> ‘a natice of appearance, on the Plaintiff's attorney within 20 days after the service of this summons, exciusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New York); and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against xyou by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is. aas pace otores Which is sows Sax Rosen AY 4 {vos COUT YEW YORK aie ba [Za 7K Mien, Cowl Atarsy tony ia Somme Era MtCorbmaneeconty 60 Dated: Jonny242018 SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK COUN’ * “THE COUNTY OF MONROE | Indox No, (renner 20] $-Su! Fins, | against. Sammons [oe stachad er fa come at eda) | [Pate index No, Purchased: aya 208 ‘To the above named Defendant(s) Regie igen Cpnts Src Conny, Se Sta Atay NY 2207 ‘Yoware hereby summene'l 10 answer the complaint in this action and fo serve ‘ copy of your answer, o, ifthe complaint is not served with this summons, to serve ‘notice of appearance, on the Plaintiff's attorney within 20 days after the service of this summons, exclusive of the day of sewvice (or within 80 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New ‘York; and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against ‘you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is rubste pact bane Which is so¥. ain Sex, Roomate Wy 6 Dated: swumy24201 a z “ees ts Aton Pat soma nar MeieeDainewencnty ge fla, ov14 SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK COUNTY OF wosnoe Seen ] Indes No, emtmnawnnr P01 8 “Sle | Plants, | Summons ogo rsionanntrscpntttitens | Date Index No. Purchased: —Jeuar242018 __ Defendant, | ‘To the above named Defendant(s) TEVAPHARWACEUTOALS USA Me, Fae ger Coperale reson ta, 1Nadh Ml Sitch, HY 1860 ‘You are hefeby suimmoned to answer the complaint in this action and to serve ‘copy of your answer or, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve ‘ notice of appearance, on the Plaintiff's attorney within 20 days after the service of this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 80 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally deliveved to you within the State of New York); and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken agai you by default for the relief demancied in the complaint. ‘The basis of verue is Pers aoe orbuinese Which is s9w usin ors och 184 Dated sansey24 20, = coun von Lf 2, toe Oo, Easy ey Atraeys fr Plinit Ent aiusSeiemanosssry gov ‘SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK coun Te coumvornomoe | Index No. tetany 20] § SL Plaintifi(s), | aginst: | Simons eaters Date Index No. Purchased) spay ann Defendant To the above named Defendant(s) cepunton, we, Regu get Caper 1 80 en at, Noh Se ya ‘You are Wereby summoned to answer the complaint in this ection and to serve ‘ copy of your answer, or, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve a notice of appearance, on the Plaintiffs attorney within 20 days after the tervice of this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New York); and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be takten against ‘you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is Pavan sicesttuinese Which is sow. nan Soa Rete NY 1814 Dated: sen 242018 sor by. i “anna Atco oor Ee ‘SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK econ Orne Indes No, orennenrs 0/§-5lol Plaintiis), | Summons -against- | PUROUE PHARIAL Pe | | beeamowerin te acegnastnen) | Date Index No. Purchased jauayze2018 fendant(s), ‘To the above named Defendant(s) ‘re dshaen dohson Pas, New Bnew, W083 ~You are Tisveby WUisioned to answer the complaint in this aclion and to serve «8 copy of your answer, o, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve «a notice of appearance, on the Plaintiff's attorney within 20 days after the service of this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New York); and in ease of your failure to appear or anawer, judgment will be taken against xyou by default for the relief demanded in the complaint, ‘The basis of venue is. Paras pc otbsnss Which is sev ssn tae Rebs ny ot Dated: seuny24,2018 by a Cae, Can aanay Attorneys for Plaitift 207 County oe Bung SUPREME COURT OF THE STATH OF NEW YORK OUNTY OF woos ‘TH COUNTY oF Hono | Index No, teensy 90] -SLa t | Plaintiffs), | Summons against [oe ase irra cont eendes Date Index No, Purchased sayy 201 __Defendant(s). | ‘To the above named Defendant(s) ANSSEN PHARMACEUTICALS eget igo CY Conmaten Salen 90, td Sr Sie 41, Hanah PAAT101 ‘You are hereby summoned to answer the complaint in this action and to serve ' copy of your answer, or, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve 4 notice of appearance, on the Plaintiffs attorney within 20 days after the gervice of this summons exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New York); and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is Panesyacectuceess Which is spvzan seed Rech HY 816 Dated: Jonan21. 20, 1 COUNTY NW YORK = che Cae, Coury ary Attorneys for Plainift swan Sea En teioeOngnersecgor ‘SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 4 ‘ne coumrroruonwoe ] index Ne, smenvanny DIF -5U | Pent | -ogainst. | Simmons ue MAL | tect testes) | Date Index No, Purchased yy 24a Defordant(). ‘To the above named Defendant(s) (SETHOMCNL IMSEN PHARUACEUTICAL, NC MUA JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICAL, NC. Regated get CT cepomion Seta 801 a San, Ste Hae LY ~~ You ave hereby sumimoned to anawer the complaint in this action and to serve ‘ copy of your answer, or ifthe complaint is not served with this summons, o serve ' notice of appearance, on the Plaintiff attorney within 20 days after the service of this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the service is complete if this summons is no: personally delivered to you within the State of New York); and in case of your faiur» to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against you by default for the relief dersanded in the complaint ‘The basis of venue is rovite pas ottuines Which is s0¥. ainsi Roost te Dated: Jou 24 2018 by, a > on Ova, out Any Attorneys for Plaintiff sewer see Eat icine setSeawonenn gov SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. meee Trader, nvr fp 8-5 lo! oe | Summons {ee anaches Per ora compete et of cetendants) | | Date Index No. Purchased: Aanuery 26,2008 Delonte, ‘To the above named Defendant(s) {PNSSEN PeARQACEUTICA WNC MICA NSSEN PRARUACEUTICAL, NC, ieee igen CF Copan Syston 50M. a Seat ae A. Hag PA 104 “You ave Tierely summoned to answer the complaint in this action and to serve copy of your answer, or, if the complaint is net served with this summons, serve ‘ notice of appearance, on the Plaintiff's attorney within 20 days after the service of this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New York); and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is Panorspuee esha Which is seWsn sia Retest Yt Dated: sousy 24208 wd S775 eet Oe, ot May Attorneys for Plait Svea Sea? Ema cheeDevagomancecouny gor SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK ITY OF wonroe ‘ye counTvorvomoe Index No, penne gl) |G- BU | Plaintiffs), Summons i sega | peeeeeres | pacer tan ney Date index No, Purchased: yay 2.2 Defendant(s). | ‘To the above named Defendant(s) Fags Ape." Ceporwon Sem. 41 Gah Aa Nr a HY 101 ‘You ate hereby summoned to answer the complaint in this action and to serve «8 copy of your answer, or, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve ‘ notice of appearance, on the Plaintiff's attorney within 20 days after the service of this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 80 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New York); and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is mani pce fons, Which is sow. ae Sea, Recese A 1816 Dated: sonary2e 218 ETFs ees Sve ue Set Ena tcheeDevag@mowoecnuty 201 ‘SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK COUNTY OF nonsoe ‘HE cousT oF woNROe ] Index No, omemmnnes J0)G - Sel Plaintitis), a Summons te aches ie rion | Date Index No. Purchased sexey24 a8 Defendant) | ‘To the above named Defendant(s) Noo HeyLTH suLUTIONS We. epee ge Crore Sytem, 11 Eighth vee, New ek 1041 "___Yolrare hereby summoned to answer the complaint in this action and to serve « copy of your answer, or, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve 8 notice of appearance, on the Plaintiffs attorney within 20 days after the service of ‘this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New York) and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is Puevespacettusnes Which is sow tn srt Recent ra Dated: suasey24 20, ‘Atorneys fr PlintifT 2 cna oes Btn Ea Michie noreesey go SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK JUNTY OF woxroe Tacoma orncmam Index No. toennsnneige/& -5lel Plainti(), | cgcinst | beraucnitietrsemotecttsonmn) | Date Index No, Purchased: ayo 00 Defendant). ‘To the above named Defendant(s) weve merwveuTCs. ne, igtred Ape The Copan Tas Conpy, 18 Cage Ste. mon, Daa 1801 “You até Hereby summoned to answer the complaint in this action and to serve 8 copy of your answer, or, i the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve 4 notice of appeavance, on the Plaintiffs attorney within 20 days after the serviee of this cummons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the ssrvice is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New ‘York; and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is Paina pc ot usbes Which is sow mashes Rechsa ny 1484 Dated: Joumy 24208 enon com Hyon ey 6 eyo vw Oana ‘Atmel Soon Sat rr SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK COUNTY OF moro nna 018-5) ‘wecourorwcinoe ] tnx No. om Plaintifi(s), : | Sammons against simmers a | tesmcearitrsconmtatttétedeny — | | Date Index Ne, Purchased: san aan Defendant(s). | ‘To the above named Defendant(s) usa Pore. ‘brn ego acne {0Unon Some Seaham et NY S08 ~~ You are hereby summored to answer the complaint in this action and to serve ‘8 copy of your answer, or, ifthe complaint is not served with this summons, to serve ' notice of appearance, on the Plaintiff's attorney within 20 days after the service of ‘this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New York); and in ease of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against ‘you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint, ‘The basis of venue is Pure poet tunes Which is anw.aan ses, Ronse 454 Dated: sana 242018 somata Era tcheeemmoncecuny gov SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK county oF ‘recowrvoruowce ] index No, mrenriwr Dig -5U Plaintis(s, gains Summons lee eed ier scope it anda) Date Index No. Purchased: —sevay26.2018 ‘To the abeve named Defendant(s) Pa Fe. 61apeen oe, Sie 0, Sa ee Cy UT 418 You are hereby summoiied to answer the complaint in this action and to sexve ‘ copy of your answer, or, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve ‘a notice of appearance, on the Plaintiff's attorney within 20 days after the service of this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the setvive is complete if this surnmons js not personally delivered to you within the State of New ‘York); and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is Pampa beens Which is 20W.mainsiet Recast 48 Dated: sonar 24 298 by. Zz ie, ont Any ‘Attorneys for Plant? Sewer Seea ‘SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK ce Y OF monroe = Inder, manson O18 50 | Plains, -agcina | Sammons (beste on to esas) | | Date Index No, Purchased: seuay a zi8 Defendant(s). | ‘To the above named Defendant(s) ‘SetFahan ED re, Site 700 Soren, CABS1T ‘Youaie tieroby summoned fo answer the complaint in this action and to serve ' copy of your answer, or, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve ‘@ notice of appearance. on the Plaintiff's attorney within 20 days after the gervice of this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the service is complete if this summons is not personally delivered to you within the State of New ‘York); and in case of you failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint, ‘The basis of vense is meni psce bees which is sp. san sues techs HY 1 Dated: sonay24 20% by. iS net Coa repo Pat imeem See. SE ee SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK ‘We counTy oF oC | nds No, teehnenaes 20/8 - SU] Plaintits), -apoins- | Snommons scone tte) | (oe stact Date Index No. Purchased: seyay 242018 an ‘To the above named Defendant(s) ‘ymin 20985. 700,22, SL Cy. UT 88 ‘You are ieveby summuioned Wo answer te complaint in this action and Yo serve ‘copy of your answer, or, if the complaint is not served with this summons, to serve 4 notice of appearance, on the Plaintiff's attorney within 20 days after the service of this summons, exclusive of the day of service (or within 30 days after the service is complete if this sumrions is not personally delivered to you within the State of New York) and in case of your failure to appear or answer, judgment will be taken against ‘you by default for the relief demanded in the complaint. ‘The basis of venue is. Puipacealahas Which is sew.usn sve, Rochester WY 4614 Dated: ssuy24 2018 by. sz ‘Attorneys fr Painift Soran sea Eat chan Oosreroteay sor ‘Supreme COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW York Countvar Monroe RIDER TO SUMMONS WITH A ‘Tas CoUNTYOF MonkoE, Plaintif, Purbue PHARMA LP. PURDUE PHARMA INC.; THE PURDUE FREDERICK COHPANY, INc.;TevA PHARMACEUTICALS USA, INC (CEPHALON, INC.; JOHNSON & JOHNSON; COMPLETE LIST OF DEFENDANTS Index. 10/8 -5u | ‘JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC; ORTHO | RIDER TO SUMMONS MCNEL-JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. N/K /A JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.; JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA, INC. N/K/A, JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC: ENDO PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.;INSyS ‘THERAPEUTICS, INC.; RUSSELL PORTENOY; Perry FINe; SCOTT FisHMAN; and LYNN Weasrer, Defendants SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OFNEW YORK ‘County oF Monkue ‘Tue County ur Munnoe, Plaintif, PunousPHaewaLP;PumovePiawen | ines THe PurbueFRenx Conran, INCcTEVAPHanwacsuMealsUSAIncs | Certo, cs Jorneon Jomccns Janssen Pusonceumea.s IesOrmio- MCN Jansen PHAaUAcEUTCAL I, I/k/a ansen PhaswaceuTeas es Janssen Prasuactumcn Ne w/a Jaxesen Pratenczumcn es ENOO Heat Soumons ie noo Paawunceurens Innes Thiareoncs ine; Rossna Pomenow; | Fry reyScor Fsuanand Lv Worse, yoni, | _] Index No. CompLainr Qoly-5U! Plaintiff, the County of Monroe, New York (“Monroe County” ot “the County” or “Plaintiff’), by and through the undersigned attorneys, for its Complaint against Defendants Purdue Pharma L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc., The Purdue Frederick Company, Inc, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc,, Cephalon, Inc,, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ortho-McNeilJanssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. n/k/a. Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc. n/k/a Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Endo Health Solutions Inc, Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc,, Insys Therapeutics, Inc., Russell 1 Portenoy, Perry Fine, Scott Fshman, and Lynn Webster (olectively, “Defendants") alleges a follows: Iwrropuction 1. Plaintiff spends millions of dollars each year to provide or pay forthe health care, pharmaceutical cre, and other necessary services and programs on behalf of indigents and otherwise eligible residents, including payments for prescription opium-like painkillers (‘opioids’), which are manufactured, marketed, promote, sod, and/or distributed by the Defendants. 2. Plaintiff also provides a wide range of other services on behalf of its Fesidents including services for families and children, public assistance, emergency and ambulatory services and law enforcement. 3. Monroe County contains one city, 19 towns, and 10 villages. Plaintiff is a large employer in Monroe County, employing approximately 4500 people in 23 departments, offices, bureaus and agencies. Plaintiff funds its own health insurance plan forthe benefit ofits employees, through which t pays part or allo its employees! health care costs, including the cost of prescription drugs, including opioids, Plaintiff also funds workers compensation and provides disability care programs for its employees participating inthe healthcare plan. 4. Opioids include brand-name drugs like OxyContin and Percocet and seneris lke oxyeadone and hydrocodone. They are derived from or possess properties, similar to opium and heroin, and, as such, they are highly addictive and dangerous and, therefore ae regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) as controlled substances. 5. Opioids provide effective treatment for short-term postsurgical and trauma-telated pain, and for palliative end-oflfe care, They are approved by the FDA for use inthe management of moderate to severe pain where use ofan opioid analgesic is appropriate for more than a few days, Defendants, however, have manufactured, promoted, and marketed opioids fr the management of pain by misleading consumers and medical providers through mistepresentations or omissions regarding. the appropriate uses, risks, and safety of opioids 6 Addiction encompasses a spectrum of substance use disorders that range fom misuse and abuse of drugs to addiction. Throughout this Complaint, “addiction’ refers to the entire range of substance abuse disorders. Individuals suffer negative consequences wherever they fall onthe substance use disorder continuum. 7. Defendants knew that, barring exceptional circumstances, opioids are too Addictive and ‘oo debilitating for long-term use for chronic non-cancer pain lasting three months or longer ("chronic pain’ 8. Defendants knew that, prolonged use, the effectiveness of opioids ‘wanes, requiring increases in doses to achieve pain relief and markedly increasing the risk of significant side effects and addiction? * Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (ted 2013) (‘DSM-V") 2 Ser, eg. Russell K, Fortenoy, Opioid Therapy for Chronic Nonmalignant Pin: Current ‘Status, 1 Progress in Pain Res. & Mgmt, 247-987 (HLL. Fields and J. Liebeskind eds, 1994), 9. Defendants knew that controled studies of the safety and efficacy of opioids were limited to short-term use (ie, not longer than $0 days) in managed settings (¢g, hospitals) where the isk of addiction and other adverse outcomes was significantly minimized 10. To dae, there have been no longterm studies demonstrating the safely and effcacyof opioids fr longsterm use. 11, Despite the foregoing knowledge, in order to expand the market for opioiis and realize blockbuster profits, Defendants sought to cicate a false perception of the safety and efficacy of opioids in the minds of medical professionals and members of the public that would encourage the use of opioids for longer periods of time and to treat a wider range of problems, including such common aches and pains as lower back pain, arthritis, and headaches. 12. Defendants accomplished that false perception through a coordinated, sophisticated, and highly deceptive marketing campaign that began in the late 1990, became more aggressive in or about 2006 and continues tothe prsent 13, Defendants accomplished their marketing campaign goal by convincing doctors, patients, and others that the benefits of using opioids to treat chronic pain couteeighed the risks, and that opioids could be safely used by mest patients 14, Defendants, individually and collectively, knowing that long-term opioid use causes addiction, misrepresented the dangers of long-term opioid use to physicians, pharmacists, and patients by engaging in a campaign to minimize the risks of, and to encourage, long-term opioid use. 15, Defendants’ marketing campaign has been extremely. successful in expanding opioid use. Since 199, the amount of prescription opioids sold in the US. nearly quadrupled in 2010, 254 million prescriptions for opioids were filled in the US. enough to medicate every adult in America around the clock fora month. In that Year, 20% of all doctors’ visits resulted inthe prescription ofan opioid (nearly double the rate in 2000) While Americans represent only 4.6% of the world's population, they consume 80% of the opioids supplied around the world and 99% of the global hhydrocotone supply By 2014, nearly two million Americans either abused oF were dependent on opioids 16, Defendants’ campaign has been extremely profitable for them. In 2012 alone, opioids generated $8 bilion in revenwe for drug companies, Of that amount, $3.1 billion went to Purdue for its OxyContin sales. By 2015, sales of opioids grew further to approximately billion? 17, Defendants’ marketing campaign has been extremely harmful to ‘Americans. Overdoses from prescription pain relievers are a diving factor ina 15-year opioid overdose deaths. Deaths from prescription opioids have also 8 CDC, Injury Prevention & Control: Opioid Overdose, Understanding the Epidemic. Available at:_http://www.cd2gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html (accessed December 4, 017) (internal footnotes omitted). + M, Daubresse, et al., Ambulatory Diagnosis and Treatment of Nonmalignant Pain in the United States, 2000-2010, 51(10) Med. Care 870-78 (2013). ° L. Manchikanti, et al,, Therapeutic Use, Abuse, and Nonmedical Use of Opioids: A ‘Ten-Year Perspective, 13 Pain Physician 401-435 (2010). CDG, Injury Prevention & Conirol: Opioid Overdose, Prescription Opioids, Available at: http://www cde gov /drugoverdose/opioids/ prescribed html (as viewed May 10, 2016). 71D. Crow, Drugmakers hooked on $10bn opioid habit, Financial Times (August 10, 2016) 5 quadrupled since 1999, From 2000 to 2014 nearly half a million people died from such. overdoses, Seventy-eight Americans die every ay from an opioid overdose 18, 12012, an estimated 2.1 million people in the United States suffered from substance use disorders related to prescription opioid pain relievers? Between 30% and 40% oF long-term users of opioids experience problems with opioid use disorders. 1%, On January 1, 2016, the Centers for Disease Control arnounced that “[olpioids, primarily prescription pain relievers and heroin, are the main drugs associated with overdose deaths." Alarmingly, the CDC noted that in 214 there were approximately one and a half times more drug overdose deaths in the United States than deaths from motor vehicle crashes 20, Opivid addiction and overdose have reached epidemic levels over the past decade. Cn March 22, 2016, the FDA recognized opioid abuse as a “public health CDG, inary Prevention & Controk Opioid Overdose, Understanding the Epidemic, "Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rests fom the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Heth Suamary of National Findings, NSDUH Series H- 46, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4795. Rockvile, MD. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2013 27, Boscaing etal, Risk factors for drug dependence among outpatients on opioid therapy ina large US heltare system, 105(10) Addiction 1776 (2010); Boscarine et al, Prevalence of Prescription Opioid-Use Disorder Among Chronic Pain Patients Comparison ofthe DSMCS vs. DSM Diagnoste Criteria, 30Q) Journal of Addiztive Diseees 185 201) "CDG, treeases in Drug and Opioid Overdose Deaths - United Sats, 2000-2014 Availble at hips: /worw.ede gov /mmvr/preview/mmwzhtml/mmé430x3 him (accessed December 4, 2017) 6

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