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Bridge Course
Bridge Course
Statistics:
Descriptive statistics:
• The branch of statistics, which seeks only to describe and analyse any
data is called descriptive statistics.
Inferential statistics:
Bar chart
Pareto chart
Pie chart
Histogram
Ogive
Line graph
Lorenz curve.
(i) Bar chart:
Educational No of
Qualification students
B.Tech 55
B.Com 70
B.Sc 25
B.A 45
C.A 20
• Multiple bar charts are one in which two or more bars are
placed together for each entity.
• It is one of the most popular charts for presenting the whole into
parts. It is a circular chart divided into sectors representing
relative magnitude of various components.
Percentage of Percentage of
Sources of Funds Total Uses of Funds Total
Excise 17 Central Plan 20
Non-plan Assistance and
Customs 12 Expenditure 23
Corporate Tax 21 Defence 12
Income Tax 13 Interest Payments 20
Service Tax 7 states' Share 18
Borrowings &
others 30 Subsidies 7
Total 100 100
(v)Line graphs:
• The branch of statistics, which seeks only to describe and analyse any
data is called descriptive statistics.
1) Arithmetic mean
2) Median
3) Mode
4) Geometric mean
5) Harmonic mean
Arithmetic mean:
An average is a single value within the range of the data that is used to
represent all of the values in the series.
25,30,21,55,47,10,15,17,45,35
Ans=30.
Marks 52 58 60 65 68 70 75
No of 7 5 4 6 3 3 2
Student
s
Ans= 61.6
3) The following table gives the distribution of 100 accidents in New Delhi
during seven days of a week of a given month. During that month there
were 5 Mondays, 5 Tuesdays and 5 Wednesday s and only four each for
the other days. Calculate the number of accidents per day.
Ans= 14.13
Ans=28.67
5) Ten coins were tossed together and the number of the resulting from them
was observed. The operation was performed 1050 times and the
frequencies thus obtained for different number of tails (x) are shown in the
following table. Calculate the arithmetic mean by the shortcut method.
X: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Y: 2 8 43 133 207 260 213 120 54 9 1
Ans=5.0114
Ans=145.625
Age (in 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89
years)
No of 1 0 1 10 17 38 9 3
cases:
Ans=60.7
8) Find the value of p for the following distribution whose mean is 16.6
F: 12 16 20 24 16 8 4
X: 8 12 15 P 20 25 30
Ans=16.6
14) The mean marks of 100 students were found to be 40. Later on it
was discovered that a score f 53 was misread as 83. Find the correct mean
corresponding to the correct score.
Ans=39.7
Median
5 19 42 11 50 30 21 0 52 36 27 . Find median
Ans=27runs.
6 10 4 3 9 11 22 18
Ans=9.5
sr. no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Marks 53 54 32 30 60 46 28 25 48 72 33 65
(Statisti
cs)
Marks 55 41 48 49 27 25 23 20 28 60 43 67
(Physics
)
Ans=42.
No of 6 4 16 7 8 2
students
Marks: 20 9 25 50 40 80
Ans= 25
X: 5 7 9 12 14 17 19 21
Y: 6 5 3 6 5 3 2 4
Ans=12
6) The following table gives the weekly expenditure of 100 families. Find the
median weekly expenditure.
Ans=24.815
Ans=153.9
Mode
1) A shoe shop in Delhi had sold 100 pairs of shoes of a particular brand on a
certain day with the following distribution: find the mode of the
distribution.
Size of 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Shoes
No of pairs: 10 15 20 35 16 3 1
Ans=7
Ans= 25.36
4) Calculate AM, median and mode from the following frequency distribution.
Measures of dispersion
The degree to which numerical data tend to spread about an average value is
called the variation or dispersion of the data.
• The range
Range
Ans=0.714
1) Find out the value of quartile deviation and its coefficient from the
following data:
Marks 10 20 30 40 50 60
No of 4 7 15 8 7 2
students
Ans: QD=10 and coeff=0.333
Mean deviation
1) Calculate the mean deviation and its coefficient of the two income
groups of five and seven members.
X 10 11 12 13 14
F 3 12 18 12 3
Ans=0.75
Standard deviation
Salarie 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
s in (Rs
000)
Numbe 3 5 8 7 9 7 4 7
r of
person
s
Calculate SD of the salaries. Ans =10.35
Coefficient of variation
1) From the prices of shares of X and Y below find out which is more in value:
X 35 54 52 53 56 58 52 50 51 49
Y 108 107 105 105 106 107 104 103 104 101
Ans: CV of X=11.6 & CV of Y=1.905
b) Compare the variability and state which brand of tyres would you use on
your fleet of trucks/
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Probability
1. A can solve 80% of the problems, while B can solve 90% of problems in a
Statistics book. A problem is selected at random. What is the probability
that at least one of them will solve it?
2. In a box, there are 2 white and 4 black balls. What is the probability that
both of the two balls drawn, one after the other, are white?
3. In families with two children, what is the probability that a family will have
4. A speaks the truth in 60% and B in 75% of the cases. In what percentage
of the cases, they are likely to contradict each other stating the same
fact?
i. No sale will take place when they both try to sell the product
10.A candidate is selected for interviews for 3 posts. For the first post, there
are 3 candidates are second, 4 and for the third post there are 2
candidates. What is the probability that the candidate is selected for at
least one post?
11.Three machines producing 40%, 35% and 25% of the total output are
known to produce with defective proportion of items as: o.04, 0.06 and
0.03, respectively. On a particular day, a unit of output is selected at
random, and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it was
produced by the second machine?
12.In a basin area where oil is likely to be found underneath the surface,
there are three locations with three different types of earth composition,
say C1, C2 and C3.