SOIL & MINERAL

RESOURCES
Soil
Weathering
Formation of soil from rocks
Factors acting together on rocks to form soil
Minerals
Properties of Minerals
MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES
SOIL RESOURCES
Formation of soil from rocks
Factors acting together on rocks to form soil
 SOIL
--is formed when rocks and other
materials near the Earth’s
surface are broken down by a
number of processes collectively
called weathering.
 WEATHERING
• It is the process by which rocks are
chemically altered or physically broken
down into fragments at or near Earth’s
surface.
• Two Forms:
1. Mechanical Weathering – the process of
physically breaking rock into smaller
fragment.
2. Chemical Weathering – a process in
which rock is broken down by chemical
reactions.
 SOIL FORMATION

1. When a piece of rock is exposed to the

sun, its outer part expands.
 SOIL FORMATION

2. On cooling, at night time, the outer part of

the rock contracts or shrink.
 SOIL FORMATION

3. Once broken down, water enters the

cracks causing some minerals to dissolve.
 SOIL FORMATION

4. Air also enters the cracks, and oxygen in

the air combines with some elements. Once
soft and broken, bacteria and small plants
start to grow in the cracks of the rock.
 FACTORS ACTING
TOGETHER ON ROCKS TO
FORM SOIL
1. CLIMATE – expressed as both
temperature and rainfall effects, is often
considered the most powerful soil-
forming factor.

A. Temperature – controls how fast chemical

reactions occur.
 Mature soils have more silt and clay on or
near the surface.
 FACTORS ACTING
TOGETHER ON ROCKS TO
FORM SOIL
B. Rainfall
 Water directly affects the movement of
soluble soil nutrients from the top soil to
deep under the ground (leaching).
 Acidic Rainwater may also contribute to
the loss of minerals in soil resulting in low
field
MINERAL RESOURCES
 MINERALS
--Are naturally occurring, nonliving,
solid with a definite structure and
composition.
 PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
1. Luster – is the way in which its
surface reflects light.

a. Metallic – generally opaque and exhibit

a resplendent shine similar to a polished
metal

b. Non-metallic – vitreous (glassy),

adamantine (brilliant/diamond-like),
resinous, silky, pearly, dull(earthy), greasy,
etc.
 PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
2. HARDNESS – is the resistance of a
mineral to scratching.
MOHS HARDNESS SCALE
 PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
3. COLOR – depend on what element is
present and abundant to a particular mineral
 PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
4. STREAK –the color of minerals in its
powder form.
 PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
5. Fracture – minerals that break with rough
or jagged edger.
 PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
6. CLEAVAGE –way the mineral breaks
along flat smooth surface.
 PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
7. DENSITY – depends on its chemical
composition.

 Minerals made up of elements with

higher atomic masses have higher
densities.
 PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
8. MAGNETISM – minerals containing
iron are magnetic.

9. ACID TEST – use to find out if the

minerals contain CO3.
 MINERAL
RESOURCES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 Important METALLIC MINERALS
found in various parts of the
Philippines

• Gold
• Copper
• Iron
• Chromite
• Nickel
• Cobalt
• Platinum
 The Philippines has also varied
NONMETALLIC RESOURCES

• Sand
• Gravel
• Limestone
• Marble
• Clay
• Other quarry materials
THE PHILIPPINES IS LISTED
AS THE..

• 5th mineral country in the world

• 3rd in Gold reserves
• 4th in copper
• 5th in nickel
WHY THE PHILIPPINES IS
RICH IN MINERAL
RESOURCES?
 Pacific Ring of Fire
 The richness of the Philippines in terms of
mineral resources is being attributed to its
location in the so-called Pacific Ring of
Fire.
 This area is associated with over 450
volcanoes and is home to approximately
75% of World’s active Volcanoes.
Pacific Ring of Fire
Pacific Ring of Fire
 WHY ARE MINERALS
LOCATED WHERE THERE
ARE VOLCANOES?
 ASSIGNMENT
Give a list of mineral deposits in the Philippines
and their location, and what geologic structures
(active volcanoes, faults and trenches) are
found near the location of the metallic
deposits?
Metal, in symbols Metal, in words Province/Region Geologic
where the metals Structure near the
are found location of the
metallic Deposits

1.
2.
3.
4.
..
10.
THANK YOU! 