International Water Conference Proceedings - 1940-2009

International Water Conference Proceedings - 1940-2009
IWC Ref. No. Presentation Type Published?

IWC-00~00 Keynote Address
IWC-00~S09PD Panel Discussion Transcript
IWC-00-01 Report
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Title Author & Affiliation List Abstract
Keynote Address CHRISTIAN MAURIN, Chairman and CEO, Nalco Chemical Company, The objective of the Keynote
Naperville, IL Address was to expand awareness
concerning the current worldwide
water situation, and the important
responsibility that water experts
have to help industry use water as
efficiently as possible. Integrated
water management solutions
would help preserve the water
supply while serving all sectors
and applications equally well.
Panel Discussion: Panel Moderator: James Robinson, BetzDearborn, Horsham, PA,
Prevention of Industrial
Boiler Tube Failures
Microbiological Control in RICHARD W. LUTEY, Ph.D., RW Lutey & Associates Inc., Memphis, TN This report is an overview
Process Cooling Water discussion of what effect recent
Systems: An Overview operational and environmental
changes have on the technology
for microorganism control in
process water systems. Non-
traditional sources of make-up
water and the increased
importance of environmental
stewardship need an assessment
of the capability of current
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Author's Keywords Order
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Make-up water, microbiological problems, MIC, alternative
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make-up water, environmental impact, population
dynamics, ecological succession, microorganism control,
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biocide, biostats, biodispersants
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IWC-00-02 Paper
IWC-00-02D Prepared Discussion
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technology to control existing and
future problems of uncontrolled
microbiological growth, corrosion,
scale, and fouling. The question is
discussed as to whether the "state-
of-the-art" technology adequately
provide solutions to present and
future challenges of controlling
microorganisms in process cooling
water systems?
The On-Line Recovery STEVE E. WILKENS, Buckman Laboratories (Pty) Ltd., Bedfordview, South A fouled recirculating cooling water
and Treatment of a Fouled Africa, W. D. SAUNDERS, Sasol Technology (Pry) Ltd., Secunda, South Africa was successfully recovered using
Cooling System in the on-line treatment. The system
Presence of blow-down was discharged to the
Environmental Constraints natural screen in a sensitive
aquatic system, to which specific
environmental constraints were
applied by the authorities. The
cleaning program was designed
and implemented with an
awareness of these constraints,
specifically phosphorus containing
compounds and metals. An
application period of four months
was required to ensure the
success of the cleaning program.
The On-Line Recovery TONY J. TVEDT, Jr. Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Angelton, TX
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On-line cleaning, open recirculating cooling system,

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deposits, bio-dispersants, corrosion inhibitors
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IWC-00-03 Report
IWC-00-04 Paper
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and Treatment of a Fouled
Cooling System in the
Presence of
Environmental Constraints
Innovations in Fill Fouling F. PHILIP YU, COLEMAN ROCKWELL, MIKE KUHNE, ANDREW COOPER, This paper describes a new
Control MICHAEL GROSHANS, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, IL, GORDON approach to remedy and monitor
CRISWELL, Montana Power Company the high efficiency film fill fouling
problem. Two power plants that
suffered from severe cooling tower
fill of fouling were treated
successfully with an innovative
biodetergent technology. In
addition, an optical fouling monitor
(OFM) was developed to detect
biofilm establishment. This Biofilm
detection capability allowed
proactive biological control
program changes that prevented
the occurrence of severe fill
fouling.
Off Site Condensate Resin GREG BARTLEY, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN, ROBERT T. At four fossil stations, condensate
Regeneration by Service TAYLOR, Ecolochem, Inc., Norfolk, VA polisher throughput increased by
Contract 27-37 percent after initiating offsite
resin regeneration. This service
improved cycle chemistry, lowered
cost of treatment, eliminated lost
generation from acid and and
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Cooling water, film fill, biofouling, biodispersant,

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biodetergent, biocide, on-line monitoring, optical fouling
monitor
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Condensate polishing, Deltaflow, ion exchange, make-up,

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membrane treatment, off-Site regeneration, outsourcing,
service contract
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IWC-00-05 Paper
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caustic ingress, and eliminated
hazardous regenerant chemicals
from the sites. Contract
regeneration also provides the
unique capability to adjust resin
ratios at each regeneration to
optimize polisher performance
based on cycle chemistry.
Off Site Condensate Resin JIM PINKOWSKI, ABB Alstom Power, Richmond, VA
Regeneration by Service
Contract
Capital versus Service MARC BEUNEN, Ecolochem International Inc.. Peterborough, UK, STEPHANE Facing the problems of an ageing
Contract Make-Up ORLOFFE, Electrabel Intervapeur, Vetviers, Belgium makeup treatment system. The
Systems at Intervapeur Intervapeur cogeneration plant has
Cogeneration Station, compared capital revamping vs.
Verviers, Belgium outsourced pretreatment and has
chosen this last one. This paper
reviews the reasons of this choice,
compares the European and
American situations, and finally
discusses the results of one year
operation.
Capital versus Service MARK CHERESNOWSKY, Infilco Degremont, Inc., Richmond, VA
Contract Make-Up
Systems at Intervapeur
Cogeneration Station,
Verviers, Belgium
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Cogeneration, Belgium, service contract, outsourcing,
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reverse osmosis, filtration, coagulation
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IWC-00-14 Report
IWC-00-06 Paper
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Verviers, Belgium
The Impact of Eliminating BRETT ANDREWS, JOSEPH MAZUR, PermaCare US A Inc., San Diego, CA Sodium Zeolite Softeners are often
Softeners as Pre- seen as the most efficient method
Treatment for Reverse of scale control for reverse
Osmosis Systems osmosis plants and are widely
used for pre-treatment. The paper
looks at the impact on economics
and system performance by
replacing ion exchange softening
with chemical antiscalant
Modernization Concepts; DAN RICE, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI
Utilizing Bayer
Countercurrent Packed
Bed Technology
Water Treatment Markets LILI XIAO, TDC International, Montgomeryville, PA, JIUYUAN JIN, Water This paper will present extensive
in China's Power Industry Treatment Technologies for Power Generation Industry, Xian, China data to help you assess the
potential market size and
opportunities in the Chinese power
generation markets. While China’s
power industry has shown rapid
growth for more than a decade (an
increase in capacity of 79.3 GW
from 1992 to 1997 alone), the
coming economic boom after
China enters WTO is expected to
rival the surge of the economic
development in 1992 and will
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IWC-00-07 Paper
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development in 1992 and will
further accelerate the power
industry growth. Great attention is
being paid to investigating effective
and low cost technologies and
products for power plant
wastewater treatment. Although
Chinese water treatment
companies started entering the
condensate polishing sector during
recent years, power plant
investors’ preference for imported
condensate polishing systems will
continue to prevail.
Water Treatment Markets DANIEL SHANNON, EWM Associates, Houston, TX
in China's Power Industry
Honda of America Reuses TOM WOODROW, E. JOSEPH DUCKETT, PH.D., PE., Eichleay Environmental, Honda’s “Green Factory” program
"Gray" Water Pittsburgh, PA, BILL HOLTSHERRY, Honda of America, East Liberty, OH aims to minimize wastes and
improve the environmental
performance of the entire Plant.
Thanks to an innovative
wastewater recycling program
almost 40,000 gpd of treated
effluent (“gray water”) are recycled
for use other than human
consumption
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IWC-00-08 Paper
IWC-00-08D Report
IWC-00-10 Report
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consumption
Honda of America Reuses PRADEEP M. AMIN, Fluor Daniel Company, Aliso Fiejo, CA
"Gray" Water
Evaluation of Water DEMETRI P. PETRIDES, A. KOULOURIS, J. CALANDRANIS, INTELLIGEN, The role of process simulation in
Recycling Options at a INC., Scotch Plains, NJ, SCOTT HOUTHUYSEN , Lucent Technologies, designing and evaluating the
Semiconductor Fabrication Berkeley Heights, NJ performance of water purification
Plant Using Process and wastewater treatment facilities
Simulation is discussed beyond. The
environmental and economic
assessment of a water recycling
effort at a semiconductor
fabrication facility is presented.
Evaluation of Water STEPHEN E. DOMINICK, USFilter, Rockford, IL
Recycling Options at a
Semiconductor Fabrication
Plant Using Process
Simulation
Eliminating Oxidizing R. JONES, BetzDearborn, Trevose, PA, JAMES F. ECHOLS, SIDTEC Services, Since 1992, a non-intrusive, on-
Biocides from Condenser Inc., Houston, TX, TOM FREEMAN, Mississippi Power Co., Escatawpa, MS, M. line mechanical tube cleaning
Cooling Water Systems LONG, PECO Energy, Delta, PA system has been used to maintain
main steam condenser cleanliness
in the absence of oxidizing
biocides, gaining over seventy five
unit-years of experience. This
paper examines the condenser
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Water purification, wastewater treatment, water recycling,
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computer-aided process designed, process modeling,
project economic evaluation, process simulation
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Condenser, tube cleaning, heat rate, performance,

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oxidizing biocide
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IWC-00-11 Paper
IWC-00-12 Paper
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maintenance program of three
case histories of plants using the
condenser maintenance program.
Mixed-Oxidant Application WESLEY L. BRADFORD, Ph.D., Los Alamos Technical Associates, Inc., Los Tests using mixed-oxidant solution
in Cooling Tower Alamos, NM, PAUL PETERSON, Trident Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA instead of oxidizing biocides for
Maintenance cooling tower maintenance found:
(1) aerobic bacteria counts
consistently less than 1000/mL in
the cooling water; (2) ease in
maintaining FAC concentrations at
0.2 - 0.3 mg/L using an ORP
controller; and (3) removal of
biofilms from cooling surfaces,
reducing microbiologically-induced
corrosion
Mixed-Oxidant Application EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Drew Industrial Division of Ashland Canada, Ajax,
in Cooling Tower Ontario, Canada
Maintenance
Algicidal Performance of ANDREW J. COOPER, ANTHONY W. DALLMIER, Nalco Chemical Company, This paper presents results of
Bromine Biocides and Naperville, IL laboratory and field studies that
Recommendations for evaluated algicidal properties of
Algae Control in Cooling stabilized and unstabilized halogen
Water Systems biocides. These studies also
evaluated the algicidal properties
of isothiazolone-based non-
oxidizing biocide composition.
Also presented are results of field
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Mixed oxidants, cooling tower maintenance, aerobic

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bacteria, biofilms, corrosion control
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Cooling water, algae control, bromine, biocide
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IWC-00-13 Report
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Also presented are results of field
studies to evaluate efficacy of
stabilized alkaline liquid bromine
antimicrobial at controlling algae
fouling in open recirculating
cooling water systems.
Mechanical, operational, and
chemical recommendations for
algae control are summarized to
serve as a reference for end-users
who require solutions to algae
control problems.
Algicidal Performance of ROBERT D. BARTHOLOMEW, PE, Sheppard T. Powell Associates, LLC,
Bromine Biocides and Baltimore, MD
Recommendations for
Algae Control in Cooling
Water Systems
Dosing Liquid Disinfection Dr. ANDREW W. COURT, DAVID GRANT, A. G. CALLERY, Portacel This paper describes al pumpless
Chemicals under Vacuum: Disinfection Systems, Hampshire, UK process of disinfectant liquid
Experiences from within dosing under vacuum conditions,
the UK and USA Water and identifies the salient design
Industry features of this new dosing
system. It focuses on the lessons
learned through the design,
installation and operation of a
number of sites within the UK and
USA where liquid chemicals,
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IWC-00-15 Paper
IWC-00-16 Paper
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sodium hypochlorite and sodium
bisulfite, are used for disinfection
of consumer water supplies. It
discusses delivery systems, full
scale operational experience and
problems encountered under site-
specific conditions to chemical
reactions of the liquid with water.
Interstage Energy JULIA E. NEMETH, P.E., Ham R/O Systems, Inc., Venice, FL, STEVEN Marco Island, Florida operates a 6
Recovery Turbine DURANCEAU, Ph.D., P.E., Boyle Engineering Corporation, Orlando, FL MGD reverse osmosis plant. The
Application - Marco Island, brackish water feed TDS can vary
Florida from 7000 to 11,000 mg/l. The
utility incorporated inter-stage
energy recovery boosters in the
RO skids during an expansion and
later added boosters to the second
stage. The RO plant has been
operating for two years with the
energy recovery turbines. Data is
presented on capital costs versus
energy savings and on improved
performance and membrane life.
Interstage Energy GEOFFREY K. HART, Montgomery Watson, Sunrise, FL
Recovery Turbine
Application - Marco Island,
Florida
Pilot Testing High ROBERT BRADLEY, Hydrometrics, Inc., Houston, TX This paper describes the design,
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Water treatment, reverse osmosis, energy recovery,

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Interstage boost
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IWC-00-17 Paper
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Efficiency Reverse development, pilot testing and
Osmosis on Gas Well scale-up of a new process to clean
Produced Water up the highly saline produced
water at natural gas wells involving
ion exchange and reverse
osmosis. This process removes
the salts, organics, and metal ions
so that 80% of the treated water
meets drinking water standards
allowing it to be used for irrigation
or discharged to streams and
fishing ponds. The remaining 20%
is disposed of in the original deep
wells. The process is
environmentally beneficial and is
less expensive than transporting
all of the water to disposal wells.
Pilot Testing High BRIAN POWERS, The Dow Chemical Company, Kingwood, TX
Efficiency Reverse
Osmosis on Gas Well
Produced Water
System Monitoring for SARA JANE GEARY, JAMES C. BELLOWS, Siemens Westinghouse Power The logic to simplify monitoring in
Chemistry Control Corp., Orlando, FL a modern combined cycle plant is
given. Examples with silica and
sodium show that for relatively
non-volatile species, the HP boiler
water can be used as the plant
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Monitoring, sample system, power cycle, cross control,

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steam purity, boiler water
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IWC-00-17AC Authors Closure
IWC-00-18 Paper
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control sample and will indicate
that equipment protection
requirements are met. Other
parameters will require more direct
monitoring. The relationships
among various samples are used
to select the plant control
parameters. The relationships
must be periodically confirmed.
System Monitoring for SARA JANE GEARY, JAMES C. BELLOWS, Siemens Westinghouse Power
Chemistry Control Corp., Orlando, FL
System Monitoring for WILLIAM MOORE, Calpine Corp., Houston, TX

Chemistry Control
A Study on the Application JEON-SOO MOON, KWANG-KYU PARK, SEOK-WON YUN, Korea Electric The kinetics and mechanism of
of a New Dissolved Power Research Institute,(KEPRI), Taejon, South Korea, GON SEO, Chonnam dissolved oxygen reduction by
Oxygen Removal System National University, Taejon, South Korea hydrazine and hydrogen were
Using Activated Carbon studied over noble metal and
Fiber Cartridge Catalyst transition metal oxide catalysts
supported on activated carbon
fiber (ACF). The activity of
prototype Pt/ACF cartridge catalyst
and the feasibility of its field
application were examined with
good results by a pilot scale
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IWC-00-19 Report
IWC-00-20 Paper
Page 37 of 5199 01/27/2018

reactor.
A Study on the Application RONALD D. WINE, Ronald D. Wine Consulting, Harrisburg, PA

of a New Dissolved
Oxygen Removal System
Using Activated Carbon
Fiber Cartridge Catalyst
Nuclear Plant Steam KARA PRENTICE, PHILIP BATTAGLIA, ART BYERS, , DEBORAH Technologies that allow nuclear
Generator Deposit FARNSWORTH, JONNA PARTEZANA, Westinghouse Electric Co., Pittsburgh, plant steam generator tubing to
Management PA operate without corrosion over the
life of the plant are critical. By
extending steam generator
lifetime, nuclear utilities achieve
increased operating performance
and economic benefits. This paper
discusses several engineering
evaluations that comprise an
approach known as Steam
Generator Deposit Management.
Maintaining Storage Tank J. HELMRICH, Florid a Power & Light, Florid a City, FL, WILLIAM E. HAAS, A gas Transfer Membrane,
Dissolved Oxygen Levels Ecolochem, Inc., Norfolk, VA, J. E. STATON, Ecolochem Inc., Miami, FL operating on a kidney loop,
Utilizing Gas Transfer continuously maintains dissolved
Membranes oxygen levels in a storage tank to
less than 100 ppb. Initially, the
tank required a seven x turn over
rate to bring the dissolved oxygen
from 3.0 ppm dissolved oxygen to
less than 100 ppb. The data
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Steam generator, deposit management, deposit analysis,

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deposit profiling, visual inspection
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Gas transfer membrane, GTM, deoxygenation, nitrogen

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blanket, storage tank, dissolved oxygen, the gassing
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IWC-00-21 Paper
IWC-00-22 Paper
Page 40 of 5199 01/27/2018

less than 100 ppb. The data
shows that this process is an
acceptable substitute for a nitrogen
blanket or other technology that
prevents oxygen ingress into a
storage tank.
Quad Polymer Technology JOHN RICHARDSON, MICHAEL G. TRULEAR, Chem Treat, Inc., Richmond VA A new quad polymer technology
- Advances and Benefits designed for acid free high LSI
for High Alkaline / High cooling system operation has been
Cycle Cooling Water developed. Benefits, including
Treatment direct measurability of key actives
and superior performance at high
calcite and magnesium-silicate
saturation levels, are discussed.
Results of laboratory research and
field experience are presented.
Quad Polymer Technology THOMAS W. WOLFE, Puckorius & Associates, Baton Rouge, LA
- Advances and Benefits
for High Alkaline / High
Cycle Cooling Water
Treatment
Chemical Conditioning Dr. FABIO GIGLI, CHIMEC S.p.A., Rome, Italy The chemical conditioning program
Programme for an for cooling circuits of a plant was
Evaporative Tower producing phosphoric and sulfuric
Cooling Circuit acid has been presented. The
choice of the program also takes
into account the particular
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Water shortage, stand storms, plate heat exchangers,

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bacteria growth, algae growth, scale, corrosion, pilot heat
exchanger, pilot cooling tower
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IWC-00-23 Paper
IWC-00-24 Paper
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environmental situations, as well
as the characteristics of the plant
and the makeup water. Treatment
has been defined after a practical
and theoretical study using
software and the pilot cooling
tower.
Part II: Cooling Water PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO Phosphate use in cooling systems
Deposits - Calcium is extensive and requires
Phosphate Prediction knowledge of when deposits will
Tools: Those that Work occur and how to predict their
and Those that Don't: occurrence. Guidelines for both
Guidelines useful predictive and impact of
water quality are provided along
with those that are not useful.
Part II: Cooling Water ROBERT J. FERGUSON, French Creek Software, Kimberton, PA
Deposits - Calcium
Phosphate Prediction
Tools: Those that Work
and Those that Don't:
Guidelines
Calcium Carbonate GORDON R. BURTON, M. E. BLIMKIE, C. W. TURNER, Atomic Energy of Increased hardness of the process
Deposition from Industrial Canada, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada, MICHAEL E. ROGERS, Syncrude Canad water at Syncrude Canada Ltd. is
Process Water and It's a Ltd., Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada expected to result in increased
Mitigation on Heated and deposition on their process heat
Unheated Surfaces exchangers and piping. The ability
to predict and mitigate the
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Indices, scale, phosphate, calcium phosphate, cooling

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water
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Process water, scaling inhibitor, scaling, heat exchanger,

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oil sands, modeling, radioactive tracing
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IWC-00-25 Report
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deposition from process water has
been investigated by a radiotracer
technique using a model heat
exchanger fouling loop.
Deposition on the heated and
downstream isothermal surfaces
was dominated by precipitation
and particulate fouling
respectively. The rate of
precipitation fouling was
significantly higher than the rate of
particle deposition, and both rates
increased with increasing
temperature. The results were
incorporated a preliminary model
to predict deposition rates as a
function of water chemistry and
heat exchanger temperature.
Calcium Carbonate ROBERT W. ZUHL, BF Goodrich Co/Specialty Additives Group, Cleveland, OH
Deposition from Industrial
Process Water and It's
Mitigation on Heated and
Unheated Surfaces
Reverse Osmosis SIMON G. GARE, Ecolochem International, Inc., Peterborough, UK, MATTHEW To reduce the high silica content in
Pretreatment of High Silica J. WHITE, Ecolochem International, Inc., Philippines, JORGE L. MASBATE, Jr., their feedwater, a single-pass RO
Waters Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corp., Philippines system with ion exchange
softening pretreatment was
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IWC-00-26 Paper
IWC-00-27 Report
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installed in a petroleum refinery in
South East Asia. The results of this
outsourced installation will be
discussed.
Treatment of Smelter BOB KIMBALL, Hydrometrics, Inc., Helena, MT An innovative RO process was
Wastewater Using an successfully pilot-tested and is
Innovative Reverse being installed at a metals smelter
Osmosis Process Allows to treat process wastewater for
Zero-Liquid Discharge zero liquid discharge. This paper
presents the results of the pilot test
activities.
Treatment of Smelter WAYNE BATES, Hydranautics, Rockton, IL
Wastewater Using an
Innovative Reverse
Osmosis Process Allows
Zero-Liquid Discharge
Low Fouling Polyamide PATRICK H. KINGHORN, Ecolochem, Inc., Baytown, TX, WILLIAM E. HAAS, Sets of cellulose acetate
Reverse Osmosis Ecolochem, Inc., Norfolk, VA membranes, low fouling polyamide
Membranes: A membranes from one
Comparison of manufacturer, and low fouling
Manufacturers' Products polyamide membranes from
and a Comparison to another manufacturer were
Cellulose Acetate operated under virtually identical
Membranes on a High conditions. The fouling nature and
Fouling Surface Water salt rejection for each were
compared and contrasted. There
were unremarkable differences in
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Reverse osmosis, membranes, polyamide, cellulose

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acetate, fouling
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IWC-00-28 Report
IWC-00-29 Report
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salt rejection over time. Both low
fouling polyamide membranes
demonstrated greater fouling than
the cellulose acetate membranes.
After almost one year, the low
fouling polyamide membranes
continued to require less pressure
than the cellulose acetate
membranes.
Enhancing the STAN LUECK, RODI Systems Corp., Aztec, NM Cases have been documented in
Measurement of Silt which the conventional silt density
Density Index by Chemical index (SDI) test was not effective
Modification of the Sample in identifying the fouling potential
Stream of RO Feedwater as it does not
simulate the chemical changes
which occur in the RO systems. A
new method of SDI testing is
currently being developed in which
a small amount of reagent is
injected into the sample stream
before it passes through the filter.
This simulates the change in
chemistry occurring on the surface
of the membrane and allows the
SDI test to detect a wider range of
potential RO foulants.
An Examination of the Use GLENN REYNOLDS, ROBERT GLOD, New Logic International, Emeryville, CA This report will discuss the use of
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Reverse osmosis, desalination, monitoring, silt density

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index, SDI, membrane fouling
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IWC-00-30 Panel Report
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of Vibrational Shear in vibrational shear in UF, NF and
Ultra-Filtration, Nano- RO membrane water treatment.
Filtration and Reverse This will cover the process &
Osmosis Membrane Water effectiveness. Basis is case study
Treatment & prior performance
Boiler Failure Mechanisms DOUGLAS DEWITT-DICK, STEPHEN McINTYRE, JOSEPH HOFILENA, Providing explanations of in-
Ashland Specialty Chemical Co., Boonton, NJ service boiler tube failures may be
delayed pending complete
metallurgical analysis. Field
observations in conjunction with
central records may be useful in
preliminary failure assessment.
This paper will present several
case studies and provide
information to assist the operator
in preliminary failure assessment.
The mechanisms reviewed include
overheating, hydrogen damage,
chemically induced corrosion, and
corrosion fatigue.
The Impact of Water ROBERT HOLLOWAY, Holloway Associates, Etobicoke, Ontario, Caanada This report describes conditions
Treatment System Design and occurrences in feedwater
and Operation on Boiler treatment systems that can
Feedwater Purity and contribute to boiler tube deposition,
Boiler Tube Failures corrosion and possible failure. The
information is based on many
years of personal observation of
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Deposit weight density, hydrogen damage, caustic

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gouging, departure from nuclear boiling, DNB, Larson-Miller
parameter, flow assisted corrosion
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the design and operation of all
types of make-up water and
condensate treatment equipment.
Determining the Need for K. ANTHONY SELBY, Water Technology Consultants, Inc., Evergreen, CO Boilers begin to accumulate
Chemically Cleaning a deposits as soon as they are
Boiler placed in service. In some cases
the impact of deposit accumulation
is a loss of efficiency. In other
cases, however, the deposits may
insulate the tubes and cause boiler
tube failures. There are several
methods that can be used to
determine if a boiler needs to be
cleaned. Included are the
occurrence of boiler tube failures,
inspections, non-destructive
testing, a review of water
chemistry trends and “deposit
weight density” (deposit mass
loading) determinations.
Use of Comprehensive MEL J. ESMACHER, BetzDearborn, the Woodlands, TX, GEORGE BODMAN, Inspection techniques using cut
Deposit Analysis George H. Bodman, Inc., Kingwood, TX boiler tubes, such as deposit
Techniques to Evaluate weight densities and deposit
Boiler Deposits Prior to compositional analysis, can assist
Chemical Cleaning in determining the need for
chemical cleaning. This paper
reviews laboratory- based deposit
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Boiler, cleaning, chemical cleaning, deposits, boiler failure,

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deposit weight density
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Boiler deposit analysis, SEM-EDXA, chemical cleaning,

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boiler to failure analysis
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IWC-00-34 Paper
IWC-00-35 Report
Page 61 of 5199 01/27/2018

assessment, emphasizing how
these analytical test results
influence chemical cleaning
protocol.
Major Improvement in PAULO S. S. SANTIAGO, Nalco Chemical Company, Sao Paulo, Brazil, A large ammonia-urea plant was
Cooling System RICARDO PRADO SANTOS, Ultrafertil, Aaucaroa, Brazil submitted to some changes in its
Performance at an cooling water system aiming new
Ammonia/Urea Plant control limits. A new concept in
cooling water treatment was
applied which, in spite of
occasional makeup water upsets,
provided optimum overall
performance.
Major Improvement in RICHARD O. YOUMANS, Buckman Laboratories International, Inc., Memphis,
Cooling System TN
Performance at an
Ammonia/Urea Plant
Redefining Cooling Water EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Drew Industrial division, Ashland Canada, Inc., A global team developed a plan to
Treatment Ajax, Ontario, Canada, KEVIN M. GOTTSCHALK, Ashland Specialty Chemical improve upon current industry
Company, Boonton, NJ standards in cooling water product
development. The outcome was a
chemical additive line for the new
millennium, which redefines
cooling water treatment and also
defines cooling waters by their
degree of stress. Both dynamic
laboratory results and field
Page 62 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cooling water, contaminated makeup water, monitoring

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tools, water savings, energy savings
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Corrosion, fouling, crystallization, total cost of ownership,

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heat flux, heat transfer resistance, skin temperature,
velocity, advanced additive, Larson-Skold Index
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IWC-00-37 Paper
IWC-00-38 Report
Page 64 of 5199 01/27/2018

application case histories will be
discussed.
Pilot and Plant Scale Test W. D. SAUNDERS, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd. Secunda, South Africa, C. P. Extensive research work on pilot
Work on the Direct Reuse BRAND, Sasol Synthetic Fuels, Secunda, South Africa, S. FERREIRA, scale and subsequent application
of Process Streams as Innovative Water Solutions, Secunda, South Africa on plant scale by reusing effluent
Cooling Water Makeup process streams from a large
petrochemical plant were
performed. It was established that
potentially troublesome effluents
be successfully used as a low cost
cooling water makeup. This may
be achieved significant
pretreatment. It was found that in
addition to being a heat dissipation
unit, the cooling towers could also
serve as a bio-oxidation reactor
without the formation of excessive
biomass/ sludge. Unique
biological, corrosion, scale and
fouling mechanisms found to be
present using this application.
Pilot and Plant Scale Test BENNETT P. BOFFARDI, Boffardi and Associates, Bethel Park, PA
Work on the Direct Reuse
of Process Streams as
Cooling Water Makeup
Performance of High TAKESHI IZUMI, TOSHI TAKAI, AKIRA MATSUMOTO, TAKAO INO, A new gel type cation exchange
Crosslinkage Gel Type MASAHIRO HAGIWARA, Ebara Corporation, Fujisauashi. Tokyo, Japan, resin with 14% crosslinkage has
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Stripped gas liquor, reaction water, oily sewer water,

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biosystems, corrosion, scale, fouling, cooling tower
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Leachables, high crosslinkage, gel type cation exchange

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resin, condensate demineralizer
Page 66 of 5199 01/27/2018
IWC-00-39 Report
IWC-00-40 Report
Page 67 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cation Exchange Resins MARVIN H. TEGEN, JAMES STAHLBUSH, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, been developed for use in
for Condensate MI condensate polishers and was
Demineralizers evaluated in terms of leaching
characteristics by various methods
in the laboratory as well as in an
actual nuclear power plant. The
resin has proven to be an excellent
cation resin with its low leaching
behavior as well as much less
fouling on the anion resin when
used in a mixed bed.
The Cost of Producing PHIL FATULA, Bayer Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, STEFAN HILGER, Bayer AG, A number of upflow “packed bed”
Demineralized Water in Leverkusen, Germany, FRED MUIR, Ecodyne Ltd., Burlington, Ontario, Canada, demineralization systems have
the Gulf Coast with Upflow PAUL GROSS, DARIN CUNNINGHAM, Liquid Process Technologies, Houston, been operating continuously in the
"Packed Beds" TX Gulf Coast region for the past four
years. This paper compiles the
actual operating costs all three
specific installation, discusses the
components associated with these
costs, and compares them to
operating costs calculated for
membrane-based systems capable
of producing the same
demineralized water quality.
Softening with WAC Resin GUY J. MOMMAERTS, Ion Exchange Services (Canada) Inc., Elora, Ontario, Review of means to use WAC,
Canada weak acid cation resin, for
softening, either in H-form or Na-
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Upflow packed bed, counter-current demineralizer, cycle

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time, macroporous, gel-type, weak ion exchanger, strong
ion exchanger, total dissolved solids
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Softening, total dissolved solids, TDS, strong acid cation

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resin, SAC, weak acid cation resin, WAC, hardness
leakage
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IWC-00-41 Report
IWC-00-42 Report
Page 70 of 5199 01/27/2018

form. Also addressed is the
feasibility to regenerate WAC resin
with brine, as polishing resin.
The Effect of Service HERMAN C. HAMANN, JOSEPH V. D'ALESSANDRO, The Purolite Co., Iodinated quaternary ammonium
Parameters on Iodine Philadelphia, PA, JAMES A. MANSI, VIRGINIA H. MILLS, MICHAEL C. SHARP, resin technology provides the
Release from Iodinated School of Health and Science, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, PA ability of producing small water
Anion Resins treatment devices which will be the
active in removing and/or killing
the majority of water borne
pathogens. These devices can be
designed so that they elute iodine
at a controlled rate, and require no
electricity or pressure to provide
portable water. In this report the
effect of flow rate, pH, TDS and
mono and divalent anions on the
rate of iodine elution from an
iodinated anion exchange resin is
evaluated.
How to Handle Suspended KAI-UWE HOEHN, Dow Chemical Limited, Frenchs Forest, Australia, ANDRE Periods of high rainfall and
Solids within Ion Exchange MEDETE, Dow Deutschland, Rheinmuenster, Germany, DANIEL RICE, Dow flooding drastically increase river
Resin (IER) Packed Bed Chemical Company, Midland, MI water suspended matter
Systems concentrations which conventional
pretreatment systems can not
adequately reduce. Ion exchange
resin beds act as mechanical filters
and require removal of suspended
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IWC-00-43 Report
IWC-00-44 Paper
Page 73 of 5199 01/27/2018

solids overload. An effective resin
cleansing method developed in a
packed bed demineralization plant
in Germany is described.
Chemistry Challenges to S. S. MITRA, Dabhol Power Plant, Maharashtra, India, P. K. SINHA, Bechtel Dabhol Power Project is the
Meet NOx Injection Water Corporation, Frederick, MD largest IPP in India by an
and HRSG Cycle Makeup American consortium. There is a
Requirements for Dabhol requirement of high purity water for
Combined Cycle Power injection into combustion chamber
Plant to reduce Nox emission while firing
liquid fuel. The demineralized
water produced is also used for
supplying makeup water to the
HRSG fuel system. This paper
discusses the chemistry
challenges required treating water
with TOC, colloidal silica, and
turbidity. It also discusses the
chemistry controls for the steam
cycle and challenges with the use
of concentrated seawater for plant
cooling.
Biological Pretreatment P. TEMPLE BALLARD, Degremont North American Research & Development This paper describes a
Allows Re-Use of Center, Kichmona, VA, ALBERT A. PRISTERA, RAVI MENON, MAREK K. cogeneration facility on the
Condensate from Steam MIERZEJEWSKI, Infilco Degremont Inc., Richmond VA southeastern coast of Texas where
Host return condensate from the steam
host, an alumina production plant,
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Cogeneration, biological aerated filtration, alumina

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IWC-00-45 Paper
IWC-00-46 Report
Page 76 of 5199 01/27/2018

is treated by biological aerated
filtration prior to more conventional
physical-chemical treatment, to
produce a high-grade boiler
feedwater, that is in turn used to
generate steam and power.
Experiences with J. STUART BROWN, Liquid Six Inc., York. ME, RANDY GERMAN, TransCanada Transcanada Pipelines Ltd.
Combined Cycle Plants at Power, North Bay, Ontario, Canada operates four combined cycle
TransCanada Pipelines, plants with one under construction.
Ltd These plants are located at
compressor stations on the
pipeline. Unique features are air
cooled condensers, once through
HRSG’s, and low solids waste
discharge. This paper describes
the major effects on water
chemistry.
Experiences with KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
Combined Cycle Plants at
Transcanada Pipelines,
Ltd
EDI Operation for JOHN H. BARBER, GLENN TOWE, DAVID F.TESSIER, E-Cell Corporation, Results are presented on the
Removal of Weakly- Guelph, Ontario, Canada removal of silica and boron using a
Ionized Impurities new EDI unit as a function of
applied current, product flow rate
and background ionic impurities.
The findings are interpreted in
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Combined cycle, HRSG, condensate polisher, air cooled

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condenser
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IWC-00-47 Report
IWC-00-48 Paper
Page 79 of 5199 01/27/2018

terms of the pH inside the ion
exchange medium. Implications for
the design of water purification
systems using RO/EDI are
discussed in terms of the
feed/product water specifications
and EDI operating parameters
Using EDI to Meet the TED PRATO, CHRISTOPHER JAY GALLAGHER, Ionics, Watertown, MA Over the last 10 years EDI has
Needs of Pure Water become widely accepted for
Production production of boiler make-up
water. This report will look at EDI
systems that have been in
operation in power plants for a
number of years. Operating data
and performance history will be
discussed.
Audit Program Risk MARK CHERESNOWSKY, ONDEO Industrial Solutions, Richmond. VA
Management: The Role Of
Privilege and the Need to
Manage for Self-
Disclosure Opportunities
On-Line PPB-Level PHILIPPE SERIZOT, Zellweger Analytics, Inc., Paris, France, VICKIE OLSON, Carbohydrazide is more and more
Detection of Zellweger Analytics, Atlanta, GA widely used in place of hydrazine
Carbohydrazide for Power as an oxygen scavenger. A brand
Production new analyzer on a very original
principle has been installed in
different power plants worldwide
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Chemistry, carbohydrazide, instruments, monitor,

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feedwater
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IWC-00-49 Report
Page 82 of 5199 01/27/2018

and tested for British Energy and
BNFL MAGNOX in the UK. Low
level detectors in the ppb range,
accuracy, chemical potential
interferences, temperature
compensation are discussed and
results presented.
On-Line PPB-Level DEBORAH BLOOM, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, IL
Detection of
Carbohydrazide for Power
Production
Industrial ISFET pH SHANE FILER, FARID AHMAD, Honeywell, Fort Washington, PA In the 1970’s, Ion-Sensitive Field
Sensors: Technical Effect Transistors (ISFETs) were
Overview and Application first introduced as an alternative
Successes method of measuring pH.
However, the usefulness of this
technology was limited to the
laboratory market. During the early
1990’s, technological advances
allowed the ISFET pH probes to
operate successfully in industrial
applications. More recent
advances in the industrial ISFET
packaging have enabled significant
increases in the usefulness of such
an electrode in a broader range of
industrial applications.
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IWC-00-50 Paper
IWC-00-52 Report
Page 85 of 5199 01/27/2018

A Quantitative Analysis of DANIEL M. CICERO, CAROL B. BATTON, Nalco Chemical Co., Naperville, IL, Previous studies have discussed
Humidification Steam DAVID A. BIESZK, P.E., Armstrong International, Three Rivers, MI the concentration of amines in
Contaminants humidified room air, but have not
quantified the concentration of
steam-borne contaminants exiting
the humidification systems
themselves. This paper will
discuss the experimental design,
data collection, conclusions and
recommendations for operators of
direct-steam humidification
systems. Collection of samples of
the steam exiting a direct steam
humidifier and measurement of the
concentrations of contaminants
exiting the humidifier are reviewed.
A Quantitative Analysis of K. ANTHONY SELBY, Water Technology Consultants, LLC, Evergreen, CO
Humidification Steam
Contaminants
An Innovative Approach to JOSEPH D. GIFFORD, DEVEN ATNOOR, USFilter, Lowell, MA This report takes a brief look at the
Continuous evolution of continuous
Electrodeionization electrodeionization comparing thin
Module and System and thick cell technologies. A new,
Design for Power innovative approach is presented
Applications which demonstrates removal
efficiency comparable to
chemically regenerated mixed bed
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Electrodeionization, CEDI, ultrapure water, thick cell,
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layered bed, boron, silica
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IWC-00-53 Report
IWC-00-54 Report
IWC-00-55 Report
Page 88 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemically regenerated mixed bed
ion exchange.
Operation and Operating JOHN A. ZAVRL, TIMOTHY J. ZAK, First Energy Corporation, Eastlake, OH, Eastlake power station draws
Cost of an Integrated BERNIE MACK, Ionics, Inc.,Watertown, MA process water from Lake Erie. An
Membrane System at First integrated membrane system was
Energy - Eastlake, Ohio installed in 1999 to address
colloidal silica excursions in the
boiler feed system. This paper will
present operating data from the
UF/RO system and its impact on
the power station water cycle and
operating costs.
Filtration Options for DAVID A. CLINE, Jr., Sheppard T. Powell Associates, LLC, Baltimore, MD A number of innovative pressure
Pretreatment of filtration options designed to
Demineralization minimize fouling potential for
membrane demineralization
processes (particularly reverse
osmosis) have been developed
over the last several years. This
presentation is intended to provide
an overview of the available
filtration options, guidance to those
with demineralization fouling
problems, and assistance to those
contemplating additional filtration
systems
Effective Upgrade of an ROBERT A. ESCOBEDO, Ecolochem, Inc., Norfolk, VA, (SCOTT B. GORRY, This paper documents a
Page 89 of 5199 01/27/2018

Integrated membrane system, hollow fiber ultrafiltration,

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colloidal silica
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Composite membranes, reverse osmosis, low energy, low
Page 90 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-00-56 Report
Page 91 of 5199 01/27/2018

Existing Reverse Osmosis Ecolochem, Inc., East Hartford, CT) successful reverse osmosis
System with Low Energy, system upgrade from traditional
High Surface Area composite membranes to low
Polyamide Membranes energy, high surface area
composite membranes recently
introduced into the market place.
The paper gives specific attention
to cite engineering issues and the
immediate and long term benefits.
The upgrade resulted in a 25%
increase in system capacity with a
negligible change in power
consumption. In addition, the
paper compares performance
characteristics of the two
membrane types.
Treatment of Groundwater JEFF McBRIDE, Infilco Degremont Inc., Richmond, VA This “pump & treat” facility is
Contaminated by Acid designed to treat groundwater
Mine Drainage Using a flows ranging from 2,000 gpm to
Two-Stage Lime Process 6,500 gpm. The groundwater is
highly acidic and contains high
concentrations of soluble metals,
sulfate, and carbon dioxide.
Treatment involves high rate,
solids- contact clarifiers in a two-
stage process to precipitate metals
out of solution.
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pressure, paper mill
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Page 93 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-00-57 Report
IWC-00-58 Report
IWC-00-59 Report
IWC-00-60 Report
Page 94 of 5199 01/27/2018

Purification and Reuse of C. RAVI, Aquatech International, Pittsburgh, PA
Wastewater Treatment
Plant Effluent for Industrial
Usage
Electrochemical Treatment PETERSON B. MORAES, CARLOS R. CORSA, ,EDERIO D. BIDOIA, State The treatment of oil refinery
of Oil Refinery Wastewater University of Sao Paulo wastewater by electrochemical
Using TiRu02 Electrodes method using TiRu02 electrodes
was investigated. After the
treatment, it was observed
concentration reductions of 62%,
95% and 100%, respectively for
nitrite to nitrate, ammonia to
nitrogen and phenol to less toxic
sub-products.
Oxidation of Organic ALBERTO ALVAREZ-GALLEGOS, Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, It is demonstrated that the
Wastewater with Morelos Mexico, DEREK PLETCHER, University of Southampton, Highfield, electrogeneration of Fenton’s
Electrogenerated Fenton's Southampton, UK reagent is an efficient approach to
Reagent treat low level organics in oxygen
saturated wastewater effluents. A
wide range of highly toxic organic
molecules was successfully
oxidized in mild conditions and a
significant fraction of the organic
carbon was evolved as CO2
Biocide Optimization Using GEORGE J. LICINA, Structural Integrity Associates, Inc., San Jose, CA, LARS P. Chemical control with biocides is
an On-Line Biofilm VENHUIS, KEMA Nederland BV, Arnhem, The Netherlands the most common approach to
Detector mitigation of MIC and biofouling,
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but the use of biocides is
associated with increased cost,
environmental impact, and
increased corrosion. Results using
an on-line probe, an
electrochemical biofilm monitor, to
optimize biocide additions in a
plant environment are described. It
can detect the onset of biofilm
formation on metal surfaces and
track biofilm activity on-line in a
power plant or industrial
environment.
Keynote Speech DONALD P. FUSILLI, Jr.,, Chairman and CEO, Michael Baker Corporation, The Michael Baker Corp. offers up
Coraopolis, PA at least one professional services
company’s perspective on some of
the key issues facing the water
industry today and in the years
ahead. Outsourcing and
privatization of water systems
offers one of the best means to
perform the upgrades needed to
keep this vital infrastructure from
collapsing piece by piece.
Panel Discussion Panel Moderator: ROBERT HOLLOWAY, Holloway Associates, Etobicoke,
Transcript: TOC in Power Ontario, Canada
Plants; Sources, Effects,
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IWC-01-01 Paper
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Removal Methods
Panel Discussion: Panel Moderator - Mark Wilson, BetzDearborn, Horsham, PA

Understanding &
Controlling Legionella in
Industrial Water Systems
The Sulfate Problem: SALLIE FISHER, MICHELLE DONNELLY-KELLEHER, Puricons, Inc., Malvern, For years the power industry has
What Happens When the PA being concerned with the sulfate
Resins Just Sit? problem in condensate polishing
systems. During that time many
methods for measuring sulfate
throw and specifications based on
them have been suggested to
assure the user that he will not
have problems with the hydrogen
form cation resin he buys. Is this
assurance real?. Will low numbers
generated at the time the resin is
manufactured assure that the resin
can be used weeks, months, or
years later without problems? This
paper looks at retest results three
months to three years later and
what can happen in storage, and
what should before usage. .
The Sulfate Problem: MICHAEL A. SADLER, Michael A. Sadler Consultant, Portishead, Bristol, UK
What Happens When the
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IWC-01-02 Paper
IWC-01-03 Report
Page 103 of 5199 01/27/2018

Resins Just Sit?
New Ion Exchange Resin STEPHEN W. NAJMY, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, This paper describes experiences
Designs and Regeneration at several power stations with
Procedures Yield condensate polishing systems that
Improved Performance for continue to benefit from the use of
Various Condensate a new resin product design or a
Polishing Applications modified resin handling procedure.
The success stories come from
two BWR nuclear power stations
seeking to achieve improved
feedwater iron and reactor water
sulfate control, and one PWR
nuclear power station looking to
extend service cycle run length
and better manage steam
generator chloride excursions due
to salt water condenser inleakage.
New Ion Exchange Resin ELI SALEM, E. Salem & Associates, Inc., Deal, NJ
Designs and Regeneration
Procedures Yield
Improved Performance for
Various Condensate
Polishing Applications
A Quantum Leap in CPP TOMOAKI ITO, YUSUKE NAGETA. Orgallo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, This paper describes new
Ion Exchange Resin SHINTARO TSUZUKI, Rohm and Haas, Tokyo, Japan generation condensate polishing
Technology plant (CPP) resins. The products
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CPP, gel type cation exchange resins, porous type anion

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exchange resin, cross–linkage, uniform size particle
distribution, chemical stability, fouling resistant, pore size
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IWC-01-04 Paper
Page 106 of 5199 01/27/2018

are an unique combination all
super high exchange capacity
cation and high fouling resistant
anion exchange resins. The
products looked at fundamental
properties of ion exchange resin
systems that include properties
such as oxidative stability, iron
transport kinetics, leachables, and
surface fouling resistance. This
paper also describes the
experience of PWR nuclear power
plants, including the initial steam
generator chemistry response and
also chemistry after one year of
operation.
A Review and Comparison RICHARD W. LUTEY, Ph.D., RW Lutey & Associates, Inc., Memphis, TN, MIC occurs in cooling water and
of MIC Indices (Models) ARTHUR STEIN, Stone & Webster Engineering Inc., Boston, MA related process water systems
when a unique combination of
biological, ecological, and
metallurgical factors is present in a
specific micro–environment. This
paper reviews and compares
existing MIC indices or models.
They were developed to predict
the potential for MIC at a specific
site in the system, or to be used for
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distribution, chloride spike
Microbiologically influenced corrosion, MIC, prediction

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indices, corrosion, cooling water, microorganisms, bacteria,
biofouling
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IWC-01-04D Report
IWC-01-05 Paper
Page 109 of 5199 01/27/2018

assessing existing situations
where MIC has been identified and
where a treatment program is used
to prevent or mitigate MIC. Three
different indices are compared
based on data collected for nine
years from some service water
cooling systems at five nuclear
power generating plants.
A Review and Comparison ALAN SMITH, ONDEO Nalco Chemical Company, Pittsburgh, PA
of MIC Indices (Models)
A New, Bromine- J. N. HOWARTH, C. J. NALEPA, Albemarle Corporation, Baton Rouge, LA A solid, bromine-releasing biocide
Releasing Solid for which is chlorine-free has been
Microbiological Control of developed for treatment of cooling
Cooling Water water. Compared to other
bromination technologies which
contain, or utilize a source of
chlorine, this new product displays
superior biocidal efficacy.
Simplistically this can be explained
on the basis that it contains almost
twice the amount all bromine per
unit weight than its closest solid
counterpart, and is immediately
released from the carrier molecule.
It is not deactivated by nitrogenous
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Solid bromine biocide,1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin,
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microbiological control, cooling water
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IWC-01-06 Report
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It is not deactivated by nitrogenous
compounds in cooling water.
Laboratory and field studies are
presented which detail how these
features translate into actual
practice.
A New, Bromine- TIMOTHY E. KEISTER, CWT, ProChemTech International, Inc., Brockway, PA
Releasing Solid for
Microbiological Control of
Cooling Water
DNA Hybridization Using T.J. TVEDT, Jr., Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Angleton, TX, GEORGE ASPERY, Genus-specific probes are DNA
Genus-Specific Probes - A Microbiological Laboratories, Inc., Streetsboro, OH sequences, sometimes RNA
Powerful Tool for Solving sequences, which will form a
Cooling Water Problems stable bond with a complementary
target DNA sequence of a targeted
organism. Genus-specific probes
are very carefully selected so that
they are unique to a single genus
and that the region of the
complementary genome is quite
stable. Since these probes are
labeled, they can be readily
detected and quantized. This
paper reviews the theory
underlying this technique, then
shows an example of how it was
successfully applied to the
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IWC-01-07 Report
IWC-01-08 Report
Page 115 of 5199 01/27/2018

identification of the type and
approximate quantity of the
bacterial species involved in a
cooling water system problem.
A New Approach to Low- DAVID M. GRAY, Thornton Inc., Waltham, MA Dissolved oxygen instrumentation
Level Dissolved Oxygen has been developed that increases
Measurement the reliability and greatly reduces
the maintenance requirements and
costs of this specialized
measurement. Combining the
strengths of traditional diffusion
membrane sensors with those of
equilibrium-type sensors provides
a new capability for successful
monitoring. The theory all
operation of these types of sensors
as well as their benefits and
limitations are described. In
addition, are multi-parameter
instrument concept opens up
opportunities for pairing dissolved
oxygen with other important
measurements such as specific
and cation conductivity, pH, ORP
and resistivity.
An Improved Method for THOMAS H. PIKE, Western Farmers Electric Cooperative, Fort Towson, OK, Utilities and industrial plants are
Monitoring Low EMERY LANGE, Ashland Specialty Chemical Company, Boonton, NJ continuing to investigate hydrazine
Page 116 of 5199 01/27/2018

Dissolved oxygen, cycle chemistry treatment, ultrapure

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water, online analysis
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Hydrazine replacement, methyl ethyl ketoxime, MEKO,

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oxygen scavenger, ORP Technology
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IWC-01-09 Report
Page 118 of 5199 01/27/2018

Concentrations of Volatile replacement alternatives. Methyl
Oxygen Scavengers ethyl ketoxime, MEKO, is an
excellent oxygen scavenger that
eliminates the hazards associated
with hydrazine. In some plants,
however, system designs reduce
the required MEKO feed rates so
that conventional monitoring by
online analyzers is unreliable. This
paper investigates the use of ORP
technology in monitoring MEKO
usage based on boiler internal
passivation.
Use of Ion BEVERLY NEWTON, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA The use of ion chromatography for
Chromatography for monitoring corrosive ions in water
Measuring Ions in Water to has been implemented at several
Protect the New new combined cycle, gas fired
Generation Gas Fired, power plants in the U.S. Due to
Combined Cycle Power stringent requirements for clean
Plants water to prevent corrosion and
plugging of turbine components,
this methodology is predicted to
have a significant impact in
extending useful operating
lifetimes and to measurably
increase the availability of
components in contact with water.
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Ion Chromatography, corrosion

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Ion chromatography, due to its
ability to identify individual anion
and cation species, to achieve
parts-per- trillion detection limits,
and to operate on-line, has played
a central role in the effectiveness
of these water chemistry
monitoring programs. Ion
chromatography has provided the
capability to distinguish between
corrosive and non-corrosive ionic
intrusions, identify and eliminate
sources of corrosive ingress,
optimize and extend the lifetime of
demineraliser resins, measure
hide-out return, determine mass
balances, and maintain neutral
anion- to-cation balances. Cost
savings due to chemistry
monitoring programs using ion
chromatography have been
estimated to be in the millions of
dollars per year._x000D_
This paper provides an overview of
the applications and justification,
using case studies, for using ion
chromatography for the analysis of
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IWC-01-10 Report
IWC-01-11 Report
IWC-01-12 Report
Page 124 of 5199 01/27/2018

water in these new generation
power plants.
A Variant Form of MIC RUSS GREEN, Amergen Energy, Middletown, PA
Tubercle
Severe Organic CLAUDIO L.V. DA COSTA, Deten, Brazil, PAULO S.S. SANTIAGO, ARMANDO Organic contamination from heat
Contamination in a GENTILE, Nalco, Brazil exchangers resulted in a strong
Cooling Water System: A biofouling build-up and intense
Successful Case of deposit over cooling waterside
Troubleshooting and surfaces. Several actions were
Technological Approach taken including the use of new
dispersant and biocide chemicals,
as well as monitoring tools and
filter equipment leading to
significant and cost-effective
trouble shooting and a remarkable
gain in water treatment knowledge.
Legionella Treatment LINDA RUSZNAK, KEVIN PIDANE, Ashland Specialty Chemical, Boonton, NJ
Strategies: First Response
and Minimization Action
Plan
Legionella Treatment ANDREW J. COOPER, ONDEO Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Strategies: First Response
and Minimization Action
Plan
Managing Microbiological RICK COLCLASURE, AquaComp, Inc., St. Charles, MO This report provides information on
Fouling Potentials with a the successful application of a
Non-Oxidizing Biocide non-oxidizing biocide tablet ,which
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Cooling water, organic contamination, fouling, leakages,

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monitoring tools, troubleshooting
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IWC-01-13 Report
IWC-01-14 Paper
Page 127 of 5199 01/27/2018

Non-Oxidizing Biocide non-oxidizing biocide tablet ,which
Tablet in Cooling Tower hydrolyses and releases
Systems formaldehyde, for fouling
management in some cooling
tower systems. This product has
performed well in controlling slime
producing bacteria, algae, and
fungi in the recirculating water at a
reasonable cost. This report
reviews the successful
performance of the biocide, theory,
administration, and monitoring
technique in this microbiocide
program.
Utilization of Ultraviolet DOUGLAS J. GUMP, Severn Trent Services, Inc.-UltraDynamics, Colmar, PA Ultraviolet disinfection systems are
Disinfection Systems in being utilized in a number of
Industrial Processes industrial processes. The
technology is being used as an
alternative to disinfection
compounds such as chlorine,
ozone, permanganate or other
biocide compounds. In this paper
we will discuss how ultraviolet
works as well as how it is utilized
in various industrial operations.
Operating Efficiency of a MIKE AYRES, MIKE NELSON, Appleton Papers Inc., West Carrollton, OH, A Midwest paper mill installed a
New 7.3 Million Gallon TERRANCE HELLER, The Purolite Company, Rochester Hills, MI new fresh water treatment plant,
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IWC-01-15 Paper
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Freshwater Treatment FWTP, that would economically
Plant Using a Novel Salt remove hardness and iron from
Saving Ion Exchange process water. Continuous service
Resin vessels were installed charged
with a shallow shell softening
resin. Operating data for nine
months are reviewed along with
results generated during
optimization of the system.
Operating Efficiency of a HAROLD ARONOVITCH, Hungerford & Terry, Inc., Clayton, NJ
New 7.3 Million Gallon
Freshwater Treatment
Plant Using a Novel Salt
Saving Ion Exchange
Resin
An Economical Process to BOB BRADLEY, Hydrometrics, Incorporated, Houston, TX, MARK REINSEL, Coal bed methane, CBM, is one of
Treat Produced Water Hydrometrics, Incorporated, Helena, MT the most important and fastest
from Coal Bed Methane growing energy sources in the
Deposits in the Powder United States. It requires a large
River Basin amount of produced water, which
discourages the source
development. A new technology
uses weak acid cation, WAC, ion
exchange to remove total
dissolved solids from the saline
water, and reverse osmosis, RO,
to recover most of the regeneration
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Coal bed methane, produced water, weak acid cation resin,

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ion exchange
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IWC-01-16 Report
Page 133 of 5199 01/27/2018

waste. A 96% typical recovery
rate for discharged water leaves
only four percent which requires
treatment, such as deep well
disposal.
An Economical Process to KHALED MOFTAH, Aquatech International Corp., Canonsburg,PA
Treat Produced Water
from Coal Bed Methane
Deposits in the Powder
River Basin
Shallow Shell Resin WILLIAM FRIES, The Purolite Company, Bala Cynwyd, PA Ion exchange resins can be
Performance in the manufactured with the functionality
Deionization of Water in the outer, more accessible shell
of the beads leaving the core inert
and impenetrable by water. The
shell depth can be optimized to
give a balance of fast kinetics and
high capacity. In hydrogen cycle
operation – deionization – this
translates to higher quality water
and greater capacity for high
quality water.
Where's the Organic Stuff DEBORAH BLOOM, ONDEO Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville,IL The organics present in a boiler
in your Boiler System system can come from a multitude
Coming From? of sources. This paper reviews the
literature and field data on
common sources of organic matter
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Shallow shell, ion exchange resins, deionization, inert core

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resins and
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TOC, total organic carbon, organic source, boiler makeup,

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contaminated condensate, automatic dump system, water
treatment, organic decomposition, high pressure boiler,
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HRSG, cogeneration
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found in a boiler systems in a
various industries and methods of
mitigating the effects in makeup
water and contaminated
condensate.
Cation Conductivity and L. CARVALHO,, P. SEHL, BetzDearborn, A Division of Hercules Canada, Cation or acid conductivity is the
Power Plant Reliability - A Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, R. CROVETTO - BetzDearborn, A Division of most prominent control parameter
20-Plant Survey Hercules Inc., Trevose, PA, G. SAUVE, BetzDearborn, A Division of Hercules for steam purity specified by
Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada turbine manufacturers and used by
power utilities. Tighter cation
conductivity limits for turbine steam
and deleterious organic matter in
cycle chemistry is a concern for
non-utility generators, NUGs.
They operate with minimal staff
and incur higher operating and
maintenance costs associated with
new equipment and added
complexity in more advanced
monitoring instrumentation and
data interpretation. The results of
a twenty plant survey of high
pressure boiler operation and
steam turbine reliability are
discussed.
Steam Purity for JAMES C. BELLOWS, Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation, Orlando, FL Steam cooling of hot parts of
Combustion Turbine combustion turbines is more often
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Combustion turbine, steam cooling, heat recovery, high

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blowdown, steam purity
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IWC-01-21 Paper
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Cooling: Requirements efficient than air cooling. The
and Methods of steam is readily available and the
Achievement heat can be returned to the cycle.
The steam purity requirements are
based on theory and experiments.
The required steam purity can be
easily achieved in a heat steam
generator with high blowdown to
other parts of the cycle. Cleanup
data from a startup during the
commissioning of a unit are
presented.
Cation Conductivity in WILLIAM MOORE, Calpine Central LP, Houston, TX
HRSG Steam
Effect of PAC Dosing on AVIJIT DEY, GARETH THOMAS, Chemitreat Private Limited, Singapore, KIRAN The objective of the present study
the Performance of ARUN KEKRE, TAO GUIHE, Environmental Technology Institute, Singapore was to determine the optimum
Multimedia Filters in the PAC dosage, a basic polymeric
RO Pretreatment aluminum chloride, for efficient
operation of multimedia filters in
RO pretreatment systems. The
effect of PAC dosage on the filtrate
turbidity, SDI, zeta potential,
residual aluminum, and TOC
removal efficiency was study to
determine dosage. The present
experimental studies were
conducted using 10% PAC
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Multimedia filter, RO, pretreatment, PAC

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IWC-01-22 Report
IWC-01-23 Report
Page 142 of 5199 01/27/2018

solution with 50% basicity. This
paper also discussed concerns
related to the Alzheimer's disease
in relation to the long term
exposure to residual aluminum in
drinking water.
Effect of PAC Dosing on Dr. PETER A. YARNELL, Graver Technologies, Inc., Glasgow, DE
the Performance of
Multimedia Filters in the
RO Pretreatment
New EDI Application: Feed TED PRATO, CHRIS GALLAGHER, Ionics Incorporated, Watertown, MA This paper describes utilization of
from Brine Concentrator the electrodeionization, EDI,
Distillate process on several feedwater
sources at zero liquid discharge
power plants. The quality distillate
from the cooling tower blowdown
brine concentrator is treated by
EDI, and the purified product is
used for boiler feed. The EDI
system is part of an integrated
membrane water treatment system
at high efficiency power plants,
turbine combined cycle.
A Statistical Review of 150 EDWARD G. DARTON, MAQSOOD FAZEL, ONDEO Nalco Chemical Company, This paper looks at the results of
Membrane Autopsies Northwich, UK autopsies on 150 eight-inch
polyamide membrane elements
received within the last two years.
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IWC-01-24 Paper
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The membranes are cut open and
the surfaces examined. The
autopsy process and cleaning
tests are described in detail
including chemical, physical and
microbiological analyses to identify
fouling and it's effect on membrane
performance. Results have been
helpful in developing improved
antiscalants and antifoulants,
effective cleaners, cleaning
procedures and design
improvements.
Pretreatment Methods for SIMON GARE, Ecolochem International, Inc., Peterborough, UK This paper explores methods of
Reverse Osmosis pre-treatment for reverse osmosis
Systems systems and their application to
various sources such as surface
waters, well waters and effluent
streams are discussed. One
advantage of RO systems is that is
that they reduce fluctuations in the
feed water quality producing
continuous and dependable
product water with correctly
designed pre-treatment. Using
examples pre-treatment system
designs will be discussed and their
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IWC-01-25 Paper
IWC-01-26 Paper
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limiting factors with reference to
membrane manufacturer’s
feedwater requirements.
Pretreatment Methods for KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD173
Reverse Osmosis
Systems
Stability of Organic Boiler MARTIN R. GODFREY, ONDEO Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, IL Chelants and polymers are
Internal Treatments in the effective antiscalants for boilers.
Presence of Dissolved However, any organic molecule
Oxygen can potentially be destroyed by
dissolved oxygen at boiler
temperatures. Case histories will
demonstrate the scope of the
problem. Laboratory and field data
will show that the decomposition
rates of different internal
treatments vary dramatically.
Stability of Organic Boiler K. ANTHONY SELBY, Water Technology Consultants, Inc., Evergreen, CO
Internal Treatments in the
Presence of Dissolved
Oxygen
EPRI ChemExpert: Cycle OTAKAR JONAS, LEE MACHEMER, BARRY DOOLEY, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, To help power plant operators and
Chemistry Advisor for DE chemists to control cycle chemistry
Fossil Power Plants and corrosion, EPRI developed
ChemExpert software based on
EPRI guidelines and experience.
It uses inputs from plant analytical
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Boiler, steam generator, dissolved oxygen, internal
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treatment, chelants, polymers
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IWC-01-27 Paper
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It uses inputs from plant analytical
and other instrumentation and grab
sample analysis results to
determine current problems and
recommend corrective actions. It
verifies data, produces reports,
cycle and water treatment
descriptions. The training module
is set up for the specific power
plant. ChemExpert covers drum
and once-through boiler units with
and without condensate polishers,
using acid and alkali-forming
cooling water, all-ferrous and
mixed metallurgy, equilibrium
phosphate, sodium hydroxide,
AVT, and oxygenated treatments.
EPRI ChemExpert: Cycle JAMES C. BELLOWS, Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation, Orlando, FL
Chemistry Advisor for
Fossil Power Plants
On-Line Improvement of THOMAS H. PIKE, Western Farmers Electric Cooperative, Fort Towson, OK, Metal oxide deposits can or reduce
High Pressure Steam EMERY LANGE, Ashland Specialty Chemical Company, Boonton, NJ heat in steam generators and alter
System Efficiency the surface characteristic of the
turbine blades. Methyl ethyl
ketoxime, MEKO, has been shown
to reduce the quantity of metal
oxides on the water side of steam
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Heat transfer efficiency, methyl ethyl ketoxime, MEKO,
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modified feed, high-pressure steam turbine
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IWC-01-28 Report
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oxides on the water side of steam
generators. This paper
investigates the use of a modified
feed method for feeding MEKO
that improves the efficiency of the
various stages of a high-pressure
steam turbine.
On-Line Improvement of S. RONNIE PATE, Southern Company, Atlanta, GA
High Pressure Steam
System Efficiency
Microfiltration System KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Power Corp., Frederick, MD

Treats Secondary Sewage
at Eraring Power Station
Controlling Corrosion of CHUN-SONG YE, CHENG-XIN ZHANG, XUN-JIE GONG, Wuhan University, This paper studies the corrosion
Copper within a Turbine College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan, Hubei, China, JIN-CHU rules of pure copper from turbine
Generator by Conditioning FAN, Tongji University, Shanghai, China generator winding conductor in
Inner Cooling Water pure water prepared by mixed bed.
Quality The experimental results show that
the water quality parameters which
influence corrosion of copper most
are DO and pH value. Because
DO is difficult to control, this paper
mainly studies how to control
corrosion of copper by the method
of adding a small amount of alkali
to increase the pH and maintaining
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Turbine generator, internal cooling water, water quality,
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corrosion, surface analysis, cuprous oxide
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IWC-01-30AC Panel Report & Discussion Transcript
IWC-01-32 Paper
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a protective film of cuprous oxide.
Protozoa - Accomplices in SHARON G. BERK, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN

Legionnaires' Disease?
Treating Water Systems JANET E. STOUT, Ph.D., Infectious Disease Section,VA Medical Center
for Legionella: History & Pittsburgh, PA
Laboratory Investigations
Anthrax Presentation JANET E. STOUT, PH.D., Infectious Disease Section,VA Medical Center
Pittsburgh, PA
Controlling Legionella in MARK HODGSON, Clayton Group, Edison, NJ

Cooling Systems
Reverse Osmosis: STEPHEN Y. MARR, Parsons Infrastructure & Technology Inc., Reading, PA, The 1966 vintage boiler feedwater
Forward Thinking FRANK B. ARIETA, Procter & Gamble Co., Mehoopany, PA treatment system was upgraded to
reverse osmosis, reducing
blowdown from 25% to 2% at a
savings of $2500 per day. Closing
the integrated pulp mill freed up
plant resources, but it also meant
the loss of 'free' fuel, which
formally made up 75% of the boiler
house of fuel supply needs. Fully
converting to purchased fuel raised
the profile of energy savings
projects.
Reverse Osmosis: RANDY C. TURNER, Southern Company, Atlanta, GA
Forward Thinking
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IWC-01-33 Paper
IWC-01-34 Report
Page 160 of 5199 01/27/2018

Ultrafilter Membranes - GLENN VICEVIC, ZENON Environmental Inc., Oakville, Ontario, Canada, Three case studies presented
Application and STEVE KROLL, ZENON Environmental,Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada describe the performance of
Innovations immersed hollow fiber membrane
Ultrafiltration, UF, technology, for
the pre-treatment of turbid raw
water. This produced an RO feed
that was optimal for the spiral
membrane modules.
Ultrafilter Membranes - PETER ERIKSSON, Osmonics, Vista, CA
Application and
Innovations
A New Membrane AMIT SENGUPTA, FRED WIESLER, BETH KITTERINGHAM, Celgard Inc., When inorganic carbon, IC, is
Degasifier Design to Charlotte, NC present as dissolved carbon
Address an Old Water dioxide gas, membrane
Treatment Problem of degassifiers modules, MD, can
CO2 Removal replace anion exchange, or, in
conjunction with anion exchange,
extend the resin bed life. The
process of membrane
degassification is discussed with
different stripping modes which
can remove other dissolved gases
simultaneously with carbon
dioxide.
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IWC-01-35 Paper
IWC-01-36 Report
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New Reverse Osmosis BOB KIMBALL, Hydrometrics, Incorporated, Helena MT An innovative non-fouling reverse
System Design osmosis process was installed at a
Accomplishes Zero-Liquid metals smelter to treat process
Discharge on Smelter waste water for thallium, lead and
Wastewater antimony removal. Installation of
this treatment system in
conjunction with a new spray dryer
has enabled the site to meet its
new national pollution discharge
elimination system, NPDES, permit
limits, and become a zero-liquid
discharging facility. High efficiency
reverse osmosis was selected, and
performance data was compared
with computer projections for a
wide range of ionic chemical
species rejection.
New Reverse Osmosis RON KOCHIK, ONDEO Nalco Chemical Co., Naperville, IL
System Design
Accomplishes Zero-Liquid
Discharge on Smelter
Wastewater
A Successful Outsourcing PAULO S.S. SANTIAGO, JOILTON SILVA, Nalco, Brazil, JOAO B. LINS NETO, This report describes the
Case in Steam Generation AMILCAR A. SALES, Copene, Brazil implementation of an innovative
System in a Large outsourcing policy in a large
Ethylene Plant ethylene plant, using appropriate
planning and management in order
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Zero discharge, wastewater treatment, reverse osmosis,
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HERO, thallium removal, antimony removal, lead removal
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Boiler water, outsourcing, steam system, oxygen corrosion,

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transfer line exchanger, TLE, TCO reduction
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IWC-01-37 Paper
IWC-01-38 Paper
Page 166 of 5199 01/27/2018

to achieve the desired
improvement goals and minimize
risks. It details the benefits of a
successful case in the chemical
control outsourcing of a critical and
large steam generator system over
six years, generating important
total cost of operation, TCO,
savings.
Audit Program Risk SCOTT R. DISMUKES, DKW Law Group, PC, Pittsburgh, PA The United States Environmental
Management: The Role Of Protection Agency, U.S. EPA, will
Privilege and the Need to likely target water discharge and
Manage for Self- water supply operations for
Disclosure Opportunities enforcement in 2002-2003. A
properly planne and implemented
Environmental Management
System, EMS, is invaluable in
reducing the risk of incurring
liability for non-compliance. This
requires an audit program, audit
privilege and voluntary self-
disclosure to limit liability and
maintain confidentiality.
Understanding Wet and WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Wayne C. Micheletti, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, JOHN Evaporative cooling towers, an
Dry Cooling Systems M. BURNS, PE, Burns Engineering Services, Inc., Topsfield, MA integral part of most industrial
operations, typically represent the
single largest demand for plant
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IWC-01-39 Report
Page 169 of 5199 01/27/2018

make-up water and can be a major
source of discharge wastewater.
As a result, in new industrial
facilities, dry cooling systems
recently have been receiving
increasing attention as an
alternative to cooling towers.
Evaluating new cooling system
options requires a solid
understanding of not only the
readily apparent design and
operating differences, but also the
subtle, yet equally important,
performance and cost implications.
Understanding Wet and WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Wayne C. Micheletti, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, JOHN
Dry Cooling Systems M. BURNS, PE, Burns Engineering Services, Inc., Topsfield, MA
Understanding Wet and DANIEL E. SHANNON, Unipure Corporation, Houston, TX

Dry Cooling Systems
Part III: Cooling Water PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO Silica and magnesium silicate
Deposits - Silica and scale prediction and guidelines for
Magnesium Silicate control in cooling water systems
Prediction Tools: has seen considerable variation
Comparisons And and thus confusion to the user.
Guidelines Specific properties for each scale
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Indices, scale, silica, magnesium silicate, cooling water
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IWC-01-40 Paper
IWC-01-42 Paper
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are important to understand which
enables most effective guidelines.
Several prediction methods are
compared along with practical
experience and case histories.
Using New and Old SCOTT J. WHITLOW, E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Beaumont, TX, THOMAS W. New and old techniques are used
Methods to Diagnose WOLFE, Puckorius and Associates,Evergreen, CO to characterize the cause of
Causes of Cooling System corrosion problems at a U.S. Gulf
Corrosion Coast petrochemical plant.
Differential weight loss and
planned interval evaluations of
corrosion data as well as microbial
analysis by DNA and confocal
images, electrochemical and
chemical techniques where used
to assist in reducing corrosion
rates.
Using New and Old LEROY RUGG, ONDEO Nalco Chemical Company, Pittsburgh, PA
Methods to Diagnose
Causes of Cooling System
Corrosion
Are You Aware of Hidden DR. DAN VANDERPOOL, Laurel Functional Chemicals, Northport, AL The most common tool for
Assumptions in Saturation assessing treatment options for
Calculations? cooling water is the ionic
equilibrium model of scealing
tendency. But, hidden
assumptions lie within the
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Calcium carbonate scale, saturation levels, LSI,

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spreadsheet calculations, pH-alkalinity, ionic equilibrium,
ionic strength corrections
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IWC-01-43 Report
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calculations of the scaling
tendency. Calcium carbonate
saturation is used to illustrate the
assumptions and their effect. In
addition, the impact of pH-alkalinity
relations on predictions of cycled-
up water will be compared.
Are You Aware of Hidden DR. DAN VANDERPOOL, Laurel Functional Chemicals, Northport, AL
Assumptions in Saturation
Calculations?
Are You Aware of Hidden ROB FERGUSON, Kimberton , PA

Assumptions in Saturation
Calculations?
Pre-Operational Chemical SEAN MACDONALD,CEDA Reactor, Ltd., Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada, This report outlines previous
Cleaning of Heat Recovery BRAD BUECKER, CEDA, Inc., Lawrence, KS experiences with heat recovery
Steam Generators steam generator, HRSG, pre-
operational chemical cleaning, and
discusses how cleaning
procedures may be improved in
the future. The complex circuitry
and cycling nature of operation
makes pre-operational cleaning
and subsequent operational
chemical treatment very important
for long life of the combined-cycle
plant.
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IWC-01-44 Report
IWC-01-45 Report
IWC-02-35 Report
Page 178 of 5199 01/27/2018

An Overview of the Water WAYNE E. G. YEARWOOD, C. ANDREA JORDAN, WAYNE O'B. PRESCOD, This report outlines the makeup
Cycle Chemistry Control Barbados Light and Power Company Limited, St. Michael's, Barbados water treatment programs and
Program at the Barbados steam/water cycle chemistry used
Light & Power's Spring during the last 25 years in two
Garden Power Station Barbados Light and Power
Company steam units. The on-line
chemistry monitoring capabilities
and the results of boiler waterwall
tube sample deposit accumulation
assessments are discussed.
Improvements in VINCE STEPHENSON, Ashland Specialty Chemical Company, Kansas City, KS, Reducing corrosion during off-line
Corrosion Protection JOANNE KUCHINSKI, Ashland Specialty Chemical Company, Boonton, NJ stoage of a heat recovery steam
during Off-Line Storage of generator, HRSG, is a critical
Heat Recovery Steam concern..This paper examines the
Generators improvements gained by applying
a vapor corrosion inhibitor, VCI, vs.
nitrogen blanketing for three critical
performance factors. VCI can
effectively inhibit corrosion
throughout the entire system in all
three phases, and reduces
recovery time and the time to
reach full megawatt production.
The Impact of Monitoring E. H. K. ZEIHER, B. HO, B. ANDREWS, ONDEO Nalco Company, Naperville, IL Hidden within the day-to-day
and Control on Reverse operation of an RO system are
Osmosis Plant factors that can contribute to
Performance increased operating costs, often
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reverse osmosis, scale control, monitoring, fouling,

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troubleshooting
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IWC-01-46 Paper
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caused by accelerated membrane
fouling and the lack of timely
corrective action. This paper
explores the impact of this and the
importance of effective monitoring
and control.
Evaluation of New MELISSA KEGLAY, ONDEO Nalco Chemical Company. Naperville, IL, JIM The goal of this study, was to
Condensate Corrosion DAUGHERTY,_x000D_ investigate the relationship
Filming Technologies in Armstrong International, Inc., Three Rivers, MI between chemical corrosion
Steam Trap Devices inhibitors and steam trapping
devices. A novel corrosion
inhibitor was applied to a steam
system and, after a period of time,
the steam traps were removed,
inspected and their internal
components analyzed. This paper
will discuss the effects of
condensate corrosion inhibitors on
the operation of an inverted bucket
steam trap. Attention will be paid
to key areas of potential trap
failure: bucket weight, vent
contamination, and discharge
valve obstruction.
Evaluation of New MELISSA KEGLAY, ONDEO Nalco Chemical Company. Naperville, IL, JIM
Condensate Corrosion DAUGHERTY, Armstrong International, Inc., Three Rivers, MI
Filming Technologies in
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IWC-01-48 Paper
IWC-01-49 Report
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Steam Trap Devices
Evaluation of New LORAINE HUCHLER, MarTech Systems, Inc., Lawrenceville, NJ

Condensate Corrosion
Filming Technologies in
Steam Trap Devices
Comparing the Crud- DAVID F. RYAN, Exelon Nuclear, Limerick Station. Sanatoga, PA Powdered resin premixes
holding Capacity of containing cellulose fiber has been
Powdered Resin Mixes the standard precoat material for
Containing P.A.N. Versus the filter demineralizer in the liquid
Cellulose Fibers processing radwaste processing
system of a nuclear power plant.
In exploring methods to increase
run lengths and reduce radioactive
waste, resin premixes containing
fibers of polyacrylic nitrile, PAN or
P.A.N, instead of cellulose fibers,
where evaluated in terms of crud
holding capacity. The PAN fiber
mixes proved to have superior
capacity compared to cellulose.
Comparing the Crud- RICHARD HETHERINGTON, Epicor Incorporated, Linden NJ
Holding Capacity of
Powdered Resin Mixes
Containing P.A.N. Versus
Cellulose Fibers
Zero Liquid Discharge at GERALD N. TRUDEL, JR., AEP-PRO SERV, South Portland, MA, WILLIAM
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IWC-01-50 Paper
IWC-01-50D Report
IWC-01-51 Report
Page 187 of 5199 01/27/2018

Rathdrum Energy Plant SANDERSON, Eautech, Redmond, WA, TERRY JORDAN, Cogentrix Energy,
Inc., Charlotte, NC
HERO Process Volume CHARLES H. FRITZ, Black & Veatch Corporation, Kansas City, MO, BIPIN R. Silica concentration frequently
Reduction of Cooling RANADE, Aquatech International Corporation, Canonsburg, PA limits the cycles of concentration in
Tower Blowdown as a cooling tower circulating water.
Preconcentrator For ZLD This is particularly true in western
Applications and southwestern areas of the
USA and Mexico where the raw
feedwater has high silica. This
paper describes a high efficiency
reverse osmosis system,
discusses technical and
commercial considerations
involved in the selection of the
process, and presents preliminary
operating data from the first full-
scale application of the process for
zero liquid discharge at a power
plant.
HERO Process Volume RAFIQUE JANJUA, Duke Fluor Daniel, Sugar Land, TX
Reduction of Cooling
Tower Blowdown as a
Preconcentrator For ZLD
Applications
Reducing Ultrapure Water RON CHIARELLO, Ph.D., JUSTIN FOSTER, Etalon Technologies & Center for Advances in semiconductor
Use in Manufacturing Environmentally Benign Semiconductor Mfg., San Francisco, CA manufacturing have led to
increased demands on ultrapure
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silica, wastewater treatment, zero liquid discharge
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Semiconductor, ultrapure water, UPW, optimization

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IWC-01-52 Report
IWC-01-53 Report
Page 190 of 5199 01/27/2018

water, UPW, consumption.
Results presented here show how
optimization of UPW at point-of-
use lead to business, technical and
environmental benefits.
Non-Chemical Water YOUNG I. CHO, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
Treatment To Prevent
Fouling
Cooling Water Bacteria SUSANA SILVA MARTINEZ, ALBERTO A. ALVAREZ GALLEGOS, Instituto de Electrolytically generated silver
Disinfection by Using Investigaciones and copper ions were evaluated as
Electrolytically Generated an alternative disinfectant to
Silver and Copper Ions chlorination for use in cooling
towers, Iron related bacteria,
sulfate reducing bacteria, slime-
forming bacteria and coliform
bacteria were tested in charge
tests employing cooling water
containing different silver and
copper levels. A significant
treatment impact was observed on
the coliform bacteria and the iron
related bacteria. Most of the time
a very effective treatment with 99%
control was observed. However,
the treatment for the sulfate
reducing bacteria and the slime-
forming bacteria resulted in an
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Biocide, silver ion, copper ion, bacteria, cooling water

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treatment, iron related bacteria, IRB, sulfate reducing
bacteria, SRB
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IWC-01-54 Report
IWC-01-55 Paper
Page 193 of 5199 01/27/2018

effective treatment.
Biological Control in DENNIS OPHEIM, Ph.D., Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, JOHN LANE, This paper describes the effects of
Cooling Towers Treated Clearwater Systems, Essex, CT treating three cooling towers with
with Pulsed-Power pulsed-power technology, a
Systems completely non-chemical
technique. Extensive biological
data covering up to 16 months,
including the transition period from
chemical to non-chemical
treatment, is reported. The paper
includes the effects of pulsed-
power technology on biofilm,
turbidity, scaling, and corrosion.
Identifying and Minimizing THOMAS W. WOLFE, Wolfe Water Treatment Services, LLC, Baton Rouge, LA
Cooling Tower Mechanical
and Performance Risks
An Innovative and ROBERT KELSEY, DAVE KOONTZ, WILEY WANG, VRTX Technologies, San This paper provides an overview of
Alternative Method for Antonio, TX a patented technology which
Cooling Water Treatment allows for chemical-free treatment
of cooling tower and condenser
cooling waters. The operating
principles are briefly described.
The cavitation mechanisms of this
technology to control scale,
corrosion and bacterial activity are
discussed. Case histories are
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IWC-02-01 Report
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highlighted to show its
effectiveness in controlling cooling
water problems. With the use of
this mechanical system, blowdown
rates have reduced 60% – 80%
and makeup water usage is
reduced 20% – 30% at numerous
installations.
An Innovative and WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Wayne C. Micheletti, Inc., Charlottesville, VA
Alternative Method for
Cooling Water Treatment
Commisioning Guidelines - Panel Moderator: RICHARD T. JACOBSEN, Bechtel BWXT Idaho, LLC, Idaho
Preoperational Cleaning Falls, ID
and Startup (ASME) Panel
Discussion
EPRI Boiler Water Panel Moderator: MIKE ROOTHAM, Mike Rootham & Associates
Chemistry Update. Panel
Discussion:
Boiler Feedwater Panel Moderator: James Robinson, GE Betz, Trevose, PA

Contamination: Panel
Discussion Transcript
Strategies For Effective CHRISTOPHER J. NALEPA, JONATHAN N. HOWARTH, Albemarle Microorganisms associated with
Control Of Surface- Corporation, Baton Rouge, LA surfaces (biofilms) contribute to a
Associated number of problems facing the
Microorganisms: A water treatment industry - heat
Literature Perspective transfer resistance, film fill fouling,
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None
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biofilm biofouling, pseudomonas aeruginosa, legionella
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pneumophila, biocide, microbiological control, biofilm
development, temperature effect, flow rate effect, substrate
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effect, biodispersant, enzyme
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IWC-02-02 Paper
Page 199 of 5199 01/27/2018

Literature Perspective transfer resistance, film fill fouling,
microbiologically induced
corrosion, etc. - all of which lead to
higher system operating costs and
increased maintenance operations.
In addition, biofilms can create a
suitable environment for
microorganisms responsible for
disease. The purpose of this paper
is give an overview of the control
of surface-associated
microorganisms. We will consider
factors that promote
microbiological growth and
attachment, discuss the inherent
resistance of surface-attached
microorganisms, and review
strategies and future technologies
for control, namely, application of
biocides, biodispersants, and
enzymes.
New And Emerging JANET E. STOUT, PhD, VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA We have evaluated biocides and
Technologies for point of entry (POE) treatment
Legionella Control: A technologies for the control of
Multi-Step Approach to Legionella in man-made water
Evaluating Efficacy systems using a four-step
evaluation process: 1) Batch
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Legionella, disinfection, efficacy

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IWC-02-04 Report
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disinfection experiments, 2) Model
water system studies, 3) Field
installations, and 4) validation from
multi-center studies. Copper-silver
ionization, chlorine dioxide,
monochloramine for potable water
disinfection, and a non-chemical
approach to cooling tower
disinfection have been evaluated
using this process. Copper-silver
ionization has been evaluated by
all 4 steps of the process. Use of
this step-wise approach will
maximize the possibility that a new
technology will prove to be
efficacious and cost-effective.
New And Emerging RICHARD D. MILLER, PhD, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
Technologies for
Legionella Control: A
Multi-Step Approach to
Evaluating Efficacy
Improved Condensate PETER A. YARNELL, Graver Technologies, Inc., Glasgow, DE . Post-manufacturing processing
Resin Performance Using has been used for many years to
Post-Manufacturing upgrade the properties
Processing _x000D_ and_x000D_
Systems performance of ion exchange
resins, especially those directed
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IWC-02-05 Paper
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toward critical applications.
Certainly, condensate polishing for
utilities, particularly nuclear plants,
ranks among the most critical uses
of ion exchange resins. Despite
the high quality of condensate
grade ion exchange resins today,
the premise of this paper is that
even better resin performance is
possible with the judicious
application of post-manufacturing
processing. Thus, the objective of
this work was threefold: 1)
determination of areas where
performance improvement was
feasible and / or needed; 2)
demonstration of performance
enhancement in the laboratory and
ultimately with plant equipment;
and 3) evaluation of the post-
treatment processes in plant
condensate polishing operations.
Operation of Powdered PHILLIP J. D’ANGELO, Jordan Technologies, Glen Mills, PA., J. STUART Deep bed condensate polishers
Resin Units at High BROWN, Liquid Six, Inc., York, ME are nominally limited to a
Temperature temperature of 120 deg. F
because above that the anion
begins to degrade. Any
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high temperature, powdered resin

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IWC-02-06 Paper
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degredation will be cumulative
over time resulting in less and less
overall capacity and shorter run
lengths. When powdered resin
runs are ended,_x000D_
the resin is discarded and replaced
with fresh resins. This allows
powdered resin units installed as
condensate polishers or in other
power plant applications to be
operated at temperatures well in
excess of 120 deg. F. This paper
discusses the mechanism of the
breakdown and presents some
data from operating units.
Operation of Powdered BRUCE A. LARKIN, Black & Veatch Corporation, Kansas City, MO
Resin Units At High
Temperature
15 years of Crud, K. ANTHONY SELBY, Water Technology Consultants, Inc., Evergreen, CO

Corrosion, and Oxygen
Control using
Carbohyrazide in Boiler
Feedwater at a 480 MW
Power Plant
Development Of 14% TAKESHI IZUMI, MASAHIRO HAGIWARA, TAKAO INO, TOSHI TAKAI, Ebara A uniform particle size (UPS)
Crosslinked Strong Acid Corporation, Japan; MARVIN H. TEGEN, The Dow Chemical Company, USA; strong acid cation gel resin with
Cation Gel Resin MASAHIKO ENDO, NAOKI BESSHO, Dow Chemical Japan Limited, Japan 14% crosslinkage has been
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Cation Gel Resin MASAHIKO ENDO, NAOKI BESSHO, Dow Chemical Japan Limited, Japan 14% crosslinkage has been
developed. This paper supports
the use of the 14% cation resin for
use in deep-bed condensate
polishing systems at BWR and
PWR nuclear power stations. This
paper provides theoretical
considerations for using the 14%
crosslinked gel resin compared to
conventional cation resin products,
data results from laboratory
studies to characterize the
oxidative stability and
decomposition products, and
performance data from in-plant
column tests. Based on excellent
performance in the laboratory and
in-plant column tests, the high
crosslinked cation resin was
installed at two BWR nuclear
power plants in Japan in 2001. It
has been confirmed that the
sulfate level in the reactors was
significantly decreased with the
newly developed resin and the
resin has been working well since
the installation. This paper also
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provides performance data from
the field operation currently
underway in Japan.
Development Of 14% SALLY FISHER, Puricon Inc., Malvern, PA
Crosslinked Strong Acid
Cation Gel Resin
Pre-Operational Cleaning SEAN MACDONALD, CEDA Reactor, Ltd. Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada,
Of Cooling Systems BRAD BUECKER, Consultant,Lawrence, KS
Pre-Operational Cleaning KENNETH E. HANSEN, Babcock and Wilcox Company, Barberton, OH, JOHN As a major boiler manufacturer has
From The Boiler M. JEVEC, McDermott Technology, Inc., Alliance, OH provided assistance with
Manufacturer’s Viewpoint numerous chemical cleanings,
both pre-operational and operating
boilers. On a pre-operational
cleaning, the deposits and
locations of deposits are not well
known. Therefore, the type of
cleaning and solvent used can be
critical. The implementation for
accomplishing this in a timely
manner can be crucial to the start-
up and commissioning schedule.
Chemical Cleaning Heat JOHN M. SULLIVAN, HydroChem, Inc., Youngstown, OH, JOHN McGRAW, The philosophy for the
Recovery Steam HydroChem, Jacksonville, FL commissioning of a HRSG in the
Generator’s (HRSG’s) - industry has varied from project to
Top 11 Lessons Learned project. One school of thought
contends that no chemical
cleaning (or minimal) is required.
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solvents, alkaline, boilout, pre-operational, hydrochloric

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acid, steam blows, superheater, reheater, boiler
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pre-commissioning, HRSG, degrease cleaning, complete

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chemical cleaning, passivation
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IWC-02-11 Report
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cleaning (or minimal) is required.
The second school of thought
contends that a complete chemical
cleaning is required. This report
discusses these differences, and a
properly designed and well
executed cleaning with desired
results.
Plant Construction And DAVID M. SMYTH, MICHAEL RZIHA, LIAM McLOUGHLIN, Siemens Power This paper focuses on the
Commissioning – A Generation, Erlangen, Germany; JAMES C. BELLOWS, LANA BURL, preferred pre-operational cleaning
Manufacturer’s Viewpoint HEATHER WASHBURN, Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation, Orlando, concept for new Water Steam
of Pre-operational FL Cycle piping systems of combined
Cleaning cycle plants. During
commissioning the plant is
transformed from a manufactured
and erected condition, to a clean
condition, fit to run for power
production. An example from the
flushing and chemical cleaning of
systems at a Combined Cycle
Power Plant will be used to
illustrate specific points.
Practical Experience With IRVIN J. COTTON, ARTHUR J. FREEDMAN, PhD, Arthur Freedman Associates, Commercial HVAC systems have
Legionella Bacteria Inc., East Stroudsburg, PA been identified as potential
Control In Commercial sources of Legionella bacteria
HVAC Systems infections. This paper discusses
routine testing for Legionella
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steam cleaning
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bacteria in cooling towers, and
changes in operating procedures
designed to help maintain both
total bacteria counts and
Legionella counts at recommended
safe levels. Sources of possible
tower infestation must be
specifically identified and either
removed or carefully controlled.
Case histories are presented to
show the beneficial effects of
systematic cleaning and removal
of contamination on Legionella
bacteria levels in the circulating
water.Commercial HVAC systems
have been identified as potential
sources of Legionella bacteria
infections. Proactive work to
minimize growth of Legionella
bacteria in HVAC cooling systems
is therefore becoming a part of
routine cooling water system water
treatment, service and
maintenance programs._x000D_
This paper discusses routine
testing for Legionella bacteria in
cooling towers, and_x000D_
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IWC-02-12 Paper
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Legionella Treatment LINDA RUSZNAK, KEVIN PIDANE, JOANNE KUCHINSKI, Ashland Specialty The initial response to the
Strategies: First Response Chemical, Boonton, NJ detection of Legionella for an
and Minimization Action industrial cooling water system is
Plan critical. The first response must
address effective treatment
strategies in order to minimize the
possibility of continued Legionella
growth and minimize amplification
that could possibly lead to an
outbreak. Responding to the
detection of Legionella
contamination requires a precise
integration of both chemical and
mechanical treatment methods.
After Legionella risk is minimized,
an effective maintenance program
should be implemented within
current available guidelines. In
order to minimize reoccurrence in
susceptible systems, a proactive
minimization program is essential.
Presented are case histories that
demonstrate corrective action
measures and minimization
strategies.
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Legionella, Legionnaires’ Disease, microbial treatment
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strategies, Legionella risk management, Legionella testing
issues, proactive Legionella control
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IWC-02-13 Paper
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An Effective Biocide G. A. GANZER, The Dow Chemical Company, Buckingham, PA; M. G. FREID, The use of two biocides is finding
Combination Treatment The Dow Chemical Company, Bound Brook, NJ; J. SUMMERFIELD, The Dow greater use in controlling microbial
Program for Cooling Water Chemical Company, Midland, MI; B .L. KIEFER, The Keeler Company, growth in cooling water systems.
Systems Shillington, PA The tandem of one biocide fed on
a slug basis with another biocide
fed on a continuous basis, allows
for greater overall microbial control
and inhibits the likelihood of
tolerance development when using
one biocide exclusively. An
effective biocide combination is
glutaraldehyde, fed on an
intermittent basis, concurrent with
a low level continuous use of 2,2’-
dibromo-nitrilopropionamide,
DBNPA. Recent information on
biofilm control, efficacy and
synergy will be presented as well
as a case history from a recent
cooling tower trial in Northeastern
Pennsylvania. In addition, results
from efficacy testing on Legionella
and Legionella harboring protozoa
will be presented.
An Effective Biocide RADISAV D. VIDIC, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Civil and
Combination Treatment Environmental Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA
Program for Cooling Water
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glutaraldehyde, DBNPA, 2,2’-dibromo-nitrilopropionamide,
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Legionella pneumophila, protozoa, microbiological control,
cooling water, non-oxidizing biocide
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IWC-02-14 Paper
IWC-02-15 Paper
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Systems
Case Histories on PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO Several case histories are
Legionnaires’ Disease reviewed in detail relative to water
from Cooling Tower quality and water treatment
Systems – What was the applications and control.
Problem with the Water Specifically, the reasons for
Treatment Program? ineffective control of Legionella
bacteria, bio-testing
misinterpretation, and the lack of
understanding of how to control
Legionella are reviewed.
Guidelines for end users and water
treatment suppliers are provided.
Case Histories on DAVID F. GEARY, D. F. Geary Consultants, LLC, Annapolis, MD
Legionnaires’ Disease
from Cooling Tower
Systems – What was the
Problem with the Water
Treatment Program?
Current Trends in Ion WAYNE BERNAHL, W Bernahl Enterprises Ltd., Elmhurst, IL, CARL ROSSOW, Many thousands of ion exchange
Exchange Operations – ONDEO Nalco Company,Naperville, IL resin samples are analyzed every
What the Resins are year to see if the resins are still
Telling Us capable of doing their job
efficiently and effectively. These
analyses are normally evaluated
as individual samples and
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Legionnaires’ Disease, Legionella, cooling tower systems,
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cooling water treatment
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ion exchange, resin, analysis, demineralization, softening,

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dealkalization
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IWC-02-16 Paper
Page 232 of 5199 01/27/2018

decisions to clean or replace the
resin are made. Computers have
now enabled us to gather the data
generated from these thousands of
analyses and evaluate the data as
a group. Discoveries from the use
of this technique are reported.
Current Trends in Ion WAYNE BERNAHL, W Bernahl Enterprises Ltd., Elmhurst, IL, CARL ROSSOW,
Exchange Operations – ONDEO Nalco Company,Naperville, IL
What the Resins are
Telling Us
Current Trends in Ion VIJAY K. PURI, Ionex Water Treatment, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA
Exchange Operations –
What the Resins are
Telling Us
Four Years of Operating DONALD D. DOWNEY, The Purolite Company, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada A new Type III strong base anion,
Experience with Type III SBA, resin is based on the N-
Strong Base Anion Resin propanolamine structure. The key
benefits being: The stability of
strong base sites up to120°F.
Maintaining low silica leakage
similar to that for Type l ;
regeneration efficiencies
comparable to that of Type II;
surpassing or maintaining
throughput capacities greater than
those of a Type-II resin.
Page 233 of 5199 01/27/2018

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anion exchange resin, silica leakage, organic fouling

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IWC-02-17 Paper
Page 235 of 5199 01/27/2018

Additionally, the Type III has good
ability to tolerate organic fouling
and cleaning. The details of a 50
ft3 trial bed of Type III installed at
New Plymouth Power Station
demonstrated two important
factors: A) - That the overall
operating performance increased;
B) - the loss of strong base
functionality decreased 12% loss
over 30 months) vs. the Type II ,
(27% loss). The challenge was to
provide further data for Type III
performance for silica removal at
higher temperatures. This paper
will answer part of the challenge.
Four Years of Operating DONALD D. DOWNEY, The Purolite Company, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
Experience with Type III
Strong Base Anion Resin
Four Years of Operating PHILIP W. FATULA, Sybron Chemcials, Inc., a Bayer Company, Pittsburgh, PA
Experience with Type III
Strong Base Anion Resin
Design Criteria for STEFAN HILGER, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany, PHILIP W. FATULA, Reverse osmosis, RO, is
Selection of Ion Exchange Sybron Chemicals, Inc., a Bayer Company, Pittsburgh, PA increasingly being used as the
Based RO Permeate primary desalting process in
Polishing demineralization systems. When
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Page 237 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-02-18 Report
Page 238 of 5199 01/27/2018

the RO permeate does not meet
the required quality demands, a
second-stage desalting or
polishing step is necessary. Often,
this is a mixed-bed ion exchange
system, though others, such as a
multiple bed system, are being
proposed. The discussion points
for this argument include operating
costs, water quality, and operation
safety. An economic analysis of
the multiple bed system and a
conventional mixed-bed is
presented for the polishing of RO
permeate and other “high salinity”
feeds using example calculations
and data from projects either
planned or installed.
Design Criteria for JOSEPH F. GIANNELLI, Finetech Inc., Mountain Lakes, NJ
Selection of Ion Exchange
Based RO Permeate
Polishing
Performance Expectation TERRENCE HELLER, The Purolite Company, Bala Cynwyd, PA Achieving optimum performance of
of Ion Exchange Resins a demineralizer requires
under Variable Operating understanding of the dynamic
Conditions in a Makeup variables that impact resins and
Demineralizer systems. This paper discusses
Page 239 of 5199 01/27/2018

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ion exchange resins, resin aging, throughput, leakage,

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regeneration, counter-flow, co-flow
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Page 241 of 5199 01/27/2018

several environmental, chemical,
and mechanical variables with the
objective of improving a
demineralizer performance and
reducing operating costs. Aspects
that are reviewed include affects of
influent water quality, factors
affecting useful resin life,
performance of cation and anion
resins, and the impact of sulfuric
and hydrochloric acids for
regeneration of the cation.
Additionally, performance of co-
flow and counter-flow regenerated
systems, which have received
much attention in recent years is
included.
An Outline of the New ALROY ASCHOFF, Electric Power Research Institute Consultant, BARRY This report will discuss the
Approach to EPRI DOOLEY, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA research on volatility of drum boiler
Guidelines water constituents conducted by
the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. This research plus
extensive power plant operating
experience forms the basis for
setting the cycle chemistry limits
for the revised EPRI “AVT
Guidelines” which will also be
Page 242 of 5199 01/27/2018

water chemistry, volatility research, all volatile treatment,

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water chemistry limits, corrosion, deposition, copper
transport, boilers, turbines, makeup system, feedwater
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system
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Page 244 of 5199 01/27/2018

discussed. These revised
Guidelines will for the first time
provide limits to protect the boiler
as well as the turbine. These
revised Guidelines will be
published near the end of 2002
and are expected to have a major
effect in the industry.
Renovation or ROBERT D. BARTHOLOMEW, DAVID A. CLINE, Jr., GARY H. ROBERTS, The renovation or replacement of
Replacement of Existing Sheppard T. Powell Associates, LLC, Baltimore, MD existing makeup water treatment
Makeup Water Treatment systems at power plants should
Systems consider both old and new
treatment technologies, water
usage, wastewater production, and
the choice of permanent or leased
equipment. These considerations
are extensively discussed EPRl’s
Revised Guidelines for Makeup
Water Treatment. this progress
report, case studies are presented
as examples of system selection
for facilities with a zero liquid
discharge requirement and
makeup water supply limitations.
Condensate Polishing for MICHAEL A. SADLER, , Bristol, Portishead, Bristol, UK EPRI have for many years
Fossil Power Stations: A encouraged fossil power stations
Review of Recent Work to adopt condensate polishing but
Page 245 of 5199 01/27/2018

makeup water treatment, demineralization, deionization,

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renovation, replacement.
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IWC-02-23 Paper
Page 247 of 5199 01/27/2018

Aimed at Reducing Costs are aware that the costs involved
may be an obstacle. A small team
of specialist have therefore been
considering ways in which costs
can be reduced and the report
reviews the progress made.
Copper Transport in Fossil KEVIN J. SHIELDS, R. BARRY DOOLEY, Electric Power Research Institute, Research activity sponsored by
Utility Cycles Palo Alto, CA EPRI has provided a clear
understanding of the science of
copper corrosion, transport and
deposition processes. This
progress report reviews the work
sponsored by EPRI to reach this
understanding and its implications
for fossil units with mixed
metallurgy condensate and
feedwater systems. Included are
solutions available to mitigate
copper transport and resultant
problems.
Plant Design R. T. TAYLOR, Jr., Ecolochem, Inc., Norfolk, VA Mobile water treatment systems
Considerations for provide a cost-effective solution to
Economic Use of Mobile meet demineralized water
Demineralizers requirements for combustion
turbine power generation facilities.
This paper presents economic
considerations for mobile
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copper, feedwater, boiler water, steam, superheater,

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turbine
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mobile demineralization, combustion turbines,

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demineralized water, storage tank design, net present
value
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IWC-02-25 Report
IWC-02-27 Report
Page 250 of 5199 01/27/2018

equipment use, and presents
design recommendations for
mobile equipment installation and
operation.
Plant Design RONALD MADDEN, Res-Kem Corp., Aston, PA
Considerations for
Economic Use of Mobile
Demineralizers
Water Treatment and PAUL R. BROWN, CPM., Texas Genco, LP, Houston, TX, MICHAEL D. BAILEY, Chemical team members
Chemical Procurement Reliant Resources Corporation, Las Vegas, NV conducted studies that identified
Strategies the need to define strategies to
manage commodity chemical and
water treatment services. That
lead to the questions: what
courses of action will the team
members take to achieve its
objectives and goals, and what are
the expected outcomes? As a
result the team modified its
approach from reactive to
proactive procurement using the
cross-functional team approach to
identify significant criteria for
contracting water treatment
services with chemicals.
Innovative Business Model BOB GORGOL, JOHN SCHUBERT, STEVE HOPPER, USFilter Operating Oil Refineries utilize large amounts
for High Strength Refinery Services of hydrofluoric acid using the HF
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strategies, bid list, evaluation, per diem cost,

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refinery wastes, hydrofluoric acid alkylation, byproduct

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recovery, potassium hydroxide
Page 252 of 5199 01/27/2018
IWC-02-28 Report
Page 253 of 5199 01/27/2018

Waste Streams Alkylation process . The resulting
waste stream is difficult and
expensive to treat and dewater.
Using a commercial crysallization
reactor process with the addition of
hydrated lime process, a KOH
stream can be produced from this
stream, which can be reused in the
refinery’s HF process and a solid
waste. This paper reviews the
business and technical models for
this operation.
Application of Membrane JANTJE JOHNSON, FilmTec Corporation, Edina, MN
Filtration Technology for
the Production of Drinking
Water
Case History of the SAEED DARIAN, Connestoga-Rovers & Associates, Atlanta, GA
Premcor Refinery
Plant on the Texas Gulf
Coast
Evaluating Microbial WAYNE H. DICKINSON, Buckman Laboratories, Memphis, TN Strategies to evaluate and control
Control Treatments Using microbial attachment in water
a Dual-Channel Biofouling systems were examined using a
Monitor dual-channel biofouling monitor.
Combined biofouling and
respiration measurements
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biofouling monitor, microbial control, microbiocide,

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dispersant, penetrant, respiration
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IWC-02-29 Report
Page 256 of 5199 01/27/2018

provided a practical means to
assess microbial activity and to
evaluate treatment protocols.
Fouling induction time and
persistence of inhibition (recovery
time) were applied as criteria to
assess the performance of
antifouling treatments in preventing
and remediating biofouling.
Development of EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Drew Industrial Division, Ashland Canada Corp., When dealing with open
Performance-Based Ajax, Ontario, Canada; MARK PANTAZES, Drew Industrial Division, Ashland evaporative cooling water systems,
Control Technology for Specialty Chemical Co., Boonton, NJ there are two performance
Cooling Water Treatment parameters of primary concern:
corrosion and fouling. On-line
monitoring of either would appear
to be independent. By dividing the
various forms of corrosion and
fouling into subsets,
interdependency can be
established. This analysis,
combined with the real-time
dynamics of the cooling system,
provides a link between key
performance indicators and key
operating indicators . The real-time
linkage can be harnessed to
stepwise adjustments of controlled
Page 257 of 5199 01/27/2018

corrosion, fouling, feed forward, feedback, open loop,

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closed loop, key operating indicators, key performance
indicators, on-line monitoring
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IWC-02-30 Paper
IWC-02-31 Report
Page 259 of 5199 01/27/2018

parameters such as blowdown,
pH, oxidant, non-oxidizing
biocides, dispersants, deposit
control, and corrosion control
additives in order to maintain
corrosion and fouling within their
respective user defined control
ranges
Advanced Cooling Water DANIEL A. MEIER, BARBARA E. MORIARTY, JEFFREY P. RASIMAS, DAVID Balancing cooling system
Performance with New L. STONECIPHER, ONDEO Nalco Company, Naperville, IL performance with operational,
Dual Functioning Inhibitor water chemistry and environmental
issues can challenge a plant’s
cooling water operations.
Degrading water quality and
extended plant operations make
selection of the optimum inhibitor
program difficult. A new
scale/corrosion inhibitor has been
designed with ease of application
to meet these needs.
Advanced Cooling Water GARY A. LORETITSCH, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO
Performance with New
Dual Functioning Inhibitor
Biofilms that Control THOMAS K. WOOD, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; BARRY C. SYRETT, Corrosion control using
Corrosion Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA; PEGGY J. ARPS, JAMES C. regenerative biofilms, CCURB,
EARTHMAN, Univ. of California, Irvine, CA; FLORIAN MANSFELD, Univ. of was shown to occur with many
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA metals and the mechanism of
Page 260 of 5199 01/27/2018

cooling water, open recirculating, corrosion inhibitor;

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corrosion monitoring,_x000D_
scale inhibitor, scale monitoring, phosphinosuccinic
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oligimer; high stress polymer, engineering approach, asset
reliability, plant efficiency
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microbiologically influenced corrosion, biocorrosion,
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biofilms
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IWC-02-32 Paper
Page 262 of 5199 01/27/2018

Southern California, Los Angeles, CA metals and the mechanism of
protection was investigated. The
beneficial aerobic bacteria were
also engineered to secrete
antimicrobial compounds that kill
otherwise harmful sulfate-reducing
bacteria, and bacteria have been
engineered to secrete general
corrosion inhibitors. Preliminary
tests on mild steel at Amergen’s
Three Mile Island Nuclear Station
show that CCURB is possible in
real plant environments, not just in
carefully controlled laboratory
environments.
Ozone For Cooling Tower DANIEL J. TIERNEY, Space Gateway Support, Kennedy Space Center, FL The operational experience and
Systems – An Update and performance of the successful use
Lessons Learned At The of ozone as a stand-alone cooling
Kennedy Space Center water treatment method are
discussed. Several guidelines for
design parameters and
operational controls are presented.
From a wide field of application
experience, the author offers
several lessons-learned relating to
generator types, capacity, dosage,
corrosion, and microbiological
Page 263 of 5199 01/27/2018

ozone, cooling water, cooling tower

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IWC-02-33 Report
Page 265 of 5199 01/27/2018

control. From the evolution of early
struggles and disenchantment,
specific information on what should
be done is provided as well as
what must be avoided. Unlike
conventional chemical programs,
ozone treatment based upon
applied rates and dosages remains
controversial, but case studies
continue to explore and validate
this emerging technology.
Ozone For Cooling Tower RICHARD M. AHLGREN, Ahlgren Associates LLC, Waukesha, WI
Systems – An Update and
Lessons Learned At The
Kennedy Space Center
Alleviation of Problems PHILIP K. HAZEN, Texas Municipal Power Agency, Carlos, TX, J. A mid south utility installed reverse
Associated with Start-Up C.DROMGOOLE, Fort Bend Services, Inc., Stafford, TX osmosis, RO, systems for boiler
of RO Systems at a 480 water pretreatment. Analyses of
MW Power Plant feedwater from a man made lake
indicated that it would be easy
water to treat an RO system. Early
operation was plagued by
inadequate operator training, poor
operating instructions the
manufacturer, and overall
ignorance of the reverse osmosis
process. The membranes required
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IWC-02-34 Report
IWC-02-36 Report
Page 268 of 5199 01/27/2018

cleaning every other day and only
lasted 3 months. Acceptable RO
performance required a year of
trial and changes.
Membranes Operational JIM SUMMERFIELD, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI Reverse osmosis membrane
Warning Signs, systems are subject to upsets from
Troubleshooting, and many types of foulants or scale. It
Cleaning is not the nature of the membrane,
rather the nature of pre-treatment
and operations. Understanding
the entire process from pre-
treatment of the raw water the
discharge of the reject
Sensitive Integrity Test for STUART A. McCLELLAN, Successfully Applied Membranes, Inc., Palm Beach
RO/NF Elements Gardens, FL
Self-Cleaning Filters for MARCUS N. ALLHANDS, PhD, PE, Amiad Filtration Systems, Oxnard, CA The removal of suspended solids
Pre -Treatment of is necessary to protect membrane
Membrane and UV Water systems and prevent the “shadow
Treatment Systems effect” in ultraviolet (UV) treatment
systems. Recent field data has
shown the effectiveness of
automatic self-cleaning filters in
removing suspended solids down
to less than 3 microns in size
without flocculants, pre-coats or
granulated media. Tests have
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filtration, pre-treatment, membranes, ozone, ultraviolet light,
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reverse_x000D_
osmosis, pressure filters, automatic filters, filters, water
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treatment, wastewater treatment
Page 270 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-02-37 Report
IWC-02-38 Report
Page 271 of 5199 01/27/2018

granulated media. Tests have
demonstrated the complete
removal of particles 10
micrometers ( microns) and larger
with self-cleaning weavewire
screen filters and particles 3
microns and larger with thread
filter technology.
Propagation of Rainbow LOU KOENIG, Zinkan Enterprises, Twinsburg, OH, CHARLES K. This technical paper presents
Trout in Treated Mine BLANKENSHIP, PE, Duquesne Light Company, Pittsburgh, PA information about the Warwick
Water at the Warwick Project and data about the ongoing
Project aquaculture activities. Acid Mine
Drainage (AMD) water is a long-
term mining problem often with a
pH of 2-3 and may contain soluble
and particulate iron and
manganese in the thousands of
parts per million (ppm). Treated,
clean water from Warwick is
released to Whiteley Creek, a
tributary of the Monongahela
River. Consultation with
aquaculture experts led Duquesne
to decide to launch a pilot project
using a warm-water variety of
rainbow trout.
Combined Cycle ACC BRIAN AYLAIAN, PE, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD Feedback from operating plants to
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reverse osmosis, air cooled condenser, sodium cycle

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IWC-02-39 Report
IWC-02-40 Report
Page 274 of 5199 01/27/2018

Power Plant Zero designers can facilitate the
Discharge Optimization: optimization of future water
Design Versus treatment plant system design. In
Optimization this report, flow data from a
combined cycle power plant with
an air-cooled condenser and zero
discharge system is analyzed with
respect to the water treatment
design basis and predicted
equipment performance.
Reuse of Secondary ROBERT P. HELWICK, USFilter, Moon Township, PA In 1999, a facility was started up to
Effluent in Hawaii treat 12 MGD of the municipal
wastewater, providing water for
two uses - irrigation and industrial
use, including boiler and cooling
tower makeup. This stream is
treated by fine media filtration,
microfiltration and reverse osmosis
to produce a high quality water.
Treatment of Wastewater NARENDRA P. SHINKAR, Government Polytechnic, Nanded, Maharashtra, Feasibility of an upflow anaerobic
from Vegetable Oil India, TAPAS NANDY, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute fixed film fixed bed reactor system
Refinery and its Reuse (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India was investigated for the treatment
using Upflow Anaerobic of vegetable oil refinery industry
Fixed Film Fixed Bed wastewater with recourse to
Reactor System biogas recovery. After removal of
free oil and grease through oil and
grease removal facility, the
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softener, wastewater, power augmentation, silt density
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fixed bed reactor, upflow system, anaerobic wastewater

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treatment, vegetable oil
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IWC-02-41 Report
IWC-02-42 Report
Page 277 of 5199 01/27/2018

wastewater was used as feed.
Based on the studies it can be
concluded that an upflow
anaerobic fixed film fixed bed
reactor system would be an
appropriate treatment option for
vegetable oil refinery wastewater
and it can be reused by using
further treatment.
Microsand-Ballasted BILL MOORE, Calpine Corporation, Houston, TX, WILLIAM SULLIVAN, USFilter, This paper presents a case study
Clarification Technology Cary, NC on the microsand-ballasted
Provides Recycled Water clarifiers installed at the Delta
for Cooling Tower Make- Diablo Sanitation Districts recycled
up to Calpine's Delta water facility in Antioch, CA., which
Energy Center is providing cooling tower water for
Calpine Corporation’s new Delta
Energy Center (DEC) generating
plant in Pittsburg, CA.
New Analytical Technique RICK DUNN, Ionics Instruments, Boulder, CO A newly developed on-line
Promotes Elimination of analyzer is being utilized in ultra
Silica in Feed, Steam and pure water systems to control
Condensate Systems and/or eliminate silicia, and to
optimize mixed-bed regenerations
pratices resulting in significant
reduction in operational costs.
Results of field testing are offered
for consideration, along with
Page 278 of 5199 01/27/2018

clarifier, cooling water, recycled water

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IWC-02-44 Paper
Page 280 of 5199 01/27/2018

comments and conclusions from
users of the analyzers.
Improved Chemical KAJ RONDUM, KEITH FIELDING, Ashland Specialty Chemical Company, Methyl ethyl ketoxime, MEKO, is a
Treatment Program for Boonton, NJ proprietary patented volatile
Optimum Corrosion oxygen scavenger/metal
Control in a Combined passivator which was first used
Cycle Power Plant commercially to treat a 2600 psig
utility boiler ir, 1988. Since then, it
has been used successfully in over
150 high pressure power and
cogeneration (IPP) installations. It
has demonstrated its superiority in
controlling oxygen corrosion,
passivating metal surfaces,
reducing metal oxide transport and
actually removing deposit weight
density loadings from boiler tubes,
eliminating the cost associated
with chemical cleaning. This paper
will present information associated
with its application with a specific
amine blend and a formulated
phosphate/polymer product in a
Gulf Coast combined cycle power
plant heat recovery steam
generator, HRSG.
Improved Chemical MARK A. JANICK, PE, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
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IWC-09-36 Paper
IWC-02-45 Report
Page 283 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment Program for
Optimum Corrosion
Control in a Combined
Cycle Power Plant
Steam Generation using MARTIN R. GODFREY, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL Produced water presents
Produced Water: Lessons challenges for high-pressure
Learned steam production. Silica causes
mineral scale formation on heat
transfer surfaces. Volatile
components not present in
conventional boiler water distribute
throughout the system. Field data
on silicate scale formation and the
distribution of volatile components
in various Steam Assisted Gravity
Drainage, SAGD, systems are
presented.
Organic Water Treatment JULIUS ISAAC, PE., KUMAR SINHA, PE, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, Power plants use ammonia (or
Chemicals versus MD amines) for pH control of the
Ammonia and Hydrazine condensate/feedwater circuits and
hydrazine (or organic substitutes)
for oxygen scavenging. Organic
amines and oxygen scavengers
break down into organic acids and
carbon dioxide, which increase
steam conductivity. This has
caused difficulties in attaining
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Produced Water, OTSG, Evaporator, Steam Generation,

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SAGD
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ammonia, amines, hydrazine, morpholine,

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cyclohexylamine, carbohydrazide, steam purity, cation
conductivity, degassed cation conductivity
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IWC-02-46 Paper
IWC-02-48 Report
Page 286 of 5199 01/27/2018

cation conductivity limits in steam
during startup, and in many cases
after start-up. Experience has
shown that switching to ammonia
and hydrazine during the start-up
phase improves the chances of
attaining the steam turbine
vendor’s steam quality limits in a
shorter time.
Non-chemical Water LORAINE A. HUCHLER, PE, MarTech Systems, Inc., Lawrenceville, NJ There are numerous systems
Treatment Systems: using combinations of electrical,
Histories, Principles and magnetic and mechanical means
Literature Review to replace water treatment
chemicals. This paper will describe
currently-marketed devices, their
proposed mechanisms of
operation, review the literature for
clear evidence of effective action in
laboratory and field applications
and provide recommendations for
evaluations in cooling towers.
Non-chemical Water SAMUEL B. DILCER, Jr., Cyrus Rice Water Consultants, Pittsburgh, PA
Treatment Systems:
Histories, Principles and
Literature Review
An Investigation of JOHN P. COULTER, CESAR A. SILEBI, C. ALEXIS BENNETT, Lehigh The study focused on Electrostatic
Electrostatic Water University, Bethlehem, PA; PAUL Q. McLAINE, Chemfree Water Systems Inc., Water Treatment. This technology
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cooling water treatment, electrostatic water treatment,

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bacteria control, electric field modeling, energy savings,
Page 288 of 5199 01/27/2018
IWC-02-49 Report
Page 289 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment for Industrial Nazareth, PA utilizes electrostatic fields to
Systems replace chemicals. We evaluated
the extended temporal
performance metrics of the system
in an industrial pharmaceutical
facility near Philadelphia. Several
issues were explored in controlled
laboratory settings at Lehigh
University. The study focused on
an analysis of the cylindrical
geometry prevalent in existing
electrostatic water treatment
systems. The electric field
strengths were compared for
various applied voltage levels.
Overall, the study shed some
useful light into the promising and
yet complex area of electrostatic
water treatment
Electrochemical JESÚS MARÍN-CRUZ, ARQUIMEDES ESTRADA, Instituto Mexicano del This work describes a fast and
Evaluation of Scale Petróleo México City, DF, México; IGNACIO GONZÁLEZ, Universidad Autonóma economical evaluation of inhibition
Inhibitor to Cooling Metropolitana, México City, DF, México properties of compounds used in
Systems cooling water systems. The
methodology consists of
Electrochemical techniques, such
as Chronoamperometry and
Voltammetry to induce Calcium
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water usage reduction
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scale inhibition, calcium carbonate, carbon steel.

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IWC-02-50 Paper
IWC-02-52 Report
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Carbonate scale on Carbon Steel
and later to evaluate the free scale
area. In this way, it has been
possible to know comparatively the
scale inhibition properties of four
compounds based on
Phosphonate.
HERO™ Application on NANDAN T. VANI, PE., DSc., Bechtel Corporation, Frederick, MD; JOEL The paper reviews treatment
High Silica Gray Water for KASPER, PE., Aquagenics Inc., Woburn, MA; CHRIS REGA, InterGen Energy, aspects for use of high silica
an ACC Combined Cycle Burlington, MA secondary treated sewage as a
Power Plant sole source for the supply of
makeup water to the Bajio Power
Plant. Brief descriptions of the
sewage treatment and water
treatment systems are included.
Available plant operating data
were analyzed. For brevity,
representative selected data are
presented and discussed.
HERO™ Application on PETER ERIKSSON, Osmonics, Vista, CA
High Silica Gray Water for
an ACC Combined Cycle
Power Plant
Dissolved Oxygen RICHARD M. MODE, Ecolochem, Inc., St. Peters, MO; WILLIAM E. HAAS, This paper will focus on the
Reduction by Membrane Ecolochem, Inc., Norfolk, VA; WENDELL GREENE, Southern Company, benefits of dissolved oxygen
Technology to Reduce Roopville, GA removal by Gas Transfer
Feed Water System Membrane technology in a
Page 293 of 5199 01/27/2018

weak acid cation, silica, gray water, sewage treatment

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plant, high efficiency reverse osmosis
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gas transfer membrane, deoxygenation, carbon dioxide,

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dissolved oxygen, corrosion
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Corrosion combined cycle make-up system.
In a feed water system with
conventional steam contact
deaeration, the oxygen saturated
makeup water is exposed to an
elevated temperature environment
in the low pressure feed water
heaters before entering
the_x000D_
steam deaerator. This paper will
present use of a chemical-free,
membrane based system that
removes dissolved oxygen at
ambient temperature prior to the
deaerator, which results in lower
feedwater system corrosion and
longer life cycle.
Operating To Prevent ROBERT HOLLOWAY, Holloway Associates, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada This report provides field
Feedwater Contamination experience with operating
conditions that introduce
contaminants into boiler feedwater.
Many conditions are easily
prevented if the operators are
aware of the consequences of
lapses in good operating
procedures. The information is
based on knowledge gained in
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none
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IWC-02-65 Report
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more than 50 years of system
design and observation of
operating systems.
How a Power Plant Air SUSAN BAINES, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD This paper discusses the impact
Permit Can Impact the power plant air permit emission
Cooling Tower Circulating restrictions can have on the design
Water Treatment System of a cooling tower circulating water
Design Process treatment system, current methods
to measure cooling tower drift, and
various alternative solutions that
describe treatment configurations
to meet both air and wastewater
permit requirements.
A Multi-Parameter DAVID M. GRAY, Thornton/Mettler-Toledo, Waltham, MA The cost of corrosion and deposits
Instrument Approach to in power plant systems has driven
Boiler Feedwater research to understand corrosion
Monitoring mechanisms and to establish cycle
water chemistry schemes and
guidelines to mitigate these
problems. This presentation
provides guidance for the
successful specification,
installation and operation of on-line
analytical instrumentation used to
achieve compliance with these
guidelines. A multi-parameter
approach to monitoring is
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power plant, cooling tower, air emissions, permit, circulating

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water, particulate matter
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analytical instrumentation, boiler water treatment, cation

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conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, power cycle chemistry
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presented which will provide a
single advanced platform for the
most common parameters: specific
and cation conductivity, pH,
dissolved oxygen and ORP.
The Impact of Water MEL J. ESMACHER, PE., JOHN F. FARRARO, PE, GE Betz, The Woodlands, Upsets in boiler water chemistry
Chemistry on Boiler Tube TX can lead to several forms of boiler
Failures tube failure, BTF, and related
steam system damage. In this
report, case histories will be
presented detailing the types of
failures that can occur as a
consequence of exceeding
prescribed contaminant limits.
Responding to Boiler K. ANTHONY SELBY, Water Technology Consultants™, Inc., Evergreen, CO Feedwater contamination can have
Feedwater Contamination a serious impact on industrial
boiler systems. Contamination can
damage boiler internals,
contaminate steam and damage
steam-using equipment. The
sources of contamination include
the condensate system, makeup
treatment system and overloaded
or malfunctioning deaerators.
Detection is the key to responding
to feedwater contamination. The
response to feedwater
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boiler, tubing, failure analysis, deposits, deposit weight

density, corrosion
contamination, feedwater, condensate, process

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contaminants, condenser leakage, deaerator malfunction,
makeup treatment, system contamination
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IWC-02-59 Report
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contamination is based on taking
actions to isolate/correct the
contamination, counteract the
damaging effects and/or removing
affected equipment from service
before catastrophic damage can
occur
Process for Cleaning and JASBIR S. GILL, PhD, ONDEO Nalco Company, Naperville, IL This paper presents a new rust
Self-Passivation of cleaning method, which is safe to
Surfaces Fouled with Iron handle and can be used to remove
Oxide Deposit rust from various systems,
including heating-cooling lines
used in glass-lined reactors. It
dissolves, disintegrates, and
removes the deposit from the
surfaces while protecting the
underlying metal during cleaning.
The cleaning product contains a
reducing agent, a chelating agent,
a polymer, and surfactants. The
bulk of the chemistry has no
chemical reaction with the bare
metal. At the end of cleaning, due
to the reducing environment, a
protective film of magnetite is
created that eliminates the need
for passivation step after cleaning.
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none
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IWC-02-60 Report
IWC-02-61 Report
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A number of case histories include
field trials as well as commercial
applications in hot water loops,
water supply system, and
machine-tool manufacturing.
Beneficial Use of EPRI KEVIN J. SHIELDS, R. BARRY DOOLEY, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA A revision of the EPRI chemical
Chemical Cleaning cleaning guidelines, published in
Guidelines 2001, focuses on proper
interpretation and application of
the guidelines, as well as changes
in chemical cleaning technology
and cycle chemistry treatment
options. This Progress Report
discusses approaches that should
be followed to appraise tube
waterside cleanliness and
determine the need to clean utility
boilers in conventional fossil
plants.
Chemical Cleaning of JAMES E. FARMERIE, HERC Products, Inc., Wexford, PA This paper discusses the use of
Industrial Utility Systems off-line chemical cleaning to return
the system to design capacity. It
reviews cleaning opportunities for
preoperations, disinfecting, and
deposit/scale removal. An example
from salt river project Kyrene
generating plant in Tempe, AZ will
Page 308 of 5199 01/27/2018

boiler, chemical cleaning

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none
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IWC-02-62 Report
IWC-02-63 Report
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be discussed.
Proper Initial Passivation PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO Cleaning and passivation of heat
of Cooling Water Heat exchangers are not often utilized
Exchangers – Is This a today when it is needed,
Lost Art? particularly on carbon steel and
enhanced copper tubed heat
exchangers. Case histories,
guidelines, and procedures are
provided.
Corrosion Monitoring TZU-YU CHEN, RODNEY H. BANKS, JEFFREY BRESHEARS, NARASIMHA M. This paper reviews a variety of
Techniques for Industrial RAO, STEVEN N. NICOLICH, DANIEL M. CICERO, ONDEO Nalco Chemical corrosion monitoring techniques,
Cooling Water and Company, Naperville, IL including analytical chemistry, x-
Process Systems ray radiography, ultrasonic scans,
coupon weight loss method,
electrical resistance and
electrochemical measurements.
The advantages and
disadvantages of each and
technological trends which may
point to new developments in this
area are described. This paper
also presents some data collected
in the laboratory and in field
applications and point out
obstacles to effective corrosion
rate measurements, including low
conductivity waters, the challenges
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initial passivation, mild steel, corrosion, film formation,

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cooling water
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Cooling Water, Corrosion Coupon, Corrosion Monitoring,

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Polarization Resistance, Electrical Resistance Probe,
Electrochemical Impedance
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IWC-02-64 Paper
IWC-02-66 Paper
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found in once-through cooling
water and the technical limitations
of the various corrosion
measurement techniques. A
number of Best Practices for
monitoring corrosion rates in
cooling water systems are also
included.
Identifying and Minimizing ROBERT STRANDBERG, Covanta Energy, Bainbridge, PA, TERRY McCOY, Cooling tower problems and
Cooling Tower Mechanical ChemTreat, Inc., Lancaster, PA eventual failures can be identified
and Performance Risks there by avoiding unexpected
major repair costs. Periodic
inspections by knowledgeable
personnel are critical in
maintaining the performance of the
unit. By performing thorough
annual inspections corrective
action can be initiated and repairs
budgeted.
An Integrated Approach to W. D. SAUNDERS, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Secunda, South Africa; S. E. Laboratory and pilot plant scale
the Evaluation of Chemical WILKENS, Buckman Laboratories (Pty) Ltd, Bedfordview, South Africa; A test work was performed to
Treatment Programs for PALAZZO, Buckman Laboratories (Pty) Ltd, Hammarsdale, South Africa quantify the achievable reduction
Full Scale Cooling System in the total cost of ownership of
Applications, with the water treatment plants at a large
Emphasis on the petrochemical facility and mitigate
Reduction of Total Cost of the impact of scaling, fouling and
Ownership corrosion. The developed chemical
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none
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cooling tower, process cooling water, corrosion, scaling,

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fouling, cycles of concentration, water reuse, cleaning
costs, saline waters, pilot plant
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treatment program was
implemented on a full scale cooling
system which resulted in a total
cost reduction. The optimal
combination between the reduction
in heat exchanger cleaning,
coupled to increased chemical
treatment costs, would result in a
cost reduction of approximately
$9M for the large process cooling
water systems. The reuse of
various wastewater streams
evaluated include saline mine
water, domestic sewage effluents,
as well as combinations thereof.
An Integrated Approach to W. D. SAUNDERS, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Secunda, South Africa; S. E.
the Evaluation of Chemical WILKENS, Buckman Laboratories (Pty) Ltd, Bedfordview, South Africa; A
Treatment Programs for PALAZZO, Buckman Laboratories (Pty) Ltd, Hammarsdale, South Africa
Full Scale Cooling System
Applications, with the
Emphasis on the
Reduction of Total Cost of
Ownership
An Integrated Approach to WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Wayne C. Micheletti, Inc., Charlottesville, VA
the Evaluation of Chemical
Treatment Programs for
Full Scale Cooling System
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IWC-03-01 Paper
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Applications, with the
Emphasis on the
Reduction of Total Cost of
Ownership
None JACK BOGUT, 1320-WJAS, Pittsburgh, PA
ASME Research Moderator :Richard Jacobsen, Bechtel BWXT Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID
Committee Activities and
Projects; Panel Discussion
Session
A Step-Change DAVE PAULSON, MIKE MADSEN, JOE SZCZEPANSKI, BILL LAIDLAW, GE In its efforts to continually improve
Improvement in Melt- Osmonics, depth filtration technology and
Blown Depth Filtration performance, a new melt-blown
Technology depth filtration technologyhas been
developed. The technology
employs the combination of finer
fibers and a new, transverse fiber
laydown with the conventional
melt-blown fiber technology filter.
This creates unique filter media
structure, and filters produced with
it have an increased void volume
and lower fluid velocities for
equivalent filtration performance.
The result is increased dirt-holding
capacity and up to 100 percent
longer filter life at equal or better
efficiencies than conventional melt-
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None
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IWC-03-02 Paper
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efficiencies than conventional melt-
blown depth filters.
A Step-Change PETER F. METCALFE, Toray Membrane America, San Diego, CA
Improvement in Melt-
Blown Depth Filtration
Technology
Ultrafiltration as MERRILEE GALLOWAY, ANTONIA VON GOTTBERG, SCOTT WHITAKER, Hollow fiber ultrafiltration, UF, has
Pretreatment to Reverse Ionics, Inc., Watertown. MA been widely applied in the area of
Osmosis potable water production as a
barrier to pathogens and viruses.
However, more recent acceptance
has been gained in the
pretreatment of surface water and
biologically treated municipal
effluent prior to Reverse Osmosis,
RO, systems. UF provides a very
high quality, low SDI, Silt Density
Index, product, and offers a
pretreatment alternative with a
small footprint and low chemical
consumption. These benefits of UF
make it an excellent choice for RO
pretreatment. This paper discuss
the benefits of using UF as
pretreatment to RO systems on
both surface water and secondary
treated municipal effluent by
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Ultrafiltration, Pretreatment, Reverse Osmosis

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IWC-03-03 Report
IWC-03-04 Paper
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exploring data from pilot test sites.
Ultrafiltration as RICHARD FRANKS, Hydranautics, Inc., Oceanside, CA

Pretreatment to Reverse
Osmosis
RO Pretreatment with GLENN P. VICEVIC, SUSAN GUIBERT, ZENON Environmental, Oakville, A demonstration of RO
Immersed Hollow Fiber Ontario, Canada, RICKY BRYANT, Southern Company, Atlanta, GA, JOHN Pretreatment with immersed
Ultrafiltration PAPANIA, Mississippi Power Company, Escatawpa, MS hollow fiber ultrafiltration
membrane modules was
conducted at Mississippi Power’s
Daniel Electric Generating Plant.
From April of 2002 through July of
2003 the ultrafiltration system
produced on average 1014 gpm of
permeate with an average turbidity
of 0.05 NTU and an average SDI
of 0.75. An average cleaning
frequency of every 2.5 months was
observed with both inorganic and
organic fouling detected.
Modernization Concepts; DAVID T. DALLY, Sybron Chemicals, Inc., A Bayer Co., Birmingham, NJ, PAUL This presentation will provide
Utilizing Bayer W. GROSS, DARIN CUNNINGHAM, Liquid Process Technologies, Houston, TX several design concepts, related to
Countercurrent Packed the modernization of existing
Bed Technology cocurrent demineralizers utilizing
countercurrent Packed Bed
Technology. Two case studies will
be included detailing the operating
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Ultrafiltration, Hollow Fiber, Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment
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Packed Bed, Countercurrent, Retrofit, Demineralization,

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Modernization
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IWC-03-05 Report
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cost savings, improvement in
effluent quality and operational
benefits provided by combining
Packed Beds with a conventional
cocurrent design. In the first study,
operating data will be presented
for a modernized operating
installation comparing the previous
performance with cocurrent
technology to the present
performance with the advanced
countercurrent, upflow service
Packed Bed Technology. For the
second case study, the data
prepared for a project cost
justification will be presented.
The Application of CADIX RICK MULLIGAN, Dow Chemical Canada, Inc., Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, This presentation will provide
(Computer Aided Design STEPHEN NAJMY, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI several design concepts, related to
for Ion eXchange) to the modernization of existing
Predict the Performance cocurrent demineralizers utilizing
Advantages of an countercurrent Packed Bed
UPCORE Technology Technology. Two case studies will
Retrofit for a Make-up be included detailing the operating
Water Demineralizer cost savings, improvement in
effluent quality and operational
benefits provided by combining
Packed Beds with a conventional
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Packed Bed, Countercurrent, Retrofit, Demineralization,

http://www.eswp.com
Modernization
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IWC-03-06 Paper
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cocurrent design. In the first study,
operating data will be presented
for a modernized operating
installation comparing the previous
performance with cocurrent
technology to the present
performance with the advanced
countercurrent, upflow service
Packed Bed Technology._x000D_
For the second case study, the
data prepared for a project cost
justification will be presented.
Membrane Technologies PETER S. CARTWRIGHT, PE, Cartwright Consulting Co., Minneapolis, MN Membrane technologies combined
for Industrial Water Reuse with more traditional processes
offer significant opportunities in
wastewater treatment applications
associated with a multitude of
industrial manufacturing
operations. The membrane
separation technologies of
microfiltration, ultrafiltration,
nanofiltration and reverse osmosis
possess characteristics which
make them attractive as recycle
and recovery processes._x000D_
It is virtually impossible to
accurately design an industrial
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None
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IWC-03-07 Paper
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wastewater treatment system
utilizing membrane technologies
without a complete and thoroughly
comprehensive testing program.
This is required to determine the
best membrane polymer and
element configuration, and to
optimize thesystem design and
operating conditions. In this paper,
fundamentals of these
technologies are introduced,
engineering design requirements
addressed and testing details
described. Two case histories are
also discussed.
Membrane Technologies WAYNE E. BERNAHL, W Bernahl Enterprises Ltd, Elmhurst, IL
for Industrial Water Reuse
The Use of Portable WILLIAM KOEBEL, ResinTech, Inc., West Berlin, NJ Regional portable exchange
Exchange Deionization deionization, PEDI, service
(PEDI) in the Power companies provide external
Industry regeneration of exchange tanks or
user-owned vessels. This service
covers flows to several hundred
gpm, effluent quality up to 18
megohm, low total organic
carbon,TOC, polishing mixed
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Deionization, Demineralization, Portable Exchange, PEDI,
http://www.eswp.com
Reverse Osmosis, RO, Electrodeionization, EDI,_x000D_
Power
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carbon,TOC, polishing mixed
beds. Power generation plants are
finding advantages utilizing these
service companies to regenerate
their mixed bed polishers offsite,
especially when reverse osmosis,
RO, units and/or other bulk ion
removal systems are involved.
Technical, economic and
environmental issues will be
discussed as well as the structure
of a regional PEDI company.
The Use of Portable DAVE CHRISTOPHERSON, Crown Solutions, Dayton, OH
Exchange Deionization
(PEDI) in the Power
Industry
Introduction to the ASME JAMES O. ROBINSON, GE Betz, Trevose, PA The ASME Research and
Research and Technology Technology Committee on Water
Committee on Water and and Steam in Thermal Systems
Steam in Thermal meets in conjunction with the
Systems International Water Conference
affording interested attendees of
the conference the opportunity to
participate in the committee
activitiess encompassing water
and steam technology significant
to steam generation and use. They
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apply to utility, industrial and
institutional steam generating
systems and include water
treatment and the properties of
water, steam and aqueous
solutions. Attendees are probably
most familiar with us through the
“Consensus on Operating
Practices for the Control of
Feedwater and Boiler Water
Chemistry in Modern Industrial
Boilers,” published by our
Committee and used establish
feedwater and boiler operating
limits throughout the world. We
have also published the widely
distributed “A Practical Guide for
Avoiding Steam Purity Problems in
the Industrial Plant” and, more
recently, a “Consensus for the Lay-
Up of Boilers, Turbines, Turbine
Condensers, and Auxiliary
Equipment.” In addition, in 1998
we published software, “ASME
Steam Properties for Industrial
Use”, which enables users to
easily access the International
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Association of the Properties of
Water and Steam (IAPWS)
Industrial Formulation 1997. This
information is also available in print
form as the “ASME International
Steam Tables for Industrial Use,”
published in 2000.
The Costs of Improper ROBERT HOLLOWAY, Holloway Associates, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada During any non-operating periods,
Power Cycle Lay-up and boilers and related equipment
How They May Be must be laid up properly to avoid
Avoided corrosion damage. Failure to do so
will reduce the availability and
reliability of equipment, increase
maintenance costs and eventually
shorten the useful life. Severe
corrosion could even lead to
catastrophic failure with an
accompanying loss of s team and
plant production. This report
provides examples of damage,
some cost data and information on
lay-up methodology.
Sampling and Monitoring IRVIN J. COTTON, Arthur Freedman Associates, Stroudsburg, PA, ROGER This paper summarizes work done
Of Feedwater and Boiler LIGHT, The Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, TX on a document which will provide
Water Chemistry guidelines and recommendations
for sampling procedures, analytical
testing and frequency required to
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IWC-41~5
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maintain the suggested water
chemistry limits outlined in the
consensus of operating practices
for control of feedwater and boiler
water chemistry in modern
industrial boilers.
Steam Generation Using MELONIE MYSZCZYSZYN, Canadian Natural Resources Ltd., Bonnyville, AB,
Produced Water: Lessons Canada
Learned
Plant Results with Rice, O.

Threshold Treatment
Operating Guidelines for DAVID G. DANIELS, M&M Engineering, Austin, TX The ASME Research Committee
HRSG Cycle Chemistry - on Water and Steam in Thermal
Status Report on the Power Systems Water Treatment
HRSG Limits Task Group Subcommittee is developing
chemistry guidelines for heat
recovery steam generators,
HRSG’s. The purpose of the
forthcoming document is to provide
recommend chemistry parameters
for reliable operation of HRSG’s in
general and information on how to
establish chemistry limits for a
specific site or configuration.
Amine Use in Steam MICHAEL W. ROOTHAM, Mike Rootham and Associates, Delmont, PA, J. C. Papers relating excellent
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None
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Cooling System Treatment, Corrosion Control -
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General,Public Water Supply
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heat recovery steam generator, HRSG, combined cycle,
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cycle chemistry limits, water quality, steam purity, chemical
treatment
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Amines, Acetic Acid, Corrosion Control, Ion Exchange

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Water Cycles and Boilers - BELLOWS, Siemens Westinghouse, Orlando, FL, D. M. BLOOM, Ondeo-Nalco experience with amine addition
The State of Our Company, Wheaton. IL, J. O. ROBINSON, GE Betz, Trevose, PA have been published. Others have
Knowledge warned of potential dangers, and
some have suggested that
additional investigations are
required. Our committee is forming
a task group to assess what is
known, what additional information
is needed, and propose a program
of testing to address and
document unanswered questions
related to the compatibility of
commonly used amines and their
thermal decomposition products
with steam turbine materials of
construction.
Pre-Commissioning of EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Drew Canada Division of Ashland Canada Corp., The ASME Research and
Combined Cycle Plants Ajax, Ontario, Canada Technology Committee on Water
and Steam in Thermal Power
Systems is in the process of
producing a document which
itemizes and outlines key issues
that require addressing to ensure a
successful and timely
commissioning of a combined
cycle power plant with , heat
recovery steam generators,
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Resins, Steam Generators, Steam Turbines, Test Program,
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Thermal Decomposition
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combined cycle, heat recovery steam generator, HRSG,

http://www.eswp.com
cleaning, passivation, corrosion, pretreatment,_x000D_
water quality, steam purity, chemical treatment programs,
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cycle chemistry control, monitoring, lay-up, component
failures.
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IWC-03-14 Paper
Page 352 of 5199 01/27/2018

HRSGs, . The generic best
practical practices will be
described in such a manner that
the reader can link the concepts to
pre-design considerations (i.e.
minimization of component
failures, long-term maintenance
and operating costs) to ensure
reliability. The paper will outline the
document framework, progress to
date, future needs, and will
present a field example.
Cost Effective RO & NF JULIA E. NEMETH, PE, Harn R/O Systems, Inc., Venice, FL, THOMAS F. Membrane technologies have
Systems: Importance of SEACORD, P.E., Carollo Engineers, Boise, ID historically been viewed as
O&M Considerations in expensive, thus many owners
Design, Procurement, and select reverse osmosis, RO,
Manufacturing systems based on the lowest
capital cost. Actually, the most
significant expense over the life of
a plant is the O&M cost.
Fabricating membrane plants with
this in mind will ensure owners
obtain the best value.
Cost Effective RO & NF HARBANS KOHLI, US Filter Corporation, Signal Hill, CA
Systems: Importance of
O&M Considerations in
Design, Procurement, and
Page 353 of 5199 01/27/2018

reverse osmosis, membrane softening, manufacturing,

http://www.eswp.com
procurement, operation and maintenance_x000D_
costs
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 354 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-15 Paper
IWC-03-17 Paper
Page 355 of 5199 01/27/2018

Manufacturing
Utilizing Reverse Osmosis SCOTT B. GORRY, Ecolochem, Inc., EastHartford, CT, JOHN E. KRISTENSEN, This paper focuses on the
to Recover Waste Water Entergy Nuclear, Buchanan, NY economic benefits of utilizing
from a High Purity Water reverse osmosis, RO, to recover
Treatment System waste water generated during the
production of high purity
demineralized water at a North
American nuclear power plant. The
paper discusses the design
considerations and operational
data of the RO system. The
authors will show that the addition
of RO has_x000D_
significantly reduced the amount of
city water required to produce
demineralized water, and that the
associated cost savings pays for
the RO system and ultimately
reduces the cost to produce
demineralized water.
Utilizing Reverse Osmosis JEFF TATE, Omexell, Inc., Hatfield, PA
to Recover Waste Water
from a High Purity Water
Treatment System
Eight Years of Secondary CHUCK DALE, Ionics Incorporated, San Jose, CA Much attention has been recently
Waste Reuse In Power given to the use of municipal
Production wastewater treatment plant
Page 356 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reverse Osmosis, Waste Water Recovery

http://www.eswp.com
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http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
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Page 357 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 358 of 5199 01/27/2018

Production wastewater treatment plant
effluents as a source of industrial
and agricultural reuse water
throughout the world to satisfy the
ever-increasing demands placed
upon the worlds fresh water
resources. The utilization of
membranes on these wastewater
streams has been executed for
many years. This paper will
discuss the operational
experiences and membrane life
expectancies achieved at one of
the pioneering sites using revese
osmosis, RO, technology for
effluent reuse in power production.
The site has been in operation for
over eight years utilizing the
secondary effluent from a
municipal treatment facility as the
sole source of feedwater to a 49
megawatt natural gas turbine
power facility in Lodi California.
Eight Years of Secondary DON BOUDREAU, DAWN GUENDERT, USFilter, Plainfield, IL
Waste Reuse In Power
Production
Page 359 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 360 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-18 Paper
IWC-03-19 Report
Page 361 of 5199 01/27/2018

Microfiltration System GARRY CRAIG, Eraring Energy, Dora Creek, NSW, Australia Eraring Power Station is a
Treats Secondary Sewage 2640MW coal-fired plant operated
at Eraring Power Station by Eraring Energy. Since 1995,
Eraring Energy has operated an
effluent purification plant, known
as the Water Reclamation Plant,
WRP, which uses a combination of
microfiltration , MF, and reverse
osmosis, RO, technology to treat
secondary sewage effluent from a
local treatment works. Reclaimed
water from the WRP is then used
as feed for the station’s
demineralising plant and in
auxiliary plant areas. The WRP still
contains the original membranes
installed over eight years ago,
which is the longest operation of
membranes in an effluent reuse
application in the world.
Commissioning KUMAR JAIN, Fluor Daniel, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, ANGELO O. CANALES This report reviews challenges
Challenges for a Water RUBIO, Agua Process, Veronica Anzures, Mexico, LUCINA O. EQUIHUA during commissioning / start-up of
Treatment Plant Designed ALBARRAN, Ondeo Degremont, Mexico City, Mexico a water treatment plant fed with
to Treat Partially Treated partially treated sewage. The
Gray Water in Baja paper discusses difficulties in
California operating a Biological Treatment
Plant due to fluctuations and
Page 362 of 5199 01/27/2018

Microfiltration, Reverse Osmosis and Effluent.
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
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rder_form.html
Page 363 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-20 Report
Page 364 of 5199 01/27/2018

improvement in raw water quality,
difficulties in lime softening due to
interfering organisms present in
municipal sewage, and operation
of Reverse Osmosis membranes
using treated municipal sewage as
feed.
Monitoring of Organics BALAKRISHNAN VISWANATH, KIRAN KEKRE, GUIHE TAO, PhD., Centre for The organic transformation and
Removal in High Purity Advanced Water Technology, (A Division of Singapore Utilities International, reduction in a typical ultrapure
Water Production from Singapore) water system was investigated in
Reclaimed Sewage this study which was done with
advanced water reclamation to
recover water for use in
semiconductor industry. The
secondary effluent from the
activated sludge treatment plant
was purified by dual membrane
technologies and this reclaimed
water was taken as the feed
source for pilot performance trials
conducted for over a year on an
ultrapure water system. The
results demonstrated that ultrapure
water of the quality desired by the
semiconductor industry could be
produced reliably from the
reclaimed water.
Page 365 of 5199 01/27/2018

Organic removal, reclaimed sewage, high purity water

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 366 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-21 Paper
Page 367 of 5199 01/27/2018

The On-line Removal of GEORGE J. MINCAR, Ashland Specialty Chemical, Boonton, NJ, BRIAN R. The application of the prior
Inorganic Foulants and DAVIDSON, Ashland Specialty Chemical, Cranberry Township, PA, JOHN R. treatment program had resulted in
Conversion to a State of ROBSON, Piney Creek LP, Clarion, PA severe fouling of heat transfer
the art Alkaline Cooling surfaces and film fill at this waste-
Water Treatment Program coal fired IPP. The paper
at an Independent Power discusses the implementation of a
Producer successful strategy to remove over
six-tons of inorganic foulants prior
to the conversion to a modern
alkaline treatment program. The
proper selection of treatment
chemistries assured that system
cleanliness and corrosion
protection was maintained
throughout the process while
maximizing water, energy and
environmental benefits.
The On-line Removal of GEORGE J. MINCAR, Ashland Specialty Chemical, Boonton, NJ, BRIAN R.
Inorganic Foulants and DAVIDSON, Ashland Specialty Chemical, Cranberry Township, PA., JOHN R.
Conversion to a State of ROBSON, Piney Creek LP, Clarion, PA
the art Alkaline Cooling
Water Treatment Program
at an Independent Power
Producer
The On-line Removal of GARRY LORETITSCH, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen , CO
Inorganic Foulants and
Conversion to a State of
Page 368 of 5199 01/27/2018

On-line cleaning, alkaline cooling water treatment,
http://www.eswp.com
corrosion protection,_x000D_
cleanliness factor, energy savings, water conservation, film
rder_form.html
fill, environmental impact.
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 369 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-22 Paper
Page 370 of 5199 01/27/2018

the art Alkaline Cooling
at an Independent Power
Producer
Chemical vs. Non- KEVIN A. KITZMAN, EDWARD F. MAZIARZ, Alcoa, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, BOBBY Two non-chemical cooling water
chemical Cooling Water J. PADGETT, Alcoa, Goose Creek, SC, CHARLES D. BLUMENSCHEIN, P.E., treatment technologies, a pulsed
Treatments - A Side-by- DEE, USFilter, Pittsburgh, PA, ALAN SMITH, Consultant, Pittsburgh, PA, power system, and a
Side Comparison hydrodynamic cavitation device,
were evaluated against
conventional chemical treatment in
a detailed six-month study at
Alcoa’s Mt. Holly Works in Goose
Creek, SC. Three identical, non-
contact, evaporative coolers used
to cool air compressor systems
were used as the test sites. The
three technologies were installed
on the external 600-gpm spray
water loop in these towers. The
towers were operated at 4 – 20
cycles of concentration. Water
quality parameters, corrosion,
scaling indices, microbiological
(aerobic and anaerobic planktonic
and sessile, Legionella), and
aquatic toxicity data/results will be
presented for the different
Page 371 of 5199 01/27/2018

cooling towers, non-chemical treatment technologies,

http://www.eswp.com
chemical treatment, scale control, monitoring,
microbiological control, corrosion control
rder_form.html
Page 372 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-22D Paper
IWC-03-23 Paper
Page 373 of 5199 01/27/2018

operating conditions. Operating
cost comparisons will also be
shared.
Chemical vs. Non- ARTHUR J. FREEDMAN, PhD., Arthur Freedman & Associates, Inc., East
chemical Cooling Water Stroudsburg, PA
Treatments - a Side-by-
Side Comparison
New Stable Biodegradable MATTHIAS SCHWEINSBERG, W. HATER, J. VERDES, Henkel KGaA, The increased demand for more
Scale Inhibitor Dusseldorf, Germany sustainability of inhibitor systems
Formulations For Cooling in open cooling water circuit
Water: Development and applications has dominated much
Field Tests of the development activity in this
area in recent years.
Biodegradability has been a top
priority in this context due to ever
more restrictive legislation in
Europe regarding the discharge of
chemicals into flowing waters, but
there this a concern that this could
occur in the cooling water system.
A novel water treatment
composition counteracts the
biological degradation effect,
combining good biodegradability of
the discharged inhibitors with high
inhibition performance at low
concentrations in conjunction with
Page 374 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Cooling Water, Scale Inhibition, Biodegradability, Field Test

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 375 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-24 Report
IWC-03-25 Report
Page 376 of 5199 01/27/2018

effective biological control. We
present field tests from an
industrial plant in Germany which
clearly show the enhancement of
overall performance derived from
the full integration of scale
inhibition and biological control
treatment programs.
Utilizing Mine Water for KENNETH J. SEMMENS, DANIEL MILLER, West Virginia University, Water originating from coal mines
Aquaculture Morgantown, WV has been utilized to produce trout
for the past decade. Net pens and
raceways are used at three acid
mine discharge treatment plants.
Four commercial facilities utilizing
groundwater flowing from coal
mines in West Virginia produce
about 700,000 lb of rainbow trout
and arctic char annually.
Advanced Environmental LAWRENCE C. HALE, Drew Ameroid Singapore, Ashland Speciality Chemical Hydrocarbon and chemical
Efforts in Treating Cooling Co, Jurong, Singapore processing manufacturers are
Water Systems in the environmentally conscious and
Hydrocarbon and have undertaken efforts to
Chemical Process conserve water through recycling
Industries or reusing wastewater. Advanced
water management programs must
be applied to minimize and
eliminate potential deposition,
Page 377 of 5199 01/27/2018

Aquaculture, Trout, Arctic Char, Acid Mine Drainage, Fish

http://www.eswp.com
Farming, Mine Water, Raceway, Net Pen, Recirculating
Aquaculture
rder_form.html
Hydrocarbon Processing Industry, Chemical Processing

http://www.eswp.com
Industry, recycling, reuse, reclamation, cooling towers,
conservation, corrosion, scaling, fouling, microbiological
rder_form.html
control, zero discharge
Page 378 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-26 Report
IWC-03-27 Report
Page 379 of 5199 01/27/2018

scaling, microbiological fouling,
and corrosion problems. Case
histories describe how advanced
water management programs have
allowed plants to reduce
environmental impact and maintain
excellent production efficiencies.
Challenges in Managing DAN ROBINETTE, CH2M Hill, Englewood, CO, RICH D'AMATO, CH2M Hill, Salinity build-up in Reclaimed
Reclaimed Water Quality: Charlotte, NC, BOB HOLDEN, Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Water is an important issue to
Perspectives from the Agency, Monterey, CA suppliers and end-users alike. This
Supplier and End-User report describes an innovative
modeling tool that simulates water
quality for an entire wastewater
distribution system. A case history
is presented on how the tool is
being used to develop a salinity
management strategy.
New Process For Reusing CRAIG J. BROWN, Eco-Tec, Inc., Pickering, JON H. XIAO, Andmir In November 2002, a new facility
Produced Wastewater Environmental Hi-Tech Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, ADRIAAN VAN DER at the Liaohe Oilfield in Liaoning
BEEK, Nijhuis Water Tech., Inc., Richmond Hill, GUIHALI LI, Huayi Province, China was
Environmental Eng. Co., Ltd., Panjin, Liaoning, China commissioned to treat 20,000
m3/day of produced wastewater to
provide water quality which is
suitable as feed water for the high
pressure, once-through steam
generators. Due to the unique
composition of the influent water
Page 380 of 5199 01/27/2018

cooling water, lime softening, phosphate, Reclaimed Water,

http://www.eswp.com
reverse osmosis, salinity, wastewater, secondary
treatment, agriculture, tertiary treatment
rder_form.html
wastewater, produced water, heavy oil, steam assist,

http://www.eswp.com
dissolved air flotation, micro-media filtration,_x000D_
recycle, soften
rder_form.html
Page 381 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-28 Paper
Page 382 of 5199 01/27/2018

and very strict treatment
requirements, this process
includes flow regulation tanks,
skim tanks, DAF units, clarifiers,
walnut shell filters, micro-media
filters and WAC ion exchange
softeners. In this paper the
configuration of the system will be
described. Operating problems
and the results of the more
significant experiments and
equipment trials will also be
reviewed.
Economy of Scale: Large AMIT SENGUPTA, CHARLES J. RUNKLE, BETH A. KITTERINGHAM, A membrane contactor that can
Membrane Modules for Membrana-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC process 60% more water than
Degasification and current designs has been
Purification developed for carbon dioxide,
oxygen and other volatile gas
removal from water without
chemical addition. Larger
contactors reduce overall
Membrane System sizes and
cost/throughput ratios, making
them even more desirable than
conventional vacuum towers and
forced draft deaerators.
Economy of Scale: Large PETER S. CARTWRIGHT, PE, Cartwright Consulting Co., Minneapolis, MN
Page 383 of 5199 01/27/2018

Water, Membrane, Contactors, Modules, Degasification,

http://www.eswp.com
CO2 Removal, Purification, Vacuum Towers,_x000D_
Forced Draft Deaerators, Deionization, Deaerators
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
Page 384 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-29 Paper
IWC-03-30 Report
Page 385 of 5199 01/27/2018

Membrane Modules for
Degasification and
Purification
Optimizing the RICHARD N. FRANKS, Hydranautics, Oceanside, CA With the introduction of the newest
Performance of an RO generation of energy saving
System Containing the reverse osmosis, RO, membranes
Newest Generation of Low comes the need for optimization.
Pressure RO Membranes Using modeling and test data, this
paper will consider system design
options to take full advantage of
the membrane’s high rejection and
energy saving capabilities.
Optimizing the GLENN VICEVIC, Zenon Environmental Systems, Oakville, Ontario, Canada
Performance of an RO
System Containing the
Newest Generation of Low
Pressure RO Membranes
Metallurgical Examination STEPHEN M. McINTYRE, DOUGLAS B. DeWITT-DICK, DUNN JOSEPH Corrosion damage can lead to
of Cooling Water HOFILENA, Ashland Specialty Chemical Co. Drew Industrial Div., Boonton, NJ, untimely production upsets and
Equipment Failures costly heat exchanger equipment
failures. Metallurgical analysis can
be an effective tool in establishing
the true root cause of these
failures. This paper provides a
brief overview of corrosion
mechanisms commonly associated
with different cooling water system
Page 386 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Energy saving, low pressure, reverse osmosis, design
http://www.eswp.com
optimization
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Metallurgical Examination, Erosion-Corrosion, Copper

http://www.eswp.com
Corrosion, Selective Leaching, Pitting, Crevice Corrosion,
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion, Stress-Corrosion
rder_form.html
Cracking
Page 387 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-31 Report
Page 388 of 5199 01/27/2018

with different cooling water system
failures. Several case histories are
included to illustrate the
importance of the laboratory
examination in achieving proper
diagnosis and effective corrective
actions.
Part per Billion RICHARD W. PRESLEY, Hach Company, Loveland, Co The maximum contamination limit,
Determination of Chlorine MCL, for chlorine in cooling water
in Cooling Water discharges is in many locations
Discharge and Feed Water being driven down to the low part
per billion range when NPDES
permits are renewed. Additionally,
for reverse osmosis, RO,
membrane protection chlorine
must be measurable to very low
ppb levels. Existing colorimetric-
based instruments and manual
amperometric titration platforms do
not meet the required detection
limits, or do not give the routinef
accuracy, precision, and ease-of-
use required. A bench-top
laboratory amperometric
autotitrator for total chlorine has a
method detection limit of 1.2 µg/L
total chlorine. This paper includes
Page 389 of 5199 01/27/2018

ppb chlorine measurement; µg/L chlorine determination;

http://www.eswp.com
amperometric titration; DPD; PAO
rder_form.html
Page 390 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-41~6
IWC-03-32 Paper
Page 391 of 5199 01/27/2018

a summary and comparison of
existing residual chlorine test
methods and instrumentation
options
Use of Silicates as Stericker, W.
Corrosion Inhibitors
The Application of PETER J. MILLETT, JOSEPH D. BATES, DENNIS F. HUSSEY, iSagacity, Half The use of computers to aid in
Simulation and Diagnostic Moon Bay, CA data collection and troubleshooting
Systems to Water in power plants and other industrial
Treatment In Power Plants processes has been practiced for
and Industrial Steam many years. More recently, the
Cycles use of sophisticated simulation
tools and expert systems have
been developed and applied
successfully to aid in the
optimization of water chemistry
programs and overall plant
operation. In this paper, the use of
these tools to provide real-time
decision support, provide early
warning of abnormal conditions,
and to improve overall plant
communications and awareness is
described.
The Application of OTAKAR JONAS, LEE MACHEMER, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, DE
Simulation and Diagnostic
Page 392 of 5199 01/27/2018

Corrosion Control - General, Public Water Supply

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Software, Simulation, Steam Cycle Diagnostics, Expert
http://www.eswp.com
Systems
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
Page 393 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-33 Paper
Page 394 of 5199 01/27/2018

Simulation and Diagnostic
Systems to Water
Treatment In Power Plants
and Industrial Steam
Cycles
From Raw Water Analysis JULIUS ISAAC, LAWRENCE GASPER, KUMAR SINHA Bechtel Power Today’s water treatment system
to Steam Purity - Corporation, Frederick, MD designer, engineer, and end-user
Challenges and Solutions face many challenges in achieving
the desired water quality and
steam purity with the available
water sources. Water resources
are getting more and more scarce,
as power plants are increasingly
being forced to use lower quality
water sources and to minimize the
amount of water withdrawn. The
major challenges are to obtain the
proper design basis without over-
or under-specifying; implement the
best, most suitable and cost-
effective technology; achieve water
and steam purity consistently; and
insure plant equipment life and
environmental compliance.
From Raw Water Analysis JAMES C. BELLOWS, Siemens Westinghouse, Orlando, FL
to Steam Purity -
Challenges and Solutions
Page 395 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Water sources, gray water, colloidal silica, TOC, UF, ion

http://www.eswp.com
exchange, WAC, steam purity, start-up
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 396 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-34 Paper
Page 397 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chemical Cleaning of an MO D. MAJNOUNI, Aramco Services Company, Houston, TX, ARIF E. JAFFER, The internal surfaces of a boiler in
Industrial Boiler - An Baker Petrolite Corporation, Sugar Land, TX contact with water and steam must
Overview be kept clean and free of deposits
to assure efficient heat transfer in
the generation of steam. This
paper discusses when and how to
chemically clean a boiler. There
are several methods that can be
used to determine the need to
chemically clean a boiler. The high
heat flux boiler tube surfaces
mainly consist of magnetite and
copper. The paper outlines cost
effective cleansing solvents for
chemically cleaning boilers with
magnetite and copper deposits.
The chemical cleaning has to be
well planned. Criterion for
determining the success of a
chemical procedure and the
effectiveness of the solvent in
dissolving the deposit is covered in
detail.
Chemical Cleaning of an MARK A. JANICK, P.E., Bechtel Power Corp., Frederick, MD
Industrial Boiler - An
Overview
Page 398 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
chemical cleaning, industrial boilers, efficiency of boilers,
http://www.eswp.com
steam generators, overview of chemical_x000D_
cleaning, cleaning solvents, acid cleaning, neutralization,
rder_form.html
alkaline boilout, passivation
http://www.eswp.com
Page 399 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-35 Report
IWC-03-36 Paper
Page 400 of 5199 01/27/2018

Overview
Basis for Characterization JOHN H. BARBER, DAVID F. TESSIER, E-Cell Corporation, Guelph, Ontario, Reverse osmosis followed by
of Performance of EDI Canada electrodeionization, RO/EDI, is
Devices used in an increasing number of
industrial water systems. Several
EDI technologies with different
design and operating
characteristics are currently
available to designers of water
treatment systems. The present
report provides a consistent basis
for comparing EDI technologies,
taking into account key design and
operating parameters.
Improvement in TED PRATO, Ionics, Inc., Watertown, MA,, JEFF PURVIS, Hinds Energy, BRIAN Two mobile ultrapure water, UPW,
Performance at Two AHEARN, Maine Independence Power systems have been supplying
Power Plants using EDI ultrapure make-up water needs of
two new gas-fired power plants.
These systems replaced earlier
new systems that could not meet
performance specifications in part
because of inadequate
pretreatment. Process trains and
performance data are shown and
discussed.
Improvement in CHERYL G. SAWYER, Cogentrix, Suffolk, VA
Page 401 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
CEDI, EDI, Characterization, E-Factor, Energy
http://www.eswp.com
Consumption,_x000D_
Electrodeionization, Normalization.
rder_form.html
Electrodeionization, Silica, EDI, Ultrapure Water

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
Page 402 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-37 Report
IWC-03-44 Paper
Page 403 of 5199 01/27/2018

Performance at Two
Power Plants using EDI
Field Experience with New JONATHAN WOOD, US Filter, Lowell, MA, ERIN WESTBERG, Alliant Energy, A new continuous
CEDI Module Design Cedar Rapids, IA, DENNIS BLACKBOURN, Wisconsin Power & Light, Cassville, electrodeionization, CEDI, module
WI, design employs advances such as
O-ring seals, layered resin beds,
and resin-filled reject
compartments to prevent external
leaking, reduce electrical
resistance and simplify system
design. This report describes a
system operating at a power plant
for about two years in place of a
counter-current demineralizer.
15 years of Crud, PHILIP K. HAZEN, Texas Municipal Power Agency, Bryan, TX, VANCE LUMME, Since 1988, a 3,340,000 lbs/hr,
Corrosion, and Oxygen Ondeo Nalco, Houston, TX 2800 psi boiler with copper/nickel
Control using tubes in the main condenser, has
Carbohyrazide in Boiler been using carbohydrazide for
Feedwater at a 480 MW water treatment to replace toxic
Power Plant and carcinogenic hydrazine.
Problems with carbohydrazide
were studied and successfully
handled. Testing over the years
has established detailed histories
of control information. This paper
summarizes solutions to these
problems with amply documented
Page 404 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Electrodeionization, CEDI, ultrapure water, thick cell,
http://www.eswp.com
layered bed, silica
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 405 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-47~11
IWC-03-38 Paper
Page 406 of 5199 01/27/2018

problems with amply documented
results.
Silica Removal by an Calise, V. J., Lane, M.
Improved Ion-Exchange
Method
Nanofiltration Followed by PETER K. ERIKSSON, GE Osmonics, Vista, CA, , WILLIAM K. TAYLOR, The paper describes pilot plant
Reverse Osmosis of Saskferco Products, Inc., Belle Plaine, SK, Canada, IAN SCARTH, GE Betz, testing, and the performance and
Cooling Water Blowdown Regina, SK, Canada trouble shooting of a full-scale
to Achieve Zero Liquid membrane system, consisting of
Discharge nanofiltration followed by reverse
osmosis, for concentration of
cooling water blowdown. Problems
arose because the water
composition changed during full-
scale operation. Organics in the
demineralized water, which was
used for cleaning and flushing of
the membrane elements, fouled
the reverse osmosis membrane,
and increasing silica concentration
in the feed caused silica
precipitation in the reverse
osmosis elements. Later, the
cooling water quality deteriorated
so the plugging of the cartridge
filters and fouling of the
nanofiltration elements became
Page 407 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cooling water blowdown, Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration,

http://www.eswp.com
Zero liquid discharge
rder_form.html
Page 408 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-39 Paper
Page 409 of 5199 01/27/2018

excessive.
Nanofiltration Followed by WILLIAM MOORE, Calpine, Houston, TX

Reverse Osmosis of
Cooling Water Blowdown
to Achieve Zero Liquid
Discharge
Process Selection for CHARLES H. FRITZ, MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation, Zero liquid discharge, (ZLD, plant
Power Plant ZLD Systems Overland Park, KS designs are becoming
commonplace in the power
industry. Environmental restrictions
on discharges, limitations on water
supplies, and the need to expedite
permitting of generation facilities
are contributing factors. This paper
addresses the selection process
from the perspective of an
engineering-procurement-
construction contractor. The
advantages and disadvantages of
alternative processes are
presented. Factors considered
include local environmental
regulations, meteorology, supply
water chemistry, plant operating
protocol, delivery schedule,
constructability, sensitivity to water
balance upsets, capital costs,
Page 410 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Brine concentration, crystallization, reverse osmosis,

http://www.eswp.com
wastewater treatment, water management, zero_x000D_
liquid discharge
rder_form.html
Page 411 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-40 Paper
Page 412 of 5199 01/27/2018

O&M costs, staffing requirements,
reliability, and contractor risk.
Process Selection for CHARLES H. FRITZ, MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation,
Power Plant ZLD Systems Overland Park, KS
Process Selection for WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Wayne C. Micheletti, Inc., Charlottesville, VA

Power Plant ZLD Systems
Integrated Approach to DAVE CISZEWSKI, Ionics RCC, Bellevue, WA This paper discusses the design
Water/Wastewater process and experiences of
Treatment at a Zero selected integrated zero liquid
Discharge, Combined discharge, water/wastewater
Cycle Power Plants treatment systems at power plants.
Typically, the cooling tower
treatment, demineralizer, and zero
liquid discharge, ZLD, equipment
are specified and designed
independently for new plants. Two
case studies with integrated
treatment systems will be
presented and reviewed.
Integrated Approach to RONALD D. NEUFELD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Water/Wastewater
Treatment at a Zero
Discharge, Combined
Cycle Power Plants
Page 413 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Zero liquid discharge (ZLD),_x000D_
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cooling tower, softening, reverse osmosis (RO), brine
concentrator (BC), evaporator, crystallizer, demineralizer,
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electrodeionization (EDI).
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Page 414 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-41 Report
IWC-03-42 Report
Page 415 of 5199 01/27/2018

Boron Removal with Ion DONALD D. DOWNEY, The Purolite Company, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, In this technical report presents
Exchange Resin MICHAEL WUNSCH,Ondeo Industrial Solution GmbH (Degremont), Stuttgart, data from two key studies using
Germany chelating ion exchange resin for
effective and efficient boron
removal. The first is a project of
treating wastewater from a power
plant in Turkey with a boron level
of 30 ppm; the second is an
ultrapure water pilot study to
remove low levels of boron down
to non-detectable levels. The
report shares data on effects of
pH, interference from other
competing ions and best methods
of resin regeneration. The
ultrapure water study also shows
the low levels of TOC obtainable
from a ultrapure water version of
the resin.
THM Destruction by JASON P. BUFE, Ecolochem, Inc., East Hartford, CT This report will focus on the use of
UV/Ozone in RO Ultraviolet/Ozone to facilitate the
Permeate to Facilitate destruction of trihalomethanes
Removal Downstream be ,THM, in reverse osmosis, RO,
Ion Exchange permeate in an out-sourced high
purity water treatment system.
Data, collected from a small side
stream Ultraviolet/Ozone pilot
Page 416 of 5199 01/27/2018

Boron, Ion exchange,_x000D_
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boron selective chelating resins,_x000D_
ultrapure water
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Trihalomethanes, Chloroform, Bromodichloromethane,

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Ozone, Ultrviolet, Hydroxyl Radicals.
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Page 417 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-43 Paper
IWC-41~7
IWC-03-45 Paper
Page 418 of 5199 01/27/2018

unit_x000D_
at a northeastern nuclear power
plant, will be presented and design
considerations discussed._x000D_
These will focus on the efficiency
of Ultraviolet/Ozoneto remove
THM levels occurring in
chlorinated city water.
Arsenic Reduction From a BILL SAULSBERRY, Ecolochem, Inc., Baytown, TX, RICHARD M. MODE, This paper focusses on arsenic
Contaminated Cooling Ecolochem, Inc., St. Peters, MO reduction from a contaminated
Tower Basin cooling tower basin by
coagulation/filtration followed by
ion exchange to meet a less than
50 ppb discharge limit. The arsenic
reduction system will cover arsenic
chemistry, ferric chloride
introduction, granular activated
carbon, and strong base anion in
the chloride form.
Arsenic Reduction From a JAMES C. DROMGOOLE, Fort Bend Services, Inc., Stafford, TX
Contaminated Cooling
Tower Basin
Chromate Corrosion Darrin, M.

Inhibitors
Troubleshooting Water MARK A.JANICK, PE., P. KUMAR SINHA, ALLAN FARBER, Bechtel Power The water treatment systems that
Page 419 of 5199 01/27/2018

arsenate, arsenite, ferric chloride, coagulation, filtration, ion

http://www.eswp.com
exchange, selectivity, strong base anion, oxidation
reduction potential, granular activated carbon.
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Corrosion Control - Aluminum, Corrosion Control - Copper
http://www.eswp.com
Alloy,Corrosion Control - General
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Troubleshooting, water quality, organics, water treatment
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 421 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment Systems Corporation, Frederick, MD are supplied under lump sum
contracts are very different than
“customized” systems that were
supplied to traditional electric
power utilities years ago. These
systems have been “optimized”– to
meet the contract specifications
and the most competitive price.
The result is a plant more difficult
to troubleshoot than previous
generations, with significantly
fewer margins to respond to
variations in raw water quality. This
is particularly important during the
startup phase of a project when
the water treatment plant is being
operated and tested under non-
typical conditions. A survey of
water treatment system suppliers
was conducted that included a
discussion of troubleshooting in
these optimized water treatment
systems. The results of that survey
are presented to uncover issues
which cause startup problems that
require troubleshooting to provide
for a fully functional and operating
Page 422 of 5199 01/27/2018

plant startup, pre-treatment
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Page 423 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-46 Paper
IWC-03-47 Paper
Page 424 of 5199 01/27/2018

water treatment system.
Troubleshooting Water DAVID G. DANIELS, M&M Engineering, Austin, TX

Treatment Systems
Does Your Deaerator JACK B. PRATT, SIP Consultants, Inc. - Consultant to Altair Equipment Co., Inc., All deaerators are not created
Really Work? Ft. Worth, TX, ORIN HOLLANDER, Ph.D., Holland Technologies, Inc., Jamison, equal; with some designs,
PA operating costs can exceed
purchase price in a few years.
Internal design can greatly affect
the extent to which oxygen can be
removed at minimum cost. Design
should encompass the coldest
water conditions to be encountered
throughout the year, not some
idealized parameters. Proper initial
selection can eliminate the need to
make design corrections in the
field.
Does Your Deaerator ROBERT HOLLOWAY, Holloway Associates, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
Really Work?
An Innovative Approach to CHARLES D. BLUMENSCHEIN, P.E. DEE, KASHI BANERJEE, PH.D., P.E., A laboratory-scale study was
High Rate Softening DEE, MARK DI NARDO, ERICA BLUMENSCHEIN, USFilter - North American conducted to determine the
Technology Center, Pittsburgh, PA viability of a ballasted sand
flocculation technology for treating
hard industrial wastewater. The
Page 425 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Deaerator, Condensate, Oxygen Removal, Boiler Feed
http://www.eswp.com
Water, Heater, Water Treatment
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softening, high rate clarification, calcium, magnesium and
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silica removal
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Page 426 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-03-48 Report
Page 427 of 5199 01/27/2018

study was conducted in three
phases. The first phase treated a
calcium-based influent; the
second, magnesium and silica;
and the third, a combination of the
three. The system was found to
provide high rate softening,
significantly reducing treatment
time and improving effluent quality.
Furthermore, the system
performed well under a variety of
concentrations and process
conditions.
An Innovative Approach to J. C. DROMGOOLE, Fort Bend Services, Inc., Stafford, Texas, USA
High Rate Softening
Meeting Semiconductor ROBERT A. ESCOBEDO, JUDY PUCKETT, Ecolochem, Inc., Norfolk, VA A semiconductor firm contracted a
FAB Quality With Mobile temporary water treatment system
Equipment to provide polishing loop make-up
water during capital system
upgrades at one of their
manufacturing plants. The process
design included double pass
reverse osmosis, RO,, gas
transfer membranes, GTM,
electrodeionization, EDI, ion
exchange, IX, polishing, and final
Page 428 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Semiconductor, Reverse Osmosis (RO), Gas Transfer
http://www.eswp.com
Membranes (GTM),_x000D_
Electrodeionization (EDI), Ion Exchange (IX), Resistivity,
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Temporary Service Equipment
Page 429 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-01 Paper
Page 430 of 5199 01/27/2018

exchange, IX, polishing, and final
cartridge filtration. This report
provides data showing that make-
up water quality consistently
exceeded plant specifications for
conductivity, TOC, silica, and
dissolved oxygen. The system
continuously produced 18 m-cm
resistivity water, dispelling a
common belief that temporary
water treatment systems cannot
provide suitable primary make-up
water to the semiconductor
industry.
None PETER J. CENSKY, Water Quality Association, (WQA), Lisle, IL
Current Ideas for Water Panel Moderator: Deborah Bloom, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Chemistry Control and
Operation of HRSG's:
Transcript
Pros and Cons of Amine Panel Moderator: Deborah Bloom, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Use in Industrial and Utility
Power Plants: Transcript
Risk Assessment: The ANDREW COOPER, HOWARD BARNES, NOEL CHRISTOPHER, THOMAS The risk associated with
Essential First Step in LINDLEY, ERIC MYERS, Nalco Company Water and Core Technologies and waterborne pathogenic
Legionellosis Risk Environmental Hygiene Services, Naperville, IL microorganisms is of significant
Reduction concern to public health
Page 431 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
None
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Page 432 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-01D Report
Page 433 of 5199 01/27/2018

authorities, facility owners and
managers responsible for the
operation of industrial, commercial
and building water systems.
Concern on this issue has led
various industrial associations and
government bodies to formulate
Legionella control guidelines.
However, determining how these
guidelines apply to specific
systems and implementing
controls for an entire facility can be
complex. Developing a
comprehensive risk management
plan for waterborne pathogens
ensures that resources are applied
most efficiently for reducing risks.
This paper describes a practical
approach to risk assessment for
legionellosis, including factors to
be included in an assessment:
benchmarking risk among
systems, a process by which the
risks associated with Legionella
can be reduced long-term, and
guidance on risk communication.
Risk Assessment: The ARTHUR J. FREEDMAN, Ph.D., Arthur Freedman Associates, Inc., East
Page 434 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-04-02 Paper
Page 436 of 5199 01/27/2018

Essential First Step in Stroudsburg, PA
Legionellosis Risk
Reduction
Cooling Tower Water PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO Cooling water systems have been
Systems and Legionnaires' the source of Legionella bacteria
Disease: Lessons Learned proliferation since the 1976
from Recent USA_x000D_ outbreak. But why? Case histories
Incidents and Outbreaks are identified as to what happened,
and the Corrective Actions what action plan was implemented,
That Should Be Taken and what can be done to minimize
this problem in the future. The
case histories include HVAC,
industrial, and utility evaporative
cooling water systems. The
industries represented are
hospitals, chemical plants, power
plants, petroleum refineries, and
plastics molding facilities. The
incorporation of new technologies
in control and testing has greatly
improved. Guidelines are provided
to be considered by both end
users and suppliers of water
treatment services.
Cooling Tower Water CHRISTOPHER J. NALEPA, Ph.D., Albemarle Corporation, Baton Rouge, LA
Systems and Legionnaires'
Disease: Lessons Learned
Page 437 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 438 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-04 Paper
Page 439 of 5199 01/27/2018

Disease: Lessons Learned
from Recent USA_x000D_
Incidents and Outbreaks
and the Corrective Actions
That Should Be Taken
Mobile Wastewater BILL PERPICH JR., USFilter, Tampa, FL; CHRIS SOULE, USFilter, The Piney Point fertilizer plant in
Treatment Helps Schaumburg, IL; SAM ZAMANI, P.E., Florida Department of Environmental Palmetto, Florida, has been one of
Remediate Highly Protection, Phosphate Management, Tampa, FL; LOUIS TIMCHAK, Attorney, the most publicized environmental
Concentrated Acidic Pond Lutz, FL; GARY UEBELHOER, Environmental Consulting & Technology, Tampa, cleanup projects during the past
Water at Piney Point FL; LNSP NAGGHAPPAN, ROBERT HELWICK, Veolia Water Systems, four years Inactive since 1999,
Fertilizer Plant, Florida Pittsburgh, PA and managed by the state of
Florida since 2001 after a declared
bankruptcy, the plant used millions
of gallons of water in producing
phosphate based fertilizers. When
in operation, process water was
managed using a series of ponds
that acted as the heat sink for plant
operations. This case study will
explain the operation of a
phosphoric acid/fertilizer complex,
how the wastewater problem
occurred, and will discuss why RO
and other technologies were
chosen. Challenges encountered
during RO system startup, and
treatment results including raw
Page 440 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Double Lime Treatment, Gyp Stack, Phosphogypsum,

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Reverse Osmosis, Wastewater & Recycle
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IWC-04-05 Paper
IWC-04-06 Paper
Page 442 of 5199 01/27/2018

water and treated water data, will
also be discussed.
Mobile Wastewater COLLEEN M. KULICK, Parsons E & C, Reading, PA
Treatment Helps
Remediate Highly
Concentrated Acidic Pond
Water at Piney Point
Fertilizer Plant, Florida
Phased Municipal BUKURU GODEFROID, YANG JIAN , Tongji University, Shanghai, China A study on a pilot plant
Sewage/Sludge accomplishing phased municipal
Stabilization sewage/sludge stabilization was
conducted at a municipal sewage
treatment plant. This was achieved
in three-step process: anaerobic
reactor, roughing filter and a
microbial-earthworm ecofilter
utilizing an artificial ecosystem to
degrade and stabilize the sewage
and sludge. The whole system
realizes the zero emission of the
primary settling sludge.
Phased Municipal LEE A. LUNDBERG, Veolia Water, Moon Township, PA
Sewage/Sludge
Stabilization
Dissolved Air Flotation: A WILLIAM E. HAAS, Ecolochem, Inc., An Ionics Company, Norfolk, VA; ADRIAAN This paper reports the ongoing
Proven Technology VAN DER BEEK, Nijhuis Water Technology, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada; success of a current installation,
Making Inroads in GREG BARTLEY, TVA, Nashville, TN the pilot work for a subsequent
Page 443 of 5199 01/27/2018
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Municipal sewage, microorganisms, sludge, earthworms,

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phased treatment.
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filtration, clarification, DAF, dissolved air flotation, floatation
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Page 444 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-07 Paper
Page 445 of 5199 01/27/2018

Making Inroads in GREG BARTLEY, TVA, Nashville, TN the pilot work for a subsequent
Industrial Clarification installation and the progress of the
full flow installation based on the
pilot work. Dissolved air flotation,
DAF performance is reported on
varying raw water turbidity.
Downstream reverse osmosis, RO,
performance and membrane
fouling will also be investigated
compared to lamella clarification.
Dissolved Air Flotation: A MARK JANICK, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
Proven Technology
Making Inroads in
Industrial Clarification
High Rate Compressible WILLIAM D. KUNZMAN, Schreiber LLC, Trussville, AL An innovative filter involving the
Media Filtration use of a synthetic porous filter
media was tested for more than
two years at the University of
California at Davis. The filter is
unusual in a number of ways: (1)
the synthetic filtering media is
highly porous (85 percent), (2) the
porosity (void ratio) of the filter bed
and media can be modified, (3) the
porosity of the filter media is
variable along the bed depth, (4) to
clean the filter, the porosity (size)
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Compressible Media, Filtration, Synthetic Media

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IWC-04-08 Paper
IWC-04-09 Paper
Page 448 of 5199 01/27/2018

of the filter bed is increased
mechanically, and (5) the filter
operates at very high filtration
rates (25 to 40 gpm/ft2).
High Rate Compressible MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation, Overland Park, KS
Media Filtration
Hollow Fiber UF Pilot DAVE CHRISTOPHERSEN, CROWN Solutions, Inc., Vandalia, OH A pilot ultrafiltration, UF, system
Testing Procedures & was built for testing of hollow fiber
Case Studies UF membrane technology for
industrial applications. Uses
include: determining effectiveness
of the technology, chemistry
requirements of th UF feedwater,
reliable flux rates, backwash
frequencies and chemically
enhanced backwash, CEB, and
develop system design for full-
scale operation. Case studies will
be presented.
Hollow Fiber UF Pilot JERRY ALEXANDER, USFilter, La Canada, CA
Testing Procedures &
Case Studies
The Use of Short Bed Ion MICHAEL SHEEDY, Eco-Tec Inc., Pickering, Ontario, Canada; PETER G. This paper describes a novel triple
Exchange Technology for KUTZORA, We Energies, Fossil Operations, Milwaukee, WI short-bed ion exchange installation
the Production of High that utilizes columns fully packed
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Page 450 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-10 Paper
Page 451 of 5199 01/27/2018

Purity Water at with compressed fine mesh resin
WE_x000D_ to produce 0.1 micromho/cm.
Energies' Pleasant Prairie water with less than 4 ppb silica.
Power Plant Pretreatment to remove
suspended solids is crucial to the
successful operation of this packed
bed ion exchange system. At this
installation, Lake Michigan feed
water with turbidity values as high
as 100 NTU is treated by a high
efficiency dual-media filter. Direct
inline injection of inorganic and
polymer coagulants is used
together with a unique micro-
filtration media to ensure a filtrate
quality of 0.1 NTU.
The Use of Short Bed Ion AL NEBRIG, Southern Company Services, Hoover, AL
Exchange Technology for
the Production of High
Purity Water at
WE_x000D_
Energies' Pleasant Prairie
Power Plant
Developing a JCAHO JAY FARMERIE, Cyrus Rice Water Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA Prevention of infections acquired
Program and Action while in the hospital is one of the
Manual for Legionella major safety initiatives the Joint
Commission on Accreditation of
Page 452 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 453 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 454 of 5199 01/27/2018

Healthcare Organizations, JCAHO,
is concerned about. Thus JCAHO
has required that hospitals
establish specific plans to control
infectious disease. Legionella is
considered one of these infectious
diseases and to reduce the risk of
or prevent infection or outbreaks, a
strategy of control needs to be
developed by every hospital. As
with any strategy, it should be
documented in a Program Manual
which should include: Evaluation of
potential risk areas in facilities,
planning and implementation of
preventive measures, sampling
and testing to verify risk, determine
when to take corrective actions,
who will be responsible for
determining when these actions
need to be taken and who will
actually conduct these actions.
The qualifications/ certifications of
those individuals
responsible_x000D_
must be listed; communication of
risk among Facility Management,
Page 455 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 456 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-11 Paper
Page 457 of 5199 01/27/2018

Infection Control and_x000D_
Medical Professionals, what the
facility will do if an outbreak
occurs, including who will be
notified and what actions will be
taken
Developing a JCAHO MATTHEW R. FREIJE, HC Information Resources, Fallbrook, CA
Program and Action
Manual for Legionella
Evaluation of Chlorine GREGORY BOVA, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, PAUL SHARPE, The Johns Hopkins Hospital in
Dioxide in Potable Water Water Chemical Service, Inc., Aberdeen, MD, TIM KEANE, Legionella Risk 1999 began to evaluate the safety
Systems for Legionella Management, Chalfont, PA and efficacy of chlorine dioxide for
Control in an Acute Legionella control in an acute care
Care_x000D_ potable water system. The
Hospital Environment evaluation included chlorine
dioxide, its by-products and their
impact on Legionella and
pathogenic bacteria, biofilm,
medical and laboratory filtration
systems, corrosion rates and the
environment. Extensive Legionella
and pathogenic bacterial culturing
and analysis performed during this
study are presented, clearly
showing the effect of chlorine
dioxide. The hospital’s approach to
compliance and monitoring
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Page 459 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-12 Report
Page 460 of 5199 01/27/2018

compliance and monitoring
requirements as mandated by the
Maryland Department of the
Environment, MDE, permit and
EPA are outlined in the paper. The
paper also discusses the
application of chlorine dioxide for
remediation of potable water
systems (cold and hot)
contaminated with bacteria.
Evaluation of Chlorine GREGORY BOVA, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, PAUL SHARPE,
Dioxide in Potable Water Water Chemical Service, Inc., Aberdeen, MD, TIM KEANE, Legionella Risk
Systems for Legionella Management, Chalfont, PA
Control in an Acute
Care_x000D_
Hospital Environment
Evaluation of Chlorine MARK HODGSON, Clayton Environmental, Edison, NJ
Dioxide in Potable Water
Systems for Legionella
Control in an Acute
Care_x000D_
Hospital Environment
Chlorine Dioxide for ZHE ZHANG, RADISAV D. VIDIC, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh - School of Chlorine dioxide has been used
Legionella Control in a Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, CAROLE McCANN, ROBERT E. HAWKS, JAMES recently in the U.S. as an
Hospital Water System: McELROY, STEVE PIESCZNSKI,, RAYMOND BISSON, Mercy Hospital, approach for disinfection of
Monitoring for Buffalo, NY, JANET STOUT, PH.D., Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, hospital water systems to prevent
Disinfection_x000D_ Pittsburgh, PA hospital-acquired Legionnaires’
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Chlorine dioxide, Legionella, disinfection byproducts

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Page 462 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-13 Report
Page 463 of 5199 01/27/2018

By-Products disease. The Environmental
Protection Agency Maximum
Residual Disinfectant Level for
chlorine dioxide is 0.8 mg/L. The
disinfection byproducts of chlorine
dioxide are chlorite and chlorate
anions. The EPA Maximum
Contaminant Level, EPA MCL, for
chlorite is 1.0 mg/L. The levels of
chlorite and chlorate generated
during continuous chlorine dioxide
disinfection of hospital water
system have not been well studied.
In an ongoing prospective study,
we evaluated the efficacy of
chlorine dioxide injected into the
cold water main at 0.5-0.7 mg/L. to
control Legionella in a hospital
water system and measured levels
of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and
chlorate anions.
Legionnaires’ Disease: BRIAN G. SHELTON, MPH, PathCon Laboratories, Norcross, GA Some of the significant
Where are we after 27 achievements in the advancement
years of study? of knowledge for Legionnaires’
disease over the last few decades
are reviewed, as well as the
significant limitations and
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IWC-47~12
IWC-04-15 Report
Page 466 of 5199 01/27/2018

shortcomings that hamper the true
prevention of this disease.
An Update of Reuse Water JAMES C. DROMGOOLE, Fort Bend Services, Inc., Stafford, TX_x000D_
Experiences in Cooling IWC-09-47D
Tower Water Systems
Liquid Chemical Feed Sheen, R. T.

Systems
The Cost of Water in an JUSTIN R. MOSES, P.E., SCOTT A. GRIECO, PE, O'Brien & Gere Engineers, A multifaceted approach was used
Arid Climate: Water Inc., Syracuse, NY to process water treatment and
Conservation and Reuse - source segregation of wastewater
Source Segregation for focused treatment and reuse
and_x000D_ for a green-field television tube
Treatment manufacturing project located in
northern Mexico. The relative cost
of recycle was balanced against
the influent well water costs, while
considering the recycle water
quality needed for production. The
program included wastewater
source sampling from an existing
production plant in the US, and
European plant operating data.
Bench-scale treatability testing
was conducted to obtain data for
water treatment, wastewater
treatment, and recycle
performance, which were used to
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Page 468 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-16 Report
IWC-04-19 Report
Page 469 of 5199 01/27/2018

performance, which were used to
select appropriate treatment and
size selected equipment.
Water Reuse Experience PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO Petroleum refineries are excellent
in Petroleum Refineries' facilities for fresh water
Cooling Tower Water replacement and water
Systems - conservation with “used” waters.
Lessons_x000D_ This use can be for cooling towers,
Learned boilers, and process water. The
cooling tower water systems at
these facilities are often the largest
users due to water consumption by
evaporation and extensive use of
the cooling tower systems.
Numerous refineries are using
“used” waters .We will primarily
address evaporative cooling water
systems, the considerations for
successful water reuse, and the
lessons learned during numerous
applications in petroleum
refineries’ cooling tower water
systems. It is important to identify
the “used” water quality that can
be considered for reuse.
Demonstration of an On- JEFFERY TEAGUE, Indianapolis Power and Light , Petersburg, IN, ROB Indianapolis Power and Light
site Electrolytic LAWLER, TIMOTHY KEISTER, ProChemTech International, Inc., Brockway, PA, Company decided to undertake a
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IWC-04-20 Paper
Page 472 of 5199 01/27/2018

Hypobromite Generator at full scale test of a recently
a Power Generation developed, electrolytic process for
Station on-site generation of hypobromite
to replace chlorine gas used in the
cooling towers serving 1100 MW of
generation capacity, We will
present details on water quality
and cooling tower specifications,
hypobromite unit specifications,
and review baseline and trial
results to determine the efficacy
and economics of the on-site
hypobromite process as compared
to gas chlorine.
Zebra Mussels in an DAN BUTTS, ASI Group Ltd., Orchard Park, NY Zebra mussels have been present
Industrial Setting: A in North American waters for
Portable Control Option almost two decades. Mussels have
been eradicated from industrial
facilities by performing on-site
turnkey control programs for more
than fifty facilities annually. This
paper will discuss details of
treatment protocols.
Zebra Mussels in an RAYMOND M. POST, P.E. GE Water Process Technologies, Trevose, PA
Industrial Setting: A
Portable Control Option
Page 473 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-04-21 Paper
IWC-04-22 Paper
Page 475 of 5199 01/27/2018

On-Site Chlorine Dioxide: MAREK NOWOSIELSKI, International Dioxcide, Inc., A Dupont Company, North This paper details recent advances
A Review of Uses, Safety, Kingstown, RI and address issues concerning the
and New Processes following areas that have been
responsible for the limited use of
chlorine dioxide by cooling system
operators: confusing
nomenclature; a diverse selection
of generation chemistries and
delivery equipment; concerns
about safety; a lack of
understanding of the application
performance; and limited analytical
techniques.
On-Site Chlorine Dioxide: LEONARD R. OLAVESSEN, Buckman Laboratories International, Inc., Memphis,
A Review of Uses, Safety, TN
and New Processes
Non-Chemical Devices: TIMOTHY KEISTER, ProChemTech International, Inc., Brockway, PA Non-Chemical Devices, NCD,
Thirty Years of Myth have been marketed for control of
Busting scale, corrosion, deposition, and
biological growth in boiler and
cooling tower systems for over fifty
(50) years. During this time period,
numerous devices based upon
various magnetic, electromagnetic,
electrostatic, catalytic, and
mechanical theories of operation
have been proposed and installed
Page 476 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chlorine Dioxide, Anti-microbial, Biocide, Biofilm, Cooling
http://www.eswp.com
Water, On-Site Generation
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non-chemical device, cooling water treatment
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Page 477 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-23 Paper
Page 478 of 5199 01/27/2018

have been proposed and installed
in a great variety of water systems,
with generally unacceptable
results. The various NCD
technologies in the area of cooling
water treatment are examinedin
the area of cooling water treatment
by: comparing the theories
advanced to explain their operation
with accepted scientific principals,
providing a critical look at the
actual chemistry behind some
testimonials, discussing the
reasons behind the continuing
market acceptance of NCD,
reviewing several specific case
history installations complete with
analytical data..
Non-Chemical Devices: EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Drew Industrial Division of Ashland Canada Corp.,
Thirty Years of Myth Ajax, Ontario, Canada
Busting
Applications of Immersed JAMES W. HOTCHKIES, P.Eng., ZENON Environmental Inc., Oakville, Ontario, The treatment of wastewater to
Membrane Bioreactor Canada reuse quality has become one of
Technology for Advanced the most critical issues of water
On-site Wastewater management. While Immersed
Treatment & Water Reuse Membrane Bioreactor, IMBR,
technology is a relatively recent
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Page 481 of 5199 01/27/2018

technology is a relatively recent
approach to the treatment of
wastewater to advanced reuse
standards in many locations, it has
been applied extensively
throughout North America &
Europe for over ten years. The
IMBR process treats highly
variable and high-strength
wastewater to advanced quality
levels and maximizes the potential
for water reuse.
Applications of Immersed JOHN SCHUBERT, P.E., EnCoss, Monroeville, PA
Membrane Bioreactor
Technology for Advanced
On-site Wastewater
Treatment & Water Reuse
HRSG Chemistry DAVID G. DANIELS, Mechanical & Materials Engineering, LLC, Austin, TX The ASME Research and
Guidelines Technology Committee on Water
and Steam in Thermal Power
Systems is finalizing their heat
recovery steam generator, HRSG
Chemistry Guidelines. They
include guidelines on water and
steam chemistry as well as
recommendations on HRSG
equipment, metallurgy, and
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Page 484 of 5199 01/27/2018

treatment regimes. Specific
considerations that set the HRSG
apart from the more typical fossil-
fired boiler, directed the
development of these guidelines.
Design, operational needs and
practices, and potential failure
mechanisms, were all considered.
These considerations will be
discussed so that operators can
appropriately use the ASME
guidelines for their particular
situation.
Avoiding Costly Water LUIS CARVALHO, P.Eng., GE Water & Process Technologies, Mississauga, Thia paper willl discuss water
Treatment Mistakes in Ontario, Canada treatment technologiesfor power
Combined Cycle Power plants such as membrane
Plant Projects separation ( e.g. reverse osmosis
), electrodialysis,
electrodeionization, EDI, and ion
exchange. It will also address the
critical role that well qualified
chemical water treatment
companies can play in avoiding
costly mistakes during power plant
design, how to best fit chemical
treatment options, and what can
go severely wrong when the raw
Page 485 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 487 of 5199 01/27/2018

water to the plant is not critically
evaluated.
Heat Recovery Steam IRVIN J. COTTON, Arthur Freedman Associates, Inc., East Stroudsburg, PA, This report reviews various heat
Generators: Impact of JOHN OBERMAIER, Deltak LLC, Minneapolis, MN recovery steam generator, HRSG,
Water Chemistry designs and basics and reviews
major water related common
problems and methods to minimize
corrosion in these systems. Basic
corrosion reactions are reviewed
throughout the cycle and chemistry
guidelines and chemical treatment
methods and monitoring
requirements are covered. The
importance of proper start-up and
lay-up procedures is covered.
Several case histories are
provided illustrating consequences
of improper chemistry, monitoring
and control.
Case History of a Heat TORRY J. TVEDT, T.J. Tvedt & Associates, Ltd, Angleton, TX
Recovery Steam
Generator System Failure
Design & Operational DOUGLAS B. DEWITT-DICK, Ashland Specialty Chemical Co., Portland, TX, Heat recovery steam generator,
Concerns Associated with EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Ashland Specialty Chemical Co., Toronto, Ontario, HRSG, manufacturers typically
Chemistry in HRSGs Canada recommend against chemically
cleaning new units prior to
operation. Experience from a
Page 488 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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HRSG, pearlite, ferrite, spheroidization, duct firing, maricite,

http://www.eswp.com
acid phosphate corrosion, hydrogen_x000D_
damage, caustic attack, Widmanstatten structure
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IWC-04-31 Paper
Page 490 of 5199 01/27/2018

reliability and water chemistry
standpoint has shown that this
may not be a wise alternative. This
paper discusses some of the
concerns associated with not
chemically cleaning new units prior
to operation, along with the impact
on reliability associated with some
design considerations.
Modeling Leaching in MARK A. JANICK, LAWRENCE GASPER, Bechtel Power Corporation, Trace metals are used in the
Treated Wood Cooling Frederick, MD treatment of wood and will leach
Towers from wooden cooling towers during
startup and operation. Trace metal
concentrations in the cooling tower
blowdown may be high in the initial
stages of cooling tower
commissioning but will decrease
rapidly over time. The discharge
permit limits for cooling tower
blowdown may limit the
concentration of trace metals
discharged. Engineers designing a
cooling tower, and the operator of
an existing facility with a wooden
tower who is performing
substantial cooling tower
maintenance involving the
Page 491 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cooling tower, treated wood, discharge, NPDES, Arsenic,

http://www.eswp.com
Copper, Chromium, modeling
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Page 492 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-32 Report
IWC-04-33 Report
Page 493 of 5199 01/27/2018

replacement of significant portions
of the tower’s wood, needs to be
aware of this issue. This paper
discusses methods of modeling
trace metal concentrations that are
leached from wooden cooling
towers, particularly during
commissioning and early operation
of the tower.
Modeling Leaching in PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO
Treated Wood Cooling
Towers
Technology Based Effluent DEBORAH NAGLE, US EPA - Permits Division, Washington, DC

Stsndards:-Whats New at
EPA
I Hear What You're JOHN D. MORTON, P.E., ALCOA, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA The Clean Water Act is over 30
Saying, But I Don't years old, yet few seem to truly
Understand a Word of It understand its requirements. Too
often, we seem to be lost in a
maze of myriad acronyms, archaic
language and apparent convoluted
mandates. Unless one
understands the underlying
principles of the Act, it is easy to
spend significant amounts of time
and resources on the “wrong”
things and still not be in
Page 494 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Clean Water Act, BPT, BCT, BAT, BPJ, zero discharge,

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water quality, NPDES, point source, pollutant, TMDL, ELG,
reporting, strict liability, enforcement discretion, citizen suits
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Page 495 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-34 Report
Page 496 of 5199 01/27/2018

things and still not be in
compliance
Emerging Contaminants, MARK V. ROWZEE, Water Quality Association, Lisle, IL Industrial facilities, whether
Regulations, and Changes supplied by municipal sources or
for Industrial Providers of their own treatment processes, are
Potable Water likely to be directly affected by one
or more water-related changes in
the very near future. This paper
will sample some of the changes
occurring, and talk about some
changes that may be on the
horizon. While the changes largely
affect systems providing their own
potable water, they are not
reserved entirely for facilities
deriving and treating their own
water. Issues affecting municipally-
supplied facilities will be discussed
later in the paper.
EPA Rule 316b - WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Wayne C. Micheletti, Inc., Charlottesville, VA
Compliant Passive Intake
System for Cooling Water
Supply
Amine Use in High MICHAEL W. ROOTHAM, Mike Rootham & Associates, Delmont, PA Operation with amine treatment
Pressure Steam Cycles can provide benefits in terms of
and Boilers corrosion control in both all ferrous
and mixed alloy steam systems
Page 497 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Amines, Acetic Acid, Corrosion Control, Electrochemical

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Testing, Steam Generators, Steam_x000D_
Turbines, Test Program, Thermal Decomposition
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Page 499 of 5199 01/27/2018

and boilers. For steam generators
operating at greater than 900 psig
(900ºF or 482ºC), additional
studies were required to determine
whether the amines and their
decomposition products have a
beneficial or adverse effect on
turbine materials. Plant specific
evaluations must be performed
prior to the implementation at
cogeneration plants to verify
compatibility with the requirements
of the processed steam and the
impact of contaminants in the
condensate returned to the steam
generation unit. This report
updates progress made towards
establishing the program
investigation required to answer
the questions related to turbine
materials compatibility.
Hazards of Amine Use In JAMES C. BELLOWS, Ph.D., Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation, Equilibrium calculations for the first
Boiler Systems Orlando, FL 0.1% moisture in a reheat steam
turbine show that amines may
keep the pH in the region where
protective magnetite would be
expected to form. Ammonia,
Page 500 of 5199 01/27/2018

Amine, Corrosion, Thermal decomposition, Organic acid,

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Equilibrium modeling
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Page 502 of 5199 01/27/2018

morpholine, cyclohexylamine and
ethanolamine are examined in the
presence of varying acetic acid
concentrations. Lower-volatile
amines increase the pH of the first
moisture more than the higher
volatility amines, but also increase
the concentration of acetate in the
first moisture. Amine
decomposition is addressed.
Use of Amines in HRSG WILLIAM MOORE, Calpine, Houston, TX
Chemistry
Application of a Non- ALBERT BURSIK, PowerPlant Chemistry GmbH, Neulussheim, Germany In the last ten years, many
Traditional publications in the fossil cycle
Polyamine/Amine chemistry-related literature have
Treatment in High dealt with a very attractive topic,
Pressure Drum Boiler organics and their behavior in the
Systems plant cycle. It is often stated that
to evaluate the real impact of
organics on the major cycle
components, investigations with
respect to selective corrosion
effects of low-molecular acids (in
particular on turbine materials) are
required. In power plant cycle
chemistry, many new
developments have only been
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IWC-04-39 Paper
Page 505 of 5199 01/27/2018

investigated subsequent to their
use, i.e., after a successful or
failed industrial application. This is
also the case with organic cycle
treatment chemicals. In hundreds
and hundreds of fossil cycles,
organic cycle chemicals have been
put into use without previously
obtaining scientific backing. This
contribution focuses on the
polyamine/amine regime in cycles
with drum boilers. Several case
studies are discussed which
demonstrate the positive
experience with this organic cycle
chemistry treatment in industrial
power generation
Reverse Osmosis JANE KUCERA, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL This paper focuses on three
Operations aspects of operation that are
necessary to understand before
successful operation of a reverse
osmosis, RO, system can be
achieved. First, RO systems can
treat most waters given that certain
specific feedwater quality
guidelines are achieved.
Pretreatment is required to achieve
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IWC-04-40 Paper
Page 508 of 5199 01/27/2018

these feedwater guidelines.
Pretreatment will help prevent the
effects of performance degraders
by minimizing fouling, scaling and
membrane degradation. Second,
interpretation of data is critical to
understanding how an RO system
is operating. Reverse osmosis
performance is best evaluated
using normalized data, such as
normalized product flow. Third,
membrane cleaning to remove
foulants and scales that were not
removed via pretreatment is
discussed as an important aspect
of a comprehensive RO operations
and maintenance program.
Reverse Osmosis KENNETH J. KOZELSKI, E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Camden, SC
Operations
The Use of Reverse MATTHEW WHITE, Ecolochem International, Ltd., Peterborough, UK, MIKE A power plant in Thailand
Osmosis as a DUNHAM, Glow Power Co. Ltd, Map Ta Phut, Thailand, SIMON GARE, experiences significant levels of
Pretreatment to a High Ecolochem International, Ltd. total organic carbon,TOC, and
Pressure Steam System at colloidal silica in its feed water.
a Power Plant_x000D_ They had previously been treating
in Thailand this with a conventional
demineralisation plant, which was
Page 509 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 510 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-40D Report
IWC-04-41 Paper
Page 511 of 5199 01/27/2018

demineralisation plant, which was
pretreated with activated carbon
filtration. This paper looks into the
problems that were occurring at
the plant before a membrane
system was installed. It will also
look into the choice and
configuration of the technology
installed, the changes made to the
chemical treatment of the steam
system, and the benefits the plant
has seen after the reverse osmosis
unit with filtration pre-treatment
under a service contract was
installed.
The Use of Reverse MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation., Overland Park, KS
Osmosis as a
Pretreatment to a High
Pressure Steam System at
a Power Plant_x000D_
in Thailand
Application of Membrane BENJAMIN T. ANTRIM, BRIAN M. KILCULLEN, Koch Membrane Systems, Inc., The use of ultrafiltration membrane
Filtration Technology for Wilmington, MA technology for the production of
the Production of Drinking drinking_x000D_
Water water is a natural extension of the
use of membranes in the food,
pharmaceutical and_x000D_
Page 512 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Ultrafiltration, Drinking Water, Chemical Pretreatment,

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Chemically Enhanced_x000D_
Backflush, Water-borne Diseases, Integrity Testing, Clean-
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In-Place
Page 513 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-42 Report
Page 514 of 5199 01/27/2018

industrial marketplaces. EME-
Homer City Generation LP
installed a hollow fiber
membrane_x000D_
filtration plant in 1986 to provide its
employees with safe drinking water
at the site’s remote location.
Surface water was pretreated prior
to the membrane process. After
almost two decades of operation,
new water regulations and the
requirement for increased data
collection, additional
instrumentation and higher output
has led to the design and
construction of a larger
pretreatment and membrane
system that was put into operation
in the Summer of 2004.
Total Oxidizable Carbon TUNG-JEN WEN, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC Ultraviolet irradiated samples were
Control Experience f2or analysed for impurities analysis
BWR Condensate using on-line ion-chromatography.
Polishing Performance As plant start up with high total
oxidizable carbon, TOC, values in
the effluent requires a series of
cycles with uninterrupted rinsing
and soaking operation so that a
Page 515 of 5199 01/27/2018

Total oxidizable carbon, Ultraviolet, Condensate Polisher

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IWC-04-43 Report
IWC-04-44 Report
Page 517 of 5199 01/27/2018

steady state TOC value can be
achieved in a reasonable and
acceptable time. The current TOC
content control requirement in
condensate demineralizer effluent
within 0.45 ppb becomes a
significant problem to maintain
reactor water soluble impurities
and insoluble iron in low levels as
plant personnel strive to improve
system water chemistry.
pH and CO2 DAVID M. GRAY, Mettler-Toledo Thornton, Inc., Bedford, MA Previous work has focused on
Determinations Based on major improvements in the
Power Plant Conductivity accuracy of conductivity
Measurements measurements and on the
development and benefit of multi-
parameter on-line analytical
instrumentation. That background
as well as other work is being used
to provide additional parameters
that can be derived from accurate
specific, cation and degassed
cation conductivity measurements.
Fear and Loathing at a BEVERLY NEWTON, MIKE DOYLE, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, LUIS The use of ion chromatography for
Combined Cycle Power CARVALHO, IAN SCARTH, PEET LINDAU, GE Water and Process monitoring corrosive ions in water
Plant - Ion Technologies, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada has been implemented at several
Chromatography in a Box new combined cycle, gas fired
Page 518 of 5199 01/27/2018

degassed cation conductivity, cycle chemistry, calculated

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pH, carbon dioxide
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ion chromatography, corrosion.

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Page 519 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-46 Report
Page 520 of 5199 01/27/2018

power plants to identify individual
anion and cation species, to
achieve parts-per-trillion detection
limits, and to operate On-Line. This
paper presents a report on a
recent study of a low cost, hands-
off ion chromatography solution to
provide on-line monitoring at the
water panel for chloride and sulfate
ions at 1 part per billion or below.
Risk Mitigation by SUSAN BAINES, KATHI KIRSCHENHEITER, KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Power Managing power plant water
Managing Water Corporation, Frederick, MD treatment system interfaces for a
Treatment System lunp sum turnkey, LSTK , contract
Interfaces in the Power is critical to mitigate system
Industry performance and guarantee risks
for the contractor and the owner
from development to
commissioning. For system
integration, it is important to have
adequate guidelines and operating
flexibility to determine the
appropriate treatment steps for
each system based on their
requirements. Several case
studies presented discuss the
challenges in designing these
systems and the strategies used to
Page 521 of 5199 01/27/2018

Power, Water Treatment, Risk, and Management, EPC,

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LSTK, Steam Purity,_x000D_
Pretreatment, Demineralization, Combined Cycle, Solid
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Fuel, HRSG
Page 522 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-04-47 Report
IWC-04-48 Paper
Page 523 of 5199 01/27/2018

mitigate risk at their interfaces.
Process and System JONATHAN WOOD, JOSEPH GIFFORD, USFilter, Lowell, MA This report explains some of the
Design for Reliable differences between continuous
Operation of RO/CEDI electrodeionization, CEDI, and
Systems conventional deionization, and
focuses on designing reverse
osmosis/CEDI systems to ensure
reliable, long-term operation.
Emphasis is placed on process
design, integration of the CEDI
with other unit operations, and how
to avoid scaling, fouling, or
degradation of the CEDI modules.
EDI Performance: WILLIAM T. HARVEY, TED PRATO, Ionics Incorporated, Watertown, MA Successful long-term performance
Operating Results for Sites of electrodionizationm. EDI,
Installed at Least Five systems is a function of robust
Years system design, membrane type,
and skilled operation and
maintenance. The performance
data of several EDI systems
installed at least five years are
presented. The proper design of
pretreatment and the operational
requirements to sustain long
membrane life and performance
are also discussed.
Page 524 of 5199 01/27/2018

Electrodeionization, EDI, CEDI, RO/EDI, RO/CEDI,

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ultrapure water, design, operation
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IWC-04-51 Paper
Page 526 of 5199 01/27/2018

EDI Performance: CHERYL G. SAWYER, Cogentrix, Suffolk, VA
Operating Results for Sites
Installed at Least Five
Years
Introduction of Spiral AVIJIT DEY, Ph.D., GUANGHUI LI, Omexell, Inc., Houston, TX Electrodeionization (EDI) has been
Wound EDI -Exclusive widely used in electronics,
Design and Its Application pharmaceutical, and power
industries for ultrapure water
production. There are now two
types of commercially available
EDI modules: 1) plate and frame
EDI and 2) spiral wound EDI. One
company has manufactured spiral
wound EDI modules for over 5
years. It has many features such
as an ideal flow pattern for dilute
and concentrate flows (cross flow),
internal and external leak free
design and operation, ion
exchange resin replacement,
excellent electrical insulation, light
module weight, and simple system
integration. In this paper, some
designs of a spiral wound EDI
module and system are introduced
and performance tests and field
test results are also discussed.
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Page 528 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-17 Paper
IWC-04-52 Report
Page 529 of 5199 01/27/2018

Introduction of Spiral AVIJIT DEY, Ph.D., Omexell, Inc., Houston, TX (Authors closure in two parts: p.
Wound EDI -Exclusive 485, p.499 to p. 506)
Design and Its Application
Introduction of Spiral JONATHAN WOOD, USFilter, Lowell, MA

Wound EDI -Exclusive
Design and Its Application
Design and Operation of BENJAMIN T. ANTRIM, CHINH HOANG, Koch Membrane Systems, Inc., The development of large diameter
Large Scale Reverse Wilmington, MA reverse osmosis and nanofiltration
Osmosis Elements and elements has been driven by
Systems increasing demand for high quality
water. These elements take
advantage of economies of scale
to deliver lower cost water in a
smaller footprint. This paper will
examine the development of the
elements from conception to
production trials.
Effective Dust JOEY S. SWART, Water & Environmental Research, Sasol Technology R&D, Sasol, South Africa, utilises low-
Suppression on a Matured Sasol, South Africa grade coal for steam generation
Fine Ash Dam Utilizing from which ash is an inevitable co-
Excess Mine Water product. Most of the ash produced
is disposed of on to fine ash dams
which can create dust problems.
Dust suppression utilising excess
mine drainage water was
investigated on a decommissioned
Page 530 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration, Large Diameter Element,
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Package System
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Dust Suppression, Water Retention Capacity, Salt

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Retention Capacity, Leaching,_x000D_
Piezometers, Geotechnical Drilling, Hydraulic Retention,
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Mine Water.
Page 531 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-01 Paper
Page 532 of 5199 01/27/2018

ash dam. Effective dust
suppression as well as beneficial
salt retention was achieved. A
hydrodynamic model that can be
used as a management tool for
this process was developed and is
presented.
Water Scarcity Solutions JEFFREY CONNELLY, Vice President & General Manager, GE Water & Process
for a Thirsty Planet Technologies
Corrrosion and Deposition Panel Moderator: Allan Harvey, Ph.D., National Institute of Standards &
in Steam Turbines: Panel Technology, Boulder, CO
Study on Recycling JIACAI XIE, XILIN LIU, Petrochina Liaohe Oilfield Company, Panjin, China this paper presented the results of
Produced Water to Steam laboratory studies, pilot field tests
Generators and Its Field and field applications of produced
Application water recycling to steam
generators, discussed produced
water characteristics, removal of
oil and suspended solid, hardness
and silica, introduced briefly the
treatment process and their
designing parameters. Up to now,
38, 000 cu.m/d produced water is
recycled to steam generators, and
realized the goal of uniting the
economic, environmental and
social benefits together.
Page 533 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Produced Water Recycling Steam Generators Field
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Application
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Page 534 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-01D Report
IWC-05-02 Paper
Page 535 of 5199 01/27/2018

social benefits together.
Study on Recycling GORDON PAGE, Page Technology Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, CAROLINE
Produced Water to Steam WILSON, Oil Recovery, EnCana Oil and Gas Partnership, Calgary, Alberta,
Generators and Its Field Canada
Application
Advances in Produced M. J. PLEBON, MARC SAAD, SERGE FRASER, EARTH (Canada) Corporation, In upstream oil and gas
Water Deoiling Utilizing a Montreal, Quebec, Canada operations, water is co-produced
Recently Developed with the crude oil. Treatment and
Technology which disposal of produced water is
Removes and Recovers becoming a leading economic
Dispersed Oil in Produced factor in the viability assessment of
Water 2 Microns and the asset. A technology with a
Larger combination of filtration,
coalescence and gravity
separation has been developed in
Canada to remove and recover
dispersed oil in water. Results
obtained have been measured with
an advanced videoimaging particle
size-distribution apparatus that
measures samples on line and in
real time. The results show that the
technology has been successful in
polishing produced water to oil-in-
water concentrations of less than
10 mg/L.
Page 536 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Produced Water Polishing, dispersed oil recovery, oil/water

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separators, oil recovery, deoiling.
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Page 537 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-03 Report
Page 538 of 5199 01/27/2018

Advances in Produced M. J. PLEBON, MARC SAAD, SERGE FRASER, EARTH (Canada) Corporation,
Water Deoiling Utilizing a Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Recently Developed
Technology which
Removes and Recovers
Dispersed Oil in Produced
Water 2 Microns and
Larger
Advances in Produced KUMAR JAIN, Fluor Corporation, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Water Deoiling Utilizing a
Recently Developed
Technology which
Removes and Recovers
Dispersed Oil in Produced
Water 2 Microns and
Larger
Impact of Low Molecular JIM SUMMERFIELD, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI A number of common organic
Weight Organic Acids on acids show up in the steam cycle
Anion Exchange Resin at fairly high concentrations. The
Kinetics paper will explore if their presence
has an impact on anion exchange
resin sulfate kinetics. The ongoing
research uses the oxalate anion as
a worst-case model to understand
if low-molecular weight organic
carboxylic acids in condensate
specifically cause or impact on
Page 539 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 540 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-04 Report
Page 541 of 5199 01/27/2018

sulfate ion kinetic impairment of
anion exchange resin.
Optimizing Single-use PETER MEYERS, FRANCIS DESILVA, ResinTech, Inc., West Berlin, NJ Long life, single-use resins for
Long Life Resins perchlorate, arsenic, uranium, etc.
are commercially available and
offer possibilities of hundreds of
thousands of bed volumes
throughput. Under these
conditions, resin capital cost
becomes relatively unimportant
compared to factors such as
pressure loss and equipment size.
High flow rate, fine mesh resins
minimize equipment cost; yet this
may not be the lowest present
worth as high-pressure drop may
result in unexpectedly high
operating costs. Various factors
that affect performance are used to
evaluate various cost factors and
as an aid to optimizing the
equipment designed.
Optimizing Single-use FRANK CRAFT, Mobile Processing Technology, Memphis, TN
Long Life Resins
Design and Operation of PETER MIDGLEY, Anderson Water Systems, Dundas, Ontario, Canada
Large Scale Reverse
Page 542 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 543 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-S09PD Panel Discussion Transcript
IWC-05-05 Paper
Page 544 of 5199 01/27/2018

Large Scale Reverse
Osmosis Elements and
Systems
HRSG & Boiler Tube Moderator; Robert Bartholomew, Sheppard T. Powell Associates LLC, Baltimore,
Failure (BTF) MD
Mechanisms, Analyses, &
Corrective Measures.
Presentations and Panel
Discussion Sponsored by
the ASME Research and
Technology Committee on
Water & Steam in Thermal
Systems
Use of Fractal Liquid JAY MIERS, Jr., Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA Liquid distribution devices based
Distribution in Water on the principles of fractal
Treatment geometry (Fractal Distributors)
have been successfully used in
industrial chromatography
applications where plug flow is
critical. For these processes, plug
flow eliminates dilution of each
fraction of feed and effluent from
the chromatography columns.
Based on the performance of the
fractal distributors to deliver near
perfect plug flow independently of
the flow rate, it was believed that
Page 545 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 546 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-06 Paper
Page 547 of 5199 01/27/2018

employing fractal distributors in
common ion exchange based
water demineralization systems
could result in significant
advantages including: greater resin
utilization, better rinse
characteristics, greater water yield.
A pilot project was commenced to
test these assumptions the goal of
which was to develop an improved
ion exchange based water
treatment system. The fractal
distributors were installed in a high
flow rate two bed demineralizer
and the results confirmed the
advantages of the fractal
distributors particularly in reducing
rinse times and waste volumes.
Use of Fractal Liquid CRAIG BROWN, Eco-Tec Inc., Pickering, Ontario, Canada
Distribution in Water
Treatment
Supercritical Carbon SHELTON A. DIAS, Ph.D, Kinectrics, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada This paper discusses the results of
Dioxide Extraction of feasibility studies of supercritical
Leachable Organics from carbon dioxide extraction of low
IX Resins - A Novel grade ion exchange resins as a
Resin_x000D_ convenient, economic and
Cleaning Technique environmentally compatible means
Page 548 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Ion Exchange, Resins, Supercritical Fluids, Extraction,
http://www.eswp.com
Carbon Dioxide, Organics, Leachables, Total Organic
Carbon (TOC)
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Page 549 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-07 Paper
Page 550 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cleaning Technique environmentally compatible means
to clean and achieve low organic
leaching, chlorine and sodium
resin for sensitive applications
requiring high purity resins.
Supercritical Carbon WILLIAM E. BORNAK, RTI, Warminster, PA
Dioxide Extraction of
Leachable Organics from
IX Resins - A Novel
Resin_x000D_
Cleaning Technique
The Bayswater-Liddel THOMAS BRYANT, Connell Wagner PPI, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, ERROL This paper reviews the
Zero Discharge System - BURTON, Macquarie Generation, Muswellbrook, NSW, Australia, THOMAS D. development history and
A 20+ Year Operational WOLFE, WaterEye Corporation, Grass Valley, CA operational experiences with the
Perspective zero liquid discharge systems for
the Bayswater & Liddell Power
Stations which are coal fired with a
combined capacity of 4660 MW
and are located side by side in
Australia's water scarce and water
quality sensitive Hunter Valley.
The zero discharge system has
opersted continuously since 1985.
It is a complex system which is
intimately tied in with the
integrated water management at
both stations, affecting the
Page 551 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 552 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-08 Paper
Page 553 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemistry of Liddell's large cooling
lake, the Bayswater induced draft
cooling towers and the ash sluicing
systems, as well as the boiler
makeup and service water
systems .
The Bayswater-Liddel WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Wayne C. Micheletti, Inc., Charlottesville, VA
Zero Discharge System -
A 20+ Year Operational
Perspective
Selection of Zero Liquid CHRIS LEWIS, Burbank Water & Power, City of Burbank, CA, DEVESH MITTAL, The paper discusses the
Discharge (ZLD) System - Aquatech International Corporation, Canonsburg, PA permitting, operation and logistic
Summary of Issues at a issues that were faced by
Power Plant in California Southern California Public Power
Authority, SCPPA, in selecting a
zero liquid discharge, ZLD,
process for their Magnolia Power
Project located at City of Burbank,
California. The issues
faced_x000D_
could be classified as either site
specific or general faced by power
plants facing cyclical dispatch. The
changes in ZLD selection criteria
were mostly due to the present day
cyclical dispatch of power plants.
Besides these, there were other
Page 554 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD, High Efficiency Reverse

http://www.eswp.com
Osmosis, HERO™, Crystallizer, FCC, Magnolia Power
Project, MPP, Membrane Based Zero Liquid Discharge,
rder_form.html
Gray Water Recovery, Cooling Tower Blow Down Recovery
and Reuse, CTBD Treatment
Page 555 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-09 Report
IWC-05-18 Report
Page 556 of 5199 01/27/2018

site specific issues that were
pertinent to existing sites required
to implement ZLD as a
consequence of expanding their
generation capacity.
Selection of Zero Liquid KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel, Frederick, MD
Discharge System -
Summary of Issues at a
Power Plant in California
ZLD Today - Matching WILLIAM E. MOORE, Calpine, Houston, TX, TIMOTHY RITTOF, HPD LLC, The design and performance of an
Water Treatment Options Plainfield, IL electric power generating station
to Power Generating Plant water system are often surprisingly
Requirements complex, principally due to the
addition of zero liquid discharge,
ZLD, requirements. This paper
presents a map of the evaluation
and decision steps that lead to a
design that is operable and
affordable. These steps progress
from station water requirements to
water source quality through
pretreatment and post treatment
options and approaches.
Particle Removal FRED TEPPER, LEONID KALEDIN, Argonide Corporation, Sanford, FL A 2 nanometer alumina fiber is
Efficiency of Nano Alumina combined with a microglass fiber
Fiber Filters to produce a nonwoven
electropositive filter media. Its pore
Page 557 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Water supply, power generation, water treatment, zero

http://www.eswp.com
liquid discharge, volume reduction, water recovery, water
reuse, wastewater minimization, desalination
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Page 558 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-41~8
IWC-05-10 Report
Page 559 of 5199 01/27/2018

size is 2 microns, yet it is
functionally rated at 0.03 microns.
Data are presented showing dirt
holding capacity and filtration
efficiency for particles from 0.001
to 7 microns. The filters have high
particle retention for micron size
silica dust, bacteria, virus and latex
spheres, and also for adsorption of
high molecular weight organics
such as DNA, tannin and dyes.
Water Pipe Corrosion Shuldener, H. L.
Problems in Buildings
Startup of Multiple Water GOMES GANAPATHI, Ph.D., CHMM, LUKE SANTEE, JASSIM AJEEL, ALI The reconstruction/ refurbishment
Treatment Plants & GHAREEB, OSAMA ABD AL KADIR, IMAD HADI, HASANAIN FADHIL, RAFAT of the more than 14 water
Operator Training in MATTI, IBRAHIM KHALIL, MAHMOOD KADHIM, KHALID MAHMOOD, Bechtel treatment plants, WTPs, that serve
Southern Iraq - A International Systems Inc; SALAH M. SULTAN, MOHAMED YASSEN, University approximately 1.5 million people in
Rewarding_x000D_ of Basrah, Iraq Southern Iraq has been
Experience completed. This paper provides an
overview of the challenges and
successes of this effort, including
the extensive operations and
maintenance, O&M, training
provided to plant supervisors and
operators - all in compliance with
Environmental Safety & Health,
Page 560 of 5199 01/27/2018

Corrosion Control - General, Public Water Supply

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USAID, Southern Iraq, Infrastructure, Reconstruction,
http://www.eswp.com
Refurbish Water Treatment Plants, O&M, startup, training
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Page 561 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-11 Report
IWC-05-12 Report
Page 562 of 5199 01/27/2018

Environmental Safety & Health,
ES&H, covenants. Iraq’s dynamic
and dangerous environment
presented unique challenge for
expatriates as well as Iraqi
nationals..
Refurbishing Power Plant JULIUS ISAAC, PE, KATHRYN HYAM, PE, KUMAR SINHA, PE, Bechtel Power Reconstruction work in Iraq
Water Treatment Corporation and Bechtel Systems and Infrastructure, Inc., Frederick, MD following the 2003 Gulf War
Equipment in Iraq presented some unique
challenges. Years of economic
sanctions, lack of maintenance
and generally poor operating
practices had left the country’s
electric system, water treatment
and sanitation facilities, and
supporting infrastructure in very
poor condition. This paper
presents how refurbishment work
was performed and the approach
used during the execution phase of
this work. The work described is
related to power plant water
treatment systems.
Challenges in Rebuilding MOUSTAFA HASAN, Metito (Overseas) Ltd, Amman, Jordan, TAREK A key objective in rebuilding Iraq is
Iraq's Water Infrastructure GHANDOUR, Metito International Inc., Houston TX the restoration of the power, water
and sanitation systems. Water
quality fluctuates depending on
Page 563 of 5199 01/27/2018

Iraq, infrastructure, USAID, refurbishing, IIRP,

http://www.eswp.com
pretreatment, RO, EDI, compact equipment
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Page 564 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-13 Report
Page 565 of 5199 01/27/2018

location and seasonal variations.
Salinity has been increasing in
both Euphrates and Tigris rivers in
southward direction due to the
irrigation of large areas using river
water in Turkey, Syria and Iraq,
Dams on the Turkish side of the
boarder and significant runoff
pollution from fertilizers and
pesticides increased the salinity
downstream. An integrated
approach must be taken to
address the challenge of supplying
potable water to the Iraq
population, as well as
refurbishment power plant water
treatment systems and municipal
sewage treatment plants. In the
past eight years assessments
were performed and supplied to
over thirty water treatment
facilities, sewage treatment plants,
pumping stations and industrial
water and waste water treatment
plants.
Providing Water to the VIRAJ DE SILVA, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, WALID HATOUM, P.E., PARSONS, Sadr City’s water quality had
People of Sadr City, Iraq Tampa, FL suffered as the distribution system
Page 566 of 5199 01/27/2018

Infrastructure Reconstruction Program, Phase ll (IIRP2),

http://www.eswp.com
Baghdad Water Authority (BWA), modeling, geographic
Page 567 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-14 Report
Page 568 of 5199 01/27/2018

was nearly 30 years old and
constructed of low quality material.
Under the $1.3 Billion USAID Iraq
Infrastructure Reconstruction
Program, Phase II, clean water will
replace the contaminated drinking
water. The new 4,000 cu.m/hr
water treatment plant will serve
approximately 1.5 million people.
More than 98 kM of new water
mains will be laid, and 15,600
house connections will be provided
under this program. In July 2005,
the U.S. Army completed
installation of 27 Water Treatment
Compact Units in Sadr City. The
military focused on providing water
to schools because children are
the most affected by poor water
quality.
An Alternative to Silt ROBERT L BRYANT, Chemtrac Systems, Inc., Norcross, GA Silt density index, SDI, has been
Density Index the standard measurement to
(SDI)...Continuous Particle predict reverse osmosis, RO,
Counting membrane fouling. Being a “spot
test”, results have been subjective;
depending on upstream equipment
operations at time/place SDI tests
Page 569 of 5199 01/27/2018

information system (GIS), water treatment plant
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Page 570 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-15 Paper
IWC-05-16 Paper
Page 571 of 5199 01/27/2018

are done. On-line particle counters
and monitors have been
successfully used to resolve
souling problems where SDI failed.
A case history is presented
Membrane Filtration GLEN P. SUNDSTROM, USFilter Memcor Products, Rockford, IL, DEAN M. This paper discusses the technical,
Improves Water Quality at WEYENBERG, Nuclear Management Company, Two Rivers, WI economic and operational issues
Point Beach Nuclear addressed in improving reverse
Power Plant osmosis, RO, feedwater to
acceptable standards for the Point
Beach Nuclear Plant. The final
design, incorporating membrane
filtration, resulted in a more
economical and reliable system to
operate and allowed full utilization
of the capacity of the RO system.
Membrane Filtration GLEN P. SUNDSTROM, USFilter Memcor Products, Rockford, IL, DEAN M.
Improves Water Quality at WEYENBERG, Nuclear Management Company, Two Rivers, WI
Point Beach Nuclear
Power Plant
Membrane Filtration JANE KUCERA, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Improves Water Quality at
Point Beach Nuclear
Power Plant
Sensitive Integrity Test for STEVEN D. JONS, Ph.D., TOM N. HAYNES, JAMES S. NATHAN, FilmTec A process for quickly assessing
RO/NF Elements Corporation, a subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Company, Edina, MN the integrity of spiral wound
elements has been explored. The
Page 572 of 5199 01/27/2018

Membranes, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis,

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filtration, silt density index
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Page 573 of 5199 01/27/2018
IWC-05-19 Report
Page 574 of 5199 01/27/2018

process involves passing a short
pulse of a highly rejected
challenge species (such as
magnesium sulfate) across the
membrane and comparing the time
dependent profile for permeate
passage to that anticipated for a
“good” element. This time-
dependent test has been observed
to be more selective to most
construction defects than the
conventional measurement of salt
passage. Additionally, the time
dependence can provide some
information on location of defects
within the element. Potential
applications are seen in
manufacturer’s quality assurance
testing, in location of defects within
an element, and in on-line integrity
monitoring of systems in the field.
Environmental Effects of DAVID W. HILL, Severn Trent De Nora LLC, Sugar Land, TX,_x000D_ The electrolytic generation of
Electrolytically Generated RUDOLF C. MATOUSEK, Severn Trent Services, Sugar Land, TX, R.P. biocides from seawater or from
Halogens for Biofouling HERWIG, Ph.D. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of brine is a proven, economical and
Control Washington, Seattle, Washington, JENNIFER E. HOLLAND, Civil and safe method for use in industrial
Engineering Dept.,Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, ROBERT S. REIMERS, plants. When injected in the
Ph.D., FAIC, Environmental Health Sevices, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA cooling water circuits of electric
Page 575 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 576 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-20 Report
Page 577 of 5199 01/27/2018

power stations or industrial plants,
on-site generated biocide provides
efficient protection to the
equipment against organic fouling
without the undesirable side
effects of commercial hypochlorite
(such as the build up of hard
deposits by reaction of significant
excess alkalinity with the
substances dissolved in water) or
the safety hazards connected with
the transportation, storage,
homeland security, and handling of
chlorine gas. At issue in this paper
is the impact of this electrolytic
process on the environment. This
presentation is the cumulative
research work by these two
Universities to characterize the
oxidants, determine the efficacy of
produced biocides to control
marine organisms and their re-
growth, measure the toxicity of the
neutralized water, and analyze the
disinfection by-products, DBPs,
generated in this process
Zen and the Art of Cooling CHARLES ASCOLESE, GE Infrastructure Water & Process Technologies, Since cooling systems have been
Page 578 of 5199 01/27/2018

Legionella, Legionellosis, Risk management, Cooling

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Page 579 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-21 Report
Page 580 of 5199 01/27/2018

Tower Maintenance: Trevose, PA associated with outbreaks of
Recognizing Ambiguity Legionnaires’ Disease, it is prudent
Associated with Legionella to implement measures directed at
Risk Management minimizing health risks associated
with Legionella bacteria. While the
goal of such measures is clear, the
actual benefit of specific steps may
be less clear. Recognizing such
areas of “ambiguity” will help avoid
a “check the box” mentality when
implementing a Legionella risk
management program. The
successful Legionella risk
management program should
address design issues, mechanical
maintenance, water treatment,
record keeping and employee
awareness.
Legionella Controlled by DAVID ALLEY, FRANK ROGERS, Clearwater Systems Corp., Essex, CT Legionella Pneumophila and
Pulsed Power related species of bacteria are
known to be human pathogens,
considerable disagreement exists
concerning their significance to
human health when present in
cooling towers. Test methods,
action levels, and appropriate
responses to excessive levels of
Page 581 of 5199 01/27/2018

systems, Bio-monitoring, ATP-based bio-monitoring,
http://www.eswp.com
Biofilms, Legionella testing, Free chlorine residual,
Emergency disinfection
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Legionella, Pulsed Power Water Treatment, Test Methods

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Page 582 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-22 Report
Page 583 of 5199 01/27/2018

these bacteria are currently under
consideration. There is
disagreement that low levels of
Legionella bacteria may be
expected in “clean” (low total
bacteria) cooling towers. In an
experimental program conducted
in a small comfort cooling tower,
pulsed power water treatment was
found to effectively control
planktonic, sessile, and Legionella
bacteria. Legionella testing of split
samples was conducted at three
laboratories; considerable variation
in the results was found. Dip tests
for total planktonic and sessile
bacteria were conducted and
compared with the results of
heterotrophic plate counts; little
correlation was observed
Lessons Learned from PAUL PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO This report is an up-date of the
Recent Outbreaks of presentation made at the
Legionnaires Disease and International Water Conference
Guidelines for Control held in October 2004. In three
in_x000D_ case studies recent outbreaks of
Cooling Water Legionnaires disease associated
with evaporative cooling tower
Page 584 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 585 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-23 Paper
Page 586 of 5199 01/27/2018

water systems have been
investigated to determine the most
probable cause(s). These cooling
systems were found to have
several related conditions that
have enabled other cooling tower
water end-users to consider these
findings in minimizing the risk of
causing a Legionnella outbreak
Assuring Mill Reliability by THOMAS W. WOLFE, Wolfe Water Treatment Services, LLC, Baton Rouge, LA, Reduced budgets for water
Conducting Planned JAMES J. KEANE, NewPage Corporation, Chillicothe, OH treatment-related chemicals and
Audits of Water Treatment services increases the importance
Procedures and Results of efficiently managing the ‘money
and time resources’ available for
handling water treatment. This
paper illustrates how a paper
manufacturing company effectively
uses the technical and time
resources of a water treatment
service company to support the
operating paper company’s water
treatment monitoring and control
requirements. Independent audits
of the water treatment program are
part of the operating strategy to
assure that the program results are
adequate for the paper company to
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Page 588 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-24 Paper
Page 589 of 5199 01/27/2018

achieve its water treatment-related
reliability and budget goals. This
paper includes examples of setting
goals, objectives and timing for the
audits, and how monitoring and
control data are used as part of the
basis for budgeting for major
expenses and expense control.
Assuring Mill Reliability by VIRGINIA DURHAM, Hercules Incorporated, Philadelphia, PA
Conducting Planned
Audits of Water Treatment
Procedures and Results
Case History of the DON VACKER, DAVID DYBELL, Bechtel Corporation, Houston, TX A discussion of the design features
Premcor Refinery of a new 5000 gpm state-of-the-art
Wastewater Treatment major refinery wastewater
Plant on the Texas Gulf treatment plant constructed 12
Coast years ago in compliance with
Benzene NESHAP regulations,
treatment performance during that
time, operators responses to
operational situations and highly
variable loads, operational
changes made, and opportunities
for improvement in the next
generation of refinery treatment
plants.
Case History of the DON VACKER, DAVID DYBELL, Bechtel Corporation, Houston, TX
Page 590 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Wastewater treatment, refinery, source control, waste

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minimization, treatability studies, design,_x000D_
operation, Benzene NESHAP
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Page 591 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-25 Paper
IWC-05-26 Paper
Page 592 of 5199 01/27/2018

Premcor Refinery
Plant on the Texas Gulf
Coast
Benefits of Oil and Grease NORMAN D. FAHRER, ChemTreat, Inc., Glen Allen, VA, JEFF BRAUN, The continuous strip and casting
Removal for Contact RUSSELL McLAUGHLIN, Nucor Steel, Decatur, AL, STEVE ROBSON, processes common to most
Cooling Water Systems in ChemTreat, Inc, Decatur, AL electric steel mills create high
Modern Continuous Strip levels of oil and grease
Process Steel Mills contamination in the contact
cooling water systems. These
contaminants cause fouling,
corrosion, spray nozzle pluggage,
and microbial activity making water
treatment extremely difficult. This
paper documents the successful
treatment programs designed to
overcome these problems
Benefits of Oil and Grease LARRY SMITH, GE Infrastructure Water & Process Technologies, Trevose, PA
Removal for Contact
Cooling Water Systems in
Modern Continuous Strip
Process Steel Mills
Solving Tube Failures FELIX TAMPUBOLON, PE., MUHAIMIN, PE., PT Badak NGL, Bontang, East After over 26 years of operation,
Problems to Improve the Kalimantan, Indonesia the high pressure steam boilers
Boilers Reliability of the experienced several failures of roof
Badak's LNG/LPG Plant tubes, of inlet superheater tubes
and riser tubes due to hotspot,
Page 593 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 594 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-27 Report
Page 595 of 5199 01/27/2018

bulging, leaks and bursting. The
Management formed a Boiler
Reliability Team to identify the root
causes of these failures and to
develop procedures/remedial
actions to eliminate tube failures in
the future. The failure on the inlet
superheater tubes was caused by
an erosion-corrosion phenomenon
due to liquid entrainment from the
steam drum. A short-term
overheating was identified on the
failed riser tubes due to improper
flame pattern. A long-term
overheating occurred on the roof
and riser tubes due to the
presence of internal scaling.
Several modifications were were
made to the feedwatr treatment,
boiler componentst and materials.
Solving Tube Failures ANTON BANWEG, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Problems to Improve the
Boilers Reliability of the
Badak's LNG/LPG Plant
Pilot Testing of Inside-Out JINGDONG ZHANG, SUNMING GAO, YANWEI LIU, CHANGZHENG LI, FANG Ultrafiltration, UF, systems were
UF Pretreatment Prior to ZHANG, HUIMING ZEN, CUNSONG YE, Wuhan University, College of set up at the seashore at the
RO for High Turbidity Resources & Environmental Science, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China location of a seawater reverse
Page 596 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
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Ultra filtration; SWRO; Pretreatment; SDI; Seawater;

http://www.eswp.com
Desalination
rder_form.html
Page 597 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-28 Report
Page 598 of 5199 01/27/2018

Seawater Desalination osmosis, SWRO, plant. This
paper describes the pilot testing
results obtained on Yuhuan
seawater using inside-out hollow
fiber in dead-end mode. . In this
pilot, operation parameters such
as membrane flux, backwash time
and frequency, chemical enhanced
backwash frequency were
changed. The filtrate consistently
met the demand for intake water
quality of SWRO. When the NaClO
concentration of coagulated
seawater was 6 mg/L, the filtrate
SDI was also below 3 and
changed little. Other water quality
index such as total Fe, COD,
colloidal Si and total bacterial
count were also measured and the
UF trial was successful in
achieving stable membrane
permeability.
New Oxygen Scavenger FEDERICA PERPIGLIA, UniversitÃ degli Studi di Genova - D.I.M.S.E.T., The most used oxygen scavengers
Amine Based For Boiler Genova, Italy have been analysed and a new
Feedwater Treatment product, amine based, has been
proposed. Hydrazine must be
avoided for its extreme toxicity.
Page 599 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 600 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-29 Paper
Page 601 of 5199 01/27/2018

The new molecule is technically,
environmentally and economically
appropriate to the purpose,
featuring oxygen scavenging and
magnetite formation properties
superior to all the considered
products. The corrosion
phenomenon of the ferrous
materials and the chemical
products to avoid such corrosive
effects have been presented. The
results are shown in tables
comparing the reducing power and
rust converting efficiency of the
molecules
The Use of Heat Tolerant JONATHAN HUNT, SIMON GARE, GE Water & Process Technologies, Gambs Until recently, the residual heat of
Reverse Osmosis UK, MATTHEW WHITE, GE Water & Process Technologies, Manila, Philippines, the condensate had proven to be
Membranes in Process PETER ERIKSSON, GE Water & Process Technologies, Vista, CA, MARK the barrier to the use of Reverse
Condensate Polishing DUNLOP, GE Water & Process Technologies, Minnetonka, MN, Osmosis, RO, membranes for
conensat polishing. Development
of thermally stable membrane
materials and methods of
construction that allow them to be
operated at elevated temperatures
were used for high temperature
sanitisation. These characteristics
also make RO membranes
Page 602 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 603 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-35 Report
Page 604 of 5199 01/27/2018

available for use in condensate
recovery applications. This paper
discusses a 50 cu.m/hr (220 gpm)
application of ‘hot water’ RO
membranes in the recovery of
steam condensate for use as boiler
feed water. The membrane choice
and design considerations for the
plant are discussed, and reference
made to 16 months’ of operational
data, including water flux and
rejection characteristics
The Use of Heat Tolerant JONATHAN HUNT, GE Water & Process Technologies, Gambs UK
Reverse Osmosis
Membranes in Process
Condensate Polishing
The Use of Heat Tolerant SCOTT BEARDSLEY, The Dow Chemical Company, Minneapolis, MN
Reverse Osmosis
Membranes in Process
Overview of Desalination MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch, Overland Park, KS “Water, water everywhere, but
Technology nothing to drink." Throughout the
world, a growing population has
placed a strain on a limited supply
of fresh water. Seawater
desalination, while not a new
option, is gaining widespread
Page 605 of 5199 01/27/2018

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http://www.eswp.com
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Desalination, evaporation, multistage flash evaporation,

http://www.eswp.com
multiple effect evaporation, sea water, reverse_x000D_
osmosis, economics, drinking water.
rder_form.html
Page 606 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-30 Paper
Page 607 of 5199 01/27/2018

consideration to relieve the
pressure on fresh water supplies.
This paper discusses the
fundamentals of seawater
desalination including
commercially available thermal
and membrane technology, the
relationship of desalination and
power generation, and basic
desalination economics.
Capacitive Deionization TOBIE J. WELGEMOED, P.E., CDT Systems, Inc., Dallas, TX This paper reports on research
Technology: An Alternative conducted on an alternative to the
Desalination Solution more conventional membrane
desalination technologies like
reverse osmosis and
electrodialysis using a capacitive
electrosorption mechanism. Anions
and cations in solution are
electrosorbed by the electric field
upon polarization of a carbon
aerogel coated electrode pair by a
direct current (DC) power source.
The main objective of the research
was to develop an industrial type
module and to evaluate the
performance of the module for
brackish water desalination and
Page 608 of 5199 01/27/2018

Capacitive Deionization, desalination, electrochemical,

http://www.eswp.com
boron removal.
rder_form.html
Page 609 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-31 Paper
Page 610 of 5199 01/27/2018

boron removal. The term
“industrially re-producible” refers to
the fact that the module
manufacturing process must be
scaleable, practical and cost
effective. Once a successful
industrial prototype was
developed, a secondary research
objective was to test such a
module in order to determine if it
could compete as a potential
alternative to membrane
processes._x000D_
By using the laboratory scale unit
as a model, an industrial type
bench scale test unit was
developed and tested as part of
this research.
Capacitive Deionization JONATHAN WOOD, USFilter, Lowell, MA
Technology: An Alternative
Desalination Solution
Hybrid Resin Technology PETER MEYERS, MICHAEL GOTTLIEB, ResinTech, Inc., West Berlin, NJ Recently, a new type of hybrid ion
for Simultaneous Removal exchange resin has been
of Multiple Contaminants commercialized, which comprises
an ion exchange resin containing
an adsorbent which combines
properties of both parent medias.
Page 611 of 5199 01/27/2018

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None
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Page 612 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 613 of 5199 01/27/2018

properties of both parent medias.
The hybrid provides enhanced
selectivity and capacity for certain
substances and removes certain
oxy-anions such as arsenates,
vanadates, selenates, etc. It
combines the properties of both
the base ion exchange resin and
the adsorbent material loaded into
the base resin to form the hybrid.
As a result, it is now possible to
selectively remove several
contaminants simultaneously in a
single resin bed, whereas
previously several resin beds of
different types would have been
required. This paper discusses the
properties of a hybrid made from a
base resin and metallic complex. It
is used to simultaneously remove
arsenic and nitrate, arsenic and
perchlorate, and/or nitrate and
perchlorate. Removal of chromate,
vanadate and selenate, and
uranium and other substances are
also discussed.
Hybrid Resin Technology HEIKKI MONONEN, Finex Oy, Kotka, Finland
Page 614 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
Page 615 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-32 Paper
Page 616 of 5199 01/27/2018

for Simultaneous Removal
of Multiple Contaminants
Value Added Products ARUP SENGUPTA, Ph.D.., LUIS CUMBAL, PRAKHAR PRAKASH, Lehigh The conditions leading to the
from Innovative University, Bethlehem, PA Donnan membrane equilibrium
Applications of Donnan arise from the inability of_x000D_
Membrane Principle: Two ions to diffuse out from one phase
Case_x000D_ in a heterogeneous system. In
Studies principle, every ion_x000D_
exchanger contains fixed non-
diffusible ions thus leading to
Donnan phenomena especially
in_x000D_
contact with dilute solutions. In the
recent past, we applied the
Donnan principle to (i) selectively
recover alum and ferric coagulant
from water treatment plant
sludges, and (ii) prepare arsenic
selective hybrid sorbent by
dispersing hydrated Fe(III) oxide
nanoparticles within an ion
exchanger. In the first case, high
purity alum and Fe(III) coagulant
were recovered in a single-step
process from sludges collected
from two large water-treatment
Page 617 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
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Donnan principle, Ion exchange, Arsenic, Coagulant
http://www.eswp.com
recovery, Hybrid ion exchanger, Ion exchange membrane,
Perchlorate, Trace contaminants
rder_form.html
Page 618 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-33 Paper
Page 619 of 5199 01/27/2018

from two large water-treatment
plants in Pennsylvania. Repeated
operation of the Donnan
membrane process did not show
any noticeable signs of membrane
fouling. In the second case,
hydrated Fe(III) oxide, HFO,
nanoparticles were dispersed
within a commercially available ion
exchanger. The resulting hybrid
material (polymeric/inorganic)
shows very high arsenic selectivity
and is also amenable to efficient
regeneration and reuse.
Value Added Products ROBERT L. ALBRIGHT, PH.D.., Albright Consulting, Southampton, PA
from Innovative
Applications of Donnan
Membrane Principle: Two
Case_x000D_
Studies
Short-Bed Ion-Exchange MICHAEL PALEOLOGOU, NACEUR JEMAA, RICHARD BERRY, Pulp and This paper will describe shortbed
Technologies for Kraft Paper Research Institute of Canada, Pointe Claire, Quebec, Canada, CRAIG ion exhange processes, for the
Pulp Mill System Closure BROWN. MIKE SHEEDY, Eco-Tec, Inc., Pickering, Ontario, Canada removal of excess sulphuric acid,
sodium chloride and sodium
hydroxide from the kraft pulp mill
recovery cycle. Using these
technologies, kraft pulp mills will
Page 620 of 5199 01/27/2018

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None
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Page 621 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-34 Report
IWC-41~9
Page 622 of 5199 01/27/2018

be able to advance to higher levels
of system closure.
Short-Bed Ion-Exchange DANIEL B. RICE, DR. DARYL GISCH, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland,
Technologies for Kraft MI
Pulp Mill System Closure
Drawing the Line: CLIFTON E. McCANN, ESQ., Venable LLP, Washington, DC U.S. patent law determines patent
Patentable v. rights that can profoundly affect
Unpatentable Ideas in companies' bottom lines. This
Water Treatment paper outlines the standard for
patentability, discusses the types
of evidence used to determine
whether the standard has been
met, and shows how the standard
has been applied to water
treatment technology. It also
describes the rights accorded by
patent, presents an analytical
framework for assessing patent
rights, and summarizes the do's
and don'ts of good invention
management
Cooling Tower Film-fill DOUGLAS DEWITT-DICK, Ashland Specialty Chemical, Boonton, NJ
Foulant Removal in a
Petrochemical Plant
Ramifications of the Hot Joos, C. E.

Process Methods of Water
Page 623 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Patent , Patent Law, Patent Litigation, Ecolochem,
http://www.eswp.com
Deoxygenation, Activated Carbon, Hydrazine, Ion
Exchange, Patent Damages, U.S. Patent and Trademark
rder_form.html
Office, Invention,
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Clarification and Contact Softening
http://www.eswp.com
Page 624 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-36 Report
Page 625 of 5199 01/27/2018

Conditioning
Performance JAMES F. KLAUSNER, YI LI, RENWEI MEI, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL A diffusion driven desalination,
Characteristics of the DDD, process has recently been
Diffusion Driven reported where warm water is
Desalination Process evaporated into a low humidity air
stream, and the vapor is
condensed out to produce distilled
water. A detailed heat and mass
transfer analysis has been
developed to model the dynamic
performance of the DDD process.
The optimum operating condition
for the DDD process has a high
temperature of 50° C and sink
temperature of 25° C.. Operating
at these conditions yields a fresh
water production efficiency
(mfw/mL) of 0.031 and energy
consumption rate of 0.0023 kW-
hr/kgfw. A brief economic analysis
is presented to demonstrate the
added value provided by using a
DDD facility to produce fresh water
using waste heat from a
thermoelectric power plant.
Page 626 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Desalination, Diffusion Driven, Numerical Optimization.
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 627 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-37 Report
Page 628 of 5199 01/27/2018

Pretreatment for Seawater KENNETH IRWIN, Ph.D., GE Water & Process Technologies, Trevose, PA, IAN The Point Lisas seawater
Reverse Osmosis: Three RAMROOP, Desalination Company of Trinidad and Tobago, California, Trinidad desalination facility in Trinidad is
Years Operation Of The the first seawater reverse osmosis,
27.6 MIGD (125,530 SWRO, plant to employ
M³/Day) Seawater flocculation and sedimentation in
Desalination Plant, Point pretreatment. It has been
Lisas, Trinidad and extremely successful over the first
Tobago three years operation, exceeding
98% on stream time. This paper
reviews experience gained in
conquering challenges to optimize
plant operation in face of highly
variable raw water quality.
Chemical use has been minimized
and successful chemical regimes
for control of biological activity
have been implemented. The
methodology used to measure,
analyze and control biological
activity throughout the
pretreatment process is discussed
Pretreatment for Seawater MARK A. JANICK, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
Reverse Osmosis: Three
Years Operation Of The
27.6 MIGD (125,530
M³/Day) Seawater
Desalination Plant, Point
Page 629 of 5199 01/27/2018

Seawater, Pretreatment, Reverse Osmosis, Biofouling
http://www.eswp.com
Control, Point Lisas
rder_form.html
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Page 630 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-38 Report
IWC-05-39 Report
Page 631 of 5199 01/27/2018

Lisas, Trinidad and
Tobago
The Island Water BRANDON HENKE, STEVEN DOVER, PHILIP NOE, The Island Water The Sanibel, Florida, Island Water
Association “Case History” Association, Inc., Sanibel, FL Association has gone through
- Desalination of Brackish many changes over the past 40
Water years. Starting out as a small
distributor of a neighboring utility’s
drinking water, the Company
currently operates and maintains a
5.22 MGD Reverse Osmosis
facility with approximately 130
miles of distribution pipelines and
three booster stations. The RO
plant capacity and all distribution
pumps and piping systems are
designed for sufficient domestic
and fire fighting demands at build-
out of both Sanibel and Captiva
islands. This build-out is estimated
to happen by
approximately_x000D_
the year 2017.
Solar Based Distillation M. UMAMAHESWARAN, Anna University, College of Engineering, Chennai, In many parts of the developing
System for Domestic India countries the availability of
Purpose adequate quantities of_x000D_
drinking water is a significant
problem. This does not imply that
Page 632 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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Page 633 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 634 of 5199 01/27/2018

the water is not abundant
in_x000D_
these regions, but rather the water
available is usually not
potable.Solar distillation is one of
the promising fields for the
application of solar thermal energy
due to the coincidence, in many
places of the world of water
scarcity, seawater, brackish,
polluted ground water availability
and good levels of solar radiation.
The present study details the
construction, testing and analysis
of parabolic trough
collector/reflector configuration for
small scale domestic purpose
water distillation application.
Ground water is heated by the
solar radiation as it circulates
along the solar collector within an
absorber pipe in order to generate
steam directly into the absorber
pipe. The generated steam is
condensed and collected. The
parabolic trough can deliver heat
at temperature ranging from 200-
Page 635 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 636 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-40 Paper
Page 637 of 5199 01/27/2018

Silica Polyamine EDWARD ROSENBERG, DAN NIELSEN, PAUL MIRANDA, University of A series of silica based composites
Composites: Advanced Montana, Missoula, MT, CAROLYN HART, YUCHEN CAO, Purity Systems Inc., has been developed that utilize
Materials for Ion Recovery Missoula, MT water soluble polymeric amines
and Remediation grafted to the surface by a silane
anchor as a scaffold for mounting
metal selective ligands for
recovery of anions and cations and
for use directly as a metal ion
chelator materials. The materials
offer several advantages over
conventional polystyrene based
chelator resins which have been
demonstrated by direct
comparison testing. Processes for
the selective recovery of
palladium, copper, nickel, cobalt
gallium and lanthanides using a
variety of these materials from
multicomponent metal ion mixtures
have been developed as well as a
metal loaded material for the
removal of oxoanions from
solution. Applications to real
mining solutions and waste
streams are presente.
Page 638 of 5199 01/27/2018

chelator materials, silica gel, polymeric amines, metal
http://www.eswp.com
selective ligands, remediation
rder_form.html
Page 639 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-41 Report
IWC-42~1
IWC-05-43 Report
Page 640 of 5199 01/27/2018

Silica Polyamine MICHAEL GOTTLIEB, ResinTech, West Berlin, NJ
Composites: Advanced
Materials for Ion Recovery
and Remediation
Use of Hydrolysis and ALLAN FARBER, CHRISTINE TEVIS, Bechtel National Inc., Gunpowder, MD, At the US Army’s Aberdeen
Neutralization to Destroy CRAIG HATFIELD, Battelle Memorial Institute, Aberdeen MD Proving Ground (APG) site
Stockpiled Chemical hydrolysis and neutralization
Agents processes were employed to
destroy the entire stockpile (over
1600 tons) of the chemical agent
commonly referred to as “mustard
gas”. This paper will discuss the
operational challenges and
technologies used to non-
reversibly convert the mustard to
thiodiglycol, a compound
compatible for biological treatment.
The Use of Inhibitors for Mears, R. B., Eldredge, G. G.
Aluminum Chemical
Equipment
The Ion Exchange LARRY GOTTLIEB, ResinTech, West Berlin, NJ Ion exchange is a valuable tool,
Resource Recovery and is widely used in metal
Business finishing to prevent excessive
discharge of metals from rinses
and other wastewaters. In-place
regeneration is a relatively
complex operation, requiring
Page 641 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Chemical agent, mustard, hydrolysis, neutralization,

http://www.eswp.com
hydrolysate, thiodiglycol, 1, 4-dithiane, activated carbon,
Aberdeen Proving Ground
rder_form.html
Corrosion Control - Aluminum

http://www.eswp.com
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None
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Page 642 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-44 Paper
Page 643 of 5199 01/27/2018

complex operation, requiring
skilled technicians. The liquid
waste produced by the ion
exchange system must still be
treated prior to discharge.
Resource recovery and recycling
businesses have been established
throughout the country and
operate in a fashion similar to the
portable exchange deionization
business, except that they are
designed to transport, regenerate
and reclaim metals from exhausted
ion exchange resins. These
companies eliminate the burden of
in-place regeneration, while still
offering the advantages of ion
exchange as a tool for wastewater
treatment and rinse-water
recovery. This paper describes
how the various companies in the
business operate and how these
businesses can be used to achieve
compliance with wastewater
discharge regulations.
Removal of Recalcitrant TONNI AGUSTIONO KURNIAWAN, GILBERT Y. S. CHAN, WAI-HUNG LO, The Laboratory-scale experiments
Organic Compounds from Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China, LI LIN, Zhongsan were conduced to study the
Page 644 of 5199 01/27/2018

Leachate management; Non-biodegradable compounds;

http://www.eswp.com
Solid waste; Surface modification
Page 645 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 646 of 5199 01/27/2018

Stabilized Landfill University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China combination performance of
Leachate using a ammonium striping and granular
Combination of_x000D_ activated carbon, GAC, adsorption
Ammonium Stripping and for the treatment of landfill
GAC Adsorption leachate. To improve the removal
of recalcitrant organic compounds
from leachate, subsequent
treatment was carried out using
GAC adsorption with the surface of
the adsorbent chemically oxidized
by ozone. Of the two different
treatments investigated, the
combination of ammonium
stripping and GAC adsorption
using ozone-modified GAC
demonstrated almost complete
removal of chemical oxygen
demand, COD, and ammoniacal
nitrogen, NH3-N, compared to
ammonium stripping alone. The
results indicate that the
combination of ammonium
stripping and GAC adsorption was
more effective than ammonium
stripping alone for the removal of
recalcitrant compounds from
stabilized leachate and was able to
Page 647 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 648 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-45 Paper
Page 649 of 5199 01/27/2018

meet the stringent NH3-N
discharge standard of less than 5
mg/L
Removal of Recalcitrant WILLIAM S. MILLER, GE Mobile Water, Inc., Norfolk, VA
Organic Compounds from
Stabilized Landfill
Leachate using a
Combination of_x000D_
Ammonium Stripping and
GAC Adsorption
Water (Resource) PETER G. DEMAKOS, Niagara Blower Company, Buffalo, NY Water resource and conservation
Conservation using are major factors in power plant
Closed-Loop, Evaporative and process facility heat transfer
Cooling Systems for system design and operation.
Process and Power There are several water-related
Applications issues affecting these systems:
Availability and quality of ‘fresh’
makeup water for cooling;
temperature control of process
wastewater streams; management
of discharge water; cooling water
in a closed-loop configuration.
Areas of concern are: cooling
without adverse environmental
impact; maintaining thermal
performance with less water use;
reducing installation, operating and
Page 650 of 5199 01/27/2018

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None
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Page 651 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-46 Report
Page 652 of 5199 01/27/2018

maintenance costs; allowing
facilities to expand operation or
production without the use of
additional water; enhancing
‘thermally challenged’ facilities
Closed-loop, evaporative coolers
can help maintain plant
performance while utilizing water
streams not currently usable with
conventional towers and heat
exchangers.
Water (Resource) JAMES C. DROMGOOLE, Fort Bend Services, Stafford, TX
Conservation using
Closed-Loop, Evaporative
Cooling Systems for
Process and Power
Applications
Dynamic Control of DANIEL M. CICERO, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL Every cooling system operates
Dynamic Systems: under stress. As stress varies, the
Advances in Cooling potential for scale, corrosion and
System Treatment fouling changes. The ability to
monitor the changing potential for
these operational problems, detect
upsets and take appropriate,
corrective action becomes
increasingly important as systems
are pushed harder to reduce total
Page 653 of 5199 01/27/2018

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None
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Page 654 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-47 Paper
Page 655 of 5199 01/27/2018

cost of operation. Over the past
two years, new methods of
managing open industrial cooling
water systems based on the actual
stresses placed upon them have
been developed and evaluated in
the field. This paper discusses
three applications in which
variation in system stress
presented the potential for scale,
corrosion and microbial fouling.
Operational data will be presented
to explain how these stresses were
managed using a comprehensive
treatment, monitoring and control
strategy
Cooling Tower Diagnostic CHARLES W. H. FOSTER, Diagnostic Cooling Solutions Inc., Burlington, When cooling capacity starts to
Testing Technique Solves Ontario, Canada limit a plant’s throughput, it is not
Refinery Bottlenecking uncommon for the chemical
Problem And Avoids treatment program to be the first to
6$Million Contingency be blamed. However, frequently
the problem lies with the cooling
tower. Diagnostic cooling tower
testing techniques can identify
costly operational problems that
would otherwise elude detection
during operation, out-of-service
Page 656 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cooling tower testing, cooling tower efficiency, cooling

http://www.eswp.com
tower troubleshooting, cooling tower targeted maintenance,
cooling tower targeted repai
rder_form.html
Page 657 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-48 Paper
IWC-42~2
Page 658 of 5199 01/27/2018

inspection or thermal performance
test.
Cooling Tower Film-fill JOHN A. ZIMOWSKI, Dupont Co., Orange, TX Many manufacturers are
Foulant Removal in a overhauling their splash fill
Petrochemical Plant equipped cooling towers with film-
fill to reduce cooling water
temperatures without having to
add structure to the tower. The
cooling water system discussed
went through this transformation in
the summer of 2003 to improve the
production of a gulf coast olefins
plant. After the tower was
overhauled, difficulties with
clarification equipment and the
plant's water treatment have
greatly affected the film-fill in the
tower. As a result, plant personnel
have implemented on-line
chemical cleanings and modified
the system's monitoring strategy to
maintain cold water temperatures
and the structural integrity of the
cooling tower
Recent Developments in Speller, F. N.
Underwater Paints and
Coatings
Page 659 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Corrosion Control - General

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Page 660 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-49 Paper
IWC-05-50 Paper
Page 661 of 5199 01/27/2018

Innovative MBR Process ALASDAIR DONN, ITT Aquious, Basingstoke, Hants, UK, MICHAEL Membrane bioreactor, MBR,
for Industrial Wastewater DIMITRIOU, ITT Advanced processes offer an industrial
Treatment and Reuse wastewater treatment solution
which provides very high treated
water quality, minimising discharge
impact on receiving waters, and
creating the ability to reuse treated
wastewater on-site in the process.
A dual Stage MBR process uses
optimised aeration for biological
demand and membrane cleaning
to minimise operating costs. An
application for MBR technology in
the treatment and reuse of
wastewater from the barley malting
process is given with detailed pilot
plant data and full-scale
application costs.
Innovative MBR Process GOMES GANAPATHI, Bechtel International Systems Inc., Amman, Jordan
for Industrial Wastewater
Treatment and Reuse
Performance of Multibore Dr. C. H. KRISHNAMURTHI RAO, T. JAYACHANDER, Membrane Research With ever increasing demand for
Ultrafiltration Systems for Technology Singapore PTE LTD, Singapore industrial and potable water it has
Municipal Waste Water become necessary for the recycle
Treatment of municipal sewage by converting
Page 662 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Membrane, MBR, Industrial Wastewater, Activated Sludge,
http://www.eswp.com
Reuse, Malt Steep Liquor, Ultrafiltration, Reverse Osmosis,
Nanofiltration Membrane bioreacto
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Organic removal, reclaimed sewage, ultrafiltratio
http://www.eswp.com
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IWC-05-51 Report
Page 664 of 5199 01/27/2018

to either industrial or potable grade
water. Ultrafiltration technology is
the best fit for producing high
quality industrial grade water from
the treated municipal wastewater.
The paper discusses the concept
of the demonstration plant and its
operations, performance, including
the operating cost. A brief
descrition of the final concept
design for a plant capacity of
201,000 cu.m/day is also given.
Performance of Multibore Dr. C. H. KRISHNAMURTHI RAO, T. JAYACHANDER, Membrane Research
Ultrafiltration Systems for Technology Singapore PTE LTD, Singapore
Municipal Waste Water
Treatment
Performance of Multibore M. N. RAO, Aquatech International Corporation, Canonsburg, PA
Ultrafiltration Systems for
Municipal Waste Water
Treatment
Treating High A. PAUL TOGNA, MICHAEL DELVECCHIO, Shaw Environmental, Inc, A pumping system coupled to a
Concentrations of Lawrenceville, NJ,. TODD WEBSTER, Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, biological treatment plantwas
Perchlorate in Inc., San Diego, California,_x000D_ installed in Henderson, Nevada to
Groundwater Using a Two- BOB HINES, USFilter, Envirex Products, Waukesha, Wisconsin,_x000D_ remove perchlorate from
Stage Advanced_x000D_ MARY CHEUNG, Veolia Water North America Operating Services, LLC, Solon, groundwater impacting Lake
Bioreactor Design Ohio, L. KEITH BAILEY, Kerr-McGee Shared Services LLC, Oklahoma City, Mead. This plant, which utilizes
Oklahoma two trains of biological fluidized
Page 665 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Perchlorate, Groundwater
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IWC-05-52 Report
Page 667 of 5199 01/27/2018

bed reactors in series, successfully
completed a 35-day performance
test in November 2004 at
approximately 93 percent of the
system’s maximum design load.
Water Quality and Water GARY A. LORETITSCH, PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Reclaimed water offers significant
Treatment Requirements Evergreen, CO water and energy cost benefits as
for Recycle/Reuse Waters well as the reliability of supply
in Industrial and Utility required from the users’
Plants perspective. There are several
factors, which affect the potential
for economic benefits from
reclaimed water. One factor is the
quality of the recycled water.
Reclaimed water contains some
minerals, which require chemical
treatment, such as pH control and
inhibitors to prevent corrosion and
mineral scales. These factors
along with conventional chemical
treatments help to maintain
maximum efficiency and to prolong
the useful life span or cooling
systems. This report presents
typical examples of reclaimed
water and potable water quality
and discusses: water quality
Page 668 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 669 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-53 Report
IWC-05-54 Paper
Page 670 of 5199 01/27/2018

characteristics, control methods,
water conditioning processes,
including micro-filtration, reverse
osmosis, ion exchange and
chemical softening, and water
quality monitoring.
Case Study of Anaerobic ROBERT HICKEY, Ecovation, Inc., Victor, NY A winery was experiencing
Treatment of Winery difficulty in consistently meeting its
Wastewater discharge limits. The inability to
consistently treat the effluent was
becoming a serious bottleneck to
production; insufficient oxygen
transfer during peak loading rates
limited removal capacity and
resulted in significant odor
problems. The winery elected to
install an anaerobic pretreatment
system. Benefits realized by the
client include a 40% reduction in
annual operating costs despite
production, consistent compliance
with pretreatment discharge
requirements, and elimination of
odor complaints
Sixteen Years of Resin WILLIAM E. BORNAK, Recirculation Technologies, Inc., Warminster, PA Ion exchange resins have been
Cleaning cleaned on-site using mobile
equipment for sixteen years using
Page 671 of 5199 01/27/2018

Anaerobic Treatment, Mobilized Film Technology, Winery

http://www.eswp.com
Wastewate, Pretreatment, COD removal, Biogas
rder_form.html
ion exchange, resin cleaning, membrane cleaning, resin

http://www.eswp.com
fouling, natural organics, organic fouling, calcium fouling,
barium fouling
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IWC-42~3
Page 673 of 5199 01/27/2018

three vendors. While most of the
cleanings involved removing
natural organics from anion resins,
a substantial fraction involved the
removal of hardness fouling from
cation resins, including barium,
formerly considered intractable.
This report compares the relative
removal frequencies of the mobile
equipment vs. plant efforts, and
the extension of the resin protocols
to membrane applications. The
paper also announces a
substantial improvement in the
protocol for natural organics on
anion resins, using a totally new
chemistry, resulting in consistent
90+% removal. The impact of resin
cleaning on water plant operations
and economics is discussed
Sixteen Years of Resin WAYNE BERNAHL, W. Bernahl Enterprises Ltd., Elmhurst, IL
Cleaning
Solubility of Salts in Steam Straub, F. G.

at High Pressures
Page 674 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Steam Purity
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IWC-05-55 Paper
Page 676 of 5199 01/27/2018

Unusual Items and GEORGE J. CRITS, Idreco USA, Corp., Ardmore, PA The purpose of this paper to help
Procedures in Ion water treatment professionals to
Exchange and Water be become more aware of less
familiar topics that may be
encountered in producing water of
suitable quality. This paper is
important because it provides an
informative discussion and detailed
information on selected topics and
procedures that can have a direct
affect on the operation of various
types of water treatment
processes. The selected topics to
be discussed are listed under four
general categories: Condensate
Polishing, Reverse Osmosis, Ion
Exchange and General Water
Treatment. From each category
important and sometimes
unrelated topics will be discussed
which may add to a basic
understanding of some of the
difficulties and possible solutions
as related to various water
purification processes.
Unusual Items and MICHAEL HALDEMAN, Tenergy Christ Water, LLC, New Britain, CT
Procedures in Ion
Page 677 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 678 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-56 Report
Page 679 of 5199 01/27/2018

Exchange and Water
Particle Size Analysis of JIM SUMMERFIELD, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI It has been observed that not all
Ion Exchange Resins particle size analyzers provide
exactly the same results. In some
cases, the results are vastly
different. This paper is intended to
provide an evaluation of various
particle size analyzers, result in a
clear understanding of the different
technologies, and discuss the
need for more standardized
methods in order to assure
meaningful results.
Corrosion Steam Turbines DAVID G. DANIELS, Mechanical & Materials Engineering, LLP, Austin, TX This paper will review the two
corrosion mechanisms commonly
found in condensing steam
turbines, namely corrosion fatigue
and stress corrosion cracking, how
they form, where they are
commonly found in the turbine,
and how they progress to failure. It
will also discuss how recent
research has modified the power
industry’s monitoring limits for the
causative agents.
Page 680 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 682 of 5199 01/27/2018

Origin and Behaviour of STEFAN A. HUBER, Ph.D., DOC-LABOR Dr. Huber, Karlsruhe, Germany The paper focuses on specific
Non-Ionic Natural Organic components of Natural Organic
Matter (NOM) in Boiler Matter (NOM) whose molecular
Feed Water charge densities are too low to
allow efficient removal by ion
exchange. This fraction NOM is
mainly polysaccharidic in
composition. It does not contribute
much to conductivity in the
makeup water but the reaction
products lead, among other
disadvantageous effects, to
elevated cation conductivity in
steam condensates. Historically,
nonionic NOM was overseen for a
long time because it was not easy
to identify polysaccharides by
analytical techniques. Only
recently a technique allows rapid
identification and quantification,
called LC-OCD (Liquid
Chromatography – Organic
Carbon Detection). The paper
describes in detail the behaviour of
polysaccharides during pre-
treatment, demineralisation and in
the water steam cycle. Strategies
Page 683 of 5199 01/27/2018

NOM Natural Organic Matter Total Organic Carbon
http://www.eswp.com
Polysaccharides Organic Acids
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Page 685 of 5199 01/27/2018

to remove polysaccharides in the
makeup water are also presented.
On-line Strategy for TOM PIKE, Western Farmers Electric Cooperative, Fort Towson, OK, DOUGLAS Copper oxide deposits can
Removing Copper DEWITT-DICK, Ashland Specialty Chemical, Drew, Boonton, NJ. negatively impact the efficiencies
Depositions in Turbines of both high-pressure steam
turbines and generators. In the
turbine, deposits frequently alter
the surface characteristics of
blades to such a degree that the
turbine must be removed from
service and cleaned. This paper
investigates one strategy for
removing copper deposits from a
high-pressure steam turbine while
on-line.
New Paradigm For Plant JAMES BELLOWS, PH.D.., Siemens Power Generation, Orlando, FL, MICHAEL The economics of deregulation
Cycle Chemistry RZIHA, Siemens Power Generation, Erlanger, Germany have changed the operating
Requirements scenarios for new plants. In the
past, the newest, most efficient
plants were base-loaded. Older
plants followed load. Still older
plants cycled on and off, and a few
gas turbines were used to support
peak load. We now see combined
cycle plants with approximately
58% thermal efficiency cycled on a
daily basis from the first day of
Page 686 of 5199 01/27/2018

heat transfer efficiency, methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO),

http://www.eswp.com
highpressure steam turbine
rder_form.html
Economics, Deregulation, Cycling

http://www.eswp.com
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IWC-05-61 Paper
Page 688 of 5199 01/27/2018

commercial operation. Indeed,
plants are now being designed for
fast start to support this operating
scheme. Existing operating
chemistry requirements are
founded on the premise that most
of the plant time is spent on-line.
Cycling plants need a new way of
thinking about startup.
White Rust: An Industry ROBERT LEE, R2J Chemical Services, Inc., Largo, FL, GARY M. REGGIANI, The intention of this publication is
Update and Guide Paper, to draw from and summarize
2002 - Association of published references and
Water Technologies anecdotal experiences into one
(AWT) central document that will
effectively present the topic of
white rust corrosion. The intended
audiences for this document are
water treatment professionals,
cooling tower owners/operators,
and architect/design and
mechanical contracting firms
involved in the specification and/or
installation of cooling towers
White Rust: An Industry JASBIR S. GILL, Ph.D., Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Update and Guide Paper,
2002 - Association of
Water Technologies
Page 689 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 690 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-69 Report
IWC-05-62 Paper
Page 691 of 5199 01/27/2018

(AWT)
Operating Experience on MICHAEL L. PUDVAY, Infilco Degremont, Richmond, VA Existing Flue Gas
The Treatment on FGD Desulphurization, FGD,
Scrubber Blowdown from installations in the United States
an Existing Generating have been addressing the
Station treatment of FGD scrubber
blowdown for many years. With the
increased number of FGD projects
planned in the United States,
wastewater treatment is both a
great concern and mystery for
many utilities planning new
installations. This paper reviews
operation practices and design
considerations of installed FGD
wastewater treatment systems
worldwide.
Guidelines for Treatment J. PATRICK SISK, JAY FARMERIE, CHARLES D. HAMRICK, CWT The concept of utilizing enhanced
of Systems Containing tube technology to reduce energy
Enhanced and Super- consumption thereby reducing
Enhanced Tubes - utility costs has been in use for
Association of Water over 20 years. The most recent
Technologies (AWT) breakthrough in heat transfer tube
technology has been the use of a
combination of internal rifling with
roll-worked external enhancements
to increase heat transfer. This
Page 692 of 5199 01/27/2018

FGD wastewater treatment, Chemical Conditioning, Sludge

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Dewatering,
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None
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IWC-05-63 Paper
Page 694 of 5199 01/27/2018

practice has resulted in a
significant reduction in energy
consumption. These changes
demand exceptional water
treatment control programs. This
paper is written as a supplemental
guide for the owners and operators
of these new technology heat
transfer systems and for water
treatment professionals. It is
intended to aid in the design of
water treatment programs, in the
development of correct treatment
and operational practices, and in
the instruction of proper
maintenance techniques for
systems that incorporate enhanced
and superenhanced tube
technologies.
Guidelines for Treatment PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Evergreen, CO
of Systems Containing
Enhanced and Super-
Enhanced Tubes -
Association of Water
Technologies (AWT)
Legionella 2003: An WILLIAM PEARSON, II, Southeastern Laboratories, Goldsboro, NC The Association of Water
Update and Statement by Technologies, AWT, document is
Page 695 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 696 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 697 of 5199 01/27/2018

the Association of Water a comprehensive update of
Technologies (AWT) collective information and data
available from numerous research,
investigative, and authoritative
sources on Legionella and
legionellosis. These include the
CDC ,Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, OSHA,
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, WHO, World
Health Organization, EPA,
Environmental Protection Agency,.
Due to the multi-disciplined,
technical and medical nature of the
subject, this document is directed
at summarizing and presenting
Legionella in an up-to-date,
informative, and useful format to
the water treatment professional
and end-user, as well as for the
general public. Extensive
references are cited that may
provide more detailed and in-depth
information on legionellosis and
related topics to benefit those with
more specific interest and
application or decision making
Page 698 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-05-64 Paper
Page 700 of 5199 01/27/2018

needs.
Legionella 2003: An HELEN CERRA, Chemtreat, Inc., Glen Allen, VA

Update and Statement by
the Association of Water
Technologies (AWT)
CARIX – 20 Years of Non- WOLFGANG H. HOLL, Ph.D., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, An ion exchange process which
Polluting Ion Exchange Germany, KLAUS HAGEN, Krüger WABAG GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany has a mixed bed consisting of a
Technology weakly acidic and a strongly basic
exchanger material is regenerated
by carbon dioxide applied as the
only chemical for regeneration of
the exchangers. As a
consequence, the effluent contains
only the amount of salt eliminated
during the service cycle. This
allows a combined partial softening
/ dealkalisation / sulfate / nitrate of
drinking water. A modification of
the process uses exclusively a
weakly acidic cation exchanger
and allows a softening /
dealkalisation. The process has
been realised for drinking water
treatment in five full-scale plants in
Germany. Results of operation
demonstrate that an excellent
water quality is provided at fairly
Page 701 of 5199 01/27/2018

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CARIX process, softening, dealkalisation, sulfate removal,

http://www.eswp.com
nitrate removal
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Page 702 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-64D Report
IWC-05-66 Paper
IWC-05-67 Report
Page 703 of 5199 01/27/2018

low cost.
CARIX – 20 Years of Non- ALFRED J. NICKELS, Watertech Inc., Twin Falls, ID

Polluting Ion Exchange
Technology
MIEX Advanced DOC PAUL SMITH, MICHAEL BOURKE, DAVID SHELBACH, S. MITCHELL, SHANE An innovative anion exchange
Removal Process: Full JONES, Orica Watercare Inc., Watkins, CO resin has been used to target
Scale Plant Design and dissolved organic carbon, DOC,
Performance species in the water. This resin is
unique due to its very small
particle size for rapid ion exchange
kinetics and its magnetic quality for
enhanced settling and capture (for
re-use). The resin is used in a
mixed tank as opposed to a fixed
bed, which offers unique benefits
to the ion exchange process.
MIEX Advanced DOC WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Wayne C. Micheletti, Inc., Charlottesville, VA
Removal Process: Full
Scale Plant Design and
Performance
UV Disinfection Equipment KEITH BIRCHER, ELLIOTT WHITBY, SCOTT FRENZ, Calgon Carbon Multiple large-flow UV systems for
Selection and Operation Corporation - UV Technologies Division, Pittsburgh, PA drinking water treatment have
Considerations for been installed since 1999. This
Municipal Drinking Water paper will cover topics related to
UV equipment selection criteria as
well as start-up and operation
Page 704 of 5199 01/27/2018

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None
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Page 705 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-68 Paper
Page 706 of 5199 01/27/2018

considerations. Several issues are
described including space
requirements, operating modes,
and UV system performance
factors. UV disinfection has
become an accepted disinfection
alternative for Cryptosporidium and
Giardia in addition to viruses and
bacteria. In addition, the practical
aspects of UV application are
almost completely established and
are currently in practice in many
surface water plants.
Continuous Real Time ROBERT GOLDSTEIN, Technical Associates, Canoga Park, CA, DANIEL Radionuclides in drinking water
Water Monitoring for DOTSON, Jefferson need continuous real time
Radionuclides monitoring to be in compliance
with the Safe Drinking Water Act,
the Clean Water Act, and the
National Strategy for the Physical
Protection of Critical Infrastructure
and Key Assets. Former methods
of spot monitoring will not allow for
the level of safety dictated in the
post 9/11 climate of the United
States. Drinking water monitoring
for terrorist acts, catastrophic
accidents, industrial waste, and
Page 707 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 708 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-70 Paper
Page 709 of 5199 01/27/2018

naturally occurring radionuclides
requires continuous real time
monitoring.
Continuous Real Time ARTHUR J. FREEDMAN, PH.D., Arthur Freedman Associates, Inc., East
Water Monitoring for Stroudsburg, PA
Radionuclides
Designing Constructed JOHN H. RODGERS, Jr., Ph.D.., Clemson University, Clemson, SC, GEORGE Relatively large volumes of
Wetlands for Mitigating M. HUDDLESTON, Entrix, Inc., Pendleton, SC, CYNTHIA MURRAY-GULDE, F. wastewater are generated by coal-
Risks from Flue Gas DOUGLAS MOONEY, Entrix, Inc, Atlanta, GA fired power plants in flue gas
Desulfurization desulfurization, FGD. Through wet
Wastewater scrubbing of sulfur from
atmospheric emissions, numerous
other potentially problematic
elements (e.g. Se, Hg, As, etc.)
are entrained in the water.
After_x000D_
separation of gypsum, formed in
the scrubbing process, the residual
wastewater contains relatively high
levels of constituents that must be
treated prior to discharge of the
water to receiving aquatic systems.
Physical or chemical alternatives
for treatment are noteconomically
effective. Using fundamental
biogeochemical pathways, the
pilot-scale constructed wetland
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Page 712 of 5199 01/27/2018

pilot-scale constructed wetland
treatment systems were designed
to target removal of Se and Hg
from FGD wastewater. The pilot-
scale system consisted of a 6,800-
L upstream equalization basin
followed by three parallel treatment
trains. Each treatment train
consisted of four stages in series
(from upstream to downstream),
including two wetland cells planted
with bulrush, a gravel manganese
oxidation basin, and a final wetland
cell planted with cattails. Each
treatment stage consisted of a
378-L utility tank. Overlying water
depth and hydrosoil depths were
30 cm each in the wetland cells.
Total hydraulic retention time was
96 to 120 hours. These pilot-scale
systems have aided design of full-
scale constructed wetland
treatment systems that will allow
power plants to achieve their
NPDES permit limits.
Designing Constructed MARK A. JANICK, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
Wetlands for Mitigating
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Page 714 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-71 Report
Page 715 of 5199 01/27/2018

Risks from Flue Gas
Desulfurization
Wastewater
Constructed Wetlands for F. DOUGLAS MOONEY, ENTRIX, Inc., Atlanta, GA, ROBERT R. WYLIE, Duke This presentation addresses a
FGD Blowdown Treatment Energy Corp., Charlotte, NC 1.25 MGD treatment wetland (12.5
Design and Construction acres) designed to remove
Issues mercury and selenium from
scrubber blowdown as a polishing
step before discharge to Duke
Energy’s ash basin at their
Marshall Steam Station. The
report/presentation would include:
an explanation of the advantages
of constructed treatment wetlands
in this application, a summary of
the results of the pilot testing, a
review of the performance
objectives of the constructed
wetlands, a presentation of the
systems design criteria, a project
schedule, progress photos of the
construction of the wetland
treatment system, construction and
operating costs, an overview of
operating requirements, and a
discussion of critical success
factors during design, construction,
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Page 717 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-72 Paper
Page 718 of 5199 01/27/2018

start-up, and operation.
ABMet Biological JILL SONSTEGARD, TIM PICKETT, Zenon Environmental, Salt Lake City, UT The biological precipitation and
Selenium Removal from removal of selenium and metals
FGD Wastewater from flue gas desulfurization, FGD,
blowdown utilizing a fixed-film
biotreatment process has been
successfully pilot tested and
demonstrated to remove dissolved
selenium at a > 99% efficiency.
The process has been tested in
more than eight FGD wastewaters,
and implemented at full scale in
other industries. The biofilm
maintained its integrity and
efficiency in temperature tests up
to 105 °F and at pH levels as low
as 5.35. Other metals significantly
removed from the FGD wastewater
during the process included
arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury
and zinc. This paper presents a
process overview and pilot scale
performance data, and a full scale,
conceptual design approach.
ABMet Biological DONALD VACKER, Bechtel Corporation, Houston, TX
Selenium Removal from
FGD Wastewater
Page 719 of 5199 01/27/2018

FGD wastewater, biological reduction, bacteria, selenium,

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arsenic, copper, mercury, zinc
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Page 720 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-73 Paper
Page 721 of 5199 01/27/2018

Selenium Reduction TERRY SCHEURMAN, Applied Specialties, Inc., Avon Lake, OH The paper will review a treatment
Issues in a Coal Fired study for reducing the Selenium
Power Plant level in the wastewater discharged
from a wet limestone flue gas
desulphurization unit. Covered in
the paper are problems
encountered with analytical testing
procedures for determining low
levels of Selenium .The paper
includes data generated at a
power plant burning high Selenium
coal with a single module scrubber
built by Alstom.The scrubber uses
wet limestone technology with
forced oxidation to manufacture
commercial grade gypsum. Di-
Basic Acid, DBA, is used in the
scrubber to improve limestone
utilization.. To control chlorides in
the FGD sump and to facilitate
washing the gypsum, a constant
stream of water is blown down to a
waste water treatment plant. The
effluent from this plant is
discharged to a small creek
through an NPDES prmitted
Page 722 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Wastewater, flue gas desulphurization, FGD, coal power
http://www.eswp.com
plant, metals reduction, selenium, NPDES, ICP
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Page 723 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-73D Report
IWC-05-74 Report
Page 724 of 5199 01/27/2018

through an NPDES prmitted
outfall. The function of the
wastewater plant is therefore to
remove heavy metals, reduce
suspended solids and reduce
biological oxygen demand, BOD,
coming from the use of the DBA.
Historically the plant had been able
to comply with all of the discharge
limits except Selenium. This paper
will review the steps taken to bring
Selenium under control and outline
the technical issues that
complicate Selenium control in
high TDS wastewater.
Selenium Reduction MAREK MIERZEJEWSKI, USFilter, a Siemens Business, Glen Allen, VA
Issues in a Coal Fired
Power Plant
Membrane Technologies PETER S. CARTWRIGHT, P.E., Cartwright Consulting Company, Minneapolis, The pressure driven membrane
for Wastewater Reuse MN separation technologies of
Applications microfiltration, ultrafiltration,
nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis
are well suited to wastewater
reclamation and reuse. In this
paper, the technologies are
defined and system designs
detailed. Testing requirements will
Page 725 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Membranes, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, backwash, air-
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scour
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Page 726 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-62~1
IWC-05-75 Paper
Page 727 of 5199 01/27/2018

detailed. Testing requirements will
be examined , applications
addressed, and case histories
dscribed.
Two Stage Clarification ROBERT APPLEGATE, Graver Water Systems, LLC, Cranford, NJ
Process Ensures
Consistent Performance
Who is Responsible for Wolman, A.

Our Water?
Microfiltration Performance GLEN P. SUNDSTROM, USFilter Memcor Products, Rockford, IL, RUSS This paper presents recent
Enhancement Using an SWERDFEGER, USFilter Memcor Products, Colorado Springs, CO advancements in membrane
Air-Scour, Air-Assisted filtration. The new process
Backwash Regime incorporates an improved
membrane technology with a new
low-pressure liquid backwash
regime that utilizes less energy
and increases water recovery.
Suitable for new or retrofit of
existing installations, this process
reduces capital and operating
costs of membrane filtration
systems.
Microfiltration Performance GLEN P. SUNDSTROM, USFilter Memcor Products, Rockford, IL, RUSS
Enhancement Using an SWERDFEGER, USFilter Memcor Products, Colorado Springs, CO
Air-Scour, Air-Assisted
Page 728 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Environmental Assessment
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None
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Page 729 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-76 Paper
Page 730 of 5199 01/27/2018

Backwash Regime
Microfiltration Performance JOHN POTTS, Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., West Palm Beach, FL
Enhancement Using an
Air-Scour, Air-Assisted
Backwash Regime
Removal of Weakly AVIJIT DEY, Ph.D., Omexell, Inc., Houston, TX Power and semiconductor
Ionized Species by Cross- manufacturers are expanding their
Flow Spiral Wound EDI management systems beyond the
Modules quality focus of ISO 9000 to
include environmental
performance by becoming ISO
14000 certified. One of the major
programs of the ISO 14000 system
in the manufacturing facility is the
modification of the production
process to reduce usage of
hazardous chemicals. The cost of
complying with environmental
regulation is an important driver in
the decision to replace
conventional mixed bed deionizers
by electrodeionization, EDI,
technology. The subjects of the
present study is the effect of
applied current, product flow rate,
feed water quality, and
temperature on the silica rejection
Page 731 of 5199 01/27/2018

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http://www.eswp.com
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Electrodeionization, SWEDI, cross-flow, current density,

http://www.eswp.com
SWE-factor, pKa, silica, boron
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Page 732 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-77 Report
Page 733 of 5199 01/27/2018

temperature on the silica rejection
of the spiral wound EDI modules
with cross flow concentrate design.
The aim of the mathematical
modeling developed based on the
experimental data in this paper is
to obtain a performance equation
to estimate the role of each of
these factors in the resulting silica
rejection of the spiral wound EDI
modules.
Removal of Weakly DAVID F. TESSIER, Ph.D., GE Water & Process Technologies, Guelph, Ontario,
Ionized Species by Cross- Canada
Flow Spiral Wound EDI
Modules
A Triple Membrane ALLISON M. MOODY, GE Mobile Water, Norfolk, VA The triple membrane system
Process Utilizing Long consists of the following
Path Homogeneous technologies: Reverse Osmosis,
Membrane EDI Units to RO, Gas Transfer Membrane,
Produce Deionized Water GTM,, and Electrodeionization,
EDI. The modified second-
generation design employs higher
square feet of RO and GTM
membrane and an EDI module
equipped with homogeneous
membrane and a longer path
length. This paper will compare the
Page 734 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
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Triple Membrane Process, Reverse Osmosis, Gas Transfer

http://www.eswp.com
Membrane, Electrodeionization, Homogenous,
Heterogeneous Membrane
rder_form.html
Page 735 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-78 Report
IWC-05-79 Paper
Page 736 of 5199 01/27/2018

differences of the long and short
path EDI units, as well as the
differences, advantages and
disadvantages, of homogeneous
and heterogeneous membrane
usage in EDI units. Operational
data from a southeast installation
may be used to emphasize results
and observations.
Outsourced Water RUSSELL HOURIGAN, GABRIEL NICOLAIDES, Ontario Power Generation, An outsourced Water Treatment
Treatment Plant for Boiler Pickering, Ontario, Canada, MICHAEL DEJAK, Eco-Tec Inc., Pickering, Ontario, Plant featuring down flow micro
Make-up Water: Case Canada media filters, reverse osmosis
Study units and short bed demineralizers
designed to produce 66 l/s of
makeup water for eight (8)
functioning reactor-turbine units
has been running for almost 4
years. Individual equipment and
overall plant performance is
assessed and plant optimization
discussed.
Boiler Feed Water BRIAN MILLER, JORGE MUNOZ, FRED WIESLER, Membrana – Industrial Membrane Contactors have been
Degasification Using Separations, Charlotte, NC used to remove dissolved oxygen
Membrane Contactors — in boiler feed water systems for
New Methods for years. This report reviews various
Optimized Performance system designs and discusses
how Membrane Contactors can be
Page 737 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
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membrane, contactors, degassing, degasification,

http://www.eswp.com
deaeration, boiler, boiler feed water, corrosion control,
hollow fiber, microporous, hydrophobic, oxygen removal,
rder_form.html
carbon dioxide removal
Page 738 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-80 Report
Page 739 of 5199 01/27/2018

optimized in boiler feed water
applications for removal of
dissolved oxygen as well as
carbon dioxide. The report also
highlights what advantages
membrane systems have over
conventional oxygen and carbon
dioxide removal technologies. New
methods of degassing that improve
the overall performance of
Membrane Contactors in boiler
feed water systems will also be
introduced.
Boiler Feed Water WILLIAM S. MILLER, GE Mobile Water, Inc., Norfolk, VA
Degasification Using
Membrane Contactors —
New Methods for
Optimized Performance
A New Easy, Accurate, BONNIE L. HARRIS, Nalco Company, Burlington, Ontario, Canada, ROGER W. The success of boiler water
Reliable Test Method for FOWEE, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL treatment programs is contingent
All Organic Programs upon feeding the recommended
Improves Boiler Reliability product dosage to the feedwater.
This paper will discuss the
advancements made in tracer
technology that make monitoring
and controlling the recommended
boiler feedwater treatment dosage
Page 740 of 5199 01/27/2018

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None
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Page 741 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-05-81 Report
Page 742 of 5199 01/27/2018

quicker, easier and more accurate.
This testing methodology can also
be used to measure a number of
valuable boiler parameters such as
boiler cycles, holding time,
percentage of condensate, gross
carryover, feedwater pump
efficiency or fingerprint the
blowdown valve. Case studies will
be used to highlight the impact this
new testing method has had on
boiler operations. This new testing
method is considered to be a new
boiler best practice. This paper will
also highlight the advancements
made in all-polymer feedwater
treatment programs. Both of these
advancements significantly
improve boiler feedwater treatment
efficiency and boiler reliability.
High Rate Combined JERRY PHIPPS, P.E., USFilter, Ames, IA, GLEN SUNDSTROM, USFilter, Waste production and footprint are
Solids Contacting and Rockford, IL important considerations in the
Thickening Minimize design of any industrial water
Footprint and Maximize treatment plant. Many industrial
Treatment water treatment facilities use lime
softening to reduce hardness,
suspended solids, silica and other
Page 743 of 5199 01/27/2018

Solids Contact, Clarifiers, Lime Softening, Thickening,

http://www.eswp.com
Sludge, Boiler Feed, Cooling Tower Makeup, Process Wate
rder_form.html
Page 744 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-01 Paper
Page 745 of 5199 01/27/2018

potential foulants in their cooling
water, boiler feed and other
process water systems. A recently
developed package plant
combines solids contact reaction
and sludge thickening in a single
tank. This design eliminates
transfer pumps, interconnecting
piping, valves and instruments
while reducing overall footprint.
The process, along with pilot-scale
and full-scale results, will be
discussed.
None JEFFREY HOFFMAN, USA. Department of Energy, National Testing
Laboratories
Controlling Water Moderator: Deborah Bloom, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL,
Chemistry in High
Pressure Boiler Systems
Start-ups and Cycling of Moderator: Edward Beardwood, Ashland Chemical Drew Division, Ajax, Ontario,
HRSGs in Combined
Cycle Plants
The Legionella Shift: How MALCOLM TURVEY, Ashland Netherlands, B.V., Drew Industrial, Barendrecht, Since Legionnaires’ disease was
the Risk from The Netherlands; JOANNE KUCHINSKI, Ashland Water Technologies, Drew discovered in the United States in
Legionnaires' Disease has Industrial, Boonton, NJ 1976 there have been periodic
Changed the Perception of outbreaks reported from around
Water Treatment the world. The first legislative
Page 746 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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Page 747 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 748 of 5199 01/27/2018

attempt to mandate Legionella risk
minimization practices occurred in
the UK in 1987. From there, other
European countries followed suite,
producing their own variations.
However, in the U.S. there has
been a different evolutionary
process. This has led to a disparity
in risk management practices
between the U.S. and Europe in
everything from how risk is
assessed to the type of treatment
program applied. There are even
differences between the types of
water handling systems
considered to present the most risk
with the U.S. placing emphasis on
institutional hot and cold water
systems and, industrial cooling
towers being the European
focus._x000D_
The onset of legislation specifically
geared toward managing the
proliferation of Legionella in
cooling systems has resulted in
changes to treatment program
regimes. Not only are product
Page 749 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 750 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-02 Paper
Page 751 of 5199 01/27/2018

selection, control, and monitoring
programs impacted, but so also
are the economics of maintaining
the treatment program.
Management systems and record
keeping are key areas where
differences have emerged. This
paper provides a brief historical
account of how legislation has
influenced the development,
implementation and monitoring of
European Legionella risk
management programs and how
those differ from the United States.
The Legionella Shift: How WILLIAM F. McCOY, Ph.D., Phigenics, Inc., Naperville, IL
the Risk from
Legionnaires' Disease has
Changed the Perception of
Water Treatment
Legionella and Biofilm MARTIN NOSOWITZ, ARKEMA Inc., King of Prussia, PA, PAUL PUCKORIUS, Hydrogen peroxide provides
Control with Hydrogen Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO unique oxidizing and dispersing
Peroxide properties as an excellent biomass
removal and control biocide for
cooling water systems. Removal of
biomass also removes Legionella
hideout and viability. Properties of
hydrogen peroxide versus other
Page 752 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
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Legionella, Legionellosis, Legionnaire’s Disease, Biofilms,

http://www.eswp.com
Cooling_x000D_
Systems, Hydrogen Peroxide, Oxidizing Biocide
rder_form.html
Page 753 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-03 Report
IWC-06-04 Report
Page 754 of 5199 01/27/2018

oxidants are compared and its
effectiveness for Legionella control
is reviewed along with several
case histories.
Legionella and Biofilm MARTIN NOSOWITZ, ARKEMA Inc., King of Prussia, PA, PAUL PUCKORIUS,
Control with Hydrogen Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO
Peroxide
Legionella and Biofilm CHARLES ASCOLESE, GE Water & Process Technologies, Trevose, PA
Control with Hydrogen
Peroxide
Sampling and Analyzing DOUGLAS TOAL, Aerotech P&K, Cherry Hill, NJ This report covers where to
Environmental Samples sample in potable and on-potable
for Legionella Bacteria water systems and the advantages
and disadvantages ofdifferent
analytical methods. The discussion
includes details of sampling and
result interpretation, and where
legionella can be found in the
engineering environment.
Rapid Legionella and GEORGE ASPREY, Microbiological Labs, Streetsboro, OH; PAUL PUCKORIUS, DNA microbiological testing of
Biofilm Identification by Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, CO cooling water system samples has
DNA been extremely beneficial both
being rapid and more accurate
than often used methods.
Expansion of this new technique
provides a practical, accurate, and
Page 755 of 5199 01/27/2018

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None
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None
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Page 756 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-19 Report
IWC-06-05 Paper
Page 757 of 5199 01/27/2018

rapid identification of Legionella
bacteria that will help investigation
of possible sources. Case histories
are discussed along with a review
of typical analysis results
Effective Monitoring of Ion ROBERT HOLLOWAY, Holloway Associates, Etobicoke, ON, Canada This report outlines pretreatment
Exchange Pretreatment system monitoring issues that will
System Performance allow operators to detect, diagnose
and correct problems in the
developmental stages. Efficient
monitoring of ion exchange units
and systems serves multiple
purposes. Efficiency of operation is
optimized and potential problems
are identified as they begin to
develop. Corrective action can be
implemented before the problems
escalate, cause damage to power
train components and _x000D_
impact productivity.
Multi-Parameter Analytical SCOTT CROSIER, Hach Company, Fairport, NY New systems are available to
"Fingerprinting" For the monitor multiple analytical
Identification of Water parameters through a single
Contamination Events in sample line, allowing users to
Potable and Process establish baseline monitoring and
Water a “normal” profile, and indicate or
alarm a quality profile change.
Page 758 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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Page 759 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-06 Paper
Page 760 of 5199 01/27/2018

Event monitors add an important
diagnostic feature to the system by
automatically interpreting data
from multiple instruments to
determine a baseline. This
presentation will discuss some of
the potential sources of
contamination in a plant’s potable
and process water lines, and
review some of the key analytical
parameters typically included on a
single, integrated contamination
event monitor. Examples will be
provided of “fingerprints” that
incorporate a combination of
readings to calculate the trigger
point for a contamination event
Multi-Parameter Analytical COLLEEN M. LAYMAN, P.E., Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
"Fingerprinting" For the
Identification of Water
Contamination Events in
Potable and Process
Water
Calcium Removal from PETER MEYERS, ResinTech, Inc., Inc., West Berlin, NJ Calcium, element No. 20 and the
Water fifth most prevalent element of the
earth’s crust, is almost always
found in naturally occurring water
Page 761 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Calcium, Precipitation, Removal by Ion Exchange

http://www.eswp.com
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Page 762 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-07 Report
Page 763 of 5199 01/27/2018

supplies. Sparingly soluble, it often
causes problems with scale
formation, necessitating its
removal from water. Although
calcium and magnesium are both
considered hardness ions and
generally lumped together as total
hardness, it is calcium that most
commonly forms scale.
Magnesium salts are generally
more soluble than calcium and are
less likely to cause problems. This
paper focuses on calcium removal
methods, primarily those of
precipitation and ion exchange.
Calcium Removal from ALLEN L. FARBER, Bechtel National, Frederick, MD
Water
Effect of pH and Silica on MICHAEL GOTTLIEB, PETER MEYERS, ResinTech, Inc., West Berlin, NJ A hybrid ion exchange
Arsenic Selective Medias resin/adsorbent is now being used
for arsenic removal. To be re-used,
the resin must be completely
stripped of arsenic and other
contaminants that have loaded
during the service exchange, and
then the resin must be returned to
a neutral state for use in potable
Page 764 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange, Hybrid, Arsenic, Arsenic Removal, Silica,
http://www.eswp.com
Selective
rder_form.html
Page 765 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-08 Paper
Page 766 of 5199 01/27/2018

a neutral state for use in potable
water systems. In this paper we
present information on how arsenic
and other contaminants exchange
into the resin phase and then load
onto the adsorbent. The amount
of hybrid material in the media
used for these experiments is
much less than the current
commercially available product.
On-Line Analysis of Water JOHN RICHARDSON, RICHARD H. TRIBBLE, RICHARD E. GEISLER, DALE P. A new on-line analysis platform is
Treatment Programs STUART, ChemTreat, Inc., Ashland, VA, MICHAEL G. TRULEAR, ChemTreat, discussed which details the use of
Inc., Glen Allen, VA a multi-component reagent based
analyzer for use in industrial water
treatment. The analyzer is capable
of measurement and control of
multiple key active treatment
components, including polymeric
dispersants, corrosion inhibitors
and oxidizing biocides. Case
histories and laboratory data are
presented which demonstrate the
features of the analyzer in a variety
of water treatment chemistries and
applications
On-Line Analysis of Water SAL ESPOSITO, GE Water And Process Technologies, Trevose, PA
Treatment Programs
Page 767 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 768 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-09 Paper
IWC-06-10 Report
Page 769 of 5199 01/27/2018

Prediction and Monitoring DOUGLAS B. DEWITT-DICK, Ashland Specialty Chemical Company, Portland, An on-line fouling monitor was
of Fouling in Recirculating TX; EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Ashland Water Technologies, Toronto,ON., employed to obtain over five
Cooling Water System Canada million hours of data on fouling in
Heat Exchangers recirculating cooling water heat
exchangers. From these data a
model was developed to predict
cooling water heat exchanger
fouling performance irrespective of
water chemistry. The predictive
index was subsequently applied to
actual operating exchangers with
excellent correlation. A Case study
is presented demonstrating
verification of the predictive index.
Prediction and Monitoring EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Ashland Water Technologies, Toronto,ON.,
of Fouling in Recirculating Canada
Cooling Water System
Heat Exchangers
Prediction and Monitoring DAVID SCHLOTTENMIER, Bridger Scientific, Sagamore Beach, MA
of Fouling in Recirculating
Heat Exchangers
Evaluation of Scale JESUS MARIN-CRUZ, ARQUEMEDES ESTRADA MARTINEZ, Instituto In this work calcium carbonate
Inhibitors for Cooling Mexicano del Petróleo, C.P., Mexico scale is induced by means an
Page 770 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Wilson Plot; fouling factor; Hydrothermal Stress Coefficient;
http://www.eswp.com
residence time; cost of ownership;
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http://www.eswp.com
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calcium carbonate scale, carbon steel, EIS, cooling towers

http://www.eswp.com
Page 771 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-11 Report
Page 772 of 5199 01/27/2018

Waters Using electrochemical treatment, from an
Electrochemical aqueous solution simulating the
Impedance Spectroscopy average composition of cooling
waters used in the Mexican oil
industry. Comparison of
electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy, EIS, spectra
obtained with different dosages of
scale inhibitor during induction to
spectra obtained without inhibitor
facilitates evaluation of scale
inhibition on carbon steel surfaces
by, HEDP, hydroxyethylidene
diphosphonic acid, effect at
different dosages. Results
obtained using this method
demonstrate the applicability of
electrochemical techniques in
evaluating the effectiveness of
scale inhibitors for protecting metal
surfaces in cooling systems as well
as its utility for developing new
inhibitors.
None Dr. WILLIAM H. JOYCE, CEO Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
FGD Waste Water DEVESH MITTAL, JACK HOSKIN, Aquatech International Corporation, This report highlights the
Blowdown Treatment and Canonsburg, PA problematic contaminants in the
Zero Liquid Discharge FGD, flue gas desulfurization
Page 773 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
None
Flue Gas Desulfurization, FGD, Waste WaterTreatment,

http://www.eswp.com
Selenium Removal, Biological Treatment, Dibasic acid
treatment, Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD, Brine Concentrator,
Page 774 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-12 Report
IWC-06-13 Report
Page 775 of 5199 01/27/2018

Zero Liquid Discharge FGD, flue gas desulfurization
wastewater. It also outlines the
options being developed and / or
implemented in the industry today
to tackle the growing demand for
FGD wastewater treatment. An
increasing number of plants are
being forced to extend the
traditional physical chemical
treatment process for Zero Liquid
Discharge, and add: An aerobic
biological treatment system for
removal of boilogical oxygen
demand, BOD, from dibasic acid:
An anaerobic biological system for
removal of selenates
Start-up, Commissioning, LANNY WEIMER, WILLIAM HEINS, GE Water & Process Technologies,
and Operational Data Bellevue, WA
From the World's First
SAGD Facilities
Using_x000D_
Evaporators to Treat
Produced Water for Boiler
Feedwater
ZLD Systems for Power MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation, Overland Park, KS Zero liquid discharge, ZLD,
Plants designs continue to gain popularity
in the power industry.
Page 776 of 5199 01/27/2018

treatment, Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD, Brine Concentrator,
rder_form.html
Crystallizer
Brine concentration, crystallization, reverse osmosis,

http://www.eswp.com
wastewater treatment, water management, zero liquid
discharge
rder_form.html
Page 777 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-14 Paper
Page 778 of 5199 01/27/2018

Environmental restrictions on
discharges, limited water supplies,
and the need for expedited
permitting of generation facilities
are contributing factors. This paper
discusses the ZLD selection
process. The advantages and
disadvantages of alternative
processes are presented. Factors
considered include local
environmental regulations,
meteorology, supply water
chemistry, plant operating protocol,
delivery schedule, constructability,
sensitivity to water balance upsets,
capital costs, O&M costs, staffing
requirements, reliability, and
contractor risk
Desalination of Produced LNSP NAGGHAPPAN, N.A.Water Systems, a Veolia Water Solutions & A proprietary optimized
Water using OPUS Technology Company, Pittsburgh, PA pretreatment and unique
Technology separation process is designed to
use chemical softening, media
filtration, ion exchange softening,
cartridge filtration and reverse
osmosis, RO, with pretreatment
processes ahead of the RO that
are designed to reduce the oil,
Page 779 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Boron Removal, Desalination, Fouling Control, Organics

http://www.eswp.com
Removal, Produced Water, Silica Removal, Tertiary Water
Reuse
rder_form.html
Page 780 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-15 Report
Page 781 of 5199 01/27/2018

hardness, metals and suspended
solids in the feed water. The
process is used for desalination of
complex feed waters, such as
produced water, with high
concentrations of silica, organics,
hardness, boron and particulates.
demonstration of the technology at
an oil production facility in the
southwestern United States.
Challenges and obstacles faced
during the study will be described,
as well as advantages of the
technology for control of organic
fouling and silica scaling across
the membranes.
Desalination of Produced CAROLINE WILSON MUSSBACHER, Encana Oil & Gas Partnership, Calgary,
Water using OPUS AB, Canada
Technology
High Efficiency De-oiling MICHAEL K. BRIDLE, WorleyParsons MEG Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada Rising fuel costs have forced
for Improved Produced thermal heavy oil operators to seek
Water Quality alternative equipment for steam
generation. Drum Boilers have the
flexibility to fire a range of fuels,
but require a higher boiler feed
water quality than Once Through
Page 782 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Heavy Oil; De-oiling; Produced Water; Boiler Feed-water;
http://www.eswp.com
Once Through Steam Generators; Drum Boilers; Alternate
Fuels; Ceramic Membranes; Ion Exchange Resins
rder_form.html
Page 783 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-16 Report
IWC-06-17 Paper
Page 784 of 5199 01/27/2018

water quality than Once Through
Steam Generators, OTSGs.
Improved de-oiling processes are
needed to achieve the Drum Boiler
feed-water quality and reduce the
potential for tube failures in
OTSGs.
Fresh, Produced, and MELONIE MYSZCZYSZYN, Canadian Natural Resources Limited, Bonnyville, This report will provide an
Newest Brackish Water AB, Canada overview of the existing fresh
Ion Exchange Treating at water , produced water , and the
the CNRL Wolf Lake newest brackish water ion
Thermal Operations exchanger systems with strong
and weak resins in operation at the
Canadian Natural Resources
Limited, Wolf Lake Facility in
Alberta Canada. In addition, the
ease of integration and operational
challenges of introducing the new
brackish stream into the boiler feed
water commingled stream and
existing plant infrastructure are
discussed.
Water Reuse in Alberta RAFAEL GAY-DE-MONTELLA, SHULAMIT KULTNER, Colt Engineering The paper briefly reviews Alberta’s
Heavy Oil Extraction Corporation, Calgary, AB, Canada Very Heavy Oil extraction &
present status of technology.
Complexity of design and
optimization of interlocked
Page 785 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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Page 786 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-18 Paper
IWC-06-20 Paper
Page 787 of 5199 01/27/2018

sequential Unit Operations and
Basic Processes aimed at
achieving efficient economic
processes for water reuse and
typical design criteria for selection
of units. Outline of difficulties to
explore alternate processes and
immediate emerging technologies.
Water Reuse in Alberta CAROLINE WILSON MUSSBACHER, EnCana Oil and Gas Partnership,
Heavy Oil Extraction Calgary, AB, Canada, GORDON PAGE, Encana, Calgary, AB, Canada
Two Stage Clarification RICHARD R. ROSS, PE, Siemens Water Technologies, Chalfont, PA, ERIC A. Single-stage clarification
Process Ensures LAWRENCE, Siemens Water Technologies, Ames, IA., & GLEN P. processes have been used for
Consistent Performance SUNDSTROM, Siemens Water Technologies, Rockford, IL. decades. However, these
processes have limitations on
process parameters. A recently
developed high-rate two-stage
clarifier addresses these
limitations. The resulting compact
system has a wide range of
applications. The two-stage
clarification process offers
consistent performance, virtually
eliminating the potential for
process upset.
Sand Ballasted High Rate CHARLES D. BLUMENSCHEIN, P.E., DEE, ERICA LATKER, KASHI This paper will focus on the use of
Clarification Process for BANERJEE, N.A. Water Systems, a Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies a sand-ballasted high rate settling
Page 788 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Water Treatment, High rate, Clarification, Adsorption,
http://www.eswp.com
Settling, Solids, wastewater
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Clarification Process for BANERJEE, N.A. Water Systems, a Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies a sand-ballasted high rate settling
Treatment of Process Company, Moon Township, PA technology, for the treatment of
Water surface water as an effective
pretreatment system prior to
membrane systems used to
produce high purity water.
Sandballasted settling is a high-
rate
coagulation/flocculation/sedimentat
ion process that utilizes microsand
as a seed for floc formation. The
microsand provides a surface area
that enhances flocculation and
acts as a ballast or weight. The
resulting floc settles very fast,
allowing for compact clarifier
designs with high overflow rates
and short detention times. This
also permits the unit to perform
well, even when the inlet flow rate
and influent water quality
dramatically change, while still
producing high quality treated
effluent. The paper will discuss a
number of case studies
Sand Ballasted High Rate CHRIS HOWELL, Crown Solution, Inc., Vandalia, OH
Clarification Process for
Page 791 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 792 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-21 Report
IWC-06-22 Report
Page 793 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment of Process
Water
A New High Performance EMMANUEL DOUSSIERE, Aquasource, Toulouse, France This paper describes a new high
Dead-end Ultrafiltration performance dead-end
ultrafiltration process suitable for
turbid surface waters where the
main goals are to reduce operation
expenses and capital expenses.
This unit operates only in dead-
end mode but is equipped with
new functions enabling it to treat
water with higher or more variable
turbidity. In this paper, this new
process is described, piping and
instrumentation diagrams are
presented, and the results on
various surface waters in
comparison to traditional
ultrafiltration process are shown.
Innovative Membrane ERIK W. NOTTLESON, Inima USA, Brockton, MA The Taunton River Desalination
Waste Disposal for the Plant will produce up to 5 MGD of
Taunton River drinking water for Brockton, MA.
Desalination Plant The project consists of the open
water intake on a tidal river; the
treatment plant, with ultrafiltration
and reverse osmosis, UF-RO,
used to produce drinking water;
Page 794 of 5199 01/27/2018

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ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, dewatering, discharge

http://www.eswp.com
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Page 795 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-23 Report
Page 796 of 5199 01/27/2018

used to produce drinking water;
and a 17 mile pipeline. In response
to environmental, location and
logistical constraints, the project
team designed an innovative
recycle and discharge plan which
allowed the plant to be built.
Water Recovery from the ESAM ELSARRAG, Technical Studies Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE Because of the hot and humid
Atmosphere in Humid climate, United Arab Emirates,
Climates such as in United UAE, buildings have air
Arab Emirates (UAE) conditioning units. Water is
condensed from vapor in the in-
take stage of the air-conditioning
cycle. The water condensed from
an existing A/C system was
collected for further use. The
amounts of water calculated from
the A/C units were compared with
the measured quantities. The
results showed that by low cost
water treatment the atmospheric
water could be used as drinking
water. The average of water
condensation rate collected during
the experiments was about 20
kg/hr from 20-ton package unit.
The quantity of water recovered
Page 797 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 798 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-24 Report
IWC-06-25 Report
Page 799 of 5199 01/27/2018

makes it feasible for it to be used
for further applications. The
experiments demonstrate a cost
efficient means of water recovery,
which can be implemented in the
UAE as a means of water
conservation.
Water (Resource) PETER G. DEMAKOS, Niagara Blower Co., Buffalo, NY Closed-loop, evaporative coolers
Conservation Using (Wet Surface Air Coolers) can be
Closed-Loop, Evaporative used not only as heat transfer
Cooling Systems For devices, but also for water
Process_x000D_ conservation. Wet Surface Air
and Power Applications Coolers are used in a wide range
of heat transfer applications
including fluid cooling and vapor
condensing. In addition, they are
used for maintaining temperature
in wastewater streams, and as a
1st stage evaporator upstream of
equipment. One of the many
distinct advantages is the ability to
use of poor quality water
(blowdown, discharge, sea water,
etc.) as spray system makeup.
Department of SARA M. PLETCHER, BARBARA A. CARNEY, SARAH FORBES, U.S. This paper will provide background
Energy/National Energy Department of Energy - National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, information on the relationship
Page 800 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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IWC-06-26 Report
Page 802 of 5199 01/27/2018

Technology Laboratory's WV; ANDREA McNEMAR, Science Applications International Corporation, between water and thermoelectric
Power Plant Water Morgantown, WV power generation and describe the
Management R&D R&D activities currently being
Program sponsored by the Department of
Energy/Office of Fossil Energy’s
National Energy Technology
Laboratory program in the
following four areas: Non-
Traditional Sources of Process and
Cooling Water Innovative Water
Reuse and Recovery Advanced
Cooling Technology Advanced
Water Treatment and Detection
Technology
Submerged Membrane BALAKRISHNAN VISWANATH, TAO GUIHE, KIRAN KEKRE, Centre for This study was focused on the
Bioreactors for Water Advanced Water Technology, Singapore Util. Int'l.. PTE LTD., Singapore; technical feasibility of the
Reclamation HARRY SEAH, Public Utilities Board, Singapore submerged membrane bioreactor,
MBR, systems for water
reclamation, making a comparison
between various membrane
systems available and to get
operational experience in terms of
membrane cleaning and other
issues. Three MBR plants were
built at Bedok Water Reclamation
Plant with a minimum design flow
of 300m3/day each. Plate sheet ,
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Membrane bioreactor, TOC, Micro-filtration, Ultra-filtration,

http://www.eswp.com
Water reclamation.
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IWC-06-27 Report
Page 805 of 5199 01/27/2018

hollow fibre , and hollow fibre UF
membranes were installed
separately in these three plants.
The permeate quality of all the
three MBR Systems were found
equivalent to or better than that of
the conventional tertiary treatment
by ultrafiltration. A Gel layer or
dynamic membrane generated on
the submerged membrane surface
played an important role for the
lower MBR permeate total organic
carbon, TOC, than the supernatant
TOC in the membrane tank.
Legionella; Panel Panel Moderator: David Alley, Clearwater Systems Corp., Essex, CT
Innovated Bio-ecological GODEFROID BUKURU, YANG JIAN, Tongji University, Shanghai, China The paper presents the
Process for Municipal performance of an innovated
Sewage and Sludge process for synchronous sewage
Stabilization. and sludge stabilization. The
research is an attempt to modify
the conventional trickling filter
design by means of suppression or
reduction of the sludge-processing
facilities. The modified system
could constitute, for developing
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None
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Municipal Sewage, Anaerobic Upflow Reactor, Trickling
http://www.eswp.com
Filter, Microbial-Earthworm Filter, Integrated Bio-Ecological
Process, Developing Countries
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IWC-06-28 Report
Page 808 of 5199 01/27/2018

could constitute, for developing
countries, an optimal way of
treating municipal sewage with an
overall low stabilized sludge
production and high quality low
nutrient effluent at minimum capital
expenditure
Volatilization of LAWRENCE OWOPUTI, Ph.D., P.E., JERRY PENLAND, JOHN BALEWSKI, This study was to confirm that
Trihalomethanes from Big P.E., ATS-Chester Engineers, Pittsburgh, PA trihalomethanes, THM,s are
Wapwallopen Creek, subject to natural vaporization and
Pennsylvania become self-removed from the Big
Wapwallopen Creek in a relatively
short time and distance even
without any additional flow dilution.
Based on this, the rate at which
the regulated THMs are volatilized,
under the existing flow conditions,
were measured by taking samples
in 2003 and 2004 at varying
distances downstream from the
Mountaintop Area Joint Sanitary
Authority, MAJSA, discharge into
the creek. The results are
presented in this study. This paper
also includes discussion of an
alternative but more expensive
option that MASJA has chosen to
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Page 811 of 5199 01/27/2018

address the THM permit limits.
A Comprehensive Look at DAVID M. GRAY, Mettler-Toledo Thornton, Inc., Bedford, MA Conductivity has been the
Conductivity Measurement simplest, oldest, most common,
in Steam and Power most reliable and lowest cost
Generation Waters measurement used for determining
water purity in power and steam
generation equipment. Recent
innovations in measurement
accuracy, temperature
compensation, and sample
conditioning have enabled this
basic detection method to provide
more information and to expand its
use even further. Provided here
are the fundamentals and
application of conductivity
measurement as used in power
and steam generation, including
ionic conductance, cell constant,
measuring techniques and
temperature effects. In addition,
various means of sample
conditioning are discussed,
covering the measurements of
cation conductivity, degassed
cation conductivity, pH and cabon
dioxide calculations and even
Page 812 of 5199 01/27/2018

conductivity, cation conductivity, degassed cation

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conductivity, cycle chemistry, TOC, total organic carbon
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Page 814 of 5199 01/27/2018

TOC, total organic carbon,
measurements..
Is Cation Conductivity LUIS CARVALHO, PE,, GE Water & Process Technologies, Mississaugua, ON, Cation (or acid) conductivity is the
Monitoring Relevant For Canada; THOMAS JAMES, GE Water & Process Technologies, Oklahoma, OK; main control parameter in the cycle
Today’s Combined Cycle WILLIAM E. HUNTER, PowerSmith Cogeneration, Oklahoma City, OK_x000D_ chemistry of many combined-cycle
Power Plant? – I power plants today. However,
Yet_x000D_ hundreds of these systems
Another Case Study Says consistently fail to achieve cation
It Is Not. conductivity values that are
required to meet the strict steam
turbine specifications. This paper
describes the cycle history of a
combined cycle cogeneration plant
in the U.S. Southwest. Plant
records show that during its entire
operating life, cation conductivity
readings throughout the cycle
(condensate, feedwater, steam)
ranged between 2-5
microSiemens/cm. Organic matter
and other contaminants also
consistently exceeded
recommended industry guidelines.
However, several major turbine
inspections reveal a turbine in
excellent condition. The paper
describes other key cycle
Page 815 of 5199 01/27/2018

cation conductivity, cycle chemistry, combined cycle,

http://www.eswp.com
diethylhydroxylamine, neutralizing amine, flow-assisted
corrosion (FAC), acid anions, chloride
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chemistry data, including internal
treatment and condensate
treatment regimes, and proposes
alternative monitoring techniques
to cation conductivity
Online Ion BEVERLY NEWTON, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA This paper will answer many
Chromatography to questions about the advantages
Monitor Boiler Water and use of online IC for water and
Chemistry process streams. Controlling boiler
water chemistry for power plant
operation requires a reliable,
accurate, and efficient means for
real time sample analysis. On-line
analytical liquid chromatography,
such as ion chromatography, IC,
manages the process better than
benchtop, offline analysis.
Complete characterization with
multi-component analysis provides
more information than single
component or bulk property
measurements.
Experience and Use of STEPHEN J. SHULDER, Constellation Energy, MD Oxidation Potential Reduction,
Oxidation Reduction ORP, measurements may be used
Potential (ORP) in a variety of power plant
Measurements in Power processes including boiler cycle
Plant_x000D_ feedwater treatment, cooling water
Page 818 of 5199 01/27/2018

ion chromatography, boiler water, process monitoring, on-

http://www.eswp.com
line, analysis, ion chromatography
rder_form.html
Biocide addition, Corrosion control, Corrosion Product

http://www.eswp.com
Transport,_x000D_
Feedwater Treatment Programs, Hydrazine, Oxidation
rder_form.html
Reduction Potential (ORP),
Page 819 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 820 of 5199 01/27/2018

Applications treatment, make-up water
treatment, and wastewater
treatment. These measurements
are typically performed using a
platinum measuring electrode and
a silver/silver chloride reference
electrode containing a potassium
chloride solution. ORP is
influenced by the amount of
dissolved oxygen, oxidizing, and
reducing agents in a water sample.
In addition, ORP is also influenced
by pH, partial pressure of
hydrogen and oxygen, and the
materials in the system where the
measurement is made. ORP
measurements can be an effective
control method for maintaining an
oxidizing, neutral, or reducing
environment. This presentation
provides some examples of ORP
used to control plant processes
and some of the pitfalls to
avoid._x000D_
.
Experiences Associated Panel Moderator: Edward (Ted) Beardwood, Ashland Chemical Drew Division,
with Extended Lay-ups of Ajax, Ontario, Canada
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IWC-06-33 Paper
Page 823 of 5199 01/27/2018

Steam Geeration Systems
and Subsequent Return to
Service; Panel Discussion
Transcript
Aspects of Cycle Moderator: Deborah Bloom, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Chemistry Control in
Fossil-Fueled Steam
Generation Systems. A
Panel Discussion
Sponsored by the ASME
Research and Technology
Committee.
Towards a Resin-in-Pulp BEREND WASSINK, MARVIN NEUFELD, DAVID DREISINGER University of An iminodiacetic resin was used to
Process for Recovery of British Columbia - Dept. of Materials Engr., Vancouver, BC, Canada; GAVIN K. study possible recovery of low
Nickel and Cobalt from W. FREEMAN, Sherritt International Corporation, Calgary, AB, Canada levels of nickel and cobalt from
Laterite Leach Tailings: An washed laterite leach tailings
Iminodiacetic Acid Ion slurry. Tailings oxidation and iron
Exchange Resin as a precipitation at 45°C were studied
Prospective Resin using air and calcium carbonate
mud base. Loading curves were
determined as a function of pH
using synthetic and actual tailings
samples at 45°C. Stripping was
studied using various
concentrations of sulfuric acid at
50°C. Conditions for removal of
strongly retained ions were also
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Nickel, cobalt, recovery, tailings, resin-in-pulp, ion

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exchange and iminodiacetic.
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IWC-06-34 Paper
Page 826 of 5199 01/27/2018

investigated
Towards a Resin-in-Pulp BEREND WASSINK, MARVIN NEUFELD & DAVID DREISINGER University of
Process for Recovery of British Columbia - Dept. of Materials Engr., Vancouver, BC, Canada; GAVIN
Nickel and Cobalt from K.W. FREEMAN, Sherritt International Corporation, Calgary, AB, Canada
Laterite Leach Tailings: An
Iminodiacetic Acid Ion
Exchange Resin as a
Prospective Resin
Towards a Resin-in-Pulp CRAIG J. BROWN, P.Eng., Chemionex, Pickering, ON, Canada
Process for Recovery of
Nickel and Cobalt from
Laterite Leach Tailings: An
Iminodiacetic Acid Ion
Exchange Resin as a
Prospective Resin
Performance EDWARD ROSENBERG, Ph.D., CAROLYN HART, MARK HUGHES, Over the past ten years research
Improvements through VARADHARAJAN KAILASAM, JESSE ALLEN, JESSICA WOOD, BRIANNE at the University of Montana in
Structural Design and CROSS, University of Montana/ Purity Systems, Inc., Missoula, MT collaboration with Purity Systems
Comparisons with Inc, both located in Missoula,
Polystyrene Resins of Montana, has resulted in a novel
Silica Polyamine class of chelator materials
Composites composed of amorphous,
nanoporous silica gels and
modified polyamines. These
materials offer some distinct
advantages over conventional
polystyrene based resins
Page 827 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Ion Exchange, Chelator Materials, Nanoporous Composite

http://www.eswp.com
Materials, Immobilized Metals
rder_form.html
Page 828 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-35 Paper
Page 829 of 5199 01/27/2018

especially for applications in the
mining industry. This paper will
report on some recent advances in
the technology, some direct
comparisons with polystyrene
resins and proof of concept studies
on the development of anion
capturing materials made by
immobilizing highly charged metal
ions on various silica-polyamine
supports
Performance NACEUR JEMAA, MICHAEL PALEOLOGOU, Pulp And Paper Research Institute
Improvements through Of Canada, Pointe Clair, QE, Canada
Structural Design and
Comparisons with
Polystyrene Resins of
Silica Polyamine
Composites
Metal Removal and PAUL PAJUNEN, P.Eng., MICHAEL SHEEDY, P.Eng., Eco-Tec Inc., Pickering, Ion exchange has historically
Recovery from Process ON, Canada proven, in certain applications, to
Solutions using Short Bed be an effective method for the
Ion Exchange metal finishers to minimize waste,
ensure effluent compliance,
provide water recycle, and even
produce a concentrate suitable for
recycle back to the process bath.
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Page 832 of 5199 01/27/2018

One of the more interesting
innovations in ion exchange
technology over the past few
decades has been the short bed
ion exchange process. Typical
applications using this process
involve the recovery of nickel salts
from rinse water, the removal of
contaminants from chromic acid
plating solutions, and the removal
of Al from anodizing and etching
baths.
Metal Removal and PHILIP W. FATULA, Sybron Chemicals Inc., a Lanxess Company, Pittsburgh,
Recovery from Process PA
Solutions using Short Bed
Ion Exchange
Designing HRSG’s for LEWIS R. DOUGLAS, PE, JOSEPH E. SCHROEDER, Nooter Eriksen, Fenton, With U.S. combined-cycle plants
Cycling MO increasingly being cycled-rather
than being run continuously, as
they were designed to do,
owner/operators worry that units
expected to last two or three
decades may survive only a few
years without an expensive
overhaul. Cycling takes as much of
a toll on heat recovery steam
generators as it does on gas
Page 833 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 835 of 5199 01/27/2018

turbines. Whether you’re procuring
a new heat recovery steam
generators or adapting an existing
one for cycling service, robust
design features should be
considered
Chemistry Challenges for DAVID G. DANIELS, Mechanical & Materials Engineering, LLP, Austin, TX Heat recovery steam generators,
Cycling Heat Recovery HRSGs, that operate in cycling
Steam Generators mode must examine their chemical
practices and operating limits
carefully. Challenges include
getting a representative sample,
sample line contamination, and
changes in chemistry caused by
cycling. These challenges are
discussed using data collected
from a cycling HRSG.
Failure Analysis Case DAVID KOTWICA, GE Water & Process Techologies, The Woodlands, TX Over the last several years, a
Histories Associated with number of failures involving the
Start-Ups and Cycling of cyclic loading of heat recovery
Heat Recovery Steam steam generators, HRSG, were
Generators analyzed. These analyses
revealed similar fundamental
patterns in failure mechanisms.. In
many cases, the failures have
involved excessive changes in flue
gas temperature, cyclic load
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Page 837 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 838 of 5199 01/27/2018

operation, off-line ingress of
oxygen into the boiler feedwater,
and more aggressive start-up
loading rates. In this study, the
types of failures induced by cyclic
load operation are evaluated.
provided to illustrate the most
common forms of HRSG failure
modes during cyclic operation.
20 Years of Condensate BRIAN HOFFMAN, Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA
Polishing at San Onofre
Nuclear Generating
Station
Measurement of Iron CHARLES KUHFELDT, Ashland Water Technologies, Drew Industrial, Boonton, Start-up and shutdown of heat
Oxide Throw Associated NJ recovery steam generators results
with Start-Ups and Cycling in thermal stresses that can lead to
of Heat Recovery Steam premature failure of evaporator
Generators in Combined tubes from thermal fatigue and
Cycle Power Plants corrosion fatigue. These potential
failures can be predicted and the
severity of the problem can be
partially characterized by
measurement of the iron oxide
concentration in the evaporator
sections and the feedwater during
the start-up thermal stress period.
Page 839 of 5199 01/27/2018

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protective oxides, exfoliation, oxygen scavenger,

http://www.eswp.com
passivator, passivation
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Page 840 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-40 Paper
Page 841 of 5199 01/27/2018

Several different start-up scenarios
have been monitored and
measured. The iron oxide thrown
form the tube surfaces are often
called a “crud burst.” The iron
oxide “crud burst” profile data are
presented along with the water
chemistry type and the start-up
conditions.
Reverse Osmosis JANE KUCERA, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL The use of reverse osmosis, RO,
Troubleshooting: has grown tremendously over the
Improving RO last 10 years, as advancements in
Performance technology continue to lead to
economic justification of RO, and
as more operators and plant
managers gain familiarity with RO.
To keep RO systems operating
optimally, operators need to
understand how an RO system
works, including how to inspect or
“troubleshoot” a system. The ability
to troubleshoot and correctly
diagnose a problem with an RO
system is critical to keeping the
system on line. This paper
describes RO troubleshooting
techniques to prevent system
Page 842 of 5199 01/27/2018

reverse osmosis, troubleshooting, data normalization,

http://www.eswp.com
profiling and_x000D_
probing, membrane autopsy
rder_form.html
Page 843 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-41 Report
IWC-06-42 Report
Page 844 of 5199 01/27/2018

problems and to identify
mechanism
Reverse Osmosis JANE KUCERA, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Troubleshooting:
Improving RO
Performance
Reverse Osmosis MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation, Overland Park, KS
Troubleshooting:
Improving RO
Performance
Design, Construction and CHRISTINA HO, Consolidated Edison, New York, NY; JONATHAN WOOD, Con Edison’s East River
Operation of a 6,730 gpm Siemens Water Technologies, Ionpure Products, Lowell, MA Repowering Project, ERRP,
RO/CEDI System for Con included the installation of a 6,730
Edison's East River gpm RO/CEDI system for
Repowering Project production of makeup water. This
is believed to be the largest
reverse osmosis and continuous
electrodeionization, RO/CEDI,
system ever constructed for a
combined cycle makeup system.
This report describes design and
construction of the plant as well
operating experience from the first
year of commercial operation
Maximizing Membrane JOHN CLARK, Chemtrac Systems, Inc., Norcross, GA The performance of membranes
Performance through used in water treatment is affected
Pretreatment Optimization by the quality of the “applied”
Page 845 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Reverse osmosis, RO, Continuous electrodeionization,

http://www.eswp.com
CEDI, makeup water, boiler feed
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None
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Page 846 of 5199 01/27/2018
IWC-06-43 Paper
Page 847 of 5199 01/27/2018

water. Colloidal materials,
microbiological organisms, and
dissolved organics must be
removed ahead of the membranes
to ensure maximum performance.
This paper discusses innovative
uses of process control
instruments at a large generating
station
Condensate Polishing: An ROBERT A. APPLEGATE, MICHAEL J. O’BRIEN, Graver Water Systems, LLC, The term condensate polishing
Overview of Available Cranford, NJ encompasses a broad array of
Technologies, technologies, some quite basic,
Advantages, others fairly sophisticated. This
Disadvantages and paper will review the technologies
Economics in use, with a main focus to utility
condensate applications. The
technologies to be discussed will
include deep bed polishers; both
externally and off site regenerated,
precoat filter demineralizers and
membrane filtration systems.
Specific operating examples of
each type will be covered as well
as an overview of the system
economics.
Condensate Polishing: An KENNETH FREDERICK, Ion Exchange Associates, LLC, Smithville, WV
Overview of Available
Page 848 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Condensate Polishing, Pleated Membrane, Hollow Fiber

http://www.eswp.com
Filtration,_x000D_
Precoat Filter, Powdered Resin, Deep Bed Demineralizer,
rder_form.html
Mixed Bed Demineralizer
http://www.eswp.com
Page 849 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-44 Report
Page 850 of 5199 01/27/2018

Technologies,
Advantages,
Disadvantages and
Economics
New Procedure for WILLIAM E. BORNAK, Recirculation Technologies Inc., Warminster, PA The focus of this report is makeup
Removing Organic demineralizer systems, the so
Foulilng from Anion Resins called “water plants.” These
typically provide feedwater
makeup for boilers in a variety of
industrial operations, including
paper mills, chemical plants,
refineries, and central electric
generating stations. The systems
for lower pressure boilers comprise
cation and anion resins, “primary”
demineralizers. For boilers over
1000-1200 psi, the primaries are
invariably followed by mixed bed
polishers. This paper will not
discuss condensate polishers,
since our resin cleaning business
does not currently address their
unusual fouling problems. We also
do not address microelectronics or
pharmaceutical systems. Many of
the routine fouling problems seen
in other industries are not seen in
Page 851 of 5199 01/27/2018

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anion exchange resin, organic fouling, resin cleaning,

http://www.eswp.com
economics
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Page 852 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-45 Paper
IWC-06-46 Report
Page 853 of 5199 01/27/2018

these industries due to the latter’s
robust pretreatment designs
Unusual Items and GEORGE J. CRITS, Idreco, USA, West Chester, PA This is a second paper introducing
Procedures in Ion less familiar topics that may be
Exchange and Water, II encountered in water treatment
and ion exchange technology. It is
hoped these practical procedures
and items will help the operating
and design Engineers.
Unusual Items and CLAUDE GAUTHIER, P.Eng., The Purolite Company, Kitchener, ON, Canada
Procedures in Ion
Exchange and Water, II
Mixed Bed Resin Storage PETER MEYERS, FRANK DESILVA ResinTech, Inc., West Berlin, NJ Ion exchange resins are
reasonably stable materials and
depending on the ionic form, can
last many years. Mixed bed resins,
in their exhausted forms, can be
stored almost indefinitely.
However, hydroxide form strongly
basic anion resins and hydrogen
form strongly acidic cation resins
are not as stable and degrade
more rapidly, particularly when
exposed to air. Studies of the
stability of mixed bed resins that
were stored “dry” prior to use
shows a slow, but inexorable
Page 854 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Mixed Bed Resins, Storage, Deterioration, Liners
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 855 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-47 Report
Page 856 of 5199 01/27/2018

shows a slow, but inexorable
deterioration in quality, particularly
by an increase of TOC leachables
for resins stored in traditional
plastic drumliners. The rate of
these undesirable changes in the
resin properties can be reduced by
storage in gas barrier liners that
prevent oxygen and carbon dioxide
from reacting with the resin.
Mercury Separation from JOE LALLY, BOB GEC, Degussa Corporation, Parsippany, NJ; RUEDIGER Mercury containing flue gases are
Flue Gas Scrub Water with PELDSZUS, Degussa AG generated during the combustion
TMT 15 of coal, residual materials and
garbage. These gases are
effectively treated using wet
scrubbers where mercury is
transferred from the gas to the
liquid phase. Mercury and other
heavy metals must be removed
from the scrub water before it can
be discharged. A two-stage
treatment circuit has proven
successful in removing metals
from the scrub water using a
hydroxide precipitation step
followed by the precipitation of the
complexed metals with
Page 857 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 858 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-48 Report
Page 859 of 5199 01/27/2018

trimercapto-s-triazine, tri-sodium
salt (TMT). Four case studies are
shown demonstrating at use
conditions and results. Besides its
excellent ability to chemically bind
with mercury, TMT also features
favorable toxicological and
ecological properties. TMT is
particularly safe to handle and is
not regulated by the Department of
Transportation
New European Regulatory LAWRENCE M. GURNARI, N.A. Water Systems, a Veolia Water Solutions & Wet scrubber systems are used for
Requirements Drive Technologies company, Moon Township, PA; WILLIAM A. SHAW, HPD, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) at
Stringent FGD Purge Plainfield, IL; MICHAEL VENDRUP, TERKEL C. CHRISTENSEN, Kruger A/S, power plants that burn coal or fuel
Water Implementation Denmark oil. A liquid process stream, FGD
“purge” water, is produced, which
contains inorganic salts, organic
acids, and trace metals that must
be managed. Discharging purge
water into a receiving stream is
limited by several European
Council (EU) regulations, as are
the residuals produced from
treating the purge water. Chemical
conditioning followed by
precipitation is the conventional
treatment and process produces
Page 860 of 5199 01/27/2018

crystallization, thermal evaporation, brine concentrators,

http://www.eswp.com
sludge dewatering, sludge minimization, biological nutrient
removal, zero liquid discharge, ZLD
rder_form.html
Page 861 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-49 Report
Page 862 of 5199 01/27/2018

significant amounts of sludge
(residuals) containing the metals
separated from the purge water
stream, .which will be classified as
hazardous waste Conventional
physical-chemical designs cannot
reduce the organic load and salt
concentrations This paper looks at
the European regulatory drivers,
compares them to the U.S.
requirements, and presents
alternate treatment approaches for
treating FGD purge water
Analytical and Preparatory HAKAN GURLEYUK, Ph.D., RUSS GERARDS Applied Speciation and Many power plants are struggling
Issues Associated with Consulting, LLC, Tukwila, WA to meet the stringent NPDES
Total and Speciation permit limits on selenium
Analysis of Selenium discharges from their waste
streams as different analytical
methods can generate inaccurate
results for total selenium and
selenium speciation analyses.
Current EPA methods for the
determination of total and
dissolved selenium were not
designed for the complex waste
streams generated from power
plants. The sample collection
Page 863 of 5199 01/27/2018

Flue gas desulfurization, FGD, power plant, selenium

http://www.eswp.com
treatment, selenium analysis, selenium speciation, EPA
Methods, Ion Chromatography - Inductively Coupled
rder_form.html
Plasma – Mass Spectrometry, IC-ICP-MS, Hydride
Generation
Page 864 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-50 Paper
Page 865 of 5199 01/27/2018

container, preservative, digestion
technique, selenium species
present in solution, and applied
analytical method can have
significant impacts on the results.
Issues associated with various
sampling, preservation, digestion,
and analytical techniques will be
discussed to identify their
applicability to power plant
wastewater. Additional information
regarding the interaction of certain
selenium species will also be
reviewed
Enhanced Tube Fouling EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Ashland Water Technologies, Ajax, ON, Canada; Fouling of enhanced heat
under Cooling Water GEORGE F. HAYS, STEVEN J. COLBY, Ashland Water Technologies, Boonton, exchanger tubes has been a
Conditions NJ significant problem in the industry
since their introduction and. has
been shown to be a function of the
number of flutes present in the
enhanced tube. Field and
laboratory data indicate that
enhanced tubes biofoul more
rapidly and to higher fouling factors
than do traditional smooth tubes,
but. clean-up more rapidly than
smooth tubes when comparable
Page 866 of 5199 01/27/2018

enhanced heat exchanger tubes, inorganic crystallization

http://www.eswp.com
fouling, annular heat transfer test section, biofouling,
biodispersants, oxidizing biocides, bromine, chlorine,
rder_form.html
chlorine dioxide, biofilm monitoring
Page 867 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-71~19
Page 868 of 5199 01/27/2018

cleaning programs are employed.
The enhanced tube is less
susceptible to insitu inorganic
crystallization fouling than a
smooth tube. A novel monitor has
been developed to evaluate
biomass deposition and removal
under operating heat exchanger
conditions utilizing an enhanced
tube test section. The use of
biodispersants with oxidizing
biocides has demonstrated a
significant reduction in enhanced
tube biofouling. This paper will
review prior research and present
findings from recent pilot cooling
system studies
Enhanced Tube Fouling EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Ashland Water Technologies, Ajax, ON, Canada
Under Cooling Water
Conditions
Enhanced Tube Fouling JAY FARMERIE, Cyrus Rice Water Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA
Under Cooling Water
Conditions
Progress in Lazarchik, D. A.
Pennsylvania’s Pollution
Incident Prevention
Page 869 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
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Wastewater Treatment, Water Resource Management
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 870 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-40~03~D1
IWC-06-51 Paper
Page 871 of 5199 01/27/2018

Program
Prepared Discussion: Young, C. H.

Investigations of Spent
Pickling Wastes, Their
Treatment and Possible
Utilization.
Simultaneous Cleaning JASBIR S. GILL, Ph.D., AMIT GUPTA, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL Biofouling is one of the leading
and Disinfection of Cooling causes of thermal and
Water Systems hydrodynamic degradation of the
heat exchangers, including the
high efficiency fill in a cooling
tower. Literature data indicates
that in U.S. cooling towers, the
foulants that present in 90% of the
systems probably originate in
biofouling. Biofouling promotes
both inorganic mineral precipitation
and corrosion. In addition, fouled
cooling water systems are ideal
breeding grounds for pathogenic
microorganisms, such as
Legionella. Cleaning of inorganic
scale or disinfection as individual
components provide only a short-
lived partial solution to the removal
of foulants. This paper discusses a
new technology that
Page 872 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 873 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-52 Paper
Page 874 of 5199 01/27/2018

simultaneously removes both the
inorganic scale and organic
biofoulants. The benefits of this
new technology are presented and
are compared to the widely
practiced Wisconsin protocol
Simultaneous Cleaning ARTHUR J. FREEDMAN, Ph.D., Arthur Freedman Associates, Inc., East
and Disinfection of Cooling Stroudsburg, PA
Water Systems
Opportunities and Pitfalls: ANTON G. CALLERY, ITT Advanced Water Treatment/Portacel, Inc., The Designing control and application
The Successful Design Woodlands, TX systems for NaOCl, particularly in
and Implementation of commercial grade 12.5% sodium
Sodium Hypochlorite hypochlorite systems can be very
Systems onerous. Design considerations
have to include product quality,
dosing methodology, piping design
and sizing, scaling issues and
gasification problems. This paper
explores design challenges,
alternate dosing technologies,
advantages and disadvantages on
on-site generation, cost issues and
safety concerns inherent to the use
of sodium hypochlorite
Opportunities and Pitfalls: RAYMOND M. POST, P.E., GE Water & Process Technologies, Trevose, PA
The Successful Design
and Implementation of
Page 875 of 5199 01/27/2018

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NaOCl, Sodium Hypochlorite, Chemical feed, Disinfection
http://www.eswp.com
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http://www.eswp.com
Page 876 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-53 Paper
Page 877 of 5199 01/27/2018

and Implementation of
Sodium Hypochlorite
Systems
Environmental Effects of RUDOLF C. MATOUSEK, Severn Trent Services, Sugar Land, TX; DAVID W. The electrolytic generation of
Electrolytically Generated HILL, Severn Trent De Nora LLC, Sugar Land, TX; R. P. HERWIG, Ph.D., School biocides from seawater or from
Halogens for Biofouling of Aquatic & Fisher Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA brine is a proven, economical and
Control safe method for use in industrial
plants. When injected in the
cooling water circuits of electric
power stations or industrial plants,
on-site generated biocide provides
efficient protection to the
equipment against organic fouling
without undesirable side effects.
This paper presents data and
studies conducted on higher life
forms using electrolyzed seawater
followed by oxidant neutralization.
The paper also includes data on
the neutralizing agent and its
effects on the same higher life
forms. Toxicity tests were
conducted using tests with a
Mysid, larval fish, mussel, giant
kelp and Pacific herring. The
results reinforced the conclusion of
the previous work, that if seawater,
Page 878 of 5199 01/27/2018

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on-site hypochlorite generation, oxidant neutralization

http://www.eswp.com
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Page 879 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-54 Report
IWC-06-55 Report
Page 880 of 5199 01/27/2018

that has been electrolytically
treated is neutralized prior to
discharge, environmental effects
will be negligible
Environmental Effects of CHRISTOPHER J. NALEPA, Ph.D., Albemarle Corp., Baton Rouge, LA
Electrolytically Generated
Halogens for Biofouling
Control
Water, Water ERIC J. BECKMAN, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA Water, although often perceived to
Everywhere........? be an infinite resource, is fast
becoming a leading cause of
societal stress throughout the
world. In this lecture we will outline
the challenges facing engineers
with respect to water consumption
by domestic, industrial, and
agricultural users. We will discuss
possible new avenues for
research, while describing exciting
developments underway around
the world.
Water Consumption in JOHN GREENWALD, Mechanical Operations Co., Inc. & BOMA, Pittsburgh, PA Water and sewage costs in
Commercial Office commercial buildings are
Buildings constantly rising along with other
utility costs. Conservation is not
only for the environment, but it can
also help the bottom line. What is
Page 881 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 882 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-56 Report
Page 883 of 5199 01/27/2018

often overlooked is the fact that
monitoring the condition and the
consumption of water can have
huge implications in:-the efficiency
of cooling systems, the efficiency
of heating systems, the
effectiveness of the water
distribution systems.
Business Continuity MICHAEL SMITH, ReadySmith, Inc., Oakville, ON, Canada A comprehensive Readiness
Planning Program foresees damaging
events, however low their
probability, and readies the
organization for: •Emergencies -
intruders, chemical spills, bomb
threats •Crises - death of key
executives, negative reports in the
media, lawsuits, product liabilities •
Manmade disasters - cyber
terrorism, viruses, strikes, theft,
civil unrest •Natural disasters -
hurricanes, floods, mudslides,
tornados, ice storms. The long
range Readiness Program plan
should be driven by both an
assessment of the organization’s
current readiness and an
assessment of the threats and
Page 884 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 885 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-06-57 Report
IWC-06-58 Report
IWC-07-02 Report
Page 886 of 5199 01/27/2018

risks the organization faces.
Intellectual Property KEITH G. HADDAWAY, Ph.D., Esq., CLIFTON E. McCANN, Esq., Venable LLP, Aspects of an intellectual property
Protection – Avoiding Loss Washington, DC program include internal
of Trade Secrets development and protection of
intellectual property; avoiding
unwanted disclosure of confidential
information; and assertion of rights
against competitors. Trade secrets
are an important part a company’s
intellectual property. This paper
will focus on considerations
associated with protection of trade
secrets through employee
agreements and other steps to
avoid unwanted disclosures.
ZLD: General Topics of DANIEL BJORKLUND, AquaChem ICD,
Interest
Application of Activated GARY L. HATCH, Ph.D., TARA KOELE, Pentair Filtration, Inc., Sheboygan, WI Historical records indicate that
Carbon Technologies in crude forms of activated carbon,
Supplemental Point-of-Use AC, – charcoal from wood char,
(POU) and Point-of-Entry peat and coal - have been utilized
(POE) Drinking Water for improving the aesthetic quality
Treatment (taste, odor, clarity) of water for
several thousand years. Today
literally any starting material that
contains carbon can be processed
into useful articles or media that
Page 887 of 5199 01/27/2018

Intellectual Property, Trade Secret, Employee Agreement,

http://www.eswp.com
Patent, Confidentiality, Ownership, Confidentiality
Agreements
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None
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Page 888 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-03 Paper
Page 889 of 5199 01/27/2018

into useful articles or media that
have adsorptive properties for
treating liquids and gases. drinking
water treatment units that utilize
activated carbon provide
homeowners options to not only
make their water taste better but
also make it safer to drink.
Synthesis and ANIL KUMAR, SONNY SACHDEVA, Department of Chemical Engineering, We have prepared a crosslinked
Characterization of Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kalyanpur, India polystyrene anion exchange
Charged Polystyrene composite membrane for the
Membranes for the electrolysis of sodium chloride to
Electrodialysis of Sodium produce sodium hydroxide by
Chloride using Space selective removal of chloride ions.
Charge Model The composite membrane is
homogeneously modified by gas
phase nitration, followed by
amination using hydrazine hydrate
and further reaction with
dichloroethane and triethylamine to
introduce quaternary ammonium
charges on it. We showed that the
membrane is specific to the
transport of chloride ions through
its pores. The performance of the
membrane has been evaluated in
terms of current efficiency and
Page 890 of 5199 01/27/2018

Anion Exchange Membrane, Membrane Electrolysis,

http://www.eswp.com
Polystyrene, Space Charge Model, Effective Wall
PotentialNone
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Page 891 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-04 Report
Page 892 of 5199 01/27/2018

power consumption which were
obtained to be 96.5 % and 0.1216
kWh/mol, respectively. The two
dimensional Space charge model
in cylindrical coordinates has been
solved semi analytically to obtain
the effective wall potential and
pore size that characterize the
membrane and are difficult to
measure directly. The
experimentally obtained solute flux
and current density have been
fitted to the model and optimum
values of effective wall potential
and pore diameter have been
determined to be 0.4nm and 80
mV, respectively
Synthesis and JONATHAN WOOD, USFilter, Lowell, MA
Characterization of
Charged Polystyrene
Membranes for the
Electrodialysis of Sodium
Chloride using Space
Charge Model
High-Efficiency Filtration JASON P. FUES, JANE KUCERA, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL Reverse osmosis (RO) has
For Membrane become a common method to
Pretreatment demineralize water. A successful
Page 893 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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High-efficiency filtration, Reverse osmosis, Pretreatment,

http://www.eswp.com
Membranes
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Page 894 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-05 Paper
Page 895 of 5199 01/27/2018

RO system requires not only a
good design but also appropriate
pretreatment to minimize fouling of
the membranes with suspended
solids. We investigated using high-
efficiency filters as pretreatment to
RO systems to remove suspended
solids and minimize fouling of the
RO membranes. These filters have
the ability to remove particles
down to 0.25-microns in size. This
report describes various aspects
and specific applications of this
technology.
Side-By-Side Performance SCOTT S. BEARDSLEY, CRAIG R. GRANLUND, Dow Water Solutions, Edina, This paper will evaluate the
of Reverse Osmosis MN performance of two different 400
Elements Using Two square foot 8-inch reverse osmosis
Different Feed Channel elements from the same
Spacers membrane manufacturer operating
side -by- side on a city water
supply taken from a surface water
source. The reverse osmosis trains
are each designed to produce 400
gallons per minute of product
water or permeate at 80 percent
recovery, and have been operating
for two years.
Page 896 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Reverse osmosis, Feed channel spacer, Membrane fouling,

http://www.eswp.com
Chemical cleaning
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Page 897 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-06 Report
Page 898 of 5199 01/27/2018

Side-By-Side Performance MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation, Overland Park, KS
of Reverse Osmosis
Elements Using Two
Different Feed Channel
Spacers
Enhanced Calcium SUN-JIP KIM, JIN-YOUNG PARK, WON-KWON LEE, G&G Co., Ltd., Suwon, This report presents the test
Removal from Electronics Korea, YONG-WOO LEE, JAE-JIN LEE, Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd., Seoul, results on enhanced calcium
Wastewater with Korea, KYU-WON HWANG, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Hwasung, Korea, removal from the electronic
Hydrodynamic Cavitation WILEY WANG, VRTX Technologies Co., LLC., Schertz, TX, USA wastewater with a patented
Technology hydrodynamic cavitation device.
The effluent tested was from a
fluoride removal process utilized
by an electronic manufacturer. The
effluent was characterized by high
concentration of calcium and low
alkalinity, with ~85% of calcium as
noncarbonated hardness.
Laboratory and field test results
successfully demonstrated that the
hydrodynamic cavitation can
greatly enhance the calcium
removal process. Compared to the
conventional soda ash process,
currently used, this new process
requires less sodium carbonate
dose and yields higher calcium
removal. The water quality of the
Page 899 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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calcium removal, electronics wastewater, hydrodynamic

http://www.eswp.com
cavitation, seed crystallization, calcium carbonate
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Page 900 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-07 Paper
IWC-07-08 Paper
Page 901 of 5199 01/27/2018

effluent is more stable and can be
more easily controlled by the new
process.
Treatment Efficiency ARI KETONEN, Eimco Water Technologies, Salt Lake City, UT; M. KIERIKKA, P. Suspended carrier biofilm process,
Improvement of Existing PAJUNIEMI, Eimco Water Technologies, Turku, Finland SCBP, offers an efficient and
Pulp and Paper Industry economical solution to increase
Wastewater Treatment the efficiency of an existing
Plants with Suspended wastewater treatment plant. SCBP
Carrier Biofilm Process combines the benefits of the
(SCBP) traditional activated sludge and
biofilm processes, while avoiding
their problems. This paper
describes the fundamentals of the
SCBP. Also results of a pilot-scale
SCBP study as well as the
operating experiences from some
actual full scale treatment plants
are presented.
Treatment Efficiency PAUL TOGNA, Ph.D., Shaw Environmental Inc., Lawrenceville, NJ
Improvement of Existing
Pulp and Paper Industry
Plants with Suspended
Carrier Biofilm Process
(SCBP)
Application Of Advective- ALI R. AHMADI MOTLAGH, JABIN K. JOSEPH, TIMOTHY M. LAPARA, A novel membrane aerated biofilm
Flow Membrane-Aerated MICHAEL J.SEMMENS, Department of Civil Engineering, University of reactor, MABR, configuration was
Page 902 of 5199 01/27/2018

Pulp and paper industry, Suspended Carrier Biofilm

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Process, Biofilm
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Hollow-fiber Membrane, Biofilm, Advective Flow,

http://www.eswp.com
Ammonium Removal,Particles Removal.
Page 903 of 5199 01/27/2018
IWC-07-09 Paper
Page 904 of 5199 01/27/2018

Biofilm Reactor (AF- Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN tested by pumping wastewater
MABR) for Treatment of across a biofilm-covered
Ammonium-rich membrane fabric to increase the
Wastewater delivery rate of nutrients to the
biofilm. Using ammonium-rich
synthetic wastewater, removal
rates on the biofilm as high as 8-10
g/sq.m-d. nitrogen were achieved,
showing an improvement over
other MABRs and conventional
biofilm reactors. Low pressure
drops across the biofilm were
maintained while the biofilm was
able to reject 1-4.5 micron particles
pumped into the reactor to some
extent.
Application Of Advective- ENOS L. STOVER, PH.D,; The Stover Group, Stillwater, OK
Flow Membrane-Aerated
Biofilm Reactor (AF-
MABR) for Treatment of
Ammonium-rich
Wastewater
Achieving Zero Blowdown SAM R. OWENS, RICK H. MAXEY, CHEMICO International, Inc., Corpus Christi, A new chemistry approach
for Cooling Towers TX provides water savings in hard,
alkaline cooling waters. Hardness
and silica are removed as a semi-
viscous fluid from the cooling
Page 905 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Zero Blowdown, Water Conservation, Green Technology

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Page 906 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-10 Paper
Page 907 of 5199 01/27/2018

sytem blowdown by treatment in a
flocculation reactor and filtration.
This economical treatment
program reclaims over 95% of
open circulation cooling tower
water blowdown. It is claimed that
significantly reduced make-up and
wastewater treatment costs often
make this the preferred treatment
program.
Achieving Zero Blowdown WILLIAM A. SHAW, PE, HPD LLC, Pewaukee, WI
for Cooling Towers
Leading Chemical AJANTA SARKAR, SACHIN KUKADE, Aquatech Systems (Asia) Pvt. Limited, A leading industrial house in the
Manufacturer’s Plant in Pune, India south of India has a facility
South India to Become a producing multiple waste streams
Zero Liquid Discharge Unit with major contaminants like oil &
grease, volatile organic
compounds and high dissolved
solids levels with potentially high
variation in constituents. The
waste streams also have a
relatively high chemical oxygen
demand ,COD. It was decided to
reuse this effluent after appropriate
treatment for cooling tower make-
up and also at the same time to
Page 908 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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ZLD, Zero Liquid Discharge), Waste water, Recycle,
http://www.eswp.com
Scaling, COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Oil & Grease,
RO Membranes, High pH, MVC, Mechanical Vapour
rder_form.html
Compression, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), SDI (Silt
Density Index)
Page 909 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-10D Report
IWC-07-11 Report
Page 910 of 5199 01/27/2018

up and also at the same time to
explore the possibility of achieving
zero liquid discharge status. The
solution provided uses an
advanced reverse osmosis
technology which is particularly
advantageous in waste water
recycle applications, followed by a
mechanical vapour compression,
MVC, based zero liquid discharge,
ZLD, system.
Leading Chemical JAMES MOEN, Roseville Electric, Roseville, CA
Manufacturer’s Plant in
South India to Become a
Zero Liquid Discharge Unit
ZLD: New Silica Based DAN DUKE, Water Conservation Technology International, Inc., Temecula, CA A new zero liquid discharge, ZLD,
Inhibitor Chemistry enabling process uses
Permits Cost Effective pretreatment removal of hardness
Water Conservation for to eliminate scale formation, and
HVAC and Industrial provides silica corrosion inhibitor
Cooling Towers chemistry to protect metals at high
total dissolved solids, TDS. Silica
chemistry can be used with
municipal or other water sources
that can be softened by pre-
treatment with high levels of
hardness, silica, chloride, TDS and
Page 911 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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ZLD, Zero Liquid Discharge, High TDS, Reuse Water, Grey

http://www.eswp.com
Water, Water Conservation, Cooling Towers, HVAC, Silica
Chemistry, Corrosion Inhibitor, Scale Inhibitor,
rder_form.html
Pretreatment Softening, Biostatic Chemistry, “Green
Chemistry”
Page 912 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-12 Paper
Page 913 of 5199 01/27/2018

soluble organics. Reuse or
reclaim waste waters that contain
soluble phosphate, organics and
ammonia can also be used without
corrosion, and biological
proliferation is impeded by natural
high pH and TDS chemistry. The
use of simple, salt efficient
pretreatment equipment design
permits even small cooling towers
to be treated very cost effectively
and reliably This report presents
results of case studies from a
number of ongoing applications in
heating, ventilation and air
conditioning, HVAC, and industrial
cooling towers, and reviews the
source water, tower water
chemistries and system metallurgy
.
Increased Water RUSI KAPADIA, MICHAEL SHEEDY, DONALD SWAINE, Eco-Tec Inc., This paper describes the process
Treatment Plant Capacity Pickering, ON, Canada, PATRICIA M. SCROGGIN, Burns & McDonnell, Kansas and equipment used to treat a
at a Mexican Power City, MO Mexican secondary water source
Station using Micro Media in order to supply boiler feed
Filters ahead of RO and make-up to a combined cycle
Replacing EDI with Ion power plant. Reverse osmosis,
Exchange RO, pretreatment is provided by a
Page 914 of 5199 01/27/2018

Ion exchange, compressed short bed, wastewater, filter,

http://www.eswp.com
secondary water, tertiary water, reverse osmosis (RO),
electrodeionization (EDI).
rder_form.html
Page 915 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-40~04~D1
IWC-40~04~D2
IWC-07-13 Paper
Page 916 of 5199 01/27/2018

highly efficient micro media filter
that produces a filtrate with a
turbidity of 0.1 – 0.2 NTU and a
solids density index, SDI, value of
3 – 5. Following the RO, a
compressed-bed ion exchange
system was supplied to replace an
existing electrodeionization
polisher. The final product water
produced has a conductivity less
than 0.06 S/cm.
Increased Water ARUN MITTAL, Aquatech International Corporation, Canonsburg, PA
Treatment Plant Capacity
at a Mexican Power
Station using Micro Media
Filters ahead of RO and
Replacing EDI with Ion
Exchange
Prepared Discussion: Young, C. H.
Water Quality Control by
Flood Control, Reservoir
Operation.
Prepared Discussion: Morgan, L. S.
Water Quality Control by
Operation.
Controlling Chemistry KATHI KIRSCHENHEITER, MICHAEL CHUK, COLLEEN LAYMAN, KUMAR With new power plants committing
Page 917 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Once-through boilers, coal-fired power plants, supercritical,
Page 918 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 919 of 5199 01/27/2018

during Startup and SINHA, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD to once-through supercritical
Commissioning of Once- boilers and the rush to put them
Through Supercritical online with the shortest schedule
Boilers: An Overview from possible, any engineering,
the EPC Contractor's procurement_x000D_
Perspective and construction, EPC, contractor
with turn-key responsibilities faces
a dilemma with respect to both
short-term and long-term chemistry
concerns. This dilemma is related
to Oxygenated Treatment, OT, that
will be implemented on these
boilers during long-term normal
operation. There is relatively much
less information on newer boilers
operating on OT. EPRI startup
guidelines provided for AVT(O), All
Volatile Treatment Oxidizing, and
AVT, All Volatile Treatment
Reducing, to facilitate conversion
to OT for these boilers are sound
but not tested on new boilers.. The
startup/commissioning cycle is still
the EPC turn-key contractor’s
responsibility, which includes
startup on AVT and quick
conversion to OT. This technical
Page 920 of 5199 01/27/2018

steam and cycle chemistry, risk assessment, condensate
http://www.eswp.com
polishers, EPRI, ASME, chemistry guidelines, startup, ,
AVT(R), AVT(O), OT, steam purity, action levels
rder_form.html
Page 921 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-14 Paper
Page 922 of 5199 01/27/2018

paper addresses these chemistry
issues and provides a practical
approach to achieving steam purity
and the specified feedwater
chemistry requirements.
Controlling Chemistry ROBERT D. BARTHOLOMEW, Shepherd T. Powell & Associates, Baltimore, MD
during Startup and
Commissioning of Once-
Through Supercritical
Boilers: An Overview from
the EPC Contractor's
Perspective
Treatment of Wastewaters WILLIAM A. SHAW, PE, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Company, The largest volume of water in
from Coal-Fired Power Pewaukee, WI most power plants is used for
Plants cooling. Pulverized coal, PC,
plants use water for the steam
cycle, wet flue gas desulfurization,
FGD, plant, ash transport,
demineralizer plant regeneration,
and boiler cleaning. As gasification
technologies advance, new
integrated gasification combined
cycle, IGCC, plants will use water
for quenching and gas scrubbing.
In all coal-fired power plants the
current and future trends are water
conservation and minimizing the
Page 923 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Wastewater treatment, water re-use, cooling tower

http://www.eswp.com
blowdown, limestone-gypsum scrubbers, wet flue gas
desulfurization (FGD), pulverized coal (PC), integrated
rder_form.html
gasification combined cycle (IGCC), zero liquid discharge
(ZLD).
Page 924 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-15 Paper
Page 925 of 5199 01/27/2018

quantity of effluents discharged
from the plant. Using examples
from operating plants, this paper
describes the various types of
effluent streams generated in both
PC and IGCC plants, typical
pollutants they contain, and the
treatment technologies and
systems most commonly used to
meet regulated discharge limits. It
also describes methods of
minimizing water usage and
discharge, including achieving zero
liquid discharge.
Treatment of Wastewaters ROBERT SOLOMON, Ph.D, LANNY WEIMER, RCC Thermal Products, Division
from Coal-Fired Power of GE Water, Ellicott City, MD
Plants
Selective Ion Exchange STEFAN NEUMANN, Ph.D, Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Leverkusen, Selective ion exchange resins are
Resins and Their Germany; PHIL FATULA Lanxess / Sybron Birmingham, NJ used to remove trace contaminant
Application for Target from a variety of aqueous sources,
Contaminant Removal in from waste to treating water. The
Aqueous Systems: presentation describes the
Application Overview and chemistry of the various selective
New Developments ion exchange resins and provides
an overview of the technically
approved examples.
Contaminants of interest include
Page 926 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 927 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-16 Paper
Page 928 of 5199 01/27/2018

Contaminants of interest include
heavy metals as copper, nickel,
mercury, cadmium, zinc, as well as
toxic anions like cyanides,
chromates, anionic detergent,
borate, arsenate and perchlorate.
Organic components such as
amines, phenols, halogenated,
hydrocarbons and others are
included.
Selective Ion Exchange FRANCIS BOODOO, The Purolite Company, Bala Cynwyd, PA
Resins and Their
Application for Target
Contaminant Removal in
Aqueous Systems:
Application Overview and
New Developments
Structural Design of EDWARD ROSENBERG, MARK HUGHES, JESSICA WOOD, Department of Over the past ten years research
Nanoporous Silica Chemistry, University of Montana and Purity Systems Inc., Missoula, MT at the University of Montana in
Polyamine Composites for collaboration with Purity Systems
Metal Separations and Inc, both located in Missoula,
Processing in Water Montana, has resulted in a novel
class of chelator materials
composed of amorphous,
nanoporous silica gels and
modified polyamines. These
materials offer some distinct
Page 929 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Ion Exchange, Chelator Materials, Nanoporous Composite

http://www.eswp.com
Materials, Polyamines
rder_form.html
Page 930 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-17 Paper
Page 931 of 5199 01/27/2018

advantages over conventional
especially for applications in the
mining industry. This paper
reports the relationship between
polymer structure and metal
selectivity, the relationship
between chelator structure and
metal selectivity and further
comparisons with polystyrene
analogs.
Structural Design of ROBERT L. ALBRIGHT, Ph.D, Albright Consulting, Churchville, PA
Nanoporous Silica
Polyamine Composites for
Metal Separations and
Processing in Water
Evaluation of Tri-Bromide SHIRISH NAIK, S. V. MOKASHI, SUJATA KULKARNI, KIRAN DESHPANDE, Strongly basic anion-exchange
Resin for Bacterial Thermax Ltd, Pune, India resins are brominated using
Purification of Drinking bromine and used as a disinfectant
Water for drinking water. Two resins were
synthesized. Conventional
synthesis method comprises a
hazardous liquid bromine. Hence
to avoid handling bromine, an in-
situ method for bromination of
strong base anion exchange resins
has been developed. These resins
Page 932 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
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None
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 933 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-18 Report
Page 934 of 5199 01/27/2018

were tested for microbicidal activity
and the bromine leaching trend
was determined.
Evaluation of Tri-Bromide GREG VERO, Orica Watercare Inc., Oxford, NC
Resin for Bacterial
Purification of Drinking
Water
Ion Exchange Resins as HEIKKI MONONEN, Finex Oy (Ltd), Kotka, Finland Large scale chromatographic
Stationary Phase in separation systems utilize different
Industrial ion exchange resins as the
Chromatographic stationary phase depending on the
Separation application. The variety of various
resin parameters can be modified
and tailor-made according to
individual application.. The
purpose of this paper is to describe
the fundamentals of four major
industrial chromatographic
separation applications: ligand
exchange, size exclusion, ion
exclusion and acid retardation, and
what new aspects of commercially
produced ion exchange resins
have led to changes in water
treatment and related industry
during the last thirty years.
Ion Exchange Resins as GORDON ROSSITER, IXSEP, Houston, TX
Page 935 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Industrial chromatography, ligand exchange

http://www.eswp.com
chromatography, size exclusion, ion exclusion, acid
retardation, Fick’s law, film-diffusion, particle diffusion,
rder_form.html
particle size, uniformity coefficient, water treatment, HFCS,
Donnan membrane potential.
None
Page 936 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 937 of 5199 01/27/2018

Stationary Phase in
Industrial
Chromatographic
Separation
Use of IQ-CHECK™ HÉLÈNE FRENKIEL-LEBOSSÉ, SOPHIE PIERRE, VELIANA TODOROVA, To provide water testing
Legionella Kits as a New FRÉDERIC MARTINEZ, Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France laboratories with a fast and reliable
Tool for Efficient method for the quantification of
Legionella Monitoring in Legionella, four kits are based on
Water Samples real-time PCR of the detection and
quantification of Legionella spp
and L. Pneumophila bacteria in
water samples. Legionella species
are detected by amplifying a
specific 5S RNA DNA sequence
and mip gene is used for L.
Pneumophila detection.the kits
contain all reagents required of the
assay calibrated DNA standards
from L, pneumophila ETCC A3152
.
An Overview of Legionella DIANE MISKOWSKI, MPH EMSL Analytical Inc., Westmont, NJ Many private, the national, and
Analysis state health department
laboratories currently test for
Legionella but not all analytical
methods are created equally. This
presentation is an overview of the
different types of analyses
Page 938 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
real-time PCR, water, Legionella, detection, quantification,

http://www.eswp.com
cooling tower,
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 939 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 940 of 5199 01/27/2018

currently available for correctly
determining the presence of
Legionellaceae, identifyIng and
enumerating the specific species
of Legionella bacteria, and
identifying the strains that exist
within a species. Clarification will
be provided for determining what
level of information is warranted.
The proper sampling procedures,
variety of tests available, the
inherent advantages and
disadvantages, and how that
information can be used will be
discussed.
Cutting-Edge Technology ZHE ZHANG, Ph.D., San Air Technologies Laboratory, Inc., Powhatan, VA; This paper is an overview of the
for Legionella Identification PAUL PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Arvada, CO newest technology now being
and Control in Cooling and employed in Legionella
Drinking Water identification in cooling and
drinking water. A dual approach
offers the gold standard science of
culture supplemented with the new
application of DNA Sequencing
and Quantitative Polymerase
Chain Reaction, qPCR, method.
The focus will be two-fold: defining
the need for Legionella testing and
Page 941 of 5199 01/27/2018

Legionella, Cooling tower water, Drinking water,

http://www.eswp.com
identification
rder_form.html
Page 942 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-23 Report
Page 943 of 5199 01/27/2018

the advantages of DNA
Sequencing as part of the testing
protocol and review of Legionella
control technologies in cooling and
drinking water
Legionella: Problems, GEORGE LICINA, Structural Integrity Associates, Inc., San Jose, CA Power point presentation on three
Causes, Risks, Solutions, options for Legionella detection,
and Control monitoring, and control, with an
example at a gas powered power
plant.
Fate of Arsenic, Trace R. DAVID G. PYNE, ASR Systems LLC, Gainesville, FL A slide presentation followed by
Organics and Other comments on the slides:.-_x000D_
Constituents of The presentation is in three parts:
Wastewater Origin during first, some background information
Aquifer Storage Recovery on the aquifer storage recovery, or
“ASR” technology; second, a
discussion of the Target Storage
Volume concept for achieving high
recovery efficiency when storing
fresh water in ASR wells in
brackish aquifers or in other
aquifers containing water of poor
quality; and third, some research
work just published by the
WateReuse Foundation regarding
the fate of trace organics during
ASR storage.
Page 944 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
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None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 945 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-24 Paper
IWC-40~1
IWC-40~10
Page 946 of 5199 01/27/2018

Equipment Design ROBERT HOLLOWAY, Holloway Associates, Etobicoke, ON, Canada; GORDON Produced water is commonly
Considerations for Lime PAGE, Page Technology Ltd.,Calgary, AB, Canada treated by lime softening/ion
and Ion Exchange exchange for use as feed water.
Treatment of Produced Tar sands projects are costly, and
Water in Heavy Oil cost control and sales competition
Extraction can result in process this
application or installation of under
designed and under performing
equipment. Unplanned shutdowns
and production losses can result.
The risks can be minimized by
good engineering decisions.
Equipment Design ROBERT HOLLOWAY, Holloway Associates, Etobicoke, ON, Canada; GORDON
Considerations for Lime PAGE, Page Technology Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada
and Ion Exchange
Treatment of Produced
Water in Heavy Oil
Extraction
Equipment Design JOHN E. FAIR P. ENG., Fair Canada Engineering Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada
Considerations for Lime
and Ion Exchange
Treatment of Produced
Water in Heavy Oil
Extraction
Water in Its Natural State Collins, W. D.
Municipal & Industrial Nordell, E.

Automatic Zeolite Water
Page 947 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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None
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Page 948 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-25 Paper
IWC-07-26 Paper
Page 949 of 5199 01/27/2018

Automatic Zeolite Water
Softening
Water Reuse Plant ROWENA PENARANDA, RAFAEL GAY-DE-MONTELLA, Colt Engineering The majority of steam assisted
Challenges for Alternative Corporation, Calgary, AB, Canada gravity drainage, SAGD, plants in
SAGD Steam Generation Alberta utilize the once through
steam generator, OTSG, for steam
generation. Alternative steam
generating systems, such as the
conventional drum boiler or electric
boiler, are likely to provide
economic and operating benefits.
With each boiler type the
sensitivity to impurities in the water
changes. Thus the configuration
and equipment for achieving the
boiler feed water, BFW, quality
need to vary accordingly.
Water Reuse Plant CAROLINE WILSON MUSSBACHER, Encana Integrated Oilsands Division,
Challenges for Alternative Calgary, AB,Canada
SAGD Steam Generation
Waste Water Treatment STEVE N. PORTELANCE, WorleyParsons MEG, Calgary, AB, Canada Heavy Oil Steam Assisted Gravity
Options for a SAGD Oil Drainage produced water
Production Facility treatment facilities typically
produce highly concentrated waste
streams that must be disposed of.
The waste streams contain high
concentrations of total dissolved
Page 950 of 5199 01/27/2018

Produced Water, Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage, SAGD,

http://www.eswp.com
Once Through Steam Generator, OTSG, , Electric Boiler,
Boiler Feedwater, BFW, Mechanical Vapour
rder_form.html
Recompression, MVR, Evaporation, Steam
Recompression, Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Heavy Oil; Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) ;
http://www.eswp.com
Boiler Feedwater; Once Through Steam Generators
(OTSG) ; Zero Liquid Discharge; Ion Exchange; Mechanical
rder_form.html
Vapor Compression (MVC); Computer Simulations
Page 951 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-27 Report
Page 952 of 5199 01/27/2018

concentrations of total dissolved
solids that include organics, silica,
alkalinity and sometimes total
hardness. Disposal options for the
waste include either partial recycle
to upstream processes or disposal
well injection. Disposal or recycle
of this waste can cause either
precipitation of silicate compounds
when mixed with the reservoir
water or chemical imbalances in
the upstream water treatment
processes when recycled. Two
SAGD processes and related MVC
or OTSG waste water treatment
options are simulated that lower
the silica and alkalinity
concentrations of waste waters to
control well precipitation and
improve recycle conditions.
Waste Water Treatment KAREN KWASNIEWSKI, Encana Oil and Gas Partnership, Calgary, AB, Canada
Options for a SAGD Oil
Production Facility
Affect and Challenge of MELONIE MYSZCZYSZYN, Canadian Natural Resources Limited, Bonnyville, This report will provide insight into
Controlling Multiple Feed AB, Canada the affects and challenges to
Streams (Brackish, Fresh, operate a warm lime softener,
and Produced Waters) to WLS, with multiple feed streams
Page 953 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
Page 954 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 955 of 5199 01/27/2018

and Produced Waters) to WLS, with multiple feed streams
Inlet of a Warm Lime (brackish, fresh, and produced
Softener waters) as experienced over the
past year at the Canadian Natural
Resources Limited, Wolf Lake
Facility, in Alberta, Canada. Due to
increased steam demand
requirements at the Wolf Lake
Facility and Primrose South and
North Facilities, operations has
had to utilize a blend of feed
streams (brackish, fresh, and
produced waters) to the warm lime
softeners inlets to maintain boiler
feed water volumes.
I Have to Lay Boilers Up – JAMES C. DROMGOOLE, Fort Bend Services, Inc., Stafford, TX Too often in our industry, from the
What Next? busy time frame of the plant
chemist, the boiler and entire
steam cycle received improper lay-
up. As power systems merge and
as transmission companies seek to
buy the lowest cost power a
different problem merges. This
places plant in the cyclic mode
(regular on-off cycles) or on hot
standby. Proper lay up and startup
practices are very important. This
Page 956 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 957 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 958 of 5199 01/27/2018

paper discusses problems
witnessed or associated with
incomplete lay up practices, and
also discusses lay up procedures
for the entire steam cycle and
boiler.
A Novel Approach to TOM PIKE, Western Farmers Electric Co-operative, Fort Towson, OK; Feedwater heater shells are
Storing and Returning DOUGLAS DEWITT-DICK, Ashland Water Technologies, Portland, TX frequently left unprotected during
Feedwater Heater Shells unit shutdowns and outages. Even
to Service though means are generally
available during outages to protect
these critical areas, many plants
either fail to protect the heater
shells or, in some cases, opt to
leave the shells exposed to
damaging environments. Failure to
protect heater shells, even during
short outages, can exacerbate
problems with metal oxide
transport when returning the
heaters to service -particularly if
the heaters contain copper-bearing
tubes. This paper investigates a
novel approach used by one utility
to circumvent problems with oxide
transport due to inadequate heater
shell storage. It discusses
Page 959 of 5199 01/27/2018

methyl ethyl ketoxime, MEKO, cyclohexylamine,

http://www.eswp.com
morpholine, monoethanolamine, MEA, HP feedwater
heaters, LP feedwater heaters, feedwater heater shells,
rder_form.html
and oxide transport
Page 960 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 961 of 5199 01/27/2018

structural modifications
incorporated by the plant to
improve the storage process. It
also details the proper chemistry
and testing procedures necessary
for shell protection under various
conditions. Equally important, this
paper outlines critical controls for
minimizing copper oxide transport
during subsequent unit startup.
Declining Pressure WILLIAM H. STROMAN, Primary Energy, San Diego, CA With system load requirements
Method for Boiler Storage dictating short periods of shutdown
and Boiler Cleanliness for some boiler units, there was a
Assessment by Ultrasonic challenging dilemma for the boiler
Technique water chemistry program. Wet
storage treatment was not
considered until the boiler had
been off-line for seven days. The
declining pressure method of
storage utilizes the residual boiler
temperature and pressure of ~200
psi to thermally mix a low level
storage dosage that is injected
with the existing boiler water
chemical feed system. The
effectiveness of the boiler storage
program has been evaluated over
Page 962 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 963 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 964 of 5199 01/27/2018

the past 20 years.. One of the tools
was the attempted use of the
ultrasonic technique to measure
the water wall oxide thickness in
high heat areas. Confirmation by
tube specimen deposit analyses
yielded mixed results although the
ultrasonic testing did prove to be
helpful in selecting the tube with
the highest potential for the most
deposition. A recent study found
that the ultrasonic technique could
provide accurate oxide thickness
measurements of tube oxides.
Lay-Up and Return to MICHAEL CARAVAGGIO, Ontario Power Generation, Courtright, ON, Canada Ontario Power Generation, OPG,
Service Practices at (formerly Ontario Hydro) is a
Ontario Power Generation provincially owned Canadian Utility
that has provided better than 80%
of the Province’s electricity for the
past 100 years. OPG’s current mix
of assets includes several peaking
fossil fuel plants (primarily coal
fired drum units). This paper
reviews the current practices for
short and medium term lay-up of
these peaking units. It includes the
key return to service parameters
Page 965 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Page 966 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-34 Paper
Page 967 of 5199 01/27/2018

and practices used at OPG, and
reviews the relative performance of
the units following these practices.
The paper focuses on the water
chemistry aspects of the lay-up
and return to service. In particular,
chemical parameter monitoring
and chemical dosing practices in
addition to the use of chemical
control equipment such as
condensate polishers. The paper
focuses on two-shifting, weekend
outage turnarounds, and planned
maintenance outage turnarounds,
but it also covers indefinite length
non-maintenance outages which
can last up to several months.
EPRI and ASME WILLIAM MOORE, Calpine Corporation, Houston, TX
Guidelines Apply to Me?
Considerations in DOUGLAS DEWITT-DICK, Ashland Water Technologies, Portland, TX; CARLOS
Returning a Moth Balled BENAVIDES, Topaz Energy
Unit to Service
Benefits of Soft Water WILLIAM F. HARFST, Harfst and Associates, Inc., Crystal Lake, IL Soft water is generally considered
Makeup for Cooling Tower unacceptable for use as cooling
tower makeup. This study
indicates, however, than in many
applications, soft water is a better
Page 968 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
None
cooling tower, soft water, scale, corrosion, water

http://www.eswp.com
conservation, bacteria, Legionella, waste elimination,
alkalinity, pH, water treatment, acid, chemicals
rder_form.html
Page 969 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 970 of 5199 01/27/2018

source of cooling tower makeup
than untreated, hard water. The
use of soft water allows the tower
to run at higher cycles of
concentration without the need for
supplemental acid or scale
inhibitor additives. A higher cycle
of concentration offers the
advantage of reducing the makeup
water requirements and minimizing
wastewater discharge. The higher
alkalinity and pH environment
produced by the soft water
reduces the corrosion of system
metals and helps limit the growth
of microorganisms commonly
found in cooling water systems
including Legionella, the causative
agent for Legionnaire’s disease.
This paper documents and defines
the specific applications where soft
water makeup offers distinct
advantages over the use of
untreated, hard water.
Benefits of Soft Water JAMES G. KANUTH, ChemTreat, Inc. Glen Alllen, VA
Makeup for Cooling Tower
Page 971 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 972 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-35 Paper
IWC-07-36 Paper
Page 973 of 5199 01/27/2018

Calcium Hypochlorite STANLEY R. PICKENS, PH.D, PPG Industries, Inc., Monroeville, PA Calcium hypochlorite tablet feed
versus Bromine in Cooling systems offer an alternative option
Water Treatment for cooling tower operators. Such
tablet-erosion feed systems are
recently being used even on some
large industrial towers. The solid,
tablet, form of the product offers
safety and environmental and
transport/storage advantages over
liquid or gaseous halogen
formulations. Hypochlorite tablets
also have potential advantages
versus bromine tablets in terms of
cost, dissolve rates, impact on
corrosion inhibitors and formation
of disinfection byproducts.
Evidence shows that hypochlorite
can be an effective sanitizer even
in the pH 8–9 range, contrary to
common misperceptions.
Calcium Hypochlorite FARAH D. AZARNIA, Albemarle Corporation, Baton Rouge, LA
versus Bromine in Cooling
Water Treatment
Cooling Tower Retrofit to a BRUCE A. LARKIN, PE, Black & Veatch, Overland Park, KS; SUSAN CINELLI, The once-through water supply to
Once-Through Cooled Unit Board of Public Utilities (BPU), Kansas City, KS the Board of Public Utilities’,
Page 974 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; BCDMH;
http://www.eswp.com
bromine; calcium hypochlorite; chlorine; cooling tower;
hardness.
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Cooling Tower Retrofit, Cooling Water Treatment
http://www.eswp.com
Page 975 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-37 Report
Page 976 of 5199 01/27/2018

BPU’s, Nearman Creek Plant has
become less reliable because of
drought and changing river
hydraulic conditions. This paper
describes the early indications of
reliability issues and the
emergency steps taken to keep the
unit operable. Long term solutions
were studied and implemented.
Implementation included
permitting, design, procurement,
installation, startup, and operation
of a retrofitted cooling tower. The
plant now has the ability to operate
either in a once-through mode
when river conditions allow or with
the cooling tower.
Cooling Tower Retrofit to a BRUCE A. LARKIN, PE, Black & Veatch, Overland Park, KS; SUSAN CINELLI,
Once-Through Cooled Unit Board of Public Utilities (BPU), Kansas City, KS
Cooling Tower Retrofit to a JAMES W. CUCHENS, P.E., Southern Company Services, Inc, Birmingham, AL
Once-Through Cooled Unit
Designing Constructed CYNTHIA MURRAY-GULDE, F. DOUGLAS MOONEY, ENTRIX, Atlanta, GA; Site-specific constructed wetland
Wetlands for Mitigating GEORGE M. HUDDLESTON III, ENTRIX, Inc., Pendleton, SC; JOHN H. treatment systems have been
Risks from Flue Gas RODGERS, JR., DEREK EGGERT, Department of Forestry and Natural designed and constructed to target
Page 977 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
None
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None
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Constructed wetland, selenium, mercury, FGD wastewater
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 978 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-40~11
IWC-07-38 Paper
Page 979 of 5199 01/27/2018

Desulfurization Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC removal of Se and Hg from flue
Wastewater gas desulfurization, FGD,
wastewater. The full-scale systems
consist of an upstream
equalization basin followed by
three parallel surface-flow wetland
treatment trains. Achieved start-up
performance was approximately
25% for Se and 85 % for Hg.
Treatment of Water for Applebaum, S. B.
Industrial & Boiler Feed
Uses
Considerations Impacting COLLEEN A. CHAPMAN,. COLLEEN M. LAYMAN, PE, Bechtel Power New and existing coal-fired power
the Technology Selection Corporation, Frederick, MD plants are installing flue gas
Process for FGD Purge desulfurization (FGD) systems,
Stream Wastewater These systems create a
Treatment wastewater stream that is
challenging to handle because of
its metals, organics, high chlorides,
and high suspended solids
content. This wastewater is a
growing concern for many plant
operators and designers. The
targeted constituents for treatment
in FGD wastewater include heavy
metals such as mercury, selenium,
and arsenic as well as any organic
Page 980 of 5199 01/27/2018

Flue gas desulfurization, FGD, zero liquid discharge,

http://www.eswp.com
wastewater treatment, mercury, selenium, coalfired power
plants, physical/chemical precipitation, biological
rder_form.html
wastewater treatment, constructed wetlands treatment
systems, water recycle
Page 981 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 982 of 5199 01/27/2018

compounds that are added to the
FGD absorber to enhance sulfur
dioxide removal. Due to the high
dissolved solids content of this
wastewater stream, recycling for
reuse internally in the power plant,
after treatment for removal of
metals and suspended solids, is
normally quite difficult. The
ultimate disposal of this
wastewater is either discharge
under regulatory purview and
predicated conditions or
crystallization in a zero liquid
discharge system. This technical
paper will examine and discuss the
issues influencing the design
choices. Several case histories
where FGD wastewater treatment
systems have been designed for
discharge of FGD wastewater
and/or zero liquid discharge
systems employed will be detailed
Considerations Impacting PAUL CHU, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA
the Technology Selection
Process for FGD Purge
Stream Wastewater
Page 983 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 984 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-39 Paper
Page 985 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment
Evaporation of Purge MARK C. NICHOLSON, PE, HPD LLC, Plainfield, IL In the wet limestone flue gas
Water from Wet FGD desulfurization, FGD, process, a
Scrubbers purge stream is generally required
to control the chloride
concentration in the scrubber. This
purge stream is typically acidic,
highly saline, and contains variable
amounts of suspended solids,
metals, chloride, organic
compounds and other pollutants.
Most commonly, the purge stream
is treated using physical and
chemical methods involving
precipitation and settlement and is
then discharged. Such treatment
methods can reduce the
suspended solids, acidity, and
metals, but do not reduce the
chloride or total dissolved solids. If
water recovery is required or when
conventional treatment methods
are unable to treat FGD purge
streams to produce an effluent
which meets the requirements of
the discharge permit, thermal
evaporation of the purge stream
Page 986 of 5199 01/27/2018

Evaporator, Brine Concentration, Flue Gas Desulfurization,

http://www.eswp.com
FGD, purge, blowdown, seeded slurry, Mechanical Vapor
Recompression, MVR, cooling tower blowdown, gypsum,
rder_form.html
boron, distillate, falling film, ZLD, drying, salt cake, titanium,
forced circulation
Page 987 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-40 Paper
Page 988 of 5199 01/27/2018

should be considered. This paper
discusses various methods of
configuring evaporator systems to
achieve high availability and
reliability treating FGD purge water
while minimizing capital and
operating costs.
Evaporation of Purge MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation, Overland Park, KS
Water from Wet FGD
Scrubbers
ZLD Solutions for the GREG MANDIGO, Aquatech ICD, Hartland, WI Many challenges exist in the
Treatment of FGD treatment of the wastewater from
Wastewater the flue gas desulphurization,
FGD, process. These challenges
include high concentrations of
calcium, magnesium, and chloride
ions, as well as large fluctuations
in the FGD wastewater blowdown
quantity and quality. Boron,
ammonia, and heavy metals are
also typical impurities that must be
overcome. Different types of zero
liquid discharge, ZLD, processes
have been developed that offer
viable solutions to the growing
problem of FGD waste water
treatment. This paper discusses
Page 989 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Flue gas desulphurization, FGD, wastewater treatment,
http://www.eswp.com
zero liquid discharge, ZLD, brine concentrator, BC, falling
film evaporator, forced circulation crystallizer, FCC, thermal
rder_form.html
evaporation, boron, ammonia, recapture
Page 990 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-41 Report
IWC-07-42 Report
Page 991 of 5199 01/27/2018

treatment. This paper discusses
and compares the chemistry
considerations for several
competing ZLD processes thus
allowing for a better understanding
of the issues involved and their
impact on selection of the ZLD
process.
ZLD Solutions for the PATRICIA M. SCROGGIN, PE, Burns and Mcdonnell, Kansas City, MO
Treatment of FGD
Wastewater
Commission of a Water STEVEN R. GAGNON, AVANTech, Inc., Columbia, SC Slide presentation of lessons
Treatment System in NZ learned commissioning and
validating a water treatment
system in a 300 MW open cycle
power station. Review of problems
in water source quality,
pretreatment, ion exchange,
ancillary equipment._x000D_
No keywords
EDI Performance and JOHN BARBER, GE Water and Process Technologies, Guelph, ON, Canada; This report describes a detailed
Resin Filled Concentrate DAVID F. TESSIER, GE Water & Process Technologies, Waterloo, ON, Canada investigation on the structure of the
Compartments ion exchange resin in the
concentrating compartments, in
relation to both the hardness
scaling properties and the
deionisation performance of an
Page 992 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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Electrodeionisation, EDI, CEDI, Ion Exchange, Ultrapure

http://www.eswp.com
Water, Silica, Boron
rder_form.html
Page 993 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-42D Report
IWC-09-05 Paper
IWC-07-43 Paper
Page 994 of 5199 01/27/2018

deionisation performance of an
electrodeionisation, EDI, stack.
The behaviour of three concentrate
ion exchange resin structures are
reported: a) pure cation resin, b)
pure mixed-bed resin, and c) a
novel arrangement comprising
both cation and mixed-bed resin
domains.
EDI Performance and JEFFREY TATE, Agape Water Solutions, Inc., Harleysville, PA
Resin Filled Concentrate
Compartments
Evaluation of Treatment KYLE SMITH, Dow Water and Process Solutions; Midland, MI; ANTONIO O. Several techniques were evaluated
Techniques for Selenium LAU, PhD., Infilco Degremont Inc, Richmond, VA, FREDRICK W. VANCE, PhD, for the treatment of selenium,
Removal Dow Water and Process Solutions; Midland, MI; including the use of anion
exchange, selective adsorbants,
zero valent iron, reverse osmosis,
and biological reduction. The
similarities and differences will be
discussed iin terms of waste
streams produced and ultimate
fate of the selenium.
Pushing the Limits: New CRAIG A. BRODEN, Dow Water Solutions, Edina, MN; CLIFFORD D. GILBERT, Cleaning biofouling from reverse
Reverse Osmosis Dow Water Solutions, Mount Laurel, NJ osmosis, RO, membranes is an
Membrane Cleaning important part of operating RO
Recommendations systems. A major factor in limiting
the effectiveness of membrane
Page 995 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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None
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Page 996 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-43D Report
IWC-07-44 Report
Page 997 of 5199 01/27/2018

the effectiveness of membrane
cleanings is the pH of the cleaning
solution. Many cleaning regimens
specify acid cleaning followed by
alkaline cleaning. The alkaline
cleaning is typically performed in
the pH range of 10.5 to 11.5. lab
tests and field experiences have
shown that these procedures are
not the most effective way to clean
RO membranes. Experience has
shown that the alkaline cleaning
should precede the acid cleaning.
Furthermore, the pH of the
cleaning solution should be
maintained in the pH range of 12
to 13 throughout the cleaning
cycle. This paper discusses both
lab tests and field experience of
RO membrane cleaning under
these effective guidelines.
Pushing the Limits: New TRACY A. BARKER, AVANtech, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN
Reverse Osmosis
Membrane Cleaning
Recommendations
Tracking Molybdenum VADIM B. MALKOV, Hach Company, Loveland, CO; BLAINE NAGAO, ChemCal, It has become more challenging
Concentration in Cooling Inc. lately to monitor and control
Page 998 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Molybdate Tracer, MO42, Cooling Tower

http://www.eswp.com
Page 999 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1000 of 5199 01/27/2018

Water Applications content of anticorrosion reagents
based on Molybdenum-containing
compounds in cooling water at
lower concentrations. Such
challenge can be addressed by
use of a process analyzer capable
to report readings to a web-based
computer system. Three
instruments providing
unsupervised on-line analysis of
water coming from the cooling
towers for Molybdate (as Mo6+)
have been connected to an
existing data acquisition system.
The data generated by the
analyzers along with all service
notes and bench analysis reports
are transferred to secure servers
and the end-users have full access
to the results. This system has
been implemented at three cooling
tower sites in Texas. This report
discusses results as well as
features of the web-based
monitoring/control system in detail
with graphs and charts illustrating
the performance.
Page 1001 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 1002 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-45 Report
IWC-07-46 Report
Page 1003 of 5199 01/27/2018

Water (Resource) PETER G. DEMAKOS, P.E., Niagara Blower Co., Buffalo, NY Closed-loop, evaporative cooling
Conservation Using systems with wet surface air
Closed-Loop, Evaporative coolers, WSAPs, are a cost-
Cooling Systems for effective heat transfer technology
Process Power, and (for cooling and condensing) that
Refining Applications also optimizes the use of scarce
water resources. In addition to
providing lower outlet
temperatures and requiring less
space, the WSAC can use poor
quality water as spray makeup and
serve as an evaporator upstream
of other treatment systems.
Case Histories: Using Tin WILLIAM STAPP, AS Inc., Santa Rosa, CA; PAUL PUCKORIUS, Puckorius and Tin based corrosion inhibitors have
Technology to Control Associates, Arvada, CO; CLAYTON WRIGHT, Park Central Office Complex, been effective at reducing
Corrosion in Water Denver, CO corrosion in water systems. This
Systems report examines the systems that
have been treated with its tin
based corrosion inhibitors and the
results that the systems have
experienced. Benefits of using tin
based treatment include:1)
Improving corrosion control; 2)
Reducing microbiological nutrients
and, as a result, limiting bacteria
that can corrode the system being
treated; 3) Reducing
Page 1004 of 5199 01/27/2018

Water, resource, closed-loop, heat transfer, tube bundle,
http://www.eswp.com
basin, plume, drift, PM10, water conservation
rder_form.html
None
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Page 1005 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-47 Report
Page 1006 of 5199 01/27/2018

microbiological nutrients
discharged into the environment.
Review Of Closed Water JAY FARMERIE, SUSAN REY, GARY REGGIANI, Cyrus Rice Water Treatment of closed loops, since
Systems - Treatment Consultants, Pittsburgh, PA, & Association Of Water Technolgies (AWT) the enactment of regulations
Schemes Technical Committee restricting the use of chromates,
has typically relied on the use of a
select few list of corrosion
inhibitors. Sodium molybdate has
become a particularly common
replacement for chromate
because: 1.) it is a very good steel
corrosion inhibitor; 2.) it is
relatively persistent unless water
losses occur; 3.) there is a reliable
field test readily available; and 4.)
unlike nitrite, sodium molybdate
does not contribute nutrients,
which can exacerbate
microbiological activity in a closed
loop. However, over the previous
five years, there has been a slow
but consistent trend by municipal
wastewater treatment facilities to
restrict, and in some cases ban,
the discharge of sodium molybdate
to the sanitary sewer. Moreover,
recently the water treatment
Page 1007 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 1008 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-48 Report
Page 1009 of 5199 01/27/2018

industry has had to deal with a
significant rise in the purchase cost
of sodium molybdate raw material.
These market trends have forced
water treaters to evaluate
alternative treatment methods. The
goal of this paper is to review the
treatment of closed loops with an
emphasis on corrosion inhibitor
selection and use. Consequently,
molybdate alternatives can be
evaluated.
Closed Cooling System BARBARA MORIARTY, JOAN CHAO, DAN CICERO, CRAIG MYERS; F. Recently, there has been much
Treatment: Using PHILIP YU, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL interest in greener alternatives to
Phosphinosuccinate molybdate to control corrosion in
Oligomers (PSO) as an closed cooling water systems.
Alternative to Molybdate Driving forces such as
environmental restrictions and the
cost of molybdate, have made the
use of molybdate less desirable.
This paper will discuss the use of
phosphinosuccinate oligomers,
PSO, in closed cooling water
systems. The use of PSO and
factors affecting the use of PSO
will be described, based on
laboratory work and field studies.
Page 1010 of 5199 01/27/2018

closed loop, corrosion, cooling water, molybdate

http://www.eswp.com
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Page 1011 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-62 Report
IWC-07-49 Paper
Page 1012 of 5199 01/27/2018

Inductive Conductivity for VADIM B. MALKOV, Hach Company, Loveland, CO, JEFF TOCIO, Anderson Implementation of fully automated
Control of CIP Processes Instruments and reagentless control of various
processes has always been
attractive for companies due to
potential significant savings. In the
beverage industry, one of the most
challenging applications is
disinfection of containers and
equipment, when activity of
disinfectants has to be under
control due to increased liability
and FDA requirements. In the
present study, a differential
conductivity system was
successfully tested to monitor the
concentration of one of the most
widely used peracetic acid-based
sanitizers for a Clean In Place,
CIP, process. The study was
conducted at a major soft drink
company’s plant and has proven
full applicability of the system to
such processes.
Biological Treatment of ENOS L. STOVER, Stover & Associates, Inc., Stillwater, OK; MICHAEL Flue gas desulfurization, FGD,
Flue Gas Desulfurization PUDVAY, ROBERT F. KELLY; ANTONIO O. LAU, Degremont Technologies, wastewaters are typically very high
Scrubber Purge Water Richmond, VA; A. PAUL TOGNA, PhD, Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, in calcium, magnesium, sodium,
Lawrenceville, NJ chlorides, and sulfates with total
Page 1013 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Flue Gas Desulfurization, Biological Nutrient Removal,

http://www.eswp.com
Total Dissolved Solids, Heavy Metals, Selenate, Selenite
rder_form.html
Page 1014 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-50 Paper
Page 1015 of 5199 01/27/2018

dissolved solids concentrations
ranging from 20,000 to 60,000
mg/L. Of particular concern in
recent years includes nitrates,
ammonia, biochemical oxygen
demand, and various heavy
metals, especially selenium.
Staged biological treatment
concepts were developed by the
authors to treat the organics,
nitrogen compounds, and heavy
metals contained in FGD
wastewaters. A description of the
technology developed is presented
herein along with actual test
results from pilot-scale studies.
Biological Treatment of NANDAN T. VANI, D.Sc., P.E., Peer Consultants, P.C., Baltimore, MD
Flue Gas Desulfurization
Scrubber Purge Water
Full Scale Implementation JILL SONSTEGARD, JAMES HARWOOD, TIM PICKETT, GE Water & Process Recent amendments to the Clean
of GE ABMET® Biological Technologies, Salt Lake City, UT Air Act limiting sulfur dioxide
Technology for the emissions have necessitated the
Removal of Selenium from construction of Wet Flue Gas
FGD Wastewaters Desulfurization, FGD, systems at
many coal fired power plants in the
United States. These FGD
systems are designed to eliminate
Page 1016 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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mercury, nitrate, heavy metals
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Page 1017 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-51 Paper
Page 1018 of 5199 01/27/2018

systems are designed to eliminate
sulfur emissions by up to 97% by
transferring sulfur and other
compounds from the gas phase to
the liquid phase. The resulting
wastewaters can contain over
2,000 ppb of soluble selenate, an
oxidized form of selenium.
Previous testing of a system
utilizing specific strains of bacteria
residing in a series of granular
activated carbon, GAC, filled
bioreactors on FGD wastewaters
has demonstrated consistent
selenium removal to levels
Full Scale Implementation KAR MUNIRATHINAM, PH.D, N.A. Water Systems, Moon Township, PA
of GE Abmet® Biological
Technology for the
Removal of Selenium from
FGD Wastewaters
FGD Wastewater RICK CLEVELAND JIM MEZO, Duke Energy, Owensville, IN, BILL NICKRAND, Duke Energy’s Gibson Generating
Disposed of Via Deep-Well PETER TEN EYCK, JOHN GUIDOS, Nalco, Wexford, PA; Station, one of the largest coal-
Injection at Duke Energy’s fired power plants in the U.S., is
Gibson Generating Station operated as a zero liquid discharge
facility. With the decision to install
three new flue gas desulfurization,
FGD, scrubbers came the
Page 1019 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Flue gas desulfurization, FGD, wastewater treatment,

http://www.eswp.com
wastewater disposal, zero liquid discharge, ZLD, deep well
injection
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Page 1020 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1021 of 5199 01/27/2018

challenge of how to effectively
treat and dispose of the final
wastewater effluent. Duke Energy
personnel determined that the best
alternative was to inject the
wastewater effluent into two on-
site deep wells. This first-of-its-kind
method of FGD wastewater
disposal requires that the
wastewater treatment process
produce water that consistently
meets strict water quality limits.
Prior to FGD startup, laboratory
testing and computer modeling
was performed to predict water
quality conditions and chemical
treatment requirements for
solids/liquid separation, dewatering
and scale control throughout the
wastewater treatment and disposal
process. Special laboratory
simulations were done to identify
the most effective chemical
treatment to prevent calcium-
based scale formation under the
anticipated down hole conditions of
high temperature and pressure.
Page 1022 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1023 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-52 Paper
Page 1024 of 5199 01/27/2018

FGD Wastewater ARUN MITTAL, Aquatech International Corp., Canonsburg, PA
Disposed of Via Deep-Well
Injection at Duke Energy’s
Gibson Generating Station
Performance of Pilot-Scale DEREK A. EGGERT, JOHN H. RODGERS, JR., Clemson University, Clemson, Effective and reliable treatment
Constructed Wetland SC; CARL E. HENSMAN, Frontier Geosciences, Seattle, Washington systems are needed to mitigate the
Treatment Systems for risks of contaminants in flue gas
Flue Gas Desulfurization desulfurization, FGD, waters to
Waters achieve discharge limitations
established under the Clean Water
Act, CWA, through the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System, NPDES. FGD waters are
produced as a byproduct when
coal-fired power plants utilize dry
or wet scrubbers to remove sulfur
dioxide from flue gases proir to
exhaust. Pilot-scale constructed
wetland treatment systems were
designed and constructed at
Clemson University to evaluate
removal of arsenic (As), mercury
(Hg), nitrogen (N), selenium (Se),
and other constituents from FGD
water. Results from this pilot-scale
study indicate that specially
designed constructed wetland
Page 1025 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Flue gas desulfurization, FGD water treatment, mercury,

http://www.eswp.com
selenium, constructed wetland treatment systems
rder_form.html
Page 1026 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-40~12
IWC-07-53 Paper
Page 1027 of 5199 01/27/2018

treatment systems can decrease
potential constituents of concern
(i.e. As, Hg, N, and Se) in FGD
water and that the performance
can increase with system
maturation.
Performance of Pilot-Scale DIANE R. MARTINI, Sargent & Lundy, LLC, Chicago, IL
Constructed Wetland
Treatment Systems for
Flue Gas Desulfurization
Waters
Evaluation of Treatment CLAUDE GAUTHIER, P.Eng., The Purolite Company, Paris, ON, Canada
Techniques for Selenium
Removal
Progress in the Hall, R. E.

Conditioning of Water for
Steam Boilers
Initial Operating CYNTHIA BRYANT, ROBERT WYLIE, Duke Energy, Charlotte, NC; JOE Duke Energy’s Marshall Steam
Experience with a Novel FRANK, ANGELA ZAGALA, PETER TEN EYCK. Nalco, Naperville, IL Station employs a novel multi-
FGD Waste Water stage wastewater treatment
Treatment System at Duke system to remove suspended
Energy’s Marshall Steam solids and heavy metal
Station contaminants from the flue gas
desulfurization, FGD, purge
stream. The FGD wastewater
treatment process consists of a
pretreatment system wherein
Page 1028 of 5199 01/27/2018
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None
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FGD wastewater treatment, FGD purge wastewater,

http://www.eswp.com
constructed wetlands systems, mercury and selenium
removal
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Page 1029 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-53D Report
IWC-07-54 Paper
Page 1030 of 5199 01/27/2018

pretreatment system wherein
solids and initial metals removal
are performed, followed by a
constructed wetland treatment
system for removal of mercury and
selenium. Use of a constructed
wetlands treatment system for a
FGD purge stream is one of only
two such applications to-date
within the power industry. This
report discusses the initial
operating experience with the
wastewater treatment system as
additional FGD retrofit systems are
commissioned and total purge
stream flow is increased
Initial Operating PATRICIA M. SCROGGIN, PE, Burns And McDonnell, Kansas City, MO
Experience with a Novel
FGD Waste Water
Treatment System at Duke
Energy’s Marshall Steam
Station
Challenges in Licensing MICHAEL CHUK, JULIUS ISAAC, PE. Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, Since no new nuclear plants have
and Water Treatment MD been designed and constructed in
Design for the New the US for over twenty-five years,
Generation of Nuclear architect/engineering firms,
Power Plants constructors, Nuclear Steam
Page 1031 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
NuGen, COL, COLA, nuclear power plants, ESBWR,

http://www.eswp.com
ABWR, AP1000, EPR
rder_form.html
Page 1032 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-55 Paper
Page 1033 of 5199 01/27/2018

Supply System, NSSS, vendors,
customers, and water treatment
suppliers are facing many new
challenges and a new learning
curve. The overall licensing
process is more rigorous, but
requires fewer steps. The licensing
process should ultimately result in
combined construction and
operating licenses, COL. Once
granted, project execution would
proceed at a more accelerated rate
toward completion and commercial
operation. There are many water
treatment challenges some
generic and some site-specific
ones, as described in this paper.
Challenges in Licensing BRUCE A. LARKIN, Black & Veatch, Overland Park, KS
and Water Treatment
Design for the New
Generation of Nuclear
Power Plants
Heat Exchanger Fouling in K .A. SELBY, Mechanical & Materials Engineering LLC, Evergreen, CO; G. J. Palo Verde Nuclear Generating
a Safety-Related Service LICINA, N. SADEGHI, Structural Integrity Associates, Inc., San Jose, CA; A. V. Station utilizes spray ponds to cool
Water System DAVE, D. M. FULLER, T .J. GREEN, Arizona Public Service Company – Palo safety-related heat exchangers for
Verde Nuclear Generating Station, Tonopah, AZ; N. M. WILMSHURST, Electric normal and emergency shutdowns.
Power Research Institute, Charlotte, NC In 2006, some heat exchangers in
Page 1034 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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heat exchangers, fouling, scaling, service water, nuclear

http://www.eswp.com
power, safety, spray pond
rder_form.html
Page 1035 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1036 of 5199 01/27/2018

the Essential Spray Pond systems
were found to be fouled. This
paper discusses the investigation
into the cause of the fouling,
corrective actions taken, and the
investigation into the ability of the
heat exchangers to perform their
design basis safety function in their
fouled condition. The approach
considered spray pond chemistry,
thermodynamics of precipitation,
and the effects of foulant
precipitation, both as hard scale
and as loose deposits, on heat
exchanger thermal performance.
Analyses were performed to
compare the predicted degradation
in heat exchanger performance to
what the actual requirements
would have been for a postulated
Design Basis Accident in the past
The approach also provides users
with the capability to correlate
observations of physical condition
and thermal performance so that
water treatment chemicals,
potential interactions among water
Page 1037 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1038 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-56 Paper
Page 1039 of 5199 01/27/2018

treatment chemicals, and
optimization of chemicals (e.g.,
various scale dispersants) can be
defined .
Heat Exchanger Fouling in K. A. SELBY, Mechanical & Materials Engineering LLC, Evergreen, CO; G. J.
a Safety-Related Service LICINA, N. SADEGHI, Structural Integrity Associates, Inc., San Jose, CA; A. V.
Water System DAVE, D. M. FULLER, T. J. GREEN, Arizona Public Service Company – Palo
Verde Nuclear Generating Station, Tonopah, AZ; N. M. WILMSHURST, Electric
Power Research Institute, Charlotte, NC
Heat Exchanger Fouling in RAYMOND M. POST, GE Infrastructure Water & Process Technologies,
a Safety-Related Service Trevose, PA
Water System
A New Approach to MIKE SHEPHERD, GE Water and Process Technologies, Naperville, IL; ERIC A comprehensive program is
Integrated Water GARDNER, GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy, Wilmington, NC described for Boiling Water
Management for Nuclear Reactors, BWRs, and Pressurized
Industry Water Reactors, PWRs, that
integrates into one holistic program
improvements in plant water
quality and material condition,
lower overall operating costs,
improved overall fuel reliability,
and focuses on implementing
“Next Level Performance”
solutions for customers. Integrating
material condition assessments
with state of the art monitoring and
diagnostic technology yields cost-
Page 1040 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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WaterMD, BWR, PWR, Nuclear, Fuel, FME, Filtration,
http://www.eswp.com
Chemistry Monitoring, GE
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Page 1041 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-57 Prepared Discussion
Page 1042 of 5199 01/27/2018

diagnostic technology yields cost-
effective actions that can be
implemented today to improve
overall plant competitiveness for
the future.
A New Approach to MIKE SHEPHERD, GE Water and Process Technologies, Naperville, IL; ERIC
Integrated Water GARDNER, GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy, Wilmington, NC
Management for Nuclear
Industry
A New Approach to MYRON FELDMAN, Sentry Equipment Corp., Oconomowoc, WI
Integrated Water
Management for Nuclear
Industry
Cycle Chemistry RONALD M. HORN, GE Energy, SANDY J. SCHEXNAILDER, GE Water &
Challenges Facing the Process Technologies, Dallas, TX
New Generation of
Nuclear Power Facilities
Nuclear Power Plant ANDREW KERN, Nalco Company, Lenoir City, TN; PETER TEN EYCK, Nalco The nuclear power industry meets
Cooling System Company, Pittsburgh, PA; GEORGE PEABODY, Nalco Company, Littleton, CO 20% of the North American
Performance Improvement electricity demand with a high
through Real-Time degree of reliability. The fleet of
Monitoring, Diagnostics U.S. nuclear plants works to
and Control maximize generation and
environmental performance while
reducing their total cost of
operation. Managing the impact of
large open cooling water systems
Page 1043 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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None
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3D TRASAR, recirculating cooling, tagged polymer,

http://www.eswp.com
Optimizer, PSO, ORP
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Page 1044 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1045 of 5199 01/27/2018

can be a challenge. Factors
complicating the successful
treatment of recirculating cooling
water systems include variable
make-up water quality, ever
tightening environmental discharge
regulations, inadequate program
monitoring capability and poor feed
control of water treatment
chemicals. Scale, corrosion and
microbial growth in cooling water
systems adversely effect nuclear
plant performance by reducing
heat transfer and plant efficiency,
limiting plant generating capacity
(unit de-rating), restricting flow in
critical safety related systems and
increasing maintenance costs.
Nuclear Power Plant ANDREW KERN, Nalco Company, Lenoir City, TN; PETER TEN EYCK, Nalco
Cooling System Company, Pittsburgh, PA; GEORGE PEABODY, Nalco Company, Littleton, CO
Performance Improvement
through Real-Time
Monitoring, Diagnostics
and Control
Nuclear Power Plant KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
Cooling System
Performance Improvement
Page 1046 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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Page 1047 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-58 Paper
IWC-07-59 Paper
Page 1048 of 5199 01/27/2018

through Real-Time
Monitoring, Diagnostics
and Control
Practical Notes & GEORGE J. CRITS, WILLIAM RUNYAN, Idreco USA, Inc., W. Chester, PA Selected notes and procedures in
Procedures in Condensate condensate purification are
Polishing presented to help engineers in
designing equipment and
operating these in power plants.
These notes are generally
presented at power plant or
Condensate polishing
symposiums.
Practical Notes & GERALD ALEXANDER, Siemens Water Technologies, La Canada, CA
Procedures in Condensate
Polishing
Solving a Problem of FATMA HUISSEN BADAWY, HANY ACHMED GOMAA, Abu Qir Fertilizers Co., The lower tray nozzles of the
Microorganisms Growth in Alexandria, Egypt cation exchangers suffered from
Cation Exchangers in Abu microorganism growth. Its nutrients
Qir Fertilizers Co. (Case come from treated water, warm
Study) temperature from condensate and
a moderate alkalinity. So replacing
organic scavenger filters by strong
cation resin to obtain decationized
water and an acidic environment
stops the microorganism’s growth
in our plant.
Page 1049 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Demineralization unit, Microorganisms growth, strainer,
http://www.eswp.com
Pre-cation
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Page 1050 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-59D Report
IWC-07-60 Paper
Page 1051 of 5199 01/27/2018

Solving a Problem of ALBERT PREUSS, Aldex Chemical Co. Ltd, Granby, QC, Canada
Microorganisms Growth in
Cation Exchangers in Abu
Qir Fertilizers Co.
Economic Comparison of AVIJIT DEY, PhD, Omexell, Inc., Houston, TX; BILL LOYD, Dow Water Historically there have been
Electrodeionization and Solutions, Minneapolis, MN widespread perceptions that
Mixed Bed Unit Operations reverse osmosis, RO, and
electrodeionization, EDI,
installations require higher capital
expenditures when compared with
conventional ion exchange based
systems utilizing mixed bed
deionizers. The combined effect of
escalating caustic price advances
in low pressure RO membranes,
and significant reduction in the
power consumption across EDI
modules have created a dramatic
shift in the economics of high
purity water systems due to
favourable deionized water cost
offered by EDI systems. In this
article cost of generating deionized
water by three different
techniques, namely spiral wound
electrodeionization, SWEDI, on-
site regenerable mixed bed, RMB,
Page 1052 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Spiral wound Electrodeionization, SWEDI, On-site

http://www.eswp.com
regenerable mixed bed, RMB, Mixed Bed Column, MBC,
Installed System cost, Annual Operating cost, Payback
rder_form.html
period, Net present value, NPV, Internal rate of return, IRR,
Cost benefit ratio.
Page 1053 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-61 Paper
Page 1054 of 5199 01/27/2018

and off-site regenerated mixed bed
columns, MBC, shall be
established for various
characteristic scenarios and
sensitivity analyses shall be
conducted to conclude the best
economic option in a given
situation. Financial analysis
techniques like pay-back, net
present value, NPV, internal rate of
return, IRR,, and cost benefit ratio
shall also be discussed for long-
term decision making purpose.
Economic Comparison of DOUGLAS C. KELLOGG, Siemens Water Technologies Corp., Rockford, IL
Electrodeionization and
Mixed Bed Unit Operations
20 Years of Condensate DAVID C. AUERSWALD, JLS Engineering, Redondo Beach, CA This paper discusses the design
Polishing at San Onofre and successful operation of the
Nuclear Generating first Cation/Mixed-Bed Condensate
Station Polisher in the United States. It
identifies critical components and
discusses the significance of
decisions made in the design
process. It further details the
overall performance of the system
over the more than 20 years of its
operation as well as the effluent
Page 1055 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Cation/Mixed-Bed Polisher, Cation Polishers, Separation
http://www.eswp.com
Tank, Cross-contamination, Leakage, Kinetic Impairment,
ETA, Boric Acid, Core Samples, Operating Capacity,
rder_form.html
Ammonium Sulfate Regeneration, Ammonium Hydroxide
Rinse, Resin Life
Page 1056 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-63 Report
Page 1057 of 5199 01/27/2018

operation as well as the effluent
water quality of critical
subcomponents such as the
Cation Polisher and the Fines
Filters. Performance testing results
and laboratory and field studies
are included in the paper. It further
discusses why this technology is
recommended for all Pressured
Water Nuclear Reactors, PWRs,
which have sea-water cooled
condensers. Operational results
with both ammonia and ETA
chemistry are documented in the
paper. The impacts of boric acid
and elevated temperatures on
system performance are also
outlined.
20 Years of Condensate DAVID C. AUERSWALD, JLS Engineering, Redondo Beach, CA
Polishing at San Onofre
Nuclear Generating
Station
Case Studies Using New JEFF McKINNEY, Hach Company, Lawrenceville, GA; NICOLAS LEDERMANN, Control of dissolved oxygen, DO,
Luminescent Technology SERGE HEDIGER, FRANK DUNAND, Hach Ultra Analytics Company in high-pressure boiler water is
for ppb Dissolved Oxygen critical in reducing corrosion and
in High Purity Boiler Water boiler tube failure. A new oxygen
probe has been developed and
Page 1058 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 1059 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1060 of 5199 01/27/2018

introduced commercially that
resolves key problems with
traditional DO sensor technology.
Traditional DO sensors use
galvanic or polarographic
amperometric technology that
require regular calibration,
electrolyte replenishment, careful
membrane treatment, flow control
and complex electrode
regeneration on a regular basis to
maintain accuracy. The new probe
does not have membranes nor
uses electrolyte. Instead it
measures the rate of fade due to
the presence of oxygen on a
luminophor after it is exposed to
blue light. Slope calibration is
rarely needed and an automatic
zero calibration is utilized to verify
the system on a monthly basis.
Use of this probe with controller
has been demonstrated in several
low-level oxygen power plant
applications to optimize water
treatment. Case studies from this
plant experience will be discussed.
Page 1061 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1062 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-64 Paper
IWC-07-65 Report
Page 1063 of 5199 01/27/2018

Using Particle Counters for ROBERT L. BRYANT, Chemtrac Systems, Inc., Norcross, GA Water analyses in almost all areas
Pretreatment Optimization, of power generation have focused
Iron Transport Monitoring, on ionic measurements such as
Condenser Leak on-line, continuous analyzers. A
Detection, and Carryover common instrument used for
Monitoring - A Synopsis of particulate measurement is the
Experiences turbidimeter. However, this
instrument doesn’t have the
required sensitivity for detecting
low levels of particulates in
pretreatment systems or the boiler
“recycle waters”. On-line particle
counters are being used in several
power plants due to their ability to
detect extremely low levels of
particulates (
Using Particle Counters for JAMES L. DROMGOOLE, Fort Bend Services, Inc. Stafford , Texas
Pretreatment Optimization,
Iron Transport Monitoring,
Condenser Leak
Detection, and Carryover
Monitoring - A Synopsis of
Experiences
Characterization of CARL HENSMAN, MONICA GARICA-STRICKLAND, Frontier Geosciences,
Selenium Species in Flue Seattle, WA
Gas Desulfurization
Waters Using High
Page 1064 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
Page 1065 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-66 Report
Page 1066 of 5199 01/27/2018

Performance Liquid
Chromatograph Inductively
Coupled Plasma Mass
Spectroscopy (HPLC-ICP-
DRC-MS)
Technical, Economic and C. WILSON MUSSBACHER, B.Sc., E.I.T., EnCana Oil; Gas Partnership, The technical, environmental and
Environmental Impact of Calgary, AB, Canada economic impact of blending more
Blending High Hardness brackish water sources and
Brackish Water for treating with Ion Exchange is
Makeup Water to evaluated. Specifically McMurray
Generate Steam at formation water (hardness=487
EnCana's SAGD Facilities mg/L CaCO3, TDS=21 000 mg/L)
is compared to Clearwater
Formation (hardness=126 mg/L
CaCO3, TDS=4090 mg/L). Using
McMurray formation water will
result in an increase up to 263
m3/d in water to disposal,
increased operating and capital
costs up to an after tax cash flow
loss of $12 million over 25 years to
produce 1787 m3/d of soft makeup
water for Christina Lake. Foster
Creek is currently blending harder,
more brackish makeup water
sources and the actual disposal
volumes and chemical costs are
Page 1067 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 1068 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-67 Report
IWC-07-68 Report
Page 1069 of 5199 01/27/2018

compared to those predicted for
Christina Lake. Challenges at
Foster Creek make it difficult to
evaluate the environmental and
economic impact of blending
harder water but it is apparent that
the actual values at Foster Creek
are much higher than the predicted
values for Christina Lake,
indicating the Christina Lake
values are much too conservative
Produced Water and High JOHN C. BENETTI, Jacobs Canada Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada Process selection of the water
Salinity Water Treatment treatmant, WTP, systems is of
at SAGD Facilities paramount importance to the
success of a steam assisted
gravity drainage, SAGD, project.
Various process treatment
schemes to treat several different
make-up water sources are
reviewed. The decision-making
factors such as technical,
economic and environmental
impacts in the design of SAGD
WTP systems are identified and
discussed.
Guidelines for Produced DAN PETERSON, HPD West, Bellevue, WA An evaporative process for treating
Water Evaporators in produced water has been
Page 1070 of 5199 01/27/2018

Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage, SAGD, Mechanical

http://www.eswp.com
Vapour Compression, MVC, Evaporators, High Salinity
Water, , Produced Water, Make-up Water, OTSG, Warm
rder_form.html
Lime Softener, WLS, Strong Acid Cation, SAC, Weak Acid
Cation, WAC
Produced Water, Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD, evaporator,

http://www.eswp.com
evaporation of wastewater, crystallizer, crystallization of
Page 1071 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-69 Paper
IWC-40~13
Page 1072 of 5199 01/27/2018

SAGD demonstrated in SAGD. This
process is an improvement over
conventional treatment methods in
that it produces half the waste with
three orders of magnitude
improvement in recovered water
quality. Design concepts are
illustrated and explained in this
paper.
Fouling of WAC and SAC GUY J. MOMMAERTS, P.Eng., Ion Exchange Services (Canada) Inc., Elmira, This paper discusses the impact of
Resins in EOR ON, Canada organic and inorganic foulants on
Applications. softening resins, means to prevent
such fouling, and cleaning
methods to remove such fouling.
Appropriate operating practices
are presented. The information
related in this progress report will
be of value for process engineers
designing new systems and to
operators in charge of existing
systems.
Technology Selection ROCH LAFLAMME, ROBERT GERARD, Montreal-Amsterdam GE Water and
Tools for Boiler Feedwater Process Technologies
Applications (high purity
water)
Necessity for Boiler Rice, C. W.
Practices
Page 1073 of 5199 01/27/2018

wastewater, Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage, SAGD,
enhanced oil recovery, EOR, bitumen production.
rder_form.html
EOR, WAC resin, SAC resin, Fouling, Precipitate

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None
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Page 1074 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-70 Report
Page 1075 of 5199 01/27/2018

Continuous Blow Down BUDI SATRIYO, PLTU Suralaya - PT.Indonesia Power, Merak- Banten, Availability and efficiency of steam
Water Re-Use in Suralaya Indonesia generation power plant operation
Coal Fired Power Plant Pt. have become very important points
Indonesia Power with for long term continuous operation,
3400 MW Capacity especially in coal-fired power
plants. Wastewater from the
continuous blow down boiler in
Suralaya Power Plant has given us
an idea to raise the efficiency and
availability of the steam generation
operation, that is, by using a “zero
waste water program”. We made a
pond with a 450-cu.m. capacity to
collect the wastewater from the
continuous blow down water. We
then reuse it to submerge the
scrapper conveyor in furnace
bottom area, to wash the pyrite in
pulverizer inerting system, to spray
the dust in the dust conditioners, to
spray the coal stockpile, and as
fire fighting water. By applying this
“zero wastewater program”
Suralaya Power Station has been
able to reduce the operation cost
and the maintenance cost of
equipment that used seawater.
Page 1076 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 1077 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-71 Report
IWC-07-75 Poster
Page 1078 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reclaiming Cooling Tower HAROLD W. GRANT, Sasol Technology, Secunda, South Africa Preparations for new clean fuel
Blowdown - A Case Study specifications at Sasol Synfuels’
at Sasol Synfuels 160 000 bbl/day coal to liquids,
CTL, plant at Secunda in South
Africa increased the demand for
water utilities. New production
units require high quality feed
water. Recovery of 12 M/day of
cooling tower blow down, using
existing technologies, in stead of
using additional raw water led to a
saving of approximately 6% on the
total raw water intake.
Treatment of Water EDERIO D. BIDOIA, P. B. MORAES, I. C. P. GUSMAO, State University of Sao We have been developing
Containing Bacteria by Paulo (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil electrochemical technology to treat
Electrochemical Reactor potable or reuse water without
addition of chemical substances.
The electrochemical technology
uses oxide electrodes to treat
water and promote disinfection.
The oxide electrodes originally
were destined for the use of
chlorine-alkali industry but
nowadays they have been used for
electrochemical disinfection of
water. The main reagent
generated by the electrochemical
Page 1079 of 5199 01/27/2018

Coal to Liquids, CTL, Water Reclamation, Cooling Tower
http://www.eswp.com
Blow Down None
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Page 1080 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-77 Poster
Page 1081 of 5199 01/27/2018

treatment is the electron that is a
nonpolluting reagent. In this work,
a pilot-scale electrochemical
reactor using an anode made of
70%TiO2/30%RuO2 was
employed to treat water
contaminated with Escherichia coli
or Staphylococcus aureus, without
any addition of chemical
substances during the processes.
The analyses of bacteria were
made by colony-forming unit, CFU.
The electrochemical technology
removed 100% of the bacteria in
one hour, and able to act in
association with the traditional
biological treatments for
disinfection as tertiary treatment.
"How To" Interpret U.S. CLIFTON E. McCANN, ESQ., KEITH G. HADDAWAY, Ph.D., Venable LLP, Claim interpretation is important in
Patent Claims Chevy Chase, MD determining the scope of your
patent rights and in determining
whether anyone else has a patent
that would prevent you from
making, using, selling or importing
an apparatus or method. Claims
are interpreted as to their meaning
when viewed by a person of
Page 1082 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 1083 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-07-78 Report
Page 1084 of 5199 01/27/2018

ordinary skill in the art and in light
of the patent’s written description,
arguments made to the Patent
Office and dictionary definitions.
Claim terms are given their
ordinary meaning unless the
patent’s written description or
arguments made to the Patent
Office indicate otherwise.
Occasionally, prior art references
and expert witnesses are used to
resolve ambiguity
Time and Money -The PIERRE KWAN, MARK GRAVES, LYLE CHRISTENSEN, HDR Engineering, Ethanol plants require several
Problem with Bad Water Bellevue, WA types of water: production process
Sources and Worse water, boiler feed water, and
Disposal Options cooling tower make-up. The
amount and cost of the treatment
are dependent on the quality of the
available water. This presentation
provides side-by-side design, cost,
and schedule comparisons of three
110 million gallon/year facilities
with nearly identical water quality
and quantity requirements but with
different source water qualities and
wastewater discharge methods.
These three plants bracket nearly
Page 1085 of 5199 01/27/2018

Residuals management, construction costs, construction

http://www.eswp.com
schedule
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Page 1086 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08~00 PowerPoint
Page 1087 of 5199 01/27/2018

the entire range of water treatment
requirements that all large
industrial facilities can encounter.
Facility #1 uses only filtration,
reverse osmosis, RO, and ion
exchange, IX, with high quality
groundwater available and
disharge of waste water to a
stream. Facility #2 had poor quality
groundwater resulted in the
installation of lime and soda ash
softening equipment as
pretreatment to the RO and IX.
Brine discharge required a
complex scheme of pumping and
onsite storage., The third facility
had both poor groundwater and no
discharge options. Zero-liquid
discharge equipment needed to be
installed, and this was the most
expensive of the three and had the
longest construction duration.
The Future of the Water JEAN-MICHEL HERREWYN, CEO, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies, Powerpoint presentation topics:
Treatment Industry: The Maurice, Il de France, France water scarcity with financial,
Vision of a Committed environmental and political issues;
Partner value of water and wastewater as
an energy resource: integration
Page 1088 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 1089 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-40~14
IWC-08-02 Paper
Page 1090 of 5199 01/27/2018

and new green technologies;
biotech and nanotech
Ssignificance of Hydroxide Discussion Moderator: Deborah Bloom, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Alkalinity Control in Steam
Generation Systems, a
Panel Discussion
Sponsored by the ASME
Research and Technology
Committee on Water and
Steam in Thermal
Systems
Commisioning High Panel Discussion Moderator; William Moore, Fluor Corporation Inc., Sugar Land,
Pressure powr Plants TX;
Technology Selection GREGORY OSEN, Christ Water Technology Americas, LLC, New Britain, CT
Tools for Boiler Feedwater
Applications (high purity
water)
Use of Organic Materials Holmes, J. A.
in the Treatment of Boiler
Feedwater
Condensate Polishing For AL TAVARES, Graver Technologies, LLC, Glasgow, DE, ROBERT A. This paper provides a brief history
Nuclear and Super Critical APPLEGATE, Graver Water Systems, LLC, Cranford, NJ, and timeline of condensate
Power Plants for the 21st polishing from the 1950’s to the
Century present. It then discusses the
equipment, designs, process
Page 1091 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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None
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condensate polishing, mixed bed, deep bed, precoat filter

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powdered resin, hollow fiber, filtration, ultra low chloride
resin
rder_form.html
Page 1092 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-03 Paper
Page 1093 of 5199 01/27/2018

strategies, and operating
techniques that are being
employed and developed to
address the increasingly stringent
requirements of plants in the 21st
century.
Condensate Polishing For GEORGE J. CRITS, WILLIAM J. RUNYAN, IDRECO USA, Ardmore, PA
Nuclear and Super Critical
Power Plants for the 21st
Century
Condensate Polishing KAL FAROOQ, Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NY Premature plugging of resin pre-
System Upgrade with coated, back-washable
Melt-blown, Reverse condensate filter septa cartridges
Gradient, Backwash Filter with resin fines and contaminants,
Septa resulting in short runs is a common
occurrence at powerplants.
Besides short runs, filter by-pass,
end-cap failures and system trips
due to high filter_x000D_
differential pressure are all too
common with condensate water
backwash systems using_x000D_
typical, nominal rated commodity
filtration. Engineered, high
efficiency, reverse gradient depth
media filter elements,
manufactured by a proprietary
Page 1094 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Condensate, pre-coat resin, backwash, string-wound, melt-

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blown, polypropylene, drum boiler, pre-mature filter
plugging, air-cooled condenser
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Page 1095 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-04 Report
Page 1096 of 5199 01/27/2018

melt-blown fiber technology,
were_x000D_
installed at a combined cycle 775
MW electric generating plant
located in Northeast USA.
The_x000D_
plant has a 275 MW steam turbine
generator, using air-cooled
condenser for condensing
the_x000D_
steam. This paper discusses the
experience with the upgraded
filtration over a period of
18_x000D_
months.
Condensate Polishing GIL ROYAL, Graver Technologies, Glasgow, DE
System Upgrade with
Melt-blown, Reverse
Gradient, Backwash Filter
Septa
The Evolution of Water SANDY SCHEXNAILDER, GE Water & Process Technologies, Dallas, TX Pacific Gas & Electric’s (PGE)
Processing Technology at Diablo Canyon Power Plant
Diablo Canyon Nuclear (DCPP) has a unique 28-year
Power Plant evolution in filtration, evaporation,
desalination and demineralization
technologies that has been used in
processing three distinctly different
Page 1097 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Nuclear, Seawater, Evaporator, Reverse Osmosis, Media

http://www.eswp.com
Filtration, Ultraviolet, Electrodialysis Reversal,
Ultrafiltration, Clarifier, Acid Neutralizing Filter, Ion
rder_form.html
Exchange
Page 1098 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-05 Paper
Page 1099 of 5199 01/27/2018

water sources for plant operation.
The plant utilizes a combination of
seawater, surface and well
sources to provide water for steam
generation, primary water, fire
protection and potable use. This
review of Diablo Canyon’s
evolution will serve as a brief
history of water treatment
technologies used over the course
of time in the nuclear industry.
Effective Treatment PETER TEN EYCK, GEORGE PEABODY, Nalco Co, .Naperville IL Corrosion and fouling, in their
Programs To Control many forms, can compromise
Corrosion and Fouling in cooling capacity and eventually
Once-Through Nuclear lead to failures of components in
Service Water Systems once-through nuclear service
water systems, SWS. Certain
design and operating
characteristics of nuclear SWS
make them particularly vulnerable
to these degradation mechanisms.
Nuclear plant Engineering and
Chemistry personnel are
challenged to develop the
economic justification to chemically
treat SWS, and they face
considerable resistance when
Page 1100 of 5199 01/27/2018

nuclear service water system, once-through cooling water,

http://www.eswp.com
3D TRASAR®, EVAC®, corrosion control, fouling control,
macrofouling control None
rder_form.html
Page 1101 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-06 Report
Page 1102 of 5199 01/27/2018

requesting engineering design
changes to install side stream
monitoring stations. Additionally,
environmental discharge
regulations severely limit the type,
dosage and duration of chemical
treatments that can be applied to
cooling water systems that operate
on a once-through basis. This
paper discusses some of the
challenges associated with
controlling corrosion and fouling.
Four case studies are included that
exemplify the use of advanced
chemical and automation
technologies that help to provide
sustainable performance for SWS.
Effective Treatment K. ANTHONY SELBY, Water Technology Consultants, Inc., Evergreen, CO
Programs To Control
Corrosion and Fouling in
Once-Through Nuclear
Service Water Systems
Water Management CUONG T. TRUONG, GOMES GANAPATHI, JULIUS ISAAC, Bechtel Power Phosphorus and Nitrogen are well-
Practices in Nuclear Corporation, Frederick, MD, TONY BANKS, Dominion Power, Glen Allen, VA; documented major nutrient
Power Plants – Controlling pollutants impacting the
and Monitoring Nutrients in Chesapeake Bay, as well as many
Discharge Streams other smaller and well publicized
Page 1103 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Water management practices, discharge, controlling and

http://www.eswp.com
monitoring nutrients, environmental regulations,
Chesapeake Bay, Virginia State Water Control Board ,
rder_form.html
Virginia Department of Environment Quality, water quality
Page 1104 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-25 Paper
Page 1105 of 5199 01/27/2018

receiving bodies of water. This
paper presents recent regulatory
considerations for nutrient
discharges, and their impact on
existing and potential nuclear
power plants that affect water
quality of the Bay. This paper also
describes the approach to the
design of potential new nuclear
power plants and alternative
treatment options for current
operating plants.
Iron Specific Resin, a RENU SARAF, Ion Exchange India Ltd., Mumbai, India Iron Specific Resin is an ion
Novel Technique and an exchange resin based patented
Excellent Choice for product having manganese dioxide
Removal of Iron from as catalytic moiety. It enhances the
Ground Water oxidation of iron and converts the
soluble iron (Fe++) to insoluble
ferric hydroxide which can be
filtered. After a scouring backwash
the magnesium dioxide is not
consumed and does not require
chemicals to reactivate or recharge
the media. The paper mainly
emphasizes the basics of catalytic
media, existing iron removal
technology, and commercial
Page 1106 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1107 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-07 Paper
Page 1108 of 5199 01/27/2018

viability as a domestic POU
product.
A Field Test for Rapid NEIL POLWART, ROSS GRANT, Hydrosense Limited, Linlithgow, UK; Legionella pneumophila is the
Detection of Legionella HOWARD BARNES, ERIC HOLMES, Nalco Company, Northwich, UK, TOM most common cause of infections
Pneumophila Serogroup 1 LINDLEY, ANDREW COOPER, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL; caused by Legionella species and
in Water Samples accounts for the majority
(approximately 70 – 80%) of all
reported Legionnaires’ disease
cases. Traditional methods for
detecting Legionella are laboratory
based and require skilled
technicians. A rapid on-site test
detects all ten recognized
subtypes of L. pneumophila
serogroup 1. The analytical
sensitivity, analytical specificity
and diagnostic sensitivity have
been experimentally determined
and a sample concentration
method has been developed. The
robustness to a range of
environmental conditions and
water treatment chemistries has
been investigated.
A Field Test for Rapid SCOTT M. BOYETTE, PhD, GE Water & Process Technologies, Trevose, PA;
Detection of Legionella JIE LI, KECHAO YANG, JING CHEN, WEIMIN XIAO, RONG XU, GE Water and
Pneumophila Serogroup 1 Process Technologies, Shangahi, China
Page 1109 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1110 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-08 Paper
IWC-08-09 Report
Page 1111 of 5199 01/27/2018

in Water Samples
Novel Electrodeionization JOHN M. RIVIELLO, Trovion Co., Santa Cruz, CA; ARCHAVA SIRIRAKS, Electrodeionization, EDI, is a well
Devices: Applications in Trovion Pte, Ltd, Singapore established technique for the
Inorganic Analysis production of ultrapure water,
UPW. In this presentation we will
discuss novel electrodeionization
devices which have been
developed primarily for use in
chemical analysis. These EDI
devices can be incorporated
directly into the analytical
instruments for on-line production
of UPW, or can be used off-line for
automated sample dilution or
sample preparation. Applications
of these EDI devices in trace
analysis of inorganic ions will be
shown.
Novel Electrodeionization VADIM MALKOV, PhD., Hach Company, Loveland, CO
Devices: Applications in
Inorganic Analysis
Update on the Steam DIANE R. MARTINI, Sargent & Lundy, Chicago, IL In the October 2007 “Preliminary
Electric Power Effluent 2008 Effluent Guidelines Plan”,
Guidelines EPA outlined further detailed study
that is needed to determine
whether 40 CFR 423 requires
Page 1112 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
EDI, electrodeionization, UPW, IC, ion chromatography,
http://www.eswp.com
trace analysis, ultrapure water, ion analysis, inorganic
analysis
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Steam Electric Power Point Source Category, Copper,
http://www.eswp.com
Aluminum, Arsenic, Boron, Mercury, Selenium, Flue Gas
Desulfurization, FGD, 40 CFR 423,
rder_form.html
Page 1113 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-10 Paper
Page 1114 of 5199 01/27/2018

revision or updating. All indications
are that EPA will revise the effluent
guidelines, and has requested coal
fired power plant data regarding
boron, low level mercury, and
nitrogen compounds and metals,
all of which are difficult to treat.
This report summarizes the
Effluent Guidelines planning
process, and discusses some
potential regulatory impacts. New,
lower detection levels in particular
have the potential to expand the
number of regulated parameters
Diagnostice and Control of MARTIN R. GODFREY, RICHARD A. PETERSON, STEPHEN S. MORI, Nalco An automation system was
Scale and Corrosion Company, Naperville, IL installed on the feedwater of two
Stress in a 500 HP Steam\ firetube boilers at a chemical
Geerating System using processing plant. An inert
New Fluorescence and fluorescent tracer and all solid-
Oxidation-Reduction state fluorometer were used to
Technology control antiscalant feed plus a
novel at-temperature oxidation-
reduction potential,ORP, sensor
monitored oxygen scavenger
chemistry. Problems regarding
deaerator efficiency and boiler
carryover were diagnosed using
Page 1115 of 5199 01/27/2018

Fluorescence, Oxidation-Reduction Potential, Automation.

http://www.eswp.com
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Page 1116 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1117 of 5199 01/27/2018

real-time fluorescence and ORP
data. Automation of chemical
addition reduced dosage variability
and improved chemical efficiency.
Diagnostice and Control of VICKIE OLSON, Honeywell Field Solutions, Atlanta, GA
Scale and Corrosion
Stress in a 500 HP Steam\
Geerating System using
New Fluorescence and
Oxidation-Reduction
Technology
Phosphate is Practically JAMES BELLOWS, PhD, Siemens Energy, Inc., Orlando, FL Many people believe that sodium
Caustic? phosphate is considerably safer
than sodium hydroxide as a boiler
treatment. This report explores the
chemistry of phosphate, both at
25°C and at boiler temperatures. It
shows that the hydrolysis of the
phosphate ion is nearly complete
and that the hydrolysis of the
hydrogen phosphate ion is also
very substantial, even at 25°C.
Thus, the chemistry of phosphate
in a steam generator is practically
that of sodium hydroxide and
mono- or disodium-phosphate.
Silica in Steam Generating EDWARD S. BEARDWOOD, Ashland Canada Corp., Ajax, ON, Canada Silica present as an impurity in
Page 1118 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Boiler Chemistry, Equilibrium, Hydrolysis

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Silica, Silicic Acid, deposition, steam generators, steam
Page 1119 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1120 of 5199 01/27/2018

Systems waters used for the production of
steam have resulted in
both_x000D_
water side deposition in steam
generators and steam/condensate
fouling within turbines. A brief
review of the history of silica
deposition/fouling and its control
will be provided. The suggested
boiler water silica limits in the
ASME booklet; “Consensus on
Operating Practices for the Control
of Feedwater and Boiler Water
Chemistry in Modern Industrial
Boilers”, and their derivation will be
discussed. The elements
comprising total steam purity as
well as a procedure for estimating
the silica contribution will be
disclosed. The effects of silica
volatility and prediction methods
will be provided. Thus, allowing
one to determine pretreatment
selection and system operational
control range set points required to
meet the silica steam purity
specification associated with a
Page 1121 of 5199 01/27/2018

turbines, volatility, fugacity, partitioning, steam purity limits,
http://www.eswp.com
vaporous carryover, mechanical carryover, attemperation
quality, pH, hydroxyl ion, dissociation constant, phase
rder_form.html
transition zone.
Page 1122 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1123 of 5199 01/27/2018

particular turbine and its duty.
Iron Specific Resin, a RICK SZILAGYI, WesTech Engineering, Rockton, IL

Novel Technique and an
Excellent Choice for
Removal of Iron from
Ground Water
An Introduction to ROBERT D. BARTHOLOMEW, PE, Sheppard T. Powell Associates, LLC, As a leadoff for a session on
Alkalinity Limits for Boiler Baltimore, MD hydroxide alkalinity for industrial
Water Treatment boilers, this paper summarizes
some concerns and factors to
consider when setting alkalinity
limits. Other papers presented at
this session may delve more
deeply into specific problems
caused by high or low alkalinities
and the required design,
operational, and chemistry limits
for avoiding these problems. The
goal of this session is to state the
current science and experience
relating to alkalinity limits in
industrial boilers before initiating a
project to develop An Alkalinity
Supplement/Addendum to the
Consensus on Operating Practices
for the Control of Feedwater and
Boiler Water Chemistry in Modern
Page 1124 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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rder_form.html
Page 1125 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-16 Paper
Page 1126 of 5199 01/27/2018

Industrial Boilers (1). An example
of developing alkalinity limits for
one industrial facility is presented.
Sodium Hydroxide in JAMES BELLOWS, PhD., SUDHIR RAJAGOPALAN, Siemens Energy, Inc, Sodium hydroxide can be a major
Steam Turbines Orlando, FL corrodent of steam turbines. The
thermodynamic properties of
sodium hydroxide are examined.
Some symptoms of sodium
hydroxide contamination are
explained. Three examples of
turbine damage caused by sodium
hydroxide are presented.
Design Challenges in LISA BENNETT, KUMAR SINHA, PE, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD Power plant discharges have
Implementing Water become a prime target for
Management Controls: A environmental controls and it is
New Look at Water becoming necessary to integrate
Recycle and Reuse in the plant water balances with
Power Plants prudent yet practical water
management principles. This
concept applies to National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System, NPDES, discharges as
well as controlled liquid discharge,
CLD, and zero liquid discharge,
ZLD, systems. This technical
paper will address conventional
and advanced pretreatment and
Page 1127 of 5199 01/27/2018

Caustic, Corrosion, Steam Properties

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Environmental controls, CLD, ZLD, NPDES, reuse, recycle,

http://www.eswp.com
ash disposal, FGD systems, RO, EDI, cooling towers,
evaporation, crystallization, sludge dewatering, Heat
rder_form.html
Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG), air cooled condenser
(ACC
Page 1128 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1129 of 5199 01/27/2018

wastewater treatment technologies
that should be implemented in new
power plants to minimize
wastewater generation, increase
recycle and reuse of wastewater,
and minimize discharge. The use
of sewage treatment plant effluent
water for power plant makeup will
be discussed using technologies
such as high rate clarifiers,
membrane filters, reverse osmosis,
RO, and Electro-deionization, EDI,
technologies. To limit or eliminate
liquid discharge from power plants,
use of wastewater pre-
concentration technologies using
membrane filtration, and final
concentration using evaporation,
crystallization, and dewatering
techniques will be discussed. Case
histories with plant water balances
and water management principles
will be presented demonstrating
innovative recycle and reuse
practices along with
recommendations on technologies
used. The paper will emphasize
Page 1130 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1131 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-17 Report
Page 1132 of 5199 01/27/2018

that with the new wave of power
plants concentrating on improved
and more efficient air and water
pollution controls, it is imperative
that innovative raw water
pretreatment and wastewater
treatment methods be adopted for
recycle and reuse.
Design Challenges in DIANE R. MARTINI, Sargent & Lundy, LLC, Chicago, IL
Implementing Water
Management Controls: A
New Look at Water
Recycle and Reuse in
Power Plants
Flue Gas Condensate and MILAN TEPPLER, Radscan Intervex AB, Västerås, Sweden; JONATHAN Energy plants in Europe are
Energy Recovery WOOD, PATRICK BUZZELL, Siemens Water Technologies, Lowell, MA increasingly turning to biosolids as
an alternative to traditional non-
renewable fossil fuels. Biosolids
have high water contents, resulting
in a flue gas with 30-50% water. A
process has been developed to
treat and recover 90% of this flue
gas condensate for reuse as boiler
makeup water, while recovering
considerable energy from the hot
gas. The process uses a
combination of scrubbers, heat
Page 1133 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Flue gas, condensate, waste-to-energy, reverse osmosis,

http://www.eswp.com
RO, electrodeionization, EDI, ultrafiltration, UF, makeup
water, boiler feed.
rder_form.html
Page 1134 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-18 Paper
Page 1135 of 5199 01/27/2018

exchangers, ultrafiltration, reverse
osmosis, membrane degasification
and electrodeionization. This
report will describe a commercial
system that has been in operation
for over two years, and paid for
itself in energy savings.
Reclaimed Water Use as TIMOTHY W. EGGERT, GE Water & Process Technologies, Seal Beach, CA; Reclaimed Water or Recycled
Cooling Tower Makeup - GARY GEIGER, GE Water & Process Technologies, Trevose, PA; DAN HARBS, Water as a source of makeup is
The Ongoing Challenge GE Water & Process Technologies, Fountain Valley, CA gaining wide acceptance_x000D_
and is no longer the exception, but
fast becoming the standard source
for any new construction or the
only source of new makeup water
for existing facilities. Treatment of
cooling systems using this source
of makeup water is challenging
and requires a complete treatment
approach for success. This paper
briefly reviews the history of
reclaimed water use in the
southern California area and as
cooling water makeup for local
refinery cooling towers. The
current treatment approach in one
refinery is reviewed emphasizing
how a complete program of
Page 1136 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cooling Water, Municipal Wastewater, Reclaimed Water,

http://www.eswp.com
Recycled Water, Refinery, Southern California, Title 22.
rder_form.html
Page 1137 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-19 Report
Page 1138 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemistry, instrumentation,
monitoring, program management
and communication with the
reclaimed water provider is
achieving excellent results. A short
discussion of the future of
reclaimed water use and treatment
programs is provided to illustrate
how the use of this makeup source
is expanding worldwide.
Reclaimed Water Use as KASHI BANERJEE Ph.D., P.E., DEE, N.A. Water Systems, Veolia Water
Cooling Tower Makeup -
The Ongoing Challenge
Practical Operation of the PETER ROBERTS, Consultant, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia The unique Legionella Legislation
Victorian Legionella of the state of Victoria, Australia,
Legislation Over 6 Years - which includes requirements for all
from an Auditor's Cooling Tower Systems, CTSs, to
Perspective be registered, for each to have a
Risk Management Plan, RMP, for
the control of Legionella and to
have conformance to its Plan
annually audited by a Government
registered Legionella Auditor, has
been in full operation since 2003.
This report covers the practicalities
of the operation of the system as
seen from an Auditors perspective,
Page 1139 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Legionella, Victoria, Legislation, Registration, Risk
http://www.eswp.com
Management Plan, Legionella Auditing
rder_form.html
Page 1140 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-20 Report
Page 1141 of 5199 01/27/2018

seen from an Auditors perspective,
details areas of possible
improvement and notes particular
aspects that warrant specific
attention by any other jurisdictions
considering similar laws.
Puckorius Scaling Index LORRAINE HUCHLER, PE, CMC, MarTech Systems Inc., Lawrenceville, NJ
as Applied to Dolphin
(Pulsed Power) Non-
chemical Water Treatment
Lessons Learned from the DAVE CHRISTOPHERSEN, Crown Solutions- Veolia Water S&T, Vandalia, OH; The management of the Legionella
Implementation of Biocide KARIM ESSEMIANI, Veolia Water S&T North America, Moon Township, PA; growth risk depends on the
Strategies in Cooling ALAIN VIDAL SANDRINE OBERTI, Veolia Water R&D, Maisons Laffitte, France; treatment types, their efficiency
Towers (JEAN PIERRE BRIFFAUT, Veolia Environnement R&D, Paris, France) control, and program maintenance.
The safety of the installations was
assured with a biocide strategy. It
is based on a continuous injection
of oxidizing biocide and shock feed
of organic biocide. The guidelines
describe the operational conditions
of this biocide strategy. The
feedback was realized with risk
analysis results of several
installations: This statistical
analysis showed a good efficiency
of the biocide in comparison with
other treatment.
Page 1142 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Cooling tower, biocide, Legionella, interfering flora

http://www.eswp.com
(interfering microbiology), risk analysis
rder_form.html
Page 1143 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-21 Paper
Page 1144 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cooling Towers, Drift, and THOMAS BUGLER, JOHN LANE, Evapco, Inc., Taneytown, MD; RICHARD D. By itself, the presence of
Legionellosis MILLER, Ph.D., Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Legionellae in a cooling tower is
Louisville, Louisville, KY; BARRY FIELDS, Ph.D., Centers for Disease Control insufficient to predict the potential
and Prevention, Atlanta, GA for disease transmission because
other factors are involved. This
paper will describe details about
one factor, cooling tower air
emissions, by providing a
comprehensive technical
understanding of drift quantity,
droplet distribution, and plume
dispersion to estimate Legionella
bacteria concentration as a
function of distance and
legionellae concentration in the
tower water. By understanding
these air emission details, ranges
of Legionella bacteria
concentration at distances from the
tower can be estimated as a
function of legionellae_x000D_
concentration in the tower water.
This paper will also describe the
ecology of the bacteria in cooling
towers and the epidemiology of
outbreaks attributed to cooling
towers. Most importantly, the
Page 1145 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Page 1146 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-22 Report
Page 1147 of 5199 01/27/2018

paper will discuss the correlation of
the bacteria-exposure model
described in this paper with the
incidents of disease from
previously studied outbreaks. The
quantity of bacteria required to
cause disease depends on several
factors including the health of the
individual and the exposure.
Cooling Towers, Drift, and THOMAS BUGLER, JOHN LANE, Evapco, Inc., Taneytown, MD; RICHARD
Legionellosis MILLER, Ph.D., Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of
Louisville, Louisville, KY; BARRY FIELDS, Ph.D., Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Cooling Towers, Drift, and JOHN J. FARMERIE, Cyrus Rice Water Consultants, Pittsburgh, PA
Legionellosis
Single-stage Vacuum GLENN HARBOLD, JONATHAN PARK, Gas Tran Systems, Cleveland, OH A novel mechanical approach to
Deaeration Technology for single-stage vacuum deaeration
Achieving Low Dissolved has been developed in order to
Gas in Process Water remove dissolved gases to
extremely low levels in process
water. The technology uses
process intensification principles to
improve mass transfer processes
involving gases and liquids. By
imparting high shear and
centrifugal forces on a liquid to
Page 1148 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Deaeration, Degasification, Decarbonation, Dissolved
http://www.eswp.com
oxygen, Membranes, Rotating Packed Beds, Vacuum
Towers, Carbonated Soft Drink Packaging
rder_form.html
Page 1149 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-23 Report
Page 1150 of 5199 01/27/2018

centrifugal forces on a liquid to
create extremely small droplets, a
large surface area is exposed
through which efficient gas
absorption and gas removal can
occur. Once the small droplets are
created, a vacuum pump
is_x000D_
used to remove dissolved gases to
low levels not achievable with
other vacuum deaeration designs.
Applications for the technology
include dissolved gas removal
from liquids for beverage bottling,
ion exchange, ultrapure
applications, downhole water
injection, boiler feedwater, and
many other process water pre-
treatment applications.
Emerging Water Quality DANIEL J. ROBINETTE, PE., CH2M HILL, Englewood, CO; CHARLIE Combustion turbine manufacturers
Issues in Combustion NICHOLS, PE., CH2M HILL, Atlanta, GA have developed stringent water
Turbine Evaporative quality guidelines for evaporative
Coolers coolers. This paper will explore
why these water quality guidelines
exist, how they could be improved,
and why they are difficult to meet
in this day of water scarcity and
Page 1151 of 5199 01/27/2018

Combustion Turbine, Evaporative Cooler, Langelier

http://www.eswp.com
Saturation Index, Ryznar Stability Index, Puckorius Scaling
Index, Reclaimed Water
rder_form.html
Page 1152 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-24 Paper
Page 1153 of 5199 01/27/2018

reclaimed water use.
Electropositive Filtration HENRY FRANK, Argonide Corporation, Sanford, FL; RICK LANCASTER, Toyota The drive for reducing water
Technology in Automobile Manufacturing, North America treatment costs impacted with the
Manufacturing premium placed on “green”
Applications initiatives. This has led to a major
push to target water reduction,
reuse and recycling. The
automotive industry is strongly
focused in this area due to the dual
pressures of price competition and
the buying public’s perceptions.
The average amount of water used
to manufacture a vehicle is a
benchmark that has quickly
become an accepted metric.
Filtration methods are one of the
key elements in the efforts to
reduce this metric and
electropositive filters offer unique
advantages - high flow rates at
high efficiency with a low pressure
drop resulting in reduced energy
consumption
Electropositive Filtration HENRY FRANK, Argonide Corporation, Sanford, FL; RICK LANCASTER, Toyota
Technology in Automobile Manufacturing, North America
Manufacturing
Applications
Page 1154 of 5199 01/27/2018

RO; Prefiltration; SDI; TOC; Iron; Filter; Chiller; Bacteria;

http://www.eswp.com
Biofouling
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None
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Page 1155 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1156 of 5199 01/27/2018

Electropositive Filtration DREW W. JOHNSON, PhD., PE, University of Texas at San Antonio, San
Technology in Automobile Antonio, TX
Manufacturing
Applications
Use of High Efficiency ARUN MITTAL, Aquatech International Corporation, Canonsburg, PA
Reverse Osmosis
(HERO), Brine
Concentration
and_x000D_
Crystallization at the
World's First Two Zero
Liquid Discharge (ZLD)
Ethanol Plants
Steam Reboilers - The DOUGLAS DEWITT-DICK, Champion Technologies, Fresno, TX Steam and condensate systems in
Good, The Bad and The refineries and petrochemical
Ugly complexes tend to be the poor
stepchildren when compared to
operations and production. Steam
reboilers, while an integral part of
the process, would then be the
illegitimate offspring of these
stepchildren. While the damage
mechanisms that result in
condensate system failures are
similar to those observed in steam
reboilers, mitigation techniques
vary. Water flooding, carbon
Page 1157 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Pump around, steam collapse, sub-cooling, erosion-

http://www.eswp.com
corrosion, thermosyphon, kettle type,
rder_form.html
Page 1158 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1159 of 5199 01/27/2018

dioxide wind-up, steam/water
hammer and inappropriate reboiler
selection represent a few of the
factors affecting steam reboiler
performance. This paper will
discuss these concerns and offer
some remedial actions.
Condensate Polishing and ROBERT HOLLOWAY, Holloway Associates, Etobicoke, ON, Canada Condensed steam from heating,
Reclamation in process and power generation is a
Hydrocarbon Processing valuable resource that is frequently
and Chemical Processing contaminated in both steam and
Steam Plants condensate phases. This paper
reviews methodology used to
remove dissolved/suspended
solids and corrosive gases from
condensate.
Industrial Steam Purity, A. BANWEG, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL Steam purity is an important
Requirements, Proper consideration in industrial steam
Sampling and Practical generating system. Deviations can
Considerations cause deposition and/or corrosion
situations that can result in
efficiency losses, impact
availability and in some cases
create a safety concern.
Unfortunately many times the
steam purity from a boiler may not
be determined until a problem
Page 1160 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Steam Purity, Isokinetic Sampling Nozzle, Superheater,

http://www.eswp.com
Turbine
rder_form.html
Page 1161 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-29 Report
Page 1162 of 5199 01/27/2018

occurs. Typically isokinetic steam
sampling nozzles are not installed
in most boiler systems and the
proper installation requirements for
those nozzles may not be met
within the actual steam piping. This
paper will discuss steam purity
requirements, steam sampling
system requirements and practical
applications.
Effective Monitoring and IRVIN J. COTTON, Arthur Freedman Associates, Inc, Newport, RI The objective of the water
Control in Steam treatment for any type boiler
Generating Systems system is to prevent
metal_x000D_
failure due to corrosion, minimize
deposition on heat transfer
surfaces and maintain steam
purity. This paper reviews the
newer ASME recommended
guidelines for sampling, monitoring
and control of water chemistry in
steam generating systems.
Sample points, sampling
parameters, sample frequency
recommended and analytical
methods and interferences are
discussed. The need for site-
Page 1163 of 5199 01/27/2018

Boiler systems, Chemistry monitoring, HRSG, Boiler

http://www.eswp.com
feedwater, Condensate, Corrosion, Deposition, Steam
purity, Oxygen control
rder_form.html
Page 1164 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-30 Report
Page 1165 of 5199 01/27/2018

specific water chemistry is
discussed, including the
requirements for process steam
quality, potential contamination
issues and meeting manufacturer’s
requirements. An overview of
various refinery and petrochemical
steam generating systems,
including HRSG, heat recovery
steam generator, designs, and
major water related common
problems are reviewed. Methods
to minimize corrosion in these
systems and basic corrosion
reactions throughout the cycle,
along with chemistry guidelines
and monitoring requirements are
discussed.
Mercury Treatment in Flue MICHAEL PUDVAY, Degremont Technologies, Richmond, VA; ENOS L. Mercury control and removal is a
Gas Desulfurization STOVER, PhD., Stover & Associates, Inc., Stillwater, OK growing concern for the Utility
Wastewater, Development Industry in Flue Gas
Program Update Desulfurization, FGD,
wastewaters. New effluent
regulations on Mercury are
mandating that FGD wastewater
discharging to receiving streams
meet 2 – 12 ppt (Parts-per-Trillion)
Page 1166 of 5199 01/27/2018

Flue Gas Desulfurization, Mercury Removal, On-going

http://www.eswp.com
Field and Lab Testing
rder_form.html
Page 1167 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-31 Paper
Page 1168 of 5199 01/27/2018

effluent requirements. The removal
of Mercury from FGD wastewater
is especially challenging since it
can be present in multiple forms:
metallic mercury in the zero
valence form, ionic mercury, and
organic mercury as dimethyl
mercury. The interaction of these
forms with high levels of salts
present in the FGD wastewater
also complicates the treatment
process.
Full Scale Operation of GE JILL SONSTEGARD, TIM PICKETT, GE Water & Process Technologies, Salt To reduce sulfur dioxide emissions
ABMet Biological Lake City, UT; JAMES HARWOOD, GE Water & Process Technologies, Oakville, from the flue gasses produced
Technology for the ON, Canada; DANNY JOHNSON, P.E., Progress Energy Carolinas Inc., Raleigh, while burning_x000D_
Removal of Selenium from NC coal, Wet Flue-Gas
FGD Wastewaters Desulfurization, WFGD, systems
are being employed at coal-fired
power_x000D_
plants across the globe. These
WFGD systems transfer sulfur and
other compounds_x000D_
released during coal combustion
from a gaseous phase to a liquid
phase and then_x000D_
collectively contains them in a
wastewater stream. These same
Page 1169 of 5199 01/27/2018


http://www.eswp.com
mercury, nitrate, heavy metals
rder_form.html
Page 1170 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1171 of 5199 01/27/2018

facilities may also utilize_x000D_
dibasic acid, DBA, to increase
WFGD efficiency. Treatment of the
resulting wastewater in_x000D_
order to comply with increasingly
stringent discharge limits presents
itself as a formidable_x000D_
challenge. The untreated waste
stream concentrations of soluble
selenate can reach over
10_x000D_
ppm as well as contain elevated
levels of mercury, arsenic and
other solublized heavy_x000D_
metals, all of which require
removal prior to environmental
discharge. Two power plants
at_x000D_
Duke Energy and Progress Energy
in North Carolina have employed
biological technology for the
removal of these contaminants
from WFGD blowdown. This paper
will discuss the fundamentals of
the biological reduction process; its
demonstrated removal efficiency of
selenium, nitrate, and other trace
Page 1172 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1173 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-32 Paper
Page 1174 of 5199 01/27/2018

metals; the design and
commissioning of the first two
facilities; as well as the data
compiled during the initial months
of full-scale operation_x000D_
with an emphasis on the Progress
Energy Roxboro Station.
Full Scale Operation of GE BRYAN D. HANSEN, PE, Burns and McDonnell, Kansas City, MO
ABMet Biological
Technology for the
Removal of Selenium from
FGD Wastewaters
Duke Energy Carolina ROBERT WYLIE, RICHARD BAKER, Duke Energy, Charlotte, NC; WILLIAM In developing a flue gas
LLC's Strategy and Initial KENNEDY, Orion Engineering, PLLC, Charlotte, NC; MICHAEL RIFFE, BRIAN desulfurization, FGD, retrofit
Experience of FGD Waste HEIMBIGNER, Siemens Water Technologies Corp, Warrendale, PA; TIMOTHY program for its stations, Duke
Water Treatment Systems PICKETT, GE Water Process & Technologies, Salt Lake City, UT Energy Carolinas desired
standardization in both the FGD
and associated waste water
treatment systems. The
standardization process for the
FGD systems has been presented
earlier for Marshall, Belews Creek,
Allen and Cliffside stations. This
paper presents an assessment of
the waste water treatment
systems, WWTS, at each station in
terms of the FGD purge
Page 1175 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Flue gas desulfurization, FGD, waste water treatment,

http://www.eswp.com
WWTS, wastewater disposal, physical-chemical treatment,
biological treatment, heavy metals, mercury, selenium
rder_form.html
Page 1176 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-33 Paper
Page 1177 of 5199 01/27/2018

characteristics, the effluent
discharge requirements, overall
treatment strategy and system
designs employed.
Physical/chemical,
anoxic/anaerobic activated carbon-
based biological, and constructed
wetlands processes were used in
varying combinations for the four
stations.
Duke Energy Carolina DIANE R. MARTINI, Sargent & Lundy, LLC, Chicago, IL
LLC's Strategy and Initial
Experience of FGD Waste
Water Treatment Systems
ZLD Systems Installed for M. N. RAO, Aquatech International Corporation, Canonsburg, PA; SERGIO Zero liquid discharge, ZLD,
ENEL Power Plants in Italy DONADONO, ENEL, Milano, Italy systems were installed to treat flue
gas desulfurization, FGD, waste
water from five coal-fired power
projects for ENEL (Ente Nazionale
Energia Elettrica) in Italy. Each
plant receives a wide variety of
coal that throws challenges in the
treatment of this wastewater,
including high concentrations of
suspended solids, dissolved ionic
impurities e.g. calcium,
magnesium, sulfate, heavy metals
Page 1178 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Flue gas Desulfurization (FGD), Zero Liquid Discharge

http://www.eswp.com
(ZLD), Brine concentrator (BC), Forced Circulation
Crystallizer (FCC), Wastewater Treatment, Falling film
rder_form.html
Evaporator, Clarifier, Softening, Scrubber, Blow-down.
Page 1179 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-34 Report
Page 1180 of 5199 01/27/2018

and chloride ions with large
fluctuations in the blowdown
quantity and quality. The FGD
waste stream has a softening
pretreatment step before it is
routed into the ZLD systems. This
paper discusses design
considerations and concept
applied and compares the initial
operational data from the plants
commissioned.
ZLD Systems Installed for MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation, Overland Park, KS
ENEL Power Plants in Italy
Resin Cleaning of SAC CLAUDE GAUTHIER, P.Eng., The Purolite Company, Burlington, ON, Canada; This progress report discusses the
and WAC Resins in SAGD KEVIN DEPNER, P.Eng., EnCana Foster Creek, Bonnyville AB, Canada; many challenges and operating
- Enhanced Oil Recovery MICHAEL MAYNE, BS, ChE, IX Services, Mimbres, NM experience for a Steam Assisted
(EOR) Applications Gravity Drain, SAGD, Enhanced
Oil Recovery, EOR, facility for
maintaining the ion exchange
resins in a clean efficient operating
state. Numerous resin analysis
and diagnostic interpretation of
results are discussed. Practical
experience and additional new
resin cleaning procedures are
presented. A unique patented
Page 1181 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
SAGD, EOR, WAC – Weak Acid Cation Resin, SAC-
http://www.eswp.com
Strong Acid Cation resin, resin fouling, resin cleaning
rder_form.html
Page 1182 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-35 Paper
Page 1183 of 5199 01/27/2018

presented. A unique patented
external resin cleaning system was
piloted to clean severely fouled
SAC resin from brackish and
produced water applications. This
progress report will be of value to
operators in charge of existing
systems and to process design
engineers for design of new
systems.
Profiling and Minimization MELONIE M. MYSZCZYSZYN, Canadian Natural Resources Ltd., GUY J. Conductivity Analyzers have been
of WAC and SAC MOMMAERTS, P. Eng., Ion Exchange Services (Canada) Inc., Elmira, ON, successfully utilized to capture low
Regenerant Waste Canada conductivity waters below 30
through Conductivity mS/cm during entire produced
Recycling water weak acid cation, WAC, and
fresh/brackish water strong acid
cation, SAC, regeneration
sequence (including acid/caustic
and brine regeneration steps).
Implementation of this recycling
based on conductivity has resulted
in more than 40% of the
regeneration waste being
recaptured.
Profiling and Minimization SCOTT L. MUSSBACHER, Vista Projects, LTD, Calgary, AB, Canada;
of WAC and SAC CAROLINE WILSON MUSSBACHER, P.Eng., EnCana Corporation, Calgary,
Regenerant Waste Alberta, Canada
Page 1184 of 5199 01/27/2018

WAC, SAC, Regeneration, Waste Reclaim

http://www.eswp.com
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None
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 1185 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-36 Paper
IWC-08-37 Report
Page 1186 of 5199 01/27/2018

through Conductivity
Recycling
Alkalinity. The Joker in the MICHAEL K. BRIDLE, Mibricon Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada Brackish waters are being used
Pack instead of fresh water sources to
supplement boiler feed-water
requirements for Once Through
Steam Generators, OTSG, in the
thermal heavy oil industry. The
brackish waters typically have high
alkalinity concentrations and the
failure to reduce the alkalinity
concentration to an appropriate
value when steam separators are
used can lead to acidic corrosion
in the steam distribution piping.
Alkalinity. The Joker in the JOE BODEUX, Imperial Oil Resources, Bonnyville, AB, Canada
Pack
Treatment of Coal Bed MICHAEL SHEEDY, PAUL ROBINSON, Eco-Tec Inc., Pickering, ON The water produced during the
Methane Produced Water recovery of natural gas from coal
Using Short Bed Ion beds, coal bed methane - CBM, is
Exchange often a major problem in
developing this resource. A pilot
study of a short bed ion exchange
process treating CBM produced
water is presented. The paper will
discuss background issues related
Page 1187 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Alkalinity; Boiler Feed-water; Brackish Water; Drum Boilers;

http://www.eswp.com
Heavy Oil; Produced Water; Once Through Steam
Generators; Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage; Steam
rder_form.html
Separators.
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
ion exchange, coal bed methane, produced water
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 1188 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-38 Report
Page 1189 of 5199 01/27/2018

discuss background issues related
to CBM produced water, alternate
treatment methods, short bed
technology, pilot plant test data,
and design of a full scale system.
Unique Cooling Water CHRIS FRIESEN, P.Eng., NOVA Chemicals Corporation, Red Deer, AB, Canada In the past, cooling water
Exchanger Inspection exchanger inspections in large,
Technique industrial applications have been
very subjective and inconsistent.
Photographs of inspections only
provide an insight into the
condition of the heads and / or
tubesheets. In an effort to provide
a more consistent analysis of
cooling water tube conditions, a
unique procedure has been
developed to determine a Tube
Obstruction Index, TOI, of each
inspected tube-side cooling water
bundle. The TOI will provide an
empirical value of the average
deposition (both scaling and
fouling material) as
mg/sq.cm/month in a given service
time. and cooling water program
efficiencies from shutdown to
shutdown.
Page 1190 of 5199 01/27/2018

cooling water exchanger, tubesheets, Tube Obstruction

http://www.eswp.com
Index, inlet and outlet passes, scale, fouling, corrosion,
scoopula, deposit bag
rder_form.html
Page 1191 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-40~15
IWC-40~2
IWC-08-39 Paper
Page 1192 of 5199 01/27/2018

Unique Cooling Water PAUL PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Arvada, CO
Exchanger Inspection
Technique
Removal of Silica From Betz, L. D.

Water by Adsorption
First Year's Work of the Tisdale, E. S.
Ohio River Pollution
Survey
A New Aid for Managing CHARLES ASCOLESE, GE Water & Process Technologies, Port Matilda, PA For various reasons, adequate
Biofouling in Cooling control of biofouling in cooling
Systems systems is not always realized
when using biocides alone.
Historically, so-called
“biodispersants” have been used in
conjunction with registered and
approved cooling water biocides to
enhance biological control. Biofilm
formation and the impact of
biofouling on cooling systems are
reviewed. Development of a new,
highly effective, non-foaming
cleaner for biofouled surfaces is
discussed. Laboratory screening
studies used in the evaluation of
candidate compounds are
described. Performance of the new
product during field trials in cooling
Page 1193 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Biodispersant, Biofilm, Sessile, Planktonic, Sulfate

http://www.eswp.com
Reducing Bacteria, SRB, Biocide, Nonoxidizer, Oxidizer,
Cooling water, Open evaporative cooling systems, Closed
rder_form.html
cooling systems
Page 1194 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-40 Paper
IWC-08-41 Paper
Page 1195 of 5199 01/27/2018

product during field trials in cooling
systems is summarized.
A New Aid for Managing CHARLES ASCOLESE, GE Water & Process Technologies, Port Matilda, PA
Biofouling in Cooling
Systems
A New Aid for Managing ANDREW J. COOPER, Ph.D., Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Biofouling in Cooling
Systems
Solid Chemical Programs STEVEN M. BILEK, NATHANIEL T. GREENE, BARBARA E. MORIARTY, This paper will discuss new solid
for Scale and Corrosion ROBERT S. WALICKI, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL programs for scale and corrosion
Control in Cooling Water control in open-recirculating
Systems: Delivering cooling water systems in place of
Sustainable Development the more traditional liquids. These
solid programs can contribute to
sustainable development, and
minimize safety concerns, while
delivering the same performance
as liquid analogs. The necessary
new feed system will also be
discussed.
Solid Chemical Programs J. C. DROMGOOLE, Fortbend Services, Inc., Stafford, TX
for Scale and Corrosion
Control in Cooling Water
Systems: Delivering
Sustainable Development
Cooling Water Hardness ALAN M. YEOMAN, CHEMICO International, Inc., Duluth, GA; SAM R. Hardness, chlorides and silica
Page 1196 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Cooling, Water, Solid, Sustainable, PSO
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Cooling Towers, Water Conservation, Zero Blowdown,

http://www.eswp.com
Page 1197 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-42 Paper
Page 1198 of 5199 01/27/2018

and Chloride Reduction (A OWENS, CHEMICO International, Inc., Corpus Christi, TX reduction as a concentrated fluid is
Novel Chemical economical using a patented
Treatment) nontraditional chemical
processbased on a organic chelate
driven side stream process that
can achieve high cycles of
concentration while maintaining
scale and corrosion protection.
Chlorides are removed by
increasing carrier chemical dosage
and adding a modified chlorine
generator. Filters can be used to
achieve zero discharge. Minimal
training is required for experienced
water technologist.
Cooling Water Hardness AKLIMA HOSSAIN, PE, HDR|Cummins and Barnard, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI
and Chloride Reduction (A
Novel Chemical
Treatment)
Dual Functionality Acrylic CHRISTIAN BEAULE, The Purolite Company, Paris, ON, Canada; DAVID Interquisa Canada requires very
Anion Resin in a BOULANGER, Interquisa Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada high purity demineralised water for
Demineraliser System - A its manufacturing processes. The
Case Study at Interquisa packed beds with styrenic strong
Canada base anion resin, followed by a
mixed bed demineraliser were
exceeding the
Dual Functionality Acrylic TOM SCHENDEL, Mechanical Engineering Company, Inc., Houston, TX
Page 1199 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chloride Reduction, Hardness Removal, Silica Reduction
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Dual-functionality, strong base anion, acrylic resin, TOC,

http://www.eswp.com
organics, WBA, SBA, resin fouling, high purity
demineralised water
rder_form.html
None
Page 1200 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-43 Paper
Page 1201 of 5199 01/27/2018

Anion Resin in a
Demineraliser System - A
Case Study at Interquisa
Canada
Ion Exchange Applications MICHAEL GOTTLIEB, ResinTech, Inc., West Berlin, NJ Simulation technology can replace
of Simulation Technology physical pilot plant studies
providing data in minutes that
might otherwise take years. It can
simulate cocurrent, countercurrent
and homogenized bed
regeneration techniques for as
many cycles as desired. It can
show chromatographic peaking for
multiple ions simultaneously. It can
predict complex changes in
operating systems when inlet
water compositions change, such
as in switching supply sources on
operating systems. Models of ion
exchange systems can be used as
a tool in the process design of an
ion exchange system and as a
troubleshooting tool to examine
behavior of systems already in
operation.
Ion Exchange Applications MICHAEL GOTTLIEB, ResinTech, Inc., West Berlin, NJ
of Simulation Technology
Page 1202 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Trace Contaminants, Resin Performance Estimation,

http://www.eswp.com
Simulation Technology
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
Page 1203 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-43D Prepared Discussion Powerpoint
IWC-40~3
IWC-40~4
IWC-08-44 Paper
Page 1204 of 5199 01/27/2018

Ion Exchange Applications KYLE SMITH, JIM SUMMERFIELD, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI
of Simulation Technology
Investigations of Spent Hodge, W. W., Hoak, Richard D.

Pickling Wastes, Their
Treatment and Possible
Utilization.
Water Quality Control by Rait, D. D.
Operation.
Squeezing a Few More PETER MEYERS, ResinTech, Inc., West Berlin, NJ The packed bed demineralizers at
Years of Life from a 30+ one of the larger phosphate mines
Year Old Packed Bed in Bartow, Florida have been in
Demineralizer continuous operation for some 35
years now. Although the units have
provided billions and billions of
gallons of deionized water over the
years, their operation has been a
challenge. The original internal
distribution system design has
been the source of many problems
over the years, from resin leakage,
to structural failures, to flow
restrictions caused by resin fines.
Page 1205 of 5199 01/27/2018

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None
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Packed Bed Demineralizers, Upflow Service, Systems

http://www.eswp.com
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Page 1206 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-45 Paper
Page 1207 of 5199 01/27/2018

Controls and instrumentation have
long since been converted from
electromechanical type to PLC, but
the basic hardware is still the
original equipment from the 70’s.
This report chronicles the
operation and maintenance of this
aging demineralizer.
Squeezing a Few More JAMES D. SHIVERS, Ion Exchange LLC, Glendora, CA
Years of Life from a 30+
Year Old Packed Bed
Demineralizer
Innovations in Ion- DAVID KRATOCHVIL, BRAD MARCHANT, MICHAEL BRATTY, RICK Many jurisdictions around the
Exchange Technology for LAWRENCE, BioteQ Environmental Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada world are imposing tighter
the Removal of Sulphate regulations for sulfate discharge,
rquiring environmental compliance
in industries like mining, metal
processing, pulp and paper,
sewage treatment, and chemical
manufacturing. Technologies to
treat sulfate include reverse
osmosis, processes based on
ettringite formation, biological
sulfate reduction and precipitation
with barium. A new ion-exchange
technologyhas been developed
which produces clean partially de-
Page 1208 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
sulfate, ion exchange, total dissolved solids (TDS), de-

http://www.eswp.com
mineralization, reverse osmosis, ettringite, biological sulfate
reduction, precipitation, gypsum.
rder_form.html
Page 1209 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-46 Paper
Page 1210 of 5199 01/27/2018

mineralized water that meets new
sulfate regulation and a saleable
gypsum product. This paper
provides two case study examples
of commercial application.
Innovations in Ion- PARAG DEVAL, Thermax Limited, Novi, MI,
Exchange Technology for
the Removal of Sulphate
Comparing Conventional PAUL CHOULES, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies, Houston, TX This paper describes a
and Membrane Pre- comprehensive approach to
Treatment on Seawater characterize raw seawater
Osmosis Desalination samples as well as the
Plants performance of seawater
pretreatment processes at various
seawater reverse osmosis plants
worldwide. Case studies include
plants with conventional pre-
treatment, plants with membrane
pretreatment and one with a
combination of both (hybrid pre-
treatment).
Comparing Conventional MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation, Overland Park, KS
and Membrane Pre-
Treatment on Seawater
Osmosis Desalination
Plants
Page 1211 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Desalination, Seawater Reverse Osmosis
http://www.eswp.com
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None
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 1212 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-47 Paper
Page 1213 of 5199 01/27/2018

Ultra Filtration Improves VENKAT JAGANNATHAN, Aquatech International Corporation, Canonsburg, PA; A power plant in USA with zero
Performance of RO Unit RAMIRO RIVERA, CARLOS ALEQUIN, AES Puerto Rico, L.P, Guayama, PR liquid dicharge, ZLD, operation
Treating Cooling Tower uses treated city waste water /
Blow Down in a Zero canal water (75% / 25%) for
Liquid Discharge (ZLD) cooling makeup. The cooling tower
Plant blow down is softened by a side
stream softening clarifier. A portion
of the softened water is further
filtered through a gravity sand
followed by a multimedia and
green sand filters. The filtered
water is then treated through a 300
gpm reverse osmosis, RO, system
which has never operated at the
design recovery, and has rapidly
fouled requiring chemical cleaning
every week, membranes
replacement every 3 to 4 months,
and increased RO reject volume.
An ultrafiltration pretreatment pilot
study was done to improve the RO
performance.
Ultra Filtration Improves VENKAT JAGANNATHAN, Aquatech International Corporation, Canonsburg, PA;
Performance of RO Unit RAMIRO RIVERA, CARLOS ALEQUIN, AES Puerto Rico, L.P, Guayama, PR
Treating Cooling Tower
Blow Down in a Zero
Page 1214 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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Page 1215 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-48 Paper
IWC-08-49 Paper
Page 1216 of 5199 01/27/2018

Plant
Ultra Filtration Improves CRAIG COCKERHAM, Fluor Corporation, Sugar Land, TX

Performance of RO Unit
Treating Cooling Tower
Blow Down in a Zero
Plant
Auditing a Reverse JANE KUCERA, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL Audits of industrial systems, such
Osmosis System as cooling systems, have been a
common practice for years. These
audits are used to assist in
determining the condition of the
system. Audits can identify
problems with a system as well as
point out weak areas where
changes, such as up-grading
equipment or operations, would
improve performance. This paper
describes how to audit a reverse
osmosis, RO, system.
Auditing a Reverse SCOTT BEARDSLEY, The Dow Chemical Company, Minneapolis, MN
Osmosis System
Puckorius Scaling Index DAVID ALLEY, Clearwater Systems, Essex, CT; PAUL PUCKORIUS, Puckorius The Puckorius Scaling Index, PSI,
as Applied to Dolphin & Associates Inc., Arvada, CO has been applied to both makeup
(Pulsed Power) Non- and circulating water in
Page 1217 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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System Audit, Reverse osmosis

http://www.eswp.com
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None
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Non Chemical Water Treatment, Pulsed Power Water
http://www.eswp.com
Treatment, Puckorius Scaling Index
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Page 1218 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-50 Paper
Page 1219 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemical Water Treatment evaporative cooling systems
undergoing a non-chemical water
treatment water treatment. When
the pulsed electromagnetic field
water treatment was employed, the
neutral point (scaling vs.
dissolving) of the PSI was found to
shift from 6.0 to 6.3. This shift is
attributed to improved kinetics of
calcium carbonate precipitation
resulting. Reference to the PSI as
PSID will prevent confusion
regarding the neutral point of the
PSI scale. Kinetic limitations to the
use of the non-chemical water
treatment are explored.
Defining Green JAMES GREEN, Heisler Green, Downers Grove, IL The term “green” has become a
Technology in Water buzzword in society which many
Treatment for Cooling companies are using to achieve
Water Systems maximum marketability and
profitability on products that could
never be considered “green.” They
are simply attaching this label to
current, outdated technology. This
paper will examine the current
possibilities for defining “green” as
it applies to water treatment and
Page 1220 of 5199 01/27/2018

Green, Green Chemistry, Standards, GSR, Sustainable

http://www.eswp.com
Development, USGBC, Energy Star, LEED, OECD,
environment
rder_form.html
Page 1221 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-51 Paper
Page 1222 of 5199 01/27/2018

offer a beginning framework for
measureable and attainable
“green” standards and certification.
Defining Green TIMOTHY EGGERT, GE Water & Process Technologies, Seal Beach, CA
Technology in Water
Treatment for Cooling
Water Systems
Utilization of Salt Water as NATASHA JONES, LUC DE BACKER, PhD, Bechtel Power Corporation, Due to the limited availability of
the Source for Make-Up Frederick, MD water for today’s power plants, it is
Water in Wet Cooling becoming more and_x000D_
Towers more common to use salt water as
the source of make-up for the
circulating cooling water system for
power plant sites that are located
near the sea. A closed cooling
system utilizing a wet cooling
tower can perform adequately with
salt water. This paper discusses
tower design characteristics and
material selections that will
accommodate the use of salt
water, which can impact the
thermal performance of a cooling
tower which can be compensated
with an increase in tower size or
fan motor power consumption.
Cooling tower drift is a source of
Page 1223 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Salt water cooling tower, seawater, drift, PM, PM-10, cycles

http://www.eswp.com
of concentration, SACTI, emission, TDS, TSS, once-
through cooling, , fouling, scaling, corrosion, fill, drift
rder_form.html
eliminators
Page 1224 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-52 Paper
Page 1225 of 5199 01/27/2018

emission which can affect
downwind vegetation and
structures. Some models that
predict plume and drift will be
discussed – the Seasonal/Annual
Cooling Tower Impact, SACTI,
model.
Utilization of Salt Water as RAYMOND M. POST, PE, ChemTreat, Inc., Glen Allen, VA
the Source for Make-Up
Water in Wet Cooling
Towers
A New Framework for the DONALD A. JOHNSON, Nalco Corporation, Naperville, IL; G. S. TOWNSEND, Open recirculating cooling towers
Management of Cooling Nalco Corporation, Northwich, are inherently highly variable
System Dynamics systems. What may appear to be
constant operation is actually a
kinetic steady-state interaction of
many time dependent_x000D_
processes. Any change in these
processes can upset the steady-
state condition, causing what are
commonly known as system
upsets. These upsets can
seriously compromise the
efficiency of operation and the
integrity of the asset. In this paper,
the causes and consequences of
system variability are examined.
Page 1226 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Cooling Tower, Control System, Variability, Simulation,

http://www.eswp.com
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Page 1227 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-53 Paper
Page 1228 of 5199 01/27/2018

The limitations of the established
calculation methods for tower
performance characterization are
enumerated. Two new frameworks
are presented, a first-principles
model-based simulation and a
Monte Carlo method. Which
together examine system
variability and control system
effectiveness, and the projected
impact of system variability upon
performance metrics. An example
of the use of an adaptive control
framework to achieve effective
response to system upsets is
presented.
A New Framework for the KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Corporation, Frederick, MD
Management of Cooling
System Dynamics
Design & Construction of a HENRY C. HUNT, Ranney Collector Wells, Columbus, OH The cooling water supply for a new
Riverbank Filtration integrated gasification combined
Cooling Water Supply for cycle Duke Energy power plant
an IGCC Station planned for Edwardsport, Indiana
will be developed using riverbank
filtration technology to provide a
source of cooling water of up to
10,000 gallons per minute (gpm)
Page 1229 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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Page 1230 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-54 Report
Page 1231 of 5199 01/27/2018

10,000 gallons per minute (gpm)
on a sustained basis. The river
intake utilized at the site of the
existing power plant reportedly
experienced recurring operational
problems which directed the
evaluation process toward a new
wellfield This paper will discuss the
procedures and results of the
hydrogeological investigation, the
well design process and the
construction procedures used to
build the two collector wells.
Design & Construction of a COLLEEN M. LAYMAN, PE, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
Riverbank Filtration
Cooling Water Supply for
an IGCC Station
Innovations in Produced DOROTHY NEU,, PE, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies, Pewaukee, WI; Developments are taking place in
Water Treatment for KEITH MINNICH, PE, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies, Calgary, AB, every phase of produced water
SAGD Canada, MARK NICHOLSON, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies, treatment. Process and equipment
Pewaukee innovations are being explored for
oil removal, evaporation, and
steam production with the intent of
increasing overall process
efficiency to provide the highest
quality output for oil and water in
steam assisted gravity drainage,
Page 1232 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Produced Water, SAGD, Enhanced Oil Recovery,

http://www.eswp.com
Evaporation, Oil Removal, Silica Removal, Boiler, Once
Through Steam Generator, Oil Sands, Ceramic
rder_form.html
Membranes, Carbon Emissions, Green House Gases
Page 1233 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-40~5
IWC-40~6
IWC-40~7
IWC-08-55 Paper
Page 1234 of 5199 01/27/2018

SAGD, applications. These
innovations will also go a long way
toward reducing the carbon
footprint of the water recovery
process. The following discussion
presents the progress of these
efforts and explains how
improvements to each phase of
produced water treatment will
simplify the operation of each
downstream system.
Description, Design & Boehner, H. W.
Operation of the Spaulding
Precipitator
Description, Design & McBride, G. A.
Operation of the Accelator.
Design, Description & Tolman, S. T.
Operation of the
Flocculators
Technical Advancements WILLIAM HEINS, GE Water & Process Technologies, Bellevue, WA There has been a shift away from
in SAGD Evaporative the use of warm lime softening and
Produced Water weak acid cation ion_x000D_
Treatment exchange for produced water
treatment to the use of mechanical
vapor compression, MVC,
evaporation followed by high
pressure drum-type boilers. About
Page 1235 of 5199 01/27/2018

Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD, Evaporator, Crystallizer,

http://www.eswp.com
SAGD, Produced Water
rder_form.html
Page 1236 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1237 of 5199 01/27/2018

18 steam assisted gravity
drainage, SAGD, produced water
evaporators are operating or are in
various stages of construction in
Alberta and overseas. Since the
commissioning of the first such
evaporators in 2002, many
technical advancements have
occurred which have resulted in
reduced operating costs, improved
reliability, reduced scaling and
fouling potential, improved distillate
quality and improved boiler feed
quality for steam generation. This
paper provides details of the
technical advancements in
evaporative produced water
treatment based on full scale
operating data and lessons
learned. It also presents improved
evaporator configurations,
discusses_x000D_
improvements in contaminant
reduction and scale prevention
systems, demonstrates how capital
and operating costs can be
drastically reduced as compared to
Page 1238 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1239 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-56 Paper
Page 1240 of 5199 01/27/2018

earlier evaporator system designs,
and provides recent advancements
in modularization, evaporator
disposal treatment, deoiling,
membrane preconcentration, and
zero discharge solids drying
techniques.
Technical Advancements JASBIR S. GILL, PhD. Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
in SAGD Evaporative
Produced Water
Treatment
An Innovative Approach RAFIQUE JANJUA, PE, Fluor Daniel Corporation., Sugar Land, TX Steam assisted gravity drainage,
for Processing “SAGD” SAGD, produced water contains
Produced Water dissolved and suspended solids
with heavy emulsion of oil and
colloidal clays and silica.
Treatment consists of removal of
free and floating oil, suspended
solids by skim tanks, multi-stage
filtration, lime softening, pH
adjustment, filtration and sodium
cycle weak acid cation softening.
Reverse Osmosis can be used to
further reduce the total dissolved
solids,TDS, for high pressure
boilers makeup. The new
approach includes emulsion
Page 1241 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Produced water; Steam Assisted Gravity Drain (SAGD);

http://www.eswp.com
Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS); Oil Water Separation;
Warm Lime Softening; Hardness Removal; Silica Removal;
rder_form.html
Filtration; Primary & Secondary Weak Acid Cation; Once
Through Steam Generator (OTSG)
Page 1242 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-57 Paper
IWC-08-58 Report
Page 1243 of 5199 01/27/2018

breaking, skimming off oily
precipitate and colloids, filtration,
no lime softening. Three stage
centrifuge(s) will recover oil, water
and solids from the precipitate for
land fill disposal
An Innovative Approach PETER MIDGLEY, Christ Water Technology Americas, LLC, New Britain, CT
for Processing “SAGD”
Produced Water
Unique Wastewater TRACY BARKER, JIM BRAUN, AVANTech, Inc., Columbia, SC

Processing Application at
River Bend Nuclear
Station
Wastewater Treatment THOMAS LAWRY, HDR Engineering, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA This presentation describes the
Challenges from an challenges faced by a 110 million
Ethanol Plant Recycle gallon per year ethanol plant that
System utilizes groundwater with fluoride
contamination as source water.
This plant discharges the
blowdown to a nearby stream and
was granted an NPDES permit
with low permissible fluoride levels.
To meet the strict discharge limits,
a fluoride treatment system was
installed to treat the reverse
osmosis, RO, reject stream. The
reject stream is pH adjusted before
Page 1244 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
Fluoride removal, Ethanol recycle system, Activated

http://www.eswp.com
alumina
rder_form.html
Page 1245 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-59 Report
Page 1246 of 5199 01/27/2018

reject stream is pH adjusted before
passing through activated alumina,
AA, filters and combined with the
other blowdown streams in an
equalization pond prior to
discharging through the outfall.
The wastewater produced during
AA filter and is treated with a more
conventional calcium fluoride
precipitation system prior to
discharge.
Sustainable Wastewater PRIT KOTECHA, Suncor Energy Inc., Fort McMurray, AB, Canada At Suncor Energy Oil Sands
Reuse – Water Quality (Suncor) fresh water is withdrawn
Modeling for Near ZLD from the Athabasca River. Most of
this water is returned to the river
after once through use and
cleaning in wastewater ponds. To
reduce overall fresh water usage,
a sustainable wastewater reuse
strategy was developed. Instead of
the conventional approach to zero
liquid discharge, ZLD, a pollution
prevention approach quantified
the major wastewater flows and
quality, and reduced wastewater
generation. A water quality model
evaluated the impact of recycling
Page 1247 of 5199 01/27/2018

Wastewater, ZLD, Reuse, Recycle, Cooling Water,

http://www.eswp.com
Upgrading, Ion Exchange, Zeolite Softeners, Water quality
modeling
rder_form.html
Page 1248 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-60 Report
Page 1249 of 5199 01/27/2018

wastewater to the cooling water
pond, CWP, and identified
alternatives to ZLD technology -
managing the high hardness water
streams separately from the main
wastewater flow.
Water Conservation at NAOMI LEVY, Infilco Degremont Technologies, Richmond, VA This presentation will describe a
Lindsay Olive Growers case study on how a Water
Reclamation Task Force at
Lindsay Olive Growers in
California was able to implement
successfully water conservation
ideas. The Task Force was able to
accomplish approximately 40%
reduction of fresh water usage and
more than 95% removal of chloride
from the plant effluent. The plant
decreased its daily water
consumption from about 800,000
gallons during peak season at
12,000 mg/L chloride
concentration down to about
500,000 gallons at 500 mg/L
chlorides. This work was
accomplished within 4 years, from
1987 to 1991.
The Impact of Feedwater MEL J. ESMACHER, PE., GE Water & Process Technologies, The Woodlands, During boiler operation, the
Page 1250 of 5199 01/27/2018

Industrial Water conservation, Water minimization, Pit

http://www.eswp.com
separation Bath, Black Ripe Olive.
rder_form.html
Boiler feedwater contamination, condensate return, deposit

http://www.eswp.com
Page 1251 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-61 Paper
Page 1252 of 5199 01/27/2018

and Condensate Return TX; ANTHONY ROSSI, GE Water & Process Technologies, Trevose, PA transport of contaminants in boiler
Excursions on Boiler feedwater or condensate return,
System Component via hardness excursions or
Failures transport of metal oxides due to
corrosion, can cause fouling and
subsequent tube failure due to
under-deposit corrosion or
overheating. Case histories will be
reviewed and suitable corrective
actions discussed.
Challenges in Meeting CHRISTOPHER HUTH, COLLEEN LAYMAN, KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Power This paper discusses challenges to
Condensate, Feedwater, Corp., Frederick, MD chemistry control for heat recovery
and Steam/Water Quality steam generators, HRSGs, with
Limits during Startup and multiple pressure drums during
Commissioning of Multi startup and commissioning and
Pressure Combined Cycle normal operation. The current
Power Plants - EPC EPRI chemistry guidelines for
Perspective combined cycle, CC, plants include
requirements for All-Volatile
Treatment, AVT, Phosphate
Continuum, PC, and Oxygenated
Treatments, OT, covering normal
plant operation or plant shutdown
and startup, but do not specify
limits or procedures for the
commissioning and plant startup
process. Also discussed are
Page 1253 of 5199 01/27/2018

analysis, boiler tube failure analysis, overheating, under-
http://www.eswp.com
deposit corrosion, hydrogen damage
rder_form.html
Combined Cycle, CC, startup, commissioning, EPRI

http://www.eswp.com
Guidelines, HRSG, EPC, PC, AVT, EPT, OT, HP, IP, LP,
oxygen control, pH, cation conductivity, steam purity,
rder_form.html
chemical cleaning, ACC, EPC, EPRI, ASME, superheated
steam, reheat, condensate polisher
Page 1254 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-61D1 Prepared Discussion
Page 1255 of 5199 01/27/2018

solutions to volatility of salts in the
steam, phosphate hide-out,
corrosion, phosphate treatment,
and deposition. The startup
chemistry achieved will be
compared with EPRI Guidelines,
and recommended startup
chemistry limits.
Challenges in Meeting CHRISTOPHER HUTH, COLLEEN LAYMAN, KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Power
Condensate, Feedwater, Corp., Frederick, MD
and Steam/Water Quality
Limits during Startup and
Commissioning of Multi
Pressure Combined Cycle
Power Plants - EPC
Perspective
Challenges in Meeting WILLIAM E. MOORE, Fluor Enterprises, Inc., Sugar Land, TX;
Condensate, Feedwater,
Power Plants - EPC
Perspective
Challenges in Meeting JOSEPH E. SCHROEDER, Nooter/Eriksen St. Louis, MO.
Condensate, Feedwater,
Page 1256 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 1257 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-63 Report
Page 1258 of 5199 01/27/2018

Power Plants - EPC
Perspective
Challenges in Meeting ROBERT D. BARTHOLOMEW, Sheppard T. Powell Associates, LLC, Baltimore,
Condensate, Feedwater, MD
Power Plants - EPC
Perspective
Oil / Water Separation TYSON GOLLAHER, PE. WesTech Engineering, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT; RICK The American Petroleum Institute,
Techniques Applied to SZILAGYI, WesTech Engineering, Inc., Chicago, IL, JIM WOODS, WesTech API Publication 421, has been the
Circular Designs Engineering, Inc, Salt Lake City standard in gravity oil / water
separation since its loose
beginnings in 1948. These specific
standards were developed and
widely accepted for the design of
rectangular oil / water separation
units. Developments of other
separation technologies offer the
opportunity of improved
efficiencies and performance. This
paper will discuss the separation
principles compiled in API 421 for
Page 1259 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Circular, oil / water separation, Stoke’s Law, gravity

http://www.eswp.com
separation, energy dissipation, feedwell, hydraulic
detention time, clarification, refinery wastewater treatment
rder_form.html
systems
Page 1260 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-64 Paper
Page 1261 of 5199 01/27/2018

rectangular separators and
investigate their relevance to the
latest state-of-the-art circular
design
Tank Internal Floating MICHAEL J. DOXEY, PE, HMT Inc., Tomball, TX Wastewater conveyance system
Roofs, Description and consisting of manholes and lift
Selection Guidelines station sumps, surge and
equalization tanks, slop oil tanks,
API Separators, Dissolved
Nitrogen Flotation Units Aeration
Tanks, Clarifiers, Thickeners and
Sludge Holding Tanks are major
sources of emissions in refinery
wastewater treatment plants. In
today’s increasing regulatory
environment, coupled with high
demand for storage space, it is
becoming more important than
ever for owners and operators of
these facilities to utilize emission
control technologies that are easily
maintained, economical, and
durable, while optimizing emission
control from the tanks and/or
sumps. This paper presents
various technologies available to
owners, designers, and operators
Page 1262 of 5199 01/27/2018

Refinery, wastewater, volatile organic compounds,

http://www.eswp.com
emissions, odor, tanks, floating roofs, internal
rder_form.html
Page 1263 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-65 Report
Page 1264 of 5199 01/27/2018

for internal floating roofs. An
internal floating roof is the most
effective means of controlling
emissions from tanks utilized in the
refinery wastewater treatment
plants. There are a number of
types available on the market,
each with certain advantages and
disadvantages. Some of these
technologies have been around for
many years, and some are very
new to the market. This will be an
examination of each of the types
of_x000D_
floating roofs available, and will
compare the predicted emission
savings from each type, as well as
other factors such as longevity, fire
resistance, and maintenance
requirements..
Tank Internal Floating DON VACKER, Bechtel Corporation, Houston, TX
Roofs, Description and
Selection Guidelines
Integrated Fixed-Film/ CASEY MUELLER, RUSS GRILLO Frontier Refining, Inc., Cheyenne, WY; Integrated Fixed-Film/Activated
Activated Sludge (IFAS) RAMESH KALLURI, Kalluri Group, Inc., Houston, TX ; SARAH HUBBELL,, Sludge, IFAS, technology (Hybrid
for Refinery and WAYNE FLOURNOY, Entex Technologies, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC system) is an innovative and
Petrochemical Wastewater efficient treatment process for
Page 1265 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Refinery, IFAS, Ammonia, Nitrogen, Industrial, Biological,
http://www.eswp.com
Support Media
rder_form.html
Page 1266 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-40~8
IWC-08-66 Paper
Page 1267 of 5199 01/27/2018

Petrochemical Wastewater efficient treatment process for
Treatment Plant Upgrades achieving nitrification in refining
and petro-chemical wastewater
treatment plants, combining the
benefits of stable fixed film
systems into the suspended
growth activated sludge process
by placing fixed film media into the
activated sludge aeration tanks.
application of IFAS process at
three different refining and petro-
chemical wastewater treatment
plants. At all of the applications,
IFAS technology has provided
consistently superior treatment
efficiency than a conventional
activated sludge treatment
process.
Morse Filter Plant at the Campbell, John T.
Irvin Works of the
Carnegie-Illinois Steel
Corporation
Evaluating Impacts of FRANK J. CASTALDI, Brown and Caldwell, Austin, TX; JEFF ALLEN, P.E., The impacts of fluid catalytic
FCCU Scrubber Purge Brown and Caldwell, Saint Paul, MN cracker units, FCCU, wet scrubber
Water Discharges on blowdown on refinery wastewater
Refinery Biological biological treatment are discussed.
Page 1268 of 5199 01/27/2018

Wet Gas Scrubber, Purge Water, Activated Sludge, Sulfite,

http://www.eswp.com
Nitrate, Treatment
rder_form.html
Page 1269 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1270 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment Purge water treatment and
denitrification strategies to mitigate
the impacts of high sulfite and
nitrate loads are described.
Increased effluent suspended
solids caused by floating sludge
from denitrification in the final
clarifier and high dissolved solids
loads on the aeration basin are
evaluated, along with increased
nutrient loads and the potential for
hydrogen sulfide formation in the
clarifiers from high sulfate levels.
The impact of a high monovalent-
to-divalent cation ratio on activated
sludge properties, and high sodium
loads on the clarification and
sludge thickening capacity of the
activated sludge process are
discussed.
Evaluating Impacts of FRANK J. CASTALDI, Brown and Caldwell, Austin, TX; JEFF ALLEN, P.E.,
FCCU Scrubber Purge Brown and Caldwell, Saint Paul, MN
Water Discharges on
Refinery Biological
Treatment
Evaluating Impacts of J. C. DROMGOOLE, Fortbend Services, Inc., Stafford, TX
FCCU Scrubber Purge
Page 1271 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
http://www.eswp.com
Page 1272 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-67 Paper
Page 1273 of 5199 01/27/2018

Water Discharges on
Refinery Biological
Treatment
Keeping it Green at the CRISTINA DEL PICCOLO, Led Italia srl., Zoppola, PN, Italy; TINA MASTERS The paper presents the method
Landfill - Cogeneration, ODUM, P.E. Crown Solutions, Vandalia, OH used to treat a landfill leachate in a
Evaporation and site north of Paris. The site
Membrane Technology for contains two landfills: an old
the Treatment of Landfill closed one and a new one still in
Leachate operation. Two different types of
treatment have been chosen to
adapt the solution to the specific
characteristics of the two different
leachates. The paper will describe
the dimensioning data, the
performances of the plant and the
results obtained after one year
operation of one installation as
compared to ten other working
plants. In addition, an economical
evaluation of the operative costs is
provided.
Keeping it Green at the BRIAN AYLAIAN, Metcalf & Eddy/AECOM, Laurel, MD
Landfill - Cogeneration,
Evaporation and
Membrane Technology for
the Treatment of Landfill
Leachate
Page 1274 of 5199 01/27/2018

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None
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Page 1275 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-68 Paper
IWC-08-69 Paper
Page 1276 of 5199 01/27/2018

Design Considerations for BRIAN AYLAIAN, HONG YIN, Metcalf & Eddy/AECOM, Laurel, MD This paper presents an overview of
Upgrading POTWs to the challenges encountered by
Treat Power Plant power plant designers and small
Wastewater Discharges publicly owned treatment works,
POTWs, in planning and
designing upgrades or
replacement to effectively treat
industrial waste discharges by
power generation facilities. Power
plant wastewater may contain high
salts, metals, total dissoved salts,
TDS, sulfate, chloride, and other
substances that may exert
toxicity/inhibition to the receiving
POTW microbiology. Power plant
discharges also tend to be highly
variable and often high in flow rate,
which may cause hydraulic shock
to relatively small POTWs.
Design Considerations for CHRISTIAN CABRAL, NA Water Systems, Pittsburgh, PA
Upgrading POTWs to
Treat Power Plant
Wastewater Discharges
Technical Assessment of CHRISTOPHER STACKLIN, PE., JERRY EVANGELISTA, PE., Orange County The Groundwater Replenishment
Water Reuse in Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, CA System is one of the largest water
Consideration of Emerging reuse projects in the United States.
Pollutants The project currently produces 70
Page 1277 of 5199 01/27/2018

Headworks Analysis, Respirometry.
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None
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Groundwater Replenishment System, Risk Assessment,

http://www.eswp.com
Water Reuse, Emerging Pollutants, Fault Tree Analysis,
Probabilistic Risk Assessment, Source Control, Toxicity,
rder_form.html
Stochastic Process, Kalman Filter.
Page 1278 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-03 Paper
Page 1279 of 5199 01/27/2018

million gallons per day, MGD, of
drinking quality water with planning
underway to increase capacity to
100 MGD. This paper discusses
the plant evaluation and
methodology for technical risk
assessment of the integrated
facilities. The methodology
includes development of removal
efficiencies from mass balances,
deterministic and probabilistic
models in consideration of diurnal
effects. Application of the
methodology narrows down the list
of priority pollutants that is
effective and practical for
implementation in a source control
program.
Technical Assessment of CHRISTOPHER STACKLIN, PE., JERRY EVANGELISTA, PE., Orange County
Water Reuse in Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, CA
Consideration of Emerging
Pollutants
Technical Assessment of ALFONSO SALINAS, Crown Solutions, Vandalia, OH
Water Reuse in
Consideration of Emerging
Pollutants
MBBR Technology CHRISTIAN CABRAL, EVA SANTOS, MARK SMOCK, WILLIAM KELLY, N.A. A 30,000-gpd landfill leachate
Page 1280 of 5199 01/27/2018

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rder_form.html
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Biofilm, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor, Biological Treatment,
Page 1281 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-70 Paper
Page 1282 of 5199 01/27/2018

Provides Easy Upgrade for Water Systems, a Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Company, Vandalia, treatment system could not
Mature Landfill Treatment OH consistently meet its NPDES
Systems permit limits for ammonia, even
though its hydraulic capacity was
adequate for the volume of
leachate generated. This paper
presents the results of retrofitting
the facility with Moving Bed Biofilm
Reactor, MBBR, technology. By
converting an existing biotower
into an MBBR reactor, the plant
began to achieve over 99.9% NH3-
N removal. The upgraded system
has been operating since January
2009.
MBBR Technology CHRISTIAN CABRAL, EVA SANTOS, MARK SMOCK, WILLIAM KELLY, N.A.
Provides Easy Upgrade for Water Systems, a Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Company, Vandalia,
Mature Landfill Treatment OH
Systems
Water Conservation ANDREW MARKLE, P.Eng., MPR Associates Inc., Alexandria, VA Water conservation is becoming
Strategies at Electric increasingly important in the
Generating Stations operation and siting of electrical
generating stations. The
availability of water is often the key
limiting factor when considering
expanding the generation
capabilities of an existing facility. A
Page 1283 of 5199 01/27/2018

Landfill Leachate
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Water Conservation, Water Audit, Flue Gas Water

http://www.eswp.com
Recovery, Hybrid Cooling Towers, Wet Season Collection,
Rainwater Collection, Dry Bottom Ash Handling, LNG/LPG
rder_form.html
Ambient Air Vaporizer Water Collection and Reuse.
Page 1284 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1285 of 5199 01/27/2018

combination of new and
conventional technologies is
required to address water
conservation issues. This
paper_x000D_
compares the impact of eight (8)
new alternative water use and
control strategies on the_x000D_
operation and design of typical
electrical generating stations.
Twelve (12) other
traditional_x000D_
water conservation strategies are
mentioned, but not evaluated in
detail. The strategies
range_x000D_
from changes to existing facility
operations, to system
modifications to conserve water,
to_x000D_
process additions to produce
additional water from the process
streams. For each new_x000D_
strategy, the benefits, risks, and
costs are discussed.
Recommendations concerning
the_x000D_
Page 1286 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1287 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-70D Prepared Discussion Powerpoint
IWC-08-71 Paper
Page 1288 of 5199 01/27/2018

technologies that potentially can
change a power generating station
from a water consumer to_x000D_
a water producer are provided.
Water Conservation JOHN T. LUCEY, Jr., HDR Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA
Strategies at Electric
Generating Stations
Achieving Reliable Zero LANNY WEIMER, CAROLINA GONZALEZ, ROBERT SOLOMON, GE Water & Integrated Gasification Combined
Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Process Technologies, Ellicott City, MD Cycle, IGCC, operations generate
Treatment of Gray Water large volumes of a highly
at an Integrated concentrated wastewater
Gasification Combined containing ammonia, organics,
Cycle (IGCC) Power Plant hardness, chlorides, and total
dissolved solids. This wastewater
is known as gray water and
presents significant challenges for
a Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD,
wastewater treatment system. This
paper discusses the technical
challenges that must be met to
design a gray water thermal ZLD
treatment system. The paper
describes the laboratory test
program to develop the system
design. A case study describes the
design and operation of this
commercial gray water ZLD
Page 1289 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), Zero
http://www.eswp.com
Liquid Discharge (ZLD), Gray Water, Brine Concentrator,
Crystallizer, Rotary Drum Dryer
rder_form.html
Page 1290 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-72 Paper
Page 1291 of 5199 01/27/2018

commercial gray water ZLD
treatment system that has
demonstrated long-term reliability
for the past six years.
Achieving Reliable Zero WILLIAM E. MOORE, Fluor Enterprises, Inc., Sugar Land, TX
Treatment of Gray Water
at a Integrated Gasification
Combined Cycle (IGCC)
Power Plant
Evaporation of WILLIAM A. SHAW, P.E., HPD, LLC, a Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Many industrial operations
Wastewaters Containing Company, Pewaukee, WI generate wastewaters which
Highly Soluble Salts contain soluble salts including wet
gas scrubbing in flue gas
desulfurization, FGD, and
integrated gasification combined
cycle, IGCC, processes, leachate
from landfills, chemical and
fertilizer manufacturing, and those
employing treated municipal
effluent. Evaporation is often
considered for the treatment of
these wastewaters as part of a
process. This paper will discuss
the impact of high solubility on the
design and the economics of
Page 1292 of 5199 01/27/2018

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), Zero

http://www.eswp.com
Liquid Discharge (ZLD), Gray Water, Brine Concentrator,
Crystallizer, Rotary Drum Dryer
rder_form.html
Evaporation, Crystallization, Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD,

http://www.eswp.com
Boiling Point Rise, BPR, Mechanical Vapor Compression,
MVC, Heat Pump, Flue Gas Desulfurization, FGD, Coal
rder_form.html
Gasification, IGCC, Landfill Leachate,
Page 1293 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-73 Paper
IWC-08-74 Paper
Page 1294 of 5199 01/27/2018

processes using evaporation.
Issues such as high boiling point
elevation, the use of noble
materials of construction to resist
corrosion, and amount of energy
which must be input to the process
will be discussed.
Evaporation of MICHAEL C. PRESTON, Black & Veatch Corporation, Overland Park, KS
Wastewaters Containing
Highly Soluble Salts
Navajo Generating Station ROBERT B. PETERSON, JERRY N. KOGER,, Salt River Project, Page, AZ; The Navajo Generating Station
– 25 Years of Zero Liquid TIMOTHY J. RITTOF, HPD, LLC,Plainfield, IL was among the first coal-fired
Discharge (ZLD) power stations in the U.S. to be
designed as a Zero Liquid
Discharge facility and the first to
use a brine crystallizer in
conjunction with evaporation
ponds. The ZLD system
components were installed with the
capacity to recover 1,500 gpm of
water and still have that capacity
today.
Navajo Generating Station MICHAEL L. WISDOM, P. E., ContourGlobal, Houston, TX
– 25 Years of Zero Liquid
Discharge (ZLD)
Use of High Efficiency RUSSELL VANDENBERG, NIMAI MILLER , GE Water & Process Technologies, The ethanol industry puts a
Page 1295 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
boiler, chemical processing, concentrate reduction, cooling
http://www.eswp.com
tower, crystallization, environmental impact, recycling,
waste reduction, waste treatment, wastewater treatment,
rder_form.html
zero liquid discharge, ZLD
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ethanol, Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD), High Efficiency
http://www.eswp.com
Page 1296 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-75 Paper
Page 1297 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reverse Osmosis RCC Thermal Products, Bellevue, WA; WILLIAM McCLAIN, GE Water & Process substantial strain on the country's
(HERO), Brine Technologies, Phoenix, AZ. water supply. For example,
Concentration between three and six gallons of
and_x000D_ water are needed to produce one
Crystallization at the gallon of ethanol. A reverse
World's First Two Zero osmosis based zero liquid
Liquid Discharge (ZLD) discharge, ZLD, system has been
Ethanol Plants developed that will enable ethanol
plants to reuse high purity water
for use as boiler make-up, cooling
tower make-up, and process
needs. Along with a limited fresh
water supply, the ethanol industry
is facing increasing regulatory
pressure to reduce or eliminate
wastewater discharge. This paper
describes the design of two ZLD
wastewater systems in the ethanol
industry
Porous Polymers Via ROBERT L. ALBRIGHT, PhD, Albright Consulting, Southampton, PA The synthesis of porous organic
Macroreticular Synthesis: polymers with an open cell pore
Nature and Applications structure and a permanent pore
system that does not collapse on
drying was discovered by Eric
Meitzner and James Oline in the
1950’s. They termed such
polymers macroreticular in order to
Page 1298 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reverse Osmosis (HERO®), Brine Concentrator,
http://www.eswp.com
Crystallizer, Anhydrous and Decahydrate Sodium Sulfate
rder_form.html
Polymeric Adsorbents, Amberlite® XAD Resins, BET

http://www.eswp.com
Surface Area, Pore Dimensions, Molecular Dimensions,
Random Coil Diameter Equation
rder_form.html
Page 1299 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1300 of 5199 01/27/2018

differentiate them from the prior
crosslinked gel polymers. Gel
polymers have a porosity only
when swelled by a miscible liquid
and are called microreticular. The
selectivity of a sorbent for a
specific molecular species is a
function of the surface nature,
where the simple concept of “like
sorbs like” is operative, and the
capacity, which is a function of the
accessibility of the binding surface
to the sorbate. These two
fundamental requirements dictate
that the polymeric sorbent must
have selective sites and accessible
sites. Accessibility distills down to
an interconnecting system of pores
of the proper size for good mass
transport from the particle exterior
to the particle interior. Capacity
pores are the smaller pores
connected into the mass transport
pore system so that the sorbate
can interact with the sorbent
surface for binding. Pore
accessibility can be related to
Page 1301 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1302 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-08-76 Paper
Page 1303 of 5199 01/27/2018

molecular dimensions. An
understanding of the interplay
among surface selectivity, mass
transport, and site accessibility is
presented as well as examples of
effective applications performed by
polymeric adsorbents.
Porous Polymers Via WILLIAM C. ZAVORA, PE, Calgon Carbon Corporation, Santa Fe Springs, CA
Macroreticular Synthesis:
Nature and Applications
Trace Contaminant H. ROBERT GOLTZ, PhD, Dow Chemical, Midland, MI A wide variety of solutions have
Removal from Ground and emerged for removal of trace
Waste Waters with contaminants in ground water and
Selective and Non- waste water such as - arsenic,
Selective Media radium, uranium, perchlorate,
boron, nitrate, mercury and
fluoride. A host of selective
removal strategies are available
and are reviewed. Trace
contaminants and different
treatments have been studied to
develop a treatment options grid to
assist customers in the evaluation
of their treatment needs. An
example of the technology
assessment study will be
presented for radium removal that
Page 1304 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Trace Contaminant Removal, Selective Removal, Arsenic,
http://www.eswp.com
Radium, Uranium, Perchlorate, Platinum, Palladium,
Rhodium, Nitrate, Mercury, economics
rder_form.html
Page 1305 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-01 Paper
Page 1306 of 5199 01/27/2018

presented for radium removal that
will look at treatment options,
removal capabilities, treatment
reliability and cost of treatment.
Trace Contaminant PETER RITCHEY, Severn Trent Water Purification, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA
Removal from Ground and
Waste Waters with
Selective and Non-
Selective Media
Water Treatment in Panel Discussiom Moderator: James Robinson, GE Water & Process
Hydrocarbon Processing Technologies, Trevose, PA
and Chemical Processing
Steam Systems - Practical
Answers to Your Qustions
DAVID KLANECKY, Global Research & Development, (R&D), Director of Dow
Water & Process Solutions, Edina, MN
How A Media Filter, With JOE HALIGOWSKI, Filtra Systems Company, Farmington Hills, MI A US aluminum mill completed a
Sustainable “Green” 9-month pilot filtration study on 3
Media, and Innovative distinctly different water streams.
Media Regeneration The three water streams (outfall,
Design, solved 3 Major cooling, and caster) will be
Process Water Problems examined, illustrating the
at a U.S. Aluminum Mill performance of the walnut shell
filter in each, which determined if
the water could be 1) be
discharged to an outfall, or 2)
reused within the facility. Oil and
Page 1307 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
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None
CSTR, Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1308 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-02 Paper
Page 1309 of 5199 01/27/2018

particle contaminant level data for
each stream will be presented,
along with the corresponding
removal efficiency (95%+),
attained.
How A Media Filter, With JOE HALIGOWSKI, Filtra Systems Company, Farmington Hills, MI
Sustainable “Green”
Media, and Innovative
Media Regeneration
Design, solved 3 Major
Process Water Problems
at a U.S. Aluminum Mill
How A Media Filter, With JOHN SCHUBERT, PE., HDR, Pittsburgh, PA
Sustainable “Green”
Media, and Innovative
Media Regeneration
Design, solved 3 Major
Process Water Problems
at a U.S. Aluminum Mill
Three-Phase Mining CHRISTOPHER HOWELL, DAVE CHRISTOPHERSEN, Crown Solutions Co., High-rate ballasted flocculation
Effluent Treatment Plant to LLC – a Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Company,Vandalia, OH technology, cyanide oxidation and
Meet Stringent Standards carbon adsorption make up an
advanced, three-phase cyanide
and metals removal system for
Marlin Mine. The new plant is
designed to meet compliance with
the International Cyanide Code
Page 1310 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Cyanide, cyanide oxidation, sand-ballasted flocculation,

http://www.eswp.com
clarification, disc filter, metals removal, mine water, tailings
treatment
rder_form.html
Page 1311 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-40~9
IWC-09-06 Paper
Page 1312 of 5199 01/27/2018

and other highly stringent
standards. The new wastewater
treatment system was installed to
allow treatment and subsequent
discharge of the tailings water to
the environment. This paper will
describe the treatment processes
and provide the treatment results.
Three-Phase Mining ANDREW STERN, Chester Engineers, Charleroi, PA
Effluent Treatment Plant to
Meet Stringent Standards
MBBR Technology JERRY PENLAND, Chester Engineers, Moon Township, PA

Provides Easy Upgrade for
Mature Landfill Treatment
Systems
Milwaukee's Water Schwada, Joseph. C.
Purification Plant
Patent Pitfalls: Why CLIFTON E. McCANN, CHRISTOPHER S. CROOK, Venable LLP, Washington, A prior art reference can inherently
Calgon and Clearwater DC disclose an invention and thus
Patents Failed, and How prevent a later claim for patent
to Avoid Similar Outcomes protection on the invention, and
prior art created by the inventor
himself can be used to deny rights
to the inventor for an invention that
is the same or similar to the
inventor’s own prior art. In these
ways water treatment patents have
Page 1313 of 5199 01/27/2018
none
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rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Patents, Patent Law, Anticipation, Obviousness,

http://www.eswp.com
Infringement, Wedeco, Calgon, Clearwater Systems,
Evapco, KSR International, Invention Management.
rder_form.html
Page 1314 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-07 Paper
Page 1315 of 5199 01/27/2018

ways water treatment patents have
recently been invalidated. In other
developments, the U.S. Supreme
Court increased the standard for
unobviousness in 2007, and the
decision has been used by lower
courts and the PTO to more
frequently deny patent claims. But
more recently the standard has
largely been restored to its pre-
2007 state for unpredictable arts
such as water treatment. This
paper describes these
developments and concludes with
recommendations for an invention
management program that can
avoid patent pitfalls and maximize
rights in technology.
Patent Pitfalls: Why RICHARD POSA, JOHN WALISZEWSKI, SAMCO Technologies, Inc., Buffalo,
Calgon and Clearwater NY
Patents Failed, and How
to Avoid Similar Outcomes
Biological Treatment SHASHI GORUR, Siemens Water Technologies, Warrendale, PA; ROBERT On-site biological treatment
Solves Fruit Processor’s MILLER, Mariani Packing Co., Inc., Vacaville, CA system at a fruit processing facility
Discharge Dilemma is designed for 126,000 gpd (with
expansion capability to 160,000
gpd) containing 20 g COD/L, 10 g
Page 1316 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Anaerobic, Aerobic, Acidification, High-rate

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1317 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-08 Paper
Page 1318 of 5199 01/27/2018

BOD/L and 1.7 g TSS/L. This
paper describes the treatment
facility and presents results from
2½ years of operation since
startup in November 2006. The
facility includes a pretreatment
clarifier, aerobic and anaerobic
reactor treatment, membrane
filtration, reverse osmosis and
sludge treatment.
Biological Treatment BRIAN P. FLYNN, PE, BCEE, MRE Associates, Austin, TX
Solves Fruit Processor’s
Discharge Dilemma
Sustainable Reuse of ANTON G. CALLERY, ITT Water & Wastewater S.A., Callao, Lima, Peru New discharge regulations in Peru
Wastewater and Biosolids have rapidly accelerated the
for Agriculture in the growth of advanced biological
Manchay District of Lima processes in this strong emerging
Peru economy. This paper discusses a
complete tertiary treatment plant
including biosolids recovery for
agricultural applications. This plant
is currently being constructed and
will go on line during the fourth
quarter of 2009.
Sustainable Reuse of BRENT W. COWAN, CSC Technology, Inc., Coatesville, PA
Wastewater and Biosolids
for Agriculture in the
Page 1319 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Water Reuse, Biosolids Management, Peru, Latin America,
http://www.eswp.com
Discharge Regulations
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
Page 1320 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-09 Paper
IWC-09-10 Paper
Page 1321 of 5199 01/27/2018

for Agriculture in the
Manchay District of Lima
Peru
Biological Nitrogen PAMELA EDRICH, ERIC BLUMENSTEIN, PAUL PIGEON, Golder Associates A large cheese-making operation
Removal from Cheese Inc., Denver, CO; JOE MIDDLEBROOKS, Independent Consultant, Superior, near Gooding, Idaho, generates on
Plant Wastewater Using CO; SHELDON KNAPP, DOUGLAS PETTINGER, Glanbia Foods, Gooding, ID average 1.25 million gallons per
an Alternate Carbon day, MGD, of high strength
Source wastewater. Wastewater is treated
on-site and reused on agricultural
land. This paper presents a study
of nitrate removal (denitrification)
by anoxic treatment using an
alternate carbon source (a by-
product of cheese-making).
Biological Nitrogen MICHAEL L. PUDVAY, Infilco Degremont, Inc., Richmond, VA
Removal from Cheese
Plant Wastewater Using
an Alternate Carbon
Source
Instrumentation and JOSEPH P. VANDEHEY, Global Water Treatment This paper discussed the
Controls Necessary to monitoring and controls required
Properly Monitor Reverse by reverse osmosis, RO, systems
Osmosis Systems in water treatment plants in the
pharmaceutical and food
processing industries. Integrated
instrumentation and controls
provide the most efficient means of
Page 1322 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
carbon source, denitrification, wastewater, biological

http://www.eswp.com
treatment, cheese, nitrate, anoxic, nitrification
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1323 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-11 Paper
Page 1324 of 5199 01/27/2018

preventing fouling and scaling in
the RO units. Critical parameters
included oxidation reduction
potential, ORP, pH, conductivity,
temperature, flow rate, and . cost
efficient mini-transmitters and
controllers were discussed.
Instrumentation and JANE KUCERA, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL
Controls Necessary to
Properly Monitor Reverse
Osmosis Systems
Case History of a Water STEVEN R. GAGNON, JEFF HARTMAN, AVANTech, Inc., Columbia, SC This paper will review the lessons
Treatment System in learned in designing,
Puerto Rico commissioning and operating a
water treatment system consisting
of depth filters, antiscalant feed,
and cartridge filters as
pretreatment, followed by a single
pass reverse osmosis system and
polished with a single pass
electrodeionization system for a
300 MW, combined cycle co-
generation power plant in Puerto
Rico. This paper shall provide
background on equipment
selection, unit operation, water
quality issues, system rework,
Page 1325 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Reverse Osmosis; Electrodeionization, Silica, Ion-

http://www.eswp.com
Exchange, Membranes
rder_form.html
Page 1326 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-12 Paper
Page 1327 of 5199 01/27/2018

operational problems, system
profiling and validation protocol.
Special consideration will be
placed on profiling the reverse
osmosis system, ROS, and
electrodeionization, EDM, system
performance due to radical
changes in feed water quality.
Case History of a Water JONATHAN WOOD, Siemens Water Technologies, Lowell, MA
Treatment System in
Puerto Rico
Prevention of Calcium STEPHEN P. CHESTERS, FERNANDO DEL VIGO, EDWARD G. DARTON, Waste water contains high levels
Phosphate Fouling in Genesys International Limited, Winsford Cheshire, UK of phosphate typically 10-30 mg/l.
Waste Water Reuse RO which causes calcium phosphate
Plant. scale formation in reverse osmosis
membranes. Conventional
antiscalant chemistry and dosing
large quantities of acid is
ineffective in high phosphate waste
waters. This paper investigates the
chemistry and morphology of
calcium phosphate. Highly active
calcium phosphate threshold
inhibitors were tested in the
laboratory and a developmental
product formulated which
significantly outperformed
Page 1328 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Calcium phosphate, Antiscalant, Chemicals, Scale, Fouling,
http://www.eswp.com
Reverse Osmosis, Membranes, Waste Water, Re-use,
rder_form.html
Page 1329 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-13 Paper
Page 1330 of 5199 01/27/2018

significantly outperformed
conventional antiscalants and acid
dosing in three case studies.
Prevention of Calcium GREGG POPPE, SCOTT BEARDSLEY, The Dow Chemical Company,
Phosphate Fouling in Minneapolis, MN
Waste Water Reuse RO
Plant.
Use of Unique Fractional DEVESH MITTAL, V. J. NATHAN, Aquatech International Corporation, In recent years use of EDI, Electro
Electro- Deionization Canonsburg, PA; NARENDER SINGH BISHT, Aquatech Systems Asia, Pune, De-Ionization, has seen its
(FEDI) in Power Plant India acceptance diminish as part of
Application Demineralization system at power
plants. The paper will discuss the
application of FEDI, Fractional
Electro De-Ionization, is in
production of deionized water at
two merchant power plants in
Texas. The paper presents
operating data and operating
experience to demonstrate
significant improvements made
over the conventional EDI by
overcoming hardness scaling,
energy conservation and ion
removal efficiency; in essence
promoting wider acceptability with
the achieved improvements in EDI
module construction and
Page 1331 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
(edited) FEDI, Fractional Electro Deionization, EDI, Electro

http://www.eswp.com
Deionization, Reverse Osmosis, Deionization, Boiler Feed
Water, MB, Mixed Bed, Power Plant Water Treatment,
rder_form.html
hardness removal, silica removal, , Ultrapure water
Page 1332 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-14 Report
Page 1333 of 5199 01/27/2018

operation. FEDI differentiates the
treatment of weakly ionized and
strongly ionized impurities and
provides optimum driving force in
terms of electrical energy in a two
stage process. FEDI has specially
designed media with an objective
to minimize pressure drop and
facilitate quick transport of all the
ionic impurities into the reject
stream. This design of media
allows in situ regeneration of the
FEDI module quickly. The paper
will discuss several advancements
and improvements of FEDI
technology as compared to
conventional EDI.
Use of Unique Fractional BILL LOYD, The Dow Chemical Company, Minneapolis , MN
Electro Deionization in
Power Plant Application
The Hybrid Ceramic BUM SOO CHOI, LEE SOO YOON, DONG SUN SHIN, Kwater, Daejeon, South This paper introduces the case of
Membrane System in WTP Korea using the ceramic membrane
system with the pre-ozone and
GAC (Granular Activated Carbon)
process. We are planning to install
this system in the Yon-cho WTP,
a conventional type facility built 30
Page 1334 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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None
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Page 1335 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1336 of 5199 01/27/2018

a conventional type facility built 30
years ago with limited space. The
main processes are pre-ozone,
ceramic membrane and GAC. The
pre-ozone and GAC process are
introduced to treat the substance
(Geosmin, 2-MIB) causing bad
taste and odor. We installed the
pilot plant for the system and we
deduced the factors, such as flux,
chemical dosing rate, backwashing
period. Pretreatment before the
ceramic membrane is very
important for efficiency. The
pretreatment processes of the pilot
plant consist of two mixing types.
One is back mixing and the other
is in-line mixing . We analyzed the
influences of the residual ozone on
the fouling of membrane. The
backwashed water solids from
membrane are easily settled by
gravity. A fiber filter treats the
backwashed water from
membrane. New membrane
technology is being implemented
in plants treating greater than 100
Page 1337 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1338 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-15 Report
IWC-09-16 Paper
Page 1339 of 5199 01/27/2018

mgd. (370ML/d). with increasingly
stringent drinking water minimal
pre- and post- treatment
regulations, and declining quality
of relatively high quality source
water.
Well, How Long is it AMARDEEP VENUS KAUR, Southern California Edison, Westminster, CA This report presents preliminary
Gonna Take? work done in the SCE corporate
chemical laboratory to find a
solution to the constantly
increasing silica in the Refueling
Water Storage Tank, RWST. This
was caused by the degradation of
the neutron adsorbant material,.
Boraflex, used in the spent fuel
racks which consisted of a borated
silicone rubber. The report
provides data on a unique iron
impregnated ion exchange resin
and discusses its silica removal
properties. It further looks at a new
strategy, a loop process which was
designed to take advantage of
resin's absorption process.
Cycle Chemistry EARNESTINE JOHNSON, JEANETTE SHOEMAKER, CHRISTOPHER HUTH, With global power producers
Challenges Facing the KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD looking towards greener methods
New Generation of of electricity production aside from
Page 1340 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
(edited) Nuclear Power, PWR, BWR, corrosion, PWSCC,

http://www.eswp.com
IASCC, IDSCC, FAC, radiolysis,ECP, ORP, activated
corrosion products, hydrogen water chemistry, neutral
rder_form.html
Page 1341 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1342 of 5199 01/27/2018

Nuclear Power Facilities the traditional fossil fuels, the
possibility of new nuclear facilities
in the US is rapidly becoming a
reality. Several new nuclear
reactor designs are in various
stages of approval with the US
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
and awaiting final design
acceptance. Based on the details
of the new reactor designs,
Engineering, Procurement and
Construction, EPC, companies and
potential owners are facing a new
generation of nuclear cycle
chemistry challenges. Through
examination of existing fossil and
nuclear reactor water chemistry
practices as well as global design
influence and equipment
metallurgy, the driving factors
behind water chemistry
requirements for this new
generation of nuclear reactor
technology will be reviewed. An
EPC contractor's perspective will
be presented to highlight the
design and operational challenges
Page 1343 of 5199 01/27/2018

water chemistry, primary cycle, secondary cycle, AVT, OT,
rder_form.html
makeup treatment
Page 1344 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-17 Paper
Page 1345 of 5199 01/27/2018

that exist with the proposed new
cycle chemistry requirements.
Additional issues associated with
meeting these water chemistry
requirements such as equipment
supplier performance guarantees,
long term warrantees and
equipment redundancies, will also
be discussed
Cycle Chemistry EARNESTINE JOHNSON, JEANETTE SHOEMAKER, CHRISTOPHER HUTH,
Challenges Facing the KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
New Generation of
Nuclear Power Facilities
Meeting Environmental RAYMOND M. POST, PE., RICHARD H. TRIBBLE, HELEN R. CERRA, Developers of the next generation
Aquatic Challenges for the ChemTreat, Inc., Glen Allen, VA; TONY BANKS, Dominion Virginia Power, Glen of nuclear power plants are proud
Next Generation of Allen, VA to achieve the highest standards
Nuclear Plant Construction for clean and safe energy
production. These standards
encompass not only passive
nuclear safety and zero carbon
footprint, but also unprecedented
EH&S standards for reducing
thermal and chemical emissions.
This paper provides a brief
overview of the emerging aquatic
environmental standards and
discusses the development of a
Page 1346 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Cooling water treatment, non-phosphate, nutrient loading,

http://www.eswp.com
Total Maximum Daily Load, TMDL, all-organic,
biodegradable, Chesapeake Bay, water management,
rder_form.html
nutrient pollution, environmental regulations
Page 1347 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-18 Report
IWC-09-19 Report
Page 1348 of 5199 01/27/2018

phosphate-free, organic cooling
water treatment program for a next
generation nuclear plant.
Meeting Environmental COLLEEN M. LAYMAN, PE, Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
Aquatic Challenges for the
Next Generation of
Nuclear Plant Construction
Selenium Removal from AVIJIT DEY, PhD., RAJENDRA KULKARNI, Bechtel Corporation, Houston, TX Selenium is a naturally occurring
Refinery Wastewater trace mineral found in crude oil. Its
presence in high concentrations in
water can impact aquatic habitats.
A suspected carcinogen, selenium
is also harmful to fish and fowl
when present in waste waters. The
present study comprises a
comprehensive survey of the
various methods and technologies
currently used for selenium
removal and their technical
limitations for the treatment of
refinery waste water.
Circular API Separators in MIKE L. BRADFORD, SHAUN T. KUSEK, PhD., Jacobs Consultancy Inc., Refineries have historically used
Refinery Service Houston, TX rectangular American Petroleum
Institute , API, designs for oil water
separation. However, circular
APIs have a number of
advantages including improved
Page 1349 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Selenium, Selenite, Selenate, Stripped Sour Water, SSW,

http://www.eswp.com
End of Pipe, EOP, Maximum Contaminant Level, MCL, Iron
co-precipitation, Vibratory Shear Enhanced Processing,
rder_form.html
VSEP, Reverse osmosis, RO, Strong base anion, SBA
Circular API Separator, Circular Oil Water Separator,

http://www.eswp.com
Stokes Law, Gravity Separation, Refinery Wastewater
Treatment Systems, Circular Clarifiers, Rectangular API
rder_form.html
Separators, Oil and Solid Loading, Oily Sludge, API Pub.
421
Page 1350 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-20 Report
IWC-09-21 Report
Page 1351 of 5199 01/27/2018

solids handling and greater
reliability. This paper provides
information on performance-
related problems of circular APIs
already in service. It provides
design information for circular APIs
and discusses the pros and cons
of a circular API versus
rectangular.
Oil-In-Water Fluorescence VADIM MALKOV, PhD., Hach Company, Loveland, CO; DIETMAR SIEVERT, In order to simplify and accelerate
Sensor in Wastewater PhD., Hach Lange GmbH, Duesseldorf, Germany the analyses of oil and grease in
Applications industrial wastewaters, particularly
discharged from various parts of
the oil-refining process, a UV-
fluorescent sensor sensitive to
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
CPAH, was tested. The correlation
between total oil-in-water
concentration and concentration of
the model PAH compound was
found to be achievable in samples
containing stable content of oils.
Refinery and Heavy Oil MIKE BRADFORD, Jacobs Consultancy, Houston, TX; IAN BUCHANAN, Jacobs Water has become a scarce
Production Wastewater Consultancy Canada, Calgary, Canada; IAN MOORE, Jacobs Consultancy UK resource in some areas and
Recycle and Reuse Ltd, London, England expensive in others. This paper
provides information on historical
water consumption and proven
Page 1352 of 5199 01/27/2018

Oil-In-Water, OIW, UV fluorescence, PAH, Wastewater,

http://www.eswp.com
Refinery
rder_form.html
Refinery, Heavy Oil, Wastewater, Water Supply, Recycle,

http://www.eswp.com
Re-use
rder_form.html
Page 1353 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-22 Report
Page 1354 of 5199 01/27/2018

approaches refineries and heavy
oil processors can use to reduce
water consumption by recycling
and re-using wastewater
particularly in the Western USA
and Canada as required by
regulations. Examples are given
on recycling and reuse, and zeo
liquid discharge, ZLD, in typical
production plants.
Refinery Wastewater RAFIQUE JANJUA, Fluor Corporation, Sugar Land, TX Refineries using Canadian Crude
Treatment using Heavy as feed stock are experiencing
Canadian Crude for Feed high emulsion wastewater from
Stock desalter mud wash operation. This
waste is high in COD/BOD organic
loading, shocking the aeration
system by scavenging dissolved
oxygen in the system and resulting
in maloperation and exceeding
NPDES limits. Emulsion also
plugs the aeration diffusers and
further adversely impact the
oxygen transfer rate and efficient
mixing of the mixed liquor
suspended solids. New technology
can process the mudwash in a
more efficient and cost effective
Page 1355 of 5199 01/27/2018

(edited)Tar Sands, SAGD, Desalter waste, Desalter

http://www.eswp.com
Process, Desalter mudwash waste COD/BOD, Dissolved
Oxygen, Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids, Food to Mass
rder_form.html
Ratio, Emulsion, Colloidal Silica & Clay
Page 1356 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-23 Paper
Page 1357 of 5199 01/27/2018

way.
Technology Selection ROCH LAFLAMME, ROBERT GERARD, Montreal-Amsterdam GE Water and The wide range of water treatment
Tools for Boiler Feedwater Process Technologies, technologies is a challenge when
Applications (high purity trying to find the best series of unit
water) operations, optimize total system
performance, and reduce service
requirements, and treat feed
waters that widely vary in
contaminants and cost in different
locations around the world. With
evironmental factors such as water
conservation, wastewater
reduction and infrastructure and
labor costs in the evaluation, the
analysis of the project can become
complex and time consuming. To
address these issues for the
production of boiler feed water, we
have developed a range of tools
that allow for a quick evaluation of
key factors for both new projects
as well as system upgrades.
These tools allow evaluation of
pretreatment options, softening,
ion exchange , IX, ultrafiltration,
UF, reverse osmosis, RO,
electrodialysis reversal EDR,
Page 1358 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Page 1359 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-41~1
IWC-09-24 Paper
Page 1360 of 5199 01/27/2018

electrodeionization, EDI, thermal
evaporation, and various
combinations thereof. This paper is
focuses on comparing membranes
with ion exchange technologies for
the production of high purity water.
The RO-EDI/Demin-MB tool was
used to do a sensitivity study
looking at the break-even point
when varying the major
parameters affecting the capital
and operating cost.
Characteristics and Cost Speller, F. N.
of Corrosion
Contaminant Reduction by ANDREW COLLENTRO, Water Consulting Specialists, Inc., Doylestown, PA This presentation will discuss ten
Ozone Treatment in a years of operating experience with
Pharmaceutical Water the use of ozone for reduction of
Application contaminants in a high-purity water
system. The chronological events
associated with a variable
municipal feed water supply will be
discussed along with system
modifications required to meet the
stringent process water
requirements. Data associated
with system operation will be
Page 1361 of 5199 01/27/2018


http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
USP Purified Water, ozone, pharmaceutical water,
http://www.eswp.com
trihalomethanes, THMs, rouge
rder_form.html
Page 1362 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-25 Paper
Page 1363 of 5199 01/27/2018

with system operation will be
presented for trihalomethane,
THM, reduction and microbial
control. The effect of ozone on
rouge formation of the stainless
steel system components and
system passivation intervals will
also be discussed.
Contaminant Reduction by BARBARA SCHILLING, Degremont Technologies, Elmwood Park, NJ
Ozone Treatment in a
Pharmaceutical Water
Application
Achieving the First Zero BRUCE KASNITZ, GREGG WILSON, ROBERT SOLOMON, GE Water and This paper describes the design of
Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Process Technologies, Bellevue, WA the first commercial coal
Treatment of Salty liquefaction zero liquid discharge,
Wastewater and ZLD, wastewater system in China.
Ammonium Sulfate for the Due to heightened awareness of
Coal Liquefaction Industry environmental impacts and
in China benefits of wastewater
recovery/recycling, the Chinese
government and owners
themselves are actively looking at
ZLD systems to treat various plant
wastewaters.
Achieving the First Zero DIANE R. MARTINI, Sargent & Lundy, LLC, Chicago, IL
Treatment of Salty
Page 1364 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD, Brine Concentrator,

http://www.eswp.com
Crystallizer
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None
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 1365 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-26 Paper
Page 1366 of 5199 01/27/2018

Wastewater and
Ammonium Sulfate for the
Coal Liquefaction Industry
in China
Zero Liquid Discharge at LAWRENCE V. KRZESOWSKI, General Motors, Warren, MI; LNSP General Motors Corporation has
General Motors San Luis NAGGHAPPAN, DAVID E. PARKER, N.A. Water Systems, a Veolia Water built a “zero liquid discharge”
Potosi Automotive Solutions & Technologies Company, Moon Township, PA wastewater treatment facility to
Complex Using OPUS support a Greenfield Automotive
Technology Complex in Mexico. The facility
produces potable water and
process water for various
manufacturing operations and
treats wastewater for
recycle/reuse. The wastewater
treatment facility consists of
pretreatment technologies for
removal of oil & grease, metals
and organics, followed by an end-
of-pipe system for sustainable
reuse of the wastewater as
process water. This paper will
discuss the performance of the
technology used in the end-of-pipe
treatment system.
Zero Liquid Discharge at LAWRENCE V. KRZESOWSKI, General Motors, Warren, MI; LNSP
General Motors San Luis NAGGHAPPAN, DAVID E. PARKER, N.A. Water Systems, a Veolia Water
Potosi Automotive Solutions & Technologies Company, Moon Township, PA
Page 1367 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
(edited) High Recovery RO, High pH RO, Zero Liquid

http://www.eswp.com
Discharge, Membranes, Wastewater Reuse, Automotive
Wastewater Reuse
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1368 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-27 Paper
Page 1369 of 5199 01/27/2018

Complex Using OPUS
Technology
Zero Liquid Discharge at DAVID VELEGOL, Jr., Chester Engineers, Moon Township, PA
General Motors San Luis
Potosi Automotive
Complex Using OPUS
Technology
Evaluation of RO, Organic EMMANUEL QUAGRAINE, PhD., Shand Power Station, SaskPower, Estevan, Although the role of organics in
Trap, and Carbon Filter for SK, Canada; KEITH HILL, FREDRICK OMOROGBE, Saskatchewan Power power plant cycle chemistry
Organic Removal from a Corporation, SK, Canada appears to be still controversial,
Distillate Feed Water: A their adverse effects in the course
Case Study from a Zero- of makeup water treatment are
Liquid Discharge Power very familiar and include fouling of
Plant with Surface and ion exchange resins. This paper
Reclaimed Water Sources initially describes the organic/bio-
for Cooling fouling experience in a boiler
makeup water treatment train for a
Zero Water Discharge (ZWD)
Plant, which draws on treated
sewage water and surface water
for cooling and utilizing the Cooling
Tower blow down to make distillate
water from an evaporator prior to
final treatment with a mixed bed
demineralizer. In a case study,
which is the focus of this paper,
the performance of the pilots of
Page 1370 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 1371 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1372 of 5199 01/27/2018

two recommended organic
removal techniques (i.e. reverse
osmosis and organic trap resin)
were compared to the existing
activated carbon bed for organic
removal prior to the mixed beds.
Parameters evaluated on these 3
techniques (pre- and post- each
unit) includes bacteria plate
counts, organic carbons, inorganic
nutrients known parameters that
could significantly impact on the
performance of the mixed beds
and various others like pH,
conductivity, turbidity. The effect of
an oxidizing (i.e. bleach) and non-
oxidizing (glutaraldehyde) biocides
on the performance of the
activated carbon filter were also
evaluated.
Evaluation of RO, Organic EMMANUEL QUAGRAINE, PhD., Shand Power Station, SaskPower, Estevan,
Trap, and Carbon Filter for SK, Canada; KEITH HILL, FREDRICK OMOROGBE, Saskatchewan Power
Organic Removal from a Corporation, SK, Canada
Distillate Feed Water: A
Case Study from a Zero-
Liquid Discharge Power
Plant with Surface and
Page 1373 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1374 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-41~10
IWC-41~11
Page 1375 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reclaimed Water Sources
for Cooling
Evaluation of RO, Organic K. ANTHONY SELBY, Water Technology Consultants, Inc., Evergreen, CO
Trap, and Carbon Filter for
Organic Removal from a
Distillate Feed Water: A
Case Study from a Zero-
Liquid Discharge Power
Plant with Surface and
Reclaimed Water Sources
for Cooling
The Effect of Deaeration Yoder, J. D.
on pH Value
The Removal of Dissolved Kittredge, A. E.

Gases from Boiler Feed
Water
HRSG FAC BILL BOYD, MARK VOGT, Dynegy Generation, O'Fallon, IL Flow Accelerated Corrosion, FAC,
is a significant form of corrosion
that can affect reliability and
depending on the failure location
can be a threat to personnel
safety. Many utilities have
programs to minimize FAC. Heat
recovery steam generator, HRSG,
units often do not utilize formalized
Page 1376 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Boiler Corrosion and Control, Deaeration

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Flow Accelerated Corrosion, FAC, Heat Recovery Steam
http://www.eswp.com
Generator, HRSG, Non-Destructive Evaluation, Pulsed
Eddy Current, PEC
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Page 1377 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1378 of 5199 01/27/2018

programs due to lack of man
power or budgetary restraints. This
report shows what is being done at
one HRSG, location where FAC
has been identified and some
steps that have been taken to
mitigate it
Oxygen Corrosion and EWA M. LABUDA, ROBERT D. BARTHOLOMEW, Sheppard T. Powell Corrosion mechanisms associated
Corrosion Fatigue Boiler Associates, LLC, Baltimore, MD with dissolved oxygen in the
Tube Failure Case absence or presence of cyclic
Histories stresses are discussed. Case
studies involving several waterwall
tubes from conventional boilers
and a feeder pipe for a lower
header in a biomass fired boiler
are presented. Each tube was
affected by corrosion and/or
cracking initiated on the waterside
surface. The cracking was
associated with cyclic stresses
(either thermal or mechanical).
Results of visual examination,
elemental analysis of waterside
buildup, and optical metallography
are provided. The effects of cyclic
stresses on the crack morphology
are discussed.
Page 1379 of 5199 01/27/2018

BTF, Boiler Tube Failures, CF, Corrosion Fatigue,

http://www.eswp.com
Cracking, Failure Analysis, Metallurgical Analysis, Oxygen
Corrosion, Pitting, Dissolved Oxygen
rder_form.html
Page 1380 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-32 Paper
Page 1381 of 5199 01/27/2018

A Review of Hydrogen DAVID DANIELS, M&M Engineering Associates Inc., Austin, TX A significant number of boiler
Damage and Phosphate waterwall tube failures are caused
Gouging Corrosion by these corrosion mechanisms.
Mechanisms This paper will provide both a
historical perspective and the
current understanding hydrogen
damage and phosphate gouging or
Acid Phosphate Corrosion, APC,
and present an alternative
mechanism for APC.
Source Water Challenges THOMAS LAWRY, HDR Engineering, Inc, Pittsburgh, PA This presentation describes
from Three FGD Makeup challenges faced by three flue gas
Water Treatment Systems desulfurization, FGD, makeup
water systems. Facility #1 pulls
high quality stream water requiring
only clarification and filtration.
Facility #2 utilizes sanitary
treatment effluent requiring further
treatment, including chlorination,
filtration, and ultraviolet
disinfection. Facility #3 uses
brackish water requiring
desalination with solids removal.
Source Water Challenges MILTON OWEN, URS Corporation, Austin, TX
from Three FGD Makeup
Water Treatment Systems
Page 1382 of 5199 01/27/2018

Corrosion, Hydrogen Damage, Phosphate, Acid Phosphate
http://www.eswp.com
Corrosion
rder_form.html
flue gas desulfurization makeup water treatment, gravity

http://www.eswp.com
filtration, seawater RO, solids removal
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1383 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-33 Paper
IWC-09-34 Paper
Page 1384 of 5199 01/27/2018

Monitoring the Chloride JOHN J. KIM, PE., PhD., JJK Water Technology, Inc., Huntersville, NC; ROBBIN Monitoring of the chloride level in
Level in Wet FGD M. JOLLY, Duke Energy Corp, Belmont, NC the wet flue gas desulfurization,
Absorbers with an On-line WFGD, absorber is important
Conductivity Transmitter because a high concentration of
chloride attacks the alloy material
which the absorber vessel is made
of. This paper establishes the
relationship between the
conductivity and the chloride
concentration in the FGD
absorber. Monitoring of chloride
requires frequent sampling and
analysis. It is time consuming and
labor intensive. On-line
conductivity monitoring provides
real-time chloride measurement,
which can easily be trended on the
control room computer screen.
Monitoring the Chloride COREY A. TYREE, PhD., Southern Company Services, Birmingham, AL
Level in Wet FGD
Absorbers with an On-line
Conductivity Transmitter
Intercomparison of RUSSELL GERARDS, JACOB MEYER, Applied Speciation and Consulting, LLC, Multiple methods promulgated by
Different Technologies for Tukwila, WA the EPA for compliance monitoring
the Quantitation of Total of mercury in wastewater were
Mercury in Complex investigated and compared to cold
Waste Streams vapor inductively coupled plasma
Page 1385 of 5199 01/27/2018

chloride, conductivity, FGD absorber slurry, gypsum,
http://www.eswp.com
solubility, filtrate
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
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Mercury, Total Mercury, Cold Vapor, Atomic Fluorescence,

http://www.eswp.com
ICP-MS, Flue Gas Desulfurization, FGD
rder_form.html
Page 1386 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-35 Paper
IWC-41~12
Page 1387 of 5199 01/27/2018

mass spectrometry. This study
was performed to identify the
limitations and benefits associated
with each analytical method and to
identify how varying waste streams
can induce method failures.
Intercomparison of FREDERICK W. VANCE, PhD, Dow Water & Process Solutions, Midland, MI
Different Technologies for
the Quantitation of Total
Mercury in Complex
Waste Streams
Trace Mercury Removal MARK OWENS, PE., Degremont Technologies, Richmond, VA; H. ROBERT Discharges from Wet Flue Gas
from Flue Gas GOLTZ, PhD., The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; DEAN MINGEE, Desulfurization and Flue Gas
Desulfurization ROBERT KELLY, PhD., Degremont North American Research & Development, Desulfurization, FGD, Systems are
Wastewater Richmond, VA facing new, very stringent, effluent
limitations for mercury. To comply
with these new limitations, an end-
of-pipe system to remove trace
mercury contamination to
Trace Mercury Removal WILLIAM M. KENNEDY, PE., Orion Engineering, PLLC, Charlotte, NC
from Flue Gas
Desulfurization
Wastewater
Turbine Nozzle and Buckland, B. O.
Bucket Deposit
Page 1388 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Mercury, Flue Gas Desulfurization, FGD, Wastewater,

http://www.eswp.com
Trace Contaminant Removal, Selective Removal, Ion
Exchange.
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Turbine Deposits
http://www.eswp.com
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Page 1389 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-37 Paper
IWC-09-38 Paper
Page 1390 of 5199 01/27/2018

SAGD Fit-for-Purpose KEITH R. MINNICH, PE., VWS Oil & Gas, Calgary, AB, Canada; DOROTHY Evaporation of produced water has
Boiler Feedwater NEU, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies/HPD, Pewaukee, WI; J. LUKE been used at several Steam
Specification from DRONE, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies/HPD, Plainfield, IL Assisted Gravity Drainage, SAGD,
Evaporator Distillate facilities to produce boiler feed
water. There are no official
guidelines for the required quality
of evaporator distillate to feed a
Once Through Steam Generator,
OTSG, or high pressure industrial
watertube boiler, IWT, that will
produce injection steam. This
paper presents a basis for a fit-for-
purpose specification. This paper
also presents data on the
performance of the Vapor Washer,
which produces high quality
distilled water to meet the fit-for-
purpose specification.
SAGD Fit-for-Purpose KEITH R. MINNICH, PE., VWS Oil & Gas, Calgary, AB, Canada; DOROTHY
Boiler Feedwater NEU, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies/HPD, Pewaukee, WI; J. LUKE
Specification from DRONE, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies/HPD, Plainfield, IL
Evaporator Distillate
SAGD Fit-for-Purpose SUDHIR PARAB, Conoco Phillips Canada Limited, Calgary, AB, Canada
Boiler Feedwater
Specification from
Evaporator Distillate
A Case Study: Process BRIAN D. HUFF, ERIC BLUMENSTEIN, Golder Associates Inc., Lakewood, CO A produced water treatment plant,
Page 1391 of 5199 01/27/2018

Evaporator, Produced Water, Steam Assisted Gravity
http://www.eswp.com
Drainage, SAGD, Boiler Feedwater, Boiler Water, OTSG,
Industrial Watertube Boiler
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
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None
http://www.eswp.com
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Produced Water, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological
Page 1392 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-39 Paper
Page 1393 of 5199 01/27/2018

Evaluation, Design, WTP, was designed at a natural
Construction, and Start-up gas plant in Equatorial Guinea,
of a Produced Water Africa to treat produced water to
Treatment Plant in meet World Bank Environmental
Equatorial Guinea, Africa Guidelines for ocean discharge.
Contaminants of concern included
high levels of chemical oxygen
demand, COD, and biochemical
oxygen demand, BOD, (4,000 and
2,000 mg/l., respectively), oil and
grease, methanol, glycol, and
phenol. In addition to the technical
criteria considered, the relatively
remote location of the facility on an
island off the coast of Africa also
had to be considered in the
execution of the fast-track project.
A Case Study: Process KEVIN DRAKE, AMEC BDR Limited - Calgary, AB, Canada
Evaluation, Design,
Construction, and Start-up
of a Produced Water
Treatment Plant in
Equatorial Guinea, Africa
Innovative Water Reuse: PETER G. DEMAKOS, PE, CHRIS IMIOLA, Niagara Blower Heat Transfer Industrial and process facilities use
Sustainable Water Solutions, Buffalo, NY a significant amount of water for
Management and cooling applications. As a direct
Conservation using result of increased demand and
Page 1394 of 5199 01/27/2018

Oxygen Demand, Biological Water Treatment, Aerobic
http://www.eswp.com
Lagoons, Anaerobic Lagoons, Sludge
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Water conservation, ZLD, process cooling/condensing,

http://www.eswp.com
outlet temperature, cycles of concentration, refrigerant,
desuperheating, condensing, subcooling,
rder_form.html
Page 1395 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-40 Paper
Page 1396 of 5199 01/27/2018

Advanced (Hybrid) Cooling decreasing supply, water
Technologies availability, cost, and quality are
becoming ever more important
considerations in facility design
and operation. Plants are
evaluating how to use less (fresh)
water while being constrained by
water availability and discharge
restrictions. Technologies currently
exist that can maintain cooling
system performance while
optimizing industrial water use.
Innovative Water Reuse: JEFFREY S. MALLORY, Sargent & Lundy, LLC, Chicago, IL
Sustainable Water
Management and
Conservation using
Advanced (Hybrid) Cooling
Technologies
Innovative Ion Exchange MICHAEL BRATTY, DAVID KRATCHOVIL, DAVID SANGUINETTI, SONGLIN The power generation industry is
Systems for Cost-Effective YE, TERYL MURRAY, BioteQ Environmental Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, adopting water conservation and
Increase in Water Reuse Canada recycling measures to address
in Power Plants concerns about water usage and
rising overall costs of water. These
measures can result in dissolved
solids, TDS, that accumulate in
process streams including cooling
and utility water, ash pond water,
Page 1397 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
ion exchange, water conservation, water recovery, power

http://www.eswp.com
plant wastewater, ash pond water, cooling water, ZLD
systems, scaling, TDS, hardness, magnesium, calcium, life
rder_form.html
cycle costs.
Page 1398 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1399 of 5199 01/27/2018

and flue gas desulfurization FGD
wastewater. Rising levels of Ca,
Mg, and sulfate limit the extent of
water re-use by affecting the
scaling potential of process water,
while dissolved Ca, Mg chlorides
increase the boiling point of waste
liquors treated in the ZLD
evaporator-crystallizer systems
leading to increases in power
consumption and capital cost of
systems. An innovative ion
exchange processes provide a
new cost-effective way of
controlling Ca, Mg, and sulfate in
process water loops, increasing
water re-use while decreasing
overall water costs. The product
streams include only treated water
and solid by-products composed of
gypsum and magnesium
hydroxide. Case studies of the
innovative ion exchange,
IX,.system applied to ash pond
water, cooling water, and ZLD
system are presented and life
Page 1400 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1401 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-41~13
IWC-41~14
IWC-41~2
IWC-09-41 Paper
Page 1402 of 5199 01/27/2018

cycle cost-benefits are discussed.
Innovative Ion Exchange STEPHEN DOMINICK, Siemens Water Technologies Corp., Chicago, IL
Systems for Cost-Effective
Increase in Water Reuse
in Power Plants
Chemical Laboratory for Straub, F. J.
Water Treatment Control
in the New Power Plant at
the University of Illinois
Synthetic Resin Myers, F. J.
Exchangers and Their
Application
Cathodic Protection of Mears, R. B.

Aluminum Equipment
Exposed to Industrial
Waters
Toxic Dissolved and DICK TH. MEIJER, VWS Oil & Gas / MPP Systems, Veolia Water Solutions & The trend to more severe
Dispersed Hydrocarbon Technologies, Ede, The Netherlands; KENNETH SEVERING, Whittier Filtration, discharge requirements and to
Removal in Industrial Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies, Santa Fe Springs, CA polluted groundwater treatment
Wastewater and pushed by governments and
Groundwater Treatment followed by industries goes
and Reuse with the Macro together with the development of
Porous Polymer Extraction more advanced water treatment
Technology technologies. Nowadays
contaminated water reuse
becomes attractive, especially in
Page 1403 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Boiler Corrosion and Control

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
MPPE, produced water reuse, wastewater reuse,

http://www.eswp.com
groundwater reuse, dissolved and dispersed hydrocarbons,
Zero Harmful discharge, ZHD, Environmental Impact
rder_form.html
Factor, EIF.
Page 1404 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1405 of 5199 01/27/2018

areas where fresh water is scarce
or very expensive. In such cases
innovative technologies with high
separation performances are
particularly attractive. _x000D_
The Macro Porous Polymer
Extraction, MPPE, technology is
able to remove dissolved and
dispersed hydrocarbons with
99.9999% if needed. The MPPE
technology is basically a
liquid/liquid extraction process
where the extraction liquid is
immobilized in a macro porous
polymer. MPPE is able to remove
dissolved and dispersed
halogenated/chlorinated
hydrocarbons, aromatics (BTEX),
aliphatics (dispersed oil),
polyaromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs,
and other toxic constituents like
MTBE, Tetra Hydrothiophene THT,
etc. Cases will be presented from
zero harmful offshore produced
water discharge to treatment and
reuse of wastewater and polluted
groundwater in coal, brown coal,
Page 1406 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1407 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1408 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemical, pharmaceutical, coatings
and refinery locations.
Toxic Dissolved and EDWARD V. CARR, Buckman USA, St. Louis, MO
Dispersed Hydrocarbon
Removal in Industrial
Wastewater and
Groundwater Treatment
and Reuse with the Macro
Porous Polymer Extraction
Technology
The Impact of Oxidizing DANIEL C. SAMPSON, Nalco Company, Vallejo, CA; JAMES MOEN, Roseville This report analyzes the impact of
Environment on Energy Park, Roseville, CA oxidizing environment on
Feedwater Corrosion and feedwater corrosion and metal
Metal Transport - New transport by examining the
Tools and Findings oxidizing environment at different
locations using two new tools: At
temperature oxidation reduction
potential,ORP, and Particle
Analysis. Initial findings indicate
that variability in the oxidizing
environment is as important as
ORP for corrosion control.
Real-time Corrosion JOE ZIMMERMAN, CHEMTRAC Systems, Inc, Norcross, GA This paper is meant to introduce
Product Transport the Particle Monitor as an effective
Monitoring Using On-line means for continuously sensing
Particle Monitors and tracking Corrosion Product
Transport, CPT. Transient metal
Page 1409 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Oxidizing, ORP, At-Temperature, Iron, Corrosion,

http://www.eswp.com
Transport, Particle Analysis, Particle Index, Particle Counts
rder_form.html
corrosion product transport, monitor, monitoring,

http://www.eswp.com
condensate, particle, particulate, counter, detection, steam
cycle, iron, copper, metal oxides
rder_form.html
Page 1410 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1411 of 5199 01/27/2018

oxides, in their insoluble particulate
form, can be detected with the
particle monitor. When such CPT
monitoring methods are utilized,
real-time particulate measurement
can be implemented as an
additional core parameter for
operating and controlling the
power plant cycle.
Cycle Chemistry Programs K. ANTHONY SELBY, Water Technology Consultants, Inc., Evergreen, CO Cycle chemistry programs must
and Control in High and control corrosion and deposition in
Medium Pressure Boilers both the feedwater system and in
the boiler. The chemistry programs
must be robust and flexible to
handle normal operation, including
start-ups and shut-downs, and
upsets. Treatment programs for
high pressure systems include all
volatile treatment, AVT, and
oxygenated treatment, OT, as well
as several variations of phosphate
and/or caustic chemistry.
Treatment programs for medium
pressure systems may also include
a polymeric dispersant component
or a polymer-based program.
Organic Chemical JAMES ROBINSON, ROBIN KLUCK, ANTHONY ROSSI, GE Water and Process Organic chemicals have been
Page 1412 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cycle Chemistry, Boiler Water, High Purity Water,

http://www.eswp.com
Feedwater Chemistry,
rder_form.html
Ammonia, Amine, Distribution Ratio, pH at Temperature,

http://www.eswp.com
Page 1413 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-46 Report
Page 1414 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment of High Purity Technologies, Trevose, PA; LUIS CARVALHO, GE Water and Process used to treat high purity boiler
Boiler Feedwater – Technologies, Mississauga, ON, Canada feedwater for decades. Notable
Advantages and benefits have been derived from
Limitations these chemicals, however many
consider their use to be risky.
What are the facts? The
advantages and limitations of
organic chemicals are presented to
help plant operators assess the
potential value of using organic
chemicals in their systems.
The Impact of Water PETER ELLIOTT, GE Water & Process Technologies, Trevose, PA Water is rapidly becoming one the
Reuse on Industrial Open most sought after resources in the
Evaporative Cooling world today. Sustainability has
Systems become a highly recognizable
word in today’s commercial
environment. Limited water
resources combined with
wastewater discharge concerns
have made water reuse a growing
focus of industry. Industrial
cooling towers have long been
seen as an ideal repository for
wastewater because of the large
volumes of water necessary for
evaporative cooling. However, the
use of wastewater as a source of
Page 1415 of 5199 01/27/2018

Flow Accelerated Corrosion, Cation Conductivity
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None
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Page 1416 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-47 Paper
IWC-09-48 Paper
Page 1417 of 5199 01/27/2018

cooling tower makeup water can
result in significant corrosion,
deposition, and biological fouling
issues. To address these issues
at a major corn processing plant, a
creative combination of
mechanical and chemical
approaches was employed to
make a process wastewater
suitable for use as cooling tower
makeup water. This paper will
discuss both the approach to the
wastewater pretreatment and the
chemical treatment used at the
cooling tower.
An Update of Reuse Water PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Arvada, CO This paper is an attempt to provide
Experiences in Cooling some " lessons learned" as well
Tower Water Systems as "guide lines" for all facilities
considering or implementing the
use of recycle water replacing
fresh water in cooling tower water
systems. The object is to learn
how to be successful and eliminate
any failures.
Application Study on an JEON SOO MOON, JAE KUEN LEE, PYL YANG PARK, Korea Electric Power An electrolytic softening reactor
Electrolytic Softening Research Institute, Daejoon, Korea was developed through fluid
Reactor for the Removal of dynamic modeling and scale
Page 1418 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Cooling Tower Water, Calcium Hardness, Bicarbonate,

http://www.eswp.com
Electrolytic Reactor, Fluid Dynamic Modeling, Cathode
Reaction, Anode Reaction, Scale Removal, Scale
rder_form.html
Page 1419 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1420 of 5199 01/27/2018

Calcium Hardness in removal performance tests in the
Cooling Tower Water KEPRI laboratory. The reactor
Systems system consists of anode (iridium
coated titanium mesh), cathode
(stainless steel reactor), and a DC
power supply. The alkaline
environment of the cathode
surface induces the deposition of
calcium ion in the form of calcium
carbonate and the calcium ion is
removed from the cooling tower
water system. A synthetic water
was prepared to simulate the
cooling water quality of a domestic
power plant. The fouling resistance
was measured from a fouling
monitor in the test conditions of
LSI 2.3, velocity 1.9 m/sec, and
heat flux 110 kW/m2. When the
electrolytic softening reactor was
applied, the fouling resistance
decreased in the same test
conditions. This electrolytic
softening reactor showed good
scale inhibition performance in the
high cycled cooling tower water
system without any chemical
Page 1421 of 5199 01/27/2018

Deposition
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Page 1422 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-49 Paper
IWC-09-50 Paper
Page 1423 of 5199 01/27/2018

addition.
Application Study on an ARTHUR J. FREEDMAN, PhD, Arthur Freedman Associates, Inc., East
Electrolytic Softening Stroudsburg, PA
Reactor for the Removal of
Calcium Hardness in
Cooling Tower Water
Systems
A Zero Liquid Discharge H. ROBERT GOLTZ, PhD., CHRIS EICHER, The Dow Chemical Company, Since boron is naturally occurring
Process for Boron Midland, MI; NAOMI LEVY, Infilco Degremont, Inc., Richmond, VA in some coal deposits, it is logical
Recovery from FGD that it will accumulate in the
Wastewater scrubber water from a flue gas
desulfurization, FGD, process.
Boron can be present in the
wastewater of FGD scrubbers and
must be removed. An end-of-pipe,
zero liquid boron discharge
process has been developed to
remove boron contamination down
to required discharge limits. This
report will present the results of a
successful three month pilot test.
A Zero Liquid Discharge ROBERT L. HAMILTON, PE., Hamilton Engineering, Inc., Denver, CO
Process for Boron
Recovery from FGD
Wastewater
Evaluating Biological ERIC BLUMENSTEIN, KEVIN CONROY, JIM GUSEK, Golder Associates, Inc, his paper considers the use of
Treatment Technologies Lakewood, CO biological water treatment
Page 1424 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Trace Contaminant Removal, Selective Removal, Boron,

http://www.eswp.com
Boric acid, Borate, FGD Wastewater Treatment
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None
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, WFGD, Blowdown, Biological Water Treatment, Selenium,

http://www.eswp.com
Mercury, Biochemical Reactors, Wetlands, Aerobic
Page 1425 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-51 Report
Page 1426 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment Technologies Lakewood, CO biological water treatment
for the Removal of technologies to remove mercury,
Mercury, Selenium, and selenium, and other trace metals
Other Trace Metals in from wet flue gas desulfurization,
FGD Blowdown Water WFGD, blowdown waters.
Biological technologies discussed
will range from completely passive
(biochemical reactors, aerobic
wetlands), to semi-passive
(anaerobic, aerobic lagoons), to
fully active (fixed-biofilm growth,
such as packed bed Immobilized
Cell Bioreactors).
Evaluating Biological F. DAVID FITZGERALD, PE, Progress Energy (Contract), Raleigh, NC
Treatment Technologies
for the Removal of
Mercury, Selenium, and
Other Trace Metals in
FGD Blowdown Water
ZLD Achieved for the GREG MANDIGO, Aquatech ICD, Hartland, WI A wet Flue Gas Desulfurization,
Treatment of FGD Waste FGD, scrubber and water
Water at Iatan Station treatment system were recently
commissioned as part of the Iatan
power expansion project. The
system has successfully achieved
Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD by
meeting the challenges presented
Page 1427 of 5199 01/27/2018

Mercury, Biochemical Reactors, Wetlands, Aerobic
Lagoons, Anaerobic Lagoons
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
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Flue Gas Desulfurization, FGD, Waste Water Treatment,

http://www.eswp.com
Zero Liquid Discharge, ZLD, Brine Concentrator, BC,
Forced Circulation Crystallizer, FCC, Falling Film
rder_form.html
Evaporator, Scrubber Effluent, Blowdown.
Page 1428 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-52 Paper
IWC-09-53 Paper
Page 1429 of 5199 01/27/2018

by FGD blowdown. This paper
describes these water treatment
challenges and elaborates on the
novel techniques used to achieve
ZLD.
New Low-Temperature WILLIAM A. SHAW, PE., HPD, LLC, a Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Zero liquid discharge, ZLD
ZLD Process Company, Pewaukee, WI systems can be very expensive
from both a capital and operational
perspective. New approaches to
evaporator system design,
especially low temperature
evaporation, provide additional
options to power plants which are
looking for methods to effectively
and economically reduce or
eliminate their water discharges
from flue gas desulfurization,
FGD, scrubbers and integrated
gasification combined cycyle,
IGCC, gasifiers.
New Low-Temperature THOMAS E. HIGGINS, PhD., PE., CH2M Hill, Chantilly, VA
ZLD Process
Reuse of Water for Once JASBIR S. GILL, PhD., Nalco Company, Naperville, IL Scarcity of fresh water everywhere
Through Applications in Oil is making it very difficult to draw
Sand additional fresh water from rivers
and other sources to meet the
Page 1430 of 5199 01/27/2018

Evaporation, ZLD, Heat Pump, FGD, IGCC

http://www.eswp.com
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None
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None
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Page 1431 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-41~3
IWC-09-54 Paper
Page 1432 of 5199 01/27/2018

and other sources to meet the
expanding needs of increased
production goals. The reuse of the
existing water onsite in large
ponds must be considered to
satisfy the environmental
regulations, cost, and reduce the
need for fresh water. Inter-site
water transportation through
pipeline faces similar challenges of
scale/deposit and corrosion as
once through cooling applications.
Reuse of Water for Once DOROTHY NEU, HPD/Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies, Pewaukee, WI
Through Applications in Oil
Sand
The Status of Cathodic Logan, K. L.

Protection of Pipe Lines in
1941
Treatment of Oilfield PETER R. LEMKE, KEVIN W. CONROY, Golder Associates Inc., Denver, CO; Oilfield produced water will be
Produced Water for ISAAC JURAWAN, PE., T.N. Ramnauth & Co. Ltd., Penal, Trinidad, W.I. treated in a facility, currently in
Industrial Reuse design, for a major petroleum
company in Trinidad. Primary unit
operations will include oil/water
separation, dissolved air flotation,
cooling, aerobic biotreatment, and
membrane filtration. Treated
Page 1433 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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Oilfield produced water, dissolved air flotation, aerobic
http://www.eswp.com
biotreatment, immobilized cell bioreactors, chemical oxygen
demand, reverse osmosis, industrial re-use, nearshore
rder_form.html
discharge
Page 1434 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-55 Report
IWC-09-56 Report
Page 1435 of 5199 01/27/2018

effluent will be split between an
industrial re-use stream, and a
permitted release via nearshore
discharge outfall. Consideration of
supplemental removal steps for
recalcitrant chemical oxygen
demand, COD, after biotreatment
is discussed, in order to meet COD
limits for both effluent streams.
Treatment of Oilfield MILIND KULKARNI, Hatch & Associates, Calgary, AB, Canda
Produced Water for
Industrial Reuse
Optimization of SAGD NATHAN S. HARALSON, GREGG L. WILSON, WILLIAM F. HEINS, GE Water & Significant development work has
Produced Water Process Technologies, Bellevue, WA been undertaken to optimize the
Evaporator Design and evaporative produced water
Impacts on Blowdown treatment process, specifically
Disposal Options targeting caustic consumption and
evaporator blowdown handling.
This paper presents the results of
this continued development work
and provides comparisons of
capital and operating costs for the
recently optimized evaporative
approach.
Produced Water Recycle DAN BJORKLUND, Aquatech International Corporation, Hartland, WI The Mukhaizna oil field in Oman is
Reuse at the Oman home to one of the largest
Mukhaizna Oil Field produced water recycle-reuse
Page 1436 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
blowdown, deep well injection, disposal, evaporation,
http://www.eswp.com
evaporator, high pH evaporation, produced water, SAGD,
wastewater treatment, zero liquid discharge, ZLD.
rder_form.html
Mukhaizna, Produced Water, Recycle Reuse, Evaporator

http://www.eswp.com
Page 1437 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1438 of 5199 01/27/2018

Mukhaizna Oil Field produced water recycle-reuse
facilities in the world, with the first
major application of mechanical
vapor compression, MVC,
evaporator technology for Middle
Eastern produced water recycle-
reuse. The first phase of the
facility recycles produced water
using seven identical MVC
evaporation trains each with a
capacity of recycling 42,860
barrels of high purity water per day
for a total capacity of 300,000 bpd
(47,700 M3/day). At Mukhaizna
approximately 90% of the
produced water will be
recycled._x000D_
Produced water from the
Mukhaizna oil field presents
challenges to conventional water
treatment methods and to methods
employed to process produced
water in the northern Alberta tar
sands region. Considerably higher
concentrations of dissolved solids
and hardness along with silica and
other organics are present in the
Page 1439 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Page 1440 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-57 Paper
Page 1441 of 5199 01/27/2018

produced water and make-up
water aquifers. This paper
discusses the technical challenges
and design considerations for the
Mukhaizna produced water
recycle-reuse facility, as well as
technology enhancements for
produced water evaporators.
Automated Feed of JOHN BYRNE, RICHARD McCAFFREY, BASF Catalysts, LLC, Iselin, NJ; KEITH This paperl discussed a new feed
Patented CW (Cooling HIRSCH, BASF Corporation, Wyandotte, MI system that allows for the safe and
Water) Oxidizing Biocide reliable addition of "made to order"
Provides "Best Practice" in chlorine dioxide solution using dry
Delivery of Chlorine biocide. A full description of the
Dioxide to Small-scale feeder along with its effect on
Systems microbiological growth, especially
biofilm, during several trials was
given.
Automated Feed of JOHN W. BYRNE, BASF Corporation, Wyandotte, MI
Patented CW (Cooling
Water) Oxidizing Biocide
Provides "Best Practice" in
Delivery of Chlorine
Dioxide to Small-scale
Systems
Automated Feed of GEORGE DIMOTSIS, Dripping Wet Water, Inc., Boerne, TX
Patented CW (Cooling
Water) Oxidizing Biocide
Page 1442 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
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None
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None
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Page 1443 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-58 Paper
IWC-09-59 Paper
Page 1444 of 5199 01/27/2018

Provides "Best Practice" in
Delivery of Chlorine
Dioxide to Small-scale
Systems
Cost-Effective New Liquid SANG-HEA SHIM, Justeq LLC, Northbrook, IL Halogen biocides, though widely
Halogen Biocide with used and largely effective, are
Better Performance and corrosive and are unsatisfactory in
Reduced Corrosivity controlling surface attached
microbes, such as slime. A newly
patented product, composed of
stabilized chlorine and unreacted
bromide, controls surface attached
microbes, is much less corrosive
and is much more cost-effective
than other halogen biocides.
Cost-Effective New Liquid DAVE CHRISTOPHERSEN, Crown Solutions, a subsidiary of Veolia Water
Halogen Biocide with Solutions & Technologies, Vandalia, OH
Better Performance and
Reduced Corrosivity
EPA Rule 316b - HENRY C. HUNT, Ranney Collector Wells, Columbus, OH Concern regarding potentially
Compliant Passive Intake harmful impacts of cooling water
System for Cooling Water intakes to the environment have
Supply long been voiced by regulatory
agencies,
conservation/preservation groups
and citizens . Workshops
conducted in the mid to late 1970’s
Page 1445 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 1446 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1447 of 5199 01/27/2018

focused on developing intake
designs to minimize adverse
environmental impacts associated
with the withdrawal of surface
water for cooling and process
uses. Over the years, the design of
the intake screening systems, and
the construction methods used for
constructing these intakes evolved
to comply with the development of
regulations such as EPA Rule
316b to simplify the permitting
process and ensure increased
protection of aquatic life. Other
workshops helped formulate the
Rule 316b regulations that were
finalized in 2006. A low-
maintenance surface water intake
system utilized for almost 50 years
that minimizes disturbance during
construction as well as being rule-
compliant in operation will be
described including siting,
construction, conceptual design
elements and operational criteria.
This proven technology is being
applied at site across the country
Page 1448 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1449 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-60 Paper
Page 1450 of 5199 01/27/2018

A Field Evaluation of M. P. PATTON, D. W. ALLEY, Clearwater Systems Corporation, Essex, CT A study was conducted comparing
Chemical and Pulsed water treatment performance of
Power Water Treatment traditional chemical lwater
treatment, chemical water
treatment with high efficiency
filtration, and a pulsed power non
chemical water treatment device.
The independent study was
conducted using three essentially
identical cooling systems located
on a research building at a major
university in the Southeastern
United States. “City water” was
used as makeup for the towers.
Parameters evaluated were
scaling, total bacteria, and
corrosion. The pulsed power
water treatment device was found
to perform as well or better than
chemical treatment when judged
by the condition of the chiller and
tower fill, total bacteria counts,
corrosion coupons and cycles of
concentration. Water usage, as
measured by cycles of
concentration was significantly
lower for the pulsed power system
Page 1451 of 5199 01/27/2018

pulsed power water treatment, electromagnetic water
http://www.eswp.com
treatment, scale control, bacteria control, corrosion control,
field trial, non-chemical water treatment, cooling tower
rder_form.html
water treatment
Page 1452 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1453 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1454 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1455 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-61 Paper
Page 1456 of 5199 01/27/2018

than the other two systems
A Field Evaluation of LORAINE HUCHLER, PE, CMC, MarTech Systems, Inc., Lawrenceville, NJ
Chemical and Pulsed
Power Water Treatment
Beyond “Green MARY GLASS, Mexel USA, LLC, Arlington, VA; DENNIS HUNTER YANKEE, Energy efficiency and
Technology”: Optimizing Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, TN environmental performance of
Energy Efficiency and cooling water systems are critical
Environmental to utilities and industries that are
Performance in Cooling under increased regulatory
Water Treatment surveillance. Innovative
technologies, have been
successfully demonstrated to
prevent fouling and improve
efficiency. With wider deployment,
the environmental, energy, and
security impacts of new
technologies raise key issues for
end use adopters, regulators, and
industry leaders. Trade-offs
between vastly different
environmental, energy, and
security impacts require careful
comparison and valuation.
Beyond “Green MARY GLASS, Mexel USA, LLC, Arlington, VA; DENNIS HUNTER YANKEE,
Technology”: Optimizing Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, TN
Energy Efficiency and
Page 1457 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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rder_form.html
Cooling water treatment, energy efficiency, environmental
http://www.eswp.com
performance, condensers, fouling, power plants, industrial
systems, water quality, environmental regulation
rder_form.html
None
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Page 1458 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-62 Paper
Page 1459 of 5199 01/27/2018

Environmental
Performance in Cooling
Water Treatment
Beyond “Green AL NEBRIG, Southern Company Generation, Birmingham, AL
Technology”: Optimizing
Energy Efficiency and
Environmental
Performance in Cooling
Water Treatment
The Improvement of SHOJI AOKI, JUNICHI KANNO, HIDEO KAWAZU, Ebara Clean Environment Thermal stability of strongly acidic
Thermal Stability of Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; MAKOTO KOMATSU, Ebara Corporation, cation exchange fibrous materials
Strong-acid Cation Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan in water was investigated. Two
Exchange Filter and Their materials which are non-crosslink
Decomposition and crosslink type were tested.
Mechanism Non-crosslink type dramatically
decomposed and decreased its ion
exchange capacity, and eventually
large amount of polystyrene
sulfonate were leached out in
aqueous solution. On the other
hand, crosslink type material
scarcely decomposed. Dissolved
oxygen in water might play a great
part in the decomposition of graft
polymer chains.
The Improvement of GEORGE J. CRITS, WILLLIAM RUNYAN, Idreco USA, West Chester, PA
Thermal Stability of
Page 1460 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
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thermal stability, decomposition, strongly acidic cation

http://www.eswp.com
exchange fibrous material, crosslink, radiation induced graft
co-polymerization
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None
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Page 1461 of 5199 01/27/2018
IWC-09-63 Paper
IWC-09-64 Paper
Page 1462 of 5199 01/27/2018

Strong-acid Cation
Exchange Filter and Their
Decomposition
Mechanism
Selective Silica Removal PETER MEYERS, ResinTech, Inc., West Berlin, NJ Hydroxide form strong base anion
resins are well known to be
capable of removing silica, along
with other anions. Applications for
desilicizers have generally been
limited due to low capacity and
excessively high effluent pH. A
series of new hybrid exchangers is
able to remove silica preferentially
from neutral waters, without
increasing pH. The advent of a
true “silica selective” media offers
significant opportunities to improve
the efficiency and reduce operating
cost of silica sensitive processes
such as boilers, cooling towers and
membrane separations.
Selective Silica Removal LYLE KIRMAN, Tangent Company, LLC, Chagrin Falls, OH
Selective Removal of SHIRISH NAIK, SHARDUL KSHIRSAGAR, R. PARASHTEKAR, S KRISHNAN, Re-circulating cooling water in
Ammonia and Nitrate from KIRAN DESHPANDE, Thermax Ltd, Bhosari, Pune, India fertilizer and ammonia using
Cooling Tower Water by industries often has ingress of
Page 1463 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Silica, Silica Selective Hybrid, Silica Removal

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
Page 1464 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-41~4
Page 1465 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cooling Tower Water by industries often has ingress of
Functional Adsorbents ammonia causing wide pH
fluctuations. Nitrifying bacteria
further add to the problem causing
pH of the circulating water to
fluctuate in wide range of 3 to 9
causing corrosion and scaling in
heat exchangers. This paper
discusses a process of maintaining
right pH in re-circulating cooling
water by selectively removing
contaminants using a combination
of functional adsorbent & ion
exchange resins. A side stream
from re-circulating water is passed
through beds of adsorbents and
resins in parallel or in series
depending on the nature of
contaminant to maintain the pH of
system within expected range.
Selective Removal of ROBERT J. FERGUSON, French Creek Software, Inc., Kimberton, PA
Ammonia and Nitrate from
Cooling Tower Water by
Functional Adsorbents
Role of Bacteria in the Thomas, A. H.
Corrosion of Iron and Steel
Page 1466 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Biological Control, Corrosion Control - Steel

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1467 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-65 Paper
Page 1468 of 5199 01/27/2018

Application of New Boiler CHRISTINA FLEMING, JOHN OSTBERG, Nalco Company, Naperville, IL Challenging production demands
Scale and Corrosion inside the Power House are made
Control Automation even more so today by the volatile
Technology economic forces outside it. These
economic challenges require all
boiler house managers, engineers,
and operators to take a fresh look
at ways to reduce operating costs,
protect asset life, and improve
productivity. Recently, there have
been new developments in
automation technology for feed
water treatment monitoring and
control to help meet these
challenges. This paper discusses
our best practice for feed water
treatment automation technology
using solid-state fluorometer
monitoring, and a new device for
detecting and reacting to corrosion
stress conditions at feed water
system temperature and
pressures. Three case studies are
discussed covering the practical
application of this new technology
from low pressure manufacturing
Page 1469 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Fluorescence, Oxidation-Reduction Potential, ORP,
http://www.eswp.com
Automation, Scale, Corrosion, Boiler
rder_form.html
Page 1470 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-66 Report
IWC-09-67 Paper
Page 1471 of 5199 01/27/2018

from low pressure manufacturing
process boilers and university
central heating plants, to paper mill
applications
Application of New Boiler JOHN C. VOGT, Chemtreat, Inc, Glen Allen, VA
Scale and Corrosion
Control Automation
Technology
Evaluating On-Line High VICKIE G. OLSON, Honeywell Field Solutions, Atlanta, GA; JODIRAH GREEN, A unique flowing junction oxidation
Purity Water Oxidation Progress Energy Carolinas Inc., Roxboro, NC reduction potential, ORP, analyzer
Reduction Potential was evaluated on conditioned
Analysis for Boiler boiler feedwater in comparison
Feedwater Quality with traditional combination ORP,
dissolved oxygen and other
parameters. Two different fossil
plant boiler chemistries were
utilized in the evaluation.
Correlations were drawn between
ORP, dissolved oxygen, DO, and
hydrazine level to determine the
usefulness of this ORP analysis for
corrosion prediction and control.
Development of an On-line JEON SOO MOON, PYL YANG PARK, JAE KUEN LEE, Korea Electric Power An on-line corrosion product
Corrosion Product Research Institute, Daejoon, Korea monitoring system was developed
Monitoring System Using for the application in the steam
LIBD Technology generator systems of nuclear
power plants using Laser Induced
Page 1472 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
ORP, Boiler Feedwater, High Purity Water

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Nuclear Power Plant, Steam Generator, Final Feed Water,

http://www.eswp.com
Corrosion Products, Nd:YAG Pulsed Laser, Acoustic
Emission, Laser Induced Breakdown Detection
rder_form.html
Page 1473 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-68 Report
Page 1474 of 5199 01/27/2018

Breakdown Detection, LIBD,
technology. The breakdown events
cause acoustic emission from iron
oxide particles which can be
detected by photo-acoustic
spectroscopy, and a calibration
curve derived from. standard
solutons. The colloidal corrosion
product concentration of several
ppb levels could be accurately
measured within 5 minutes based
on the breakdown probability of
induced laser pulse events. The
results of field tests of the on-line
monitor on feedwater at four plants
gave results on average iron
concentrations between 0.28 to 14
ppb with higher peak values at
startup.,
Development of an On-line CLAUDE GAUTHIER, P.Eng., The Purolite Company (Canada), Paris, ON,
Corrosion Product Canada
Monitoring System Using
LIBD Technology
Advances in Analytical HAKAN GURLEYUK, RUSSELL GERARDS, Applied Speciation and Consulting, Many power plants are struggling
Techniques for Selenium LLC, Tukwila, WA to meet the stringent NPDES
Speciation Analysis and permit limits on selenium
Their Application for discharges from their waste
Page 1475 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Selenium, Selenium Speciation, Total Selenium, Hydride

http://www.eswp.com
Generation, ICP-MS, Flue Gas Desulfurization, FGD,
Dimethylselenide, Dimethyldiselenide
rder_form.html
Page 1476 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-69 Paper
Page 1477 of 5199 01/27/2018

Characterization of streams. While treatment of
Selenium in Wastewater selenium remains to be a
challenging task, different
analytical methods can generate
inaccurate results for total
selenium and selenium speciation
compounding the complexity of the
problem. Since important
treatment decisions are made
using accumulated analytical
results, the ramifications of
generating poor analytical data
cannot be understated
There is a Hurricane CHRISTOPHER VOTAVA, Cottonwood Energy, Deweyville, TX; J. C. Each year all Coastal Power
Coming - How Do I DROMGOOLE, Fort Bend Services, Stafford, TX Plants face the dilemma of a
Prepare my Power Plant? possible hurricane destroying their
facility. This paper discusses
lessons learned by Cottonwood
Energy in Deweyville. Texas, and
how advanced preparation and
planning resulted in the plant
surviving with minimum damage
despite a category 3 Hurricane
Rita, and a category 2 Hurricane
Ike.
There is a Hurricane ROGER W. LIGHT, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, TX
Coming - How Do I
Page 1478 of 5199 01/27/2018

None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
Page 1479 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-09-70 Paper
Page 1480 of 5199 01/27/2018

Prepare my Power Plant?
Optimizing Chemical ROBIN W. KLUCK, JAMES O. ROBINSON, GE Water and Process Effective chemical treatment of
Treatment of Condensate Technologies, Trevose, PA steam condensate is critical to
Systems in Industrial industrial plant operation, yet in
Plants - Tools, Methods, many plants condensate
and Strategies treatments continue to be widely
misunderstood, misapplied and
improperly monitored. This paper
provides a review of the variables
that influence condensate
treatment performance and offers
a suggested road map for
designing or optimizing a
condensate treatment and
monitoring program.
Optimizing Chemical ROBIN W. KLUCK, JAMES O. ROBINSON, GE Water and Process
Treatment of Condensate Technologies, Trevose, PA
Systems in Industrial
Plants - Tools, Methods,
and Strategies
Optimizing Chemical IRVIN J. COTTON, Arthur Freedman Associates, Newport, RI
Treatment of Condensate
Systems in Industrial
Plants - Tools, Methods,
and Strategies
Page 1481 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Condensate, Neutralizing Amine, Ammonia,
http://www.eswp.com
Hydroxylamine, Distribution Ratio, Carbonic Acid,
Dissolved Oxygen, Passivator
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
None
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1482 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-42~4
IWC-42~5
IWC-42~6
IWC-42~7
IWC-42~8
IWC-42~9
IWC-43~1
IWC-43~10
Page 1483 of 5199 01/27/2018

Protection Against Caustic Whirl, S. F., Purcell, T. E.
Embrittlement by
Coordinated Phosphate
pH Control
Slime Control in Cooling Holmes, J. A.
Equipment with Phenol
Derivatives
Effect of Water Conditions Tray, S. E.

on Condensers, Pumps
and Heat Exchangers
The Use and Application Darby, W. A.

of the Dorrco-Hydro-
Treator
Water Treating Equipment Applebaum, S. B.

for War Industries
Some Applications of the Lindsay, F. K.

Organic Ion Exchangers
Corrosion Control with Rice, O.

Calgon
Latest Developments in Miller, D.

Removal of Cations and
Page 1484 of 5199 01/27/2018

Analysis, Control and Monitoring Instrumentation, Boiler
http://www.eswp.com
Corrosion and Control,Boiler Deposit Control
rder_form.html
Biological Control, Cooling System Treatment

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Cooling System Treatment
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Miscellaneous
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
Page 1485 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-43~2
IWC-43~3
IWC-43~4
IWC-43~5
IWC-43~6
IWC-43~7
IWC-43~8
IWC-43~9
Page 1486 of 5199 01/27/2018

Anions from Water by
Demineralizing
Approval Testing of Naval Adams, R. C.
Deaerating Feedwater
Heaters
Conditions Leading to Griffin, A. E.

Anaerobic Corrosion
More Information Collins, L. F.

Concerning Corrosion in
Steam Heating Systems
Development in the Bays, C. A., Folk, S. H.

Application of Geophysics
to Ground Water Problems
Operating Experiences Embshoff, A. C.

with Accelerator Softeners
and Clarifiers
Catalytic Lime Soda Beohner, H. L.

Softening by the Spiractor
Experimental Studies of Holmes, J. A., Jacklin, C.

Boiler Scale at 800 PSI
Some Characteristics of Kemmer, F. N., Thompson, J.
Page 1487 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Deaeration
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Biological Control, Corrosion Control - General
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Corrosion Control - Aluminum, Corrosion Control - Copper
http://www.eswp.com
Alloy,Corrosion Control - Steel, Steam Purity
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Boiler Deposit Control
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
Page 1488 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-44~1
IWC-44~10
IWC-44~11
IWC-44~2
IWC-44~3
IWC-44~4
IWC-44~5
Page 1489 of 5199 01/27/2018

Acid Regenerated
Carbonaceous Zeolite
Dealkalizing by a Two- Shoemaker, M. J.

Zone Zeolite System
Ozone as a Water Rand, N. P.

Sterilizer
The Use of Silicates for Hay, H. R.

Coagulation
Recent Experiences in Gilwood, M. E., Calise, V. J.

Demineralizing Water
Removal of Ammonia by Griffin, A. E.

Chlorination
Once-Through and Kahier, H. L.

Recirculating Cooling
Water Studies
Cathodic Protection of Sudabin, L. P.

Steel Equipment
Submerged in Water
Page 1490 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Biological Control
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Miscellaneous
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Corrosion Control - Steel
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1491 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-44~6
IWC-44~7
IWC-44~8
IWC-44~9
IWC-45~1
IWC-45~10
IWC-45~11
Page 1492 of 5199 01/27/2018

Water Treatment at Kobuta, Pa., Stein, P. J.

Koppers United Company
Plant
Water Treating Problems Griffiths, E. M.

in Steel Mills
Water in the Paper Miller, L. B.

Industry
Lime and Limestone in Hoak, R. D., Jewis, C. J.,Hodge, W. W.

Waste Pickle Liquor
Treatment

Demineralization of Water Manring, W. E.

by Ion Exchange
Some Thompson, R. B.
Fundamental~Factors and
the Design and Operation
of Ion Exchange
Installations
Page 1493 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1494 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-45~2
IWC-45~3
IWC-45~4
IWC-45~5
IWC-45~6
IWC-45~7
IWC-45~8
IWC-45~9
Page 1495 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Evaluation of Data Kendall, V. V.
German Power Plant Cerna, W. W.

Water Conditioning
Systems
The Behavior of Highly Kaufman, C. E., Marcy, V. M.,Trautman, W. H.

Concentrated Boiler Water
Cold Water Vacuum Powell, S. T.

Deaeration
Treatment and Preparation Habbart, W. S.

of Water in Rayon Textile
Mills
Construction and Charles, J. R.

Maintenance of Water
Wells
Diatomaceous Earth Hollberg, H. E., Armbrust, H. N.

Filtration
Electrolytic Water Briggs, R. E.

Softening for Industrial
Purposes
Page 1496 of 5199 01/27/2018

Analysis, Control and Monitoring Instrumentation
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Boiler Corrosion and Control, Cooling System Treatment
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Deaeration
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Water Resource Management
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Filtration
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1497 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-46~1
IWC-46~10
IWC-46~11
IWC-46~12
IWC-46~13
IWC-46~2
IWC-46~3
IWC-46~4
Page 1498 of 5199 01/27/2018

German Power Plant Cerna, W. W.

Steam Generators and
Water Conditioning
Systems
Clarification of Industrial Hay, H. R.
Wastes and Wasted
Efforts
Current Trends in the Hauck, C. F.

Reuse of Water
Applications of Ion Shoemaker, M. J.

Exchange
Ion Exchange in the Mindler, A. B., Gilwood, M. E.

Treatment of Wastes
An Endpoint Indicator for Ulmer, R. C.

Determining Dissolved
Oxygen in Water
Improvement of Steam Jacoby, A. L., Thompson, W. H.

Quality
Investigation of Carryover Place, P. B.
Page 1499 of 5199 01/27/2018

rder_form.html
Boiler Corrosion and Control, Boiler Deposit Control
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Water Reuse
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange, Wastewater Treatment
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Steam Purity
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Steam Purity
Page 1500 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-46~5
IWC-46~6
IWC-46~7
IWC-46~8
IWC-46~9
IWC-47~01~D1
IWC-47~01~D2
Page 1501 of 5199 01/27/2018

Problems and
Identification of Types
Silica Deposits in Steam Owens, F. R.

Turbines Resulting from
Softening of Makeup
Through Natural Zeolite
A Method of Removing Forty, D.
Silica from Turbine Blades
Symposium on Silica Jukkola, W. W., Thompson, R. B.

Removal by Ion Exchange
Effects of Gases in Water Larson, T. E.
Iron and Manganese Applebaum, S. B.

Removal
Prepared Discussion: Davis, Raymond

Experience with Acid
Cleaning of Steam Boilers
Prepared Discussion: Cardwell, P. H.
Page 1502 of 5199 01/27/2018

http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange, Steam Purity
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Turbine Deposits
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Ion Exchange
http://www.eswp.com
rder_form.html
Page 1503 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-47~01~D3
IWC-47~01~D4
IWC-47~01~D5
IWC-47~02~D1
IWC-47~02~D2
IWC-47~02~D3
IWC-47~02~D4
IWC-47~03~D1
Page 1504 of 5199 01/27/2018

Prepared Discussion: LaMotte, W. R.
Prepared Discussion: Dick, I. B.
Floor Discussion:
Prepared Discussion: Webb, W. L.
Removal of Silica Deposits
from Steam Turbines by
Caustic Soda
Prepared Discussion: Knowlton, P. H.
Caustic Soda
Prepared Discussion: Adkins, Selden K.
Caustic Soda
Floor Discussion: Removal
of Silica Deposits from
Steam Turbines by
Caustic Soda
Prepared Discussion: The Wirth, L. R., Rinn, H. W.,Brines, M. E.
Use of X-Rays in Steam
Page 1505 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1506 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-47~03~D2
IWC-47~03~D3
IWC-47~03~D4
IWC-47~04~D1
IWC-47~04~D2
IWC-47~04~D3
IWC-47~05~D1
Page 1507 of 5199 01/27/2018

Power Problems
Prepared Discussion: The Scott, R. K.
Power Problems
Prepared Discussion: The Corey, Richard C.
Power Problems
Floor Discussion: The Use
of X-Rays in Steam Power
Problems
Prepared Disussion: The DeLong, R. F.
Biological Reactions of
Polluted Water on Copper-
Bearing Alloys
Prepared Discussion: The Dobson, J. G.
Bearing Alloys
Floor Disussion: The
Bearing Alloys
Prepared Discussion: Campobasso, J. J.
Treatment of Brackish
Water for Boiler Feed
Page 1508 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1509 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-47~05~D2
IWC-47~05~D3
IWC-47~05~D4
IWC-47~06~D1
IWC-47~06~D2
IWC-47~06~D3
IWC-47~06~D4
IWC-47~07~D1
Page 1510 of 5199 01/27/2018

Prepared Discussion: Adams, R. C.
Prepared Discussion: Powell, S. T.
Floor Discussion:
Prepared Discussion: Ulmer, R. C., Neat, F.U.
Method of Oxygen
Determination in Boiler
Feed Water
Prepared Discussion: Adams, R. C.
Method of Oxygen
Feed Water
Prepared Discussion: Daugherty, T. H.
Method of Oxygen
Feed Water
Floor Discussion: Method
of Oxygen Determination
in Boiler Feed Water
Prepared Discussion: Sussman, S.
Some Practical Aspects of
Deionization
Page 1511 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1512 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-47~07~D2
IWC-47~07~D3
IWC-47~07~D4
IWC-47~07~D5
IWC-47~08~D1
IWC-47~08~D2
IWC-47~08~D3
IWC-47~08~D4
IWC-47~1
Page 1513 of 5199 01/27/2018

Deionization
Prepared Discussion: Wilkes, J. F.

Deionization
Prepared Discussion: Mueller, H. M.
Deionization
Prepared Discussion: Kahler, F. H.
Deionization
Floor Discussion: Some
Practical Aspects of
Deionization
Prepared Discussion: Goetz, P. C.
Silica Removal by Means
of Ion Exchange Resins
Prepared Discussion: Sussman, S.
Prepared Discussion: Anderson, J. W.
Floor Discussion: Silica
Removal by Means of Ion
Exchange Resins
Experience with Acid Adkins, Selden K..
Page 1514 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1515 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-47~10
IWC-47~12~D1
IWC-47~12~D2
IWC-47~12~D3
IWC-47~12~D4
IWC-47~12~D5
IWC-47~13
IWC-47~13~D1
IWC-47~13~D2
Page 1516 of 5199 01/27/2018

Operating Results at Silica Gilwood, M. E.

Removal Installations
Prepared Discussion: Beohner, H. L.
Liquid Chemical Feed
Systems
Prepared Discussion: Horlacher, G. A.
Systems
Prepared Discussion: McKeown, M. C.
Systems
Prepared Discussion: Embshoff, A. C.
Systems
Floor Discussion: Liquid
Chemical Feed Systems
Automatic Control in Greer, W. N.
Corrective Water
Treatment
Prepared Discussion: Saunders, D. J.
Automatic Control in
Corrective Water
Treatment
Prepared Discussion: McKinney, D. S.
Page 1517 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1518 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-47~13~D3
IWC-47~13~D4
IWC-47~14
IWC-47~15
IWC-47~15~D1
IWC-47~15~D2
IWC-47~15~D3
IWC-47~16
Page 1519 of 5199 01/27/2018

Corrective Water
Treatment
Prepared Discussion: Moore, C. S.
Corrective Water
Treatment
Floor Discussion:
Corrective Water
Treatment
Pennsylvania's Stream Morgan, L. S.
Pollution Program
Engineering for Industrial Rohlich, G. A.
Waste Treatment
Prepared Discussion: Bloodgood, Don E.
Engineering for Industrial
Waste Treatment
Prepared Discussion: Betz, L. D.
Waste Treatment
Floor Discussion:
Waste Treatment
How Troublesome Waste Embshoff, A. C.
Water Problems Were
Solved
Page 1520 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1521 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-47~16~D1
IWC-47~16~D2
IWC-47~16~D3
IWC-47~2
IWC-47~3
IWC-47~4
IWC-47~5
IWC-47~6
IWC-47~7
IWC-47~8
Page 1522 of 5199 01/27/2018

Prepared Discussion: How Herndon, L. K.
Troublesome Waste Water
Problems Were Solved
Prepared Discussion: How Hodges, W. W.
Floor Discussion: How
Removal of Silica Deposits Dick, I. B.
Caustic Soda
The Use of X-Rays in Burkardt, Lohr. A.
Steam Power Problems
The Biological Reactions Evans, C. O.
of Polluted Water on
Copper-Bearing Alloys
Treatment of Brackish Elliot, O. M.
Method of Oxygen McDermet, J. R.
Feed Water
Some Practical Aspects of Thompson, J., McGarvey, F. X.
Deionization
Silica Removal by Means Alm, A. V.
Page 1523 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 1524 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-47~9
IWC-48~1
IWC-48~10
IWC-48~11
IWC-48~12
IWC-48~2
IWC-48~3
IWC-48~4
Page 1525 of 5199 01/27/2018

Field Performances Rooke, D. L., Morrison, W. S.
(Progress reports)
Deionization Water Plant
Use of Organic Cation Aultman, W. W., Bowers, A. E.
Exchanger for Municipal
Water Softening
The Coagulation of Weston, R. F., Merman, R. G.,DeMann, J. G.

Refinery Wastes Using
Twin Pilot Plant Units
Circulating Water Hill, J. C.

Treatment Practice
Recent Developments in Martin, R. B.

Chlorination and
Equipment of Power
Plants
Cation Exchangers - Gilwood, M. E., Calmon, C.
Operation on the
Hydrogen Cycle
Properties and Calise, V. J., Lindsay, F. K.,Kahler, F. H., Rhinehart, J. R.,Lewis, W. J.

Applications of the Newer
Type Zeolites
Trends in Modern Applebaum, S. B.

Feedwater Conditioning
Equipment
Page 1526 of 5199 01/27/2018

Ion Exchange, Public Water Supply

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Page 1527 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-48~5
IWC-48~6
IWC-48~7
IWC-48~8
IWC-48~9
IWC-49~1
IWC-49~10
Page 1528 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Sludge Blanket Hot Yoder, J. D.

Process Softener
Precision Control of Boiler- Hall, R. E.

Water Conditions
Panel Discussion of Power Donworth, R. B.

Station Design as Related
to Boiler Feed Water
DegasifIcation
Progress in the Treatment Hodge, W. W.
of Pulp and Paper Mill
Waste
Pre-Treatment of Paper Darby, W. A., Kivell, W. A.

Mill Water Supplies
Water Problems in the Thompson, W. L.

Starting of the Mitchell
Power Plant of the West
Penn Power Company
Industrial Approach Jacobs, H. L.
Towards Waste Treatment
and Stream Pollution
Abatement
Page 1529 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-49~11
IWC-49~12
IWC-49~13
IWC-49~2
IWC-49~3
IWC-49~4
IWC-49~5
IWC-49~6
Page 1531 of 5199 01/27/2018

Abatement
Industrial Wastes Herndon, L. K.
Chemical Quality of White, W. F.

Industrial Surface Waters
of Pennsylvania
Chemical Feed Systems Lowe, R. P.
The Problems of Frisch, M., Lorenzini, R. A.

Generating Pure Steam at
High Pressures
Deaerating Feed Water Kuhn, E. B.

Heater Problems
Deaerating Feed Water Jones, A. L.

Heaters - Spray Type vs.
Tray Type
Demineralization Wirth, L., Jr.

Operations at the Dow
Chemical Company
Operations of the Ion- Pettyjohn, A. R.

Exchange Water Treating
Page 1532 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-49~7
IWC-49~8
IWC-49~9
IWC-50~1
IWC-50~10
IWC-50~11
IWC-50~2
Page 1534 of 5199 01/27/2018

Plant at Texas City, Texas
Operating Results from Calise, V. J.

Resinous Zeolite
Installations
Bacteriology in Connection Mallmann, W. L., Churchill, E. S.

with Base Exchange
Water
New Polar Film Treatment Kahler, H. L., Brown, J. K.

for the Control of Return
Line Corrosion
The Dianodic Method for Kahler, H. L., George, C.,Betz, W. H., Betz, L. D.
the Protection of Metals
Against Pitting and
Tuberculation
Hot Lime Treatment Applebaum, S. B.
Followed by Sodium
Zeolite
Evaporator Feedwater Denton, J. R.

Treatment at Sewaren
Generating Station
Electroplating Waste Rice, J. K.

Disposal at the
Westinghouse Electric
Page 1535 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Clarification and Contact Softening, Ion Exchange

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Distillation, Ion Exchange
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IWC-50~3
IWC-50~4
IWC-50~5
IWC-50~6
IWC-50~7
IWC-50~8
IWC-50~9
Page 1537 of 5199 01/27/2018

Corporation Beaver Plant
Separation of Oil-Water Kominek, E. G.

Waste
High Pressure Boiler Calise, V. J.

Feedwater Treatment,
Evaporation vs.
Demineralizing and Silica
Removal
Vapor Purity to Be Buchanan, R. M., Pace, A. A.
Expected
The Sampling of Steam for Cross, B. J.

the Determination of Purity
Economic Comparison of Kneen, T. B., Kountz, R. R.

Methods of Control of
Carbon Dioxide in Steam
Condensate
Initial Report of Operating Morrison, W. S., Kahler, F. H.

Data from Industrial Mixed
Bed Deionizing Units
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Boiler Corrosion and Control, Steam Purity

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Analysis, Control and Monitoring Instrumentation, Steam
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Steam Purity
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Page 1539 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-51~1
IWC-51~10
IWC-51~11
IWC-51~12
IWC-51~13
IWC-51~14
IWC-51~15
IWC-51~16
Page 1540 of 5199 01/27/2018

An Inspection Report After Butler, W. S.

Eighteen Months with Hot
Lime Zeolite
Corrosion Resulting from Morris, E. B.

Chemical Cleaning
Process
After-Deposits Resulting Cardwell, P. H.

from the Chemical
Cleaning Process
Safety During Chemical Thielke, H. J.

Cleaning Process
Phosphoric vs. Tash, J. A.

Hydrochloric Acid in Boiler
Cleaning
Removal of Copper from Andres, R. F.

Boilers
Inhibitor Effectiveness at Walker, G. C.

Elevated Temperatures
The Application of Sodium Stericker, W.

Silicates as Corrosion
Page 1541 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Chemical Cleaning
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IWC-51~17
IWC-51~18
IWC-51~19
IWC-51~2
IWC-51~20
IWC-51~3
IWC-51~4
Page 1543 of 5199 01/27/2018

Silicates as Corrosion
Inhibitors
Silica Removal Gilwood, M. E., Calmon, C.,Greer, A. H.

Characteristics of Highly
Basic Exchangers
Concentrating Films: Their Rivers, H. M.

Role in Boiler Scale and
Corrosion Problems
Cause and Control of Iron Ulmer, R. C., Whitney, J. H.

Oxide Deposits in High
Pressure Boilers
Factors in Evaporator O’Rourke, J. T.

Vapor Purity Testing
The Use of Galvanic Humble, H. A.

Magnesium Anodes for
Corrosion Prevention
Compression Distillation Elliott, O. M.
Feedwater Treatment Wilkes, J. F., Welch, E. M.

Requirements for
Packaged Steam
Generators
Page 1544 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-51~5
IWC-51~6
IWC-51~7
IWC-51~8
IWC-51~9
IWC-52~1
IWC-52~10
IWC-52~11
Page 1546 of 5199 01/27/2018

Steam Testing for Neat, F. U.
Operating Control Can Be
Simple
Alkali Boil-Out of Boilers Pirsh, E. A.
Should New Boilers Be Dick, I. B.

Acid Cleaned?
Advantages of Chemical Guy, A. M.

Cleaning of Serviced
Boilers
Procedures for Chemical Elliott, W. R.

Cleaning of Boilers
Experiences with Chloride Applebaum, S. B.

Anion Exchangers for
Reducing Alkalinity
Without Acid
A Review of Testing Rice, J. K.
Techniques in Cooling
Tower Waters
Effect of Operating Maguire, J. J., Winston, R. E.,Betz, W. H., Betz, L. D.

Pressure on Carbon
Page 1547 of 5199 01/27/2018

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System Treatment
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Page 1548 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-52~12
IWC-52~13
IWC-52~2
IWC-52~3
IWC-52~4
IWC-52~5
IWC-52~6
Page 1549 of 5199 01/27/2018

Dioxide Content of Steam
Control of Resinous Andrews, W. L.

Materials in Low Pressure
Boiler Feedwaters
Removal of Oil from Bell, G. R.

Condensate by Diatomite
Filtration
Experiences with Calise, V. J.

Application of Deaerating
Heaters to Industrial and
Utility Feedwater Cycles
Deionization vs. Hoppe, T. C., Russell, R. A.
Evaporation of Hard Water
Supplies for Boiler Make-
up
Advances in Process and Griffin, A. E.
Application of Metallic Stone, W. J.

Phosphates to Cooling
Treatment Water
The Effect of Circulating Hill, J. S.

Water on Wood in Cooling
Towers
Page 1550 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Filtration
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IWC-52~7
IWC-52~8
IWC-52~9
IWC-53~1
IWC-53~10
IWC-53~11
Page 1552 of 5199 01/27/2018

Bacteria Growths and Wise, R. S.
Their Control
Depositions and Their Illig, G.

Control in Cooling Towers
Corrosion and Its Control Wilkes, J. F.
Development of Water Zepfler, L. H., Hill, J. C.

Treating at Refineries of
Esso Standard Oil
Company and Affiliates
Comparison of the Action Straub, F. G.
of Ammonia, Amines, and
Hydrazine in Reducing
Metal Pick Up in the
Condensate and
Feedwater Systems of
Closed Cycle Steam
Power Plants
The Use of Ristroph, J. D.
Cyclohexylamine for pH
Control of Condensate and
Feedwater
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IWC-53~12
IWC-53~13
IWC-53~14
IWC-53~15
IWC-53~16
IWC-53~17
IWC-53~2
IWC-53~3
Page 1555 of 5199 01/27/2018

Experiences with Jacobs, E. L., Thompson, W. L.
Ammonia and
Cyclohexylamine at the
Springdale and Mitchell
Power Stations
Precautions in the Use of Yorkgitis, E. A.
Ammonia and Amines
Analytical Methods for pH, Andres, R. F.

Iron and Copper
Steam Purity Observations Lane, R. W., Larson, T. E.,Pankey, J. W.

at Institutional Power
Plants
Recent Advances in Cardwell, P. H.

Chemical Cleaning
Gadgets: Their Practical Welder B. Q., Partridge, E. P.

Performance in Water
Conditioning
Filter Aid Filtration of Bell, G. R.

Water
Mixed Bed Deionization Morrison, W. S.
Page 1556 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 1557 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-53~4
IWC-53~5
IWC-53~6
IWC-53~7
IWC-53~8
IWC-53~9
IWC-54~1
Page 1558 of 5199 01/27/2018

Experiences with Scharnberg, L. N., Lynch, E. F.

Corrosion and Deposition
Control for Cooling Tower
Systems in an Oil Refinery
Metal Failures Johnson, E. G., Walker, A. O.
Encountered in the Water
Treatment Industry
Factors Influencing Metal Adkins, S. K.

Loss in Condensate and
Feedwater Systems
Iron and Copper Deposits Ulmer, R. C.

in Boilers
Corrosion in the Moisture Bigger, T. W., Quinlan, J. F.,Carson, C. C.

Region of Large Steam
Turbines
Discussion of the Effect of Archibald, F. L.

Sulfite Treatment of Boiler
Water on Condensate pH
Industrial Water Supplies Love, S. K.

of the United States
Page 1559 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-54~10
IWC-54~11
IWC-54~12
IWC-54~13
IWC-54~14
IWC-54~15
IWC-54~16
IWC-54~17
Page 1561 of 5199 01/27/2018

Experience with Monobed Dick, I. B.
Demineralization for Water
Treatment for High
Pressure Make-up Boilers
Waterside Studies in Obrecht, M.F., Bickel, H. H.,Wilkes, J. F.
Experimental High
Pressure Laboratory Boiler
Quality Requirements and Farmer, H. C., Burgess, V. B.

Sources of Water Supplies
to the Units {Ion
Exchangers}
Break-through or Leakage Brines, M. E.
Problems with Specific
Pieces of Equipment
Demineralizer Regenerant Harding, T. P.

Handling Problems
Control Problems, Sargent, J. K.

Automatic, Semi-Manual,
Interlocks and Limits
Check Systems
Handling Final Effluent, Guy, A. M.
Deaerators, Pipe and Tank
Linings
Effect of Drought Springman, C. J.
Page 1562 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Corrosion Control - Steel, Ion Exchange

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IWC-54~18
IWC-54~19
IWC-54~2
IWC-54~20
IWC-54~21
IWC-54~22
Page 1564 of 5199 01/27/2018

Delaware River Water
Conditions on
Demineralizing Plant
Operations
Factors Influencing the Carmichael, D. C.
Design of Interface Grids
for Mixed Bed
Demineralizers
Hot Process Hot Zeolite Katzenmeyer, J. F., Lane, M.
Treatment in a Steel Mill
Legal Aspects of the Clean Trace, R. J.

Stream Program
Factors Entering Into the Pankey, T. L., Hansell, H. F.

Selection of a Water
Treating Facility for a
Large Mid-Western Steel
Mill
Water Corrosion of Roebuck, A. H.
Structural Materials
A New Approach in Kahler, H. L., George, C.,Betz, W. H., Betz, C. D.

Corrosion Prevention for
Cooling Water Systems
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Corrosion Control - Copper Alloy, Corrosion Control - Steel

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Page 1566 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-54~3
IWC-54~4
IWC-54~5
IWC-54~6
IWC-54~7
IWC-54~8
IWC-54~9
IWC-55~1
Page 1567 of 5199 01/27/2018

Industrial Wastes in Reda, H. H.
General
Coal Mine Drainage Hebley, H. F.
Steel Mill and Coke By- Hodge, W. W.

Product Wastes
Textile Wastes Cook, L. B.
Oil Refinery Wastes Rice, J. K.
Pulp and Paper Mill Jackson, D. T.

Wastes
Metal Finishing Wastes McElhaney, H. W.
Spectrographic Analysis Heiskell, T. W.

Concerning the Monitoring
of Steam Quality
Page 1568 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Purity
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Page 1569 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-55~10
IWC-55~11
IWC-55~2
IWC-55~3
IWC-55~4
IWC-55~5
IWC-55~6
IWC-55~7
Page 1570 of 5199 01/27/2018

Selection of the Coagulant Lane, M.
Use of Coagulant Aids Rice, J. K.
Effect of Several Mineral Rosene, R. B., Engle, J. P.,Floyd, G. L.

Acids on Stainless Steel
Equipment
Chloride Stress Corrosion Hunter, J. R.

of Stainless Steels
Experiences with Sub- Calise, V. J.
Surface Washers in
Demineralizers, Zeolites
and Filters
Iron and Manganese Applebaum, S. B.
Removal
Important Variables in Rivers, H. M.

Water Quality Affecting
Cold Process Clarification
Effect of Sludge Yoder J. D.

Recirculation
Page 1571 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 1572 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-55~8
IWC-55~9
IWC-56~1
IWC-56~10
IWC-56~11
IWC-56~12
IWC-56~2
Page 1573 of 5199 01/27/2018

Effect of Operating Rise Kalinske, A. A.

Rate
Comparison of High Rate Moore, C. S.

Units with Conventional
Sedimentation Basin
Types
Cooling Water Treatment Clarke, F. E.
for Naval Diesel Engines
Experiences with Turner Losee, L. B.

Scale Thickness Indicator
The Present Status of Katz, W.

Electric Membrane
Demineralization
Water Treatment for Chase, E. E.

Monochrome Television
Picture Tube
Manufacturing
Automation of Water Coleman, P. H.
Treating Equipment
Page 1574 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Clarification and Contact Softening,Ion Exchange
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Page 1575 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-56~3
IWC-56~4
IWC-56~5
IWC-56~6
IWC-56~7
IWC-56~8
IWC-56~9
IWC-57~1
Page 1576 of 5199 01/27/2018

Polymeric Coagulants for Kirkconnell, R. W.
Clarification of Turbid
Waters
Coolant Technology in Cohen, P.

Pressurized Water
Reactors
Mixed Bed Demineralizer Brush, G. W., Applebaum, S. B.,Angele, G. J.

Operations
Instrumentation for the Pirsh, E. A., Raynor, F. G.

Determination of Steam
Purity
Steam Quality Rice, J. K.

Measurements by Flame
Photometer
Inspection of Nonmagnetic Neat, F. U.

Tubing in Corrosive
Service by the Probolog
Method
Non-Destructive Thickness Alquist, F. N., Guy, A. M.
Measurements of Boiler
Deposits
New Reins for an Old Wessing, W., Skerrett, J. C.

Horse {Contact Softening}
Page 1577 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Nuclear Power Water Technology
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IWC-57~10
IWC-57~11
IWC-57~12
IWC-57~13
IWC-57~14
IWC-57~15
IWC-57~16
Page 1579 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reduction of Water Whitlow, F. P.

Losses by Retardation of
Evaporation
Sewage Plant Effluent as Levy, D.

an Industrial Water Supply
Selection of Tube Material Caruso, L.

Best Suited for Water
Conditions
Corrosion Phenomena in Nole, V. F.

Condenser Tubes with
Particular Reference to
Copper Alloys
Effect of Grain Size on Tracey, A. W.
Corrosion of Copper Alloy
Condenser Tubes
Effect of Velocity of Acid Engle, J. P., Reich, C. F.,Shoults, A. C.

Water on Condenser Tube
Corrosion
Effects of Ammonia and Presley, M.

Some Amines on Stress
Corrosion Cracking of
Copper Alloy Condenser
Page 1580 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-57~17
IWC-57~18
IWC-57~19
IWC-57~2
IWC-57~20
IWC-57~21
IWC-57~22
Page 1582 of 5199 01/27/2018

Tubes
Welding of Copper Alloy Hawthorne, L. H.

Condenser Tubes
How About Aluminum Verink, E. D., Rucker, J. D.

Condenser Tubes?
Factors Involved in Overall Hall, R. V.

Heat Transfer of
Condenser Tubes
The Penetron for Internal Decker, J. M.

Inspection of Boiler Tubes
Effect of Condenser Nelson, M. A.

Design and Fabrication on
Condenser Tube Life
The Water Treatment Eigner, F. M.

Problems of the Santa
Susana Experimental
Station, Southern
California Edison Co.
Coolant Technology at the Medin, A. L.
Army Package Power
Reactor
Page 1583 of 5199 01/27/2018


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IWC-57~23
IWC-57~24
IWC-57~25
IWC-57~3
IWC-57~4
IWC-57~5
IWC-57~6
IWC-57~7
Page 1585 of 5199 01/27/2018

Experiences Gained in Burrock, R. J., Jacklin, C.
Demineralizer Pilot Plant
Operation
Demineralizing Pilot Plant Farmer, H. C., Burgess, V. B.

Studies at the Eddystone
Station
Water Treatment Pilot Smith, R. I.

Plant at Linden Generating
Station
Audigage Inspection of Minder, J. W.

Boiler Tubes
Boiler Tube Inspection Holliday, R. L.

with Ultrasonic Resonance
Instruments
The Immerscope, McMaster, R. C.

Ultrasonic Testing for
Boiler Tube Corrosion
Turner Scale Thickness Guy, A. M.

Indicator
The Metroscope as an Aid Born, J. H.

in Evaluating the Internal
Conditions of Steam
Page 1586 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-57~8
IWC-57~9
IWC-58~1
IWC-58~10
IWC-58~11
IWC-58~12
IWC-58~13
IWC-58~14
Page 1588 of 5199 01/27/2018

Generators
Remote Thermal Detection Goldberg, A. E.

Techniques
The Borescope Baker, M. D.
Problems in the Use of Tarman, J. E., Richards, J. H.

Sewage Plant Effluent for
Boiler and Cooling
Purposes
Handling and Feeding Dry Wilkes, J. F.
Chemicals to Clarifying
and Softening Equipment
Field Testing of Ion Kunin, R., Frisch, N. W.,McGarvey, F. X.

Exchange Resins
Developments in the Wirth, L. F., Jr., Fradkin, A. M.

Understanding of Ion
Exchange
Operating Experiences Kingsbury, A. W., Phillips, E. L.,Kneale, J. S.

with Automatic Valveless
Gravity Filters
Russian and Eastern Calise, V. J., Homer, W. A.
Page 1589 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-58~2
IWC-58~3
IWC-58~4
IWC-58~5
IWC-58~6
IWC-58~7
IWC-58~8
Page 1591 of 5199 01/27/2018

European Water
Treatment Practices
Water Treatment for Poly- Hurst, E. H.

Metallic Cooling Systems
Design of Test Systems Obrecht, M. F., Quill, L. L.

for Studying the Corrosion
of Copper and Copper
Alloys by Various Types of
Water
Experiences with the High Dick, I. B., Silliman, P. L.
Rate of Flow
Demineralization
Special Operating and Frazer, H. W.

Regenerating Techniques
for Ion Exchange
Handling and Feeding Harding, T. P.

Acid to Demineralizers
Handling and Feeding St. John, I. S.

Caustic Soda to
Demineralizers
Disposal of Water Paulson, E. G.
Page 1592 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment,Corrosion Control - General
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IWC-58~9
IWC-59~1
IWC-59~10
IWC-59~11
IWC-59~12
IWC-59~13
IWC-59~14
Page 1594 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment Wastes
Handling and Feeding Starry, J. E.

Chemical Solutions to
Clarifying and Softening
Equipment
Twenty Years of Progress Morrison, W. S.
in Ion Exchange
Stress-Corrosion Cracking Tracy, A. W.

of Copper-Base Alloys
The Function and Design Gruber, M. V.

of Industrial Cooling
Towers
Classification of Cooling Shema, B. F.

Tower Wood Deterioration
Inspecting Cooling Towers Baker, D. R.

for Wood Deterioration
Certification of Redwood Dost, W. A.

and Effect of Oxidizing
Agents on Redwood in
Page 1595 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-59~15
IWC-59~16
IWC-59~17
IWC-59~18
IWC-59~19
IWC-59~2
IWC-59~3
Page 1597 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cooling Tower Service
Report on Field Wood Willa, J. L.

Preservation Studies
Five Years Weak Base Sargent, J. K., Bowman, G. A.

Anion Resin Experiences
on the Ohio River
Organic Fouling in Anion Rice, J. K., Simon, D. E.

Exchange
Water Treating in Saudi Whitney, J. H.

Arabia
Treatment of Cooling Himsley, A.

Waters in England
Experience with the Use of Long, E. R.

Stainless Steel Condenser
Tubes at the Rivesville
Station
Design Consideration and Strahlendorff, E. A
Operating Experiences in
Clarification of High Color -
Low Turbidity Waters
Page 1598 of 5199 01/27/2018


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IWC-59~4
IWC-59~5
IWC-59~6
IWC-59~7
IWC-59~8
IWC-59~9
IWC-60~1
IWC-60~10
Page 1600 of 5199 01/27/2018

Experience in Clarification Wise, C. T.
of High Color, Low Solids
Surface Water
The General Aspects of Harwood, J. J.

Stress Corrosion Cracking
Stress Corrosion of Phelps, E. H.

Ferrous Materials (Other
Than Austenitic Stainless
Steel)
Stress Corrosion of Renshaw, W. G.
Austenitic Stainless Steels
Resistance of Aluminum Binger, W. W.

Alloys to Stress Corrosion
Stress Corrosion of Nickel Friend, W. Z.

Alloys
The Survey of Steel Bloom, M. C.

Corrosion Mechanisms
Pertinent to Steam Power
Generation
The Performance of Downing, D., Kunin, R.
Amberlite 200: A New
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IWC-60~11
IWC-60~12
IWC-60~13
IWC-60~14
IWC-60~15
IWC-60~16
IWC-60~17
Page 1603 of 5199 01/27/2018

Highly Stable Sulfonic Acid
Cation Exchange Resin
Recovery and Treatment Hesler, J. C.

of Metal-Finishing Wastes
by Ion-Exchange
Processes
A Report of Work Done by Horton, R. K.
the Ohio River Valley
Sanitation Commission
Effects of the Discharge of Hatfield, H. F.

Warm Water to Rivers
Industrial Waste Garland, C. F.

Treatment by the
Completely-Mixed
Activated Sludge Process
Design and Operation of Cross, J. R.
the Treated Water System
in a 60,000 BPD
Integrated Refinery
Water Treating Practices Schaeffer, C. A.
and Experiences in
Petroleum Refining
Water Treatment Vyhnalek, H. J., Banks, C. D.

Experiences During the
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IWC-60~18
IWC-60~2
IWC-60~3
IWC-60~4
IWC-60~5
IWC-60~6
IWC-60~7
Page 1606 of 5199 01/27/2018

Startup and Initial
Operation of the Avon
Supercritical Unit
Chemical Cleaning of Obrecht, M. F., Kremer, R. J.,Sisson, A. B., Reid, E. C.
Boiling Water Reactor and
Steam-Water System at
the Dresden Nuclear
Power Station
Pretreatment Key to Puckorius, P. R.
Effective Production of
Chemical Cleaning of Statler, C. W.

Boiler and Pre-Boiler
Cycle - Shawville Station
The Problem {Chemical Whirl, S. F.

Cleaning}
Alkaline Cleaning of New Pace, A. A.

High Pressure Main Units
Prior to Initial Startup
An Experience in the Use Garner, R. L.

of Filming Amines for
Feedwater System
Cleaning
European Experience in Astrand, L.
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IWC-60~8
IWC-60~9
IWC-61~1
IWC-61~10
IWC-61~11
Page 1609 of 5199 01/27/2018

Complete Power Station
Pre-Service Cleaning
The Mechanical Caskey, P. H.

Development of Ion
Exchange
The Place of External Calise, V. J., Spillane, D. M.

Regeneration in the
Design of High Rate
Condensate Scavenging
Systems
Experiences in Detection Spurney, P. M., Meyer, S. O.
of Minute Amounts of
Boiler Water Carryover
Using a Portable,
Continuous Recording
Sodium Tracer Apparatus
Removal of Dissolved Abrams, I. M., Breslin, R. P.
Oxygen from Water -
Laboratory Evaluation of
Various Adsorption
Methods
Wallace & Tiernan Bach, C. R.
Continuous Dissolved-
Oxygen Analyzer
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IWC-61~12
IWC-61~13
IWC-61~14
IWC-61~2
IWC-61~3
IWC-61~4
IWC-61~5
Page 1612 of 5199 01/27/2018

Ion Exchange Acid-Alkali Crits, G. J., McKeown, M. C.
Neutralizer for
Demineralizer
Regeneration Waste
Water
Coagulant Coatings Open Bell, G. R.
New Applications to Filter
Aids
Zeta Potential Control Riddick, T. M.
Investigations of Kerst, H., Dalbke, R. G.

Polyphosphates as
Corrosion Inhibitors in
Cooling Tower Regutti, C. W., Power, T. H.
Preservation by Steam
Sterilization and Chemical
Distillation
Chemical Cleaning with Carroll, D. B., Engle, J. P.,Eddington, C. L.
Foamed Solvents
Chemical Removal of Alfano, A., Bell, W. E.

Magnetite and Copper
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IWC-61~6
IWC-61~7
IWC-61~8
IWC-61~9
IWC-62~10
IWC-62~11
IWC-62~12
IWC-62~14
Page 1615 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chemical Cleaning of Rose, S. M., Ashton, W. F.
Boilers and Auxiliaries by
the Sumco Hi-Flo Method
Demineralizing Richardson, W., Driscoll, E. D.

Experiences at
Pennsylvania Power
Company
Condensate Filtration Quinlan, J. J.
Equipment Design -and
Operating Results in
Central Power Plants
Operating Data on High Frazer, H. W.
Flow Rate Condensate
Polishing Without Filters
ORP Control of Cooling Comeaux, R. V., Tyler, C. P.

Tower Chlorination
Dechlorination Ahead of Baker, R. J.

Demineralizers and Similar
Applications
The Use of Chelating Blake, D. M., Engle, J. P.,Lesinski, C. A.

Agents in Chemical
Cleaning
Treatment and Recovery Zabban, W.

of Effluents from Metal
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IWC-62~2
IWC-62~3
IWC-62~4
IWC-62~5
IWC-62~6
IWC-62~7
IWC-62~8
Page 1618 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treating and Metal
Fabrication Operations
A Discriminating Metzger, M. I.
Engineer’s View of
Deaerators
Corrosion in Steam Fox, C. E.

Generators
The Effect of Heat Shea, E. P., Kimmel, A. L.,Hollingshad, W. R.

Transfer on Pitting
Corrosion
Polishing Condensate and Sturla, P.

Deaerating by Ion
Exchange
Selecting a Condensate Eshrich, C. H., Baker, M. D.

Scavenging System for a
Drum Type Boiler
Study of Operating Paulson, E. G., Mickel, R. E.

Performance of a Large
Demineralizer on Ohio
River Water
Carboxylic Resins in Himsley, A.
Water Treatment
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IWC-62~9
IWC-63~1
IWC-63~10
IWC-63~11
IWC-63~12
IWC-63~13
IWC-63~14
IWC-63~2
Page 1621 of 5199 01/27/2018

Some Operating Alling, S. F.
Experiences with
Continuous Regeneration
of Manganese Zeolite
Filters
Water Problems in a Clarke, F. E.
Thirsty World
The Automatic Monovalve Duff, J. H., Soriente, A. J.,Limon, J.

Filter Series. An Economic
New Water Treatment
Tool
Why the Flash Evaporator Ostroot, G., Jr.
was Selected
Theory and Design of Katzor, K. A. ., Coit, R. L

Flash Evaporation
Engineering Features of Coleman, P. H.

the Evaporator Installation
A Year of Evaporator Buettner, W. T.

Operating Experience
Operating the First Sinek, J. R., Ganaris, N.
Page 1622 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-63~3
IWC-63~4
IWC-63~5
IWC-63~6
IWC-63~7
IWC-63~8
Page 1624 of 5199 01/27/2018

Struthers-Umano Freeze
Desalination Plant in the
United States
In-Plant Water Weston, R. F., Sitman, W. D.

Conservation in the
Pollution Abatement
Programs
Keeping Our Industrial Kinney, J. E.
Rivers Reusable
Use of Chelating Agents Edwards, J. C., Merriman, W. R.

for Continuous Internal
Treatment for High
Pressure Boilers
Operating Experiences at Aker, L. P., Connelley, E. J.
Louisville Gas and Electric
Co. Paddys Run Station
Basic Design and Six Hoppe, T. C.

Months Operation for a
Copper-Free, Reheat
Boiler Turbine System at
Western Light &
Telephone Company
Macroreticular Anion Downing D., Hetherington, R.
Exchange Resins
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IWC-63~9
IWC-64~1
IWC-64~10
IWC-64~11
IWC-64~12
IWC-64~13
IWC-64~14
Page 1627 of 5199 01/27/2018

Use of Organic Material for Probst, L. F.

Prevention of Fouling in
Water Systems
The Evolution of Industrial Hecht, M.
Water Technology
Standby Protection of Armentano, J. A., Murphy, V. P.

High-Pressure Boilers
Measurement and Control Neumann, P. D.

of Corrosion in the Oak
Ridge Research Reactor
Control of Non-Reactive Pagan, D., Schmidt, P. G.
Silica in the Boiler
Feedwater of a High
Pressure Utility Boiler
New Developments Langberg, A. M.
Progress Report of Driscoll, E. D.

Research and
Development
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IWC-64~15
IWC-64~16
IWC-64~17
IWC-64~18
IWC-64~19
IWC-64~2
IWC-64~20
Page 1630 of 5199 01/27/2018

Organic Matter in Rice, J. K.

Industrial Water: Its
Measurement and
Removal
Scavenger Resins for Abrams, I. M.
Removal of Organics from
Water
Pilot Plant Studies of the Sturla, P.

Kunin Process
Continuous Boiler Merriman, W. R.

Treatment with EDTA
Automated Pretreatment Martin, H. J.

Plants
Large-Scale Steam Potter, E. C.

Generation at Steel
Surfaces: A
Physiochemical Enquiry
Recent Developments in Kunin, R.
Ion Exchange Resins
Page 1631 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-64~21
IWC-64~22
IWC-64~3
IWC-64~4
IWC-64~5
IWC-64~6
IWC-64~7
Page 1633 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Use of Ammoniated Applebaum, S. B., Crits, G. J.
Cation Resin in High Rate
Mixed-Bed Demineralizers
for Condensate
Purification
Depth Filtration for Heavy- Duff, J. H.
Duty High Rate Service
Applied Water Quality McCartney, D., Beamer, N. H.

Monitoring
Continuous Analysis for Willsey, W. B.

Monitoring and Control of
Water Conditions inPower
Plant Cycles
Water-Side Operational Gillham, E. W. F., Ray, N. J.
Experiences with the Dry
Cooling Tower Installation
at Rugeley Power Station
Recovery and Reuse of Hesler, J. C., Farnsworth, N. B.,Puckorius, P. R.
Chromates from Cooling
Tower Blowdown
Treatment of Sewage Johnson, W. H.

Plant Effluent for Industrial
Reuse
Page 1634 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-64~8
IWC-64~9
IWC-65~1
IWC-65~10
IWC-65~11
IWC-65~12
IWC-65~13
IWC-68~3
Page 1636 of 5199 01/27/2018

A Unique Process - Warm Stillwell, F. T., Strub, J. W.
(140°F) Lime Zeolite
Softening
A Modern Approach to Bonner, E. J.

Water Treatment
Problems for Medium and
High Pressure Boilers in
the Paper Industry
The Water Line Ely, N.
Chelating Agent for Boiler Coughanour, R. B.

Treatment
Silt Control Treatment in Schweitzer, G. W.

Operating Experience with Laurence, P. S.

NTA in a High Makeup
Industrial Boiler
Non-Aggressive Cleaning Gilbert, M.

Procedures
The Management of Water Lyon, W. A.
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IWC-65~14
IWC-65~15
IWC-65~16
IWC-65~17
IWC-65~18
IWC-65~19
IWC-65~2
Page 1639 of 5199 01/27/2018

Quality by Stream
Allocation
Water Treatment Practices Bourgeois, H. S.

on the Lower Mississippi
River
Water-Steam Cycle Andres, R. F.

Experience with Subcritical
Pressure Once-Through
C.E. Sulzer Monotube
Boilers
The Use of Synthetic Smith, R. M.
Organic Flocculants in the
Treatment of Industrial
Water and Wastewater
Removal of Soluble Crook, E. H., Polio, F. X.
Organic and Insoluble
Organic and Inorganic
Materials by Flocculation
Desalination by the Sul- Odland, K.
biSul Process
Recent Studies on the Abrams, I. M., Breslin, R. P.

Removal of Organics from
Water
Automation of Cooling Hayman, R. H.
Page 1640 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-65~20
IWC-65~21
IWC-65~22
IWC-65~23
IWC-65~3
IWC-65~4
IWC-65~5
Page 1642 of 5199 01/27/2018

Water Corrosion Control
Program
Upflow Regeneration - A Kline, L. B., Sterner, R. P.,Swanson, R. G.

Practical Way to Reduce
Sodium Zeolite Hardness
Leakage
Use of Ammoniated Cation Applebaum, S. B., Crits, G. J.
Resin to Remove Iron from
Heater Drains
Continuous Levendusky, J. A., Limon, L.,Ryan, L. F.

Countercurrent Ion
Exchange, A Proven Low
Cost Process
Chlorination of Large Cole, S. A.
Cooling Water Supplies
Extended Expenence in Mohler, E. F.

Biological Treatment and
Reuse of Refinery Waste
Water in Cooling Towers
European Methods of Brumbaugh, C. C.
Waste Water Treatment
Introduction to a Panel Rice, J. K.
Page 1643 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-65~6
IWC-65~7
IWC-65~8
IWC-65~9
IWC-66~1
IWC-66~1
IWC-66~10
Page 1645 of 5199 01/27/2018

Discussion on In-Service
Cleaning of Boilers and
Associated Equipment
Chelating Agents as In- Swanson, D. A.

Service Cleaners - Field
Results
The Use of Vertan 600 at Christian, R. A.

900 to 1900 PSIG
Continuous Boiler Slicker, J. L.

Treatment with EDTA; In-
Service Cleaning
The Use of a Chelant Meyer, O.

Program for ‘On Stream’
Boiler Cleaning
Administrative Aspects of Klassen, C. W.

Pollution in the United
States and Abroad
Pay the “WATER” Piper! Partridge, E. P.
Economics of Automation Eshrich, C. H.

of Utility Water Treatment
Plant Systems
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IWC-66~11
IWC-66~12
IWC-66~13
IWC-66~14
IWC-69~24
IWC-66~15
Page 1648 of 5199 01/27/2018

Economics of Automatic Mascitti, F. L.

Controls and Instruments
in Water Treating Plants -
Municipal and Potable
Water Treatment Plants
Basic Considerations in Fellows, F. H.
Selection of
Instrumentation for
Industrial Water Treatment
Plants
Practical Application and Hach, C. C.
Economics of Instruments
for Analytical Testing,
Monitoring and Automatic
Control of Water
Treatment Plants
Water Treatment Process Rivers, H. M.
Automation: The
Management Viewpoint
The Use of Chelants Slicker, J. L.
Preoperational Chemical Engle, J. P., Johnson, R. M.

Cleaning of a Complete
Universal Pressure Steam
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IWC-66~16
IWC-66~17
IWC-66~18
IWC-66~19
IWC-66~2
IWC-66~20
IWC-66~21
Page 1651 of 5199 01/27/2018

Universal Pressure Steam
Generating System
Role of Chelating Agents Deal, R. L., Hassebroek, D. J.,Slicker, J. L.
in Boiler Corrosion
Corrosion of Carbon Steel Hollingshad, W. R., Shea, E. P.

Evaporator Tubing in
Seawater Distillation
Service
Powdex for Industrial Olejar, L.
Applications
Automatic Control of Lime Martin, H. J.

Treatment
Continuous Flow Ion Dale, J. C.

Exchange by the
Degremont-Asahi Process
Application of a Clay- Reilly, P. B.

Cationic Polymer for
Surface Water Clarification
Operating Experience with Apfel, G. Kingsbury, A. W.

Continuous
Countercurrent Ion
Exchange
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IWC-66~3
IWC-66~4
IWC-66~5
IWC-66~6
IWC-66~7
IWC-66~8
IWC-66~9
IWC-67~10
Page 1654 of 5199 01/27/2018

Counterflow Regeneration Thompson, J., Reents, A. C.
A Macroreticular Anion Kun, K. A., Kunin, R.

Exchange Resin
Color Removal from a Jayes, D. A., Abrams, I. M.

New England River Water
Organic Traps to Prevent Applebaum, S. B., Crits, G. J.

Organic Fouling of Anion
Resins in Demineralizers
Technical Development of Maneval, D. R.

Systems for Controlling
Pollution by Acid Mine
Waste
Symposium on Economics Calise, V. J.
of Automation of Industrial,
Municipal and Utility Water
Treatment Systems
Economics of Automation - Coleman, P. H.
Water Treating Plants
Industrial Process and
Manufacturing Plants
Progress in Layered-Bed Abrams, I. M., Poll, R. F.
Page 1655 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-67~11
IWC-67~12
IWC-67~13
IWC-67~14
IWC-67~15
IWC-67~16
IWC-67~17
Page 1657 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cation Exchange
High Rate Depth Filtration Duff, J. H.

for Paper Mill Service
A New Gravimetric Frith, C. F.

Analysis Technique for
Suspended Contamination
in High Purity Water
Systems
Ultra-Violet Water Chatham, J. N.
Purification
The Miniaturization of Langberg, A. M.

Electric Control Panels
Quality Assurance and Nephew, H. F.

Chemical Cleaning
Reuse of Water in Specific Barker, J. E., Pettit, G. A.

Plant Operations of the
Armco Steel Corporation
Water Utilization in the Löf, O. G., Kneese, A. V.
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IWC-67~18
IWC-67~19
IWC-67~2
IWC-67~20
IWC-67~21
IWC-67~22
Page 1660 of 5199 01/27/2018

Beet Sugar Industry
Cost of Water at the Cecil, L. K., Kirkpatrick, F. W.

Odessa, Texas, Industrial
Complex
Moving Bed Filter for the Lordi, D. T.

Treatment of Secondary
Sewage Effluents and
Industrial Wastes
Field Experience with Downing, D. G., Susanin, A. G.,Orlando, C. T.
Stratified Beds of Weakly
Basic and Strongly Basic
Anion Exchange Resins in
the United States and
Abroad
Chemical Cleaning Griffin, R. W., Derr, R. H.
Inhibited HCl vs. EDTA
Application of Hydrochloric Atwood, K. L., Martucci, J. A.

Acid and Ammonium
Bromate for Scale
Removal in Utility Boilers
Experience with High Rate Kennedy, C. M., Meyers, P. S.,Crits, G. J.
Ammoniated Mixed Beds
for Condensate Polishing
at CIPSCO, Coffeen
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IWC-67~3
IWC-67~4
IWC-67~5
IWC-67~6
IWC-67~7
IWC-67~8
IWC-67~9
Page 1663 of 5199 01/27/2018

at CIPSCO, Coffeen
Station
Continuous Ion Exchange Higgins, I. R.
and Its Application to
Water Treating and
Pollution Control
Operating Experiences Levendusky, J. A., Dallmann, C. H.,Olejar, L.
with the Continuous
Countercurrent C.I. Ion
Exchange Process
Fixed-Bed Continuous Ion- Michalson, A. W., Reents, A. C.
Exchange Equipment
Ion Exchange Screen for Horembala, L. E., Feldt, C. A.

Organic Matter Improves
Demineralizer
Performance
Alkaline Copper Removal Slicker, J. L.
The Use of Polymeric Swanson, D. A.

Materials with Phosphate
and Chelation Type Boiler
Water Treatment
Boiler Scale Control with Denman, W. L., Salutsky, M. L.
Polyacrylates and
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IWC-68~1
IWC-68~1
IWC-68~10
IWC-68~11
IWC-68~12
IWC-68~13
IWC-68~14
Page 1666 of 5199 01/27/2018

Polymethacrylates
The Determination, Use Tarzwell, C. M.

and Value of Water Quality
Requirements
A Corporate Approach to Halladay, W. B.

Water Pollution Control
The Trouble with Layered Wirth, L., Jr.

Beds
Latex Waste Industrial Lundgren, H.

Problems
Pressurized Deep-Bed Bowman, G. A.

Filtration Systems for Hot
Mill Scale Rolling
Operations
Ultra High Rate Filtration Wallace, J. T.
Experience with Powdex Smith, O. A., Bunting, W. E.

for Once-Through Cycle
Condensate Polishing,
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IWC-68~15
IWC-68~16
IWC-68~17
IWC-68~18
IWC-68~19
IWC-68~2
IWC-68~2
Page 1669 of 5199 01/27/2018

James H. Campbell Plant,
Unit No. 2
Preoperational Chemical Vinso, J. D., Slowey, B. C.
Cleaning for Nuclear
Systems
Continuous Glass Eckfeldt, E. L., Proctor, W. E.,Howie, W. D., Lower, W. A.

Electrode Measurements
of Sodium Ion in Power
Plant Applications
Boiler Scale Control in the Denman, W. L., Edelson, M. R.,Salutsky, M. L.
Carbonate Cycle with
Synthetic Polymers
Problems in the Smith, V. C.

Production and Handling
of Ultra Pure Water
Evaluation of Factors Knight, R. G., Baker, R. J.

Affecting Chlorination of
Condenser Cooling Water
Operating Experience with Olejar, L., Willsey, W. B.

Continuous Ion Exchange
Demineralization
Management of Water Dunsmore, D. A.

Quality Data at ORSANCO
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IWC-68~20
IWC-68~21
IWC-68~22
IWC-69~25
IWC-68~3
IWC-68~4
IWC-68~4
IWC-68~5
Page 1672 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cooling Towers as a Paulson, E. G.
Biological Environment
Special Cooling Tower McCann, C. J.

Applications - Unusual
Services
Highly Refined Continuous Holca, R.

Mixed-Bed Ion Exchange
Process for Condensate
Polishing Employs Shared
Regeneration Facility
Economic Recovery of Hartung, H. A.
Waste Lubricating Oils
Advanced Methods for Jaske, R. T.

Studies of Environmental
Impact of Industrial
Operations
Industrial Water Re-Use Moore, T. L.
Process and Cost
Considerations
The Use of Polymers for Sexsmith, D. R., Savinelli, E. A.,Beecher, J. S.

Water Treatment
World Power Conference Calise, V. J.
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IWC-68~5
IWC-68~6
IWC-68~6
IWC-68~7
IWC-68~7
IWC-68~8
Page 1675 of 5199 01/27/2018

A Progress Report on the Kunin, R., Hetherington, R.

Removal of Colloids from
Water by Macroreticular
Ion Exchange Resins
Planning Criteria - Gasparini, R.
Controls During
Construction, Acid
Cleaning and Start-up of
High Pressure Boilers
Adsorption - Something Rizzo, J. L.
New in Waste Treatment
Instrumentation of Baker, R. J.
Residual Chlorine
Measurement
Spacecraft Water Supply Sauer, R. L., Shea, T. G.

and Quality Management
in the Apollo Program
Field Operating Schmidt, K. A.

Experiences with the Sul-
biSul Process for Brackish
Water Treatment
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IWC-68~8
IWC-68~9
IWC-69~10
IWC-69~11
IWC-69~12
IWC-69~13
IWC-69~14
Page 1678 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chelating Agents in the Bell, W. E., Rice, R. C.,Clark, R. J.
Treatment of Boiler
Feedwater
Improving Quality of Parlante, R.

Recirculation Water
Methods and Applications Heitmann, H. G.

of Condensate Treatment
Plants in European Power
Stations
Water Treatment Practice Martynova, O. I., Akolzin, P. A.
and Water Conditions of
Thermal Power Plants in
USSR
Control and Automation of Mracek, W. A., Greenberg, L.
Chromate Waste
Reduction Plants
The Application of Gas Caruso, S. C., Koslow, J. R.

Chromatography to the
Detection and
Identification of Taste and
Odor-Producing
Compounds in Surface
Waters
Water Analysis by Ion- Andelman, J. B.
Selective Electrodes
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IWC-69~15
IWC-69~16
IWC-69~17
IWC-69~18
IWC-69~19
IWC-69~20
IWC-69~21
Page 1681 of 5199 01/27/2018

Control of Deposition in Hales, W. W.

Magnetics and Their Marston, P. G.

Application to Pollution
Abatement
The Thermal Pollution Clark, J. R., Silverman, M. J.

Controversy - Ecological
Comments
Aminomethylenephosphon Schweitzer, G. W.
ates Control Scale and
Corrosion in Cooling
Water Systems
Use of Phosphonates for Hwa, C. M.
Treating Cooling Water
Systems
Ammoniated Cation Resin Finklea, G. A., Jones, R. N.,Crits, G. J.

at Higher Temperatures to
Remove Iron from Heater
Drains
Deionization of Waters Wolff, J. J.
Containing Organic Matter
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IWC-69~22
IWC-69~23
IWC-69~9
IWC-70~1
IWC-70~10
IWC-70~11
IWC-70~12
Page 1684 of 5199 01/27/2018

Package Type Systems for Runyon, C. V.

High Purity Water Sample
Conditioning and
Analyzing
Startup of Large Gross, P. W., Longo, J. F.
Supercritical Boilers with
Powdex
Dissolved Oxygen Hoppe, T. C., Parmley, J. G.

Analysis and Hydrazine
Consumption vs.
Corrosion in the Pre-Boiler
Cycle
Sludge Disposal Barnhill, K. G.
Alternatives
Disposal of Radioactive O’Mara, R. L.

Water from Light Water
Reactors
Economical Production of Ahlgren, R. M.

Boiler Water Through
Membrane Methods
Trace Metals in Steam Goldman, F., Christensen, F.

Condensate Systems
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IWC-70~13
IWC-70~14
IWC-70~15
IWC-70~16
IWC-70~17
IWC-70~18
IWC-70~2
Page 1687 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Reasoning Behind Siebert, C. L.

Pennsylvania’s
Requirements for Treating
Metal Wastes
Boiler Chelant Treatment: Metcalf, J. R.
An Update
Industrial Microbiocides for Shair, S.

Open Recirculating
Polymers in Cooling Water Sexsmith, D. R., Silverstein, R. M.,Savinelli, E. A.

Treatment
Selective Removal of Zinc Chamberlain, D. G.

from Cooling-Tower
Blowdown by Ion
Exchange
Macroporous Ion Martinola, F., Richter, A.
Exchange Resins as
Regeneratable Adsorbents
for Organics in Water and
Solutions
Eutrophication and the McDonnell, A. J.
Oxygen Economy of
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Page 1689 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-70~20
IWC-70~21
IWC-70~22
IWC-70~23
IWC-70~24
IWC-70~25
Page 1690 of 5199 01/27/2018

Streams
Design Problems and Bruns, R. B.

Operating Experiences of
a Central Facility for the
Disposal of Concentrated
Hazardous and Obnoxious
Chemical Wastes
Polishing Condensate and Proesch, E. E.
Make-up Water at High
Flow Rates for Process
Steam Generators
Three Years Operating Britt, R., Crits, G. J.
Experience with
Ammoniated Mixed Beds
in Condensate Polishing
Progressive Mode Adams, R. C.
Continuous
Countercurrent Ion
Exchange
A New Technique for the Henn, E. L.
Determination of Trace
Metals by Atomic
Absorption
Spectrophotometry
Experiences with High Dicke, G. J.
Page 1691 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-70~26
IWC-70~27
IWC-70~28
IWC-70~3
IWC-70~4
IWC-70~5
IWC-70~6
Page 1693 of 5199 01/27/2018

Flowrate Softeners
Acid Mine Drainage Escher, E. D.

Control
Seprex, A New Technique Olejar, L. L., Salem, E.

in Ammoniated Cycle
Condensate Treatment
The Application of Katz, W. E.

Electrodialysis Equipment
for the Treatment of
Waters Below 1000 ppm
Total Dissolved Solids
Mobile Pilot Plants for the Mercer, B. W., Ames, L. L.
Removal of Ammonia and
Phosphates from
Wastewater
Reverse Osmosis for Kremen, S. S., Myers, J.
Water and Waste
Treatment
A Solution for Industrial Van Stone, G. R.

Wastewater Treatment -
Granular Activated Carbon
New Ion Exchange Kunin, R., Downing, D. G.

Systems for Treating
Page 1694 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 1695 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-70~7
IWC-70~8
IWC-70~9
IWC-71~1
IWC-71~10
IWC-71~11
IWC-71~12
Page 1696 of 5199 01/27/2018

Systems for Treating
Municipal, Domestic and
Industrial Waste Effluents
Primary Coolant Chemistry Fletcher, W. D.
of PWRs
Corrosion Product Sawochka, S. G., Pearl, W. L.

Chemistry of a Boiling
Water Reactor
Auxiliary Water Coolant Goldstein, P.

Systems
Total River Clean-up Williams, N. E.

Below Industrial
Complexes
Corrosion Product Wages, S. R.

Sampling for Aqueous
High Temperature
Dynamic Systems
A New Amberlite Monobed Kunin, R., Kittle, P.
Ion Exchange Resin
System
Four Years Operating Dallmann, C.

Experience with Graver’s
CI Process
Page 1697 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 1698 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-71~13
IWC-71~14
IWC-71~15
IWC-71~16
IWC-71~17
IWC-71~18
Page 1699 of 5199 01/27/2018

Progress Report: 60 GPM Haight, A. G.

Demineralized Water
System
Sodium Recovery from a Himsley, A.

Pulp Mill Waste Effluent by
Ion Exchange
A Unique Closed Cycle Bingham, E. C., Chopra, R. C.

Water System for Removal
of Arnmonium Nitrate
Using Chem-Seps
Continuous
Countercurrent Ion
Exchange
New Nitrogen-Containing Von Koeppen, A., Pesowicz, A. F.,Meta, B. A.
Organic Non-Chromate
Closed-Cycle Industrial Bramer, H. C

Water Use Systems
Reduction of the Matejka, Z., Kadlec, V.

Regenerating Chemical
Consumption by the Use
of Conventional Mixed-
Bed Technique
Page 1700 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-71~19
IWC-71~2
IWC-71~20
IWC-71~21
IWC-71~22
IWC-71~23
IWC-71~24
Page 1702 of 5199 01/27/2018

Bed Technique
Improvements in Chlorine Zeh, T. G.

Residual Analyzers
Design of a Submerged Skelly, M. J., Keegan, R. T.,Lawler, J. P.

Jet Thermal Discharge
and Its Effects on Lake
Ontario
A Significant Advance in Buggie, F. D.
the Technology of
Industrial Wastewater
Monitoring - The Monitor
IV
The Lamella Separator: A Souther, G. P., Forsell, B.
Novel High Rate
Sedimentation Device for
Water Treatment Plants
The Operation of a L’Eau Steimle, S. E., Anderson, A. M.,Haney, B. J., Waguespack, O.
Claire Upflow Filter
Static Mixer Technology in Blundon, M.

Water and Waste
Treatment
Application of Granular Brunotts, V. A.

Activated Carbon in
Page 1703 of 5199 01/27/2018


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IWC-71~25
IWC-71~26
IWC-71~3
IWC-71~4
IWC-71~5
IWC-71~6
IWC-71~7
Page 1705 of 5199 01/27/2018

Industrial Water and
Waste Water Treatment
The CMMB, An Efficient Crits, G.
Low Cost Two-Tank
Demineralization System
The Avco Continuous Todisco, A., Grossman, G.,Sonin, A. A.

Moving Bed Ion Exchange
Process
The Use of Polymers for Sexsmith, D. R., Phelan, J. V.,Savinelli, E. A.

Scale Control in
Desalination Evaporators
Complete Automation of Tarbay, P. C., Rivers, H. M.

Boiler Plant Chemical
Control
Thermal Stability of EDTA Venezky, D. L.

and Its Salts
Biological Control in Walko, J. F., Donohue, J. M.,Shema, B. F.

Cooling Systems New
Developments and
Pollution Considerations
Boric Acid Equilibria and Mesmer, R. E., Baes, C. F., Jr.,Sweeton, F. H.
pH in PWR Coolants
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IWC-71~8
IWC-71~9
IWC-72~1
IWC-72~10
IWC-72~11
IWC-72~12
IWC-72~13
Page 1708 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chemical Cleaning Pocock, F. J., Leedy, W. S.
Research for Nuclear
Steam Generators
Resin Evaluation for Sisson, A. B., Scott, J. S.,Selby, K. A.

Removal of Radionuclides
from PWR Steam
Generator Blowdown
Current Practice in Water Taggart, E. J., Mull, E. B.
and Waste Water Filtration
Technology
Preoperational Cleaning of Duncan, F. R., Fyock, D. H.,Baldwin, L. V., Hopkins, R. D.

High Pressure Boilers of
General Utilities
Corporation
Ten Years Experience in Hantelman, W. D.
Preoperational Chemical
Cleaning of Power Plant
Steam Generating
Systems
Capillary Action Applied to DaVia, P. G.
Sludge Dewatering
Alkaline Cooling Water Freedman, A. J., Shannon, J. E.

Treatments - A Summary
Assessment
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IWC-72~14
IWC-72~15
IWC-72~16
IWC-72~17
IWC-72~18
IWC-72~19
IWC-72~2
Page 1711 of 5199 01/27/2018

Design of Liquid Waste Launno, R. R., Rowe, W. H.
Neutralizing System for
the Roseton Generating
Station
Treatment of Radioactive Greenaway, W. R., Klein, W. J.,Markind, J., Stana, R. R.
Steam Generator
Blowdown
Early Experience with Barber, D., Dundar, Y.

Water Chemistry at the
250 MW Gentilly Nuclear
Power Station
Secondary Water Fletcher, W. D., Picone, L. F.
Treatment of PWR Steam
Generators
The Experience with the Riess, R.

Water Chemistry of
Siemens PWRs
Operation of the Kaye, M. J., Bourgeois, H. S.

Progressive Mode
Continuous Ion Exchange
Systems at BASF
Wyandotte Corporation
Treatment of a Highly Sompel, J., Louros, B. G.,Lynch, R. T.
Concentrated Industrial
Waste
Page 1712 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-72~20
IWC-72~21
IWC-72~21
IWC-72~22
IWC-72~23
IWC-72~3
IWC-72~4
Page 1714 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Application of Seprex Gall, G. P., Salem, E.
- A New Condensate
Polishing System at
Homer City Station
Scale Prevention by Rankin, B. H.
Coating Tubes in
Evaporators
Wide-Range Conductivity Andersen, L.

Analyzer Covering Six
Decades with One Cell
Constant
Cooling Water Puckorius, P. R., Lindemuth, L. D.
Performance with the New
Polymer/Silicate Program
Operating Experience with Newman, J., Morley, J. B.

a Fluidized Moving Bed
Ion Exchange Loop
Operating Experience with Heitmann, H. G.

Electromagnetic
Separators and Their
Application in the Water-
Steam Systems of Power
Stations
Factors Affecting Ion Wirth, L. F.
Exchange Resin
Performance in Deep Bed
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IWC-72~5
IWC-72~6
IWC-72~7
IWC-72~8
IWC-72~9
IWC-73~1
IWC-73~10
Page 1717 of 5199 01/27/2018

Performance in Deep Bed
Condensate Polishers
Very High Chemical Moore C. S., Sloan, W. J.
Efficiency for Mixed Bed
Ion Exchange
The Use of Catalyzed Sexsmith, D. R., Savinelli, E. A.,Herman, K. W.

Hydrazine in Steam
Generating Systems
Preoperational Chemical Hoppe, I. C., Parmley, J. G.

Cleaning of Utility Systems
Operating at 2000 PSI and
Higher
A Review of Pre- Atwood, K. L.
Operational Cleaning
Practices m High Pressure
Utility Systems
Planning and Application - Schlesinger, H. A., Burns, V. T.
Preoperational Cleaning of
Fossil Fueled Central
Station Units
Changing Federal-State Cohen, J.
Relationships in Water
Pollution Control Programs
Ion Exchange Kingsbury, A. W., Schomaker, W. P.

Pretreatment for a
Reverse Osmosis Process
Page 1718 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-73~11
IWC-73~12
IWC-73~13
IWC-73~14
IWC-73~15
IWC-73~16
IWC-73~17
Page 1720 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reverse Osmosis Process
New Developments in Abrams, I. M.

Counter-Current Fixed
Bed Ion Exchange
Handling of Solid and Kahnske, A. A.

Liquid Sidestreams
Resulting from Water
Reuse Operation
Economic Evaluation of Winter, T. H., Fox, R. D.,Himmelstein, K. J.
Phenolic Waste Treatment
Systems
Some Possible Effects on Bardarik, D. G., Alden, J. C.

Aquatic Ecology of Waste
Discharge from Power
Stations Other Than
Aquatic Ecosystems in Harmsworth, R. V.
Artificial Cooling Lakes
Pilot Plant Test Results of Bresler, S. A., Husseini, F.,Rinne, W., Kreusch, E.
a Low Cost Ion Exchange
Process for Municipal
Water Quality
Improvements
Application of Aluminum Bonewitz, R. A., Blaze, G. C.,Wanderer, E. T.
Page 1721 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-73~18
IWC-73~19
IWC-73~2
IWC-73~20
IWC-73~22
IWC-73~23
Page 1723 of 5199 01/27/2018

Alloys in Evaporative
Desalination
Nitrate Removal from Gregg, J. C., Bowne, S. B.

Municipal Well Water
Breakthrough in Non- Twiford, J. L., Zecher, D. C.

Chromate Inhibitor
Technology, Breakthrough
in Non-Chromate Inhibitor
Technology
Zero Blowdown from Crits, G. J., Glover, G.
Cooling Tower - Problems
and Some Answers
New Trends in Boiler Cuisia, D. G.

Scale Control
High Flow Rate Water Gold, H., Todisco, A.,Sonin, A. A.

Softening by Continuous
Moving Bed Ion Exchange
Weak Acid Cation Units Burguet, J. E., Goldstein, P.

Replace Cold Lime/Alum
Contact Softener and
Solves Environmental
Problems
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IWC-73~24
IWC-73~3
IWC-73~4
IWC-73~5
IWC-73~6
IWC-73~7
IWC-73~8
IWC-73~9
Page 1726 of 5199 01/27/2018

An Economist Looks at Ochs, J. N.
Pollution
Aspects of Wastewater Harpel, W. L., James, E. W.

Reuse as Cooling Tower
Makeup
Sewage Plant Effluent as Gray, H. J., McGuigan, C. V.,Rowland, H. W.

Cooling Tower Makeup - A
Continuing Case History
Pollution Aspects of Cole, S. A., Baker, R. J.

Residual Chlorine in
Cooling and Wastewater
Discharge
The Dollar Value of O’Neal, A. J.
Protecting Steam Turbines
Against Fouling
Effective Steam Purity Zahirsky, R. W.

Sampling
Survey of Steam Turbine Jonas, O.

Deposits
A Comparative Study of Walker, J. L., Stephens, J. R.

Chelating Agents - Their
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IWC-74~1
IWC-74~10
IWC-74~11
IWC-74~12
IWC-74~13
IWC-74~14
Page 1729 of 5199 01/27/2018

Ability to Prevent Deposits
in Industrial Boilers
An Investigation of Wackenhuth, E. C., Levine, G.
Bromine Chloride as a
Biocide in Condenser
Cooling Water
Paper Mill Condensate Wilson, H., Smith, B
Treatment Using Filming
Amine and Sodium Zeolite
Polishing
Corrosion Problems in Simon, D. E., II
Ammonia Plant Waste
Heat Boilers and Turbines
Design Problems and Newman, J., Witt, W.

Operating Experience:
Recycling Water to a Two-
Phase Wet Scrubber
of Concentrated
Hazardous and Obnoxious
Chemical Wastes
Chemistry of Hollinden, G. A.
Lime/Limestone Scrubbing
Liquor from Power Plant
Stack Gases
Kinetics vs. Aqueous Selmeczi, J. G.
Chemistry of Calcium-
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IWC-74~15
IWC-74~16
IWC-74~17
IWC-74~18
IWC-74~19
IWC-74~2
IWC-74~20
Page 1732 of 5199 01/27/2018

Based Sulfur Dioxide
Scrubbing Systems
Reverse Osmosis at Baldwin, L. V., Gall, G. P.,Landers, R. D.
Homer City Station,
Pennsylvania Electric
Company, Graver Ro-Sep
System
Alcoa Thermopure Brown, M. H., Hittner, H. J.
Process for High Quality
Water Production from
Waste Water
Comparison Study of Non- Gesick, J. A.
Chromate Cooling Water
Summary of Pretreatment Epstein, A., Beach, W. A.

Technology for Reverse
Osmosis
The Effect of Scaling Feitler, H.

Indexes on Cooling Water
Treatment Practice
Experimental Equipment Cole, S. A.

for Feeding Bromine
Chloride
Electrochemical Martin, L. D., Banks, W. P.

Investigation of
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IWC-74~21
IWC-74~3
IWC-74~4
IWC-74~5
IWC-74~6
IWC-74~7
IWC-74~8
Page 1735 of 5199 01/27/2018

Passivating Systems
Consideration in the Lefevre, L. J., Schneider, S. E.

Design and Operation of .,Underhill, L. J.
Reverse Osmosis
Systems
Cooling Tower and Thompson, R. B.
Makeup Treatment
Eliminate Condenser
Deposits
Effluent Guidelines: The Escher, E. D.
Consultant’s Role
Brine Concentrators Stickney, W. W., Andrews, W. R.

Providing “Zero Liquid
Discharge”
The Role of Reverse Crowson, F. R.

Osmosis in Zero Release
from a BWR
Background and Current Vernick, A. S.

Evaluation of Effluent
Limitation Guidelines for
Steam Electric Plants
Power Plant Liquid Miskimen, I. A.
Effluent Regulations: One
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IWC-74~9
IWC-75~01 Paper
Page 1738 of 5199 01/27/2018

View from Industry
A Review of Analytical Venezky, D. L.

Procedures That are
Applicable to Monitoring
Organic Water-Treatment
Chemicals
Small-Scale Short-Term D. T. REED, R. NASS, Nalco Chemical Company, Oakbrook, Illinois Recirculating cooling water
Methods of Evaluating treatment programs and treatment
Cooling Water Treatments concepts are becoming more
– Are they Worthwhile? sophisticated, brought on by
environmental pressures toward
zero blowdown and limits on the
use of chromate or other heavy
metals, phosphates, and the
amount of water discharged. To
meet this challenge, new program
evaluative tools must be designed
to allow new treatment concepts to
be fully explored. The pilot cooling
tower, PCT, concept represents a
significant step forward. We must
understand the advantages and
limitations of each of the simple
screening tools that have been
described as a part of this paper,
and use them accordingly. It is
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IWC-75~01D Prepared Discussion
IWC-77~22AC Authors Closure
Page 1741 of 5199 01/27/2018

and use them accordingly. It is
also equally important to
understand the increased amount
of results from the more
sophisticated test methods.
Running a static corrosion test,
SCT, with and without heat
transfer units, HTU’s, properly is
reasonably simple. Running a PCT
properly is costly and extremely
difficult by contrast! In the opinion
of the authors, the investment is
absolutely necessary, anything
less may miss the target,
particularly in alkaline
environments. The application of
PCT results to field applications
was discussed in three case
studies
Small-Scale Short-Term HERMAN KERST, Dearborn Chemical (U.S.) CHEMED Corp., Des Plaines,
Methods of Evaluating Illinois
Cooling Water Treatments
– are they Worthwhile?
Use of an Acrylic Strong B. BAKER, Saskatchewan Power Corp., Esteran, Saskatchewan, Canada, V. R.
Base Anion Resin in DAVIES, P. A. YARNELL, Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA
Treatment of Organic
Bearing Waters
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IWC-79~11D2 Prepared Discussion
IWC-75~02 Paper
Page 1744 of 5199 01/27/2018

Ion Exchange Mechanism L. F. WIRTH, Jr., Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Michigan
Dynamic Deposit Monitor - G. E. WELDER, R. R. RUMPF, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Three major problems - corrosion,
A Unit for Determining the deposition and biological growth -
Rate of Deposit Buildup in are normally associated with
Cooling Systems and industrial cooling water use.
Evaluating Inhibitor Corrosion and biological growths
Performance are easily monitored with probes,
coupons, plate counts, etc. This
paper discusses the application of
a Dynamic Deposit Monitor, DDM,
for determining the scaling and/or
deposition tendency of cooling
water. It also discusses the
application of the DDM to
determine the chemical treatment
effectiveness and the minimum
chemical requirements to prevent
or control scale and particulate
deposition. Scale formation occurs
when the solubility product of
certain salts is exceeded.
Examples of such scales include
calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate
and calcium orthophosphate. On
the other hand, water-borne
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IWC-75~03 Paper
Page 1747 of 5199 01/27/2018

the other hand, water-borne
particulate deposition of include
clays, silt and corrosion products,
especially iron oxides. These
scales and deposits form on heat
exchanger surfaces and impede
the flow of heat, thereby interfere
with efficient heat transfer in
cooling systems. Case studies at a
Midwestern condenser cooling
system and a recirculating cooling
water system showed that the
DDM could select in a few days
the most effective product and the
optimum dosage to control scale
and deposit problems
Dynamic Deposit Monitor - W. R. GREENAWAY, NUS Corporation, Cyrus Wm. Rice Division, Pittsburgh,
A Unit for Determining the Pennsylvania
Rate of Deposit Buildup in
Cooling Systems and
Evaluating Inhibitor
Performance
Use of Ultrafiltration for the R. KUNIN, F. H. FLOR, Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, A unique hollow fiber ultrafiltration
Removal of Colloidal Silica B. J. CONNICK, C. W. HALBFINGER, Consolidated Edison Company, New membrane is designed to have a
from Boiler Makeup Water York, New York, B. R. BRESLAU, P. R. LAMBERT, Romicon, Inc., Philadelphia, high flux on industrial, municipal,
Pennsylvania and domestic water supplies and
maintain excellent rejection for
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Page 1750 of 5199 01/27/2018

colloidal material such as non-
reactive silica. Consolidated
Edison Company, N.Y., installed
an ultrafiltration pilot system at the
Ravenswood Generating Station of
this utility. The purpose of the pilot
system was to evaluate membrane
flux and non-reactive silica
rejection on untreated municipal
water supply and deionized
municipal water. The results were
very encouraging; non-reactive
silica rejection was greater than 80
percent, and flux levels were very
attractive. To treat large volumes
of water, the ultrafiltration system
would consist of a series of
modules in parallel. The modules
would be sequentially backflushed
during the course of a day so that
the output of the system would be
relatively constant. Permeate from
one of the modules could be used
directly to backflush another
module, eliminating the need for a
storage tank. The use of the hollow
fiber ultrafiltration membrane
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IWC-75~04 Paper
Page 1753 of 5199 01/27/2018

makes ultrafiltration effective for
producing high quality water.
Use of Ultrafiltration for the JOSEPH THOMPSON, Illinois Water Treatment Company, Rockford, Illinois
Removal of Colloidal Silica
from Boiler Makeup Water
Studies in Weak Base ERWIN C WACKENHUTH, Public Service Electric and Gas Company, Newark, Previous papers described the
Resin Performance Pay New Jersey water treatment pilot plant studies
Off which provided operating
information for a full-scale plant
and four years of operating
experience with a 3200-gpm
demineralizer at the Linden
Generating Station of Public
Service Electric and Gas Company
This paper presents a progress
report on the operating
experiences and studies of several
weak base anion resins in this
water treatment plant The dual bed
anion demineralizer was
regenerated in reverse order to
ensure complete removal of silica.
It will be shown that through
constant monitoring of resin
performance and with the excellent
cooperation of all of the resin
manufacturers involved, resin life
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IWC-75~05 Report
Page 1756 of 5199 01/27/2018

manufacturers involved, resin life
was extended, and plant reliability
was improved.
Studies in Weak Base ERWIN C WACKENHUTH, Public Service Electric and Gas Company, Newark,
Resin Performance Pay New Jersey
Off
Studies in Weak Base LOUIS F. WIRTH, JR., Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Michigan 48640
Resin Performance Pay
Off
The Impact of ROBERT QUINN, WILLIAM BEACH, The Permutit Company, Inc., Paramus, The last five years have seen a
Ultrafiltration on New Jersey rapid increase in the application of
Membrane Processes and membrane processes for the
Related Water Treatment treatment of ground waters and
Technology waste water reuse. Reverse
Osmosis, RO, a high pressure
membrane separation process,
has gained increased acceptance
as a roughing demineralizer for the
production of potable water from
high TDS sources, and as a
process to produce high purity
water, from high TDS sources. and
also low TDS waters for removal of
large molecular organics and
colloidal material. Ultrafiltration,
UF, has also drawn increased
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IWC-75~06 Paper
Page 1759 of 5199 01/27/2018

attention as a method of removing
organics and colloidal material
from a variety of water sources. It
is a low pressure membrane
process which permits the
selective separation of organics
and colloids from various liquid
streams. The degree and quantity
of the separation is a function of:
Pore size of the membrane; Size
and shape of the colloids and
organic molecules. Various UF
membrane designs and systems
are described with process
combinations, case studies and
economic evaluations.
The Impact of PAUL H. McNALLY, Consultant, Sudbury, Mass.
Ultrafiltration on
Membrane Processes and
Related Water Treatment
Technology
Use of an Acrylic Strong I. M. ABRAMS, Diamond Shamrock Corporation, Redwood City, California
Base Anion Resin in
Bearing Waters
Feedwater Quality in DAVID E. SIMON, II, NUS Corporation, Cyrus Wm. Rice Division, Pittsburgh, The steam purity requirement has
Modern Industrial Boilers - been recognized for a long time
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Page 1762 of 5199 01/27/2018

A Consensus of Proper and, essentially alone, it provided
Current Operating the basis for the long familiar but
Practices now outdated ABMA standards for
boiler water quality. A new set of
guidelines, not standards, for
feedwater quality to prevent
deposition as well as steam
contamination will be useful to the
operators of industrial steam
generators.They need not be
called "standards" in order to be
useful in directing the operation of
modern industrial boilers within the
consensus of acceptable practice.
The reason for stating new
guidelines is to focus attention on
the importance of feedwater quality
control and to relate it to the all-
important operating factors of
adequate boiler water circulation
and heat transfer surface
cleanliness as well as that of
steam purity. The tabulated
guidelines stated here are those
which, if followed, will allow
operation without penalty. In any
given case, the guideline values
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IWC-75~07 Paper
Page 1765 of 5199 01/27/2018

can possibly be exceeded if
practical operating conditions,
engineering judgment, or
economic considerations so
dictate. However, it should be
recognized that such variations
from the guidelines may cause
problems such as increased
cleaning frequency requirements
or unscheduled outages.
Feedwater Quality in DAVID E. SIMON, II, NUS Corporation, Cyrus Wm. Rice Division, Pittsburgh,
Modern Industrial Boilers -
A Consensus of Proper
Current Operating
Practices
Feedwater Quality in ROBERT A. HART, Continental Oil Company, Ponca City. Oklahoma
Modern Industrial Boilers -
A Consensus of Proper
Current Operating
Practices
How to Determine When R. H. WEICK, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Barberton, Ohio Industry today is intensely
an Industrial Boiler Needs competitive and a company's
Cleaning survival may often depend on
uninterrupted production. It is
anticipated that this paper will
enable the users of industrial
steam generating equipment to
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IWC-75~08 Paper
Page 1768 of 5199 01/27/2018

minimize unscheduled outages
due to the build-up of internal
deposits. Various inspection
methods using non-destructive
tests are discussed. Each
industrial plant is a separate entity;
therefore, each will have to select,
based on their own needs,
methods and a procedure for
detecting when a boiler needs
cleaning that will assure trouble
free operation.
How to Determine When J. FOLEY, Engineering Service Div., E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Inc.,
an Industrial Boiler Needs Wilmington, DE
Cleaning
Water Reuse as Boiler P. A. BARKER, Nalco Environmental Sciences, Oakbrook, Illinois Because of numerous variables,
Feedwater - Evaluating no general statement regarding
Feasibility reuse of organically contaminated
condensates can be made, but
tests are showing definite
feasibility in some cases of reusing
condensates from petrochemical
process units as boiler feedwater.
The results of model boiler tests
using contaminated condensate
from a light hydrocarbon oxidation
unit are discussed before and after
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IWC-75~09 Paper
Page 1771 of 5199 01/27/2018

unit are discussed before and after
catalytic oxidation treatment for
COD reduction. Preliminary
evaluations and "tune-up" of
operating controls can be achieved
by short duration runs in laboratory
scale test boiler systems.
Water Reuse as Boiler P. M. THOMASSON, Union Carbide, S. Charleston, West Virginia
Feedwater - Evaluating
Feasibility
A New Concept - RICHARD K. SCHMIDT, Industrial Waste Treatment Division, Ecodyne, Union, Most waste treatment facilities
Gravity/Pressure Sludge New Jersey generate an ultimate residue or
Dewatering sludge which must be dewatered
and disposed of in some manner.
Traditional dewatering methods
include vacuum filtration,
centrifugation and plate and frame
filter presses. Ultimate disposal
has been accomplished by
incineration followed by residue
landfill or by direct landfill or ocean
disposal. The objective of this
paper is to discuss a relatively new
sludge dewatering concept, the
gravity/pressure principle. Basic
concepts will be outlined as well as
a discussion of the mechanical
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IWC-75~10 Paper
Page 1774 of 5199 01/27/2018

a discussion of the mechanical
equipment embodying this
process. Finally, several operating
installations will be reviewed.
A New Concept - WILLIAM L. K. SCHWOYER, The Permutit Company, Inc., Princeton, New
Gravity/Pressure Sludge Jersey
Dewatering
Shallow Bed Rapid Sand HERBERT R. TUNNELL, Environmental Elements Corporation, Baltimore, This paper discusses gravity
Filtration for Water and Maryland filtration, where the driving force is
Wastewater the head of liquid, above the sand
bed. The slow sand filters include
mechanical cleaning and a gravel
support. The operation of a slow
sand filter depends entirely upon
the buildup of particulate matter on
the surface "conditioning", forming
a schmutzdecke which retains and
removes the solids. Since this filter
is essentially blinded, and
operated at very low hydraulic
loadings, very large surface areas
are required. When losses across
the filter become so great as to
preclude further filtration, the
surface is mechanically cleaned,
removing the solids and top layer
of sand exposing a new filtration
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IWC-75~11 Paper
Page 1777 of 5199 01/27/2018

of sand exposing a new filtration
surface. The rapid sand filter has
an underdrain and uses an upflow
backwash to remove solid. A
shallow bed filter with automatic
backwash is described with
various industrial applications
using sand, zeolite and activated
carbon media.
Shallow Bed Rapid Sand HERBERT R. TUNNELL, Environmental Elements Corporation, Baltimore,
Filtration for Water and Maryland
Wastewater
Shallow Bed Rapid Sand PERRY R. BISH, Dravo Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Filtration for Water and
Wastewater
Dewatering of Power Plant S. D. HEDEN, J. H. WILHELM, Eimco BSP Division of Envirotech Corporation, This paper provides an analysis of
Waste Treatment Sludges Salt Lake City, Utah dewatering technology for the
power industry engineer who is
now confronted with the technical
aspects of selecting and sizing
dewatering equipment for water
treatment and waste sludges. The
more common potential waste
sludge streams found in electrical
power plants are listed. Different
combinations of these will exist
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Page 1780 of 5199 01/27/2018

and the characteristics will change
with variations in fuel and water
supplies and with the mode of
operation of the plant. In general,
each facility will have to be
designed to provide the best
solution for its particular situation.
While some locations have a
relatively dry climate to facilitate
lagoons or sludge drying beds, the
typical plant will have to
concentrate the solids in
thickeners and follow with
mechanical dewatering by vacuum
filters, centrifuges, or filter presses.
The range of sizing criteria for
equipment to dewater these
streams has been listed. Various
pilot plant and laboratory testing
procedures and data have been
described for a number of types of
equipment and data from several
operating plants have been
presented and discussed.
Dewatering of Power Plant ROBERT M. ROSAIN, Commonwealth Associates, Inc., Jackson, Michigan
Waste Treatment Sludges
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IWC-75~12 Paper
IWC-75~13 Paper
Page 1783 of 5199 01/27/2018

Experiences with the R. F. JACCARINO, W. R. CONLEY, Neptune Microfloc, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon Through the proper application of
Application of High-Rate high rate and high quality
Pretreatment Technology sedimentation and filtration, the
for Industrial Boiler size, cost, and operating costs of
Makeup many pretreatment facilities have
been reduced without sacrifices in
product quality or reliability. The
proper process design is a function
of the water quality, water use,
total flow, and the impact on
auxiliary systems, such as waste
handling. Case studies are
discussed for a pulp and paper
plant, an organic chemical plant, a
food processor and a refinery.
Experiences with the JAMES S. POOLE, Shepard T. Powell & Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
Application of High-Rate
Pretreatment Technology
for Industrial Boiler
Makeup
All Volatile Feedwater M. J. BELL, Babcock & Wilcox, Lynchburg, Virginia, WILLIAM A. HALLER, The feed water chemistry data and
Treatment for Nuclear Steam Production, Duke Power Company, Charlotte, North Carolina, D. C. the operating history during the
Once-Through Steam SMITH, Oconee Nuclear Power Station, Duke Power Company, Seneca, South first core cycle, and the visual and
Generators Carolina eddy current inspections of the
Oconee Unit 1 Once-Through
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IWC-75~14 Paper
Page 1786 of 5199 01/27/2018

Steam Generators, OTSG, have
demonstrated that the high purity
feed water and all volatile
chemistry, AVT, specified for the
OTSG can be readily met and
maintained and supports the
compatibility of this chemistry with
the materials of construction. The
use of full flow powdered resin
polishing demineralizers in
conjunction with the "total system
concept" of design and Duke
Power Company's attention to
chemistry control, resulted in the
excellent condition of the Oconee
Unit 1 steam generators.
All Volatile Feedwater K. H. FREDERICK, Metropolitan Edison Company, Middletown, Pennsylvania
Treatment for Nuclear
Once-Through Steam
Generators
All Volatile Feedwater G. J. CRITS, Cochrane Environmental Systems Crane Company, King of
Treatment for Nuclear Prussia, Pennsylvania
Once-Through Steam
Generators
Chemical and Mechanical THEODORE C. HOPPE, RILEY D. WOODSON, Black & Veatch/Consulting Electric generating stations can
Cleaning of Condenser Engineers, Kansas City, Missouri maintain condenser tubes at a
Systems for Electric relatively high cleanliness factor if
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Page 1789 of 5199 01/27/2018

Generation a quality control program for the
circulating water is followed
consistently, regardless of whether
the station uses once-through or a
cooling tower system. Proper
chemical conditioning, when using
a tower system, can maintain tube
cleanliness in many cases at an
economical level without on-line
mechanical cleaning equipment.
Chemical cleaning and mechanical
cleaning at outages should be
considered a supplement rather
than a substitute for chemical
quality control in a tower system.
Any quality control program is
nothing more than preventive
maintenance and is equally
applicable for systems equipped
with on-line mechanical cleaning.
Conversely, the need for frequent
off-line cleaning of condenser
tubes usually would indicate a
deficiency in proper quality control.
Chemical and Mechanical FRANK McGILBRA, Public Service Company of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma
Cleaning of Condenser
Systems for Electric
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IWC-75~20 Report
Page 1792 of 5199 01/27/2018

Generation
The Application of an D. W. KOCH, J. R. SLAVENS, Nuclear Equipment Division, Barberton, Ohio, C. The deposition of corrosion
Electromagnetic Filter to C. STAUFFER, Research and Development Division, Alliance, Ohio products in steam generating
Industrial Condensate systems can degrade the
Systems performance of these units and
impair the integrity of the structural
materials. These corrosion
products are predominantly
ferromagnetic in nature. The
Electromagnetic Filter, EMF,
developed and patented by Dr. H.
G. Heitmann. consists of a
pressure vessel, coil, spheres, and
a power/control unit. The pressure
vessel is constructed of a
nonmagnetic material and contains
a filter bed of magnetizable
spheres approximately 1/4" in
diameter. The pressure vessel is
surrounded by a magnet coil which
is supplied with direct current from
the power/control unit. An outer
carbon steel jacket on the coil
minimizes power consumption,
reduces the stray magnetic field,
and protects the coil. Flow is
upward through the bed of
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IWC-75~15 Report
Page 1795 of 5199 01/27/2018

upward through the bed of
spherical media where high
gradient magnetic fields attract
magnetic particles. Theses can be
flushed out by demagnetization
when the bed is loaded.
Experimental and J. ROESMER, L. R. DOLE, Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactors Division, This paper presents an up-dated
Theoretical pH Values of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, R. E. MESMER, Hollifield National Laboratory, Oak version of the Marcy-Halstead 's
Phosphate Solutions Ridge, Tennessee, D. W. FELDMAN, Westinghouse Research and Development graphs and tables, which correlate
Between 25oC and 285oC Laboratories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania pH, total phosphate (ppm), and
sodium-to-phosphate molar ratio..
Room temperature laboratory
techniques accurately measured
the pH of dilute degsssed
phosphate solutions (5-1,000
ppm), using a glass
electrode.These measurements
confirmrd the pH calculations of
the computer code LDP04 , which
uses the phosphate hydrolysis
measurements of Mesmer and
Baes., and calculates pH and
distributions of phosphate species
from room to steam generator
operating temperatures (300° C).
Phosphates are used to condition
water in boilers and steam
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IWC-75~16 Paper
Page 1798 of 5199 01/27/2018

generators at a pH of 9-10, an
acceptable compromise to control
corrosion rates of steam generator
materials and to prevent the
formation of adherent deposits.
The total phosphate concentration
and its Na/P04 ratio in feedwater
control the pH of the bulk water in
a steam generator and the deposit
composition in dry-out regions.
The graphs and tables presented
in this paper precisely correlate
pH, total phosphate, and sodium-
to-phosphate ratio, when the
technique described is used for pH
measurements.
Sodium Phosphate G. ECONOMY, A. J. PANSON, CHIA-TSUN LIU, J. N. ESPOSITO, W. T. Despite the long history of use of
Solutions at Boiler LINDSAY, JR., Westinghouse Research Laboratories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania sodium phosphates in boilers and
Conditions: Solubility, steam generating systems of many
Phase Equilibria, and types, the physical chemistry of
Interactions with Magnetite these compounds in hot water has
only partially been unraveled. This
is especially true with regard to the
complicated phase relationships
and interactions of sodium
phosphates with other solutes and
solids that are found in boilers.
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Page 1801 of 5199 01/27/2018

This paper reviews some aspects
of the problem that have engaged
our attention recently.
Thermodynamic factors that
influence local concentrations and
compositions of sodium phosphate
are reviewed. Recent solubility and
phase equilibria information for the
disodium phosphate range of
composition has extended our
knowledge of these factors. New
data are presented concerning the
effects of concentration,
composition, and temperature on
reactions of sodium phosphate
solutions with magnetite. These
reversible reactions can have an
important influence on locally
generated conditions.
Sodium Phosphate G. ECONOMY, A. J. PANSON, CHIA-TSUN LIU, J. N. ESPOSITO, W. T.
Solutions at Boiler LINDSAY, JR., Westinghouse Research Laboratories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Conditions: Solubility,
Phase Equilibria, and
Interactions with Magnetite
Sodium Phosphate D. E. NOLL, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Solutions at Boiler
Conditions: Solubility,
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IWC-75~17 Report
Page 1804 of 5199 01/27/2018

Phase Equilibria, and
Interactions with Magnetite
Rapid Determination of E. L. HENN, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania A highly sensitive and accurate
Trace Iron and Copper in method of analyzing for traces of
Boiler Water Systems by iron and copper in boiler
Flameless Atomic feedwaters and condensates has
Absorption been developed . The method is
much faster than colorimetric
techniques and less susceptible to
contamination because less
sample handling is involved. The
flameless atomic absorption
method uses an electrically heated
graphite tube as an atomization
source and provides much greater
sensitivity than the flame method..
Studies in our laboratories show
that the flameless atomic
absorption method is about five
times faster than colorimetric-
extraction methods. In other
words, five samples can be
analyzed by flameless AA in the
same period of time that one
sample can be analyzed
colorimetrically. Add to this an
additional savings in reagents and
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IWC-75~18 Report
Page 1807 of 5199 01/27/2018

it can be seen that, for utilities
which must perform many trace
metal analyses, flameless atomic
absorption is well worth the
investment.
Investigation of G. W. BRADLEY, L. D. MARTIN, W. P. BANKS, J. G. FROST, Halliburton The primary purpose of the
Ammonium Citrate Services, Duncan, Oklahoma present investigation was to
Cleaning Solvents determine the conditions that
facilitate optimum copper
dissolution and steel passivation
using aqueous ammonium citrate
solvents. This study involved the
determination of (a) the extent of
magnetite dissolution, (b)
electrochemical polarization curves
for copper and mild steel, (c) rest
potentials for steel, copper, and
coupled steel-copper electrodes,
and (d) weight loss of copper
coupons. Aqueous ammonium
citrate solutions were found to be
effective for dissolving magnetite,
under proper conditions, over the
temperature range 140-200° F.
The results of both electrochemical
studies and weight loss tests with
aqueous ammonium citrate
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IWC-75~19 Report
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solutions show that bromate is a
more effective oxidant than nitrite
and that several common,
commercially available inhibitors
for steel significantly interfere with
the dissolution of copper by
bromate and nitrite.
Operational Experience J. H. ANDERSON, H. R. HERRIGEL, P. J. JOHANSEN, Resources This report summarizes the
with Brine Concentrators Conservation Company, Renton, West Virginia operational experience to date of
in Electric Utility three Brine Concentrators using
Wastewater Treatment long tube, vertical falling film vapor
compression evaporators
operating on cooling tower
blowdown. It is intended as a
follow-on report to the paper by W.
W. Stickney and W. R. Andrews
which was presented at the 1974
Meeting of the International Water
Conference. That presentation
included a detailed developmental
history of the Brine Concentrator
and its application at electric power
generating stations to support
attainment of "zero liquid
discharge". The three Brine
Concentrator installations to be
discussed are at coal-fired electric
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IWC-75~21 Report
IWC-75~22 Report
Page 1813 of 5199 01/27/2018

power generating stations.
Use of an Acrylic Strong PETER DOWN, Ecodyne, Graver Water Conditioning Co., Union, New Jersey
Base Anion Resin in
Bearing Waters
Chlorine Dioxide Multi- WILLIAM J. WARD, Olin Water Services, Kansas City, Kansas This paper discusses the basic
Purpose Oxidant for data concerning the chemistry of
Water/Wastewater chlorine dioxide and application
Treatment experiences in several areas of
chlorine dioxide utilization.
Chlorine dioxide is a known
molecule with some very unique
and valuable properties. While
much about chlorine dioxide is left
to be discovered, a great deal is
already known about the
application potentials of chlorine
dioxide in a wide range of uses. It
does have some very specific
properties, such as selective
oxidation, broad pH biocontrol
range and odor control capabilities
that make it an obvious choice for
some applications.
Chlorine Monitoring in D. C. KUCHER, G. F. CONNELL, Capital Controls Company The purpose of this paper is to
Cooling Water Discharge examine the application of
amperometric type chlorine
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Page 1816 of 5199 01/27/2018

amperometric type chlorine
residual analyzers to condenser
cooling water, to review some of
the problems encountered in these
applications and discuss some of
the solutions used. The need to
monitor the chlorine residual in
cooling water discharge has
become vital because of the
evaluation of its impact on
receiving waters, the potential
destruction of marine life and the
possible waste of energy in the
form of excess chlorine treatment.
Recent EPA regulations have
established maximum levels of 0.2
mg/l chlorine residual for any given
24-hour period and 0.5 mg/l for
any 2-hour time period.
Pretreatment filtration is required
to remove slime from cooling water
samples Methods of cleaning the
electrodes are discussed; a
continuing problem is black copper
oxide deposits at low pH and
inconsistent low level readings in
brackish and salt waters which
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IWC-76~01 Paper
Page 1819 of 5199 01/27/2018

Operating Experiences TEX R. HUGHES, RONALD D. WINDON, Monongahela Power Company, Harrison Power Station, located on
with the Reverse Osmosis Haywood, West Virginia the West Fork River in Harrison
System at Harrison Power County West Virginia, had the
Station three identical units with coal fired
boilers. The most significant
aspect of these boilers for this
paper was that they required
125gpm of make-up water with
mixed bed demineralizers as the
final treatment process. Reverse
osmosis, RO, was chosen to
correct initial problems with the
limited raw water supply and high
feed conductivity. Spiral wound RO
units were installed after the
pretreatment system. In the initial
operation of the RO unit at
Harrison Station, many problems
in design and operation were
encountered and discussed in this
paper. It should be apparent that
the majority of these problems
were caused by inexperience.. The
choice of R.O. to augment the
demineralizer water supply still
appears to have been the best
solution to the problem; however,
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IWC-76~02 Paper
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after experiencing some
operational problems, the R.O.
plant and its integration into the
makeup system should have
received more careful
consideration.
Operating Experiences D. M. McKEE, The Permutit Company, Silver Spring, Maryland
with the Reverse Osmosis
System at Harrison Power
Station
Operating Experiences RICHARD B. FUDGE, Eastman Kodak Company, Windsor, Colorado The use of reverse osmosis as a
with 800 GPM Membrane means of pretreating water to be
Process Pretreatment demineralized, on a large scale,
System at Eastman has proven to be a very practical
Kodak, Windsor, Colorado and successful undertaking at
Kodak Colorado removing the
particulate silica and algae in the
demineralized water. Low
conductivity water containing
essentially no suspended matter is
produced consistently. Operating
records show that results have met
or exceeded expectations based
upon operation of the pilot plant. A
recovery rate as high as 79% is
achieved at the design
temperature of 77°F and the
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IWC-76~03 Paper
Page 1828 of 5199 01/27/2018

rejection rate is 90% or better.
Sewer loading has been
decreased significantly and we
expect resin life in the
demineralizers to be extended and
since they see no dirt or algae,
their regenerations have been
reduced. The use of reclaimed
cooling water has reduced the
steam consumption for heating.
Studies are presently underway to
find a use for the concentrated
waste stream.
Operating Experiences GEORGE J. CRITS, Cochrane Environmental Systems, Crane Company, King of
with 800 GPM Membrane Prussia, Pennsylvania
Process Pretreatment
System at Eastman
Kodak, Windsor, Colorado
Operation and J. B. LAWLAR, Allied Chemical Corporation, Morristown, NJ The discharge of blowdown from a
Performance of a Zero recirculating cooling tower results
Blowdown Recirculating in pollution of the receiving water
Cooling Tower due to: Increased concentration of
the dissolved salts from the
organic-phosphate treatment in the
tower water from evaporation; The
un-dissolved solids washed from
the air; Dead microbiological
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IWC-76~18 Report
Page 1831 of 5199 01/27/2018

growths;. Corrosion products of the
metals in the system. This
blowdown also contains significant
amounts of treatment chemicals.
Environmental restrictions on the
discharge of these pollutants have
given rise to the development of
various treatment chemicals and
processes for overcoming this
problem. The development of a
closed circuit cooling system is
described in this paper with
chromate-zinc treatment and
softened makeup water which
eliminates pollution resulting from
blowdown.
Operation and WAYNE L. SMITH, Betz Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, Pennsylvania
Performance of a Zero
Blowdown Recirculating
Cooling Tower
Countercurrent J. R. HOWARD, V. G. MORGAN, Ohio Edison Company, Stratton, Ohio With increasing demand for
Demineralizer at Ohio makeup water at the Ohio Edison's
Edison Sammis Station W. H. Sammis Plant, Stratton,
Ohio the conventional three bed
demineralizer system was
replaced with pretreatment carbon
filters and a two bed
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IWC-76~04 Paper
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countercurrent demineralizer using
an upflow service cycle and a short
downflow regeneration. There was
a problem with sodium leakage
from the anion bed caused by
carryover of cation resin fines to
the anion bed which was corrected
with cartridge filters.
Ion Exchange Mechanism I. M. ABRAMS, Diamond Shamrock Corporation, Redwood City, California
Chromate and Water A. A. SCHULDT, R. R. HABER, The Steel Company of Canada, Ltd., Hamilton, The Hilton Head steelworks,
Recovery from a Tin Ontario Hamilton, Ontario is a fully
Plating Operation using integrated steelmaking complex
Ion Exchange and approximately 340 million U.S.
Technologies gallons of water were required per
day. Consequently, water
treatment operation was an
important aspect of production. Ion
exchange was used to prepare
water for the electrolytic tin plating
process and was one of many
devices that were required to make
tinplating a pollution-free
operation. This paper described
the development and
implementation of the ion
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IWC-76~05 Paper
Page 1837 of 5199 01/27/2018

implementation of the ion
exchange system which operates
in conjunction with the last stage,
the chemical treatment section, for
purifying the rinse water
contaminated with hexavalent
chromates. A two stage ion-
exchange system, two strong acid
cation resins was followed by two
medium weak base strong base
macroreticular anion resins. The
lead anion resin could be operated
to saturation and regenerated to
give sodium dichromate for reuse.
The other water impurities were
removed and clear water recycled
to the process.
Chromate and Water ALEX HIMSLEY, Himsley Engineering Ltd., Toronto, Canada
Recovery from a Tin
Plating Operation using
Ion Exchange
Technologies
New Technology for the M. J. ELLIS, R. KUNIN, Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA An ion exchange system based on
Recovery of Chromates the use of weakly basic
from Cooling Tower macroreticular anion exchange
Blowdown resin effectively and economically
reduced chromate levels below the
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IWC-76~06 Paper
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maximum permissible limit (the
current drinking water standard
was 50 ppb) in cooling tower
blowdown. The chromate could be
recovered during regeneration in a
form readily recycled into the
cooling water tower. In addition,
the system could be integrated
with the use of a weakly acidic
cation exchange resin, for the
removal of trivalent chromium and
the recovery of zinc used with
chromate in the cooling tower
treatment. The paper discussed
various configurations and
applications of this resin and
typical performance and cost data.
New Technology for the STEPHEN B. GALE, Andco Environmental Process, Inc., Buffalo, New York
Recovery of Chromates
from Cooling Tower
Blowdown
Autoclave Simulation M. J. WOOTTEN, G. ECONOMY, T. S. BULISCHECK, Westinghouse Research In the operation of nuclear steam
Studies of Condenser In- Laboratories, Pittsburgh, PA generators, the consequences of
Leakage in Nuclear Steam contamination of the secondary
Generators side water by in-leaking cooling
water have been the subject of
considerable concern. Theoretical
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Page 1843 of 5199 01/27/2018

considerations show that sea
water, brackish water, and some
types of fresh water are acid
forming waters whereas other
types of fresh waters are possibly
able to form free alkalinity when
leaked into a steam generator. An
apparatus is described that
enables one to investigate the
effect of cooling water
composition, condenser in-leakage
rates, and blowdown rates on the
solution chemistry in nuclear
steam generators. Contaminants
are injected at a known dilution
into condensate that is recirculated
to an autoclave boiler,
Concentration of non-volatile
species within the autoclave and
changes in bulk water chemistry
are monitored by analysis of the
blowdown. Preliminary results with
sea water in-leakage are
discussed.
Autoclave Simulation M. J. WOOTTEN, G. ECONOMY, T. S. BULISCHECK, Westinghouse Research
Studies of Condenser In- Laboratories, Pittsburgh, PA
Leakage in Nuclear Steam
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IWC-76~07 Paper
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Generators
Autoclave Simulation FREDERICK J. POCOCK, Alliance Research Center, R & D Div., The Babcock &
Studies of Condenser In- Wilcox Company, Alliance, Ohio
Leakage in Nuclear Steam
Generators
Control of Corrosion J. ROZENBERG, L. DOLLE, R. DARRAS, Commissariat A l'Energie Atomique, In recent years, research carried
Products Movement and CEN Saclay, France out at the Commissariat A
Deposited Activities in l'Energie Atomique dealt with the
Reactor Circuits various problems. In particular, the
production of tritium in primary
water depends on the isotopic
purity of the lithium used for
conditioning. The behavior of
strongly basic anionic resins
depends on the amount of
exchangeable chloride which they
contain. Finally, the transport of
corrosion and fission products is
the subject of systematic
observations in reactors and on an
in-pile pressurized water loop,
Irene, placed in the 70 MW
swimming pool reactor, Osiris, at
Saclay. This paper describes the
main results obtained with
controlled cooling and reheating
which confirmed the complexity of
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IWC-77~08 Report
Page 1849 of 5199 01/27/2018

which confirmed the complexity of
behavior of corrosion products.
The certainty of substantial
movement of activated corrosion
products conveyed in insoluble
form, without the observation of
equivalent movements of chemical
species, implies a preponderant
contribution of cladding zirconia to
the transport mechanism. The
corrosion products deposited on
fuel elements are detached by the
thermal shock at the same time as
the zirconium oxide which covers
the cladding.
Control of Corrosion J. ROZENBERG, L. DOLLE, R. DARRAS, Commissariat A l'Energie Atomique,
Products Movement and CEN Saclay, France
Deposited Activities in
Reactor Circuits
Control of Corrosion YALE SOLOMON, Nuclear Energy Systems, PWR Systems Div., Westinghouse
Products Movement and Electric Corp., Forest Hills, Pennsylvania
Deposited Activities in
Reactor Circuits
Boiler Design JOSEPH A. LUX, Babcock & Wilcox, South Barberton, Ohio .
Treatment of Equipment REGIS R. STANA, MICHAEL C. SKRIBA, Westinghouse R&D Center,

Drain Wastes in a Nuclear Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Power Plant with an
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IWC-76~08 Report
Page 1852 of 5199 01/27/2018

Power Plant with an
Electro Magnetic Filter and
Ultrafiltration System
EPRI Programs in R. A. SHAW, D. L. UHL, Nuclear Engineering and Operations Department, The Nuclear Power Division of the
Radiation Control at Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California Electric Power Research Institute
Nuclear Power Plants is supporting research programs
whose goal is to improve plant
reliability and availability. The
control of radiation fields
associated with the reactor coolant
system is one of the major
objectives of the Nuclear
Engineering and Operations
Department, NE&O. Three major
contracts will provide a Light Water
Reactor, LWR, plant chemistry and
radiation field data base, and will
evaluate methods to reduce and
control plant radiation fields. A
smaller program to provide LWR
radiation field information was
recently completed in which the
primary system shutdown radiation
fields at operating nuclear plants
were evaluated and trended and a
small Technical Planning Study
was completed at Oconee-1 during
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IWC-76~09 Paper
Page 1855 of 5199 01/27/2018

its second refueling. Several other
programs are underway or planned
to determine corrosion product
properties and evaluate in plant
operational, chemistry control and
decontamination effects
A New Look at Lime ROBERT S. BOYNTON, CLIFFORD J. LEWIS, National Lime Association, This paper reviewed the history of
Lakewood, Col. lime and its widespread
application, not just to farmer’s
fields and outhouses, but for
increasing environmental uses.
Lime products of varying basicity;
quicklime, high calcium lime,
dolomitic lime, hydrated lime, lime
slurry, and production methods;
calcining, and slaking were
described. Advanced air pollution
control systems on kilns to meet
EPA standards had increased the
energy costs of lime production
and there were also environmental
and zoning restrictions on quarries
and mining.
A New Look at Lime CHARLES J. McCORMICK, Dravo Lime Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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IWC-76~10 Paper
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The Calcination and CHARLES J. KUNESH, Pfizer, Inc., Easton, PA As the discussions presented in
Slaking of Quicklime this paper have suggested,
utilization of quicklime for any
particular application is often not
as straightforward as it might
initially appear. Therefore, it is very
important that anyone faced with
the task of designing a quicklime
using process or specifying
quicklime products or equipment
for such a process seek out
qualified advice as early as
possible. Some chemical and
physical properties of a variety of
high calcium quicklimes
commercially available show
considerable variations in porosity,
particle size, chemical purity and
reactivity. However, most
quicklime can be successfully
slaked to form a high solids paste
or liquid slurry if proper equipment
and procedures are used.
The Calcination and WILLIAM J. DOYLE, SI Lime Company, Birmingham, Alabama
Slaking of Quicklime
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IWC-76~11 Paper
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Mechanics of Handling JOSEPH L. BEALS, Wallace & Tiernan Div., Pennwalt Corporation, Belleville, NJ Hydrated lime slurries are used in
Lime Slurries many water and waste treatment
processes. The designer of slurry
systems should give consideration
to slurry stabilization - completed
reactions and removal of abrasive
solids - and to the selection of
slurry tanks, agitators, level
sensors, piping, valves and
pumps. This paper explains slurry
stabilization, to point out some
problems common to system
components, and to suggest
solutions. Lime slurries are
prepared by adding water to
hydrated lime or by slaking
quicklime. In either case, the result
is a water suspension of hydrated
lime. Attention to a few design
principles will minimize the effect
of operator error or accidental
malfunction. Stabilized lime
slurries can be handled in a
manner which will minimize
problems resulting from their
physical and chemical nature.
Mechanics of Handling LOUIS SYBERT, Bechtel Corporation, San Francisco, California
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IWC-76~12 Paper
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Lime Slurries
Operation of an 80% DON DUNCAN, Town Creek Sewage Treatment Plant, The City of Salisbury, The sewage treatment system of
Industrial, 20% Sanitary North Carolina the City of Salisbury, NC, where
Waste Treatment Plant the influent consisted of 80%
industrial and 20% domestic
sewage. The main industrial
sources were two textile dying
plants, an aluminum processing
plant and a chemical
manufacturing plant. A Sewer Use
Ordinance regulated all industrial
waste with prohibitions, such as
heavy metals, and acceptable
waste identification procedures.
Surcharges were imposed on
COD, BOD and suspended solids
if the limits were exceeded. The
paper discussed upgrades to the
sewage treatment system and
operating procedures. Dewatered
sludge is removed by aerobic
digestion, dewatered and field
disked into the soil.
Operation of an 80% ANDREW J. KICINSKI, Penn Environmental Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh,
Industrial, 20% Sanitary Pennsylvania
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IWC-76~17 Paper
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Industrial, 20% Sanitary Pennsylvania
Waste Treatment Plant
Evaluating Polishing JOSEPH R. DULOVICH, Ohio Edison Company, Stratton, Ohio This paper discusses an
Demineralizer evaluation program for deep-bed
Performance using Cation polishing demineralizers installed
Concentration Columns at the Ohio Edison's W. H. Sammis
Plant, Stratton, Ohio. The polishers
contain gel-type resins which are
externally regenerated at the
sodium break. The regeneration
equipment includes a lime-system,
available to exchange sodium from
the cation resin which transfers
with the anion resin. A six-month
program was conducted to monitor
the quality of the condensate and
the common polisher effluent to
determine polisher efficiency.
Impurities in the samples were
concentrated by means of cation
resin columns which were
regenerated and the elutant
analyzed for various constituents.
Initial objectives of the study
included: Evaluating the amount of
sodium leakage from the polishers;
Determining the accuracy of
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IWC-76~13 Paper
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Determining the accuracy of
continuous sodium monitoring
equipment; Evaluating the current
water treatment program as it
applies to the units being studied.
The cation concentration column
technique has been proven to be a
valuable method of evaluating the
performance of polishing
demineralizers
Complying with NPDES JAMES J. BINDER, TRC - The Research Corporation of New England, Because a large number of
Monitoring Requirements Wethersfield, Conn. WILLIAM B. LAIRD, American Optical Corporation, National Pollutant Discharge
for Cooling Water: A Case Southbridge, Mass Elimination System, NPDES,
History permits had to be issued recently
in New England in a short time
period, it was difficult for the
federal and state regulatory
agencies to tailor each permit to
either a particular plant in an
industry or to a particular site.
Unquestioned compliance with
permit demands that do not relate
directly to a plant within an industry
or to a specific site is costly and
unnecessary. Consequently, non-
specific permit requirements
should be challenged in the proper
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IWC-76~14 Paper
Page 1873 of 5199 01/27/2018

manner. This paper describes the
successful approach taken by the
American Optical Corporation and
TRC - The Research Corporation
of New England to comply with
such a NPDES permit at a glass
processing facility for open and
closed cycle cooling water
systems. In reviewing the success
of the project to date, it is
advisable to involve the regulatory
agencies in both the planning and
the execution of compliance
survey programs in a site specific
manner. This technique benefits
industry, regulatory bodies, and
the public since it insures that a
reasonable and effective course of
action is being taken to reduce
pollution in the nation's waters.
Complying with NPDES STEPHEN M. HENRY, Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Div. Fisheries &
Monitoring Requirements Game), Westboro, Massachusetts
for Cooling Water: A Case
History
Disposal of Waste C. W. JONES, Georgia Power Company, Atlanta, Georgia ,G. W. LEWIS, L. D. Field tests were conducted with a
Ammoniacal Bromate and MARTIN, Halliburton Services,, Duncan, OK balanced draft unit to determine
Ammonium Bifluoride the feasibility of disposal by
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IWC-76~15 Paper
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Solutions by Evaporation evaporation of an ammoniacal
bromate and persulfate solutions
containing copper and a
hydroxyacetic acid solution
containing ammonium bifluoride. A
thermogravimetric analysis was
conducted to determine if sodium
bromate could be burned without
the liberation of obnoxious
decomposition products and. small
samples of ammoniated sodium
bromate were aspirated and
evaporated which confirmed the
absence of obnoxious combustion
products. These test results
demonstrate that it is safe and
practicable to dispose of both of
these power plant boiler solutions
by evaporation. This paper also
presents the results of the field
investigation.
Disposal of Waste JAMES S. POOLE, Sheppard T. Powell Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
Ammoniacal Bromate and
Ammonium Bifluoride
Solutions by Evaporation
Condensate Polishing B. A. DERRICK, South Carolina Electric & Gas Company, Columbia, S.C., K. L. Wateree Supercritical Station of
Experience at Wateree ATWOOD, NUS Corporation, Houston, Texas South Carolina Electric and Gas
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Page 1879 of 5199 01/27/2018

Station Co. contains two turbine generator
sets. Steam is generated in two
coal-fired steam generators and
each unit contains a full flow mixed
deep bed condensate polisher
which employs external
regeneration. Provisions were
made in the polisher design to
allow operation at high pH on the
ammonia cycle with no copper in
the steam system. The provision of
this ammoniation capability and
poor resin separation and
inventory control, combined with a
lack of recommended operating
instructions in the proper
application of polishers operating
past the ammonia exhaustion
point, led to serious damage in
both Wateree boilers and turbines.
This damage occurred because of
excessive deposition of preboiler
corrosion products in furnace
walls, and sodium salt deposition
in the turbines. Following extensive
repairs and upgrading the
condensate polishers have
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IWC-76~16 Paper
Page 1882 of 5199 01/27/2018

operated on the hydrogen cycle
until the ammonia breakthrough.
Condensate Polishing JAMES P. CASEY, Cochrane Environmental Systems – Crane Co., King of
Experience at Wateree Prussia, Pennsylvania
Station
New Requirements for Ion I. M. ABRAMS, Diamond Shamrock Chemical Company, Redwood City, Cal. Current needs for improved
Exchange in Condensate performance of ion exchange
Polishing condensate polishers called for
sodium levels below one ppb and
chloride levels below 1.5 ppb. Can
these levels be achieved by
current ion exchange technology
and be accurately and reliably
determined? How can such
performance best be achieved?
The fundamentals of the pertinent
ion-exchange reactions with
emphasis on ion exchange
equilibria were applied to
calculations for deep-bed
polishers. To maintain sub-ppb ion
leakage, regenerable deep-bed ion
exchange was not routine or
foolproof. The need for
understanding of the ion-exchange
process and for adequate training
and diligent supervision of
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and diligent supervision of
operating personnel could not be
over-emphasized. Sodium or
chloride leakage from a
condensate polisher depends
primarily on the amount of these
ions remaining in a mixed bed
when a unit was placed in service.
Thus adequate separation,
regeneration and rinsing were
essential in achieving sub-ppb
levels in condensate polishing,
especially when the mixed beds
were operating in the ammonia
cycle. Some of the practical
operating considerations for resin
selection and regeneration
procedures for optimum
performance were emphasized.
New Requirements for Ion I. M. ABRAMS, Diamond Shamrock Chemical Company, Redwood City, Cal.
Exchange in Condensate
Polishing
New Requirements for Ion Dr. CARL CAIN, Jr., Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, Tennessee
Exchange in Condensate
Polishing
Evaluating Polishing LEONARD J. LEFEVRE, Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Michigan
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IWC-76~19 Report
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Demineralizer
Performance using Cation
Concentration Columns
Electrochemical Treatment WALTER ZABBAN, The Chester Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

of Cooling Water
Blowdown
High Gradient Magnetic JOHN R. HARLAND, ROBERT M. NICHOLS, Sala Magnetics, Inc., Cambridge, High Gradient Magnetic Filters,
Filters for Boiler Water Mass HGMFs, have been designed and
Treatment tested for use in boiler feed and
steam condensate polishing
applications to remove sub-micron
heavy metal oxide suspended
solids. These filters are highly
efficient and have low power
requirements. Filter wear is limited
due to no moving parts, and long
filter life can be expected. HGMF
filters can mean that boiler tube life
may be increased, cleaning can be
scheduled more reliably, and
blowdown water can be recycled.
Heat transfer efficiency should be
maintained for longer periods and
the chance development of hot
spots should be decreased.
Overall system efficiency should
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IWC-76~20 Report
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also be improved especially by
protection of components such as
ion exchange resins and by fuel
and maintenance savings. Tests to
date have borne out the results
expected from consideration of the
theory of high gradient magnetic
separation.
Recent Experience with a FRED FLOR, ROBERT KUNIN, Rohm And Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA Recent water treatment research
New Thermally has led to the development of
Regenerable Ion membrane processes and a
Exchange Resin System thermally regenerable ion
exchange resins with both weak
base and weak acid functional
groups which is regenerated with
hot water. This deionization resin
can be used to partially desalinate
brackish water having up to 3,000
ppm of dissolved solids. Overall
salinity reductions of 60 to 80
percent and yields in the range of
65 to 90 percent are achievable for
brackish water supplies. Recent
pilot plant studies in Japan have
shown that the best overall
performance for deionization resin
can be obtained using a
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IWC-76~21 Report
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continuous process.
Galvanic Probe Oxygen RICHARD A. EVANGELISTA, Rexnord Instrument Products, Malvern, Pa., Measurement of oxygen
Analysis NATHANIEL H. GORIN, WILLIAM J. HAMILTON, Naval Ship Engineering concentration classically has not
Center, Philadelphia, PA been a straightforward task.
Electrochemists have developed a
simple, reliable detection method,
based on the electrochemical
reduction of oxygen gas in the
presence of water to hydroxide ion.
Under suitable conditions at a
cathode, reduction of oxygen
proceeds smoothly. The net
electrochemical reaction described
may be monitored through the
measurement of one more
electrical parameters associated
with the oxygen reduction. The
systematic industrial application
and development of a galvanic
measurement for oxygen partial
pressure (or in solution,
concentration) is the subject of this
paper. The lead anode and
platinum cathode are immersed in
50% potassium iodide cell
electrode. Oxygen passes through
a thin teflon membrane and
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IWC-76~22 Report
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generates a current proportional to
the oxygen concentration with
temperature compensation. The
cell does not require zeroing and
can be calibrated in air, at 21%
oxygen, and by the ASTM D888-
66 colorimetric method or by using
a volumetric addition procedure to
deaerated water for low oxygen
levels. The results of plant testing
are also summarized.
Instantaneous Versus JOSEPH B. AROTS, Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, Del Seven different recirculating
Coupon Corrosion Rates cooling water inhibitor systems
in Laboratory Test were used in a laboratory study
comparing the instantaneous
corrosion rates developed by an
electrode polarization resistance
method with classical weight loss
data. A plot of the instantaneous
rate data vs. time generated a
unique curve for each inhibitor
system. Only a qualitative
agreement developed between the
three specimen types used in
weight loss measurement, but two-
thirds of the demountable probes
had calculated rates in agreement
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IWC-76~23 Report
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with terminal instantaneous values.
Indications of local corrosion
activity via a Pitting Index were
corroborated two out of three times
when probes were examined with
a microscope.
Hideout - A Measure of PETER P. LALENA, Long Island Lighting Co., Glenwood Landing, NY The Long Island Lighting Co.,
Boiler Cleanliness - and LILCO, has been using the hideout
More test technique for thirteen years to
determine the need for chemical
cleaning. Hideout, by definition, is
that portion of dissolved sodium
phosphate that precipitates from
solution as the steam flow
increases, reaching minimum
soluble concentration at maximum
load. As steam flow decreases the
reverse is true; sodium phosphate
is redissolved, reaching maximum
concentration at minimum load.
The amount of soluble phosphate,
therefore, varies inversely with
boiler steam loading. Percent
phosphate hideout diminished with
boiler operating time. It was always
maximum on a clean boiler, i.e.,
after a chemical cleaning or start
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IWC-77~01 Paper
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up of a new unit. We have used
the hideout data to determine
when the boiler requires chemical
cleaning believing that the boiler
was at its dirtiest when the
phosphate hideout was at
minimum. A number of case
studies have shown that hideout
results could indicate cleaning
effectiveness and active corrosion.
Effect of Drum Internal GLEN W. BAGGLEY, IVAN J. BROZ, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, Poor steam purity, or inadequate
Design and Water Aliquippa, PA circulation and tube corrosion
Treatment on Corrosion, plagued J&L's two 900 psig, 9000
Circulation and Steam F boilers since their initial start-up
Purity at the Aliquippa Steel Works in
early 1969. Carryover was directly
responsible for wrecking a topping
turbine on a blast furnace blower
as well as for rupturing
superheater tubes. In an effort to
minimize the carryover, the drum
internals were redesigned five
times, but circulation was
adversely affected resulting in
boiler tube corrosion. The drum
internal designs, tube design and
water treatment changes affected
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IWC-77~02 Paper
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carry over, circulation, corrosion
and drum level control. These
changes and their effects are
described in this paper. A
hydrogen analysis evaluation
indicated that a chelate (EDTA)
was responsible for the hydrogen
evolution and boiler corrosion in
steam blanketed areas. Modified
chelant and phosphate boiler
treatments, including organic
phosphonate were tested with
limited success. Sodium analyzers
indicated steam quality was
affected by boiler dynamics and
upsets.
Effect of Drum Internal DAVID E. SIMON II, NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Design and Water
Treatment on Corrosion,
Circulation and Steam
Purity
Water and Chemical RICHARD HETHERINGTON, Epicor, Inc., Linden, NJ
Recovery by Reciprocating
Flow Ion Exchange
Water Treatment for High HARVEY L. BULLIS, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio The purpose of this paper is to
Makeup Industrial Steam show how one multi-plant
Generation Systems organization has minimized
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Generation Systems organization has minimized
unscheduled outages of boilers
caused by water side conditions.
Reliability of operations is
emphasized to ensure economy
and safety. Major factors that have
contributed to the Stirling drum
boiler’s reliability of greater than
99.44% are the following:
Adequate water treatment;
Training for operators and
supervisors; Supervision of results
by professional consulting
laboratories; Establishment of
suitable control limits and
adherence to these limits;
Thorough annual boiler inspections
by competent boiler inspectors,
Adequate maintenance based on
boiler inspections; Periodic
auditing of results for the last 18
years. Except for the item on
auditing, all of the above factors
have been in effect for at least 50
years.
Water Treatment for High HARVEY L. BULLIS, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio
Makeup Industrial Steam
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IWC-77~03 Paper
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Generation Systems
Water Treatment for High GEORGE A. PEABODY, Calgon Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Makeup Industrial Steam
Generation Systems
Inter-Relationship of MARC L. BEARDSLEY, Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, IL This paper discusses corrosion in
Deposits and Corrosion in recirculating cooling water
Recirculating Cooling systems, and points out its great
Water Systems dependency on control of deposits.
Deposits cause corrosion by
several different mechanisms
which can operate independently
and which frequently operate
cooperatively. The mechanisms
discussed in this article include:
Differential aeration; Ion
concentration; Selective leaching
(dealloying); Erosion-corrosion;
Temperature differentials,
Anaerobic bacteria. Alloys must be
kept free of deposits to avoid both
lost heat transfer efficiency and
corrosion .Alloys may not always
be the best economical or
technical solution for a corrosion
problem. The answer to a
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IWC-77~04 Paper
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particular problem must take into
account the metallurgical,
environmental, and
electrochemical factors. Heat
transfer efficiency and equipment
reliability can be optimized.
Factors such as water chemistry,
mechanical considerations, and
chemical aids can be molded into
a comprehensive control package
Inter-Relationship of PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, P. R. Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio
Deposits and Corrosion in
Water Systems
The Corrosion and ROGER C. MAY, Betz Laboratories Inc., Trevose, PA Corrosion and zincification of brass
Dezincification of Brass in are serious problems in cooling
Cooling Water water systems, particularly for
Environments water reuse and the increasing use
of copper alloys. Data published
has shown that aminotrimethylene
phosphonate, AMP, a commonly
used deposit control agent, is
corrosive to copper alloys at high
concentrations. The purpose of
this work was to measure, at
realistic use levels, the effect of
various cooling water additives on
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IWC-77~05 Paper
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the corrosion and dezincification of
copper-based alloys. Particular
emphasis was placed on admirality
brass in phosphonates and
benzotriazole, BZT.
The Corrosion and ALBERT L. STUEVER, Hussey Metals Div., Copper Range Co., Leetsdale, PA
Dezincification of Brass in
Cooling Water
Environments
Controlling Corrosion JACK T. MAURER, Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Brackenridge, PA During the past several years, a
Problems with the New number of new high technology
High Technology Stainless alloys have been made available
Steels to provide new options in the battle
to control corrosion failures. Many
new stainless steels are available
as a part of the continued effort to
solve the varied and complex
problems of corrosion. It is not
possible to review all of these
materials or even provide a
comprehensive study of a few of
their developments. This paper will
review a number of the promising
austenitic and ferritic stainless
steels to provide a basis for further
investigation and use where their
individual and specific properties
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IWC-77~06 Report
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indicate a potential solution to
corrosion problems including
crevice and pitting, boiling
solutions, concentrated acids and
stress corrosion cracking.
Controlling Corrosion T. C. HOPPE, Black & Veatch, Consulting Engineers, Kansas City, Missoouri
Problems with the New
High Technology Stainless
Steels
External Treatment for FRANK N. KEMMER, Nalco Chemical Co., Oak Brook, Illinois The purpose of this report is to
Industrial Boiler Systems present a general review of the
basic control limits in industrial
boiler water operating at or below
1000 psi and the pretreatment
systems used to meet them. This
has shown how makeup treatment
systems may be selected based
on the makeup analysis and these
control limits. Attention has been
focused on the growing importance
of condensate contamination
where high purity feed water is
required and some ways
condensate is being treated
successfully. A wide variety of
process condensates cannot now
be used, and require considerable
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IWC-77~07 Report
IWC-77~09 Report
Page 1924 of 5199 01/27/2018

research to provide an acceptable
degree of treatment for upgrading
to boiler feed water quality. Quality
is of increasing importance for
better boiler efficiency, and more
sophisticated instruments will be
required to assure that we are
achieving optimum quality at all
times.
Internal Boiler Water KARL W. HERMAN, Drew Chemical Corporation, Parsippany, NJ Internal boiler water treatment
Treatment programs are reviewed as means
to control loss in efficiency caused
by either metal loss from corrosion
or heat transfer loss by scale and
deposits. By preventing lost
efficiency and unscheduled down
times, internal treatment is, in fact,
"Preventative Maintenance". An
acceptable internal treatment
program can be designed which
will minimize deposits, corrosion
and carryover This must be
developed in concert with both the
pretreatment program and the
boiler design.
An Overview of Industrial JAMES K. RICE, Consulting Engineer, Olney, Maryland The previous authors in this
Boiler Water Technology session have discussed in
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as Related to connection with industrial steam
Cogeneration generation the current state of' the
art in external water treatment,
internal water treatment and steam
generator design. This paper will
attempt to relate all of these
factors to water technology in the
context of the rapidly rising cost of
energy and the national need to
implement means of energy
conservation. The ASME
Research Committee on Water in
Thermal Power Systems is
presently studying a
comprehensive list of water
technology problems in order to
focus on those areas where the
committee can be of most help.
Furthermore, water technology is
but one of many subjects related to
industrial cogeneration that must
be addressed by the engineering
community. The steam electric
power generation industry has
created in the Electric Power
Research Institute the vehicle to
search out, define, and solve for it
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IWC-77~10 Paper
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Utility Boiler Feedwater A. E. TOOMEY, Central Illinois Public Service Co., Springfield, IL Coffeen Power Station consists of
Treatment at CIPSCO two B & W cyclone fired boilers. A
manmade lake is used for cooling,
and is the source makeup water.
The precipitator fly ash was sluiced
to an ash collecting pond, and the
pond effluent returned to the lake.
By 1976, the lake water TDS,
primarily sulfates in the fly ash and
a decreased lake level caused by
drought conditions, had increased
to the point to water treatment
plant was marginally effective.
Initial attempts to maintain
sufficient quantities of boiler water
were aimed primarily at conserving
lake water. This consisted of
attempts to decrease boiler
makeup and the installation of a
General Ultrasonic Resin Cleaner
to remove resin fines from the
condensate polisher. In A decision
was made to revise the water plant
by using Reverse Osmosis
pretreatment which was placed in
service in the spring of 1977.
Numerous equipment problems
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IWC-77~11 Paper
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and corrective actions were
discussed.
Utility Boiler Feedwater NORMAN B. MILLER, Sheppard T. Powell Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
Treatment at CIPSCO
Operating Experience of a C. W. WAGES, C. W. SMITH, Georgia Power Company, Atlanta Georgia Plant Bowen is fossil fuel plant
Deep-Bed Condensate consisting of four steam turbine
Polishing System generators, each have combined
circulation supercritical boilers.
Each unit had a condensate
polishing system for removing
contaminants in the condensate
system. This paper addressed the
deep bed condensate
demineralizers in the Units 3 & 4
feedwater systems. The external
regeneration used the Seprex
process, mixed bed resins were
backwashed and the anion resin
separated by flotation in a high
concentration of caustic soda, then
transferred and regenerated
separately. Polisher operation was
controlled semi-automatically with
lab technician surveillance and
control to ensure satisfactory
operation past the ammonia break
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IWC-77~12 Paper
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operation past the ammonia break
and also for unit startups and
condenser leaks.
Operating Experience of a ELI SALEM, Graver Water Division, Ecodyne Corporation, Union, New Jersey
Deep-Bed Condensate
Polishing System
Computer Control of a JAMES DUCOTE, JAMES BENKE, City Public Service, San Antonio, Texas, With the continual increase in
Utility Make-Up JAMES BURCHILL, Permutit Co., Paramus, NJ utility boiler sizes, the need for
Demineralizer larger and more efficient make-up
demineralizers has also increased.
Along with this change in size
comes the necessity of more
consistent and reliable make-up
systems. This, paper explains City
Public Service’s, CPS, experience
with a mini-computer to improve
the required consistency and
reliability. Instrument readings and
equipment status data were
transmitted to the computer as
analog and digital electrical
signals. The computer provided
data logging and visual displays on
CRT screens and printer output
and control inputs by the operator.
The system provided reliability and
flexibility with the option of
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IWC-77~13 Paper
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flexibility with the option of
expanding or modifying the
program.
Computer Control of a H. DEAN WILSON, Illinois Water Treatment Company, Rockford, Illinois
Utility Make-Up
Demineralizer
Effect of Condenser Water P. V. BALAKRISHNAN, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Ontario, Corrosive environments may be
In-Leakage on Steam Canada generated within steam generators
Generator Water from condenser cooling water in-
Chemistry leakage. Theoretical as well as
experimental evaluation of the
aggressive environments is being
carried out for the condenser-
cooling waters used at Canada
Deuterium Uranium – Pressurized
Heavy Water, CANDU-PHW,
nuclear power stations.
Calculations have shown that
highly concentrated chloride
solutions - acidic in the case of
seawater in-leakage, and alkaline
in the rest of the cases considered
- would be produced within the
steam generator. Experiments in a
model boiler showed that sea-
water in-leakage caused rapid
corrosion of carbon steel
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IWC-77~14 Paper
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corrosion of carbon steel
components when only All Volatile
Treatment, AVT, was used for
water chemistry control. Use of a
non-volatile reagent, as in the
congruent phosphate treatment,
avoided the rapid corrosion of
carbon steel. On the basis of our
studies, congruent phosphate
treatment during sea water in-
leakage appears desirable.
Effect of Condenser Water P. V. BALAKRISHNAN, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Ontario,
In-Leakage on Steam Canada
Generator Water
Chemistry
Effect of Condenser Water W. T. LINDSAY, Jr., Westinghouse Research & Development Center, Pittsburgh,
In-Leakage on Steam Pennsylvania
Generator Water
Chemistry
Characterization and DAVID L. VENEZKY, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC
Thermal Stability of
Polymers for Boiler
Treatment
Design of PWR Generator H. A. SCHLESINGER, Gibbs & Hill, Inc., New York, NY This paper reviewed pressurized
Blowdown Processing water reactor, PWR, steam
Systems generator blowdown, SGBD,
design and processes, from the
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earlier intermittent low flow rate
operation with a flash tank and, if
radioactive, processing in
radwaste system, and high flow
rate, up to 800 gpm continuous
operation, with two trains
comprising several processing
steps. The SGBD systems at
several PWRs were described and
design criteria discussed, with and
without condensate polishers, and
once through condensate or
cooling towers, in four case
studies. Process steps could
include coolers, cartridge prefilters,
cation and mixed bed ion
exchangers, precoat
filter/demineralizers and
electromagnetic filters. Condenser
and primary to secondary leakage
was also considered in setting the
system capacity.
Recommendations were given for
a two train 800 gpm SGBD
system.
Design of PWR Generator R. E. KELLEY, Portland General Electric Co., Portland Oregon
Blowdown Processing
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IWC-77~15 Paper
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Systems
On-Site Pilot Tests of a J. W. DAVENPORT, D. A. TRUE, New England Power Company, A. S. Large super critical steam
SALA HGMF Magnetic CALDERWOOD, M. TROY, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa., generator systems require high
Filter at New England R. L. SARGENT, Sala Magnetics, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. quality steam cycle water for
Power Company, Brayton operation at acceptable unit
Point Station availability, usually by the full flow
mixed deep bed condensate
polishing demineralizer systems
and proper chemical treatment.
Deep-bed ion exchange columns
are excellent filters, but when used
under heavy suspended solids
loads at startup the ion exchange
capability is not realized. They
require more frequent regeneration
thereby prolonging the plant
startup. A high gradient magnetic
filter, HGMF, was tested on the
condensate feed stream of New
England Power Company's
Brayton Point No. 3 unit to
determine whether the addition of
the high gradient magnetic filter to
the condensate polishing system
would significantly reduce
supercritical unit startup time. The
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IWC-77~16 Paper
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supercritical unit startup time. The
HGMF also offers a very promising
way of reducing the iron oxide
sludge accumulation in PWR
nuclear steam generators, where
such sludge accumulation can
contribute to corrosion failures of
the heat transfer surface and other
components. Installation of high
gradient magnetic filters in the
discharge line from the condensate
pumps could also result in cost
savings in the use of the
condensate polishing
demineraIizers.
On-Site Pilot Tests of a J. W. DAVENPORT, D. A. TRUE, New England Power Company, A. S.
SALA HGMF Magnetic CALDERWOOD, M. TROY, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
Filter at New England R. L. SARGENT, Sala Magnetics, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Power Company, Brayton
Point Station
On-Site Pilot Tests of a WILLIAM R. GREENAWAY, Cyrus Wm. Rice Division, NUS Corporation,
SALA HGMF Magnetic Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Filter at New England
Power Company, Brayton
Point Station
Laboratory Studies in Ion S. J. ELMIGER, N. J. MRAVICH, G. T: UPPERMAN, Babcock & Wilcox, Alliance, Two laboratory studies relating to
Exchange Technology Ohio the operating performance of ion
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Related to Reactor exchange resins used in reactor
Coolant Purification and coolant purification and
Condensate Polishing condensate polishing systems are
Systems presented in this paper. _x000D_
The concentration of boron in
PWR reactor coolant must be
varied during the fuel cycle to
compensate for fuel depletion and
for xenon transients in load follow
plants. Thermal Boron Control is
based on the ability of the strong
base resins to store or release
boron to the reactor coolant by
temperature change between 50°F
and140°F within specific time
intervals. The Thermal Boron
Control tests were described and
the results of equilibrium and
dynamic tests giving boron
capacities and exchange rates
versus temperature are shown. It
was necessary to establish the
effects of temperature cycling on
resin stability. The apparatus used
to conduct tests on the thermal
stability of the resins is described
and the test results
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IWC-77~17 Paper
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shown._x000D_
The powdered resin process is an
ion exchange operation using
extremely fine particle size resins
as a precoat on a specially
designed retainer. Powdered resin
is used to purify water in both fossil
fuel fired and nuclear systems. The
results of powdered resin
laboratory tests conducted using
sodium chloride, silica, and iron
oxides are presented.
Laboratory Studies in Ion S. J. ELMIGER, N. J. MRAVICH, G. T: UPPERMAN, Babcock & Wilcox, Alliance,
Exchange Technology Ohio
Related to Reactor
Coolant Purification and
Systems
Laboratory Studies in Ion SALLIE A. FISHER, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, Pennsylvania
Exchange Technology
Related to Reactor
Coolant Purification and
Systems
Electrochemical Treatment JENO H. HAGGENMACHER, Triad Chemical, Donaldsonville, La. STEPHEN B. Triad Chemical Company's
of Cooling Water GALE, Andco Incorporated, Buffalo, N.Y fertilizer manufacturing plant
Blowdown treated its recirculating cooling
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water system with phosphates to
inhibit corrosion. This resulted in
an increase in operating and
maintenance costs due to the
higher rate of fouling on coolers
and condensers where the
consequent downtime and
decreased efficiency led to search
for an alternative corrosion
inhibiting treatment method. It was
decided that a chromate treatment
with zinc additive would offer a
viable, economic alternative.
However, zinc and chromium are
toxic. Current EPA guidelines
specified that zinc be less than 0.1
ppm. and the U.S. Public Health
Service specifies that hexavalent
chromium be less than 0.05 ppm in
drinking water. In order to maintain
maximum efficiency and corrosion
control provided b y the chromate
treatment, while at the same time
meeting discharge regulations,
Triad Chemical installed a 600
gpm electrochemical chromate
removal unit. The unit removes
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IWC-77~18 Paper
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Chromate Removal by Ion ROGER B. SEWARD, ARCO Chemical Co., Channelview, Texas The Lyondell plant of the ARCO
Exchange Chemical Company is currently
operating one of the first industrial
scale chromate recovery systems
in this country. The chromate
recovery system is located in the
ethylene plant of the Channelview
Texas chemical complex. The
recovery unit is designed to treat a
1100 gpm cooling tower blowdown
stream containing 20-25 ppm
chromate. Suspended solids are
removed in vertical pressure sand
filters. Two strong base anion resin
vessel in series are used to
selectively remove dichromate
from the filtrate which has been
acidified to a pH 3.8 to 4.5. The
resin is regenerated by caustic
brine to the chloride form and acid
rinsed. This unit has operated for
the past sixteen months.
Information contained in this paper
is based upon operating
experiences during this time.
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IWC-77~19 Paper
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Chromate Removal by Ion Walter Zabban, The Chester Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Exchange
Experiences with Reverse MICHAEL SHERM, H. E. MYNHIER, Union Carbide Corporation, S. Charleston, The Environmental Protection
Osmosis in a Pilot-Scale W. VA Agency's interest in defining
Wastewater Renovation acceptable pollutant limits for
System reuse of organic chemical
manufacturing wastewater led to a
jointly-funded pilot project with
Union Carbide. The wastewater
was treated using commercially
available processes for the
removal of suspended solids,
residual organics and dissolved
salts The reuse feasibility of the
final product water as boiler feed
water and cycle cooling water was
tested in two heat transfer test
loops. Dissolved organic and
suspended inorganic and organic
pollutants were removed in the
pretreatment, biological treatment,
and physical-chemical portions of
the pilot system. A salt removal
system of reverse osmosis
followed by ion exchange was
selected as the final treatment step
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IWC-77~20PDT Panel Discussion Transcript
Page 1972 of 5199 01/27/2018

selected as the final treatment step
before testing as boiler feedwater.
Reusability of the renovated
wastewater as boiler feed water
was satisfactorily demonstrated in
tests at a maximum water recovery
of 67 percent. This paper covers
the experience with the reverse
osmosis unit in the pilot renovation
sequence, and discusses solutions
to recognized problems and areas
for additional research
Experiences with Reverse R. A. WALKER, Fluid Systems Div., UOP Inc., San Diego, California
Osmosis in a Pilot-Scale
Wastewater Renovation
System
Treatment of Oily Wastes; Moderator: WALTER ZABBAN, The Chester Engineers Inc._x000D_ The panel of three experts
Ultra Filtration and Panel: E. DENNIS ESCHER, Penn Environmental Consultants Inc. _x000D_ discussed the treatment of oily
Chemical Methods ROBERT HELWICK, The Chester Engineers_x000D_ wastes by membrane techniques,
EDWARD F. MAZIARZ, Aluminum Company of America and by the more conventional acid
treatment._x000D_
The development of a pilot study of
ultrafiltration followed by reverse
osmosis, UF-RO for waste water
treatment for a machining plant
with stringent effluent limits is
described and compared to an
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existing chemical
treatment._x000D_
The use of a membrane technique
for the concentration of oily
emulsions may be beneficial, but it
must be evaluated for each
individual oily waste stream. Only
after this evaluation can the most
feasible, economical system be
derived for the separation and
concentration of oil from a specific
oily emulsion. _x000D_
Case studies of the installation and
operation of tubular UF-RO at a
rolling mill was compared a
conventional acid-alum–caustic
treatment at a similar plant.
Membrane life, realistic cleaning
schedules and reasonable
pretreatment requirements are still
the keys for keeping this approach
competitive with chemical
treatment systems. Superior
effluent quality or high purity water
recovery could then provide the
UF-RO process with an operating
advantage.
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IWC-77~21 Paper
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Make-Up Treatment - E. W. JACKSON, J. H. SMITH, Portals Water Treatment Ltd., Isleworth, In this paper the current status of
Counter Current Middlesex, England various methods of counter current
Regeneration Experience regeneration, CCR, was reviewed
in the United Kingdom both with respect to large on line
plants, and macroscale laboratory
investigations. Specifically certain
grey areas presently existing in
counter current ion exchange
operations are discussed, and also
new processes extending its area
of application. CCR is any ion
exchange process of a single fixed
bed in an operating column, in
which some or all of the
regenerant passes through the
resin in a direction opposite to that
of the exhausting fluid. Among the
techniques discussed are the
following:- Water Hold Down; Air
Hold Down,( CCR Process); Split
Regenerant; Compact Ion Packed
Bed; the results of laboratory tests
and design data using these
techniques are presented along
with a new technique, ‘Hydrogen
Ion Polishing’ for ultrapure water
production from a CCR system.
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IWC-77~22 Paper
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Make-Up Treatment - LOUIS WIRTH, Jr., Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Michigan
Counter Current
Regeneration Experience
in the United Kingdom
Make-Up Treatment - JOHN SEKERA, Ecodyne, Graver Water Division, Union, New Jersey
Counter Current
Regeneration Experience
in the United Kingdom
Use of an Acrylic Strong B. BAKER, Saskatchewan Power Corp., Esteran, Saskatchewan, Canada, V. R. This paper describes the serious
Base Anion Resin in DAVIES, P. A. YARNELL, Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA organic fouling conditions that
Treatment of Organic existed in the make-up water
Bearing Waters demineralization plant at the
Saskatchewan Power Corporation,
Boundary Dam Power Station,
Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada.
It also describes the successful
application of an acrylic strongly
basic type I anion exchange resin
to solve the organic fouling
problem where a styrene basic
resin had failed. Broader
experiences with the acrylic
strongly basic resin are also
described on a worldwide basis.
Characterization and ROY O. BALL, ERM-North Central, Inc., Park Ridge, Illinois
Treatment of Trace Metals
in Coal Pile Drainage
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IWC-77~23 Paper
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Operating Experience with MITCHELL HOLLIER, Gulf States Utilities Co., St. Gabriel, LA The Willow Glen Power Station
Reverse Osmosis Gulf States Utilities Company is a
Demineralizing for Boiler fossil fueled power plant in
Feed Water and Make-Up Louisiana. During initial planning
Treatment Systems at for No. 5 Unit, it became evident
Willow Glen Station that additional boiler makeup water
capacity would be needed. At that
time, it was pointed out that
reverse osmosis, RO, was rapidly
becoming acceptable as a water
treating tool, both technologically
and economically. It was
suggested that the addition of a
200 gallon per minute RO
installation in series with the
existing 200 gallon per minute
makeup demineralizers would
have a number of advantages.
The results and costs of three
years operation with RO are
reported and compared with pre-
RO results.
Operating Experience with L. W. LAMB, Dallas Power & Light Company, Dallas, Texas
Reverse Osmosis
Demineralizing for Boiler
Feed Water and Make-Up
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IWC-77~24 Paper
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Feed Water and Make-Up
Treatment Systems at
Willow Glen Station
Operating Experiences CASIMIR A. KROL, Peoples Gas Light and Coke Co., Ellwood, IL., GARY D. This paper described a zero
with a "Zero" Discharge JONES, RON PICHT, Illinois Water Treatment Co., Rockford IL., JAMES C. discharge water treatment plant
Deionizer MARTIN, P. E., Water Technology Consultants, Chicago, Illinois installed in a synthetic natural gas,
SNG, plant, McDowell Energy
Center in Illinois farmland where
effluent discharges to a local creek
were strictly limited. These limits
prohibited discharge of deionizer
regenerant wastes and a zero
liquid discharge system was
designed and installed. The
deionizer system supplied high
quality water from a well water
source for the steam-hydrogen
catalytic reforming process. It
consisted of three trains with weak
acid, strong acid, weak base,
decarbonators, strong acid and
strong base exchangers with 873
gpm normal flow. The segregated
deionizer waste regenerants were
treated in two three effect
evaporators and the concentrated
blowdown was solidified in a spray
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IWC-77~25 Paper
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dryer. Performance and operating
data for the deionizer, evaporators
and spray dryer were reported and
detailed cost data given.
Operating Experiences CASIMIR A. KROL, Peoples Gas Light and Coke Co., Ellwood, IL., GARY D.
with a "Zero" Discharge JONES, RON PICHT, Illinois Water Treatment Co., Rockford IL., JAMES C.
Deionizer MARTIN, P. E., Water Technology Consultants, Chicago, Illinois
Operating Experiences A. F. ASCHOFF, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, Illinois

with a "Zero" Discharge
Deionizer
The Regulation of Flue GARY L. MERRITT, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Development of air quality
Gas Desulfurization Harrisburg, PA., JOHN P. WOODYARD, SCS Engineers, Long Beach, California standards had involved extensive
Sludge Disposal - A Status EPA investigations to demonstrate
Report that environmentally acceptable
systems of flue gas desulfurization,
FGD, sludge disposal were
available. Because of the lack of
federal guidance, state and local
regulatory agencies were required
to permit disposal facilities. In
implementing a residual disposal
plan for FGD equipped power
plants, the power companies have
had to comply with one or more
regulations. The major
environmental problems potentially
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IWC-77~26 Paper
Page 1993 of 5199 01/27/2018

associated with FGD sludge
disposal included: Ground water
and surface water contamination
from leaching of trace metals and
dissolved solids; Failure of the
sludge pond retaining structure
and subsequent discharge; Floods
or other conditions that might
cause the sludge to enter the
biosphere; and Future beneficial
use of the disposal area. This
paper provided an overview of the
permitting/approval process and
disposal criteria developed by the
Pennsylvania regulatory agencies.
The Regulation of Flue ALLEN J. GESWEIN, Office of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection
Gas Desulfurization Agency, Washington, D. C.
Sludge Disposal - A Status
Report
Treatment, Handling, and CARL L. LABOVITZ, Dravo Lime Company, Pittsburgh, PA Limitations on both particulate and
Disposal Criteria Flue Gas sulfur dioxide emission
Desulfurization Sludges & concentrations discharged from
Fine Coal Refuse power plant stacks required
development of removal
techniques and acceptable system
for the treatment, handling and
disposal of the Flue Gas
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IWC-77~27 Paper
Page 1996 of 5199 01/27/2018

Desulfurization, FGD, slurry. Lime
and/or limestone were used as the
scrubbing alkali. Specific products
included lime, which provides a
buffered scrubbing solution and a
dry, free flowing, inorganic, non-
toxic slurry stabilization additive.
The evaluation process for FGD
sludge disposal was discussed
along with the procedures for
securing permits from the
regulatory agency for the Bruce
Mansfield Station at Shippingport,
PA. Details were given of the FGD
sludge disposal process and
operation.
Treatment, Handling, and JOSEPH BERN, Bern Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Disposal Criteria Flue Gas
Desulfurization Sludges &
Fine Coal Refuse
Stabilized Sludge Disposal FREDERICK J. TEETER, I. U. Conversion Systems, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA (This paper was a transcript of an
Techniques oral presentation prepared for the
International Water
Conference.)_x000D_
A brief review of the Poz-O-Tec®
Process for stabilizing scrubber
sludges in by-product fly ash was
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IWC-77~28 Paper
Page 1999 of 5199 01/27/2018

given. Details on the use of such
stabilized sludge as a landfill
material and construction material
were discussed. Samples of
representative materials in addition
to pictures of field operations were
used to explain the techniques of
stabilized sludge disposal in a
structural landfill.
Stabilized Sludge Disposal R. G. KNIGHT, Michael Baker, Jr., Inc., Beaver, Pa
Techniques
Hydrogeological D. THRELFALL, J. T. ROSEMAN, Jr., Penn Environmental Consultants, Inc., Land burial is one of the most
Considerations for the Pittsburgh, PA common disposal methods of
Disposal of Industrial industrial residues because it is
Residues relatively convenient and
economical compared to other
approved, alternative methods.
One of the greatest disadvantages
to this method is the potential for
contamination of surface and
groundwater which is a function of
the site hydrogeological conditions
which influence or control the
surface and groundwater systems.
Engineered modifications are
required to compensate for
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Page 2001 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-77~29 Report
Page 2002 of 5199 01/27/2018

required to compensate for
adverse conditions; including
liners, waste solidification
processes, and leachate collection
systems, and are costly to
develop. Despite advancements in
this technology, hydrogeology is
the most critical factor in land
burial of industrial residues.
Hydrogeological KEITH G. KIRK, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
Considerations for the
Disposal of Industrial
Residues
Bromine Chloride - An G. D. GRONINGER, D. R. MARTIN , J. F. MILLS, Dow Chemical USA, Midland, Bromine chloride appears to be an
Alternative to Chlorination Michigan effective biocide and antifoulant for
as an Antifoulant in Once- power plant condenser water when
Through Cooling Waters used continuously or intermittently
at concentrations equal to or less
than those practiced in
chlorination. Since the byproducts
from chlorobromination are much
less stable than their chlorine
analogs, the environmental
hazards are considerably less
using bromine chloride. Equipment
for feeding bromine chloride has
been developed.
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Page 2004 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-77~30 Report
IWC-77~31 Report
Page 2005 of 5199 01/27/2018

Evaluation of the P. Y. CREE, J. M. RICHARDS, Portland General Electric, Beaverton, Oregon, T. The basic engineering design of a
Dechlorination System at a M. LARONGE, J. M. SHANE, D. L. SKAGGS, Betz Environmental Engineers, dechlorination system using
Nuclear Power Plant Inc., Trevose, Pennsylvania sodium bisulfite which was
installed in Portland General
Electric's Trojan Nuclear Plant was
discussed. It was necessary to
manually control dechlorination of
the plant water before its discharge
to the Columbia River as the
automatic equipment designed to
control the addition of sodium
bisulfite consistently failed. The
modified control system combined
a manually preset signal with the
chlorine analyzer signal to
anticipate a chlorine transient and
then automatically adjusted to
compensate for a transient peak
Ozone Treatment of Boiler CARL HAZEN, Infilco Degremont, Inc., Hyannis, Mass The Androscoggin river water
Feedwater source for a paper mill, presented
some unique problems because of
contamination from both naturally
occurring forest organic matter as
well as organic matter that
intermittently occurs when
industrial plants and paper mills
upstream of the International
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IWC-77~32 Report
Page 2008 of 5199 01/27/2018

Paper plant discharge waste
inadvertently. Both of these
sources of contamination lead to a
fouling of the anion exchange resin
demineralizer beds, a
corresponding loss of capacity,
and ultimately of the resin itself,
which has frequently been
replaced. This has resulted in
expensive systems shut-downs as
well as increasingly costly resin
replacement. This report deals with
a pilot program designed to find
the best method for control of the
organic contaminants as measured
by color and TOC. Organic
removal by an adsorptive ion
exchange organic trap was
compared with oxidation in an
ozone contact column.
The 'Streaming Current OTIS J. WAGUESPACK, L'eau Claire Systems, Inc., Kenner, LA (This report is missing six
Detector' as Applied to Up- slides)_x000D_
Flow Filtration Shortly after the installation in
February of 1972 of a one million
gallons per day up-flow filter
clarification unit on the Catawaba
River at Mount Holly, North
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IWC-77~33 Report
Page 2011 of 5199 01/27/2018

Carolina, it was observed that a
wide range in the inlet turbidities
was creating operating problems.
These changes varied from an
average turbidity of 1.5 JTU to
something over 1,000 JTU. The
requirements for clean process
water and boiler feedwater water
at a textile dye production plant
dictated that an automatic
controlled chemical feed system
be installed. The Streaming
Current Detector, SCD is a device
that develops a signal related to
the surface charge condition of
solids in an aqueous solution. This
is accomplished by flowing the
solution over a dielectric surface
and detecting the streaming
current, through electrodes spaced
apart at points along the flow path.
This can be used as a control
parameter to optimize a
polyelectrolyte dosage to the filter
feed.
Hydrazine vs. Chromate THEODORE C. HOPPE, Black & Veatch Consulting Engineers, Kansas City, Over the past 25 years, the Public
as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Missouri, A. FRANK McGILBRA, Public Service Co. of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Service Company of Oklahoma
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IWC-77~34 Report
Page 2014 of 5199 01/27/2018

Industrial Closed Cooling Oklahoma (PSO) has successfully used
Water Systems chromate as a corrosion inhibitor in
closed cooling water, CCW,
systems. Faced with the possibility
that such use might be prohibited,
PSO began the investigation of a
non-chromate inhibitor. An
opportunity developed that this
study could be made at a newly
constructed station having two
essentially identical CCW systems
with multiple metals and
temperatures in the range 89°F to
95°F, one of which was already
operating with the chromate
treatment. The other CCW system
was used for the investigation of
hydrazine as a corrosion inhibitor
with minimized air entrainment.
Priority Pollutants - W. A. KEILBAUGH, T. J. CENTI, C. ELLEN GONTER, C. W. Rice Division, NUS, An extreme change of emphasis
Present Status Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA has taken place by the Federal
EPA from limitations on the more "
ordinary " pollutants, such as BOD,
COD , oil and grease, suspended
solids, iron, copper; phenols, etc.,
to consideration of a new large
category of substances broadly
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IWC-78~01 Paper
Page 2017 of 5199 01/27/2018

termed "Priority Pollutants ". The
EPA was required to issue Federal
Water Pollution Control Act effluent
limitations and guidelines, new
source standards of performance,
and pretreatment standards for a
list of "65 toxic" pollutants. Revised
lists were issued and re-revised
several times. It is noteworthy that
when EPA's efforts to carry out its
court-mandated assignments were
initiated, the word "toxic" had
become "priority, "The affected 21
industry categories and revised list
of 129 "Priority Pollutants. " is
given. The criteria used to develop
the list was reviewed and areas of
analytical and procedure
development and compliance with
regulations must be studied.
Makeup and Feedwater JOSEPH H. DUFF, Burns & Roe, Inc., Oradell, New Jersey The large investment in new
Treatment for Large Utility generating facilities requires a high
Boilers level of operating availability
requiring chemistry management
to minimize boiler and turbine
deposits and corrosion. Corrosion
studies have led major turbine
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Page 2020 of 5199 01/27/2018

manufacturers to recommend
limits of no more than 3-5 ppb of
sodium in the inlet steam. These
higher quality levels can be
achieved with the effective
application of available water
treatment technology. Silica has
long been recognized as a source
of turbine deposit problems. More
recently, corrosion and stress
corrosion cracking have called
attention to the need for better
control of steam borne impurities.
Major turbine suppliers have called
attention to the steam purity
recommendations which highlight
the evolution taking place in cycle
chemistry management and
component performance. Boiler
water chemistry is concerned
primarily with the control of
corrosion and deposit formation
within the steam generator while
maintaining steam purity. In
practically all cases the treatment
includes feed water pH elevation
using ammonia or other amine and
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IWC-78~02 Paper
Page 2023 of 5199 01/27/2018

oxygen reduction by hydrazine.
Makeup water treatment
specifications and condensate
polishing and magnetic filtration for
feedwater treatment are
discussed.
Makeup and Feedwater J. A. LEVENDUSKY, Epicor, Inc.
Treatment for Large Utility
Boilers
Determination of Impurities JAMES K. RICE, Consulting Engineer, Olney, Maryland, THOMAS O. PASSELL, The steam electric power industry
in Steam - A Research Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif has developed knowledge of the
Program impurities in steam, their effects
and their measurement in periods
of intensive interest which have
coincided with periods of severe
operational problems resulting
from such impurities. At present,
the knowledge of the im purities in
steam and their properties,
sampling and measurement is
inadequate to evaluate recent
turbine failures. A program has
been proposed to select and
validate steam sampling and
analysis methodology and develop
detailed data on the large steam
turbine chemical environments as
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Page 2025 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-78~03 Paper
Page 2026 of 5199 01/27/2018

turbine chemical environments as
part of a multiphased effort to
understand the failures and to
develop new design and operating
specifications. The proposed
program will fulfill the need for
validated sampling and analysis
methods by which operators will
control the impurities in steam to
these specifications.
Determination of Impurities E. E. COULTER, The Babcock & Wilcox Co. Nuclear Equipment Division
in Steam - A Research
Program
Experience with K. H. FREDERICK, J. G. REED, Metropolitan Edison Co., Middletown, PA., R. M. The makeup demineralizers at
Intermediate Strong Base GLASS, CPU Service Corporation Three Mile Island Nuclear Station,
Anion Resins at Three Unit One, consist of two parallel
Mile Island Nuclear Station trains of cation, anion and mixed
bed units with a common vacuum
degassifier. The anion units were
originally stratified beds with weak
base and strong base resins.
Regeneration of the anion units is
the up flow type (counter-current).
Difficulties appeared during the
first upflow anion regeneration
when the upper layer of the weak
base anion resin was described as
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base anion resin was described as
"floating."and lifted above the
normal spent regenerant effluent
lateral despite a blocking water
flow of 2 5 to 3 times the
regenerant upflow rate. Upon
return to service, silica
concentrations of up to 1 ppm
were observed in the effluent after
only a small fraction of rated
throughput was achieved. It was
learned that silicates from the
strong base resin could be
converted to a class of polymer-
like silicic acids within the weak
base resin beads by the adsorbed
acids. Modifications fo broken
intermediate laterals, poor flow
distribution and fractured weak
base resin beads caused further
problems and continued with resin
replacement until the stratified
beds were replaced with a strong
base Type II anion resin.
Experience with K. H. FREDERICK, J. G. REED, Metropolitan Edison Co., Middletown, PA., R. M.
Intermediate Strong Base GLASS, CPU Service Corporation
Anion Resins at Three
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IWC-78~04 Paper
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Mile Island Nuclear Station
Experience with L. F. WIRTH, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan

Intermediate Strong Base
Anion Resins at Three
Mile Island Nuclear Station
The Lewatit-WS-Process FRIEDRICH B. MARTINOLA, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany In the development of counter-
A Highly Reliable Counter- current ion exchange systems a
Current System for Ion new and very simple technique for
Exchange and Adsorption counter-current ion exchange was
proposed with upflow service and
downflow regeneration. It was
shown that an expanded bed of
resin could give superior
performance in respect to ion
leakage and regenerant efficiency,
as long as two definite conditions
were observed. The first was to
have a compressed bed of inert
resin and ion exchange resin at the
top of the vessel after the liquid
had passed through the fluidized
part of the bed, this part being in
physical contact with the
compressed layer. The second
condition was to regenerate the
compressed layer with fresh
chemicals and pass the partly
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IWC-79~18 Paper
IWC-78~05 Paper
Page 2035 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemicals and pass the partly
utilized solution downflow to the
formerly expanded bed, now
compacted at the bottom of the
vessel. A second tank was used
for occasional backwashing and
cleaning resin transferred from the
service vessel. Different
applications and case studies with
a range of resins in this
countercurrent ion exchange
system were discussed.
The Lewatit-WS-Process ELI SALEM, Graver Water Conditioning Company, Union, New Jersey
A Highly Reliable Counter-
Current System for Ion
Exchange and Adsorption
Evaporative Recovery of ROBERT G. JUMP, Corning Glass Works, Corning, New York This paper reviews the use of
Electroplating Solutions evaporative recovery of
electroplating solutions from
various used solutions. The criteria
for profitability are discussed and
the evaporator size and operating
costs estimated.
The Adoption of Counter A. W. GILLIS, K. R. SMITH, ICI Limited, Mond Division, England ICI Mond Division operated a small
Current Ion-Exchange number of relatively large chemical
Techniques, Including works. Included in the systems are
Asahi and Packed Bed power stations operating up to 110
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Systems, for Providing bar with pass-out and condensing
Demineralized Water to turbines, also gas
Large Chemical turbine/alternators with waste heat
Manufacturing Complexes boilers. Steam at various
in the UK pressures from the above systems
was distributed throughout the
Works and was supplemented by
steam produced in the chemical
plants by reactors and waste heat
boilers. Similarly, condensates
were collected by plants for
internal use and for return to power
stations for re-distribution or re-
treatment. Potable and reuse
water supplies had variable quality.
Descriptions of demineralizer
operation with co-current and
counter current regeneration,
stratified beds and an Asahi
continuous counter current system
were given for four plants. Counter
current operation was
recommended with high flow rates,
stratified anion, deep beds, and
HCl regeneration of the
macroreticular resin.
The Adoption of Counter CARL R. HAZEN, Chemical Separations Corporation, 795 Oak Ridge Turnpike,
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IWC-78~06 Paper
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Current Ion-Exchange Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Techniques, Including
Asahi and Packed Bed
Systems, for Providing
Demineralized Water to
Large Chemical
Manufacturing Complexes
in the UK
Energy Conservation KARL W. HERMAN, Drew Chemical Corp., Boonton, New Jersey, ALFRED F. The Airco Industrial Gas Plant
Achieved through Effective FOELSTER, Airco Industrial Gases, Bethlehem, PA located in Bethlehem,
Cooling Water Treatment Pennsylvania had a 1200 ton per
at an Air Separation Plant day oxygen plant, with air
liquefaction and distillation
processes. All heat for
refrigeration, compression and
machine cooling was dissipated
either directly or indirectly through
the cooling water system using a
Marley Cooling Tower. Heat
exchanger fouling had caused
losses up to 42.8% in heat
rejection capacity. The chemical
treatment had been a phosphate
corrosion inhibitor, dispersant,
sodium hypochlorite and a
proprietary biocide. An attempt to
clean this tube bundle was aborted
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IWC-78~07 Paper
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as plugging was so severe,
circulation of cleaning solution was
impossible. Another unit had to b e
scrapped d u e to leakage caused
by extensive under-deposit
corrosion. The tube bundles were
replaced and modifications to the
cooling system included automatic
pH and chlorination control, side
stream filtration and a new
chemical treatment and cleaning
program. A number of different
antifoulants, dispersants and
corrosion inhibitors have been
used.
Energy Conservation ARTHUR W. FYNSK, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., Wilmington,
Achieved through Effective Delaware
at an Air Separation Plant
The Engineer's Role in HENRY C. BRAMER, Datagraphics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, RICHARD C. With the enactment of the 1972
Environmental Litigation BROWNE, Esquire, Washington, DC Amendments to the Clean Water
Act, environmental litigation
became a major concern of
engineers employed by regulatory
agencies and industrial firms. The
1977 amendments to both the
Clean Water and Clean Air Acts
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Page 2047 of 5199 01/27/2018

further increased the volume of
litigation. Engineers who worked
for manufacturing companies in
pollution control activities and
those employed by regulatory
agencies often found themselves
involved in litigation sooner or
later. Consultants could be
retained by either side, as with
outside counsel, and it was the
consultant who has been usually
tagged as an "expert witness" The
engineer who provided litigation
support services was much more
than this; he was some sort of
combination of technical expert,
private detective, negotiator, and
arbiter. The engineering effort
required for litigation was
discussed through the required
reports, discovery and pretrial
processes, and the sequence of
events and depositions leading the
case to court and trial. A checklist
was given to remind engineers of
their role and conduct in the trial
proceedings and also as a trial
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IWC-78~08 Paper
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witness.
The Engineer's Role in PHILIP X. MASCIANTONIO, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh,
Environmental Litigation Pennsylvania
Applications of BARRY GRUSKO, JOHN DILIDDO, Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, Realistic control of the quality of
Instrumentation to Water New York the water can only be achieved by
and Wastewater real-time, on-site monitoring of
Treatment Processes point sources. The concept of a
centralized analytical laboratory is
becoming outmoded. First, there is
a delay in obtaining the results,
and second, the composition of the
sample may change with time. For
these reasons, a single-channel
continuous analyzer has been
designed for automated,
continuous wet chemical analysis
of water and wastewater primarily
for non-laboratory installations.
The design, installation and
service requirements given and
case histories are discussed for a
number of water and wastewater
applications.
Applications of STEVE LERMAN
Instrumentation to Water
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IWC-78~09 Paper
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and Wastewater
Treatment Processes
On-Line Use of Ion ALBERT A. DIGGENS, SUSAN LICHTENSTEIN, Orion Research Inc., (This paper is missing 13 figures)
Selective Electrodes Cambridge, Mass _x000D_
Chemical sensing electrodes had
many advantages in the
measurement of several pollution
related species. They were
relatively inexpensive; fast to
respond; and unaffected by such
sample conditions as color and
turbidity.. Because of the Nernst
equation logarithmic response of
chemical sensing electrodes,
precision remains constant over
the entire measuring range until
close to the lower limit of detection.
This paper reviewed a wide
selection of electrodes and
described their operation,
interferences and required sample
conditioning by membrane
diffusion and reagent addition.
On-Line Use of Ion WALTER ZABBAN, The Chester Engineers
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IWC-78~10 Report
IWC-78~11 Report
Page 2056 of 5199 01/27/2018

Scale and Deposit Control JEFFREY R. TOWNSEND, KARL W. HERMAN, Drew Chemical Corporation, The problems of scaling and
in Cooling Water Systems Boonton, New Jersey fouling in cooling water and the
various solutions have been
discussed individually in this
paper. However, in the operating
system, only rarely do the
problems exist in the pure form.
Deposit problems normally
experienced are mixtures of
different kinds of deposits and are
interrelated in their causes and
solutions. Deposit control must be
considered as a program
incorporating a combination of
several approaches. Each situation
must be studied to determine the
best use of cycles of
concentration, pH control, scale
inhibitors and dispersants.
Open Recirculating J. JACOB, B. D. PERLSON, C. M. HWA, Dearborn Chemical, (U.S.), Lake Technological changes in the
Cooling Water Treatment - Zurich, Illinois treatment of water in open
Theory and Application recirculating cooling water systems
have steadily been made in the
past 30 years. These changes
relate to methods of control of
corrosion and control of both scale
and foulant deposits. Presented
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IWC-78~12 Report
Page 2059 of 5199 01/27/2018

here are brief discussions of
cooling circuit technology, the
corrosion phenomenon, the
predominant types of metallic
corrosion, and state-of-the-art
methods of corrosion control
including a review of corrosion
mechanisms and protection by
chromate and/or zinc based
blended corrosion inhibitors.
Microbiological Control in JOHN W. LEE, SCOTT G. FREYMARK, Olin Water Services, Overland Park, Cooling water systems subject to
Process Contaminated Kansas process contamination often
Cooling Systems experience increased difficulty in
microbiological control.
Contaminants, such as
hydrocarbons and-ammonia, may
serve as microbial nutrients and
interfere with the effectiveness of
certain biocontrol agents. The
increased use of reclaimed water
as cooling water makeup may also
promote microbial fouling as it
contains residual amounts of
contaminants. Because of this,
many biocontrol programs which
had historically been effective are
no longer adequate. New
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IWC-78~13 Report
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approaches become necessary to
meet t his growing challenge.
Oxidizing and non-oxidizing
biocides are still the cornerstones
of biocontrol programs. However,
their selection should not be made
indiscriminately. Consideration
should be given to their
effectiveness in each particular
application, taking into
consideration type and level of
contamination, type of microbial
growth, specific properties of the
cooling water and discharge
restrictions. Thoughtful selection of
the biocontrol agents, alone or in
combination with surface active
agents, is essential for maintaining
maximum microbiological control.
Water Management - DEXTER L. ATKINSON, E. I. duPont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Richmond, VA Industry in the United States
Controlling and Predicting consumes hundreds of billions of
Cooling Tower Water gallons of water every day. The
Quality majority of this consumption is in
cooling systems with cooling
towers being the major workhorse.
To maintain a non-scaling, non-
corrosive, and environmentally
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IWC-78~14 Paper
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safe cooling tower system, a
rigorous water management
program must be adhered to. This
paper presents a complete water
management program beyond
technology - a program with the
end user, the plant site, in mind.
Design and Maintenance JOHN S. NORDIN, BetzConverseMurdoch, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA The operation of semiconductor
of Ultrapure Water devices depends upon precise
Systems for the control of the surface
Electronics Industry characteristics of very high purity
semiconductors. Ultrapure water is
used to rinse away the last traces
of etching acids from the wafer. A
generalized water treatment
schematic for producing ultrapure
water has several key elements:
demineralizers and carbon filters;
reverse osmosis or electrodialysis;
cation-anion demineralizers; mixed
bed demineralizers to upgrade the
water supply; continuously-
recirculating water to avoid
stagnation areas which would
allow bacteria to grow; sterilization,
using ozonation and/or ultraviolet
light; sub micron filtration; and
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IWC-78~15 Paper
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point-of-use nuclear grade ion
exchange polishers and
ultrafiltration. Variations of this
generalized schematic are used by
different integrated circuit
processors. The design of
ultrapure water systems involves
close attention to many details to
insure that water of desired quality
is produced and maintained. This
paper describes some of the
problem areas experienced by
ultrapure water producers and
solutions to these problems.
Design and Maintenance JOHN CASTAGNA, Industrial Water, The Permutit Company
of Ultrapure Water
Systems for the
Electronics Industry
Treatment of Equipment YUTAKA KURIHARA, MITSUYUKI ODA, Japan Atomic Power Company, In BWR plants, radio active waste
Drain Wastes in a Nuclear Limited, Tokyo, Japan, KATSUMI OKUGAWA, YOSHIO SUNAOKA, Japan stream segregation is
Power Plant with an Organo Company, Limited, Tokyo., Japan, MYLES H. KLEPER, JOSEPH accomplished by establishing two
Electro Magnetic Filter and MARKIND, ROBERT L. GOLDSMITH , JAMES M. RYAN, Abcor, Inc., major systems - one for
Ultrafiltration System Wilmington, Massachusetts comparatively high-activity and low
conductivity drains such as
equipment drains, and one for low-
activity and high conductivity
drains, such as floor drains.
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IWC-78~16 Paper
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Chemical and detergent systems
are also segregated. The Tsuruga
Station of the Japan Atomic Power
Company, JAPC, studied several
alternate treatment systems over a
period of several years. It was
decided to install an innovative
filtering system successfully
replacing a precoat filter with
electromagnetic filters, EMF,
followed by ultrafiltration, UF, units
to reduce residual waste volume.
This system design and its initial
operation are discussed in this
paper.
Treatment of Equipment YUTAKA KURIHARA, MITSUYUKI ODA, Japan Atomic Power Company,
Drain Wastes in a Nuclear Limited, Tokyo, Japan, KATSUMI OKUGAWA, YOSHIO SUNAOKA, Japan
Power Plant with an Organo Company, Limited, Tokyo., Japan, MYLES H. KLEPER, JOSEPH
Electro Magnetic Filter and MARKIND, ROBERT L. GOLDSMITH , JAMES M. RYAN, Abcor, Inc.,
Ultrafiltration System Wilmington, Massachusetts
Evaporative Recovery of WALTER ZABBAN, The Chester Engineers, Pittsburgh, PA
Electroplating Solutions
Pretreatment of Seawater ARTHUR C. EPSTEIN, The Permutit Co., Paramus, New Jersey Reverse osmosis has all but
for Membrane Processes captured the rapidly growing
market for desalting brackish
waters. Although multi-stage flash
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Page 2074 of 5199 01/27/2018

waters. Although multi-stage flash
distillation dominates seawater
desalting, there is no doubt that
reverse osmosis will make
significant inroads into this market.
A reliable pretreatment was
needed for seawater desalting. A
contract was obtained to study
seawater pretreatment for
membrane processes. This paper
is based on work done at the
OWRT Test Facility in Wrightsville
Beach, North Carolina. Three
pretreatment systems were
studied; anthracite-sand dual
media filtration followed by
manganese zeolite with potassium
permanganate treatment; upflow
sludge blanket
coagulation/flocculation; inline
coagulation ahead of the
manganese zeolitebeds. Each of
these pretreatments was followed
by polishing cartridge filters or
activated carbon beds. The
polished effluent was fed to a
spiral wound reverse osmosis
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IWC-78~17 Paper
Page 2077 of 5199 01/27/2018

system with thin film composite
membranes. An extensive series
of test runs was reported to
minimize membrane plugging
factors and cost estimates were
given.
Pretreatment of Seawater ROBERT BAKISH, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey
for Membrane Processes
Behavior of Oxygen and W. L. PEARL, W. R. KASSEN, S. G. SAWOCHKA, Nuclear Water and Waste Consolidated Edison Company,
Corrosion Products in the Technology, Inc., San Jose, California, J. J. HIGGINS, Consolidated Edison Con Ed, contracted a copper and
Indian Point 2 Feedwater Company iron transport survey of the steam
System condensate and drain systems at
Unit 2 of the Indian Point Station,
an 873 MWe pressurized water
reactor, PWR. Based on early
results of the program, the
program was broadened to provide
oxygen measurements in the
feedwater system. Since the
changeover to AVT secondary
chemistry control, steam generator
blowdown pH generally had been
maintained within the 8.5 to 9.0
specification by addition of
hydrazine and its subsequent
decomposition to ammonia.
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IWC-78~18 Paper
Page 2080 of 5199 01/27/2018

decomposition to ammonia.
Hydrazine was injected
downstream of the condensate
pumps. The results of integrated
sampling indicated the copper
transport and dissolved oxygen in
the feedwater were much higher
than at other PWR plants.
Hydrazine was replaced with a
catalyzed hydrazine but produced
no significant difference.
Behavior of Oxygen and Paul Cohen, Consultant, Pittsburgh, PA
Corrosion Products in the
Indian Point 2 Feedwater
System
Combined Conditioning of P. H. EFFERTZ, Allianz-Zentrum für Technik, West Germany, G. RESCH, This paper describes the
Water-Steam Cycle of Vereinigte Elektrizitätswerke Westfalen, West Germany evaluation of a water treatment
Power-Generating Units method which for all cycle sections
with Once-Through Boilers of a electrical power-generating
by Oxygen and Ammonia plant with once-through boilers
results in minimum corrosion rates.
The large scale tests in three units
of 110, 400 and 440 MW show that
with the combined dosage of
ammonia and oxygen to the feed
water - called Combined Water
Treatment, CWT. The iron oxide
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IWC-78~19 Paper
Page 2083 of 5199 01/27/2018

release of the preheater sections is
minimized and erosion-corrosion
on the steam side of LP preheaters
is avoided. Ammonia corrosion of
brass tubes in the air exhaust
region of condensers and the
general attack of the copper alloys
is decreased. The regeneration
intervals of the condensate
polishing systems are prolonged,
and the amount of ammonia salts
delivered to the waste water is
drastically lowered.
Combined Conditioning of F. J. POCOCK
Water-Steam Cycle of
Power-Generating Units
with Once-Through Boilers
by Oxygen and Ammonia
Factors Affecting Chemical SIDNEY SUSSMAN, PAUL U. LABINE, Olin Water Services, Overland Park, The use of oxygen scavengers is
Oxygen Scavenger Kansas essential for protection of steam
Performance and generating systems against
Selection in Steam corrosion during operation and
Generating Systems layup, whether or not they are
equipped with mechanical
deaeration. Either sodium sulfite or
hydrazine will perform satisfactorily
from the oxygen removal
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IWC-78~20 Paper
Page 2086 of 5199 01/27/2018

viewpoint. The selection must be
made on the basis of the individual
system's construction and
operating characteristics, together
with the properties of the two
oxygen scavengers as described
above. The development of
catalysts for hydrazine has
broadened the conditions under
which it can be used
advantageously.
Factors Affecting Chemical WILLIAM R. GREENAWAY, Cyrus Wm. Rice Division, NUS Corporation
Oxygen Scavenger
Performance and
Selection in Steam
Generating Systems
Water Treatment Practices F. GABRIELLI, W. R. SYLVESTER, Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, The use of a preboiler recirculation
for Cyclic Operation of Connecticut for deaeration and cleanup
Utility Boilers assures that the feed water to the
boiler is always low in oxygen and
corrosion products. This results in
improved boiler cleanliness and
the minimization of corrosion
associated with both oxygen and
oxide deposits. The major points
presented in this discussion are
summarized as follows: A preboiler
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IWC-78~21 Paper
Page 2089 of 5199 01/27/2018

cleanup loop is recommended for
cyclic units to reduce oxide levels
rapidly and prevent oxygen
corrosion during startup;
Provisions must be made to
assure deaeration of feed water
entering the boiler during the
startup period when turbine
extraction steam is not available;
Steam or nitrogen blanketing must
be provided when the boiler is out
of service; Chemical cleaning
maybe required more frequently on
cyclic units than base-load ed
boilers; Corrosion-strain oriented
attack can be controlled by
minimizing oxygen concentration in
the boiler water and feed water
especially during idle and startup
periods.
Water Treatment Practices JAMES A. MATHEWS, Duke Power Company, Charlotte, North Carolina
for Cyclic Operation of
Utility Boilers
Mathematical Models of FRANCIS A. DIGIANO, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts The effectiveness of granular
Competitive Adsorption: activated carbon, GAC, especially
Successes, Failures and for treatment of complex industrial
Future Applications wastes, has been questioned for
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Page 2092 of 5199 01/27/2018

Future Applications wastes, has been questioned for
removal of specific organics.
Competitive adsorption can
actually cause higher
concentrations of certain organics
to appear in the effluent than in the
influent to GAC bed near the end
of service life. Mathematical
models of the complex,
competitive interactions between
weak and strong sorbates could
provide useful design and
operation information. The degree
of competition not only depends
upon the adsorbability of each
component but also upon the
concentrations of the components.
The major drawback to
mathematical models is limited
verification, even in simple, two
component systems. For more
complex systems techniques must
be developed which will simplify
the description of competitive
interactions yet still maintain a
reasonable physical description of
the process.
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IWC-78~22 Paper
Page 2095 of 5199 01/27/2018

Mathematical Models of BILLY H. KORNEGAY, Westvaco Corporation, Covington, Virginia
Competitive Adsorption:
Successes, Failures and
Future Applications
Industrial Engineering JAMES F. GRUTSCH, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chicago, Illinois Achieving the best effluent quality
Approach Provides Bases most cost effectively from a
for Optimizing sequence of conventional unit
Performance of operations used for purification of
Wastewater Purification wastewaters and/or sewage is
Facilities obtained by optimizing systems
followed by unit operations. Zeta
potential, ZP, considerations
provide a basis for improved
operation of essentially all
wastewater unit operations:
granular media filtration;, dissolved
air flotation; induced air flotation;
clarification; and the activated
sludge process, ASP. The view
that ASP is solely a secondary
sewage treatment process is
shortsighted as it is and, the
preferred means for achieving
water quality goals when
compared to alternatives. A cost-
effective route is operationof the
ASP at unusually high sludge age
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IWC-78~23 Paper
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and in some cases supplemented
in situ with high surface area
powdered active carbon. In other
unit separation operations to
remove solids, the chemicals used
for destabilization reduce or
eliminate the repulsion force so
that particles will aggregate and
deposit as negative ZP of
waterborne solids are naturally
repulsed by negative surface
charges of granular filter media,
such as sand and coal, and the
gas-liquid interface of dissolved air
and induced air flotation systems.
Industrial Engineering R. T. DENBO
Approach Provides Bases
for Optimizing
Performance of
Wastewater Purification
Facilities
Health, Safety Aspects, JULIAN B. ANDELMAN, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA Wastewater reuse is an important
and Policy Implications of strategy in achieving the national
Reuse of Treated Waste goal of limiting discharges into
Water from a Poultry navigable waters. However, in
Processing Plant such reuse of water involving
human consumption or exposure,
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IWC-78~24 Paper
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such as in the food processing
industry, it is mandatory that the
health of the consumer be
protected. The purposes of this
paper are to describe a project
involving the potential reuse of
wastewater at and from a poultry
processing plant, and evaluate the
status of information about the
quality of the renovated water,
especially with regard to the
potential risk to the consumers of
the poultry. The concerns are
described that have developed
within and about the decision-
making process which has thus far
prevented the project from
proceeding to the stage of actual
reuse.
Health, Safety Aspects, JOSEPH A. COTRUVO, Criteria and Standards Division, Environmental
and Policy Implications of Protection Agency
Reuse of Treated Waste
Water from a Poultry
Processing Plant
Biomass Engineering CURTIS S. McDOWELL, Polybac Corporation, New York, New York The application of adapted, mutant
Improves Wastewater bacterial inoculum to full-scale
Treatment System biologic al wastewater treatment
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Performance systems, i.e. "Bio mass
Engineering" has resulted in
significant improvements in
removal efficiencies and overall
stability in these systems. The
extent of improvement in these
systems has raised questions
concerning the adequacy of
conventional concepts regarding
the mechanisms through which
bacterial populations develop
naturally in biological treatment
systems. In this paper,
conventional concepts of natural
population selection, the
ubiquitous nature of bacteria, and
the mechanisms through which
biological wastewater treatment
systems develop and maintain
appropriate bacterial populations
are discussed. The improvements
achieved through Biomass
Engineering are then rationalized
in a manner which is consistent
with these concepts. Several case
histories are presented which
document the performance
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IWC-78~41 Report
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improvements provided.
Biomass Engineering CURTIS S. McDOWELL, Polybac Corporation, New York, New York
Improves Wastewater
Treatment System
Performance
Biomass Engineering J. F. GRUTSCH, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chicago, Illinois
Improves Wastewater
Treatment System
Performance
A New Method for the SHARON S. SLOAT, MICHAEL BUCK, Hach Chemical Co., Ames, Iowa A new colorimetric method for the
Determination of determination of phosphonates:
Phosphonates in Boiler amino (tri (methylene phosphonic
and Cooling Tower Waters acid ) NTP, l-hydroxyethylidene-l, l-
diphosphonic acid, HEDPA,
diethylenetriamine penta
(methylene phosphonic acid ),
EDTMPA. and diethylenediamine
tetra (methylene phosphonic acid
), DETPMPA, has been developed.
These compounds, known as
phosphonates, are widely used to
control scale and corrosion. A
simple monitoring method is
essential to maintain proper levels
of these compounds in boiler and
cooling tower waters. This new
method is rapid, gives acceptable
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IWC-78~25 Paper
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method is rapid, gives acceptable
precision and accuracy in
desirable determination ranges,
and is subject to fewer
interferences than other current
methods.
Development of Boiler J. J. SCHUCK, I. T. GODLEWSKI, Betz Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, PA The object of most external
Waterside Deposit Control treatment processes is to remove
Agents: From Laboratory from the boiler feed water those
through Industrial objectionable substances which
Application contribute to scale or deposit
formations in the boiler by
coagulation and filtration to remove
suspended solids from the boiler
feed water and also to prevent the
inclusion of mud, silt, etc. in boiler
deposits. Iron and silica removal
processes prevent boiler scale
formation by eliminating these
contaminants which may cause
heat insulating deposits on the
boiler surfaces. Lime-soda
softening, zeolite softening, and
demineralization processes are
used to remove the encrusting
salts of calcium and magnesium
from the boiler feed water. Treating
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IWC-78~26 Paper
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the boiler water with deposit
control agents is required to render
any remaining potential scale
components innocuous. In
practical application, a combination
of these two methods of scale
control is preferred. In this paper
the development of new deposit
control polymers is described
using research boiler tests and
case histories.
Development of Boiler A. E. BISCHOF, The Mogul Corporation, Chagrin Falls, Ohio
Waterside Deposit Control
Agents: From Laboratory
through Industrial
Application
The Use of Sulphonated DIONISIO G. CUISIA, Dearborn Chemical (U.S.), Lake Zurich, Illinois In combating boiler scale
Styrene Copolymers for formation, it is necessary to use
Boiler Scale Control internal softening agents which
cause feed water impurities to
precipitate as sludge in the boiler.
The sludge is eventually removed
by boiler blowdown. Successful
internal treatment of boiler water
depends on the precipitation of
hardness within the bulk of the
boiler water. If these precipitates
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IWC-78~27 Paper
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were completely insoluble,
softening would be completed and
the heating surfaces would remain
free of in situ scale and deposits.
However, these precipitates do
have measurable solubilities, and
scale can build slowly after
precipitation. In addition, solid
sludge deposits may be formed.
Over the years, experience has
taught that combining inorganic
precipitation (either carbonate or
phosphate) with colloidal organic
sludge conditioners such as
sulfonated styrene copolymers
produces improvement in the
condition of the boiler heating
surfaces as shown in a number of
case studies.
The Use of Sulphonated JOHN DAWSON, Dow Chemical Company
Styrene Copolymers for
Boiler Scale Control
Sulfonated Polymers and GERALD J. HELMSTETTER, ROBERT A. HOLZER, National Starch Sand Sulfonated polymers are useful in
Scale Formation Chemical Corporation, Bridgewater, New Jersey a number of applications. One of
these applications is the use of
these polymers to control scale
and deposits in boilers, cooling
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Page 2119 of 5199 01/27/2018

and deposits in boilers, cooling
towers and air wash systems. This
study was initiated to establish the
mechanisms by which sulfonated
polymers act as waterside deposit
control additives. Industrial water
has a multitude of materials which
are dissolved and crystallization of
salts with limited solubility is
responsible for the formation of
scale in boilers, cooling towers and
other industrial apparatus. This
scale, together with other
insolubles, forms a sludge which
can bake onto heated plates, can
foul screens and valves, and plug
pipes. Three scale control
mechanisms which are
consistently put forth in the
literature are dispersant activity,
crystal modification and solubility
enhancement. The results of tests
on these mechanisms with
sulfonated polymers on crystalline
deposit materials are reported.
Sulfonated Polymers and PAUL PUCKORIUS, P. R. Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio
Scale Formation
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IWC-78~28 Paper
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Use of Agricultural Runoff J. W. CARROLL, San Diego Gas and Electric Co., San Diego, Calif., L. R. Increasing emphasis is being
Water for Power Plant LEPAGE, B. A. MILNES, Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Boston, Mass placed on locating nuclear and
Cooling fossil fueled power plants in
remote areas to be near fuel
supplies and to facilitate licensing
processes. In order to use such
sites, utilities must design these
plants with emphasis on strict
water conservation which means
they must use sophisticated water
treatment and evaporative cooling
systems and focus on zero off-site
liquid release systems. Under such
conditions, it is imperative that the
cooling systems be operated at
high cycles of concentration and
that liquid waste production be
kept to a minimum. This was the
situation with San Diego Gas &
Electric Company's, SDG&E,
proposed two unit Sundesert
Nuclear Power Plant. To
demonstrate the feasibility of
utilizing the local water supply at
high concentrations and
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IWC-78~39 Report
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high concentrations and
minimizing waste flows, a water
treatment demonstration facility
was erected at the site and
operated for one year. The data
confirms that saline agricultural
runoff water can be successfully
treated and utilized for cooling.
Use of Agricultural Runoff EDWARD G. GLADBACH, Department of Water and Power, City of Los Angeles,
Water for Power Plant Los Angeles, California
Cooling
Conductometric JAMES T. KNIGHT, Ecodyne Corp./Graver Water Division, Union, NJ The Larson-Lane column is widely
Determination of Dissolved used as a method of detecting
CO2 in Power Plant trace contaminants in the water of
Condensate a power plant steam cycle as
cation conductivity. In converting
salts to their corresponding acids,
however, it fails to distinguish
between potentially harmful
anions, such as chloride, and
relatively innocuous ones, such as
bicarbonate. By passing the
effluent from the Larson-Lane
column through a packed column
through which pre-purified nitrogen
is bubbled, a means is available
for scrubbing out carbon dioxide,
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IWC-78~29 Paper
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for scrubbing out carbon dioxide,
thus differentiating between the
conductivities caused by strong
acids and carbonic acid. In this
paper, the equilibria of dissolved
carbon dioxide are examined in
detail to allow development of the
concentration expression required
by the theoretical conductance
equation. The results of the
calculations are presented as
graphs of conductance as a
function of concentration for
dissolved carbon dioxide,
hydrochloric acid, and mixtures of
the two acids. Results are then
given of experiments designed to
test the equations and optimize
operating conditions.
OperatIng Experience with CARLTON GRIMM, Montana Power Co., Butte, Montana, JAMES RIOS, Bechtel The Colstrip Steam Electric Station
a Water Management Power Corp., San Francisco, CA consists of two 358 MW coal-fired
System Designed for Zero units. A closed loop plant water
Wastewater Discharge at system was selected, such that no
the Colstrip Steam Electric wastewaters including cooling
Station tower blowdown, are discharged
from the plant site to avoid adverse
impact to natural water systems in
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the area. Zero discharge of plant
wastewaters was achieved by
innovative water management
system designs. The water
management system combines
plant processes with water
treatment processes to maximize
water reuse while minimizing
waste waters. Management of the
following four major usages of
plant water are essential to
controlling wastewater production:
(Circulating Water); Boiler Water
Makeup; Bottom Ash Handling;
Flue Gas Scrubbing. Vapor
compression evaporation is used
to process cooling tower blowdown
and demineralizer waste
regenerant, and the reject is sent
to lined brine ponds. Other ponds
are used for fly ash, bottom ash
and other wastes. Makeup feed
was fed to the clarifier and lime
softener from the surge pond and
then to a conventional makeup
water treatment system.
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IWC-78~30 Paper
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OperatIng Experience with R. E. MILLARD, Southern California Edison
a Water Management
System Designed for Zero
Wastewater Discharge at
the Colstrip Steam Electric
Station
Design and Operation of a J. PRINTZ, L. W. JOHNSON, J. T. ARONSON, H. J. MARTIN, Stearns-Roger, Hayden Unit 1 coal fired plant was
Zero Discharge System at Inc., Denver, Colorado originally equipped with a solids
Hayden Station contact coagulating clarifier and
rapid sand gravity filters, designed
to clarify and filter the entire unit
demand for potable water,
demineralizer makeup water,
cooling tower makeup water and
miscellaneous plant services. In
1971 zero liquid discharge was
required for unit 1 and 2. A
successful management program
requires conscientious equipment
monitoring, and supervision in
addition to design reliability. The
program at Hayden Station was
designed to increase reliability by
segregating water into three
distinct quality zones. Each system
was designed to be independent,
but includes gravity by-passes
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IWC-78~31 Report
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where necessary for emergencies.
Hayden Station has been
achieving zero discharge since
May 1976; however, the long term
success of the program hinges on
the continuing analysis and
interpretation of monthly water
balances developed by plant
personnel, adequate equipment
maintenance, and timely corrective
action. In short, eternal vigilance is
the price of zero discharge.
Design and Operation of a J. PRINTZ, L. W. JOHNSON, J. T. ARONSON, H. J. MARTIN, Stearns-Roger,
Zero Discharge System at Inc., Denver, Colorado
Hayden Station
Design and Operation of a L. O. BRESTEL, Colorado-Ute Electric Association, Inc.

Zero Discharge System at
Hayden Station
Corrosion of Copper Alloys G. T. FARLEY, F. G. VOGT, Betz Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, PA The industrial trend to increased
in High Conductivity cycles of concentration in cooling
Waters - A Progress water systems has resulted in
RePort higher levels of conductivity. These
waters are more aggressive to
copper alloys even in the presence
of chromate and benzotriazole.
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IWC-78~32 Report
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increased aggressiveness of these
higher conductivity waters and the
effects that chromate and
benzotriazole have on the
corrosion rate of copper alloys.
This work has demonstrated the
increased corrosivity of high
chloride waters toward admiralty
brass. Further, a mathematical
relationship between aggressive
chloride ion concentration and the
inhibitor combination of BZT and
chromate as they affect the
admiralty corrosion rate has been
proposed. This chromate/BZT
inhibitor combination would be
more typical of treatment programs
used in mixed metallurgy systems
common in many industrial sites.
Polymeric Flocculants - GEORGE M. THORPE, Hercules Inc., Wilmington, Delaware The subject of this report concerns
Versatile Tools for high molecular weight, water-
Environmental Protection soluble polymeric floculants that
have an important role in many
phases of environmental
protection. Some polyelectrolytes,
such as low molecular weight
polymers prepared from sodium
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IWC-78~33 Report
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acrylate, are widely used to
prevent the flocculation of solids in
suspension. For the purpose of
this paper, polymeric flocculants
had best be defined as water-
soluble, vinyl addition polymers
having a molecular weight of at
least 100,000. In almost any area
where there is a solids-liquid
separation step involved,
polymeric flocculants will greatly
increase the efficiency of the
separation process. In industry,
only by a laboratory and plant trial
can one predict the extent of the
effectiveness of a polyelectrolyte in
a given system. The mechanism
of flocculation and applications of
polymeric flocculants are reviewed.
Continuous Monitoring of 1 D. J. MILLER, Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, IL, C. H. NEFF, R. W. Present cation conductivity
- 5 microg/l. of Anions in LANE, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, IL techniques for analysis in the ppb
Feedwater by Electrical range; which are actually a
Conductivity measure of conductive anions ( in
acid form), generally do not take
into adequate consideration the
effect of temperature variation,
carbon dioxide content, flow rate,
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IWC-79~11AC Paper
IWC-78~34 Report
Page 2146 of 5199 01/27/2018

the quantity of hydrogen exchange
resin and the quality of resin, the
corrosion resistance of analyzer
parts, the importance of the choice
of sampling location, and the need
for attention to electrode
maintenance. These effects on
conductivity results are discussed
in this report. A modified cation
conductivity instrument was tested
on feedwater at the Kincaid Station
with once through boilers and
condensate polishers. At the
Crawford Station a reboiler was
added to remove carbon dioxide
and amines from the feedwater
sample prior to the conductivity
cell.
Ion Exchange Mechanism J. R. EMMETT, P. M. GRAINGER, NEI-John Thompson Ltd., Tipton, West
in Condensate Polishing Midlands, England
Sampling for Corrosion JOHN W. MOFFETT, Kentucky Utility Co., Ghent, Kentucky, J. E. ZOSKI, Betz The aim of this study is to
Products in High Pressure Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, PA determine how to run accurate,
Boilers precise corrosion product mass
balances on operating high
pressure boilers. A good mass
balance determination is an aid in
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Page 2149 of 5199 01/27/2018

interpreting the efficiency of boiler
and feedwater treatments. A mass
balance can be used to determine
the conditions when corrosion
product problems are likely to
occur and boiler chemical cleaning
scheduling. The purpose of this
phase of the study is to examine
some factors that affect sampling
for iron and copper in high
pressure boiler systems. The
statistical method of analysis of
variance was used to design and
interpret the experiment. This
experiment is designed to answer
certain specific questions: Is the
flow rate of the sample important?
Is the length of the sample line
important? Are there other
parameters of greater importance
than flow rate or line length? Do
the observed effects vary with
process point in the cycle? Enough
data are gathered in answering
these questions to provide an
answer to another question: "What
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IWC-78~35 Report
Page 2152 of 5199 01/27/2018

Operating Experiences CHESTER S. PARKS, Ecodyne/Graver Water Division, Union, NJ There are many factors that should
with Two New Filter be considered in obtaining proper
Precoat Materials operation of precoat filter
demineralizers. The industry offers
various precoat materials which
are designed to satisfy many
requirements. The amounts of
suspended solids in BWR
condensate proved to be greater
than anticipated. This resulted in
accelerated pressure differential
increase and cracking of powdered
resin precoats. The net result of
these unforeseen amounts of
suspended solids was higher than
originally anticipated resin
consumption. Efforts to reduce this
resin consumption led to the
development of an overlay precoat
material. Two materials are
presented which have improved
the suspended solids capacity of
precoat filter demineralizers. The
data presented in this progress
report will be helpful in selecting
precoat materials, especially
where suspended solids removal is
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IWC-78~36 Report
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the major consideration.
Sludge Handling and H. A. SCHLESINGER, Gibbs and Hill, New York, New York, P. D. BURGESS, This report summarizes the current
Disposal from Throwaway Stone and Webster, Boston, Massachusetts, J. H. DUFF, Burns and Roe, status of sludge handling and
Flue Gas Desulfurization Paramus, New Jersey, R. E. GENTNER, Los Angeles Dept. of Water and Power, disposal from operating lime,
Systems Los Angeles, Calif., N. C. MOHN, Combustion Engineering, Windsor, limestone and dual alkali Flue Gas
Connecticut Desulfurization, FGD, systems at
utility and a few industrial power
plants. The Power Plant Sludge
Task Group was established by
the ASME Subcommittee on
Aqueous Discharges to monitor
sludge handling and disposal
activities in order to keep the
subcommittee membership and
interested parties informed on
current practices, trends and
economics. Task Group members
represent consulting engineering,
utility and FGD System vendor
firms. Each member has
concentrated on one of the
following areas: Sludge Treatment
and Transportation; Ultimate
Disposal or Use; Leaching;
Technical Reports; and Liaison
with Technical and Government
Agencies A list of plants
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IWC-78~37 Report
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generating FGD sludge, how each
plant handles or treats its sludge
(ponding, fixation, other), disposal
site area, depth and lining, major
problem areas and solutions found
or proposed, costs (where
available) are presented. Areas
requiring further research or
development are discussed, and
observable trends are noted.
Locating Regions of A. RANTELL, J. M. GRANT, Central Electricity Generating Board, Ratcliffe-on- A technique using radio labelled
Localized Salt Deposition Soar, Nottingham, United Kingdom salts is described which can both
within an Operating Boiler locate and quantify the degree of
localized deposition of boiler salts
or contaminants within an
operating boiler. With the onset of
phosphate hideout the question
was raised as to whether the sites
of boiler salt deposition were
associated with the old or new,
and perhaps incipient, corrosion
sites. The program also involved
establishing a radiotracer method
for locating hideout in an
operational boiler. Large whole
boiler doses of Na24 were
employed (several curies in a
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IWC-78~38 Report
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relatively small boiler) and Na24
gamma flux measurements taken
as close to the boiler casing as
possible. The resolution of
localized deposition is within a few
decimetres for those water walls
which are readily accessible. The
technique becomes insensitive for
inaccessible water walls, and
hence areas of deposition there
must be inferred from isotope
inventories. The technique has
been used successfully to study
sodium phosphate hideout within a
60 MW(e) gas/ coal-fired drum
boiler operated on a
caustic/phosphate boiler treatment.
What Really Happens to SALLIE FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, PA This report is a brief overview of
Organics in Water the results of a year's application
Treatment Systems of instrumentation capable of
measuring dissolved organic
carbon at levels below 1 ppm to
the question of what happens to
the organic carbon in high purity
water systems. The examples
chosen are selected to illustrate
the types of problems that may be
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IWC-78~40 Report
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addressed. As the recycle of water
increases, the monitoring of their
organic content becomes
increasingly important. In addition
to applications involved with the
fouling and defouling anion resins
and the selection of the best
materials for use in specific
systems, following the total organic
content of the treated water is the
only way to determine how long
their cycles are, or whether they
are still working at all.
Analytical Problems in IRV KINNEY, JIM VINSON, Halliburton Services, Duncan, Oklahoma The two methods described in this
Chemical Cleaning of report have been demonstrated
Corrosion Products from under field test conditions to be
Steam Boilers accurate, simple, inexpensive, and
fast for monitoring active or un-
complexed EDTA by a titrimetric
procedures and complexed iron by
a colorimetric procedure Their
unique application to chemical
cleaning solvents provides an
excellent compromise between
speed , ease of analysis, and
accuracy in a matrix which
contains a high level of
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IWC-78~42 Report
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interferences. Many other
procedures would not tolerate the
high level of dissolved metal ions,
the presence of organic material,
or the presence of very active
chemical compounds found in this
application.
Typical Power Plant DICK R. COLMAN, ROBERT SIEV, Bechtel Power Corp., Norwalk, Calif With the establishment of more
Steam and Water stringent chemical limits by the
Analytical Systems suppliers of nuclear steam supply
systems and the suppliers of
turbines, system metallurgy and
chemical control philosophies were
re-examined and modified as
required to meet the quality goals.
The sampling and analytical
system design were established as
a part of the overall chemical
control to be practiced within a
plant. The requirements for
continuous on-line analyzers for
typical fossil, PWR and BWR
steam/water systems were
reviewed, and recommendations
on the design and location of
instrument cabinets and sample
conditioning were given.
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IWC-79~01 Paper
Page 2173 of 5199 01/27/2018

Condensate Polishing KERRY L. HARNER, Metropolitan Edison Company, Middleton, Pennsylvania, Experience at Three Mile Island
Experience at Three Mile KENNETH H. FREDERICK, GPU Service Corporation, Middleton, Pennsylvania has shown the complexities of
Island, Unit Two operating condensate polishing
systems to produce the quality of
effluent required by modern
generating stations. Consideration
of the requirements must begin in
the design phase and must be
continued into their operating
phase and should encompass new
processes and techniques as their
effectiveness is demonstrated. A
specialized water treatment
operator group is necessary if
consistent results are to be
achieved using complex modern
equipment and techniques.
Operating experience
demonstrated that the conversion.
to the Ammonex® regeneration
mode with an additional
regeneration tank permitted
operation of service vessels past
the ammonia break during. periods
of no condenser inleakage, but not
during periods of condenser
inleakage.
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IWC-79~02 Paper
Page 2176 of 5199 01/27/2018

Condensate Polishing KERRY L. HARNER, Metropolitan Edison Company, Middleton, Pennsylvania,
Experience at Three Mile KENNETH H. FREDERICK, GPU Service Corporation, Middleton, Pennsylvania
Island, Unit Two
Condensate Polishing G. J. CRITS, Cochrane Environmental Systems Crane Co., King Of Prussia,
Experience at Three Mile Pennsylvania
Island, Unit Two
Condensate Polishing JAMES D. SHIVERS, L*A/water Treatment Division, Industry, California

Experience at Three Mile
Island, Unit Two
Problems Encountered in SALLIE FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, Pennsylvania Many schemes for equipment
Operating Mixed Bed modification have been proposed
Demineralizers and to improve the performance of
Condensate Polishers make-up and condensate polishing
mixed beds. This paper looked at
the field problems from a new
vantage point - inside the
operating beds using generic
characterizations. None of the
systems discussed were new. All
except one had been in operation
at least two years with the same
charge of resin before they were
subjected to detailed analysis.
Most were failing to produce
sufficient water of the desired
quality at the time the work was
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IWC-79~03 Report
Page 2179 of 5199 01/27/2018

done. Not all of the problems
described here occurred in every
equipment design or with every
type of resin.
Problems Encountered in DONALD J. SEIGH, Pennsylvania Electric Company, Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Operating Mixed Bed
Demineralizers and
The VARIVOID® Filter in A. I. J. TREANOR, J. H. SMITH, Permutit Boby Portals Water Treatment Ltd., This paper presented operating
Use and Re-Use Schemes experience with a high flow rate
deep bed filtration sand filter in
which the bed porosity had been
altered to enhance orthokinetic
flocculation of suspended solids by
distributing a finer grade of media
to partially fill the interstitial pores
of the coarse grade media
throughout the deep bed. A key
factor was the minimum velocity
gradient in the bed required to
flocculate a particulate
concentration in the bed retention
zone. A multistage cleaning
process was described.
Applications discussed included
potable water, food industry
effluent, and oil well injection water
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IWC-79~04 Report
IWC-79~05 Report
Page 2182 of 5199 01/27/2018

Buoyant Media Filter KATHLEEN W, SIMMERS, Environmental Elements Corporation, Dorsey, The Buoyant Media Filter was the
Maryland latest development in the area of
shallow bed filtration using a 12
inch deep floating media which
was retained by a screen situated
at the top of the upflow annulus in
a flocculator/clarifier. Particles
were trapped on the surface and
after agglomeration fell downward
into the sludge layer. The results of
laboratory testing and a pilot plant
testing on various waste waters
were described.
Electromagnetic Filter O. U. J. BLOCK, Ebasco Services, Inc., New York, New York, C. J. The steam generator water
Application in Waterford DECAREAUX, Louisiana Power & Light, Company, Taft, Louisiana, J. R. WALL, chemistry at Waterford Nuclear
#3 Secondary System GEORGE T. ZIRPS, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Barberton, Ohio Power Plant was changed from
phosphate to volatile which
decreased the allowable limits for
feedwater dissolved and
particulate content. A combination
system was chosen using
electromagnetic filters with a ball
matrix and low range flow capacity
demineralizers for feedwater
recirculation during startups The
combination system is expected to
provide the required water quality
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IWC-79~06 Paper
Page 2185 of 5199 01/27/2018

in the steam generators and
feedwater. Only piping
modifications were required to
make this double utilization of the
purification equipment possible.
The Electromagnetic Filters with
their high removal effectiveness of
particulate impurities and their
easy, positive cleaning, permit the
downstream demineralizers to
remove the soluble impurities
without frequent backwashes and
the associated plant maintenance
effort.
Ion Exchange Mechanism V. R. DAVIES, Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA
EDTA as a Boiler Water D. L. VENEZKY, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., R. L. Modern naval 1200 psig steam
Treatment Program at DAUSUEL, Jr., Naval Ship Engineering Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania propulsion boilers are subject to
1200 PSIG the damaging effects of corrosion
and scale, accumulations of
suspended solids, as soft deposits
on watersides, required
mechanical cleaning to prevent
hard deposit formation which in
turn required chemical cleaning to
preclude overheating of boiler tube
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Page 2188 of 5199 01/27/2018

preclude overheating of boiler tube
metal. The chelating agent,
tetrasodium salt of
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,
Na4EDTA, was the ingredient of a
new Navy treatment and the
results of laboratory and ship tests
are reported herein. Part I deals
briefly with the chemistry of
Na4EDTA at high temperatures
and high pressures and the effect
these chemical results had on
developing the Navy chelant boiler
water treatment. Part II reports the
tests conducted ashore and at sea
using standard Navy boilers and
describes the results of waterside
and steamside inspections of the
boilers. The prevention of
corrosion by' forming a passive
magnetite film is one of the major
goals of boiler water treatment.
This paper has shown that
Na4EDTA can play a role in the
formation of such a film.
EDTA as a Boiler Water T. J. TVEDT, Jr., Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas
Treatment Program at
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IWC-79~07 Paper
Page 2191 of 5199 01/27/2018

1200 PSIG
Iron Oxide Deposition - J. A. KELLY, M. L. PALMER, Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, Illinois Steam generation can be seriously
Complete Boiler System affected by iron oxide deposition
Control on heat- transfer surfaces and are
becoming the primary means of
determining the frequency of acid
cleaning and other maintenance.
The major cause of iron oxide
deposits is increased return of
condensate that contains corrosion
products. Controlling these
deposits is accomplished by
reducing the amount of corrosion
products in the condensate
through mechanical and chemical
methods. Deposition is further
reduced by dispersing the iron
oxide and transporting it through
the boiler. Laboratory results and
two case studies of treatment with
chelating agents with dispersants
are reported.
Iron Oxide Deposition - ARTHUR W. FYNSK, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington,
Complete Boiler System Delaware
Control
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IWC-79~08 Paper
IWC-79~09 Paper
Page 2194 of 5199 01/27/2018

Let's Protect the Resin RONALD A. BOZE, COLIN C. TYRIE, R. K. HUMMEL, L'eau Claire Systems, This paper discussed the
Beds Inc., Kenner, Louisiana application of an upflow contact
clarifier, a combination of a
conventional clarifier and a sand
filter for pretreatment of surface
water. The mechanism of
particulate removal and design
considerations were discussed.
Four case studies were reported
with results on the removal of
bacteria, organics, colloidal silica
and silt.
Let's Protect the Resin ANTHONY S. CANZONERI, Louisiana Power and Light Company, _x000D_
Beds Killona, Louisiana
BWR Radwaste Filtration ROBERT L. TRACY, Boston Edison Company, Boston, Massachusetts An 8 gpm. up flow clarifier/sand
Pilot Plant Study filter system with polyelectrolyte
Comparison treatment was tested in a BWR
radwaste and consistently
produced water with an effluent
turbidity less than 0.3 JTU. The
filter sludge volume was 100 times
less and the throughput volume
per sq ft was 170 times more than
the existing 100 gpm., 60 sq. ft.
flatbed precoat filters with the
same feed turbidity.
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IWC-79~10 Paper
Page 2197 of 5199 01/27/2018

same feed turbidity.
BWR Radwaste Filtration BALLARD S. MAYS, Power Authority Of the State Of New York, James A.
Pilot Plant Study Fitzpatrick, Nuclear Power Plant, Lycoming, New York
Comparison
Recovery of Backwash JOHN F. LONGO, Ecodyne, Graver Water Division, Union, New Jersey, JAMES Environmental considerations have
Water from a Precoat H. HORTON, North Anna Power Sstation, Virginia Electric & Power Company placed serious restrictions on liquid
Demineralizer discharge from all types of power
plants. Water used to backwash
spent precoat materials in a,
nuclear plant is processed in the
radwaste facility and eventually
returned to the cycle. The high
quality backwash water necessary
to protect filter elements and avoid
premature exhaustion of the resins
is expensive and often in short
supply. The recovery system
discussed in this paper was
designed as an integral part of a
condensate polisher for PWR
service to provide the following
benefits: reduce the load on
nuclear radwaste facilities,
economically process spent
backwash water to condensate
specifications for return to the
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IWC-79~11 Paper
Page 2200 of 5199 01/27/2018

cycle and concentrate spent
precoat and suspended solids for
easier disposal.
Recovery of Backwash MARK BELL, Portland General Electric Company, Rainier, Oregon
Water from a Precoat
Demineralizer
Ion Exchange Mechanism J. R. EMMETT, P. M. GRAINGER, NEI-John Thompson Ltd., Tipton, West Existing condensate polishing
in Condensate Polishing Midlands, England plant performance and future
performance specifications were
assessed for the second series of
AGR Nuclear Power Stations and
the proposed PWR Nuclear Plants.
All condensate polishing plants
currently in service were designed
to operate in the H-OH mode. The
Central Electricity Generating
Board, CEGB proposed tighter
effluent values. In addition the
plant manufacturers were asked
whether this could be achieved
when operating through into the
ammonia cycle at relatively high
pH values. The literature was
inconclusive and a development
program was undertaken to assess
the optimum resin and
regeneration procedure. A major
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IWC-79~12 Paper
Page 2203 of 5199 01/27/2018

regeneration procedure. A major
requirement was to remove all
sodium from the cation resin and
sulfate in the anion resin in the
regenerated mixed bed. This was
accomplished by the use of a
tribed with an inert resin layer, and
the development of the ‘Conesep’
system with a separator/anion
regeneration vessel and a cation
regeneration vessel. Cation resin
transfer was controlled by a
conductivity cell in the transfer pipe
which resulted in very low cross
contamination.
The Successful Use of R. J. FRANCO, Esso Engineering (Europe) Ltd., New Malden, Surrey, England Non-chromate treatment programs
Non-Chromate Cooling have been demonstrated to
Water Treatments provide acceptable protection
against corrosion and fouling. Keys
to success include: maintaining
adequate water velocity. to prevent
fouling, ensuring adequate dosage
of treatment chemical based on
the manufacturer 's
recommendations and on the
results of field tests, ensuring
sufficient hardness and alkalinity in
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IWC-79~13 Paper
Page 2206 of 5199 01/27/2018

the water to reinforce the corrosion
protective film, the upper limits of
hardness, alkalinity and pH
recommended by the water
treatment company must also be
observed, microbiological control
should be maintained so as to
avoid fouling by slimes and other
organisms which could contribute
to under-deposit corrosion and
good chlorination is essential.
The Successful Use of PAUL PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio
Non-Chromate Cooling
Water Treatments
Molybdate Based Cooling RICHARD J. LIPINSKI, The Mogul Corporation, Chagrin Falls, Ohio The environmental safety of
Water Treatment molybdate use in water treatment
is now well established.
Molybdates exhibit a corrosion
inhibitor potential similar to
chromates in aerated water. New
cooling water treatments based on
varying molybdate/phosphonate
content show
Molybdate Based Cooling DAVID E. SIMON, II, NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
Water Treatment
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IWC-79~14 Paper
IWC-79~15 Paper
Page 2209 of 5199 01/27/2018

Team Approach Saves L. R. NORMAN, Jr., Public Service Company Of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Experimental operation of cooling
Water for PNM Mexico, W. S. MIDKIFF, University Of California - Los Alamos Scientific towers at high concentrations of
Laboratory, Los Alamos, California, J. A. BAUMBACH, Nalco Chemical silica was investigated in recent
Company_x000D_ years at Los Alamos Scientific
Chicago, Illinois Laboratory, LASL. The application
of this technology has been
extended to a commercial power-
generating facility. Public Service
Company of New Mexico, PNM,
has been successfully operating
one of their cooling towers at 240
mg/L silica for nearly a year. This
controlled demonstration shows
large water savings, improved
corrosion control, and clean heat
exchangers with a small increase
in chemical costs.
Team Approach Saves ROY V. COMEAUX, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Baytown,
Water for PNM Texas
Scale and Corrosion WILLIAM O. JACOBSON, San Diego Gas & Electric Company, San Diego, Certain non-metallic materials,
Parameters at a California, P. M. HENRY, NUS Corporation, Sherman Oaks, California, A. N. Teflon PFA, ceramics, and vinyl
Geothermal Loop ROGERS, FRED SCHOEPFLIN, Bechtel National, Inc., San Francisco, esters, were extremely resistant to
Experimental Facility California the corrosive Salton Sea brines
used in the Geothermal Loop
Experimental Facility, GLEF. Other
organic materials failed, some due
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IWC-79~16 Paper
Page 2212 of 5199 01/27/2018

organic materials failed, some due
to loss of the bonding adhesive
holding the coating to the carbon
steel substrate. The nickel base
alloys exhibited the lowest
corrosion rates in both the well
head fluid (450 °F) and separated
steam and brine from the first
stage (363 °F). Although several
scale control additives have been
identified in screening tests as
being effective in retarding silica
precipitation, testing is required in
situ at the GLEF to validate the
laboratory results.
Scale and Corrosion ROLAND QUONG, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore California
Parameters at a
Geothermal Loop
Experimental Facility
Pilot Demonstration - MCT RICKIE SLATE, Nevada Power Co., Las Vegas, Nevada, CRAIG ZEIEN, CH2M- A successful pilot plant
Process Zero Discharge Hill Company, Bellevue, Washington, WILLIAM SANDERSON, Tower Systems, demonstration of the Magma
for the Sunrise Station Inc., Tacoma, Washington Cooling Tower, MCT, process was
held at the Nevada Power
Company Sunrise Station. This
paper describes the test program
conducted at Sunrise and the
performance of the unit. The MCT
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IWC-79~17 Paper
Page 2215 of 5199 01/27/2018

Process is a falling-film device
which exchanges heat between
two process fluids and an induced
air stream. At Sunrise, the pilot unit
extracted heat from the power
plant cooling system and used the
heat to evaporate wastewater
(cooling tower blowdown). The unit
was run at various conditions
representing winter and summer
operation. Evaporation rates were
monitored and compared with
previous data. The unit operated
on heavy brine concentrations
without biofouling or scaling, and
utilized chemical softening for
hardness control. Successful
performance, operability, and
availability were demonstrated
under real operating conditions.
Pilot Demonstration - MCT WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
Process Zero Discharge
for the Sunrise Station
Water and Chemical I. M. SPINNER, University Of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, P. J. The pressing need in the metal
Recovery by Reciprocating SIMMONS, C. J. BROWN, Eco-Tec Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada and plastic surface finishing
Flow Ion Exchange industry for more economical
methods of water recovery,
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IWC-79~19 Report
Page 2218 of 5199 01/27/2018

methods of water recovery,
chemical recovery and pollution
control has led to a solution best
expressed as "Pollution Abatement
via Resource Recovery", PARR.
This paper will briefly examine the
fundamentals of Reciprocating
Flow Ion Exchange, following with
a discussion based on field data,
of the use of the technique in the
surface finishing industry. Finally,
the results of an integrated
approach to pollution abatement
and resource recovery in a plastics
plating plant will be discussed.
Magnetic Field GEORGE KVAJIC, MIRJANA MILOSEVIC-KVAJIC, University Of Miami, Miami, This paper reviewed the literature,
Conditioning of Industrial Florida on the effect of magnetic fields on
Waters aqueous systems pertaining to
water treatment. These effects are
classified into short term
activation/relaxation processes in
an external field, and are evident
only at high field strengths such
magnetic separation, coagulation
and filtration with materials of high
magnetic susceptibility, and long
term ‘memory’ effects following a
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IWC-79~20 Paper
Page 2221 of 5199 01/27/2018

short term exposure. Other long
term effects are reviewed including
the nucleation and crystallization
effects related to the anti-scaling
magnetic devices or ‘gadgets’ with
‘hit or miss’ trial results. Case
histories are discussed for one of
these devices.
Water Conditioning J. FRED WILKES, Water Technology Consultants, La Grange, Illinois, RAY The objectives in this update are to
Devices - An Update BAUM, Craft Products Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania discuss operating principles of '
new generation' non-chemical
devices now being marketed, as
described in manufacturers' trade
literature. To view these devices in
perspective, they will be compared
with established
electrical/magnetic water
conditioning systems of proven
performance, and which produce
predictable, reproducible results
and require appreciable energy
input for operation, and have
demonstrated consistent
effectiveness in corrosion control
and water or waste treatment
applications. These systems based
on accepted scientific principles.
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IWC-79~21 Report
Page 2224 of 5199 01/27/2018

Numerous water treatment devices
systems based on electrostatic
fields, some with ultrasonic energy,
magnetic fields, permanent and
electrical, ozone generators are
reviewed and their claims
examined, case histories indicated
that the claims were invalid and
the devices were not effective in
the long term.
Water Conditioning DR. GEORGE KVAJIC, Laboratory for Water Research, University Of Miami,
Devices - An Update Coral Gables, FL
The Fatal Lure of Water J. C. DROMGOOLE, Maintenance Engineering Corporation, Houston, Texas, M. This paper is intended to examine
Treating Gadgets C. FORBES, Alchem, Inc., Houston, Texas the causes for the re-emergence of
water treating "cure-alls" that claim
to eliminate most or all of the ills
that accompany the use of water
for industrial purposes. These
devices generally invoke the well-
known scientific principles of
magnetism, electrostatics,
electrolytic phenomena, radiation,
catalysis or other physiochemical
methods, The devices which we
shall refer to as "gadgets" offer
(but do not deliver) a wide range of
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IWC-79~22 Report
Page 2227 of 5199 01/27/2018

(but do not deliver) a wide range of
relief from water problems using
secret or poorly explained pseudo-
scientific processes and usually for
little or no cost other than that
which is paid to their promoter and
his salesmen. Professional
technical societies and
independent research institutes
which warn against these devices
are often ignored. The indicators
identifying a gadget are listed in
detail and common sense guides
are given when a trial of a device
is proposed.
Fundamental and Basic FRANK X. McGARVEY, MICHAEL C. GOTTLIEB, Ionac Chemical Co., This paper reviews the efforts
Theories Regarding the Birmingham, New Jersey made to solve ion exchange
Proper Use of Modern Day technical problems from the
Ion Exchange Resins standpoint of the chemical and
physical structure of the resins in
relation to chemical and physical
attrition, silica removal, operating
capacity and organic fouling
resistance. Also, the development
and interpretation of laboratory
information upon which to base
design information is considered
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IWC-79~23 Report
Page 2230 of 5199 01/27/2018

from the standpoint of the current
state of the art. In this paper we
have shown the evolution of
modern ion exchange art from the
viewpoint of synthesis
development, applications know-
how and process improvements
leading to the creation of a new
generation of macroporous ion
exchange resins. We have shown
that these products have operating
capacities and leakage levels
comparable to good quality gel
resins. We have also shown that
these resins have physical
toughness, oxidation stability and
organic fouling resistance at least
equivalent to their predecessors,
the original macroporous resins.
Twenty Years of ROBERT KUNIN, Consultant, Yardley, Pennsylvania, JAMES H. BARRETT, Of the several outstanding
Macroreticular Ion Rohm & Haas Company, Spring House, Pennsylvania developments that have occurred
Exchange Resins during the history of ion exchange
resin technology, the commercial
development of macro reticular ion
exchange resins ranks very high
on the list. In fact, during the past
two decades, practically all of the
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IWC-79~24 Report
Page 2233 of 5199 01/27/2018

developments in terms of new ion
exchange resins have involved,
primarily, variations in chemical
structure. The development of
macroreticular ion exchange resins
represents a significant novel
development in terms of physical
structure. Although macroreticular
ion exchange resins are now used
routinely throughout the world for a
host of different applications, there
exist many misconceptions
concerning their structures, as well
as their advantages and
disadvantages. It has become
quite apparent to the authors that
these misconceptions. should be
clarified, and that the development
of macroreticular resins be put into
its proper perspective.
Optimize Capacity and LEONARD J. LEFEVRE, Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Michigan Weakly basic anion exchange
Performance of the Weak resins were the first anion
Base Anion Bed in Water exchange resins developed
Demineralization synthetically. Since they were
strong acid adsorbers and not true
ion exchangers they were limited
in their ability to remove weak
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Page 2236 of 5199 01/27/2018

acids from solution or to split
neutral salts. Weakly basic resins
which had adsorbed mineral acids
released these acids upon
neutralization with a caustic
solution, sodium hydroxide,
ammonium hydroxide or sodium
carbonate, at near stoichiometric
caustic requirements. For
economic reasons and for organic
removal weak base resins have
been teamed in series with strong
base resins and regenerated with
the effluent caustic, but this can
cause fouling by the silica gel
polymer formed at greater than pH
5.5, particularly in layered anion
beds, and release of adsorbed
organics to foul the strong base
resin. With aging weak base resin
are oxidized and form weak acid
functional groups which can
adsorb and release sodium,
requiring long rinse times to meet
effluent conductivity requirements.
This paper discusses procedures
to alleviate these problems and
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Page 2238 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-79~25 Report
IWC-79~26 Paper
Page 2239 of 5199 01/27/2018

also retrofit resins in the
demineralizer train.
Proper Maintenance of Ion R. E. KETTEN, Hercules, Incorporated, Marshallton, Delaware Where water or steam-related
Exchange Systems problems have arisen in a boiler
plant, the cause has frequently
been traced to the pretreatment
systems, resulting from
malfunction, operator error, poor
maintenance, and/or failure to
adjust for changing conditions. A
great number of systems allowed
to deteriorate in performance have
required attention to the need for
periodic tuneup and maintenance.
For proper maintenance
procedures the "basic" operating
steps have been are reviewed in
this paper, including ion exchange,
de-carbonators and auxiliary
equipment.
Steam Purity Monitoring S. H. PETERSON, J. C. BELLOWS, D. F. PENSENSTADLER, W. M. HICKMAN, This continuing steam purity
for Turbine Corrosion Westinghouse Research & Development Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania monitoring program has
Control: A Total Plant contributed to the understanding of
Survey impurity levels and their transport
in steam turbines. In this paper the
steam purity monitoring program is
described, along with the results of
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a total plant survey conducted at
Decker Creek Station, Unit #1.
This turbine unit was inspected in
February, 1978, and found to be
free of LP blade distress after 71
months of operation. It was chosen
as a program control unit. The
steam purity was well controlled
within Westinghouse
recommended ion levels and was
insensitive to load variation down
to 25% of maximum design load.
The high degree of steam purity
observed through the test appears
to be a result of the effective
operation of the drum, separating
ionic impurities from the drum
steam and removing them as
blowdown. Some salt deposits
were observed, but were washed
into the condenser at startup. In
contrast to a previous test of an
affected once through unit, the use
of a drum boiler, and the observed
quality of Decker Creek's makeup
water permitted operation with
acceptable corrodent
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IWC-79~27 Paper
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concentrations in deposits, without
evidence of corrosion-induced
blade distress.
Steam Purity Monitoring S. H. PETERSON, J. C. BELLOWS, D. F. PENSENSTADLER, W. M. HICKMAN,
for Turbine Corrosion Westinghouse Research & Development Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Control: A Total Plant
Survey
Steam Purity Monitoring JAMES K. RICE, Consulting Engineer, Olney, Maryland
for Turbine Corrosion
Control: A Total Plant
Survey
Characterization of JUDITH A. RAWA, EARL L. HENN, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Ion chromatography, IC, is a new
Industrial Process Waters Pennsylvania analytical technique, which was
and Water-Formed introduced in 1975, to provide a
Deposits by Ion sequential determination of most of
Chromatography the common anions and cations
normally found in water. It is an ion
exchange technique which uses
conductivity as a means of
detection. Ions are separated by
ion exchange based on their
relative affinities for an exchange
resin. Since numerous anions and
cations can be determined at the
ppm level, this technique offers the
capability of providing an ion
profile of a water sample. IC has
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IWC-79~28 Report
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played an increasing role in the
area of water pollution monitoring
and industrial water process
control. The application range has
been broadened to include more
precise assessment of steam
purity monitoring of boiler and
cooling water treatment, as well as
improved characterization of
water-formed deposits.
Characterization of STEVE LERMAN, Consolidated Edison Co. of N.Y., Inc., Astoria, New York
Industrial Process Waters
and Water-Formed
Deposits by Ion
Chromatography
Instrumentation and CARL A. MAHNKEN, GLENN E. VERMILION, Resources Conservation Co., An integrated wastewater recovery
Control in a Wastewater Seattle, Washington system was required for a coal-
Recovery System fired generating station to meet
Federal and State zero-discharge
requirements. This paper
describes the control strategy
utilized for the system and details
several of the unusual schemes.
Particular emphasis is placed on
the coordinated efforts of the
various concerned parties during
the design phase of the project.
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IWC-79~29PD Panel Report
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The control system contains over
140 loops and includes the usual
temperature, pressure, flow and
level schemes as well as
conductivity, pH, density, turbidity
and other analytical functions. A
considerable effort was made to
simplify the control modes to
enable the plant personnel to
easily diagnose and correct
problems. Several feed forward,
cascade and non-linear systems
are described.
Practical Aspects of RCRA LARRY SIMMONS, Energy Impact Associates, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Amendments to the Clean Air Act
and Clean Water Act have reduced
the environmental control
engineer's options in plant
operation. Now, toxic and
hazardous waste laws passed in 1
976 are beginning to be felt as
regulations are promulgated to
enforce those laws. A relative
newcomer is the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act,
RCRA, addressing a wide range of
waste disposal and recycling
problems, including such practices
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IWC-80-48 Report
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as open dumping, improper
disposal of hazardous wastes and
the wasteful burial of recoverable
resources. Industrial and utility
associations have been active in
the control of hazardous and non-
hazardous wastes. Several
members of those associations are
present to discuss those activities
and how the present form of the
RCRA regulations affect their
industries. Practical aspects of
RCRA are somewhat difficult to
present in light of the delays and
suspected re-promulgation of
existing draft regulations. Several
areas are discussed based,
including a review of RCRA
subtitles A though H, an overview
of EPA hazardous waste
regulations and suggested industry
actions.
The Use of the Upflow GEORGE GOYAK, WILLIAM O'DONNELL, PHILIP W. SPRAKER, MICHAEL J. The upflow biotower system,
Biotower and Mutant TELEPCHAK, Sybron Corporation, Leopold Division, Zelienople, Pennsylvania combines the benefits of an
Bacteria Cultures to aerobic fixed film system for toxic
Effectively Treat Process and hard t o biodegrade materials,
Wastewater and suspended growth for total
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breakdown of organic wastes.
Additionally, the bacteria cultures
are highly efficient mutants
selected specifically for each
organic waste. Comparisons are
drawn with other types of biological
waste treatment processes and
applications are discussed
State Implementation GARY GALIDA, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, This report discussed the
Harrisburg Pennsylvania implementation of legislation on
the management of hazardous
waste by the State of
Pennsylvania. The Department of
Environmental Resources has
previously addressed solid waste
in commercial and municipal
activities, such as processing and
disposal, and now has to address
industrial and hazardous wastes
with inadequate facilities and no
manifest system for waste
tracking, and public opposition to
waste processing and disposal
sites. Legislation has passed to
ensure compliance and to halt
illegal disposal activities. An
Industrial Advisory Committee has
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been formed to assist in the
development of rules and
regulations required for the
hazardous waste program.
Effect on Industries: Steel PHILIP X. MASCIANTONIO, U.S. Steel Corp. This report discussed the solid
waste problem in the steel
industry. The trade association has
been active in the issuance of
regulations and providing input to
the EPA. The steel industry has in-
plant waste processing and
recycling in sinter plants and has
developed its own waste disposal
operations. With the RCRA
regulations these facilities must be
upgraded or shut down. There is a
concern about what waste may be
classified as hazardous, such as
blast furnace slag which is a
valuable byproduct. The steel
industry supports the principles of
RCRA and minimizes waste
disposal, but anticipates a long
hard road to get liveable
regulations in place.
Effect on Industries: Power PAUL EMLER JR., Allegheny Power Service Corp. Greensburg, Pennsylvania This report indicates RCRA applies
to all power plants with the
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greatest impact to coal fired power
plants. Estimates are given on the
amounts of liquid, sludge and solid
wastes generated and subject to
non hazardous, hazardous and
special waste regulations. Impacts
on disposal sites, design and
operation of facilities, costs and
reuse and utilization are
commented on._x000D_
The regulations require zero
impact on ground water at the
boundary of the site, at least
meeting drinking water standards.
Cost estimates are given for the
special waste category: fly ash,
bottom ash and scrubber sludge,
and reuse may be impractical if
their byproducts are deemed
hazardous. Compliance would be
acceptable to the power industry if
the RCRA regulations are
environmentally sound and
operationally economical.
Effect on Industries: WILLIAM ZARELLA, Gulf Oil Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The petroleum industry
Refining exploration, production,
transportation, refining and the
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corner service station are all
affected by the by the RCRA act
and by the proposed regulations.
Waste mud and brine pit disposal
sites have to be lined, fenced and
guarded, at a significant cost at
drilling sites. In refining similar
problems occur with lining waste
water holding ponds and other
holding ponds. A requirement by
the EPA to reduce water usage in
refineries will require additional
water treatment and sludge
disposal. Service stations will have
to track and treat waste oil as a
hazardous material. Waste
petroleum products must be
handled with regard to the degree
of hazard without excessive cost.
Effect on Industries: LEE HUGHES, Mobay Chemical Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The Resource Conservation and
Chemical Recovery Act with its protocol to
distinguish between hazardous
and non-hazardous substances, its
manifest and permit system, and
its stringent disposal site
construction criteria, should help to
bring future disposal operations
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under control. But implementing
the regulations will not be without
its impact on the chemical industry.
Two areas that will be a direct
benefit to the Chemical Industry
would be the development of new
production and process
technologies which are inherently
cleaner and have improved yields.
The other benefit will be the
increased an awareness of the
true value of materials which are
merely discarded at the present
time. The impact of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act
Regulations will be significant, for
not only the chemical but all of
industry; the disposal of waste is a
problem which industry can no
longer ignore. These regulations
for the first time create a
comprehensive system of control
for solid waste disposal. On the
other hand, regulation should
provide for an allocation of
resources which are practical,
efficient, and relate the cost to the
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societal benefits that are gained.
Effect on Industries: B. A. KERNS, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania General manufacturing has large
General Manufacturing quantities of all types of wastes
which are different for each plant
and have different waste disposal
problems. Hazardous waste
handling and disposal continues to
exasperate both industry and
government, and previous neglect
of residues presents great
obstacles to control measures. The
implementation of the RCRA
regulations will increase the cost to
the company for environmental
control by several times. A regional
plan for systematic waste disposal
from all company plants has been
studied. The overall costs of
compliance and the lack of
availability of disposal sites and
waste management resources are
difficult to estimate, but operating
costs will significantly increase
more than capital costs.
Impact on Contract WILLIAM S. EVERTS, Chemline Corporation, Princeton, New Jersey, Looking at the waste from the
Disposal Firms (1) standpoint of the contract disposer,
we take whatever waste that they
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have left over, the real bad things,
and put them in the proper place.
Looking at RCRA there are several
areas that are really going to affect
us tremendously. In the record
keeping area we're going to have a
doubling, tripling or quadrupling. In
our facilities design work, we're
going to have to look into a lot of
things with existing facilities as well
as our new facilities as they will
relate to the proposed regulations.
As far as our facilities location,
when we go to locate a new
facility, we will have all kind of site
problems and higher costs. RCRA
has graduated the contract
disposal firms out of the garbage
business into the chemical
processing business. We have to
do a lot more complicated things
now; and we have to hire people
that have more abilities dealing
with waste and dealing with our
environment.
Ozone in Cooling Water WALTER ZABBAN, Consultant, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Systems: A State of the
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Art Report
Impact on Contract J. T. LURCOTT, Rollins Environmental Services, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware The RCRA is to the contract
Disposal Firms (2) disposal industry, both the greatest
business opportunity you can
imagine, and on the other hand, a
major potential stopper or killer for
the operation of the whole industry.
In the opportunity area it is a
tremendous technical, economic,
sales, and political challenge,
perhaps more political than
anything else. In the stopper area,
the very heavy cost -impacts, and
the very high public profile that is
involved may result in a situation
where more off-site waste disposal
or contract disposal could
conceivably become something
done by the public sector. It is
going to take cooperative efforts
dealing with state agency task
forces, or the special study group
to overcome new site issues where
very heavy local opposition will be
encountered and legal
involvement. This is true whether it
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IWC-79~38 Report
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involvement. This is true whether it
is incineration, stabilization, secure
landfill, aqueous treatment, or
whatever. Not only the
administrative agency, but also the
governor's office and the
legislature must come to terms
with creating a situation where it is
possible to set up and build a well
engineered, well constructed
facility for the management of
these wastes.
Hydrogen Peroxide and FRIEDRICH MARTINOLA, Bayer AG, Leverkusen-Bayerwerk, West Germany Ion exchange resins and hydrogen
Ion Exchangers in Power peroxide react with one another.
Plant Operation Under the conditions of
condensate polishing, the
hydrogen peroxide becomes
decomposed on passing through
the layers of exchange resin,
particularly in the strongly basic
resin in hydroxyl form. Of decisive
importance for the loss of
hydrogen proxide when passing
through the resin layers are the
contact time and resin surface
area. No basic differences were
found between resin beads and
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IWC-79~39 Report
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powdered resins. Where the ion
exchange resins were exposed to
condensates of approximately 1
mg/l. hydrogen proxide, for not
more than 10 days, no soluble
compounds are formed which
impair the conductivity and the
content of organic substances in
the condensate. The results show
that a water-steam circuit can be
pretreated with hydrogen peroxide
even when a purification unit with
ion exchange resins is present.
Evaluation of L. L. NOLAN, Northern States Power, Monticello, Minnesota The Monticello Station is a 545
Filter/Demineralizer megawatt boiling water reactor .
Precoat Materials on The plant has full flow precoat filter
Monticello Nuclear Station condensate treatment. The
Condensate System increasing cost of radwaste
disposal prompted Northern States
Power to investigate various
methods of reducing the radwaste
burden .Approximately 50-60% of
the radwaste shipped consists of
spent precoats from the
condensate filter/demineralizer
systems . Increasing the
filter/demineralizer run length
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IWC-79~40 Report
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would significantly decrease both
the amounts of radwaste
generated and the cost of burial.
Monticello therefore decided to
evaluate a fibrous precoat overlay
material designed to increase run
length and minimize element
fouling caused by fissuring in the
powdered resin precoat and
element fouling. With the addition
of an air surge backwash method
the run lengths were significantly
increased and disposal costs
reduced.
A New Condensate NICHOLAS J. NITTI, The Permutit Company, Paramus, New Jersey Sodium cycle condensate
Polishing Technique for polishers have been used for
Medium Pressure Boilers treatment of low pressure boilers
for condensate up to 300 °F and
boiler pressures below 900 psi. At
higher boiler pressures mixed bed
polishers can be used at low
temperatures at higher cost. A
condensate polisher with a cation
resin bed using an ammonium
cycle with sulfuric acid
regeneration was investigated in
laboratory tests for sodium
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IWC-79~41 Report
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removal to less than 0.5 ppm. The
cation resin was regenerated in
place to the hydrogen form and
then to the ammonium form with
ammonium sulfate. To avoid resin
fouling by iron corrosion products it
was necessary to add sodium
hydrosulfite as a reducing cleaner
to the first step in the ammoniation
process.
Operating Experience with J. J. WOLFF, Dia-Prosim, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France, I. M. ABRAMS, Diamond The principal difficulty in achieving
Triobed in the Production Shamrock Chemical Company, Redwood City, California sub-ppb leakage and ultimate
of Ultra High Purity Water quality effluents in mixed bed
operations is due to the cross-
contamination of resins during
hydraulic separation prior to
regeneration. Incomplete
separation subsequently leads to
escape of sodium and sulfate ions
from the mixed beds. The problem
is particularly aggravated with
external regeneration for
condensate treatment and
operation past the ammonia break.
_x000D_
The TRIOBED polisher is designed
to prevent the problem due to
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IWC-79~42 Report
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cross-contamination in mixed beds
by using a mixture of three
components: a strong-acid cation
exchanger, a strong-base anion
exchanger, and an inert resin. The
specific gravity and particle size of
the three components are
designed to separate virtually
completely into three distinct layers
after backwash with a middle layer
of inert resin. Case histories of the
implementation of tribed polisher
operations with external
regeneration at Doel Unit 1 and 2
PWR nuclear plants and Fawley P.
S., and with internal regeneration
at Shelle P. S. are discussed.
Weak Base Resin ERWIN C. WACKENHUTH, Public Service Electric & Gas Company, Newark, In a progress report, IWC-75~04,
Performance at Linden New Jersey at this conference, it was indicated
and Sewaren Generating that we would continue to watch
Stations, Public Service very closely the comparative
Electric and Gas Company performance of high capacity
epoxy-amine weak base resins at
both the Sewaren Station of Public
Service Electric & Gas and at the
Midwest Utility Linden Station
demineralizers. Since that time, all
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IWC-79~43 Report
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six operating units at Linden
Station have been converted to
weak base resin replacing the old
macroporous and epoxy-amine
resins. This step was taken
primarily because the system
needed additional capacity. The
greater capacity of this weak base
resin provided an opportunity to
increase the system capacity
without the need for an additional
anion vessel and an additional
regeneration system. The results
of this and other modifications to
the anion units are discussed.
The Thermal Hydrolytic ROBERT S. MITCHELL, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mo. 63166
Stability of 1-
Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-
Diphosphonic Acid
Progress Report: M. C. SKRIBA, W. M. ALVINO, Westinghouse Research & Development Center, Extracting uranium at very low
Predicting Resin Breakage Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania concentration levels from the acid
in an Ion Exchange Plant leach liquors of dirty copper mine
dump leach solutions required a
deep bed, continuous
countercurrent ion exchange,
CCIX, process with a strong base
anionic gel type resin. In the first
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attempt at system startup, the
resin deteriorated badly at
operating conditions far below
design levels. It was clear that the
initial resin was too weak in its
physical stability for the CCIX
system. Within 6 hours after initial
startup the bed pressure drop was
too high to continue. After several
days of modifications and startup
attempts the entire bed load of
1000 cu. ft. of resin was badly
deteriorated by broken beads. The
unit was filled with a new bed load
of resin which also deteriorated
within 6 hours. This gel resin was
also physically too weak for this
service. An improved combined
mechanical and osmotic shock test
had been under development and
was used to find a more stable
resin for use in the process.
Details of the test equipment and
procedure were given with results
of resin bead examination for
fracturing, cracking and fines
fractions with number of cycles. A
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IWC-79~44 Report
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Plant Operating RALPH F. EHERTS, Baltimore Gas & Electric Company, Lusby, Maryland Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant,
Experience with the First CCNPP, units 1 & 2, had installed
Tri-Bed Condensate condensate polishing systems
Polishing Installation in the consisting of powdered ion
U.S.A. exchange precoat filters followed
by deep-bed condensate polishing
filters. Frequent condenser in-
leakage has prompted action
towards the use of the condensate
deep bed polishing system during
steady-state operation at or near
design full flow rate. However,
several significant problems were
noted including: poor bed volume
adjustment,: excessive time
required to regenerate, the
operators could not perceive a
color gradient between the
separated anion & cation resins
and cation resin carryover into the
anion resin resulted in effluent
sodium values in excess of 2 5
ppb. The direction chosen was the
use of an inert layer in an
integrated tribed resin system with
discernible interface color
gradients. Special screened
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IWC-79~45 Report
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macroporous cation and anion
resins were used with the inert
resin in a test mixed bed polisher
vessel and formed on
backwashing three layers with
sharp discernable interfaces at the
central inert layer. The inert layer
minimized cation resin carryover
and sodium release to less than
0.1 ppb prior to the ammonia
break.
A New Treatment for D. S. RICHARDSON, Mogul Corp., Chagrin Falls, Ohio, F. L HORSFALL, A liquid suspension of seven
Biodegradable Waste General Environmental Science Corporation, Beachwood, Ohio, S. M. naturally occurring saprophytic
TAMBORINI, Ventron Corporation, Beverly, Massachusetts, bacteria has been prepared to
specifically augment waste
treatments which depend upon the
activities of bacteria. This
suspension is unique in that the
bacteria are held metabolically
inactive. The concerted activities of
these bacteria can degrade a
variety of organic wastes, resulting
in lower BOD values, removal of
noxious odors and grease
accumulation and more efficient
conversion of ammonia to nitrate.
The results of the addition of the
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IWC-79~46 Report
IWC-79~47 Report
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liquid bacterial suspension are
discussed in two case studies at
waste treatment facilities.
Dechlorination Practices ANDREW S. C. CONSTABLE, Capital Controls Company, Colmar, Pennsylvania Many control methods are
and Control available for dechlorination
systems to provide an optimum
system for each application. In
order to ensure that the
appropriate control system is
utilized, the following items should
be carefully considered. The
characteristics of the receiving
stream and the treatment plant or
cooling tower system should be
reviewed to determine what control
system is appropriate. Inaccurate
or over-sizing of the equipment
should be avoided. Ensure that
rapid and adequate mixing of the
sulfur dioxide solution with the
process water is obtained. A feed
forward control system for
dechlorination of water is required
for low chlorine residuals.
The Use of a Novel KARL W. HERMAN, Drew Chemical Corporation, Boonton, New Jersey, JAMES The development of a truly
Portable Fouling and G. KNUDSEN, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon portable, completely automatic
Corrosion Monitor- fouling and corrosion
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IWC-79~48 Report
IWC-80-05 Paper
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Recorder in Industrial monitor/recorder is reviewed, with
Cooling Water Systems all major control components
discussed. Results of actual field
applications are presented, and
acquired data summarized.
Computer and additional
monitoring capabilities are
outlined.
Foam Cleaning of Boiler CLIFFORD L. BALL, B. G. SIMMONS, Dowell Industrial Services, Midland, Foam cleaning of several
Systems Michigan, PETER P. LATENA, Long Island Lighting, Glenwood Landing, New condensers at Long Island Lighting
York Company (LILCO) since 1974 has
resulted in a benefit/cost ratio of
8:1 in improved performance. This
type of cleaning, as applied to
high-pressure turbines, has saved
the company as much as $170,000
in turbine maintenance costs. This
paper will cover circumstances to
justify considerations toward the
foam cleaning of condensers.
Design and Operation of a RONALD. J. WEIS, Peabody-Welles, Roscoe, Illinois, LEE STIERWALT, City of The Martin Drake Power Station,
Cooling Tower Sidestream Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado CO, with three power units
Treatment System directed investigated treatment
facilities for the liquid waste
discharged from the plant as
effluent flows did not consistently
meet the 1977 criteria described in
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IWC-79~49 Report
Page 2317 of 5199 01/27/2018

their NPDES permit. The overall
plan provided for an integrated ash
handling and side stream
treatment system for cooling tower
blowdown, This paper deals
specifically with the cooling tower
side stream treatment of blowdown
containing small amounts of ash.
Cold lime/soda ash softening with
magnesium addition for silica
control in the contact clarifiers
were followed by mixed media
gravity filters. The design and
operation of the system were
described as well as operational
problems and modifications.
Design and Operation of a J. D. DARJI, Infilco Degremont Inc., Richmond, Virginia
Cooling Tower Sidestream
Treatment System
Corrosion Product JOHN W. MOFFETT, Kentucky Utilities Company, Ghent, Kentucky, JAMES E. Considerable interest being shown
Sampling and Mass ZOSKI, Betz Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, Pennsylvani in the control of feed water system
Balance in a High corrosion products that are carried
Pressure Boiler into the boiler and in the ability to
measure them. The principal
corrosion products of interest in
high pressure boilers are iron and
copper, which can be determined
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Page 2320 of 5199 01/27/2018

copper, which can be determined
analytically at only a few parts per
billion, ppb. However, the value of
an analysis is a direct function of
the quality of the sample analyzed.
The ultimate aim of this study is to
determine how to run accurate,
precise corrosion product mass
balances on operating high
pressure boilers. A good mass
interpreting the efficiency of boiler,
feedwater chemical treatment and
the conditions under which
corrosion product problems are
likely to occur, and aid in
scheduling boiler chemical
cleanings. Three objectives were
set for this phase of the study: to
separate the "line effect” into
sample line length and age of the
sample line effects, to determine
the importance of dissolved and
particulate corrosion products, and
determine mass balances for
accumulation during normal
operation and during startup
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IWC-79~50 Report
Page 2323 of 5199 01/27/2018

conditions.
Cationic Starches as ANNE HARRINGTON, PHILIP R. ENGELHARDT, Dearborn Chemical Co., Cationic starches have been used
Industrial Flocculants (U.S.), Lake Zurich, Illinois as flocculating agents for
suspended organic and inorganic
matter in waste water carrying a
negative charge. In this capacity
they are effective on the basis of
molecular weight of the starch and
the degree of substitution of the
quaternary on the starch
backbone. In the synthesis of
cationic starch flocculants, the
major factors of concern were that
the product have a high enough
degree of substitution of
quaternary ammonium compound
to impart satisfactory flocculating
ability, and that the total solids
content be controlled. The three
cationic starches were compared
as flocculants using a bentonite
suspension, raw sewage, trickling
filter effluent, digestor supernatant
and mixed liquor as screening
media, and measuring relative
effectiveness and Zeta potential
vs. dosage.
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IWC-80-01 Paper
Page 2326 of 5199 01/27/2018

Three Years Operating C. J. HALBFOSTER, CHESTER S. PARKS, Ecodyne/Graver Water Division, This paper reviewed the use of
Experience with Precoats Union, New Jersey precoat filter demineralizers and
Conta1ning Fiber and how the need for process
Powdered Ion Exchange improvements in some radioactive
Resins waste handling systems led to the
development of a fiber containing
precoat formulation. Operating
data from various applications
demonstrated how this material
has been used to improve the
performance of precoat filter
demineralizers in radioactive waste
treatment, condensate polishing,
fuel pool purification, reactor water
cleanup, hot functional testing of
nuclear plants and general system
cleanup following acid cleaning of
fossil units. The higher suspended
solids capacity, excellent water
quality and the simplified
precoating procedure have all
contributed to the replacement of
powdered ion exchange resin
precoats by the fiber containing
precoats, the material of first
choice. In these applications the
high loading characteristics and
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IWC-80-02 Paper
Page 2329 of 5199 01/27/2018

tendency of the material not to
crack combine to produce a high
quality effluent superior to
powdered resin. Application at
temperatures of 190 to 230
degrees F have been satisfactorily
handled with no adverse effect on
the fiber resin precoat material
Three Years Operating JOSEPH R. SIPP, Public Service Company of New Hampshlre, Seabrook, New
Experience with Precoats Hampshire
Conta1ning Fiber and
Powdered Ion Exchange
Resins
Plant Operating RALPH H. EHERTS, Baltimore Gas & Electric, Lusby, Maryland Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant
Experience with the First has two PWR units. Condensate
Tri-Bed Condensate polishing systems on both units
Polishing Installation in the consisted of powdered ion
U.S.A. exchange precoat filters followed
by deep bed condensate polishing
filters. Past plant operational policy
regarding the deep bed
condensate polishing system was
to utilize its capabilities exclusively
during unit startups and/ or
conditions of seawater ingress into
the condensate. Significant
increases in the size and
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IWC-80-04 Report
Page 2332 of 5199 01/27/2018

frequency of condenser in-leakage
prompted action towards the use
of the condensate deep bed
polishing system during steady-
state operation at or near design
full flow rate. Operating problems
resulted in the installation of a third
inert resin in the deep beds to
improve resin separation of the
macroreticular ion exchange resins
prior to regeneration. Details were
given on the initial testing and
monitoring methods, and the
subsequent successful operation
in the tribed polishers in both units,
with occasional operation past the
ammonia break. Several problems
still needed to be resolved before
continuous operation of the tribed
polishers could be realized.
Plant Operating RICHARD HETHERINGTON, EPICOR, Inc., Linden, New Jersey
Experience with the First
Tri-Bed Condensate
Polishing Installation in the
U.S.A.
Programmable Logic LINDA BROWN, Exxon, Baytown, Texas, JACK SAMKOFF, Ecodyne/Graver This paper described the
Controllers - Experience Water Division, Union, New Jersey instrumentation and controls on a
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IWC-80-38 Report
IWC-80-06 Paper
Page 2335 of 5199 01/27/2018

with a Large Makeup makeup water system at an olefins
Demineralizer Including plant with high pressure boilers.
Pretreatment The control panel and sequencing
and logic control with pneumatic,
transmission and control provide
semi-automatic or automatic
control for the pretreatment and
demineralizers was described.
Programmable logic controllers.
PLC’s, were chosen for overall
control and computing functions,
including discordance monitoring
and control of system
malfunctions.
PROGRESS REPORT: A GEORGE J. CRITS, D. R. ZIMMERMAN, J. P. PRATT, Cochrane Environmental This report described a method of
Significant Reduction of Systems, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania improving the brine regenerant
Pollution from Ion efficiency in water softeners by
Exchange Softeners by using a high salt dosage and
Use of a Novel Single reclaiming about 50% of the spent
Tank Reclaiming and brine from the second half of the
Regeneration System regeneration cycle back to salt
saturator tank. Results of
performance estimates and pilot
and plant experience were given.
Economic Considerations R. J. CHURCHILL, Petrolite Corporation, Tretolite Division, St. Louis, Missouri This paper reviewed oily
in Oily Wastewater wastewater treatment which offers
Treatment some unique opportunities
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IWC-80-07 Paper
Page 2338 of 5199 01/27/2018

because the substance which must
be removed for regulatory
compliance has an intrinsic value
which can be recovered to offset
the costs associated with
wastewater treatment. The paper
discussed the characterization of
the oil, oily wastewater and
recovered oil treatment processes
and system performance with two
case studies. The economics of a
"typical" wastewater treatment
system were given. Oil recovery
was valid but the technical and
economic considerations must be
evaluated on an individual situation
basis.
Economic Considerations E. STUART SAVAGE, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
in Oily Wastewater
Treatment
Testing of a High Gradient D. N. RODGERS, W. J. MARBLE, H.H. ELLIOTT, General Electric Company, An overall water chemistry study at
Magnetic Filter at the San Jose, California, R. M. NICHOLS, G. WARRINER, Sala Magnetics, the Brunswick-2 Steam Electric
Brunswick Steam Electric Cambridge, Massachusetts. [M. McDOWELL, Carolina Power & Light, Plant showed that as much as
Plant Raleigh, North Carolina] 90% of the iron injected into the
reactor by the feedwater was being
contributed by the forward pumped
drains from the high pressure
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IWC-80-08 Paper
Page 2341 of 5199 01/27/2018

drains from the high pressure
feedwater heaters. Minimizing the
iron input to the Boiling Water
Reactor, BWR maximizes fuel
performance and minimizes
radiation levels. Methods available
for high temperature purification of
the heater drains were considered,
including the etched disc filter,
hydrocyclones, and high gradient
magnetic filters. A review of the
available experience resulted in
selection of a nominal 200 gpm
capacity high gradient magnetic
filter ,HGMF, with an expanded
mesh matrix for testing at
Brunswick-2. The design,
installation, test program and
operating results were described
and indicated that the HGMF was
effective in removing particulate
iron from the BWR heart drains.
Testing of a High Gradient R. JON STOUKY, Quadrex Corporation, Campbell, California
Magnetic Filter at the
Brunswick Steam Electric
Plant
An In-Depth Field H. A. CHAGNARD, T. J. TVEDT, Dow Chemical Company, Plaquemine, Comparisons were made on the
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Page 2344 of 5199 01/27/2018

Evaluation of Iron Louisiana, B. L. SHEARER, Betz Laboratories, Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana basis of iron transport in boilers
Transport in 1400 psi between a phosphate treatment,
Boilers with Various Water an EDTA-phosphate treatment, an
Treatments EDTA-polymer-phosphate
treatment, and a polymer
phosphate treatment. The EDTA-
polymer-phosphate treatment
performed at the highest level of
efficiency. The method used to
monitor the effectiveness of these
treatments was primarily an iron
balance across the boiler. After
data had been gathered, boiler
tube samples were compared to
those obtained prior to treatment.
Both visual and quantitative
comparisons confirmed that the
iron balance data had shown good
correlation to the boiler tube
sample conditions. Steps were
taken to make the study as
technically sound as possible.
Therefore, the data from this study
can be used with confidence as a
guide for assessing the value of an
EDTA based treatment in similar
boiler systems. However, only
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IWC-80-09 Paper
Page 2347 of 5199 01/27/2018

clean heat transfer surfaces give
positive proof of boiler treatment
programs.
An In-Depth Field DAVID E. SIMON II, Cyrus Wm. Rice Division, NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh,
Evaluation of Iron Pennsylvania
Transport in 1400 psi
Boilers with Various Water
Treatments
Saving Energy by Catalytic FREDERICH. B. MARTINOLA, P. THOMAS, Bayer A.G., Leverkusen, West This paper reviews physical and
Reduction of Oxygen in Germany chemical methods of removing
Feedwater elementary oxygen from process,
heating and boiler feedwater to
control corrosion. The reduction
reaction between oxygen and
dissolved hydrogen can be
accelerated catalytically at low
temperatures by a number of
finally dispersed metals. A suitable
catalyst is an anion resin loaded
with finely divided palladium. The
results of pilot plant tests and an
industrial unit are described and
cost information presented and
compared with degassing in a
vacuum degasser and hydrazine
treatment.
Saving Energy by Catalytic RANDHIR C. CHOPRA, Chemical Separations Corporation, Oak Ridge,
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IWC-80-10 Paper
Page 2350 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reduction of Oxygen in Tennessee
Feedwater
The Investigation of J. A. KELLY, P. T. COLOMBO, G.W.FLASCH, Power Generation Chemicals Scaling and corrosion are the
Scaling and Corrosion Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, Illinois major problems facing waterside
Mechanisms using operations in steam boilers. The
Process Simulation need to study and measure these
problems, prompted the
development of specialized
research equipment,, unique
research boiler with the capability
to simulate most problems found in
industry. This boiler contains all of
the essential operating units found
in full-sized utility and industrial
boilers. Descriptions and operating
parameters have been given for
the steam drum, downcomer,
risers, preheaters, superheaters,
condenser, deaerator, and heating
system. Three experiments that
illustrate the close approximation
to depositing and corrosion
problems experienced in the field
were presented. Monitoring
capabilities included in the boiler
show the value of this unit in
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IWC-80-11 Paper
Page 2353 of 5199 01/27/2018

show the value of this unit in
evaluating potential solutions to
these problems.
The Investigation of THOMAS M. LARONGE, Thomas L. Laronge, Inc., Vancouver, Washington
Scaling and Corrosion
Mechanisms using
Process Simulation
150 Million Megawatt LEONARD J. BOBICK, Consumers Power Company, Essexville, Michigan
Hours of Condensate
Polishing
Reverse Osmosis System ROBERT M. QUINN, The Permutit Company, Paramus, New Jersey This paper discussed the
Desalts City Sewage application of reverse osmosis in a
Effluent to Provide Water Saudi Arabia refinery where the
for Oil Refinery source of water was the effluent of
a secondary sewage plant. The
highest grade of water required
was boiler feed. Pretreatment for
the reverse osmosis was
dechlorination, lime treatment,
cooling tower, dual media filtration
and carbon adsorption. The
primary and secondary stage
reverse osmosis system used
composite film modules in multiple
stages and trains. Final polishing
for boiler feed used a
decarbonator and a two bed
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IWC-80-11D Paper
IWC-80-12 Prepared Discussion
Page 2356 of 5199 01/27/2018

decarbonator and a two bed
demineralizer.
Reverse Osmosis System JOHN W. SIEGMUND, Sheppard T. Powell Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
Desalts City Sewage
Effluent to Provide Water
for Oil Refinery
Electrodialysis in Industrial WILLIAM H. HIGHFIELD, Consultant, Ionics Inc., Phoenix, Arizona A new process water system
Water Treatment installed at an electronics plant
been reliable. The electrodialysis
system experienced some early
difficulties, but it was rarely out of
service for more than a few hours.
The decreased requirement for
regeneration of the conventional
deionizers has reduced resin wear
and loss and has significantly
reduced maintenance problems
and the associated downtime. As
expected, the new plant produces
a continually acceptable grade of
process water at far less cost than
the old one. The electrodialysis
system, which removed 90% or
more of the dissolved solids fed to
the deionizers is primarily
responsible for the reduction in salt
removal costs to 15% of the former
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IWC-80-13 Paper
IWC-80-14 Paper
Page 2359 of 5199 01/27/2018

costs.
Electrodialysis in Industrial DENNIS E. GAUCHER, Ionics, Incorporated, Watertown, Massachusetts

Water Treatment
The Role of Ultrafiltration MICHAEL KASZYSKI, Western Electric Company, Allentown, Pennsylvania, The primary purpose of this paper
in the Production of Ultra- STEVEN R. GAGNON, GARY D. JONES, Illinois Water Treatment Company, is to describe the operation and
High Purity Water Rockford, Illinois performance of an ultrafiltration,
UF, system which is being used for
water treatment in the production
of ultrapure electronics grade
water. The requirements for
ultrapure water for an electronics
plant were reviewed. The basis for
hollow fiber membrane UF
treatment to remove particulates
was described. The UF modules
were installed following a
conventional deionizer using city
water, and prior to final polishing
sub-micron filters. the have proved
to be an economical means of
reducing particulate loading.
The Role of Ultrafiltration FREDERICK H. FLOR Jr., Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
in the Production of Ultra-
High Purity Water
Some Experiences on the FRANK X. McGARVEY, MICHAEL C. GOTTLIEB, S. M. ZIARKOWSKI, Ionac The production of ultrapure water
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Page 2362 of 5199 01/27/2018

Production of High Purity Chemical Company, Birmingham, New Jersey by a combination of' reverse
Water with Combined osmosis and ion exchange
Reverse Osmosis and Ion polishing is becoming widely used
Exchange Polishing in industry. Problems related to the
leakage of organic substances
through the reverse osmosis
membrane have been experienced
in installation where cation
exchange-anion exchange and
mixed bed are used in series. The
nature of organic substances
leaking through the reverse
osmosis units is discussed and
their interaction with the ion
exchange beds considered.
Certain organic substances,
particularly esters, aldehydes and
aldoses can be expected to
undergo catalytic reactions with
strongly acidic and strongly basic
anion exchangers. Small
concentrations of the reaction
products can work their way
through the resin train and cause
reduction in effluent quality. This
paper summarizes laboratory and
field information from case studies
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IWC-80-15 Paper
Page 2365 of 5199 01/27/2018

on these problems and shows the
need for a careful evaluation of the
reverse osmosis effluent. Resin
selection to minimize catalytic
attack on the organic matter
represents an interesting approach
and some field information is given
on this option.
Some Experiences on the CLIFFORD F. FRITH, Vaponics, Inc., Plymouth, Massachusetts
Production of High Purity
Water with Combined
Reverse Osmosis and Ion
Exchange Polishing
Deposition of Salts from W. E. ALLMON, N. J. MRAVICH, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance, The Electric Power Research
Steam Ohio, R. J. SAIA, General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York, THOMAS Institute, EPRI, contracted (Project
O. PASSELL, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California RP 1068-1) to conduct studies to
determine the solubility of
compounds in steam, particularly
at low pressures. This program
consists of four main tasks. Task I
was the publication of a survey of
water chemistry practices and
turbine history at fossil power
generating plants. Task 2 was a
preliminary task to assure the best
choice of analytical chemistry
procedures. Task 3 was the
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IWC-80-16 Paper
Page 2368 of 5199 01/27/2018

measurement of the equilibrium
solubility of compounds in low-
pressure superheated steam. Task
4 was the design of a kinetic
experiment to determine the delay
in nucleation within the turbine.
This paper describes the results of
the work completed to date on
sodium hydroxide solubility at the
Wilson line in a typical nuclear low-
pressure turbine.
Deposition of Salts from W. E. ALLMON, N. J. MRAVICH, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance,
Steam Ohio, R. J. SAIA, General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York, THOMAS
0. PASSELL, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
Deposition of Salts from OTAKAR JONAS, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Philadelphia,

Steam Pennsylvania
Characterization of JAMES K. RICE, Consultant, Olney, Maryland During the inspection of the No. 1
Impurities in the Feed low pressure turbine of Arkansas
Water, Steam and Nuclear One (ANO-I), Arkansas
Condensate Cycle of a Power and Light, January 1977,
Once-Through Steam cracks were found in the rim and
Generation Plant christmas tree area of the disk
holding the L-5 row of blades,
governor end. There was evidence
that these cracks were related to
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Page 2371 of 5199 01/27/2018

deposits formed from impurities in
the low pressure steam. At the
request of AP&L the Electric
Power Research Institute (EPRI)
undertook RP1124, "Secondary
Water Chemistry Program for
ANO- 1 ,"a program designed to
identify and to quantitatively
determine the impurities in the low
pressure steam supplied to the
ANO-1 turbines as well as
impurities in steam and water at
various other points in the ANO-1
power cycle. A co-objective was to
compare the results obtained by
several different methods of
measurement of impurities. The
result of steam sample chemical
analyses were evaluated and
showed discrepancies between
methods and laboratories.
Characterization of DAVID P. BOUR, NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Impurities in the Feed
Water, Steam and
Condensate Cycle of a
Once-Through Steam
Generation Plant
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IWC-80-17 Paper
Page 2374 of 5199 01/27/2018

Condensate Feed Water, J. BROWN, R. E. MASSEY, Ontario Hydro Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Ontario Hydro has instituted a
Steam Sampling and program to minimize the ingress of
Analysis in Ontario Hydro feedwater line corrosion products
Thermal Generating to the steam generator thus
Stations reducing sludge and scale build up
and to determine what conditions
of off specification steam generator
water may lead to serious
corrosion damage. Both objectives
require reliable techniques to
measure corrosion product and
cooling water contaminant
concentrations in feedwater during
all phases of unit operation. This
paper describes early work to
determine feedwater line corrosion
products during all phases of unit
operation by an intermittent
sampling technique by Millipore
filter and ion exchange resin
samples. Such a procedure has
limitations and work is now being
carried out to adapt a continuous
sampling and colorimetric analysis
system for measurement of total
iron and copper in feedwater.
Some data on the concentration of
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IWC-80-18 Paper
Page 2377 of 5199 01/27/2018

chloride and other anions in
condensate have also been
obtained using ion
chromatography, I.C.
Condensate Feed Water, F. J. POCOCK, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Research and Development
Steam Sampling and Division, Alliance Research Center, Alliance, Ohio
Analysis in Ontario Hydro
Thermal Generating
Stations
Steam/Condensate W. M. HICKAM, J. C. BELLOWS, S. H. PETERSON, D. F. PENSENSTADLER, The results of a steam/condensate
Chemical Maintenance Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, E. K. EVANS, C. Total Plant Survey conducted at
and Control in Power Plant GREEN, E. G. MALLARI, City of Austin, Austin, Texas the Decker Creek Plant were
Operations presented at the 1979 International
Water Conference (IWC-79-26).
The survey showed that an
acceptable turbine environment
was achieved. This paper
describes plant operational
procedures and practices which
contributed to achieving and
maintaining the observed turbine
environment.. Specifically, it
emphasizes several aspects of
plant operations and control which
contribute to maintaining a
relatively corrodant free
steam/condensate environment - a
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IWC-80-19 Paper
Page 2380 of 5199 01/27/2018

condition confirmed through
extensive steam/condensate
analyses and has resulted in a ten-
year turbine operational history
free of corrosion-induced pitting
and cracks. Since the primary
means by which corrodants enter
the steam condensate, in general,
are through the makeup
demineralizer/polisher system and
by condenser cooling water
inleakage detection Practices
employed to better protect the
plant components against
oxidation during shutdown, outage,
and startup are also described.
Steam/Condensate R. W. LANE, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, Illinois
Chemical Maintenance
and Control in Power Plant
Operations
Toward a Better RODERICK A. CAMPBELL, PhilIp A. Hunt Chemical Company, Lincoln, Rhode There has been a great emphasis
Understanding of Island on functional testing of all products
Commercial in our industry and justifiably so.
Organophosphonates However, the net result over the
years has been to downplay the
role of chemical analysis in
evaluation of products. In the case
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IWC-80-20 Paper
Page 2383 of 5199 01/27/2018

of phosphonates, it is possible to
totally identify and quantify the
molecules present in commercial
products. A better understanding
of the product on an analytical
level will necessarily also help in
applying the product under actual
use conditions correctly and
formulating it properly. In addition,
insight into the chemical structure
and stability of the phosphonates
may be gained by seeing the types
of chemical reactions that the
phosphonates undergo during
analytical testing using titrimetry
and nuclear magnetic resonance,
NMR.
Toward a Better EDWARD P. RICHARDS, Mogul Corporation, Chagrin Falls, 0hio
Understanding of
Commercial
Organophosphonates
Corrosion Control in Large WILLIAM J. WARD, [D. A. JENSON], Olin Water Services, Overland Park, Previous researchers have
Cooling Systems with Kansas reported successful applications of
Molybdates molybdate as a cooling water
corrosion inhibitor in several
smaller cooling systems but there
was a lack of "big plant"
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IWC-80-21 Report
Page 2386 of 5199 01/27/2018

performance data, gathered under
more difficult operating conditions.
A 27-month program was designed
to evaluate the ability of a
molybdenum and zinc based
program to control corrosion in an
aggressive cooling water in a new
chlor-alkali plant located in an
environmentally sensitive area with
gradually increasing discharge
permit restrictions. This paper
describes the initial program using
phosphonates which was replaced
by a molybdenum and zinc based
program which was implemented
in nine phases. Details of the
corrosion monitoring and chemistry
control are described.
Corrosion Control in Large A. S. KRISHER, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri
Cooling Systems with
Molybdates
The Effect of Polymeric GERALD D. HANSEN, VICTORIA D. POWELL, ARCO Performance Chemicals, The use of polymeric dispersants
Dispersants on Corrosion Glenolden, Pennsylvania to assist in the prevention of
Inhibition of Mild Steel deposition in industrial cooling
systems is well established. The
polymers are known to adsorb on
metal surfaces as well as mineral
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IWC-80-22 Paper
Page 2389 of 5199 01/27/2018

metal surfaces as well as mineral
surfaces. The problem being
addressed in this paper is the
extent to which polymeric
adsorbates enhance or detract
from corrosion inhibition. In dealing
with adsorption the free energy of
the surface region must be
considered in the interface of
polymers inhibitors. To determine
the effect of polymers on the
inhibition of mild steel, basic
inhibitor systems were chosen;
zinc chromate,
zinc/polyphosphate/chromate and
orthophosphate. The polymers
were: a thiogylcollic terminated
polyacrylic, a polymaleic, a
hydroxypropylacrylic/polyacrylic
copolymer, and a modification of
the thioglycollic terminated acrylic.
Evaluation of Mineral JASBIR S. GILL, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Understanding the fundamental
Scales Formation and processes, such as nucleation,
Their Inhibition crystallization, dissolution, their
kinetics and the inhibition
mechanism should form the
backbone of water treatment for
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scale and deposit control. In
recirculating systems, the
residence time and the kinetic
information on the different scale-
forming minerals in the presence
of treatment chemicals are crucial
for the success of the treatment.
Kinetic studies of scale-forming
minerals in solutions and on heat
transfer surfaces under simulated
conditions close to a real world
system using constant solution
composition and other techniques
in the presence of anti-scale
additives have produced many
interesting results. Proper
evaluation of the scale and scaling
process, and identification of
structural correlation between the
inhibitor and the scale,
demonstrate that a systematic and
scientific approach can result in
optimization of scale control
processes.
Evaluation of Mineral JOSEPH G. CARROLL, Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Ardsley, New York
Scales Formation and
Their Inhibition
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IWC-80-24 Report
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Estimation of W. T. LINDSAY., Jr., Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Concentration quotient estimates
Concentration Quotients Pennsylvania for equilibria involving ions in hot
for Ionic Equilibria in High water are obtainable by a two-step
Temperature Water: the procedure. (1) extrapolation from
Model Substance room temperature to higher
Approach temperatures of infinite dilution
data, and (2) estimation of activity
coefficient quotients for the high
temperature equilibria. Step (I) can
be accomplished if all equilibria are
represented in isocoulombic form
and reactions are formulated by
combination of ionic equilibria with
the ionization reaction for water,.
An acceptable model substance
for step (2) is sodium chloride,
with activity coefficient data up to
300°C the solubility limit. Ion
pairing and hydrolytic reactions
greatly reduce the concentrations
of higher-charge-type ions in high
temperature water, while the
absence of structure in hot water
decreases individual ionic
character for 1-1 electrolytes.
Consequently, sodium chloride
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IWC-80-25 Report
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Consequently, sodium chloride
activity coefficients are reasonable
approximations for the activity
coefficients of many other
electrolytes. Extrapolation of
activity coefficients to
temperatures above 300°C is
feasible by use of the isocoulombic
method in conjunction with minimal
additional data, namely, solubility
and the vapor pressure of
saturated solutions. Examples are
given of test cases for comparison
with measurements
Chemical Equilibria in R. C. MURRAY, Jr., JAMES W. COBBLE, San Diego State University, San The purpose of this paper is to
Aqueous Systems at High Diego, California review the chemical equilibria
Temperatures which are of significant interest to
cooling water and steam
generating systems up to 300
degrees C. and to provide
recommended values for the
equilibrium constants involved.
Much of the data up to 1972 has
been reviewed and evaluated by
Cohen. In the present review an
attempt will be made to evaluate
the more recent data: however,
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IWC-80-26 Report
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where new interpretations are
possible. the older literature will be
discussed as well. In some cases,
because of difficulties in either
extrapolating the equilibrium data
to normal standard state conditions
or in identifying all of the aqueous
species involved, it is not always
possible to define good
thermodynamic equilibrium
constants. For example: in the
study of the solubility of CaSO4 (or
CaSO4 • 2H2O) in aqueous
solutions, Marshall and his co-
workers- have obtained a
substantial amount of data over a
wide range of conditions. Although
such solubility data are very useful
in themselves, however, there is
considerable disagreement on the
interpretation of the data in terms
of true equilibrium constants
because of difficulties arising from
ionic strength effects at higher
temperatures.
Estimates of CECIL M. CRISS, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida Greatly increased energy costs in
Thermodynamic the past decade have stimulated
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Properties of Aqueous efforts to improve the
Electrolyte Solutions at thermodynamic efficiency of steam
High Temperatures generating plants but data
describing the complex chemical
equilibria at the high temperatures
existing in these systems
frequently are not available and it
is desirable to have reliable
methods for estimating high
temperature thermodynamic
properties of aqueous solutions.
The "correspondence principle"
was proposed as a method for
estimating the thermodynamic
properties of aqueous electrolytes
at high temperature, if they were
known for the corresponding ions
at 25 degrees C. It was shown that
the method was successful in
estimating the existing
experimental data at 200 degrees
C The purpose of this paper is to
briefly review the correspondence
principle, to analyze situations in
which the technique is likely to
produce correct and incorrect
results, to show reasons for its
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IWC-80-27 Paper
Page 2407 of 5199 01/27/2018

general failure at the higher
temperatures, and to suggest
modifications to improve its
usefulness at high temperatures.
Operation and ROBERT HELWICK, The Chester Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Performance of a Reverse
Osmosis System to Treat
Steel- Phosphatizing
Wastewater
Ozone in High Purity G. F. CONNELL, Capital Controls Company, Inc., Colmar, Pennsylvania
Water Systems,
{incomplete paper}
Fluoride Cleaning of a EDWARD A. YORKGITIS, U.S. Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania In water-cooled steel-mill
Steel-Plant Cooling-Water equipment deposits with high iron
System content reduce water flow and may
even stop it completely. This
problem is especially acute in
blast-furnace hearth staves and
usually necessitates their
replacement during major relines.
This paper describes work
conducted at the U.S. Steel
Research Laboratory to develop a
noncorrosive chemical system for
cleaning hearth staves during
blast-furnace operation or reline.
Inhibited mixtures of ammonium
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IWC-80-28 Paper
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Inhibited mixtures of ammonium
bifluoride and hydrofluoric acid
(typically 5 percent and 1 to 1.5
percent, respectively) were found
to be excellent in removing
waterside deposits safely from
hearth staves. This cleaning
system has been used in more
than 15 blast furnaces % remove
deposits ranging in iron oxide
content from 59.6 to 93.6 percent
and with up to 8.9 percent calcium
carbonate. Tuyere-jacket coolers,
bosh-channel coolers, circle pipes,
and manifolds have also been
cleaned on furnaces during
operation and/or reline.
Fluoride Cleaning of a EDWARD A. YORKGITIS, U.S. Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Steel-Plant Cooling-Water
System
Fluoride Cleaning of a JOHN T. DILLMAN, Halliburton Services, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Steel-Plant Cooling-Water
System
Preoperational Cleaning of ARTHUR W. FYNSK, RICHARD T. HARRIS, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Waste heat recovery is a major
a Steam Generation Company, Wilmington, Delaware feature of many petrochemical
System at a New processes. In-many instances, the
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Chemical Plant heat energy released by these
processes is recovered as steam
and is then used to drive turbine
generators and compressors, or to
meet process needs. Additional
heat recovery is accomplished by
the use of heat exchangers.
Today, because of the high cost of
energy, there is greater emphasis
on efficiency and maximum beat
recovery in the design of new
petrochemical plants. This has led
to the use of higher pressures and
heat transfer rates in waste heat
steam generation equipment.
Greater use of pre-operational
cleaning has become necessary
because the equipment is now
much more sensitive to waterside
deposits. This paper describes the
development of pre-operation
cleaning procedures for the
feedwater-steam condensate
system at a new Syngas-Methanol
plant. Field experience is
discussed for several new and
unusual techniques used during
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IWC-80-29 Paper
Page 2416 of 5199 01/27/2018

the pre-operational cleaning.
Preoperational Cleaning of ARTHUR. W. FYNSK, RICHARD. T. HARRIS, E.I. du Pont de Nemours &
a Steam Generation Company, Wilmington, Delaware
System at a New
Chemical Plant
Preoperational Cleaning of CARL E. WISE, Powell Division, The Dow Chemical Company, Jacksonville,
a Steam Generation Florida
System at a New
Chemical Plant
The Chemical Cleaning of H. DEWEY JOHNSON, MICHAEL B. LAWSON, Halliburton Services, Duncan, This paper describes the results of
a Fiber Cartridge from a Oklahoma the chemical cleaning of a reverse
Reverse Osmosis osmosis hollow fiber permeator's
Permeator cartridge. All of the work was
performed with the fragile nature of
the fibers being one of the
dominant considerations. Also, the
experimental procedure was
devised in accordance with a
possible procedure which could be
used for an in-plant chemical
cleaning of a permeator or bank of
permeators.
The Chemical Cleaning of KENNETH D. SCHOOF, Central Illinois Public Service Co., Coffeen, Illinois
a Fiber Cartridge from a
Reverse Osmosis
Permeator
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IWC-80-30 Paper
IWC-80-31 Report
Page 2419 of 5199 01/27/2018

A Study of Corrosion of W. W. FRENIER, K. J. LOESCHER, Dowell Division, Dow Chemical Company, While chemical solvents are widely
Boiler Metals in Inhibited Tulsa, Oklahoma used to remove fouling deposits
Chemical Cleaning from utility boilers, the literature on
Solvents corrosion during chemical cleaning
is not extensive. This report will
describe work accomplished to
define corrosivity of several
common chemical cleaning toward
classes of boiler metals that may
be susceptible to solvent attack.
The special classes tested were
metal under tensile stress, welded
metals and low alloy metals The
solvents used were inhibited HC1
at 160°F; inhibited HCl containing
the copper complexer, thiourea, at
160°F; and inhibited ammonium
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at
325-350 degrees F.
A Study of Corrosion of W. S. LEEDY, Babcock & Wilcox, Alliance, Ohio
Boiler Metals in Inhibited
Chemical Cleaning
Solvents
Calculations of Steam R. J. BAWDEN, R. GARNSEY, Central Electricity Research Laboratories, A method, based on Newton-
Generator Chemistry Leatherbead, Surrey, England, L. J. MARTEL, Electric Power Research Institute, Raphson iteration, for calculating
Palo Alto, California the composition of multicomponent
equilibria is described. Use of the
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IWC-80-32 Report
Page 2422 of 5199 01/27/2018

method, including routines to
handle volatilization and
precipitation, has been
successfully demonstrated in
calculations of the composition of
steam generator water under
various fault conditions. The
method has been used to estimate
the pH attained by concentrating
boiler water under various fault
conditions such as condenser
leakage of river waters and faulty
operation of condensate polishing
plant. As sulphate solutions have
been shown to be very aggressive
at high temperatures5 particular
attention has been paid to systems
in which sulphate predominates,
for example Lake Michigan water
ingress and effluent from faulty
polishing plant.
Wastewater as a Plant R. C. SCHWARZ, Betz Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, Pennsylvania
Resource
Computation of Chemical P. V. BALAKRISHNAN, Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd., Chalk River, Ontario, Two computer programs have
Equilibria in Steam Canada been developed to solve chemical
Generator Water equilibria in steam generator
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Page 2425 of 5199 01/27/2018

Generator Water equilibria in steam generator
water, to calculate the
concentration of solutes in steam
generator water following an in-
leakage of condenser cooling
water, and to calculate the solute
concentrations within crevices
where the steam generator water
may further concentrate. The first
program is based on non-linear
algebraic equations which are set
up to describe the equilibria and
are solved by an iterative
technique starting with estimates
for the solutions. The second
program is based on kinetics of
reactions where chemical equilibria
are considered as resulting from
fast reactions proceeding in
opposite directions. The differential
equations describing the kinetics of
these reactions are integrated to
obtain the concentration of the
solute species at equilibrium. Both
methods give identical results.
Reactions can be added or
removed from the reaction scheme
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IWC-80-33 Report
Page 2428 of 5199 01/27/2018

Modeling the Effects of J. LEIBOVITZ, S. G. SAWOCHKA, NWT Corporation, San Jose, California Crevice solution chemistry models
Condenser Inleakage on are developed to evaluate the
PWR Chemistry relation of condenser cooling water
inleakage to PWR steam generator
corrosion. Consideration is given
to possible precipitation of 1 1
compounds including calcium
sulfate, calcium hydroxide,
magnesium hydroxide, magnetite,
silica, and 6 silicates. In the results
presented herein redissolution of
previously precipitated salts is
allowed, i.e., total equilibrium of all
species within the liquid phase
including solid precipitates is
assumed. It subsequently became
obvious that the anionic species
present at the highest
concentration in the bulk boiler
water during periods of low level
condenser inleakage was silicate
from the makeup water. This
realization led to consideration of
possible silicate precipitates of
calcium and magnesium.
Obviously, a critical factor in
applying the model results to the
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IWC-80-34 Report
Page 2434 of 5199 01/27/2018

prediction of corrosion in operating
steam generators is the
"concentration factor" in crevices
relative to the bulk water.
Preliminary calculations have been
performed to determine the
sensitivity of this factor to major
system parameters and to
estimate crevice time response
characteristics to bulk water
chemistry changes.
Power Boilers - WILLIAM L. TRACE, JERRY L WALKER,Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Combining technological and
Computerized System Pennsylvania experimental. knowledge, a
Calcuations computer program has been
developed to help in the design
and operation of old or new boiler
systems. Starting with raw water
analysis and basic parameters,
accurate determinations of energy,
treatment, and capital costs are
possible. One specific scheme can
be selected, or several alternatives
can be compared. In addition, the
program will recommend in detail
the optimal internal treatment
scheme for the pretreatment
method selected, including
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IWC-80-35 Report
Page 2437 of 5199 01/27/2018

clarification and/r cold softening,
hot process softening sodium
zeolite softening chloride
dealkalization and
demineralization. Examples are
given for low and intermediate
pressure boilers two potential
water sources, and chemical ,
capital and energy costs are
estimated and decisions on trade
of can be made.
Standardization of SALLIE FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, Pennsylvania Only recently procedures to be
Methodology for used for resins that have been in
Estimating the Organic service been evaluated. Work is in
Fouling of Ion Exchange progress on the determination of
Resins the organic fouling on and from ion
exchange materials. The
development of standard
methodology for organic fouling,
along with physical stability, has
many pitfalls. Since the first data
was presented on the evaluation of
organic fouling by total organic
carbon measurements, much
progress has been made in the
standardization of test approaches.
Interlaboratory studies on both
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IWC-80-36 Report
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column and batch tests have been
conducted. Results of these tests
are encouraging and will be
discussed herein. However, certain
problems in the preparation of the
sample for analysis, as will be
shown here, will require further
modification of the method.
Results on the batch equilibrium
test on anion resins indicate that
this is an experimentally
reproducible tool to estimate of the
relative fouling of field samples.
Further, it may a guide to predict
whether defouling will be effective.
On the cation side, extraction of
the hydrogen-form resin with water
gives the greatest promise for the
development of a method for
cation sloughage. Additional data
on organic carbon 1eachable vs.
water retention of a variety of field
samples is currently being
gathered.
Continuous Ion Exchange ALEX HIMSLEY, Himsley Engineering Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada For the past ten years the
for Metal Recovery and application of continuous ion
Water Treatment exchange to various processes
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has been studied. Typical
examples are the recovery of
metals from solutions where
concentrations of the metal can
run as high as 1000 mg/l. or more,
and municipal or industrial
applications where large volumes
of water at more modest
concentrations must be treated.
Experience in applying ion
exchange resin in fixed feds for
uranium recovery from leach
liquors indicated there is invariably
an amount of fine particles of the
ground ore present as suspended
matter in the feed. Therefore, a
concept of fluidized resin beds was
pursued so that any suspended
matter would not result in plugging
the bed. The vertical low velocity
upflow adsorption column
contained a number of baffled
fluidized bed stages, and the
downflow elution column used a
packed bed with resin upflow to
provide counterflow regeneration.
Applications in uranium recovery
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IWC-80-37 Report
IWC-80-39 Report
Page 2446 of 5199 01/27/2018

from leach water and water
softening using a downflow packed
bed adsorber were discussed.
Pilot Scale Evaluation of L. T. CIPLIJAUSKAS, B. J. FUHR, J. K. LIU, Syncrude Canada, Ltd., Edmonton, The necessity to replace several of
Strong Base Anion Resins Alberta, Canada the strong base anion, SBA, resins
after one and one-half to two years
of operation instead of the
expected three years resulted in a
pilot plant program being set up to
evaluate resins. The principal
objective of this program was to
determine whether other SBA
resins would be more suitable for
treating Athabasca River water at
the Syncrude plant. A pilot plant
has been used to evaluate four
SBA suitable for boiler feedwater
production in the water treatment
plant at Syncrude Canada Ltd.
Because of the presence of
organics in the demineralizer plant
input water an organic screen resin
is used to protect the strong base
resin from fouling.
Procedure for S. J. ELMIGER, J. M. KIBLER, E. D. YOCHHEIM, Babcock & Wilcox, Alliance, The leakage of ion- exchange
Measurement of Resin Ohio, W. D. MILLS, Toledo Edison, Toledo, Ohio resin fragments from the
Fragment Leakage: condensate demineralizer is one of
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IWC-80-41 Report
Page 2449 of 5199 01/27/2018

Preliminary Results from the forms of system contamination
the Davis Besse Nuclear which can result. The
Station decomposition products -
particularly sulfur - could result in
damage to system materials.
Resin leakage from operating
demineralizers can be determined
by collecting resin fragments on
membrane filters using an in-line
sample apparatus connected to
the effluent of the condensate
polisher. The volume of material
on the membrane is then
measured and a weight estimate
calculated (based on calibration
tests previously conducted). This
paper discusses details of the
sampling apparatus and the
analytical procedure, along with
results of preliminary plant studies
conducted on the condensate
polishers at the Davis Besse
nuclear station.
Calculations of Cooling WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power Research, Institute, Palo Alto, CaliforniaJ, The Electric Power Research
Water Systems: Computer JOHN T. ARONSON, Stearns Roger Engineering Corporation, Denver, Institute (EPRI) has undertaken a
Modeling of Recirculating Colorado, WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Radian Company, Austin, Texas, comprehensive project to evaluate
Cooling Water Chemistry the operation of closed loop
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recirculating cooling water system
at high concentration factors using
computer programs that simulate
circulating water chemistry and its
control. EPRI has undertaken a
comprehensive project to verify the
optimum treatment capabilities and
to determine applicable design
criteria for these treatment
systems in a design handbook.
The purpose of this paper is to
describe two companion computer
programs, a cooling tower process
model and a chemical equilibrium
model, which have been
developed during this EPRI
sponsored project. The cooling
tower process model simulates the
various equipment items in a
and performs mass balance
calculations for the entire system
to ensure conservation of key
species. The chemical equilibrium
model describes the major
inorganic chemical reactions within
the system and thereby predicts
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IWC-80-42 Report
Page 2455 of 5199 01/27/2018

Computerized Water DONALD A. JOHNSON, KENNETH E. FULKS, Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Computerized water models have
Modeling in the Design Brook, Illinois been developed which predict the
and Operation of Industrial scale forming tendencies of
Water Cooling Systems cooling waters. A variety of stability
indices are currently used for this
purpose, However, they are limited
in scope and fail to consider many
of the factors which influence
mineral precipitation and
dissolution. A wide variety of
computer models are used to
study mineral equilibria in
geochemical systems. These
models vary greatly in their
capabilities and mathematical
approach. The adaptation of these
models to predict scale forming
tendencies of a variety of minerals
in industrial cooling water systems
is discussed. These predictions
can be used to determine
operating limits and treatment
requirements for cooling water
systems. Examples of field
applications of these models are
discussed.
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IWC-80-43 Report
IWC-80-44 Report
Page 2458 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Use of Computer CHARLES J. SCHELL, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Two computer mathematical
Modeling in CALGUARD models are discussed with
to Mathematically Simulate application to cooling water
Cooling Water Systems systems: the rather familiar and
and Retrieve Data simple material balance
relationships, and chemical
requirements and cost
calculations. The former provides
the determination of blowdown,
evaporation, and makeup flow
rates based on inputted cooling
tower water system parameters,
such as recirculating rate and
cooling range, and cycles of
concentration. The cycles of
concentration are either inputted or
determined from the solubility
models. Examples are given on
the effect of temperature and
concentration cycles on a makeup
water to predict saturation levels
and the pH control required to
prevent deposition. In addition the
effect on corrosion of steel is
estimated
Alternative Dewatering F. JANKOWSKI, W. A. PABST, IU Conversion Systems, Horsham, Pennsylvania This paper reviewed methods of
Processes for FGD calcium sulfate sludge dewatering
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IWC-80-45 Report
IWC-80-47 Report
Page 2461 of 5199 01/27/2018

Sludges from flue gas desulfurization ,
FGD, plants. It was reported that a
single chamber vacuum filter,
SCVF, would have the following
attributes: significantly reduced
space requirements: limited cake
washing applicability: reduced
auxiliary equipment. Limited range
of sludges which are applicable.
High throughput rate for size.. In a
site-specific case, the SCVF could
be a choice for evaluation where
building space may be severe1y
restricted or where it can achieve
extremely high rates of filtration. In
other cases the solid bowl
centrifuge would be the choice.
The Use of Sulfonated PETER E. GREENLIMB, D. ANTHONY CARTER, Dearborn Chemical Company, This paper presents additional
Styrene Copolymers as Lake Zurich, Illinois laboratory and field data which
Boiler Water Sludge further documents the utility of
Conditioning Agents synthetic sulfonatd styrene
copolymers, SSCP's, as boiler
water sludge conditioning agents
at intermediate operating
pressures (
A New Oxygen Scavenger D. M. BLOOM , L. R. GESS, Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, Illinois Dissolved Oxygen is a major
for Boiler Applications cause of boiler system corrosion.
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IWC-80-49 Report
Page 2464 of 5199 01/27/2018

Conventional means of oxygen
removal consist of mechanical
deaeration followed by chemical
scavengers. Hydrazine and
sodium sulfite are the most
commonly used scavengers, but
each has several use limitations.
Recent developments have
produced a safe alternative to
hydrazine. This compound' is a
covalently bound adduct which
generates hydrazine within the
boiler system. Therefore under
normal handling conditions,
potential exposure to hydrazine
vapor from the new scavenger is
below limitations proposed by
NIOSH.
The Behavior of Sodium, WILLIAM T. LINDSAY, Lindsay and Associates, Hopkinton, Massachusetts
Chloride, and Sulfate in
PWR Secondary Cycles
The Use of an Automated, J. S. CARDARELLI, G. J. KRALIK, A. T. KASHUBA,, Betz Laboratories, Inc., The analysis of water and waste
Multi-Element Metals Trevose, Pennsylvania streams for metals content can be
Analysis Technique to done by classical wet chemical
Monitor Discharges and atomic absorption analyses as
typically single element per
determination techniques. When
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Page 2467 of 5199 01/27/2018

determination techniques. When
attempting to analyze for the
presence of many elements in a
sample, such as those from a
boiler system, this results in a very
costly analysis. For such
applications the Inductively
Coupled Plasma Spectrometers
(ICP) provide simultaneous
analytical capabilities for 22
elements in as little as 10 ml of a
single sample. The ICP presents
standardization problems because
the 22 elements of interest result in
chemical incompatibilities in
aqueous solutions. At the same
time, for maximum simplicity it is
desirable to have a minimum
number of standardization
solutions. The 22 elements were
divided into two groups of ten plus
a group of two. The common
sample matrices were considered
to determine the highest
concentrations of each element
expected. The paper lists
detection limits, interferences,
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Page 2469 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-80-50 Report
IWC-80-51 Report
Page 2470 of 5199 01/27/2018

precision and accuracy. Sample
preparation in boiler water and
cooling water is discussed and
typical analyses results tabulated.
Optimization of Sulphuric P. VULLIEZ-SERMET, E. ZAGANIARIS, Rohm & Haas European Laboratories, The study which is the object of
Acid Conditions of Use in Valbonne, France this presentation is part an overall
Countercurrent program undertaken with the
Regenerated CatIon objective of optimizing deionization
Exchange Units schemes, and extending the field
of application of ion exchange
deionization to the 10 to 30 meq/l
TDS waters, where it must
compete with reverse osmosis and
electrodialysis. This work shows
that a lot of care must be taken
including the stepwise acid mrhod
when defining the concentrations
of sulfuric acid to be applied to a
countercurrent regenerated bed in
order to avoid calcium sulphate
precipitation when the elution peak
(or peaks) travels through a
calcium loaded column. All work
presented here was done with
loading in the downflow mode and
regeneration in the upflow mode,
Denitrification Block for S. R. TRESSIDER, Perolin-Bird Archer, Ltd., Cobourg, Ontario, Canada, Dr. C.T. Nitrite based corrosion inhibitors
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IWC-80-52 Paper
Page 2473 of 5199 01/27/2018

Closed Systems CORKE, Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, have been used in closed cooling
Ontario, Canada circuits for many years. One of the
main detriments to this type of
treatment was denitrification by
microbial means. Biocides
normally used in cooling systems
have had little or no success in
controlling this problem. The nitrite
was converted to a form which
represents a loss of the corrosion
inhibitor. A biocidal inhibitor has
been developed which blocks both
the oxidation and reduction of
nitrite. The biocide is a substituted
symmetrical triazine derivative.
The results of a laboratory study
and two case studies were given
The Status of Deep Bed LOUIS F. WIRTH, Jr. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan The major emphasis of this paper
Condensate Polishing - will be directed toward a review of
1980 deep bed ion exchange
condensate polishing. Beginning
in the late 1950's, the process was
first used for high flow rate filtration
of particulate matter and residual
salts removal from boiling water
reactors and once through steam
generator condensates. The
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Page 2476 of 5199 01/27/2018

process has gradually been refined
and is now applied to pressurized
water reactor steam generators,
and all modern thermal power
generating systems. Powdered
resin polisher filters were also
developed and are now used over
a wide range of operating
conditions. The technology base
may be substantially ahead of the
rate at which we are able or
perhaps willing to implement this
knowledge. In 1980, the process
has come of age and reached a
high degree of maturity. To
achieve the goals and
expectations of the investors in this
equipment which is auxiliary and
so critical to successful operation
of the modern steam generating
systems, there must be full
understanding of the need and
value of proper process selection,
good design, operation, and
superior quality ion exchange
resins which are so important to
realizing the final objectives.
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Page 2478 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-81-01 Paper
Page 2479 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Status of Deep Bed LOUIS F. WIRTH, Jr. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan
Condensate Polishing -
1980
The Status of Deep Bed MIKE MADDAGIRI, JAMES RIOS, Bechtel Power Corp., San Francisco,
Condensate Polishing - California
1980
What a User Expects from ROBERT J. FRANCO, Exxon Research & Engineering Company, Florham Park, The expectations from a cooling
a Cooling Water New Jersey water treatment program should be
Treatment Vendor integrated to include all aspects of
the program, from the proposal
through to the implementation
stages..Starting with either a new
system, or an existing one with a
corrosion or a fouling problem, the
vendor must study the parameters
of the system and the chemical
composition of the cooling water
and of any foulants. From this
information, perhaps augmented
by laboratory studies, the vendor
can submit a proposal to treat the
system. When our operating plant
is satisfied with the economics and
technical merit of the proposal and
has confidence in the vendor, the
proposal is accepted. The vendor
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IWC-81-02 Paper
Page 2482 of 5199 01/27/2018

and the plant must then implement
the program. Follow-up visits and
monitoring should be used by the
vendor to optimize the treatment,
to ensure that the system is free of
problems, and is being
economically treated. Lastly, the
vendor should endeavor to use the
most modem treatments
whenever they offer economical or
technical advantages. Any new
program should be tested before
being applied in practice so as to
insure against problems . When all
of these concepts are applied
properly, the system is capable of
fouling and corrosion control.
What a User Expects from JAMES A. BAUMBACH
a Cooling Water
Treatment Vendor
Control of Secondary TAKAHISA HATTORI, HISASHI FUJII, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Takasago,
Coolant Chemistry in Japan, S. H. PETERSON, D. F. PENSENSTADLER, W. M. HICKAM,
Japanese PWR Plants Westinghouse R & D Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Cooling Water Use in the W. K. JING, S. H. CHIANG, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Two types of cooling methods are
Energy Industry generally employed: (1) direct
cooling by contacting hot process
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Page 2485 of 5199 01/27/2018

streams with cooling water and (2)
indirect cooling through a heat
transfer surface between the hot
process stream and cooling water.
In either case, large volumes of
fresh water are needed and, often,
a significant amount of waste
water is produced. The acquisition
of fresh water and the disposal of
waste water pose problems,
because of water availability and
environmental constraints. One
way of alleviating both of these
problems is to decrease the
cooling water usage and therefore
the demand for fresh water. The
industry has been able to reduce
water intake significantly by
recycling and reusing water. This
study presents a plant-level
analysis of the cooling water
requirements in four energy
conversion industries: petroleum
refining, oil shale retorting, coal
liquefaction and coal gasification.
Also the possible areas and
approaches of curtailing the
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IWC-81-03 Paper
Page 2488 of 5199 01/27/2018

cooling water consumption are
discussed
Cooling Water Use in J. W. SIEGMUND, Sheppard T. Powell Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
Energy Industries
Operating Experience with MICHAEL O'BRIEN, TERRANCE LATERRA, Ecodyne/Graver Water Division, The operation of six large reverse
Six Large Reverse Union, New Jersey osmosis, RO, systems including
Osmosis Plants two years of experience from one
of the largest ultra-pure water
plants, and a geographical
sampling of utility boiler water
makeup plants is reviewed. In
addition to correlating extensive
data, specific areas are discussed,
including the value of silt density
index, SDI, testing, special design
considerations for polyamide
systems, and design requirements
to overcome " 0" ring leakage. As
the six cases presented indicate,
reverse osmosis has become a
reliable industrial process. The
data also indicate the importance
of adequate pretreatment prior to
the RO. system to assure
reliability. RO. has proven itself an
economical process, particularly as
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IWC-81-04 Paper
Page 2491 of 5199 01/27/2018

economical process, particularly as
a precursor to demineralization.
Operating Experience with THOMAS M. LARONGE, Thomas M. Laronge, Inc., P.O. Box 4448 Vancouver,
Six Large Reverse Washington
Osmosis Plants
Operating Experiences on IVAN VERA, CADAFE, National Electric Company of Venezuela, Carabobo, The National Electric Company of
a Reverse Osmosis Plant Venezuela Venezuela, CADAFE, has
Which Converts Sea demonstrated that production of
Water into Boiler boiler feed water from sea water
Feedwater by a reverse osmosis process is
feasible. However, proper attention
into pretreatment design and
operation is important, to maximize
membrane performance and life.
Also, special attention should be
given to the process design,
construction materials, and
instrumentation to ensure a
reliable system. Finally, although
the process is expensive, the cost
could be reduced further by
optimization of chemical dosage,
good maintenance and energy
recovery.
Operating Experiences on ROBERT M. QUINN, RQ Associates, P.0. Box 1205 Teaneck, N. J. 07666
a Reverse Osmosis Plant
Which Converts Sea
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IWC-81-05 Report
IWC-81-06 Paper
Page 2494 of 5199 01/27/2018

Which Converts Sea
Water into Boiler
Feedwater
Deposit Formation in a F. H. SEELS, D. L. GIBBON, G. C. SIMON, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Waterside deposits are caused by
600 psi Boiler Using Pennsylvania, interactions of water chemistry with
Chelate Based Water heat transfer and coolant flow
Treatment phenomena. This paper
investigates waterwall deposits
formed during 24 months of
industrial boiler service. Electron
and light microscopy observations
reveal many precipitate forms, and
inter-deposit flow channels. Boiler
conditions and chelant solution
chemistry provide limitations to
deposit control with EDTA/NTA
based additives.growth. The case
study describe s characteristics of
layered calcium/magnesium
silicate deposits using SEM,
electron and x-ray diffraction, and
light microscopy techniques. Of
special interest are differences in
deposit morphology and chemistry
associated with boiling heat
transfer.
Boiler Scale Inhibitors LAWRENCE A. GAYLOR, SHERMAN J. SPRAGUE, The Mogul Corporation, During the past six years a
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IWC-81-07 Paper
Page 2497 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chagrin Falls, Ohio number of available scale
inhibitors have been tested, as well
as several new molecules, in a
research boiler which closely
simulates the control capabilities
and physical characteristics of
most industrial process and
heating boiler designs. These
experiments have verified the
scale inhibiting properties of some
carboxylated polymers and organic
phosphonates. Furthermore,
experiments were completed using
combinations of several new
chemicals which have resulted in
the development of a new highly
effective scale inhibitor treatment.
In this report, the data from this six
year testing program is presented,
including field tests and three case
studies.
Boiler Scale Inhibitors J. FRED WILKES, 143 Seventh Avenue LaGrange, Illinois
The Thermal Hydrolytic R. BRIAN GOOD, JOSEPH B. AROTS, Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, l -Hydroxyethylidene- l , l -
Stability of 1- Delaware diphosphonic acid, HEDP, has
Hydroxyethylidene-1,1- found widespread use in boiler
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IWC-81-08 Paper
Page 2500 of 5199 01/27/2018

Hydroxyethylidene-1,1- found widespread use in boiler
Diphosphonic Acid water treatment formulations.
HEDP has been applied to boilers
because of its potential to minimize
scale and condition sludge via its
threshold inhibition, sequestration,
and crystal modification properties.
A fundamental requirement of
boiler treatment compounds is
resistance to decomposition at
elevated temperature, pressure,
and pH. For the industrialized
nations of the world, the demand
for greater fuel efficiency is forcing
industrial boiler operating
temperatures and pressures higher
and higher, consequently, if HEDP
is to be used with confidence at
these severe conditions, more
stability data are needed. For
these reasons, the
thermal/hydrolytic stability of
HEDP at elevated temperatures
and pressures was investigated
under laboratory and field
conditions.
Heating Boiler Treatment: R. KENT STULTZ, LEE G. HARROW, C. K. HUANG, D. C. HUTCHENS, G. H. For fifteen years, a chromate,
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IWC-81-09 Paper
Page 2503 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chromate vs. a Non- HOEKFER, Omaha Public Power District, Omaha, Nebraska, JAMES M. morpholine and sodium hydroxide
Hazardous Treatment CHAMBERS, Drew Chemical Company, Omaha, Nebraska treatment program had been used
very effectively by Omaha Public
Power District on six low pressure
diesel oil and natural gas fired, fire
tube type heating boilers. Federal
and local environmental
regulations made it necessary to
change to a non-hazardous
treatment, because of the toxic
properties of chromate. The boilers
are inspected annually on both the
fireside and waterside at the end of
the heating season. Necessary
repairs or preventive maintenance
is then performed. The boilers are
finally drained and stored dry
during the summer months. No
unusual or excessive pitting
corrosion or other types of
corrosion occurred during the
chromate treatment program.
Heating Boiler Treatment: CHARLES R. PETERS, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Chromate vs. a Non-
Hazardous Treatment
A Case History of a E. LEE PATTON, Union Carbide Corporation, Charleston, West Virginia Union Carbide Corporation has
Chemical Waste Landfill operated a chemicals
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IWC-81-10 Paper
Page 2506 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chemical Waste Landfill operated a chemicals
manufacturing plant at Institute,
WV since the forties. The plant
produces some 200 chemicals,
which include
hydroxyethylcellulose,
polyethylene glycol, surfactants,
Insecticides, polyethylene Oxide,
cationic hydroxyethylcellulose,
polyols, hydrocarbons and others.
As a consequence of the
production of chemicals, many
solid wastes are produced, about 1
5 % of which are classified
hazardous. This paper is a
discussion of what has done to
responsibly meet the challenge of
solid and hazardous solid waste
disposal in a chemical waste
landfill.
A Case History of a JAMES H. POELLOT, D’Appolonia Consulting Engineers Inc., Pittsburgh,
Chemical Waste Landfill Pennsylvania
Disposal Properties of Dry WILLIAM C. WEBSTER, Webster & Associates, Norristown, Pennsylvania, The paper briefly describes the
Scrubber Residues JAMES R. DONNELLY, A/S Niro Atomizer, Soeborg, Denmark, JOHN C. typical dry scrubbing process, as it
BUSCHMAN, Niro Atomizer, Inc., Columbia, Maryland, is being commercially offered at
this time for flue gas
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IWC-81-11 Paper
Page 2509 of 5199 01/27/2018

this time for flue gas
desulfurization of coal-fired utility
and industrial stack gases. The
chemical and physical
characteristics of the resulting
byproducts are discussed, noting
the range of disposal
characteristics that may be
experienced in these materials.
The dry scrubbing process
typically results in a byproduct that
is easily handled, and all dry
scrubber products appear to be
suitable for landfill disposal with
proper design and operation of the
disposal system. The dry scrubber
byproducts also have relatively
high potential for utilization; a
single example of use, the
production of synthetic rock, is
presented.
Disposal Properties of Dry CHARLES L. SMITH, IU Conversion Systems, Inc., Horsham, PA 19044
Scrubber Residues
Rotary Kiln Incineration - THOMAS RINKER, Environmental Elements Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland
Critical Design Features of
a Successful Incineration
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IWC-81-12 Paper
Page 2512 of 5199 01/27/2018

Project
Rotary Kiln Incineration - RICHARD P. MOFFA, Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 43201
Critical Design Features of
Project
Development of DANIEL THRELFALL, DONALD J. MESSINGER, MARK J. DOWIAK, Penn Presented here is a case history of
Groundwater Monitoring Environmental Consultants, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania the development of a groundwater
Plans under RCRA monitoring program for an existing
disposal facility utilized by a
chemical plant in Pennsylvania.
utilize the case history to present a
general overview of the RCRA
groundwater monitoring
requirements, and the procedures
which can be followed to acquire
an adequate technical base on
which to prepare a groundwater
monitoring plan, also some of the
difficulties encountered when
developing groundwater
monitoring plans for existing
disposal facilities where prior
disposal practices may have
already affected local groundwater
quality.
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IWC-81-13 Paper
Page 2515 of 5199 01/27/2018

Development of ROBERT HELWICK, The Chester Engineers Inc. Coraopolis, PA.
Groundwater Monitoring
Plans under RCRA
Continuous and Grab THOMAS C. ROGINSKI, Betz*Converse*Murdoch, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, A two-phase steam quality
Sampling and Analysis of Pennsylvania, HARRY B. GAYLEY, Transamerica Delaval, Trenton, New Jersey monitoring project wass sponsored
High Purity Steam by the Electric Power Research
Systems Institute, EPRI, to detect those
factors which promote stress
corrosion cracking. This paper
covered details of the steam
quality chemical monitoring phase
of this project to define steam
sampling and quality in the
autoclave metallurgical tests, and
to correlate the steam quality
parameters. The plan to meet
these objectives entailed
continuous analyses of a few key
chemical constituents, sodium,
chloride, conductivity, and cation
conductivity of the autoclave
steam supply and periodic detailed
analyses of additional constituents
that were suspected contributors to
turbine cracking.
Continuous and Grab ANON
Sampling and Analysis of
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IWC-81-14 Paper
Page 2518 of 5199 01/27/2018

Sampling and Analysis of
High Purity Steam
Systems
Control of Secondary PAUL COHEN, Consultant, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Coolant Chemistry in
Japanese PWR Plants
Electromagnetic Filter JAMES BROWN, B. BZOVEY, D. J. R. DODD, J. Y. HARNOY, P. J. LEINONEN, High temperature electromagnetic
Efficiency for Typical Ontario Hydro Research Division, Toronto, Ontario, Canada filtration has been recommended
Power Plant Particulates for two major applications in
pressurized water reactor units:-.
1. To reduce activity transport on
the primary side with consequent
reduction of overall dose exposure,
2. To reduce the ingress of
feedwater line corrosion products
into steam generators thereby
minimizing the possibility of
aggressive ion concentration in
areas such as tube/tube sheet and
tube/tube support plate interfaces.
An electromagnetic filter, EMF with
a ball matrix was purchased and
tested at the Ontario Hydro
Research Pump Test Complex
under conditions simulating the
Primary Heat Transport System of
a CANDU nuclear unit. The
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IWC-81-15 Paper
Page 2521 of 5199 01/27/2018

a CANDU nuclear unit. The
experiments were designed to
determine the holding capacity of
the filter and the filtration efficiency
for iron and copper at various
values of magnetic flux and flow.
Electromagnetic Filter W. L. PEARL, S. G. SAWOCHKA, NWT Corporation, Jose, CA
Efficiency for Typical
Power Plant Particulates
Some Research Work of QIN JIN ZAO, HE HUI CHEN, Thermal Power Engineering Research Institute, This paper reviewed research work
Water Treatment in Peking, Peoples Republic of China in water treatment carried out at
Chinese Utility Plants the Thermal Power Engineering
Research Institute, China. Major
research projects in high pressure
boilers were reviewed:- 1. Stress
corrosion cracking in turbine disc
crevices after more than 10 years
operation caused by NaOH
concentration, 2. Acid corrosion of
components by organic acids
formed by decomposition of
organics in the boiler water, 3.
Removal of organic matter in the
water treatment system by
clarification and anion exchange
resin, 4. Desalination by a
compound resin with weak acid
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IWC-81-16 Paper
Page 2524 of 5199 01/27/2018

compound resin with weak acid
and base functions which was
regenerated thermally at 80
degrees C, 5. Protection of idle
boiler from corrosion by a vapor
inhibitor, cyclohexylamine
carbonate, distributed in air flow
through the boiler by a
vaporization system.
Some Research Work of PAUL COHEN, Consultant, Pittsburgh
Water Treatment in
Chinese Utility Plants
Guidelines for Lay-Up of JESSE BEECHER, Drew Chemical Corporation, Boonton, New Jersey, Those responsible for the
Boilers and Their RUSSELL W. LANE, Consultant, Champaign, Illinois operation and care of industrial,
Auxiliaries waste heat, marine and utility
boilers must be prepared to lay up
idle equipment properly when it is
removed from service for repair or
storage. American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, 1977
Edition, Section VII,
Recommended Rules for Care of
Power Boilers, Subsection C7,
Control of Internal Chemical
Conditions, C7 .300 Laying-up of
Boilers provides guidance.
Additionally, many boiler
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Page 2527 of 5199 01/27/2018

Additionally, many boiler
manufacturers, consultants and
water treatment companies
provide procedures for laying up
boilers. A review of the above
indicated the desirability of
expanding the procedures .
Therefore, a task group designated
as the Boiler Lay-up Task Group
operating under the Industrial
Subcommittee, Research
Committee on Water in Thermal
Power Systems, was formed to
prepare a report on this subject.
This paper reviews the progress of
the task group in preparing this
report. The paper addresses the
topics of chemical cleaning,
passivation, proper lay-up
methods, dry and wet, for steam
system components, and disposal
and safety concerns. A case study
was reported of an improper lay-
up.
Guidelines for Lay-Up of JESSE BEECHER, Drew Chemical Corporation, Boonton, New Jersey,
Boilers and Their RUSSELL W. LANE, Consultant, Champaign, Illinois
Auxiliaries
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IWC-81-17 Panel Discussion Transcript
Page 2530 of 5199 01/27/2018

Guidelines for Lay-Up of DAVID E. SIMON, II, Cyrus WM. Rice Division, NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh,
Boilers and Their Pennsylvania
Auxiliaries
1981 INTERNATIONAL Moderator: B. CHARLES MALLOY, Engineering Science Inc., Berwyn, This transcript of the Industrial
WATER CONFERENCE Pennsylvania, Panelists: WILLIAM WEBSTER, Webster & Associates, Solids Waste Panel included the
INDUSTRIAL SOLID Norristown, Pennsylvania, JOSEPH MAYHEW, Chemical Manufacturers panelist's prepared discussions
WASTES PANEL Association, Washington, DC, JAMES E. KERRIGAN, AMAX Environmental and the subsequent floor
DISCUSSION Services, Inc., Golden, Colorado, JACQUELINE RAMS, ASTM, WMO, discussions. A overview of the role
Washington, DC of ASTM D-34, Committee on
Disposal, which was a
subcommittee of ASTM D-19 ,
Water, was given detailing the
process of developing
specifications and methods related
to waste materials. A list of 9
specifications and 13 tasks were
presently being worked on. The
Chemical Manufacturers
Association was working with the
EPA of methods of control and risk
assessment. The D-34 Committee
was preparing a white paper on
the strategy of effective
management of industrial residues,
which depends on the production
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IWC-81-18 Paper
Page 2533 of 5199 01/27/2018

processes and potential for
recycling, and gives
recommendations to the EPA on
procedures. The implementation of
the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, RCRA, by the states
was discussed with regard to
consistency of Hazardous Waste
Regulations and site problems.
150 Million Megawatt MIKE WADLINGTON, Texas Utilities Generating Company, Dallas, Texas, JOHN Texas Utilities Generating
Hours of Condensate LONGO, Ecodyne/Graver Water Division, Union, New Jersey, PAUL GROSS, Company (TUGCO) operates three
Polishing Datum Company, Houston, Texas, lignite fired steam electric stations
with eight supercritical units that
have a combined capacity of 5300
megawatts. The combined
cumulative generation provided by
these units has passed 150 million
megawatt hours this year. This
accomplishment has been aided
by the use of 100% full flow, full
time precoat condensate polishers
on each unit. The experiences with
the filter demineralizers at each
plant are discussed. Using
equipment upgrades and various
precoat products, water quality
was maintained during periods of
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IWC-81-19 Paper
Page 2536 of 5199 01/27/2018

colloidal silica, oil contamination,
and minor condenser leakage.
State-Of-The-Art STEPHEN J. ELMIGER, M. J. BELL, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance, The objective of this program
Evaluation of Condensate Ohio, C. S. WELTY, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California sponsored by the Electric Power
Polisher Performance Research Institute, EPRI, under
Contract S- 163-l ,is to provide an
understanding of the factors that
influence condensate polisher
performance in providing the high
purity feedwater required for the
successful operation of steam
systems using AVT chemistry. The
program is divided into three work
phases: data collection by, data
evaluation, and recommendations.
A detailed plant survey has been
completed with 147 responses and
the preliminary results tabulated
and discussed in this paper.
Ccondensate polishers can be
designed and operated so that
they consistently protect the plant
during normal and upset chemistry
and produce the high-quality
feedwater required in many of
today's utility stations. On the other
hand, improperly designed or
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IWC-81-20 Paper
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operated polishers cannot be
effectively used and may
contaminate the condensate and
feedwater. The successful
operation of a condensate
polishing system requires
continuing attention by designer
and operator to the many details
that determine successful
operation of a condensate
polishing system. A final report will
be issued by EPRI.
State-Of-The-Art L. F. WIRTH, Consultant, Midland, MI 48640
Evaluation of Condensate
Polisher Performance
Operating Experience with PHILIP W. RENOUF, The Permutit Company of Australia Pty., Ltd., Sydney, This paper presented results of a
a Tripol Ammonia Cycle N.S.W, Australia, J. H. SMITH, Portals Water Treatment, Isleworth, Middlesex, demonstration pilot condensate
Condensate Polisher United Kingdom polisher consisting of three
separate beds, cation, anion
cation, which was operated at high
flow rate and externally
regenerated separately. With this
process the contamination of the
cation resin with sodium is
minimized and the polisher can be
operated past the ammonia break
with sub-ppb sodium in the effluent
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IWC-81-21 Paper
Page 2542 of 5199 01/27/2018

with sub-ppb sodium in the effluent
and still have the capacity to meet
the effluent requirements with
sodium or air inleakage. A set of
equations for the prediction of
sodium capacity under plant
operating conditions was given.
Operating Experience with R. HETHERINGTON, Epicor, Incorporated
a Tripol Ammonia Cycle
Condensate Polisher
A Different Approach to RALPH E. MICKEL, Allegheny Power Service Corporation, Greensburg, The Fort Martin Station was
Condensate Polishing Pennsylvania, GLENN R. HOLMES, PATRICK C. CANARY, Monongahela Allegheny Power System's first
Power Company, Maidsville, West Virginia experience using supercritical units
in power generation. The
condensate polishing systems as
installed consisted of full flow
powdered ion exchange filters and
a 50% flow mixed bed polishing
unit. Initially, little consideration
was given to the system sodium
level and the only chemistry limit
imposed by the turbine
manufacturer was silica and cation
conductivity. New limits included
sodium, chloride and sulfate. The
paper discussed the problems
encountered with the mixed bed
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IWC-81-22 Paper
Page 2545 of 5199 01/27/2018

encountered with the mixed bed
polishers when operated past the
ammonia break and the corrective
changes that were made. A major
change was the conversion of the
polisher from a mixed bed to a two
bed operation with external
regeneration to minimize sodium
leakage.
A Different Approach to I. M. ABRAMS, Duolite International, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
Experiences with Calcium PHILIP D. HILL, American Cyanamid Company, Bound Brook, New Jersey, The evaluation of softener
Ion Electrode Technology PAUL F. PELOSI, Drew Chemical Corporation, Boonton, New Jersey operation and the feeding of scale
in Continuous Softener inhibitors have generally been
System Monitoring based upon periodic wet chemical
hardness analyses performed by
plant personnel. However, the
great dependence placed upon
such equipment for consistently
good quality water has made the
shortcomings of this type of
monitoring program apparent. The
need for continuous detection of
low level hardness in boiler
feedwater was apparent and a
study of in-line hardness monitors
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IWC-81-23 Paper
Page 2548 of 5199 01/27/2018

study of in-line hardness monitors
was completed. An instrument
utilizing a calcium ion electrode
was since been installed and
interfaced with a plant's Central
Energy Management System,
CEMS, an on-line sensor based
computer system to monitor utility
systems throughout the plant. Over
a year and a half of experience
with continuous calcium monitoring
has indicated that this method
provided the accuracy, reliability
and low maintenance
requirements.
Experiences with Calcium ROBERT W. GRIFFIN, NUS Corporation, Park West II, Cliff Mine Road
Ion Electrode Technology Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15275
in Continuous Softener
System Monitoring
Energy Losses in Water W. G. CHARACKLIS, NICHOLAS ZELVER, MUKESH H. TURAKHIA, FRANK L. A compact fouling monitor system
Conduits: Monitoring and ROE, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana has been described which
Diagnosis continuously measures fluid
frictional resistance and heat
transfer resistance in industrial
environments in heat exchanger
tubes. Computer output can be
interfaced with the plant process
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Page 2551 of 5199 01/27/2018

control computer facility. Changes
in tube surface conditions are
indicated via change in heat
transfer and fluid frictional
resistance. Fouling deposits are
rarely homogeneous. Generally,
the fouling deposit is a
combination of biofilm, scale and
corrosion products. The degree to
which each type of deposit
contributes to fouling is dependent
on such factors as water quality
changes, plant upsets, operation
schedules, and water treatment
program. Differences in the effects
of these different deposits on
thermohydrodynamic
measurements, in conjunction with
water quality measurements, can
provide useful insight to
distinguishing between them in situ
particularly once a history of heat
exchanger performance has been
established.
Energy Losses in Water JAMES G. KNUDSEN, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Conduits: Monitoring and
Diagnosis
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IWC-81-24 Paper
Page 2554 of 5199 01/27/2018

Digichem™ 3000 RONALD A. PERREAULT, Ionics Incorporated, Watertown, Massachusetts The majority of laboratory wet
Chemical Analyzer: a New chemical analyses are batch
On-Line Chemical techniques which employ standard
Analyzer for Boiler Feed apparatus for measuring,
Water Analysis dispensing and mixing sample and
reagents. The concentration of
specific chemical species or
attainment of a reaction endpoint is
normally monitored using a
photometric or electrochemical
sensor. Thus, in principle it should
be possible to develop an on-line
automatic wet chemical analyzer
which could duplicate a wide
variety of laboratory analysis
methods utilizing a single physical
configuration. The subject of this
paper is the design and application
of such a system, a
microprocessor based wet
chemical analyzer which can be
programmed to automatically
duplicate a wide variety of titration,
colorimetric and selective ion
analysis methods. Typical
analyses discussed included free
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IWC-81-25 Paper
Page 2557 of 5199 01/27/2018

analyses discussed included free
hydroxide and alkalinity, calcium
and magnesium hardness.
Digichem™ 3000 JUDITH RAWA, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230
Chemical Analyzer: a New
On-Line Chemical
Analyzer for Boiler Feed
Water Analysis
Practical Application of ROBERT J. FERGUSON, M. J. SMAS, Apollo Technologies, Whippany, New This paper discusses the practical
Condenser System Jersey application of methods to monitor
Performance Monitoring to condenser waterside fouling and
Water Treatment Decision the effectiveness of control
Making methods. The modifications to
normal methods needed to obtain
meaningful information with
existing plant instrumentation are
discussed and related to actual
case histories. The use of a
combination of these methods to
cross-verify data is described for
minimizing error. Standard results
engineering methods are
presented as a means to quantify
the cost of fouling. A payment/cost
matrix approach is use d to
evaluate fouling control options
and to predict the minimum cost or
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IWC-81-26 Paper
Page 2560 of 5199 01/27/2018

maximum payout. The use of a
sidesteam test heated tube
exchanger to monitor fouling
factors and collect deposits on
heated tubes is discussed, and
case histories of practical
applications described.
Practical Application of E. F. KLEN, Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Hammond, Indiana
Condenser System
Performance Monitoring to
Water Treatment Decision
Making
A Rapid Method for PAUL G. BLYSTONE, PAUL E. LARSON, Hach Company, Loveland, Colorado Phosphonates are widely used in
Analysis of Phosphonate industrial waters as agents for
Compounds scale and corrosion control. These
phosphorus containing organic
compounds are hydrolytically
stable and offer applications to a
host of industrial operations,
including boilers and cooling
systems. A method for analysis of
phosphonates is essential toward
maintaining the proper levels
needed for effectiveness. Until
recently, methods for determining
these compounds have been
difficult, time consuming, and
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IWC-81-27 Paper
Page 2563 of 5199 01/27/2018

subject to many interferences. A
new method has been developed
involving a UV -catalyzed oxidation
of phosphonate, followed by
conventional colorimetric
determination of the liberated
orthophosphate as molybdenum
blue. This new method is rapid,
easy to use, and is relatively free
from interferences. The test has
been successfully employed by
producers of phosphonates and by
on-site personnel in cooling water
and boiler operations
A Rapid Method for G. D. HANSEN
Analysis of Phosphonate
Compounds
The Effect of Carbon RALPH D. BOROUGHS, JEAN E. McKEE, ROBERT D. MOSS, Tennessee Concentrations of most cooling
Dioxide Transfer on Valley Authority, Chattanooga, Tennessee water constituents can be easily
Cooling Water pH and predicted from a simple mass
Calcium Carbonate balance. Predicting pH is
Deposition considerably harder since pH is
largely dependent on the
concentration of carbon dioxide,
which is volatile and may be lost to
the air. Furthermore, it may be
generated or destroyed by various
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IWC-81-28 Paper
Page 2566 of 5199 01/27/2018

generated or destroyed by various
biological reactions and the extent
of loss or gain is the key problem
in predicting cooling water pH. It is
known that cooling towers are
effective mass transfer devices for
water vapor, but their effectiveness
for carbon dioxide transfer is not
known. To reduce this uncertainty,
TVA has carried out a series of
pilot plant tests using a variety of
makeup waters and concentration
factors using a self contained
trailer. At the same time, a
predictive equilibrium and mass
transfer mathematical model has
been developed and the calculated
values compared to the test
results.
The Effect of Carbon D. J. GOLDSTEIN, R. E. HICKS, L. LIANG, Water Purification Associates, 238
Dioxide Transfer on Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
Cooling Water pH and
Calcium Carbonate
Deposition
Evaluation of Sulfonated INGRID E. WOERNER, ROBERT A. HOLZER, National Starch & Chemical In summary, our investigation has
Polymers as Deposit Corporation, Bridgewater, New Jersey studied the performance of an
Control Additives experimental sulfonated polymer
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IWC-81-30 Report
Page 2569 of 5199 01/27/2018

as a possible scale inhibitor. From
our results, the polymer is seen to
enhance the solubility of some
commonly encountered inorganic
salts found in scales, and function
as a moderately effective
dispersant. Its most dramatic effect
is on the distortion of crystal habit,
causing the inorganic salts to form
in a new manner. This is especially
true in the case of barium sulfate
where the typical orthorhombic
crystals are changed to long fibers.
In boilers and cooling towers, our
studies would indicate it to be of
utility in preventing calcium
deposits.
Evaluation of Sulfonated DONALD R. BRENNEMAN, NUS Corporation, Park West II, Cliff Mine Road,
Polymers as Deposit Pittsburgh. PA 15275
Control Additives
Examples of Groundwater F. BARRY NEWMAN, GAI Consultants, Inc., Monroeville, Pennsylvania

Containment Strategies
New and Remedial Work
Techniques for the R. J. GARTMANN, Transamerica Delaval, Florence, New Jersey This paper presents a method of
Measurements and detecting resin leakage from
Reduction of Resin Carry- condensate polishers which has
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Page 2572 of 5199 01/27/2018

Over from Condensate been found to be simple to
Polishers perform, reliable, and able to be
carried out with existing equipment
and personnel on site using
gridded Millipore filters to collect
the particles and microscopical
size counting and weighing to
determine resin leakage .
Additionally, this paper reports on
methods found to reduce the resin
migration into the condensate
stream in powdered resin
condensate polishing systems.
The tests were performed on a
transparent test vessel at
Florence, NJ and during full scale
nuclear power plant unit tests in
the field. The test results
presented in this paper were run
on polishers which utilize a 3 5-
micron nominal stainless steel
woven mesh supported on a
perforated stainless steel backup.
The stainless steel filter tubes are
clamped at the top to a tube sheet
with each tube sealed individually
to the tube sheet with an O-ring
Page 2573 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-81-31 Report
Page 2575 of 5199 01/27/2018

Effects of Caustic Quality F. X. McGARVEY, S. M. ZIARKOWSKI, E. W. HAUSER, M. C. GOTTLIEB, Regeneration of strongly basic
on the Performance of Sybron/Chemical Division, Birmingham, New Jersey anion exchangers is influenced by
Strong Base Anion the quality of caustic available.
Exchangers Chloride concentration, chlorate
content and ferrate contamination
have been evaluated as
contaminants in caustic.
Regeneration efficiency and resin
stability have been evaluated and
methods to minimize the effects
are reviewed and economics
considered. This paper
summarizes tests made with four
types of strong base anion
exchange resins to determine the
effect of chloride content in
regenerant caustic, stability of
these resins toward chlorates and
stability of these resins toward
small amounts of the strong
oxidant ferrate. The tests consisted
of column capacity values for the
removal of strong acids from de-
cationized water. Stability toward
chlorates and ferrates was
measured by batch content,
column runs as well as repeated
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IWC-81-32 Report
Page 2581 of 5199 01/27/2018

cycle tests using caustic containing
varying amounts of these
components. Results were
evaluated by standard moisture
retention, total capacity, strong
capacity, bead strength and
particle size stability
Kinetic Performances of N. J. RAY, M. BALL, A. COATES, Central Electricity Generating Board, A kinetic test has been developed
Anion Exchange Resins Nottingham, England to allow laboratory prediction of the
performance of anion resins used
in condensate purification plant.
The procedure is to monitor the
quality of water produced by a
mixed bed containing the anion
resin under test with increasing
flow rate and increasing level of
chloride ions entering the bed. By
standardizing the experimental
conditions the technique can be
applied to classifying new anion
resins according to their kinetic
ability and to determine the degree
of deterioration of anion resin with
use .The kinetic properties of a
type of resin can differ depending
on the manufacturer. Additionally,
batch to batch variations occur.
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IWC-81-33 Report
Page 2584 of 5199 01/27/2018

The kinetic test has shown that the
performances of resins taken from
several condensate purification
plants have deteriorated and this is
attributed to the accumulation of
small quantities of organic matter.
In contrast, resin from one plant
has retained outstanding kinetic
characteristics after a number of
years service. Overall, the
technique should be of
considerable assistance in
providing data for choosing the
most suitable anion resins for use
in condensate purification plant
and for optimizing resin
replacement programs.
Inorganic Ion Exchangers JASBIR S. GILL, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The renewed interest in synthetic
and their Application in inorganic exchangers is mainly
Industry due to the following reasons.
Synthetic inorganic ion
exchangers, typical of which is
zirconium phosphate, are generally
more stable than the original
materials of alumino-silicate type.
These ion exchangers are more
resistant to heat and radiation than
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Page 2587 of 5199 01/27/2018

their organic counterparts. This
makes them ideally suited for
processing nuclear fuels and
treatment of contaminated
moderator and cooling water,
where higher temperature,
pressure, and dose of radiation is
involved. These materials are
generally easy to synthesize with
the desired selectivity. Therefore, a
number of difficult separations can
be conveniently carried out using
these exchangers. Recently these
ion exchangers have also found
new applications in water
desalination processes and in fuel
cells employing ion-exchange
membranes for transport of
hydrogen ions. In addition to the
above, studies on inorganic ion
exchangers throw light on the
sorption of ions by precipitates, the
electrophoretic behavior of
suspensions, the diffusion of ions
in crystals, isotopic exchange in
heterogeneous systems, and many
other aspects of solid state
Page 2588 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 2589 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-81-34 Report
Page 2590 of 5199 01/27/2018

Sloughage of Organic SALLIE FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, Pennsylvania One of the most difficult jobs
Material from Field- encountered in correcting poor
Decrosslinked Sulfonic anion performance in two bed
Acid Cation Exchange demineralizers is to convince the
Resins plant decision makers to sample
and rebed the cation unit when the
performance of the cation resin is
still good . The fact that the anion
resin taken from the bed following
it is black, rinses poorly, gives
short runs, and in an organic
fouling test, scores at the top of the
scale is almost always attributed to
the organic content of the influent
water. Very often the cation resin
in such systems has a high water
retention capacity, a positive sign
of resin decrosslinking using a rule
of thumb 'that any hydrogen form
cation resin with a water retention
capacity in the hydrogen form
above 60% was a certain
contributor to anion resin fouling.
Preliminary efforts to quantify the
relative organic sloughage did not
produce the decisive numerical
differences in batch tests that field-
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IWC-81-35 Report
Page 2596 of 5199 01/27/2018

fouled anion resins do The test
development program, which is
reported herein, has uncovered
information concerning sloughage
from field decrosslinked cation
resins which sheds light on why
development of simple
methodology for this problem is
more complex than it was for anion
resins.
Biocidal Efficacy with RICHARD A. CLARK, Buckman Laboratories, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee
Respect to Sessile and
Planktonic Organisms
Liftbed- and Rinsebed- FRIEDRICH B. MARTINOLA, GUENTER SIEGERS, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Some 15 to 20 years ago the
Process, a Novel West Germany development of counter current
Technique for Ion processes provided a new stimulus
Exchange for the ion exchange technology.
These processes substantially
improved the economy and, to
some extent, also simplified
application and equipment design
with countercurrent upflow
exchange units. The operating
principle of the three system
designs were summarized and the
performance presented graphically
as operating capacity vs. influent
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IWC-81-38 Paper
Page 2599 of 5199 01/27/2018

as operating capacity vs. influent
ionic composition and sodium and
silica leakage vs. cycle time. A
comparison was given of the
advantages of the three systems
vs. alternatives
Steam Turbine J. ANELLO, J. C. BELLOWS, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Philadelphia, Metallurgical specimens exposed
Environment Monitoring Pennsylvania to steam in critical turbine stages
with Metallurgical can provide a good indication of
Specimens the effects of impurities carried by
the steam on corrosion of the
turbine. Corrosion problems are
particularly severe in the moisture
transition region of the turbine
where the steam is just beginning
to condense because the first
moisture to condense may be a
very concentrated solution of the
soluble impurities present. Test
coupons in the form of u-bends
have been placed in steam
extraction ports of 32 operating
turbines where they are exposed
to steam from the moisture
transition region. The coupons
have been periodically removed
through manways and examined
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IWC-81-39 Paper
Page 2602 of 5199 01/27/2018

for corrosive deposits, pitting and
additional corrosion damage. This
periodic examination has provided
information for the assessment of
turbine condition without unit
disassembly. The pitting rates on
the coupons correlate well with
pitting rates on the turbine blades
in the same region. Examination of
coupons of different materials has
also allowed evaluation of
alternate turbine alloys for a
specific steam environment. The u-
bend test coupon experience can
be correlated with the steam purity
monitoring by chemical methods.
Steam Turbine DAVID P. BOUR, NUS Corporation
Environment Monitoring
with Metallurgical
Specimens
Corrosion Product W. L. PEARL, S. G. SAWOCHKA, P. S. WALL, NWT Corporation, San Jose, This paper gives additional results
Release from Copper California from a Copper Development
Nickel Alloys in Condenser Association, CDA, program to
Applications determine the corrosion product
release from welded Alloy 706 and
seamless Alloy 715 condenser
tubing. The laboratory test
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IWC-81-40 Paper
Page 2605 of 5199 01/27/2018

program was run 95 to 100
degrees F and 1 fps. with
ammonia for pH control. The
effects of pH and oxygen levels on
copper and nickel release, soluble
collected on cation resin and
Millipore membrane filtereable
were determined. Additional field
data was obtained at a coal fired
supercritical unit.
Corrosion Product WILLIAM R. GREENAWAY, NUS Corporation, Park West II, Cliff Mine Road,
Release from Copper Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15275
Nickel Alloys in Condenser
Applications
Transport of Ionic OTAKAR JONAS, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware The development of new analytical
Impurities in Fossil and techniques, such as liquid ion
PWR Cycles - New chromatography and ion specific
Observations electrodes is making it possible to
monitor the chemical transport
characteristics of steam power
systems at low ppb concentrations
By field monitoring of more than
forty power stations, we have
found: 1. Very high vaporous
carry-over of chlorides and sulfates
(up to 60%) and its dependence on
ammonia concentration, 2. Carry-
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Page 2608 of 5199 01/27/2018

over of sodium to be about what is
expected for sodium salts,. 3.
Acidification of steam due to the
lower sodium/anion ratio in steam
than in drum boiler water, 4. Very
low carry-over of phosphate in
units with phosphate treatment, 5.
Inherent scatter of impurity
concentrations in steam and
water,_x000D_
6 Distribution of boric acid in PWR
systems. _x000D_
The most important observation is
that the vaporous carry-over of
chlorides and sulfates is orders of
magnitude higher than calculated
for sodium salts using laboratory
data. This has an impact upon the
system, and particularly steam and
local chemistry control. Not only
concentration, but also ionic ratios
must be considered when
evaluating chemistry control and
corrosion effects.
Transport of Ionic OTAKAR JONAS, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware
Impurities in Fossil and
PWR Cycles - New
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IWC-81-41 Report
Page 2611 of 5199 01/27/2018

Observations
Transport of Ionic JAMES K. RICE, Consulting Engineer, 0lney, Md. 20832

Impurities in Fossil and
PWR Cycles - New
Observations
The Graver-Elf/Anvar ROBERT T. O'CONNELL, Graver Water Conditioning Company, Union, New The contamination of water by oils
Coalescence Process for Jersey is prevalent in many inustries.
the Treatment of Oily However, oil contamination is
Steam Condensate associated with the petroleum
refining and petro-chemical
industries and the need for
oil/water separation is greatest.
This coalescence process uses
synthetic ion exchange resin as a
coalescing media. To impart true
oleophilic properties to the resin, it
is treated with a surface active
agent which becomes strongly
affixed to the available ion
exchange sites. And is stable over
a pH range from 2 to 12 . In the
treatment of oily condensate, the
resin is packed tightly between
retaining plates in a vertical tank.
The oil laden condensate flows
upward through the packed resin
bed. The dispersed oil droplets are
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IWC-81-42 Report
Page 2614 of 5199 01/27/2018

bed. The dispersed oil droplets are
then brought into contact with the
resin bead surface, allowing
coalescence to take place. An oil
film is formed on the exposed resin
bead surface until a critical
thickness is reached. At this point
the shearing action of the bulk fluid
flow removes the oil film from the
bead as large drops which are
removed by an upper collector
plate in the vessel. The resin
beads are capable of receiving
more oil, and can be thought of as
self regenerating. The results of
tests at a refinery are given
Water Technology K. ANTHONY SELBY, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, Colorado
Experiences in Thermal
Storage Systems
Achieving High Recovery TERRY M. O'NEAIL, OTTO KIRCHNER, WILLIAM J. DAY, Resources This paper described development
Rate from Brackish Water Conservation Company, Seattle, Washington activities completed utilizing a
with Seeded Reverse patented seeded slurry concept for
Osmosis Systems reducing the pretreatment
requirements of reverse osmosis,
RO, systems without
compromising permeate recovery.
This concept would find application
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IWC-81-43 Report
Page 2617 of 5199 01/27/2018

This concept would find application
in cases where the feedwater to an
RO system must be softened in
order to achieve the desired
recovery. The un-softened
feedwater at or near saturation
wsis circulated as a slurry within
an RO module. Since this slurry is
a suspension of seed crystals, a
tubular, RO module provided an
unobstructed flow path in order to
prevent physical plugging. As
permeate passes through the
membrane the saturated calcium
sulfate in solution to exceeded its
saturation limit and precipitated
calcium sulfate and silica on
existing crystals suspended in the
feed stream. The results of pilot
tests and demonstration plant at
Roswell were discussed.
Performance of a High DOUGLAS N. RODGERS, HENRY H. ELLIOTT, General Electric Company, San The testing of a High Gradient
Temperature Magnetic Jose, California Magnetic Filter, HGMF, with a
Filter in a Boiler Water stainless steel wire mesh matrix in
Reactor Pumped Forward a Boiling Water Reactor heater
Heater Drains drain stream was reported in the
IWC Proceedings in 1980.
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IWC-81-44 Report
Page 2620 of 5199 01/27/2018

Included were a description of the
test filter, test methods, and initial
results. This presentation reports
the final test results, the
examinations of the filter matrix,
and additional discussion. Data
was given on the particulate and
metal species removal efficiency
and filter capacity at 100 and 290
degrees F. flow velocities from 180
to 450 gpm/sq.ft. The effects of
plant operations and water
chemistry were discussed.
Removal of particulates by
backwashing with no magnetic
field was partially successful due
to the formation of hematite, and
there was some corrosion of the
matrix limiting its life to six months
Evaluation of Calcium THOMAS A. BEINEKE, JOHN F. HALL, DAVID J. MORGAN, KATHY E. The goal of the joint C-E/EPRI RP-
Hydroxide Chemistry to MARUGG, D. B. SCOTT, Combustion Engineering Inc., Windsor, Connecticut 623-2 program, Neutralization of
Control Denting in Nuclear Crevice Acids, is to investigate
Recirculating Steam chemical lprocedures for removing
Generators or neutralizing acidic chlorides in
crevices so as to stifle denting in
recirculating steam generators.
Initial testing under this program
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IWC-81-45 Report
Page 2623 of 5199 01/27/2018

concentrated on isothemal soaks
.which were ineffective in halting
denting. This paper is limited,
therefore, to on-line treatment with
calcium hydroxide. Testing of on-
line addition of calcium hydroxide
was conducted in 4-tube pot
boilers and a 16-tube model steam
generator. Crevice corrosion,
formation of non-protective
magnetite, and the resultant
denting were induced by steaming
under simulated AVT conditions
faulted with seawater. The crevice
oxides occupied a volume
approximately twice the volume of
the original metal. These are the
characteristics of non-protective
magnetite. On line application of
calcium hydroxide was an effective
neutralizer for acid chloride and
stopped the denting.
The Investigation of JOHN A. KELLY, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois This paper is a continuation in a
Scaling and Corrosion series of reports investigating
Mechanisms Using scaling and corrosion mechanisms
Process Simulation - Part using process simulation.
II Technology is presented on the
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IWC-81-46 Report
Page 2626 of 5199 01/27/2018

application of new preboiler
corrosion inhibitors used to
minimize metal oxide levels
returned to the boiler. Research
information is presented on boiler
system variables which affect
internal corrosion based on
dissolved hydrogen levels in
steam. Heat flux, pressure, hydrate
alkalinity, flow velocity,
configuration and concentration
cycles and their effects are
reported using the advanced
research boiler. This boiler
contains all of the essential
operating units found in full-sized
utility and industrial boilers.This
report describes a major
modification in the preboiler
system on the advanced research
boiler. This was necessary to
provide definitive information on
preboiler corrosion technology.
Neutralizing Return Line D. G. CUISIA, J. W. RUDOLPH, C. M. HWA, E. A. TEHLE, Jr., Dearborn A new volatile return line
Corrosion Inhibitor with a Chemical (U.S.), Lake Zurich, Illinois treatment, VRLT, was developed
Volatile Oxygen in the laboratory by carefully
Scavenger blending selected neutralizing
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IWC-81-47 Report
Page 2629 of 5199 01/27/2018

amines and a new volatile oxygen
scavenger, VOS. The VRLT
product provides an ideal vapor-
liquid distribution ratio of 1. Like
the neutralizing amines, the new
oxygen scavenger is sufficiently
volatile to distill with the steam and
condense with the condensate.
Laboratory studies showed that the
new product provides a uniform pH
and amine distribution throughout
the steam condensate system. In
actual applications, the product
was successfully used for
controlling corrosion due to both
carbonic acid and oxygen.
Comparison of Test E. D. NACE, Rohm & Haas Company, Spring House, Pennsylvania Over the years, several methods
Methods for Analysis of have been developed to analyze
Strongly Basic Ion for the capacity of strongly basic
Exchange Resins anion exchange resins, but.
Results from different laboratories
are not in agreement, apparently
as a function of the test method
chosen. In order to gain a better
understanding of these analyses, it
was decided to test them and
compare the results obtained .
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Because the objective of each
method is to determine the
capacity of the resin, they are often
thought of as being equivalent. In
fact, they are not. This paper will
attempt to provide some
understanding of why these
differences will occur. In addition to
the method prescribed by the
ASTM, at least two other methods
are currently used by those in the
ion exchange industry. One
method is similar to the ASTM
procedure and will be called the
Ammonia-Nitrate Method. The
other procedure, or Total Anion
Exchange Capacity/Strong Base
Method, (TAEC/SB, as the name
suggests, measures the total and
strong base capacities of the resin.
In this case, the weak base
capacity is obtained by difference.
Both new and used samples of
styrenic Type I and Type II and
acrylic strong base resins have
been analyzed by each of the
above methods and a comparison
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Page 2634 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-82-01 Paper
Page 2635 of 5199 01/27/2018

made of the results.
Evaluation of a Reactor M. J. WOOTTEN, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Coolant Dissolved
Hydrogen Monitor for
Pressurized Water
Reactors
Two-Year Study on DAVID C. AUERSWALD, FRANCES M. CUTLER, Southern California Edison, This paper discusses Southern
Condensate Polisher Paramount, California California Edison’s successful
Performance at Southern efforts to improve condensate
California Edison polisher performance when
operating past ammonium break,
In particular, polisher effluent
chloride concentrations have been
reduced by more than 10-fold from
previous levels. The effects of
condenser in-leakage, carbon
dioxide, and ammonium hydroxide
on cation and anion leakage are
documented for ammoniated
polishers. Different regeneration
techniques are also described and
comparisons made on their impact
on reducing sodium, chloride and
sulfate concentrations out of
polishers.
Two-Year Study on IRVING M. ABRAMS, Consultant, Los Altos, California
Condensate Polisher
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IWC-82-02 Paper
Page 2638 of 5199 01/27/2018

Condensate Polisher
Performance at Southern
California Edison
New Approach of Resin JAMES Y. CHEN, Belco Pollution Control, Parsippany, New Jersey, JAMES Good separation of cation and
Separation in Condensate NICHOLS, Kansas City Power & Light Company, Lacygne, Kansas anion resin is necessary for the
Polisher Application low sodium leakage requirement in
condensate po1isher performance.
Hydraulic classification remains
the simplest method in separation.
With a few modifications after
backwashing the interface layer is
removed. This “troubled resin’ is
stored and mixed into the next
exhausted resin bed for
backwashing; and the well
separated cation and anion resins
are regenerated, mixed and stored
to refill the next service vessel.
This new proprietary process can
achieve the low sodium leakage
requirement. An additional feature
of this process is the capability to
remove cation fines and thus, to
reduce the pressure drop during
service.
New Approach of Resin LOUIS F. WIRTH, Consultant, Midland, Michigan
Separation in Condensate
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IWC-82-03 Paper
IWC-82-04 Paper
Page 2641 of 5199 01/27/2018

Polisher Application
A Case History of Zero NED P. SWANSON, Northwest Alloys, Addy, Washington, F. MARK SITTIG, This paper describes problems in
Discharge at Northwest Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, DOUGLAS A. maintaining a zero discharge
Alloys, Inc. AUSTIN, Resources Conservation Company, Seattle, Washington, system at a plant that collects
more water than it uses. It includes
water conservation methods which
have been implemented and
alternatives considered before a
brine concentrator was installed to
reuse distillate from high TDS.
water for cooling tower makeup.
A Case History of Zero JAMES D. MAVIS, CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Washington
Discharge at Northwest
Alloys, Inc.
Zero Cooling Tower PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, TEAGUE HARRIS, Puckorius & Dannenbaum, Zero liquid discharge was
Discharge Recently Evergreen, Colorado investigated and achieved by
Achieved by Side-Stream complete recycle of cooling tower
Softening at a Petroleum blowdown and reuse of various
Refinery wastewater streams such as boiler
blowdown and scrubber effluent. A
warm caustic sidestream softener
system and mixed media filters
removes silica and calcium for
maximum water reuse. Design and
operating parameters are
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IWC-82-05 Report
IWC-82-06 Paper
Page 2644 of 5199 01/27/2018

reviewed. Coordinated water
treatment program is critical for
efficient and economic operation.
Zero Cooling Tower EDGAR G. PAULSON, Consultant, Weston Connecticut
Discharge Recently
Achieved by Side-Stream
Softening at a Petroleum
Refinery
Spiral Ultrafiltration: MARK F. HAYWARD, WILLIAM T. CHOATE, Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, Spiral ultrafiltration, UF, provides
Effective and Economical Massachusetts effective, reliable, and economical
Pretreatment of Seawater colloidal and suspended solids
for Reverse Osmosis pretreatment of seawater for
Desalination reverse osmosis, RO, desalination.
UF permeate quality is excellent
allowing for stable RO flux. UF
spirals have demonstrated
lifespans of over three years. With
operating costs of below $0.40 per
1000 gallons, UF has become very
competitive with conventional RO
pretreatment.
Experiences with Reverse ALEX O. HOBBS, KENNETH FENNELL, Carolina Power and Light, Raleigh, Data collected from operating a 50
Osmosis in BWR North Carolina gpm. Reverse Osmosis test facility
Radwaste Treatment on BWR low quality radwaste
streams was presented.
Pretreatment equipment including
an inclined plate separator and
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IWC-82-07 Paper
Page 2647 of 5199 01/27/2018

etched disk backflushable filter
were also evaluated. Operating
characteristics, decontamination
factors and radiation dose
considerations were discussed.
Experiences with Reverse JOSEPH A. BATTAGLIA, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Monroeville
Osmosis in BWR Nuclear Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Radwaste Treatment
Operation and A. W. SIMON, M. E. TERRIL, B. A. BURKE, U.S. Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, This paper traces the operation
Performance of a Reverse Pennsylvania and performance of a reverse
Osmosis System to Treat osmosis wastewater treatment
Steel- Phosphatizing facility designed to treat
Wastewater phosphatizing wastewater
generated from the manufacture of
steel containers. The reverse
osmosis treatment system was
developed for a US Steel container
manufacturing plant to meet
limitations on wastewater
discharge volume,. The process
treated wastewater generated
during the deposition of a zinc
phosphate protective coating onto
the steel drum surface. Operating
experiences are described and
includes a modification of the
pretreatment section to remove
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IWC-82-08 Paper
Page 2650 of 5199 01/27/2018

pretreatment section to remove
ferrous iron and oil when the
phosphatizing process was
changed from zinc phosphate to
iron phosphate. The reverse
osmosis permeate was reused in
the manufacturing operations as
rinse and makeup water, and the
concentrate was treated and
discharged to a municipal sanitary
sewage plant.
The Use of Subtoxic PAUL J. KEMP, Midland Research, Laboratory, Inc., Lenexa, Kansas, NORMAN Clean generator plant steam
Levels of Chlorine Dioxide OKIMOTO, Hawaiian Electric Company, Pearl City, Hawaii condensers are critical to efficient
to Prevent Surface power production. Once-through
Condenser Fouling in sea water cooling presents
Once-Through Seawater biofouling problems with limited
Cooling Exchangers control options because of
environmental considerations.
Subtoxic treatment with chlorine
dioxide allows the maintenance of
continuously clean condensers
which are dramatically more
efficient than periodically cleaned
untreated condensers.
The Use of SubToxic PAUL J. KEMP, Midland Research, Laboratory, Inc., Lenexa, Kansas, NORMAN
Levels of Chlorine Dioxide OKIMOTO, Hawaiian Electric Company, Pearl City, Hawaii
to Prevent Surface
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IWC-82-09 Paper
IWC-82-10 Paper
Page 2653 of 5199 01/27/2018

Condenser Fouling in
Once-Through Seawater
Cooling Exchangers
The Use of Subtoxic EDWARD F. KLEN, Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Hammond,
Levels of Chlorine Dioxide Indiana
to Prevent Surface
Condenser Fouling in
Once-Through Seawater
Cooling Exchangers
Polymeric Chelating ALLEN E. FELTZIN, Hercules, Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware Polymeric chelating agents using
Agents as Corrosion the hydroxamic acid group, known
Inhibitors for Open to have a very high affinity for iron,
Recirculating Cooling were evaluated as cooling water
Water Systems corrosion inhibitors with acceptable
toxicological properties. These
model compounds showed
inhibition activity by
potentiodynamic polarization and
weight loss studies, leading to an
active synthesis program for
improved inhibitors.
Polymeric Chelating Dr. RODERICK A. CAMPBELL, Philip A. Hunt Chemical Corporation, Lincoln,
Agents as Corrosion Rhode Island
Inhibitors for Open
Water Systems
A Rational Approach to WILLIAM G. CHARACKLIS, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana The objective of this paper is to
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IWC-82-11 Report
Page 2656 of 5199 01/27/2018

Problems of Fouling offer a unified, systematic
Deposition framework for dealing with all
problems of fouling deposition in
any environment. The approach
presented is quite fundamental
and will entail classification and
description of contributing
processes, influence of important
process variables, and
presentation of expressions
describing the various process
rates. The final result will be a
mathematical model describing the
fouling process. The intent of the
paper is to provide a conceptual
basis for analyzing fouling
problems in a rational way. The
details of mathematical model
development are limited by text
restrictions
A Rational Approach to CHARLES J. SCHELL, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Problems of Fouling
Deposition
PWR Steam Generator WILLIAM A. THORNTON, Virginia Electric and Power Company, Richmond, Several major design changes
Replacement at Surry 2: Virginia were incorporated into the Steam
Pre- and Post-Operational Generator Replacement outage at
Chemistry Surry 2. These changes included
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IWC-82-12 Report
Page 2659 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chemistry Surry 2. These changes included
condensate polishing retrofit,
steam generator changeout,
condenser retubing, makeup water
treatment and blowdown recovery.
This paper looks at each of these
changes and examines their
impact on the resulting operational
chemistry during pre-steam
generator replacement, steam
generator replacement outage,
and post steam generator
replacement outage.
Florida Power and Light ALAN J. GOULD, Florida Power and Light Company, Miami, Florida Several major design changes
Company's Steam were incorporated into the Steam
Generator Protection Plan Generator Replacement outage at
and its Effect on Water Surry 2. These changes included
Chemistry condensate polishing retrofit,
steam generator changeout,
condenser retubing, makeup water
treatment and blowdown recovery.
This paper looks at each of these
changes and examines their
impact on the resulting operational
chemistry during pre-steam
generator replacement, steam
generator replacement outage,
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IWC-82-13 Report
IWC-82-14 Report
Page 2662 of 5199 01/27/2018

and post steam generator
replacement outage.
Arresting of Steam LYNN K. MILLER, Salem Nuclear Generating Station, Public Service Electric and Salem Unit One experienced the
Generator Tube Denting, Gas, Hancock Bridge, New Jersey onset of steam generator tube
Salem Unit One denting during the first cycle of
operation. Specific measures and
successful corrective actions were
undertaken to prevent the further
progression of steam generator
tube denting due to condenser in-
leakage and high feedwater
oxygen levels.
PWR Secondary Water JOHN A. MUNDIS, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California Guidelines for PWR secondary
Chemistry Guidelines - An water chemistry control have been
Overview prepared by a committee of
experts from the utility industry
through an effort sponsored by the
Steam Generator Owners Group.
These Guidelines are based on
extensive plant operational
experience and laboratory
research data which provide a
basis for defining good chemistry
control. They have been
developed for use by PWR owners
to provide guidance for applying
state—of—the—art technology to
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IWC-82-15 Paper
Page 2665 of 5199 01/27/2018

minimize localized corrosion in
PWR steam generators and
turbines and increase long—term
plant availability. This paper is the
text of a presentation of an
overview of those guidelines as
they apply to PWRs with
recirculating steam generators.
The guidelines should be
implemented to achieve long-term
integrity, recognizing the dangers
of off-normal chemistry, and
limiting its magnitude by good
chemistry control.
Foamed Solvents for JAMES S. POOLE, Sheppard T. Powell & Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
Cleaning Surface
Condensers
Optimizing the RICHARD F. JACCARINO, Neptune Microfloc Company, Corvallis, Oregon Optimum water quality is primarily
Coagulation Process dependent on proper coagulant
dosing in the pretreatment system.
A microprocessor based controller
selects the proper dosages
regardless of changes in feedwater
quality or other coagulation
conditions. The unit monitors
actual plant performance and
compares effluent quality with
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IWC-82-16 Paper
Page 2668 of 5199 01/27/2018

compares effluent quality with
operator selected set points.
Deviations result in the appropriate
dosage changes.
Optimizing the DONALD BRENNEMAN, NUS Corporation, Pennsylvania
Coagulation Process
An Alternative Approach to D. A. LANGE-KENNEDY, E. L. MIHELIC, U.S. Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Although methods have been
the Estimation of Calcium Pennsylvania, R. G. LUTHY, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, available for calculating the
Carbonate Scaling Pennsylvania calcium carbonate scaling
Tendency in Blast-Furnace tendency of water, experience
Recycle Water indicates that these conventional
“indices” are generally erroneously
high for recycled blast-furnace gas
processing waters. This is partially
due to the complexity of these
waters which causes the
calculated thermodynamic
solubility for calcium carbonate to
be inaccurate. The major salient
finding of this study was the
development of a rational
approach for estimation of
saturation index in order to obtain
more accurate scaling predictions.
This approach involves
equilibrating the water with
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IWC-82-17 Paper
IWC-82-18 Paper
Page 2671 of 5199 01/27/2018

equilibrating the water with
powdered calcium carbonate and
ammonia thereby accommodating
the complexity of blast-furnace
waters.
An Alternative Approach to WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas
the Estimation of Calcium
Carbonate Scaling
Tendency in Blast-Furnace
Recycle Water
Controlling Clarification RICHARD P. CARDILE, STEPHEN D. CLARK, Nalco Chemical Company, Oak The Streaming Current Detector,
Using a Streaming Current Brook, Illinois, JAMES J. ADAMS, Weyerhaeuser, Co., Everett, Washington, SCD, measures the current
Detector (SCD) produced by charged colloids in
chemically treated raw water. The
chemical feed of polymer can be
controlled by maintaining the
charge at a level that optimizes
effluent quality. Operating data
from a paper mill will be used to
show how this device can be used
to reduce chemical costs and
improve treatment efficiency.
Controlling Clarification ANTHONY S. CANZONERI, L’eau Claire Systems, Kenner, Louisiana
Using a Streaming Current
Detector (SCD)
Impact of the ANTHONY M. ARNONE, The Permutit Company, Paramus, New Jersey This paper discusses the birth and
Programmable Controller evolUtion of the Programmable
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IWC-82-19 Paper
Page 2674 of 5199 01/27/2018

Programmable Controller evolUtion of the Programmable
on the Instrumentation and Controller, PC, in the seventies
Controls for Water and compares it to the then
Treatment conventional timer-stepper relay
systems. The characteristics and
the capabilities of the PC are
related to water treatment control
and instrumentation. Interfacing
the PC to peripheral equipment to
enhance a control system is also
discussed.
Impact of the R. G. BALMER, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Florham Park, New
Programmable Controller Jersey
on the Instrumentation and
Controls for Water
Treatment
Combined LYNN A. KLEINVEHN, HARRIS E. DICKER, Aquatechnics, Inc., Naperville, Cyanides in wastewaters can be
Alkaline/Breakpoint Illinois oxidized utilizing chlorine by the
Chlorination Treatment conventional two stage “alkaline
Process chlorination” process. Ammonia
can also be oxidized with chlorine
with the conventional “breakpoint
chlorination” process. The
chemistry and process control of
the two processes are very
dissimiliar. A process has been
developed to treat these
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IWC-82-20 Paper
Page 2677 of 5199 01/27/2018

contaminants, as well as other
oxidizable contaminants, in a
single stage combined process.
The development work led to the
design, construction and
successful operation of two steel
mill facilities for treatment of blast
furnace and coke plant
wastewater.
Combined BARBARA L. CORMIER, U. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Alkaline/Breakpoint
Chlorination Treatment
Process
A Modified Test Procedure DELMAR H. PRAH, WILLIAM H. LINDENBERGER, , Nalco Chemical Company, A modified Buchner Funnel bench
for Predicting Polymer Naperville, Illinois scale test has been developed to
Performance in_x000D_ improve prediction of optimum
Belt Press Sludge chemical conditioning program and
Dewatering polymer dosage for twin belt press
sludge dewatering of municipal
digester sludge, refinery oily scum
and paper mill sludges. The
modifications consist of the use of
the appropriate belt fabric and
application of pressure. Data are
presented correlating bench scale
tests and press operation.
A Modified Test Procedure MARTIN M. SCHLESINGER, Dravo Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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IWC-82-21 Paper
IWC-82-22 Paper
Page 2680 of 5199 01/27/2018

for Predicting Polymer
Performance in_x000D_
Belt Press Sludge
Dewatering
Wastewater as a Plant TERRENCE J. McMANUS, Betz*Converse*Murdoch* Inc., Plymouth Meeting, As more stringent wastewater
Resource Pennsylvania discharge criteria are promulgated
by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, EPA, state
environmental agencies,
opportunities for use of
wastewaters and treated effluent
as potential make-up sources to
plant process need to be more
cost-effective. Case studies will be
presented to document the
technical application of wastewater
recycling/reuse.
Removal of High Levels of V. A. IADAVAIA, E. J. CONNELLEY, Havens and Emerson, Inc., Saddle Brook, This paper reviews information on
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons New Jersey high levels of chlorinated
from Contaminated hydrocarbons, CHC, contaminants
Ground Waters often found in eastern ground
waters and the health risks.
Examination and evaluation of the
various unit operations; liquid/liquid
separation coagulation,
sedimentation, stripping, filtration
and adsorption used for CHC
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IWC-82-23 Report
IWC-82-24 Report
Page 2683 of 5199 01/27/2018

removal are listed relative to the
design and efficiency of each
operation.
Removal of High Levels of IRVING B. REMSEN, Consultant, Asbury Park, New Jersey
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
from Contaminated
Ground Waters
The Release of Corrosion DEREK H. LISTER, E. McALPINE, Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd., Chalk River, The rates and mechanisms of the
from Surfaces in the Ontario, Canada, W. H. HOCKING, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Pinawa, release of corrosion products into
Primary Coolant Systems Manitoba, Canada, PWR coolants are being
of Light-Water-Cooled determined in order to reduce
Reactors occupational radiation doses.
Experiments in out-reactor and in-
reactor loops show the effects of
coolant chemistry, reactor
radiation, material composition and
material properties, while detailed
surface studies relate the
mechanisms of oxide film
formation to those of release.
Simulation of PWR M. NOE, P. BESLU, G. FREJAVILLE, Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique, St. Two out-of-pile recirculation loops
Primary Circuit in High Paul lez Durance, France and a once-through loop are
Temperature Loops to operated at Cadarache for the
Study the Generation, study of the generation and
Migration and Deposition migration of corrosion products
of Corrosion Products and clad corrosion in PWR primary
circuits. The facilities and the
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IWC-82-25 Report
Page 2686 of 5199 01/27/2018

experimental procedures used in
this investigation are described.
Test results on the effects of the
boron to lithium ratio on activities
and corrosion product deposition
are discussed
Pilot Plant Testing of BLAIR B. EMORY, UNC Nuclear Industries, Inc., Richland, Washington Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. first
Magnetic Filters for the N- recognized that the majority of the
Reactor Primary Coolling personnel radiological exposure
Circuit associated with the operation of a
pressurized water reactor, PWR,
was caused by the build up of
irradiated corrosion products (crud)
that cover all the internal surfaces
of the reactor coolant system. Crud
studies have shown the dose
associated radio nuclides are
formed by the irradiation of
corrosion and wear particles from
the primary circuit components.
These particles are deposited in
the core, are activated and
subsequently released to be
redeposited on out core surfaces
where they give rise to the
personnel radiological exposure
associated with reactor
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IWC-82-26 Report
Page 2689 of 5199 01/27/2018

maintenance. Crud at reactor
operating conditions is mostly an
insoluble particulate composed of
magnetite, (Fe and substituted
spinel ferrites of cobalt and
manganese). Since the major
radionuclides are either
ferromagnetic or are in a
ferrimagnetic spinel they are
susceptible to magnetic filtration.
To this end, a series of tests have
been performed to demonstrate
the application of the high gradient
magnetic filter, HGMF, to the
primary cooling circuit, and to
develop basic design parameters
for a full scale installation.
Pre-Operational Superheat ROBERT BAIRD, Halliburton Services, New Orleans, Louisiana ,JOHN A. The recent preoperational
and Reheat Chemical TASSIN, Central Louisiana Electric Company, Pineville, Louisiana, W. E. chemical cleaning of the
Cleaning Using a Mono- STEVENS, Halliburton Services, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, KENNETH L. superheater and reheater sections
Ammonium Citrate Solvent ATWOOD, Halliburton Services, Gaithersburg, Maryland and main and reheat steam lines
of a large utility boiler was
completed in 47 hours and
contributed to a much more rapid
start-up than normal. Initial steam
blows were only 13 and 27 through
the main and reheat lines,
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IWC-82-27 Report
Page 2692 of 5199 01/27/2018

respectively. Based on laboratory
tests on deposits and tube
sections an inhibited ammonium
citrate solution at 200 degrees F
was recirculated at 1 fps. in the
various plant components and
temporary piping after using a
steam purge and flooding
procedure to remove air pockets.
Following chemical cleaning the
system was flushed and
passivated It was estimated that
5110 pounds if iron oxide were
removed.
Colloidal Silica Removal to ROBERT GUPTILL, Corvallis, Oregon, DANIEL L. COMSTOCK, Neptune Pilot testing of a specially tailored
the ppb Range: a Reality Microfloc, Corvallis, Oregon, , SALLIE A. FISHER, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, Mixed Media filter design at the
with Mixed Media Filtration Pennsylvania Hope Creek, New Jersey, Nuclear
Power Plant Site has
demonstrated extremely low
effluent concentrations of colloidal
silica, approaching less than 2
ppb., as required for reverse
osmosis feed water. A more
rigorous evaluation of colloidal
silica removal has been made
possible by new analytical
methodology.
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IWC-82-28 Report
IWC-82-37 Paper
Page 2695 of 5199 01/27/2018

Development of a Steam THOMAS C. ROGINSKI, Betz*Converse*Murdoch* Inc., Plymouth Meeting, This paper discusses progress of a
Quality Monitoring Pennsylvania, HARRY B. GAYLEY, Transamerica Delaval, Trenton, New Jersey combined chemical and
Program for Steam metallurgical steam quality
Turbines monitoring project conducted as
part of an ongoing series of
projects funded by the Electric
Power Research Institute to
investigate factors believed to
promote stress corrosion cracking
in turbines. Continuous and grab
sample chemical analyses of
steam were made during autoclave
metallurgical studies to
demonstrate the effect of specific
steam quality on a specific metal
sample. Recommendations are
made on a plant steam purity
monitoring program.
Characterization and WILLIAM F. MASLER, B. F. Goodrich, Avon Lake, Ohio Polymers are widely used in boiler
Thermal Stability of water treatment as sludge
Polymers for Boiler conditioners, crystal growth
Treatment modifiers, and dispersants. We
have examined the structure and
thermal stability of experimental
polyacrylic, polymethacrylic, and
polymaleic acids in alkaline water
at temperatures to 300 degrees C
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IWC-82-29 Report
IWC-82-30 Paper
Page 2698 of 5199 01/27/2018

(1200 psig) by measuring changes
in calcium carbonate stabilization,
polymer structure and molecular
weight after thermal treatment.
Measurement of Traces of JOHN M. HALE, Orbisphere Laboratories, Geneva, Switzerland An analysis is made of the effects
Dissolved Oxygen in of radiation upon an
Radioactive Water electrochemical sensor of the type
commonly used for monitoring
traces of dissolved oxygen in
deaerated water. Details of design
and materials are given for a
sensor capable of withstanding an
integrated radiation dose of 1E8
rads., With a lifetime of 14 months
at an average dose rate of 1E4
R/h. An analysis is made of the
effects of radiation upon the
accuracy of an electrochemical
sensor of the type commonly used
for monitoring traces of dissolved
oxygen in deaerated water.
Co-Counter-Current GEORGE J. CRITS, W. Y. McLNTIRE, R. D. ZIMMERMAN, Cochrane The application of regenerants
Regeneration in Ion Environmental Systems, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania upflow as well as downflow in ion
Exchange Systems exchange systems offers the best
of both worlds; efficient counter-
current regeneration and full
exchange capacity of the resins
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IWC-82-31 Paper
Page 2701 of 5199 01/27/2018

without the need for inert resin
barrier for the compacting zone.
Another advantage of counter-
current regeneration is that the
upper part of the bed is regularly
backwashed to remove foreign
particulates if present. This report
will present case histories of this
system applied to boiler feedwater
makeup and process waters.
Co-Counter-Current J. D. DARJI, Infilco Degremont Inc., Richmond Virginia
Regeneration in Ion
Exchange Systems
Three Years of Field KENNETH J. KOZELSKI, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc., This paper reviews the organic
Experience with an Acrylic Camden, South Carolina fouling conditions that led to a
Gel Strong Base Anion change from stratified beds to
Exchange Resin acrylic gel anion exchange resin
beds and discusses the first three
years of anion unit performance
with the new resin. Acrylic gel
strong base resins appear to have
a definite place in the battle
against organic fouling. The case
history presented here shows that
they have a distinct advantage
over styrene gels and stratified bed
operation where a plant is willing to
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IWC-82-32 Paper
Page 2704 of 5199 01/27/2018

operation where a plant is willing to
make a small sacrifice in silica
removal efficiency to increase
anion bed life. They would
probably not be as effective in
systems with high silica makeup
waters or where there is a better
than even chance that the upper
operating temperature limit could
be exceeded.
Three Years of Field F. X. McGARVEY, Sybron Chemical Division, Birmingham, New Jersey
Experience with an Acrylic
Gel Strong Base Anion
Exchange Resin
Development of "Twin AKIMITSU MIYAHARA, YUJI HARAGUCHI, Japan Organo Company Ltd., A deionization system for high
Strata" Ion Exchange Tokyo, Japan alkalinity raw water has been
Systems Based on Field developed which can minimize the
Experience consumption of regenerants to
near stoichiometrical levels and
provides for resin backwashing. A
single vessel contains a stratified
bed of weak cation resin and a
strong acid cation resin using
downflow service and upflow
regeneration. This is followed by a
degasifier and a econd vessel wih
a stratified bed containing a
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IWC-82-33 Paper
Page 2707 of 5199 01/27/2018

macroreticular weak base and
strong basic anion resins also
regenerated counterflow. The
actual field experience of about
three years of commercial
operation at various locations in
Japan is presented.
Development of "Twin TERRANCE LATERRA, Graver Water Division of Ecodyne, Union, New Jersey
Strata" Ion Exchange
Systems Based on Field
Experience
Specifications for Buying SALLIE A. FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, Pennsylvania In the beginning most ion
Ion Exchange Resins, a exchange resins were purchased
Necessity or a Nuisance? through original equipment
manufacturers. Only the most
sophisticated user concerned
himself with the decision as to
which resin was bedded and what
its properties were. While most
original equipment is still bedded
with materials chosen by the
OEM’s or the architect-engineers,
rebedding resin is now routinely
purchased on the open market
from the lowest bidder._x000D_
A request for quotation must
include some description of the
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IWC-82-34PD1 Panel Report
Page 2710 of 5199 01/27/2018

material which is to be bought. Ion
exchange resins are no exception.
Specifications issued for materials
vary widely in their format. Some
are a simple ‘Brand X’ or ‘Brand X
or equal’. Some are multi-page
documents draped with special
test methods and values for the
long list of properties to be
measured. Others cite numbers
but give no clues as to how they
are to be determined. What we
propose to do here is to illustrate
some of the pitfalls of buying with
too little specification and with too
tight a specification. Hopefully, in
doing so we will indicate between
these approaches which
parameters are important in buying
resins.
Specifications for Buying KENNETH H. FREDERICK, GPU Nuclear Corporation, Reading, Pennsylvania
Ion Exchange Resins, a
Necessity or a Nuisance?
What Does a User Expect JAMES AXSOM, Sun Tech, Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania The user should evaluate the
from a Supplier to Improve reputation and capabilities of the
the Service Factor of the supplier. Case histories should
User’s Cooling Water include cost performance. The
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Page 2713 of 5199 01/27/2018

User’s Cooling Water include cost performance. The
System and Reduce service capability and knowledge
Bottom Line Costs of the local repreentative and
availability for on-site consultation
is important. Periodic reviews are
essential. Any changes to the
program should have technical
support and economic justification.
Existing Cooling Water THOMAS C. BRESKE, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware This prepared discussion gives a
Treatments: How list of items for evaluating cooling
Successful? water treatments. Major headings
are: Treatment Selection Process,
Evaluation: How Successful?,
Profile of a Successful Corrosion
Inhibitor.
What Questions Should be DAVID C. AUERSWALD, Southern California Edison, Paramount, California The vendor’s sales approach to
asked and what Steps users should be based on the
Should be Taken by Users scientific data and technical merits
to Insure that a Vendors of the proposed program. Many
Proposal will Result in a technical representatives lack the
Visible Program? required technical knowledge.
Companies should provide
stronger technical support and
training. A list of routine questions
and required responses are given,
and what information may be
expected from vendors in the
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Page 2716 of 5199 01/27/2018

proposal. Analytical procedures
and inhibitor performance may be
verified by testing in the user’s lab.
How New Products are GERALD W. SCHWEITZER, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The steps necessary to
Developed and Brought reformulate or develop an entirely
into the Plant new chemical product for cooling
water treatment are detailed.
Three main items are:- what
determines the need for a new
product; the procedural,
administrative and research
activities involved in product
development; and what are the
costs involved in bringing a new
product to the plant. The activities
of the Product Management
Group, R&D, Process Chemistry,
Patent and EPA Regulatory
Requirements and Toxicology lab
results are required to bring the
product into pilot production, when
it can then be pilot and field tested
by R&D and Field Representatives
in a Development Team. If these
tests are successful the product
can go into full production, and the
Product Management Group can
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Page 2719 of 5199 01/27/2018

bring it to market through a New
Product Introduction Team
providing literature and training for
the sales/service force.
Insuring the Success of DAVID R. SEXSMITH, Drew Chemical Corporation, Boonton, New Jersey It is essential to measure the
the Program performance of the cooling water
program with the participation of
the vendor’s field representative to
determine if the results are
successful. The use of corrosion
coupons and probes is discussed,
and a more recent development
and operation of a portable field
fouling test device described. The
operating conditions, monitoring
and control of the device and data
evaluation of the extent of fouling
is determined by a mini-computer.
A case study at a chemical plant
startup showed how the fouling
monitor could assist in optimizing
the cooling water treatment
program.
What Should a User of SIDNEY SUSSMAN, Olin Water Services, Stamford, Connecticut This discusser points out that the
Cooling Water Chemicals panel is really talking about water
Expect from a Chemical treatment suppliers, who as part of
Supplier in the way of their service to the user, are selling
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Page 2722 of 5199 01/27/2018

Services, etc. specially formulated chemical
products for the cooling water
treatment market, not just as
chemical suppliers. This requires
the user to be a partner with the
supplier in providing an efficient
and economical program and
maintaining two way
communications and full
information transfer. The supplier
needs information on the design,
construction, operation and
performance of the cooling water
system. Prompt notification of
deviations or problems should
enable the supplier to provide
corrective actions through personal
contacts with the plant personnel.
The supplier should expect
reasonable customer loyalty in
return for the full service benefits
provided. The user should not
switch suppliers or accept the
lowest annual bid without good
reason and before evaluation of
the quality and quantity of
technical services
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IWC-82-35 Paper
IWC-82-36 Paper
Page 2728 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Use of Dispersants for WILLIAM LECHNICK, NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, J. M. Results of laboratory tests indicate
Removal of Sludge from a McDOWELL, P. T. THOMAS, T. H. PENNY, Carolina Power and Light, New Hill, that dispersants can be used to aid
Nuclear Steam Generator North Carolina in removal of sludge from a
nuclear steam generator during
crevice flush operations with a
temporary filtration system. Both
aminophosphonates and
polyacrylates have shown promise
for this application. Effectiveness
of the dispersants in retarding the
settling rate and fluidizing sludge
increases with increasing
dispersant concentration.
The Use of Dispersants for ALLEN BAUM, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Removal of Sludge from a
Nuclear Steam Generator
Control of Secondary TAKAHISA HATTORI, HISASHI FUJII, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Takasago, A steam purity monitoring test was
Coolant Chemistry in Japan, S. H. PETERSON, D. F. PENSENSTADLER, W. M. HICKAM, performed at an 1175 MW
Japanese PWR Plants Westinghouse R & D Center_x000D_ pressurized water reactor power
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania plant, Ohi 1, in Japan. Ionic
impurity concentrations in the
secondary coolant were
exceedingly low. This paper will
describe plant operations and
equipment, including extensive
pre-startup cleanup, installation of
condensate polishers, early
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IWC-82-38 Paper
IWC-82-39 Report
Page 2731 of 5199 01/27/2018

condensate polishers, early
condenser leakage detection
system detection, maintenance of
chemistry monitoring instruments
and chemical quality control,
resulting in excellent steam
chemistry control.
Organic Leakage and its KURT HOCHMULLER, BASF AG, Ludwigshafen/Rhein, Federal Republic of Unidentified organics still
Solution Germany contained in demineralized water
treated from Rhine water caused
heavy corrosion damage in HP-
boilers. Aspects covered: 1)
Investigations of causes of
damages, 2) Development of an
analytical method of determining
organics, 3) Testing of process
combinations to remove organics,
and 4) Construction of a treatment
plant based on the experimental
results.
Organic Leakage and its ROBERT KUNIN - Consultant, Yardly, Pennsylvania
Solution
Trace Metal Analysis by ARTHUR W. FITCHETT, JOHN RIVIELLO, E. L. JOHNSON, Dionex This progress report will cover all
Ion Chromatography Corporation, Sunnyvale, California aspects of metal analysis by Ion
Chromatography and will include
discussions on alkali metals,
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IWC-82-41 Report
IWC-82-42 Report
Page 2734 of 5199 01/27/2018

discussions on alkali metals,
alkaline earths, transition metals
and metal complexes. The ability
to analyze transition metals will be
studied in detail as well as the
principle and mechanism behind
post column reaction and UV/VIS
detection.
Barium Fouling of RICARDO ALLEN, KAREN ATKINS, Potomac Electric Power Company, Several east coast utilities
SulphonicAcid Resins Washington, D.C. including Pepco, experience
losses in demineralizer capacity
attributed to BaSO4. Fouling may
be a secondary problem with the
primary cause being inefficient
elution of Ba+2 using conventional
regeneration schemes and
sulphonic acid resins. Carboxylic
resins are suggested as a means
of resolution.
Replacing Multi-Stage EARL W. JOHANSEN, Neptune Microfloc, Corvallis, Oregon, SAMUEL The decision to replace the
Flash with Reverse PAREDES ZARATE, Federal de Electricadad, Mexicali, Mexico multi—stage flash, MSF,
Osmosis for High Pressure evaporator plant with a reverse
Boiler Feedwater osmosis, RO, desalination system
offers a rare insight into actual
operating and maintenance costs
data comparison between flash
evaporators and RO membrane
Page 2735 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 2736 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-82-44 Report
Page 2737 of 5199 01/27/2018

separation. This paper compares
one complete month of operation
and maintenance costs between
the 7.5 million gallons per day
MSF plant and the 158,000 gpd
reverse osmosis system at
Rosarito, Mexico. This on—site
plant performance evaluation will
serve as a guide for determining
whether reverse osmosis filtration
or MSF evaporator is the most cost
effective technology in supplying
high pressure boiler feedwater
from a sea water source supply.
Treatment of a Blend of J. T. ARONSON, Stearns-Roger Engineering Corporation, Denver, Colorado, G. A conventional clarifier-softener
Makeup and Recirculating MILLER, Public Service Company of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, WINSTON system with lime soda treatment
Cooling Water in a CHOW, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto California, W. C. was used in a portable pilot field
Conventional Clarifier- MICHELETTI, Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas, R. V. LONG, Stone and test unit to treat a blend of 70%
Softener System - Results Webster Engineering Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts raw water and 30% recirculating
of a Pilot Plant Test cooling water for calcium,
magnesium and silica removal
whivh would demonstrate scale-
free operation at 20 cycles of
operation. This paper compares
economics and results of this test
to conventional design and
computer model predictions.
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IWC-82-45 Report
IWC-82-46 Poster
Page 2740 of 5199 01/27/2018

Recent Developments and DAVID SISKIND, Ecodyne Corporation, Union, New Jersey Hydraulic recirculation of influent
Field Experiences with suspended solids, newly formed
Solids Contact Clarifiers precipitates, and aged floc
Using Hydraulic Sludge particles in solids contact reactor
Recirculation clarifiers has been used for more
than ten years. The current paper
reviews the performance of five
reactor clarifiers with “state of the
art” hydraulic recirculators, with
emphasis on effluent turbidity,
chemical consumption, electrical
energy savings, effective operating
flow ranges and maintenance
requirements. These clarifiers
reliably produced high quality
effluent from waters of diverse
composition.
Anion Resin Kinetic JAMES T. McNULTY, CLAUDE A. BEVAN, Rohm and Haas Company, This paper reports on anion resin
Testing for Condensate Springhouse, Pennsylvania kinetic testing experience gained
Polishing at Rohm & Haas using the method
described by Ray at al, (IWC-81-
32). Factors influencing test
method results, particularly anion
resin particle size will be discussed
and a standard for acceptable
anion resin performance will be
offered.
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IWC-82-47 Poster
IWC-82-48 Poster
Page 2743 of 5199 01/27/2018

Tri-Ammonex: New GEORGE J. CRITS, Cochrane Environmental Systems, King of Prussia, The use of an inert resin
Dimensions in Condensate Pennsylvania intermediate layer in regeneration
Polishing with Inert Resin of condensate polishing mixed
Use beds promises to produce lower
ionic leakage. However, inert resin
use has had problems. This new
system avoids: the high initial or
replacement costs, dilution of the
operating beds, air floatation or
backwash losses, crud fouling of
the inert resins, chemical
regenerant residuals retained by
the inert resins, etc. The process
involves the temporary addition of
inert resin to the spent mixed bed
resins in a “three tank external
regeneration system.”
Improved Biological JOHN A. CHRISTIANSEN, J. PAIGE STRALEY, ANNE L. KOPECKY, Hydrocarbons are chlorinated to
Degradation Chlorinated Sybron/Biochemical Birmingham, New Jersey add physical, chemical and
Hydrocarbons Using biological stability to the precursor
Mutant Bacteria hydrocarbons. Naturally, occurring
bacteria lack the enzymatic ability
to degrade these molecules.
Mutant bacteria are able to
degrade chlorinated hydrocarbons
(chlorinated aliphatics, chloro-
phenols, and polychlorinated
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IWC-82-49 Poster
IWC-82-50 Poster
Page 2746 of 5199 01/27/2018

biphenyls) at near-stoichiometric
rates. The use of mutant bacteria
is reported in three case studies on
chlorinated hydrocarbons at a
speciality chemical plant, on a
herbicide 2.4-D and reaction
products, and on chlorinated
phenols.
Cleaning and Passivating PETER A. THOMAS, JESSE BEECHER, JOHN R. STINGER, Drew Chemical Proper cleaning and passivation of
Cooling Water Systems Corporation, Boonton, New Jersey metal surfaces is mandatory for
good corrosion control in open
recirculating cooling water
systems. The paper details
methods for cleaning and
passivating new and used heat
transfer equipment utilizing
common inhibitor and dispersant
programs. Considerations are
given to environmental regulations,
safety and monitoring the results of
the program. Additionally several
pertinent case histories are
discussed.
Problems Observed with BRIAN J. HOFFMAN, Rohm and Haas Company, Springhouse, Pennsylvania As a service to many of its current
Ion Exchange Resins in and potential customers, an ion
Field Operation exchange manufacturer performs
basic analysis of ion exchange
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IWC-82-51 Poster
Page 2749 of 5199 01/27/2018

resin samples to evaluate their
condition in commercial operation.
Major resin problem areas are
addressed with respect to: Resin
type, application, and service life.
This service is intended to assist
resin users in trouble shooting
water treatment problems and in
determining whether their ion
exchange resins are suitable for
continued use. Through this
program, we analyze over 1,000
resin samples per year. By
employing modern computer data
base techniques we have been
able to compile, store, and access
this data in an orderly fashion. This
has enabled us to develop an
overview of the performance of the
major classes of ion exchange
resins and also highlight the
problems observed with these
resins.
Organic Cooling Water SHARON W. AKIN, Zimmite Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio The use of organic recirculating
Corrosion Control cooling water corrosion inhibitors
in place of chromate treatment was
evaluated using a pilot corrosion
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IWC-82-52 Poster
Page 2752 of 5199 01/27/2018

and deposition monitor along with
electrochemical techniques and a
scanning electron microscope. The
effect of system parameters
required closer control of organic
inhibitors. Black deposits on
carbon steel coupons were
indicators of microbiological
corrosion and pitting and reduced
inhibitor capacity. The impact of
actual operating parameters in five
systems with microbiological
growth of Leptothrix in the cooling
tower upon inhibitor performance
was demonstrated. Control of
calcium hardness, total alkalinity,
Ryzner Stability Index and
microbiological control was critical.
Comparison of Anion J. H. SMITH, Portals Water Treatment, Permutit-Boby Limited, Isleworth, The results of pilot plant and
Kinetic Leakage in Mixed Middlesex, United Kingdom associated laboratory tests to
Bed Operation and in establish a definite comparison of
Single Column Operation anion kinetic leakage in mixed bed
operation as compared to single
column operation will be
discussed. Results presented for
both sulphate and chloride
demonstrate that the single anion
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IWC-83-01 Paper
IWC-83-02 Report
Page 2755 of 5199 01/27/2018

column exhibits better ion
exchange kinetics at identical flow
rates.
Demineralization of a DAVID H. CAMERON, London Monenco Consultants Ltd., St. Catherines, Ontario Hydro’s Thunder Bay
River Water with a High Ontario, Canada, HUGH BORLAND, DERRICK L. BROOKS, D. BEAUDETTE, Generating Station uses a river
Organic Content Ontario Hydro, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada water with low turbidity and
dissolved salts but with a high
organic content from forest,
swamp and paper mill sources.
The water quality varies frequently
and seasonally and contains algae
and bacteria which cause slime
growth fouling in the cooling water.
The paper described the design of
the pretreatment and demineralizer
trains. Organic monitoring was
performed by ultraviolet
adsorbance spectroscopy, and
chemical oxygen demand. The
operating experiences were
discussed and process
modifications described.
Demineralization of a F. X. McGARVEY, JOHN UNGAR, Sybron Chemical Division, Birmingham, New
River Water with a High Jersey
Organic Content
Removal of Chlorinated CHARLES D. BLUMENSCHEIN, ROBERT HELWICK, the Chester Engineers, The use of rotating biological
Organics Utilizing Rotating Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania contactors in the treatment of
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IWC-83-03 Paper
Page 2758 of 5199 01/27/2018

Organics Utilizing Rotating Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania contactors in the treatment of
Biological Contactors industrial wastewater
contaminated with l,l,l-
trichloroethane is feasible and a
high effluent quality is achievable.
The removal of l,l,l-trichloroethane
in a RBC unit is achieved primarily
through volatilization although
some may be biologically
degraded or adsorbed. The pilot
studies indicated that BOD
removals in a RBC unit can be
modeled using an exponential
function. As such, by increasing
the load in the influent to the RBC
unit an exponential decrease in
effluent quality will occur until
active biomass can no longer
assimulate the organic load. These
studies have shown that a RBC
unit can be loaded at a rate of 2.0
lb BOD/day/l,000 sq ft and produce
a high quality effluent.
The Use of Corrosion LEONARD FREEDMAN, Hercules, Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware This paper reviewed the
Inhibitor Mechanisms in mechanisms that could account for
the Development of the behavior of phosphate based
Products and Application corrosion inhibitors in cooling
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IWC-83-03D Report
IWC-83-10 Abstract
IWC-83-04 Paper
Page 2761 of 5199 01/27/2018

Programs waters. Corrosion studies were
reviewed. A mechanism was
proposed based on a corrosion cell
model with the formation of a
calcium-iron-phosphate matrix with
a gamma iron oxide passivating
surface film. This led to the
development of a new phosphate -
based corrosion inhibitor system.
The Use of Corrosion ARTHUR W. FYNSK, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware
Inhibitor Mechanisms in
the Development of
Products and Application
Programs
Ozone in High Purity CARL NEBEL, PCI Ozone Corporation, West Caldwell, New Jersey This presentation was published
Water Systems, as a one page abstract, but the
{incomplete paper} referenced complete paper was
not published in the proceedings. It
was stated that ultraviolet light was
not able to maintain sterility in a
high purity pharmaceutical water
system. Ozone oxidation with a
2.5g/l residual and deionization
was claimed to produce pyrogen
free water.
Mechanism of Scale JASBIR S. GILL, CHERYL D. ANDERSON, RICHARD G. VARSANIK, Calgon This paper reports on the surface
Inhibition by Corporation_x000D_ adsorption of phosphonates on
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Phosphonates Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania calcite as a possible mechanism of
crystal growth inhibition. Results of
kinetic measurements of the
growth of well characterized calcite
seed crystals in the presence of
phosphonates are also discussed.
The growth kinetics have been
followed using a highly
reproducible, constant solution
composition technique in which the
chemical potential of the solution is
kept constant by the stoichiometric
addition of reactants. The growth
of calcite has been shown to follow
an equation second order in
supersaturation. A growth
mechanism based on the electrical
double layer around the growing
crystal is proposed rather than the
blocking of active growth sites by
surface adsorption. This paper
also proposes a new concept of
crystal growth from supersaturated
aqueous solutions.
Mechanism of Scale DAVID L. VENEZKY, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC
Inhibition by
Phosphonates
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IWC-83-05 Paper
Page 2767 of 5199 01/27/2018

Hydroperm™ Cross Flow DANIEL L. COMSTOCK, ANDREW K. HSIUNG, JOSEPH A. MILLEN,Neptune Cross flow microfiltration is a
Microfiltration: a New Microfloc, Corvallis, Oregon solids/liquid separation process
Process for the Liquid that grown out of microfiltration
Process Industry technology. One subcategory of
cross flow microfiltration includes
microfilter elements that do not
have a fixed rejecting membrane
and do not reject dissolved (ionic)
solids or macromolecules. Instead
of requiring a fixed, solids rejecting
membrane, a dynamic membrane
is formed on the inner surface of
the filter element by the material
being filtered The objective of this
paper is to highlight the factors that
govern the theory and practice of
this intriguing new process and to
present lime softening and
seawater reverse osmosis
pretreatment pilot study data.
Lastly, the benefits of cross flow
microfiltration will be presented for
these applications.
Hydroperm™ Cross Flow JAMES D. MAVIS, CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Washington
Microfiltration: a New
Process for the Liquid
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IWC-83-06 Paper
IWC-83-07 Paper
Page 2770 of 5199 01/27/2018

Process for the Liquid
Process Industry
Ultrafiltration Aids in RAY N. HARALSON, Western Electric Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, The basic requirements for
Production of High Quality KENNETH E. JOHNDAHL, Osmonics, Incorporated, Minnetonka, Minnesota electronics manufacturing water
Water for Electronics were reviewed. The typical water
Manufacture, a Case treatment system used a series of
History processes including carbon
adsorption, deionization, and
filtering. Non-ionic contaminants
passing through the demineralizers
were a concern. Membrane
ultrafiltration has replaced 0.45
micron filters for the final polishing.
Ultrafiltration Aids in VERITY C. SMITH, Vaponics, Incorporated, Plymouth, Massachusetts
Production of High Quality
Water for Electronics
Manufacture, a Case
History
State-Of-The-Art of the WILLIAM E. KATZ, Ionics, Incorporated, Watertown, Massachusetts This paper provides an
Electrodialysis Reversal introduction of electrodialysis
(EDR) Process in 1983 reversal, EDR, for industrial water
treatment applications. EDR is
symmetrically reversible so that
that the motion of ions can be in
either direction through the
membrane between the
concentrated and deionized
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IWC-83-08 Paper
Page 2773 of 5199 01/27/2018

compartments. The reversal of
directions a few times per hour
cleans the membrane surfaces
and maintains the EDR
performance much longer than the
conventional electrodialysis
operation. Case studies were
discussed for a number of
applications where inorganic or
organic fouling would be a concern
State-Of-The-Art of the DR. ROBERT KUNIN, Consultant, Yardley, Pennsylvania
Electrodialysis Reversal
(EDR) Process in 1983
Water Management and DALE M. SOPOCY, AL F. ASCHOFF, ROBERT J. CHIESA, Sargent & Lundy This paper demonstrates the
Advanced Wastewater Engineers, Chicago, Illinois evaluation necessary to develop a
Treatment for Water- zero liquid discharge plant design
Scarce Sites that is both cost effective and
ultimately successful. . The design
process proceeds in an organized
manner through the development
and implementation of an overall
water management plan. It also
discusses some of the key power
plant design investigations
necessary for these water scarce
sites to ensure that the most
economical uses are made of the
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Page 2776 of 5199 01/27/2018

economical uses are made of the
existing water supplies, consistent
with good operating and
maintenance practices, and with
proper regard to environmental
considerations. Design and cost
information are presented for such
a water scarce site, using actual
meteorological and water quality
data to demonstrate the feasibility
of the many design alternatives
available to the architect/engineer,
AE. The success of a water
management plan depends upon a
firm commitment by both the
owner and the AE at the beginning
of plant design. The AE and owner
should each designate qualified
engineers to coordinate and
interface on all design activities
and management decisions
required to fully implement the
water management plan.
Water Management and RUSSELL C. VANDENBERG, Resources Conservation Co.
Advanced Wastewater
Treatment for Water-
Scarce Sites
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IWC-83-09 Paper
IWC-83-11 Paper
Page 2779 of 5199 01/27/2018

Characterization and KEN L. OGLE, KEN CHEN, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, A study was undertaken to acquire
Treatment of Trace Metals Tennessee, ROGER A. MINEAR, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee characterization data for trace
in Coal Pile Drainage metals in seven coal pile drainage,
CPD, locations. Chemical
precipitation processes and their
effectiveness in removing trace
metals were evaluated in the
laboratory for simulated and actual
leachates, and sludge thickening
and dewatering processes tested
with chemical additives. A
computerized mathematical model
of the precipitation process was
used to predict treatment results.
The Use of Triazine as an GARY R. TANGEN, Cooperative Power Association, Underwood, North Dakota, Algae growth was a problem
Algaecide for Circulating JIM CHAMBERS, Drew Chemical Corporation, Omaha, Nebraska during the summer months on the
Cooling Water cooling tower decks at the Coal
Creek Station, SD., despite heavy
chlorination and operation at
neutral pH. Other halogen oxidants
and glycol additives and
mechanical cleaning were
ineffective. A triazine aquatic
herbicide was used on a trial basis
and killed the algae. This use of
triazine was subsequently
approved by the EPA.
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IWC-83-12 Paper
IWC-83-13 Report
Page 2782 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Use of Triazine as an RICHARD A. CLARK, Buckman Laboratories, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee
Algaecide for Circulating
Cooling Water
Application of a New THOMAS W. ISAAC, ALEX J. KORVIN, ROBERT S. KLONOWSKI, Wright A new “environmentally
Environmentally Chemical Corporation, Schiller Park, Illinois acceptable” cooling water program
Acceptable Cooling Water has been developed utilizing
Treatment organic inhibitors entirely. The
product is based on a polymeric
diol with organophosphonate and
triazole ., The all-in-one
combination scale and corrosion
inhibitor has proven highly
effective in both all steel and mixed
metal systems while avoiding the
environmental hazards of
chromate based programs
Laboratory data and case histories
are included.
Application of a New TIMOTHY KEISTER, Brockway, Incorporated, Brockway, Pennsylvania
Environmentally
Acceptable Cooling Water
Treatment
Theoretical and Practical CHARLES EBERSOLE, PHILIP A. JARVIO, Philip A. Hunt Chemical Organophosphates used for scale
Considerations of Corporation, Lincoln, Rhode Island control in cooling water systems
Phosphonate Oxidation are susceptible to oxidation by
chlorine which can reduce the
overall effectiveness despite
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IWC-83-14 Paper
IWC-83-15 Paper
Page 2785 of 5199 01/27/2018

overall effectiveness despite
maintaining the correct additive
levels. This paper describes
progress in the development of
organophosphates with a modified
structure which is more resistant to
oxidation.
A New Commercial WILLIAM E. HAGSTRAND, The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, Ohio This paper reviewed the
Monomer for Use In Water applications polymers such as
Treatment Applications acrylamides and acrylates in water
treatment applications as
coagulants, dispersants and
flocculants in water treatment
applications. The limitations of
these additives were discussed
and possible modifications and
alternative polymers evaluated. A
series of sulfonated acrylamide
copolymers have been
commercialized which are more
resistant to hydrolysis and more
temperature stable.
A New Commercial ANDREW J. SHARPE, Jr., Consultant, Polyelectrolyte Manufacture &
Monomer for Use In Water Application, Midland, Georgia
Treatment Applications
Condensate Polisher C. S. WELTY, Jr., Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CaliforniaC. C. The study reported in this paper
Resin Leakage and Resin STAUFFER, S. J. ELMIGER, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance, Ohio, P. L. was a limited scope, short-term
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Page 2788 of 5199 01/27/2018

Resin Leakage and Resin STAUFFER, S. J. ELMIGER, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance, Ohio, P. L. was a limited scope, short-term
Transport Studies DOSS, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Lynchburg, Virginia, effort to determine the levels of
resin leakage and secondary cycle
resin transport in nine operating
PWRs with condensate polisher
systems. Both deep bed and
powdered resin polisher systems
leak resin to the secondary
system. The data thus obtained
will be used to determine the
validity of results from earlier
materials test programs which
indicate that certain levels of resin
ingress can cause inter granular
attack, IGA, to Inconel tubing in
model boilers operating at
temperatures and heat fluxes
typical of PWR steam generators .
Additionally, the data will be used
to define future materials test
programs to definitively establish
the impact of resin release on
steam generator corrosion. In this
study there was no systematic
effort to determine the causes of or
possible corrective measures for
observed levels of resin leakage.
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IWC-83-16 Paper
Page 2791 of 5199 01/27/2018

Condensate Polisher S. W. LURIE, Combustion Engineering Corp., Windsor, Connecticut
Resin Leakage and Resin
Transport Studies
Condensate Polisher DAVID P. SIEGWARTH, D. A. McNEA, NWT Corporation, San Jose, California, The Surry 2 polisher system
Performance at the Surry WILLIAM A. THORNTON, Virginia Electric Power Company, Richmond, Virginia operated with new resins in the
Nuclear Power Station hydrogen—hydroxide cycle was
capable of maintaining effluent
impurities at or below SGOG
steam generator blowdown normal
operating guidelines except for
sodium. Polisher effluent water
quality was maintained for 14
days with a simulated condenser
leak equivalent to 0.8 gpm until the
ammonia breakthrough.. The
operating polisher service cycle
length of ten days ensures
negligible impurity breakthrough
because of ammonia leakage. The
major operating problem is resin
separation during regeneration
resulting in contamination of the
resins with regenerant chemicals.
Sodium is the major contaminant
when operating with new resins.
As the anion resin degrades with
age, the throw of sulfate from
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IWC-83-17 Paper
Page 2794 of 5199 01/27/2018

age, the throw of sulfate from
freshly regenerated beds is a
serious problem, and sulfate
becomes the major contaminant
observed in the steam generators.
The importance of optimizing resin
separation to minimize exposure of
the ion exchange resins to an
inappropriate regenerant chemical
is illustrated clearly by the Surry
plant results. Surry has initiated a
routine (once every two years)
resin replacement program to
reduce problems resulting from
resin aging.
Condensate Polisher MICHAEL W. ROOTHAM, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh,
Performance at the Surry Pennsylvania
Nuclear Power Station
Major Advances of PAUL PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Evergreen, Colorado

Chemical Treatment of
Cooling Water in China
over the Last Decade
A Unique Advance in ELI SALEM, Graver Water Division of The Graver Company, Union, New Jersey, The condensate polishers at
Condensate Polishing at CARL SCHEERER, Central Illinois Public Service Company, Springfield, Illinois Newton Power Station Units 1 and
Central Illinois Public 2 did not consistently meet the
Service Company effluent requirements beyond the
ammonia break. The external
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IWC-83-18 Paper
Page 2797 of 5199 01/27/2018

ammonia break. The external
regeneration system employed a
flotation procedure to improve
resin separation but it was difficult
to distinguish between gel cation
and anion resins during backwash
separation. Incomplete separation
and significant resin inbalance
were causing regeneration
problems. This paper described
the improvements to the
regeneration procedures including
the addition of an inert resin and a
conductivity cell to control
separated resin transfer to
minimize cross contamination
during regeneration. This was
called the SEPREX/CONESEP
regeneration system.
A Unique Advance in JAMES T. McNULTY, Rohm and Hans Research Laboratories, Spring House,
Condensate Polishing at Pennsylvania
Central Illinois Public
Service Company
San Miguel: a Case for a EMERY LANGE, Jr., San Miguel Electric Cooperative, Incorporated, Jourdanton, A powdered resin condensate
Drum Boiler Condensate Texas, DOUGLAS S. JOHNSTONE, The Graver Company, Union, New Jersey polisher system was retrofitted into
Polishing Retrofit PAUL W. GROSS, Datum Company, Houston, Texas, the system to reduce the time to
reach the drum boiler water
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IWC-83-19 Paper
Page 2800 of 5199 01/27/2018

quality, particularly silica, by
blowdown on re-start to full load.
The reasons for choice of polisher
and design were given. The
powdered resin system was not
operated full time and is in standby
mode during power operation. The
polisher operation and results were
discussed. A concern was the
effect of air in-leakage which
significantly reduced polisher run
time.
San Miguel: a Case for a GEORGE CRITS, Cochrane Environmental Systems, King of Prussia,
Drum Boiler Condensate Pennsylvania
Polishing Retrofit
Dynamic Deposition and OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware, M. ROIDT, A. S. Effects of surface roughness,
Solubility of Sodium MANOCHA, Westinghouse R&D Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, obstacles to flow, boundary layer,
Chloride in Superheated oxide layer, and many other
Steam dynamic secondary effects, on
deposition rates in low pressure
steam turbines are not well
understood. To answer some of
these many questions, we have
designed and run a large scale
laboratory experiment simulating
rapid expansion of impure turbine
steam along metal surfaces. In the
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IWC-83-20 Paper
Page 2803 of 5199 01/27/2018

steam along metal surfaces. In the
first set of experiments described
in this report, sodium chloride was
the impurity injected into the steam
with concentrations and
thermodynamic parameters
simulating low pressure turbine
conditions. The apparatus,
analytical methods used for
analysis of deposited surfaces, test
results and their implications for
turbine operation are described
and discussed and
recommendations for further
research are made.
Dynamic Deposition and W. E. ALLMON, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Research and Development
Solubility of Sodium Division, Alliance, Ohio
Chloride in Superheated
Steam
Improved Control of Boiler J. A. KELLY, M. L. LIN, G. W. FLASCH, Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, Synthetic polymers have been
Scaling and Corrosion with Illinois used as dispersants, crystal
an All-Polymer Internal modifiers, and threshold inhibitors
Treatment Program for many years to control
deposition in boilers. Polymers
supplemened existing phosphate,
carbonate, or strong chelate
hardness control programs. This
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Page 2806 of 5199 01/27/2018

paper has summarized the results
on a new all-polymer approach to
hardness and iron control. Over
3000 boilers are using this all-
polymer approach after the first
two years of field application.
Some problems have surfaced
during this time. They range from
major hardness upsets (400 ppm),
incorrect unit firing, acid incursion
through demineralizer
regeneration, tremendous
inadvertent overfeed, and oil
contamination (300 ppm), to
overcycling of the boiler (500
cycles). In many of these cases
the new program handled even
these severe problems. Laboratory
bench, scale boiler, and advanced
research boiler studies have
shown the performance of the new
all-polymer program. The
performance in terms of scale
control, corrosion reduction,
cleanup, passivation, and steam
purity has been verified and
established in the field.
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IWC-83-21 Paper
Page 2809 of 5199 01/27/2018

Improved Control of Boiler THOMAS M. LARONGE, Thomas M. Laronge, Inc., Vancouver, Washington
Scaling and Corrosion with
an All-Polymer Internal
Treatment Program
The Behavior of Sodium, STEPHEN G. SAWOCHKA, WESLEY L. PEARL, NWT Corporation, San Jose, An extensive data base has been
Chloride, and Sulfate in California, developed for once-through and
PWR Secondary Cycles recirculating steam generator
systems on the behavior of
sodium, chloride and sulfate.
Concentrations in most portions of
these cycles are at or near
detection limits of conventionally
employed analytical procedures.
However, detection levels of
available analysis procedures are
consistent with those necessary for
demonstrating conformance to
recently issued SGOG chemistry
guidelines for PWR secondary
cycles. The behavior of the sodium
and chloride appears to be
relatively consistent with
expectations. Further evaluations
of the implication of observed
differences between theory and
observation relative to sulfate
behavior in once-through and
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IWC-83-22 Paper
Page 2812 of 5199 01/27/2018

recirculating units appear
advisable, particularly in light of the
accepted relation of sulfur
compounds to Alloy 600 stress
corrosion cracking. Although the
observations of negligible removal
efficiencies of condensate
polishers during normal operation
is at first somewhat disconcerting,
removal efficiencies increase
significantly with even modest
increases in condensate
concentrations. At the normally
observed low concentration levels
in PWR secondary cycles, mass
balances can identify biases and
deficiencies in the sampling and
analytical procedures.
Chemical Cleaning of GEORGE VERIB, Ohio Edison, Stow, Ohio
Boilers
Diethylhydroxylamine for DIONISIO G. CUISIA, Dearborn Chemical Company, Lake Zurich, Illinois This paper discussed the
Corrosion Protection in application of
Industrial and Utility diethylhydroxylamine, DEHA, as
Boilers an oxygen scavenger. The
properties of the commercial
product were given and the results
of tests on volatility, reaction rates
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IWC-83-23 Paper
Page 2815 of 5199 01/27/2018

and corrosion summarized. A
number of case studies were
discussed where DEHA was
substituted for other oxygen
scavengers.
Diethylhydroxylamine for MANFRED T. NOACK, Olin Corporation, New Haven, Connecticut
Corrosion Protection in
Industrial and Utility
Boilers
Generic Reactor Coolant MICHAEL TROY, SAM KANG, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, This paper is based on work
High Temperature Pennsylvania, MICHAEL D. NAUGHTON, Electric Power Research Institute, performed (1) since 1978 under
Electromagnetic Filtration Palo Alto, California the auspices of the Electric Power
System for PWR Plants Research Institute, EPRI. The
objective of the EPRI program has
been to design, install and test a
full scale prototype high
temperature electromagnetic
filtration system for reactor coolant.
Such a system is expected to
reduce the potential occupational
radiation exposure, ORE, to plant
operating and maintenance
personnel by a factor of three or
more. The deposits of irradiated
primary system corrosion products
on the ex-core plant surfaces
account for 75—80% of the ORE
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IWC-83-23D Paper
IWC-83-24 Paper
Page 2818 of 5199 01/27/2018

in pressurized water reactor, PWR,
plants. The filtration system is
expected to remove not only
irradiated corrosion products re-
suspended from the core surfaces,
but also newly released corrosion
products prior to their deposition
on and irradiation by the reactor
core. Removal of the circulating
particulates will also remove the
associated radioactive cobalt-60
and cobalt-58 species as well.
Generic Reactor Coolant P. V. BALAKRISHNAN, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River Nuclear
High Temperature Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
Electromagnetic Filtration
System for PWR Plants
Reviewing the Usage of ROBERT S. REIMERS, ANN C. ANDERSON, LUANN WHITE, Tulane In the past, non-ionizing radiation
Applied-Fields in Industrial University, New Orleans, Louisiana processes were marketed as a
Water Treatment-What kind of panacea for water
Works? What Does Not treatment. They were claimed to
Work? be special devices requiring no
technical control that would treat
water non-chemically to prevent
scale and corrosion. Variable
effectiveness and lack of scientific
substantiation of the process
mechanisms produced
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IWC-83-25 Paper
Page 2821 of 5199 01/27/2018

understandable skepticism. Recent
research reviewed, however,
indicates that the use of applied-
field processes may be viable for
water treatment under specific
environmental conditions.
Reviewing the Usage of J. FRED WILKES, Consulting Chemical Engineer, Titusville, Florida
Applied-Fields in Industrial
Water Treatment-What
Works? What Does Not
Work?
A New Potable Water RICHARD E. ROZELLE, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan It is well documented that the
Radium/Radon Removal occurrence of naturally soluble
System radium in the environment is both
a prevalent problem- and a known
health risk. Many groundwater
supplies contain measurable levels
of radium and its daughter
element, radon. Studies have
shown that water supplies of many
small and medium sized
communities, primarily derived
from wells, exceed the EPA
radionuclide regulation of 5
picocuries per liter. A new system
using a selective resin for removal
of radium and granular activated
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IWC-83-26 Paper
Page 2824 of 5199 01/27/2018

carbon for removal of radon from
such potable water supplies has
been developed. A full scale test of
the system, designated the
Radium Selective Complexer
System, has been conducted at
Bellville, Texas. This report
includes a description of the
system, and data from the full
scale test and data from a pilot test
at Brady Texas.
A New Potable Water CHARLES R. MADDOX, Division of Water Hygiene, Texas Department of
Radium/Radon Removal Health, Austin, Texas
System
Computerization of ALVIN N. HEWING, RAY H. WARMKESSER, General Public Utilities Service Early in 1981, a need for closer
Generating Station Water Corporation, Reading, Pennsylvania review of the older fossil station
Chemistry Data in the chemistry data was recognized by
GPU System the General Publici Utilities, CPU,
System Laboratory. As a result of
financial considerations, older
stations were being retained in
service./ Because of the extended
service of these older plants,
failure of condensers, feedwater
heaters and boiler tubes was to be
expected, and in fact, did occur.
Selection of appropriate
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Page 2827 of 5199 01/27/2018

Selection of appropriate
replacement material, the need for
chemical cleanings to help extend
their operating life and increase
reliability became of uppermost
importance. The computerization
of chemistry data was considered,
and GPU’s Information Services
was asked to provide the computer
program to meet the station needs.
The data base software they chose
was IBM’s Information
Management System, IMS.
Information Services was asked to
key on program flexibility and
online availability. Flexibility was
essential so that changes in the
data base could be made. Online
availability means having the data
base and reports immediately
available to the station chemical
engineers, thus omitting untimely
problem resolutions
Computerization of JOHN SIEGMUND, Sheppard T. Powell Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
Generating Station Water
Chemistry Data in the
GPU System
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IWC-86-06 Paper
IWC-83-27 Paper
Page 2830 of 5199 01/27/2018

Water Quality Protection ROY W. H. WILKES, pHox Systems, Ltd., Shefford, Beds., England Originally developed in the U.S. by
with Fish Monitor the Water Research Centre, this
water monitoring system now has
widespread operating experience.
The unit monitors the vital signs of
a number of rainbow trout whose
environment is stabilized except
for the variable of the quality of
water passing through the works
intake.
Prevention of Iron, L. R. GESS, Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, Illinois, L. M. MAY, A. W. A new preventive maintenance
Organic, and OBERHOFER, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois concept has been developed
Microbiological Resin which controls common resin
Fouling via a New Concept foulants by repeated removal
in Ion Exchange during every chemically treated
Maintenance backwash with surface active
agents and subsequent
regeneration. Two years of field
experience has shown this concept
to: _x000D_
1. Increase service run lengths
30% to 40% _x000D_
2. Extend useful resin life _x000D_
3. Improve effluent water quality
_x000D_
4. Reduce operating and
regenerant cost _x000D_
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IWC-83-28 Paper
Page 2833 of 5199 01/27/2018

This paper presents the market
and laboratory research data,
several case studies under field
conditions and results compiled
during concept development.
Prevention of Iron, RICHARD HETHERINGTON, Epicor, Incorporated, Linden, New Jersey
Organic, and
Microbiological Resin
Fouling via a New Concept
in Ion Exchange
Maintenance
Syncrude Canada Ltd.'s ELIZABETH WILKINS, BOYCE TUCKER, Syncrude Canada, Ltd., Fort The demineralizer facilities at the
Five Years Operating McMurray, Alberta, Canada, DAVID HICKLING, Ecodyne, Ltd., Oakville, Ontario, Athabasca Oil Sands plants have
Experience with Canada's Canada performed well despite the high
Largest Demineralizer water demand. Equipment
problems (lateral securing, rubber
deterioration, poor control) have
been rectified or are in the process
of being so. Work continues on
fouling problems, in particular
barium sulphate deposition,
however, the installation of the
additional demineralizer facilities
has reduced the impact on
production. Once all modifications
are made, Syncrude anticipates
highly reliable long term operation
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IWC-83-29 Paper
IWC-83-30 Paper
Page 2836 of 5199 01/27/2018

of the demineralizer system.
Syncrude Canada Ltd's IRVING M. ABRAMS, Consultant, Los Altos, California

Five Years Operating
Experience with Canada's
Largest Demineralizer
Development of A. D. PRUNAC, E. ZAGANIARIS, Rohm & Haas European Laboratories, A new acrylic anion exchange
Acrylobed™, a New Anion Valbonne, France resin system recently developed in
Exchange Resin System Europe is described. This resin
for Water Demineralization system is particularly designed for
countercurrent upflow regeneration
techniques. Pilot and field
operation data are presented
which illustrate the performance of
the resin on waters of different
compositions.
Development of T. R. DILLMAN, Illinois Water Treatment Company, Rockford, Illinois
Acrylobed™, a New Anion
Exchange Resin System
for Water Demineralization
Performance of Air Block SID WILSON, Champlin Petroleum Company,Corpus Christi, Texas, JOSEPH E. The Champlin Refinery in Corpus
Countercurrent ZUBACK, Infilco Degremont, Incorporated, Richmond, Virginia Christi, TX., used municipal water
Regeneration for as makeup to a demineralizer , but
Demineralization variations in dissolved solids and
of_x000D_ changes in the city water
High TDS Surface Water treatment, such as chloramines
instead of chlorine, resulted
unsatisfactory performance and
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Page 2839 of 5199 01/27/2018

unsatisfactory performance and
reliability. A replacement
demineralizer system was chosen
to meet new design requirements
with automated controls. The three
train demineralizer train consisted
of a weak acid and strong acid
cation resin with upflow
countercurrent and thoroughfare
regeneration., followed by a
booster pump and a weak base
and strong base anion resin with
thoroughfare regeneration. The
countercurrent regeneration of the
strong acid cation resin was
designed to minimize city water
usage so the partially drained resin
bed was retained in the top
compacted nine inches by using a
vacuum assisted air block system.
The results of six months operation
were discussed.
Performance of Air Block MICHAEL D. MAYNE, Dow Chemical U.S.A., Freeport, Texas
Countercurrent
Regeneration for
Demineralization
of_x000D_
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IWC-83-31 Report
IWC-83-32 Report
Page 2842 of 5199 01/27/2018

High TDS Surface Water
Groundwater Monitoring C. J. TOUHILL, A. P. PAJAK, A. J. SHUCKROW, Baker/TSA Division, Michael This paper focuses upon
and Response Program Baker, Jr., Inc., Beaver, Pennsylvania experiences and problems
encountered during the
implementation of both stages of
groundwater assessment required
by regulations, the first the Liquid
Management Program to
minimizes leachate generation and
release, and the second the
Groundwater Monitoring and
Response Program to detect
contamination migration, then
evaluate specific health and
environmental concerns, and
finally take corrective actions
where standard allowable levels
are exceeded. The discussion
which follows identifies situations,
particularly with wells, which
actually have occurred, and
describes ways in which they have
been handled.
Subsurface Cut-Off Walls: ROBERT D. MUTCH, Jr., Wehran Engineering, Middleton, New York This paper reviews the remediation
Design Considerations in of ground water contamination by
their Application to sub-surface cut-off walls which are
Ground-Water Recovery used in conjunction with ground
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IWC-83-33 Report
Page 2845 of 5199 01/27/2018

Programs water recovery systems to control
landfill leaching by collecting,
isolating and reducing the volume
to be treated. The construction of
cut-off walls is discussed using
compacted clay, bentonite slurry
filled trenches, vibrating beam
formed sub-surface impressions
backfilled with slurry, and
geomembranes of PVC or HDPE
installed in a trench. The efficiency
depends on design, installation
and local conditions as shown in
two case studies.
Water Quality Protection ROY H. REUTER, ICAIR – Life Systems, Inc, Cleveland, Ohio
with Fish Monitor
Removal and Treatment of G. KENT PETERSON, Illinois Water Treatment Company, Rockford, Illinois
Dissolved and Floating
Organic Compounds in a
Contaminated
Groundwater
Synthetic Linings for CHARLES E. STAFF, Staff Industries, Incorporated, Upper Montclair, New Impermeable plastic liners used to
Pollution Control Jersey prevent leakage of water and
pollutants into the ground water
and river water were reviewed and
compared with less permeable
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IWC-83-34 Report
Page 2848 of 5199 01/27/2018

compared with less permeable
lining materials. An EPA Bulletin
SW#871listed approved plastics
and an industry standard was in
preparation. The specifications of
chemical and physical properties
were discussed with regard to the
requirements of many different
applications and environmental
conditions. Concerns are the
difficulties of testing for leaks in
seals, seams and linings in contact
with soils and attack on the liners
by organic solvents and oils.
Air Stripping of Organics R. P. HELWICK, C. D. BLUMENSCHEIN, The Chester Engineers, Coraopolis, This report reviewed the literature
Pennsylvania, on removal of volatile organic
solvents in groundwater by air
stripping. Design equations
volatile removal rates for
application in sparged stirred tanks
and countercurrent packed towers
were given. An example was given
on the design for removal of
trichloroethylene from water in a
packed tower with different
operating conditions. The
calculated values were compared
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IWC-83-35 Report
Page 2851 of 5199 01/27/2018

with the results of pilot plant
studies. The air leaving the
stripping column can be demisted
and organics adsorbed by
activated carbon. In a pilot plant
rotating biological contactor, RBC,
1,1,1-trichlorethane and Freon was
removed by air stripping and
biological degradation in the
presence of a biomass.
Monitoring, Containment, WALTER ZABBAN, The Chester Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, This was a summary report by the
and Treatment of Session chairman on the problem
Groundwater: Introduction of groundwater contamination and
and Conclusion summarizes the four presentations
that were given in the session,
“ Monitoring , Containment and
Treatment of
Groundwater”:_x000D_
IWC-83-31 on groundwater
monitoring_x000D_
IWC-83-32 on groundwater cut-off
wall containment_x000D_
IWC-83-33 on groundwater
synthetic liner
containment_x000D_
IWC-83-34 on ground water
volatile organic treatment
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IWC-83-36 Report
Page 2854 of 5199 01/27/2018

Factors Affecting the J. R. EMMETT, A. HEBBS, NEI Thompson Ltd., Kennicott Water Treatment, It is now well recognized that the
Performance of West Midlands, England purity of water produced by the
Condensate Polishing mixed bed deionization process is
Plants controlled by the overall
composition of the two resins
during the treatment cycle.
Imperfections in resin separation
play an important role in controlling
the resin composition after
regeneration. In order to establish
an important factor which
influences resin separation, the
terminal falling velocities have
been determined as a function of
particle size for both anion and
cation resin converted to relevant
ionic species. For good separation
small beads of cation resin have to
be eliminated. This is detrimental
for cation mass transfer but
beneficial for pressure drop
considerations, the reduction of
which is important. Kinetic
experiments show that the rate of
mass transfer in ion exchange is a
function of the square root of
velocity. Total surface area of the
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IWC-83-37 Report
IWC-83-38 Report
Page 2857 of 5199 01/27/2018

ion exchange resin beads is also
important. The elimination of large
anion beads required for good
separation is beneficial in that it
improves anion kinetics.
Colloidal Silica Removal FRANK P. ROMA, New York Electric & Gas Company, Binghamton, New York, The Milliken Station, Ithaca, NY.,
with Ion Exchange Resin THOMAS M. ISERT, Gilbert Associates, Reading, Pennsylvania, FRANK X. required excessive amounts of
at Milliken Station McGARVEY, Sybron Corporation/Ionac Division, Birmingham, New Jersey, demineralized water makeup and
WILLIAM S. MILLER, Ecolochem, Incorporated, Norfolk, Virginia time during boiler startup to
remove colloidal silica which was
not removed by the makeup water
system from the lake water source.
A test was conducted using a
macroporous Type 1 strong bas
resin as a scavenger following gel
cation and anion beds in a trailer
mounted water treatment system.
It was found that both the strong
acid cation resin and macroporous
strong base anion resin removed
significant amounts of colloidal
silica.
Deep Bed Countercurrent JOHN B. FARRAR, JOSEPH H. SMITH, Portals Water Treatment, Ltd., In 1977 we presented to this
Cations Isleworth, Middlesex, United Kingdom conference a fairly extensive paper
on current UK practice in the
design of demineralization plant.
Quite a large section of that paper
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IWC-83-39 Report
Page 2860 of 5199 01/27/2018

was devoted to resin evaluation
and we emphasised the point that
all of our resin capacity and
operating data are derived from
our own test work and not from
manufacturer’s published
performance bulletins.These
bulletins incidentally, have shown
little sign of improvement over the
last five years, The work that we
describe in this progress report is a
continuation of the 1977 paper, but
in this case concentrating on the
performance of particularly deep
beds of cation resin. The situation
at the commencement of the work
presently described was that we
had hard operating data from
laboratory work in columns varying
in depth up to 2.4m for counter-
current cation systems both of the
air hold down, AHD, and split flow,
SF, types with downflow service.
Removal of Organics from JOSEPH F. GIANNELLI, Graver Water and Graver Chemical Divisions of the The presence of low
Utility and Industrial Graver Company, Union, New Jersey concentrations of organic
Waters compounds in water can adversely
affect the performance of industrial
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IWC-83-40 Report
Page 2863 of 5199 01/27/2018

water treatment processes.
Organic compounds entering
steam electric generating cycles
can affect the performance of the
condensate treatment system and
also lead to corrosion and fouling
problems. As a result of an
increasing awareness of
detrimental effects of organics, a
series of precoat materials
containing powdered activated
carbon have been in regular use in
nuclear radwaste treatment and
have been undergoing field and
laboratory evaluations in industrial
makeup applications to remove
chlorine and a wide variety of
organics.
On-Line Analysis of JUDITH A. RAWA, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Fluoride, Acetate,
Formate, Chloride,
Carbonate, and Sulfate in
a Single Run Using
Gradient Ion
Chromatography
The Effect of Bead Size SALLIE FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Incorporated, Berwyn, Our concern is with the basic
and Hydrated Bead Pennsylvania problems encountered in many
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Page 2866 of 5199 01/27/2018

Density on the Separability mixed beds, some of which were
of Mixed Beds installed in the 1950’s and 60’s,
and are of necessity still being
operated. Do the resins separate
properly?. Removal and analysis
of the resins too often reveals that
they do not. An increasing number
of performance problems are being
encountered in these systems
even when, and sometimes
especially when, they are
rebedded. In many cases these
problems are related to poor
separation of the resins. The word
progress as in a “progress report”
generally carries with it the sense
of going forward, of things getting
better. Here, however, we are
going to talk about a case of things
getting worse and the progress
that we have to report is in our
understanding of why this has
happened. Some of the factors
are changes in resin size
distribution and bead density, and
operating mixed bed condensate
polishers in the ammonia form and
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IWC-83-41 Report
Page 2869 of 5199 01/27/2018

Potential of Weak-Acid HOWARD L. SIMPSON, Water Treatment Consultant, Cupertino, California, Weak acid cation resins hold
Cation Resins in CHARLES A. SAUER, Duolite International, Inc., Redwood City, California, considerable promise in
Ammoniated Condensate ROBERT A. ANDERSON, Ion Exchanger Consultant, Sunnyvale, California condensate polishing applications.
Systems References, published in the US
and in Europe, report that macro
porous resin, have proven field
performance in crud filtration. An
important, and probably most
easily implemented application
would be to install weak acid
exchangers ahead of conventional
mixed bed polishers. Ammonium
ions will be removed efficiently and
economically. These resins
regenerate with an amount of acid
equivalent to their actual loading.
Equally important, the acid need
not be pure or even concentrated.
Waste acid from the strong acid
resin regeneration can be used.
Pretreatment with weak acid resin
will improve overall system
reliability and increase operating
efficiency. Since background
ammonium will be removed, the
mixed bed is assured to have high
capacity for sodium in the event of
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a serious condenser leak.
Frequency of complicated and time
consuming mixed bed
regeneration and resin transfer will
be minimized. _x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
SUMMARY ed_x000D_
An understanding of the practical
application of ion exchange
systems requires an overview of
the applicable government
regulations and the radwaste
stream chemistries The processing
of mixed radwaste has received a
relatively low priority in regard to
efficient process design and
operation. The result has been the
non-use or poor use of in-plant
systems. Rapidly changing
regulations and the utilities’
relatively slow ability to initiate
capital projects resulted in the
mobile service approach to
radwaste processing. Ion
exchange processing of the mixed
radwaste met the problems of the
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IWC-83-42 Report
Page 2878 of 5199 01/27/2018

Ion Exchange of Mixed GREGORY R. ALLAN, Consultant, Bellevue, Washington An understanding of the practical
Radwaste application of ion exchange
systems requires an overview of
the applicable government
regulations and the radwaste
stream chemistries The processing
of mixed radwaste has received a
relatively low priority in regard to
efficient process design and
operation. The result has been the
non-use or poor use of in-plant
systems. Rapidly changing
regulations and the utilities’
relatively slow ability to initiate
capital projects resulted in the
mobile service approach to
radwaste processing. Ion
exchange processing of the mixed
radwaste met the problems of the
utilities. The tightening of
regulations and competition
between vendors has led to orders
of magnitude increase in the
efficiency of mixed radwaste
processing by ion ex
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IWC-83-43 Report
IWC-83-44 Report
Page 2881 of 5199 01/27/2018

Application of TOC ROBERT J. JOYCE, YOSHIHIRO TAKAHASHI, Dohrmann Division of Xertex Providing properly treated water
Analyzer to the ppb-Level Corporation, Santa Clara, California, LOUIS F. WIRTH, Consultant, Midland, for the operation of thermal power
Measurement of CO2 Michigan systems is a continuing challenge.
Trapped in Ammoniated When using All Volatile Treatment,
Steam Condensate AVT, carbon dioxide
contamination, which can come
from air and cooling water
inleakage, causes some special
problems. This progress report
describes, briefly, the nature of
these problems and shows how a
high sensitivity total organic
carbon, T0C, analyzer can be used
to measure carbon dioxide directly
at the ppb level. The procedures
for correct sampling are discussed.
A set of results for inorganic and
organic carbon from samples
taken round the steam cycle are
given.
Organic Acids in Steam W. ARTHUR BYERS, S. L. ANDERSON, W. M. HICKAM, Westinghouse A program has begun to identify
Condensate by Ion Research & Development Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania organic impurities which are
Exclusion typically found in steam power
Chromatography plants and to evaluate their role in
power plant chemistry. In the initial
phase of this work, we have
concentrated on the determination
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IWC-83-45 Report
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of organic acids such as formic
acid and acetic acid by ion
chromatography because of their
known aggressiveness in
corrosion, their influence on cation
conductivity, their tendency to be
collected on demineralizer resins,
and literature reports of their
presence in steam/ condensate
cycles Acetic acid was a major
contributor to cation conductivity.
A Rapid Method for LINDA YOUNG-BANDALA, Dearborn Chemical Company, Lake Zurich, Illinois, The previous methods of
Monitoring Microbial RALPH J. KAJDASZ, Dearborn Chemical Company, Nashville, Tennessee monitoring microbial fouling
Fouling in Industrial required the slow growth of the
Cooling Water Systems organisms in a system other than
their own natural environment. The
new rapid method is based upon
the luciferase assay for ATP
extracted from living organisms by
a lysing agent and extracting
agent. This method reacts equally
well to all types of living organisms
and gives quantitative results in
approximately twenty minutes. The
typical ATP assay consists of four
steps: _x000D_
1. concentrating microorganisms
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IWC-83-46 Report
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on a glass fiber filter _x000D_
2. lysing the cells with a suitable
lysing agent _x000D_
3. extracting the ATP from the filter
with a suitable extracting agent
_x000D_
4. adding the ATP extract to the
luciferin-luciferase enzyme system
in a test tube and recording the
photons of light with a photometer.
The quantity of light emitted is
correlated to the ATP
concentration by a standard curve.
Four case histories are discussed
where this method was used to
evaluate microbiological control
programs.
Thermal Degradation of MICHAEL C. GOTTLIEB, ResinTech Inc., Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Strongly Basic Anion
Exchange Resins in
Caustic Regenerants
Field Experience with a KENNETH J. KOZELSKI, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Camden, South Biological fouling can be separated
Simple Cooling Water Carolina into two categories: microfouling,
Biofilm Monitoring Device which involved development of an
organic film and subsequent
growth of that film on a surface,
and macrofouling, which covers
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IWC-83-47 Report
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deposition of relatively large,
discrete organisms such as
barnacles. This paper deals strictly
with the microfouling commonly
found in both once-through and
recirculating cooling water systems
and reviews methods of monitoring
and controlling microfouling. An
on-line simple biofilm monitor,
SBFM, is described which
measures the increase in friction
factor in a calibrated pipe section
which is related to the loss in heat
transfer efficiency. A number of
case studies were discussed
indicating that the SBFM was a
useful long term monitor
supplementing chemistry controls.
Analysis of Calcium and GERHARD A. MEYER, ROBERT R. FRABLE, Dow Chemical, U.S.A., Midland, In chemical streams having high
Magnesium in Effluents Michigan levels of total dissolved solids,
Containing High Salt TDS, most of the present analytical
Levels by Emission methods are not suitable due to
Spectroscopy extensive drift in the case of the
ion specific electrode, and lack of
sensitivity in the case of the EDTA
titration. A device incorporating a
high temperature excitation source
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IWC-83-48 Report
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and a method of introducing the
solution into the source is the
inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometer, ICP-OES.
This report documents satisfactory
low level analysis of calcium and
magnesium in high TDS solutions.
Performing this analysis in
conjunction with operating an ion
exchange column facilitates rapid
characterization of the exhaustion
of resins used for softening high
TDS waters. In addition the
installation of such an instrument
on-line offers total automation of
resin exhaustion data. When used
in conjunction with resin
regeneration, analysis of calcium
and magnesium in the column
effluent can help determine when
the bed has been sufficiently
regenerated.
A New Dissolved JOHN M. HALE, Orbisphere Laboratories, Geneva, Switzerland This contribution concerns the
Hydrogen Detector development of a polarographic
dissolved hydrogen analyzer for in
line process control. The sensor is
a membrane isolated
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IWC-83-49 Report
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electrochemical cell, similar to the
Clark-type oxygen sensor,
consisting of a bright platinum
anode at which hydrogen is
oxidized to protons, a silver/silver
chloride cathode, an acidified
electrolyte, and a hydrogen
permeable membrane. A current is
generated, when this sensor is
appropriately polarized by an
applied voltage, which is linearly
proportional at constant
temperature to the dissolved
hydrogen partial pressure present
in a water sample contacting the
membrane. The sensor can be
used for gaseous and liquid
hydrogen determination and in-line
process control.
A New Aminic Volatile MARCELLO BARTOLETTI, R. Dona, S.P.A., Milan, Italy A problem on the use of hydrazine
Deoxidizing Conditioning is that it has been classified by the
Product Alternative to American Conference of
Hydrazine Governmental Industrial Hygienists
as a suspected potential
carcinogen. a new volatile
conditioning agent has been
developed which is absolutely
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IWC-84-02 Paper
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hydrazine-free, based on a amine
ethanolamine, and which is
capable of maintaining very high
alkalizing and deoxygenating
characteristics. Two case histories
are discussed on boiler feedwater
treatment
Suggested Guidelines for THOMAS E. GALE, Ashland Petroleum Company, Ashland, Kentucky, JESSE All or part of cooling water systems
Laying Up Idle Equipment BEECHER, Drew Chemical Corporation, Boonton, New Jersey may require lay up during
in Cooling Systems scheduled or unscheduled
shutdown for periods ranging from
several weeks to several months
or more. Improper handling of
water cooled equipment during
these periods can result in
corrosion problems during the
shutdown periods and additional
problems when the equipment is
returned to service. Adequate
preplanning is needed before lay
up is scheduled. Suggested
procedures have been proposed
for cleaning and passivating the
water side of cool ing equipment
before shutdown, plus suggested
procedures for laying up the
equipment wet or dry during
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IWC-84-06 Paper
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nonfreezing and freezing
conditions. The various chemicals
that can be used for cleaning,
passivation and lay up are
discussed. Adequate safety
precautions must be observed in
handling chemicals. Special
arrangements may be needed for
disposing of lay up solutions.
Proper start-up procedures must
be followed after lay up.
Suggested Guidelines for DAVID E. SIMON, II, NUS Corporation-PEC Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Laying Up Idle Equipment
in Cooling Systems
Computer-Aided Power LEYON O. BRESTEL, DUANE K. NELSON, Colorado-Ute Electric Association, The chemistry of power station
Plant Chemistry Montrose, Colorado systems is monitored through a
Evaluation comprehensive menu driven
computerized chemistry evaluation
program. The program reduces
analytical and process monitoring
data to on-line or hard-copy color
graphics plots for trend analysis
and conformance to critical
operating parameters for boiler,
condensate/feedwater, cooling
towers, flue gas scrubber and
miscellaneous water systems.
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IWC-84-112 Paper
IWC-93-48D Report
IWC-84-09 Report
Page 2905 of 5199 01/27/2018

miscellaneous water systems.
Computer-Aided Power DON GOLDSTROHM, Salt River Project, Coronado Generating Station, St.
Plant Chemistry Johns, Arizona
Evaluation
Examples of Groundwater CHRISTOPHER R. RYAN, Geo-Con, Incorporated, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Two methods to contain stored
Containment Strategies industrial liquids and to protect
New and Remedial Work sources of clean ground water and
wastewater are discussed.
Synthetic and clay liners are used
for new facilities while slurry cut-off
walls are used to contain existing
dumps and spills. Case studies are
used to illustrate each technique,
including a large utility flyash
disposal pool with bentonite slurry
cut-off walls and a dye plant
wastewater pool with a synthetic
membrane liner.
Improvements in On-Line MARYANN CLICK, GPU Nuclear, Reading, Pennsylvania
Ion Chromatography
Qualification of Analytical JAMES K. RICE, Consulting Engineer, Olney, Maryland, RAY F. MADDALONE, The Electric Power Research
Methods for Monitoring Energy Technology Division, TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, California,, WINSTON Institute, has begun a $1.3 million
Steam Electric Power CHOW, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California program to establish in a scientific
Plant Aqueous Discharges manner the single operator and
multiple laboratory operational
(inter—laboratory) precision and
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IWC-84-10 Report
Page 2908 of 5199 01/27/2018

bias of selected analytical
procedures approved by EPA for
compliance monitoring of regulated
pollutants in the industry’s
aqueous discharges. Matrices
representative of principal industry
effluents will be tested by a
minimum of thirty laboratories on
each, and at concentrations close
to those embodied in the National
Water Quality Criteria. Limits of
detection (LOD) and limits of
quantification (LOQ) will be
determined based on the precision
and bias data. This large and
comprehensive methods
qualification program when
completed will enable the industry
to know what level of confidence it
can place in its measurement of
the concentrations of priority
pollutant elements in its aqueous
discharges.
Magnetic Water Treatment KENNETH W. BUSCH, MARIANNA A. BUSCH, DEBORAH PARKER, RALPH An experimental study sponsored
Devices - The Results of a E. DARLING, JAMES L. McATEE, JR. Baylor University, Waco, Texas bt the American Petroeum Industry
University Study aimed at evaluating the claims that
magnetic water treatment devices
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IWC-84-103 Paper
Page 2911 of 5199 01/27/2018

produce an antiscaling effect has
been conducted. A laboratory test
rig has been designed to permit
processing of carefully prepared
laboratory solutions and measure
currents and voltages generated in
the magnetic devices. The results
of experiments conducted with this
rig will be presented. Various
plausible mechanisms for the
claimed antiscaling effect are
discussed.
The Hydraulic Properties FRANK X. McGARVEY, E. W. HAUSER, B. KIEFER, Sybron Chemicals, Inc., Pressure drop and backwash
of Ion Exchange Resins Birmingham, New Jersey expansion have been measured as
a function of particle size, void
volume, and temperature for
commercially available anion and
cation exchange resins in single
and in mixed beds. The results
have been correlated by standard
engineering methods to give
relationships which can be used to
predict pressure drop and
fluidization values over a wide
range of conditions.
The Hydraulic Properties SALLIE FISHER, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, Pennsylvania
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IWC-84-104 Report
IWC-84-105 Paper
Page 2914 of 5199 01/27/2018

Computer Modeling of RORY R. MUSIL, HUGO J. NIELSEN, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, The progress report discusses the
Cooling Water Chemistry Illinois theoretical development and the
plant applications of a computer
program designed to accurately
simulate circulating water
chemistry and also predict the
potential for scale. The program
determines the solubilities of
various compounds by
simultaneously solving chemical
equilibrium relationships using
Pitzers activity equation. Typical
applications sre calcium carbonate
and calcium sulfate scale control.
Makeup Demineralization HUGH H. HARPER, JR., DAVID L. DRUMMONDS, Southern Company This paper reports the experience
with an Organic Services, Inc., Birmingham, Alabama and activities associated with the
Scavenger/Monobed design, procurement, construction,
System startup and operation of the
makeup demineralizer at Plant
Victor J. Daniel of Mississippi
Power Company. The system uses
an organic scavenger followed by
a weak resin mixed bed and a
strong resin mixed bed, This
demineralizer system was selected
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IWC-84-108 Paper
Page 2917 of 5199 01/27/2018

demineralizer system was selected
not only for its ability to remove
organics effectively but also
because resin inventory,
regenerant consumption and
waste production, number of
exchangers and building space
requirements would be less. After
startup in l976 the organic
scavenger demonstrated value in
preventing organic fouling the
mixed beds. Problems
encountered and solved during
startup and operation included flow
restrictions, organic overload: and
mixed bed resin un-mixing after
regeneration.The report includes
analyses of resin performance,
condition and organic removal
showing that the system has
produced expected effluent
Makeup Demineralization GEORGE J. CRITS, Cochrane Environmental Systems, Crane Co., King of
with an Organic Prussia, Pennsylvania
Scavenger/Monobed
System
An Automatic Instrument DOUGLAS K. BENDER, C. M. FINLEY, Rohrback Cosasco Systems, Santa Fe An instrument has been developed
for Measuring Scale Springs, California which measures electronically the
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IWC-84-109 Paper
Page 2920 of 5199 01/27/2018

Growth in Cooling Water scaling rate on a heated test
Systems surface by differential thermal
measurements. The technique is
more sensitive than similar
methods that rely on visual
indication of scale growth. The
instrument detects deposited films
which are not visible to the eye.
Examples of its use will be given.
An Automatic Instrument RAY BAUM, Craft Products Company, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
for Measuring Scale
Growth in Cooling Water
Systems
Studies of Two-Phase M. J. FOUNTAIN, G. S. HARRISON, D. PENFOLD, J. C. GREENE, M. A. An electrically heated full-scale
Erosion-Corrosion Using WALKER, Central Electricity Generating Board, Manchester, England experimental boiler has been used
the C.E.G.B. N. W. Region to study two-phase erosion-
Boiler Rig corrosion at bends. Hydrodynamic
and chemical influences were
monitored using Thin Layer
Activation and Ultrasonic
techniques. From this work, dosing
of 2-amino-2-methyl-propan-1-01,
AMP, as an inhibitor has been
implemented at a Magnox Power
Station.
Studies of Two-Phase F. J. POCOCK, N. J. MRAVICH, W. E. ALLMON, Babcock & Wilcox, Alliance
Erosion-Corrosion Using Research Center, Research and Development Division, Alliance, Ohio
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IWC-84-113 Report
IWC-84-114 Report
Page 2923 of 5199 01/27/2018

the C.E.G.B. N. W. Region
Boiler Rig
PWR Secondary Water C. S. WELTY, JR., S. J. GREEN, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, In 1981 the Steam Generator
Chemistry Guidelines: California Owners Group issued Secondary
Revision 1 Water Chemistry guidelines to
minimize steam generator
corrosion damage and increase
PWR availability. Based on utility
experience in using the guidelines
and on new laboratory information,
the guidelines have been recently
updated and revised in August
1984. The revisions include
guidance on management and
implementation, clearer action
level responses, the addition of
sulfate as a control parameter and
cation conductivity as a diagnostic
parameter, revised Guidelines for
wet layup, plant heatup, and low
power startup cleanup phases and
boric acid treatment as a remedial
action for denting.
Water Chemistry WARREN J. BILANIN, ROBIN L. JONES, CHARLES S. WELTY, JR., Electric BWR Water Chemistry Guidelines
Guidelines for BWRS Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California have been prepared as a guidance
to control BWR water chemistry.
Therefore, implementation of the
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Page 2926 of 5199 01/27/2018

Therefore, implementation of the
Guidelines would maximize long
term integrity and availability of
BWR plants. Utilities should
remain cognizant of the Hydrogen
Water Chemistry technology, and,
as additional results become
available, consider whether
implementation in combination with
tight limits on ionic impurities is a
viable and economically feasible
way of achieving immunity to
IGSCC._x000D_
The Guidelines urge the
recognition of the dangers of off-
normal chemistry; the advantages
of limiting the magnitude and the
duration of off-normal chemistry;
the need to achieve good
chemistry control and how to
institute it. These BWR Water
Chemistry Guidelines, developed
by the BWR Owners Group and
EPRI, are achievable. They
provide a sound basis for specific
BWR application and their
implementation is encouraged.
Page 2927 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 2928 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-84-115 Report
IWC-84-116 Report
Page 2929 of 5199 01/27/2018

Boiler and Feedwater K. TITTLE, Central Electricity Generating Board, Manchester, England The C.E.G.B. has developed
Standards in Fossil and guidelines for quality control of
Nuclear Plant Operated by boiler and feedwater in Fossil
the C.E.G.B. Fuelled and Nuclear Power Plants.
The standards are concerned with
steady, high load operation but
also advise on 2-shift operation.
Guidance is given on water/steam
sampling and frequency and
methods of analysis and primary
and secondary targets in Drum-
type, Magnox and once-through
Supercritical, and once–through
AGR boilers..
VGB Guidelines on Boiler DR. ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim AG, Mannheim, Federal VGB Guidelines specify the quality
Feedwater, Boiler Water Republic of Germany requirements which guaranty a
and Steam of Water-Tube smooth continuous plant operation
Boilers when properly compiled with not
only with respect to high-pressure
boilers, but also for steam turbines.
The history and development of
the Guidelines is summarized The
present Guidelines are
acknowledged in most of the
European countries and are used
in many countries outside Europe
as working basis. Also discussed
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IWC-84-13 Report
IWC-84-15 Paper
Page 2932 of 5199 01/27/2018

is trend to zero-solids feedwater
with conditioning by alkalizing
agents or oxidants.
Colorimetric Determination DANIAL L. HARP, Hach Company, Loveland, Colorado Benzotriazole of tolyltriazole
of Trace Benzotriazole or function in many applications as
Tolyltriazole corrosion inhibitors for copper and
copper alloys. A simple
colorimetric analytical method has
been developed to monitor these
residuals in water after a
photochemical decomposition.
Interferences are minimal and the
test has been successfully
employed for on-site
determinations at recirculating
cooling water systems.
Process and Control CHERYL O. MALHIET, Cajun Electric Power Cooperative, Baton Rouge, System design philosophy should
Modifications of a Make- Louisiana, HENRY BYDALEK, Ebasco Services, Inc., Norcross, Georgia take a unified approach which
Up Demineralizer System considers end-use needs and the
users’ capabilities in terms of
manpower for operation and
maintenance while developing a
reliable and dependable system.
This paper describes system
modifications to a makeup
demineralizer including upgrading
the counterflow regeneration
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IWC-84-18 Paper
Page 2935 of 5199 01/27/2018

operation and replacement of the
computer control system with a
programmable controller to
achieve reliable and dependable
system operation. Operating data
will be presented to show what can
be attained with attention to proper
design.
Process and Control ROGER A. GUTTSCHALL, Belco Pollution Control Corporation, Parsippany,
Modifications of a Make- New Jersey
Up Demineralizer System
Sewer Plant Effluent - A NORMAN D. FAHRER, ChemTreat, Inc., Ashland, Virginia, SHULER W. This paper presents operating data
Usable Source of Cooling MASSEY, Vero Beach Utilities, Vero Beach, Florida from the Vero Beach, FL power
Tower Makeup for Power plant, which has operated
Plant Operations continuously since 1975 using
sewerage treatment plant effluent
as the sole cooling water makeup
water source. The paper traces the
history of the cooling tower water
treatment programs, and
concludes that effluent water is an
economical and valuable resource
for tower makeup.
Sewer Plant Effluent - A G. W. SCHWEITZER, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Usable Source of Cooling
Tower Makeup for Power
Plant Operations
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IWC-84-20 Report
IWC-84-21 Report
Page 2938 of 5199 01/27/2018

Plant Operations
Effective Condensate M. LINDA LIN, BRIAN V. JENKINS, Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, This paper covers the
System Analysis through Illinois development of computer
Computer Modeling simulation for troubleshooting and
optimization of condensate
systems. It includes laboratory
determination of vapor/liquid
distribution ratios, amine
neutralization chemistry, modeling
methodology, and optimization of
treatment. Particular emphasis is
given to field case histories to
establish the validity and usage of
this new tool. These included
corrosion protection with amine
blends, energy savings in a
refinery using condensate return,
condensate treatment in a paper
mill, and a satellite feed on
neutralizing amine to an isolated
system in a chemical plant.
Sulfite Degradation and MARK BRAYDEN, HAROLD CHAGNARD, HAYES BARNETT, REUBEN The measurement of degradation
Apparent Turbine Rotor BARBER, Dow Chemical, U.S.A., Plaquemine, Louisiana products of sodium sulfite, used as
Corrosion a boiler oxygen scavenger, in
steam has been demonstrated
using Inductively Coupled Argon
Plasma/Atomic Emission
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IWC-84-23 Report
IWC-84-26 Paper
Page 2941 of 5199 01/27/2018

Spectroscopy. The analytical
method and extent of sulfite
degradation in a 1400 psig boiler
will be presented. Also, pitting and
stress corrosion cracking damage
to a turbine rotor at the Wilson line,
apparently caused by these
breakdown products, will be
shown.
Design and Operation of C. PALMER, Cotter Corporation, Lakewood, Colorado, A. HIMSLEY, J. A. To meet environmental
Continuous Ion Exchange BENNETT, Himsley Engineering Ltd., Toronto, Canada regulations, a mine ground water
Process for Treating containing a few ppm uranium is
Uranium Mine Water treated to produce an effluent
containing less than 10 ppb before
discharging to a surface supply.
This is achieved employing a
continuous moving packed bed ion
exchange system which produces
an eluate of 15 grams U/liter
showing a concentration factor of
4,000 and a uranium recovery of
99.9%
Hydroperm Lime Softening LORNE GRAMMS, Urban Systems, Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, DANIEL A cross flow microfiltration solids
- A Case History COMSTOCK, DOUGLAS HAGEN, Neptune Microfloc, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon liquid separation unit using a
dynamic membrane on
microporous filter tube bundle
modules was installed in the Town
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IWC-84-33 Report
Page 2944 of 5199 01/27/2018

of Nanton, Alberta Canada. The
system technology substitutes a
single unit process unit for lime
softening including clarification,
filtration, softening, and sludge
thickening. The paper discusses
operation data generated during
the initial phases of operation and
the advantages compared with
conventional softeners..
Hydroperm Lime Softening ROBERT FROESE, PETWA Canada Ltd., Calgary, Canada
- A Case History
Four Years Operating JIM W. SMITH, Shell Oil, Company, Norco, Louisiana, M. B. YELIGAR, Permutit This paper describes operating
Experience with a 3,000 Company, Inc., Paramus, New Jersey, DAN M. SETARO, Betz Laboratories, experiences with a 4 train
GPM Counterflow Make- Metairie, Louisiana demineralization system,
Up Demineralization consisting of counterflow cation,
System Treating co-flow weak base, strong base
Mississippi River Water and mixed bed polishers.
Operation is at an average flow of
900 GPM per train. Effluent quality
is 0.3 to 1.3 mmho and 0.01 to
0.02 mg/l silica prior to mixed bed
polishers. Operating data includes
rinse characteristics of the anion
resins for their contribution to the
sodium content of the strong acid
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IWC-84-35 Paper
IWC-84-39 Paper
Page 2947 of 5199 01/27/2018

sodium content of the strong acid
cation effluent.
A Program for Review and TIMOTHY E. KEISTER, Brockway, Inc., Brockway, Pennsylvania Proper chemical treatment of
Selection of Water industrial cooling and boiler waters
Treatment Suppliers is required to prevent equipment
deterioration and thermal efficiency
loss, control the cost of operation
while maintaining environmental
compliance. This paper presents
the program for periodic review
and selection of water treatment
chemical suppliers. The program
utilizes a combination of plant-site
audits, chemical supplier data
submittal, and a selection matrix.
A Program for Review and JOHN C. PETERSON, Wright Chemical Corporation, Greensboro, North
Selection of Water Carolina
Treatment Suppliers
Field Experiences with I. R. GIBSON, Industrial Water Management, Pty., Johannesburg, South Africa, Sulphonated styrene copolymers
Sulphonated Styrene C. M. HWA, Dearborn Chemical Company, Lake Zurich, Illinois have a high success rate in
Copolymers for On-Line removing boiler scale composed
Boiler Descaling in South primarily of calcium carbonate and.
Africa Where scales are composed
principally of calcium phosphate,
hydroxyapatite, high
concentrations assisted by the
maximum permissible hydroxide
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IWC-84-42 Report
IWC-84-43 Paper
Page 2950 of 5199 01/27/2018

maximum permissible hydroxide
alkalinity are required. Calcium
silicate and iron scales were
extremely difficult to remove. Four
case histories of descaling on-line
are discussed
Field Experiences with J. FRED WILKES, Consulting Chemical Engineer, Titusville, Florida
Sulphonated Styrene
Copolymers for On-Line
Boiler Descaling in South
Africa
Progress in the Detection JOHN F. LONGO, Graver Chemical Division of the Graver Company, Union, Data on powdered resin leakage
and Elimination of New Jersey show the major cause to be the
Powdered Resin Leakage precoat demineralizer retaining
from Condensate elements or the element/tube
Polishing Systems sheet interface. This report looks
at recent designs for preventing
leakage. Simple methods for
detecting powdered resin leakage
with on-line and off-line filter units
are given.
Evaluation of Uniform JACK B. PRENTISS, Central Power and Light Company, Corpus Christi, Texas, Recent advancements in ion
Mesh Ion Exchange MICHAEL D. MAYNE, Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, exchange manufacturing
Resins for Condensate techniques have produced resin
Polishing that has a 95% single screen
particle size distribution.
Laboratory studies have shown
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IWC-84-44 Report
Page 2953 of 5199 01/27/2018

that uniform mesh resin will have
several operational advantages
over resins with a conventional
Gaussian size distribution. Among
these advantages are better
separation characteristics and
faster kinetics. The purpose of this
study was to evaluate the
performance improvements of this
resin in an industrial condensate
polishing system.
Evaluation of Uniform FRANCES M. CUTLER, Southern California Edison, Paramount, California
Mesh Ion Exchange
Resins for Condensate
Polishing
Design and Operation of a BOB ROSAIN, CHET MORTON, CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Washington VOC Contamination in the City of
3,500-Gpm Air Stripping Tacoma’s major aquifer by TCE,
System for VOC Removal PCE and others led to the
installation of a 3500 gpm packed
tower air stripping system. This 6-
month fast-track project included
hydrogeological modeling,
engineering feasibility studies, a
lab-scale pilot program, final
engineering design, construction,
and startup. The system removed
95% of the input VOC to provide a
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IWC-84-49 Paper
IWC-84-50 Report
Page 2956 of 5199 01/27/2018

safe source of drinking water.
Biocontrol - Key to Heat JACK L. FREUND, JR. Midwest Solvents Company, Inc., Atchison, Kansas , A case history of the successful
Exchanger Efficiency in JAMES M. BOOKER JR., WILLIAM J. WARD, Midland Research Laboratories, control of a persistent biological
Grain Alcohol Plant Lenexa, Kansas slime problem ln heat exchangers
in a grain alcohol processing plant.
A 50-75% reduction in bioslime-
caused outages was achieved
using chlorine dioxide as the key
element in a new water treatment
program which substantially
improved corrosion control, and
also scale and deposit control in all
treated systems.
Biocontrol - Key to Heat KENNETH J. KOZELSKI, E.I. du Pont, Camden, South Carolina
Exchanger Efficiency in
Grain Alcohol Plant
Efficacy and AMANDA K. MEITZ, Mogul Corporation, Chagrin Falls, Ohio A biocide which kills microbes in
Decomposition of DBNPA the cooling tower quickly and
in Two Cooling Systems decomposes hydrolytically to less
toxic products before discharge is
ideal in meeting National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System
requirements Two cooling
systems were dosed with the
biocide 2,2-dibromo-3-
nitrilopropionide, DBNPA.
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IWC-84-53 Paper
Page 2959 of 5199 01/27/2018

Microbial plate numbers decreased
three orders of magnitude in 30
minutes while DBNPA was
undetectable after two hours. The
short contact time and rapid
hydrolysis make DBNPA a
convenient biocide for systems
that must meet NPDES permits.
Electrodialysis Reversal MIKE MANSOURI, Amoco Chemicals Corporation, Alvin, Texas Two years of operating experience
Unit Used as Pre- on a brackish water source at a
Demineralizer in Boiler polymer chemical plant at
Feedwater Treatment Chocolate Bayou, Texas with an
Electrodialyis Reversal, EDR, unit
is presented. Improvement in
water quality has increased
makeup demineralizer capacity
between regeneration by 500%.
The economics of EDR roughing
demineralization as well as
operating data on pretreatment,
water recovery, desalination ratio,
electrical power consumption,
chemical cleaning frequency and
operation and maintenance
requirements are discussed.
Product water quality is correlated
to feed
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IWC-84-54 Report
Page 2962 of 5199 01/27/2018

Electrodialysis Reversal EDWARD P. GEISHECKER, Ionics Incorporated, Watertown, Massachusetts
Unit Used as Pre-
Demineralizer in Boiler
Feedwater Treatment
Trace Element Removal DOUGLAS T. MERRILL, Brown and Caldwell, Walnut Creek, California, Trace elements, including arsenic,
by WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, selenium, cadmium, lead, silver,
Adsorption/Coprecipitation JAMES O. LECKIE, Stanford University, Stanford, California chromium, copper, zinc, and
on Amorphous Iron vanadium can be removed from
Oxyhydroxide power plant waste streams by
adsorption/coprecipitation on
amorphous iron oxyhydroxide. The
degree of removal is determined
by the trace element oxidation
state and concentration, iron
dosage, pH, and general solution
composition. The process is
adaptable to different flowsheets
and is relatively simple to control.
Ash pond waters are the major
sources of trace element
discharges from coal-fired power
plants, and arsenic and selenium
are among the most troublesome
trace elements. Laboratory work
and desktop studies have
indicated that iron treatment is the
most cost effective method of
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IWC-84-56 Report
Page 2965 of 5199 01/27/2018

removing As(III), AS(V), and
Se(IV) from ash pond waters.
Se(VI) is not efficiently removed;
fortunately, its concentration
generally is small relative to that of
Se(IV). Field studies will be
conducted at pilot scale in late
1984, using a 30 gpm continuous
flow system. The field studies will
provide data for the sizing and
costing of fullscale iron treatment
systems.
Pilot Plant Study to Treat KEN CHEN, KEN L. OGLE, ROBERT D. MOSS,Tennessee Valley Authority, Thirteen trace metals were
Priority Pollutants in Coal Chattanooga, Tennessee designated as priority pollutants in
Pile Drainage the Clean Water Act Amendments
of 1977. Nine inorganic priority
pollutants are found in the coal pile
drainage, CPD. They are arsenic
(As), beryllium (Be), cadmium
(Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu),
lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), selenium
(Se), and zinc (Zn). The
Tennessee Valley Authority
constructed a mobile pilot plant
using a chemical precipitation
process that employs a
combination of limestone and lime
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IWC-84-60 Paper
Page 2968 of 5199 01/27/2018

for pH adjustment The combination
treatment uses the desirable
characteristics of lime for high pH
adjustment and limestone for low
cost and low sludge volume.
_x000D_
The pilot plant study to remove
inorganic priority pollutants from
the actual CPD was carried out at
the Colbert Steam Plant. The
primary objectives of the pilot plant
study were: (1) to determine the
removal efficiency of priority
pollutants from CPD by the
chemical precipitation process; (2)
assess the available sludge
dewatering methods for reducing
the sludge volumes for disposal
and (3) to evaluate the economics
of the treatment process and
develop the capital operating costs
for the full-scale plants
Biocidal Efficacy with RALPH J. KAJDASZ, R. V. EINSTMAN, Dearborn Chemical Company, A new bioluminescent counting
Respect to Sessile and Nashville, Tennessee, LINDA YOUNG-BANDALA, Dearborn Chemical method has been developed which
Planktonic Organisms Company, Lake Zurich, Illinois uses Adenosine Triphosphate,
ATP, methodology to determine
the optimum biocidal choice for
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IWC-84-70 Report
Page 2971 of 5199 01/27/2018

both planktonic (floating) and
sessile (attached) bacteria in
recirculating cooling water
systems. This method is valid for
all organisms and its use results in
improved microbiological control
and reduced treatments costs. The
efficacy of nine biocides is ranked
but varies between planktonic and
sessile organisms, and also
between cooling systems. Case
studies are reported for a brewery
pasteurizer system, an oil refinery
cooling system, and an air wash
system at a food packaging plant.
"Extractables" in New SALLIE A. FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, Pennsylvania Results from the three basic types
Resins: a Critical Look at of extraction tests: soaking,
the How, What and Why of column elution and high
their Measurement temperature leaching, are
compared with a view to evaluating
their utility in judging resin
acceptability for nuclear service.
The old tests for leachates based
on evaporated residue are no
longer useful. Soluble leachates
increase with storage time. Ion
chromatography can identify ionic
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IWC-84-71 Report
IWC-84-73 Paper
Page 2974 of 5199 01/27/2018

components of the leachate, but
more worki required to develop a
new specific extractable protocol. .
Reduction of Condensate BENJAMIN NONAKA, DALE LIAO, Department of Water and Power, City of Los The use of powdered ion
Cleanup Time for Angeles, Long Beach, California exchange resin media instead of
Supercritical Units wood cellulose fibrous precoat
media on the condensate precoat
filter system resulted in a
substantial reduction of
condensate clean-up time for start-
ups of supercritical steam
generator. This paper discusses
the test program and results.
Cationic Polyelectrolyte DAVID I. DEVORE, Betz Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, Pennsylvania At polymer dosages which
Fouling of Cation significantly exceeded demand,
Exchange Resins free cationic polyelectrolyte
molecules were found in
pretreated river water samples,
and can bind to strong acid cation
exchange resin. Polymer resin
fouling was dependent on the
molecular properties of the
particular polyelectrolyte and the
the adsorbed polymer’s location on
the resin: Type I polymer entered
the resin matrix, whereas Type II
adsorbed only on the resin
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IWC-84-76 Paper
Page 2977 of 5199 01/27/2018

surfaces._x000D_
Regeneration of resin fouled by
Type I polymer with 4% HC1
restored the resin to 90% of its
initial capacities. Resin fouled by
Type II polymer was not
completely regenerated with acid,
but can be satisfactorily restored
with hot caustic. Problems can
occur regardless of the type of
polymer product used in the
clarification process Therefore,
selection of a polymer for a
particular water treatment system
should not be based on its relative
tendency to cause resin fouling
problems. The way to resolve
potential resin fouling problems is
to maintain careful control of
polymer feedrate. This will ensure
that no excess polymer is available
to foul the cation exchangers.
Cationic Polyelectrolyte WILLIAM L. McCULLEN, Rohm and Haas Research Laboratories, Spring House,
Fouling of Cation Pennsylvania
Exchange Resins
Application of Innovative PETER S. CARTWRIGHT, C3 International, Inc., Roseville, Minnesota Innovative water treatment
Technologies to Reclaim technologies as reverse osmosis,
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IWC-84-80 Paper
Page 2980 of 5199 01/27/2018

Technologies to Reclaim technologies as reverse osmosis,
High Quality Semi- ultrafiltration, deionization, carbon
conductor Rinse Waters absorption & UV irradiation are
described in this case history of
rinse water reclamation in a thin
film semi-conductor device
manufacturing facility. The total
system is broken into 3
components; make-up water
purification, rinse system
reclamation & waste treatment.
Application of Innovative GIL K. DHAWAN, Applied Membranes, San Diego, California
Technologies to Reclaim
High Quality Semi-
conductor Rinse Waters
An Artificial Intelligence JAMES C. BELLOWS, Westinghouse Steam Turbine-Generator Division, An artificial intelligence based
Chemistry Diagnostic Orlando, Florida diagnostic system is described for
System diagnosis of chemical upsets in a
fossil once—through boiler system.
Artificial intelligence techniques
allow the development of flexible
diagnostic systems which can
contain plant specific information
aid which are useful even when
some of the input data are missing.
These systems allow the capability
of people experienced in steam
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Page 2983 of 5199 01/27/2018

system chemistry to be available to
the plant chemist and operator 24
hours per day. The diagnostic
system described here is driven by
5 from on—line sensors; it
validates the sensor data, and can
remove the output of a sensor from
consideration if the sensor is
malfunctioning; it diagnoses
causes of system chemical upsets,
including evaluation of the quality
of the diagnosis; and it suggests
actions. The diagnostic system is
capable of determining what
additional data may be important,
and accepting those data in a
manual mode, if necessary. Thus,
the diagnostic system,
incorporating the knowledge of
experienced chemist can provide
an operator with information so
that he may make intelligent
decisions on how to operate his
equipment.
An Artificial Intelligence JAMES C. BELLOWS, Westinghouse Steam Turbine-Generator Division,
Chemistry Diagnostic Orlando, Florida
System
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IWC-84-81 Paper
IWC-84-86 Paper
Page 2986 of 5199 01/27/2018

An Artificial Intelligence JAMES K. RICE, PE, Consulting Engineer, Olney, Maryland

Chemistry Diagnostic
System
The Westinghouse WILLIAM M. HICKAM, P. K. LEE, W. E. SNYDER, Westinghouse R&D Center, Theoretical and operational
Oxygen Probe - A New Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania principles of a high-temperature
Monitor for Steam oxygen probe, which has been
used for combustion control in
fossil-fuel power plants, are
extensively evaluated and tested
for monitoring the oxidation-
reduction characteristics of steam
and vacuum atmospheres. The
implications of the resulting data to
corrosion and metal transport in
power plants is discussed.
The Westinghouse EWING EVANS, City of Austin, Austin, Texas
Oxygen Probe - A New
Monitor for Steam
Comparison of New FREDERICK J. POCOCK, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance, Ohio
Zealand and United States
Practices for Fossil Plant
Cycle Chemistry
50 Years in Separate Beds J. H. SMITH, Portals Water Treatment Ltd., Isleworth, United Kingdom, P. W. The success of separate beds with
RENOUF, The Permutit Company of Australia, Ltd., Brookville, Australia, M. single cation and anion ion
CROSSEN, L*A Water Treatment, City of Industry, California exchange resin technology in
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IWC-84-91 Report
Page 2989 of 5199 01/27/2018

CROSSEN, L*A Water Treatment, City of Industry, California exchange resin technology in
surpassing mixed bed technology
in water quality, efficiency and
simplicity of operation is assessed
50 years on from invention. The
paper concentrates on work in
North America, Europe and
Australasia over the last decade
on improved separate bed
technologies which have shown
comparable performance and
several benefits over mixed beds.
50 Years in Separate Beds C. CALMON, Consultant, Princeton, New Jersey
Performance Study of a CHRIS MISTRY, JERRY GILILLAND, ANDY KOUTALIDES, Hewlett Packard, This paper evaluates several
Semiconductor High Purity CID, Cupertino, California, ROSALIE MANDARO, Mandaro Associates, modes of filtration technologies
Water System Using Wallingford, Connecticut used in semiconductor industry
Advanced Filtration high purity water systems. Water
Technologies quality, particle counts, integrated
circuit, IC, yields, and related costs
are presented from a users
experience with microfiltration,
charge modified microfiltration, and
ultrafiltration. The data provide
evidence of a positive relationship
between deionized water quality
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IWC-84-93 Paper
IWC-84-96 Paper
Page 2992 of 5199 01/27/2018

between deionized water quality
and semiconductor IC yields.
Reduction of oxygen with S. GREGORY DE SILVA, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Extensive testing with a precious
Hydrogen at Ambient Pennsylvania, ALEXANDER J. SIBER, Mobay Chemical Corporation, metal loaded anion resin has
Temperature Using Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania shown the feasibility of catalytic
Lewatit OC-1045 Catalyst reduction of oxygen by hydrogen
- A Potential Oxygen or hydrazine as a viable oxygen
Control Method for Water control method for water systems.
Systems Test results indicate that this
process can deoxygenate air
saturated makeup water to yield 5
ppb oxygen at ambient
temperature. Discussion of tested
parameters, potential applications
and comparisons with existing
methods are given.
Reduction of oxygen with ANDREW J. HARHAY, Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation Ontario, New
Hydrogen at Ambient York
Temperature Using
Lewatit OC-1045 Catalyst
- A Potential Oxygen
Control Method for Water
Systems
Lessons Learned from the WILLIAM E. MOORE, Monsanto Chocolate Bayou, Alvin, Texas, PETER L. An ion exchange system
Use of Ion Exchange for TREMONT, Monsanto Central Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri containing weak base and weak
Wastewater Treatment cation resins was used to remove
and recycle chromate and zinc
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IWC-85-01 Paper
Page 2995 of 5199 01/27/2018

from petrochemical plant cooling
tower blowdown. The system
regularly met effluent requirements
of 0.5 ppm chrome and zinc. This
paper will address the pilot pland
work and the many problems
encountered and solutions
implemented while operating the
full scale plant system.
Lessons Learned from the F. X. McGARVEY, Sybron Chemicals Inc., Birmingham, New Jersey
Use of Ion Exchange for
Removal of Organics from S. L. WISER, Virginia Electric and Power Company, Richmond, Virginia, Y. H. The results of the ongoing project
Secondary Makeup Water LEE, C. R. STROH, Sargent & Lundy, Chicago Illinois, M. O'BRIEN, The Graver for the North Anna Power Station
Company, Union, New Jersey involving bench testing for organic
characterization, pilot testing, and
selection of the optimal process
will be discussed. Combinations of
various processes successfully
removed organic compounds from
the Lake Anna water down to an
acceptable level. The process was
developed through bench testing
of various unit processes and pilot
plant testing of the optimum
process. The optimum process
consisted of inline coagulation,
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IWC-85-02 Paper
Page 2998 of 5199 01/27/2018

consisted of inline coagulation,
filtration, reverse osmosis, and
mixed bed demineralization. The
TOC was reduced approximately
98% (from an average of 4 ppm to
less than 100 ppb) by this process,
comparable to the TOC reduction
being achieved by the existing
flash evaporators at North Anna.
Removal of Organics from SUE A. HOBART, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
Secondary Makeup Water
What Really Happens to SALLIE FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc. Berwyn, Pennsylvania The organic population entering
Organics in the Water the anion bed can pass through it,
Treatment System Part II: be absorbed and removed in
the Fate of Organics in the normal regeneration or be
Anion Exchange Cycle absorbed and retained by the resin
as a foulant. This paper describes
pilot tests following an organic
population in different anion
systems through breakthrough with
regard to which alternative it
followed. The makeup water
demineralizer design required to
remove organics and continue to
operate successfully as a deionizer
must include resin choices and
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IWC-85-53 Paper
IWC-85-03 Report
Page 3001 of 5199 01/27/2018

must include resin choices and
pretreatment methods chosen from
a study on the raw water
properties.
What Really Happens to VIJAY K. PURI, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Organics in the Water
Treatment System Part II:
the Fate of Organics in the
Anion Exchange Cycle
In-Ground Removal of Iron DAVID F. EDSON, Ground Water Associates, Inc., Arlington, Massachusetts In-ground removal of iron and
and Manganese from Well manganese before it reaches the
Water distribution system involves
establishing an oxidizing treatment
zone in the aquifer around the well.
Periodic recharges of aerated
water stimulate the activity of
naturally occurring metal
precipitating microbes. This
approach successfully removes
these metals without the use of
chemicals or the generation of
sludge.
When Hazardous Waste CHRISTOPHER R. RYAN, Geo-Con, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Public awareness of groundwater
Threatens the contamination due to hazardous
Groundwater waste has created new
engineering challenges. This paper
examines the current groundwater
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Page 3004 of 5199 01/27/2018

protection regulatory requirements
and climate regarding remedial
work on existing lagoons and
containments as well as for new
sites and design of similar
facilities. Remedial methods such
as sludge stabilization,
underground leachate barriers and
waste removal are described. New
containments usually involve lined
facilities where synthetic or clay
barriers with intervening drainage
layers are used to protect the
groundwater._x000D_
Two case studies are used to
illustrate typical problems. The first
is located in Ohio and describes
the cleanup of PcB oil
contaminated lagoons and the
surrounding underground area.
The work consisted of liquid
disposal, sludge stabilization,
removal, containment construction
and permanent on—site disposal.
The second site consists of a new
lined disposal facility located in
Oregon which incorporates
Page 3005 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 3006 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-85-04 Report
IWC-85-05 Paper
Page 3007 of 5199 01/27/2018

Applications of Advanced ERICH W. TIEPEL, Resource Technologies Group, Inc., Denver, Colorado, Recent advances in chemical
Membrane Filtration to JACOB SHORR, Memtek Corporation, Woburn, Massachusetts pretreatment technology in
Industrial Wastewater combination with cross-flow
Treatment and membrane filtration technology
Groundwater Clean-Up have successfully been used to
treat contaminated groundwater
and various industrial wastes.
Several case histories including
the groundwater treatment of the
Canonsburg uranium mill tailings
site will be presented to
demonstrate the effectiveness of
the technology.
Evaluation of Weak JAMES A. MATHEWS, Duke Power Company, Charlotte, North Carolina Laboratory evaluations verify the
Electrolyte Resins for applicability of a weak electrolyte
Applications in a Mixed resin mixed bed for raw water
Resin System pretreatment prior to polishing with
a strong resin mixed-bed. Findings
of weak resin comparisons and
performance of multiple and
mixed-bed ion exchange with weak
resins are discussed. This report
re-emphasises the flexibility
available in the Utilization of ion
exchange resins.
Evaluation of Weak RICHARD HETHERINGTON, Epicor, Inc., Linden, New Jersey
Electrolyte Resins for
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IWC-85-06 Paper
IWC-85-07 Paper
Page 3010 of 5199 01/27/2018

Applications in a Mixed
Resin System
Experiences with a Co- GEORGE P. BAKER, Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co., Cleveland, Ohio, A single train with a cation resin
Counter-Current GEORGE J. CRITS, Cochrane Environmental Systems, King of Prussia, bed with downflow service and co-
Regeneration System at Pennsylvania counter-current regeneration,
the Avon Lake Station CCCR, in a two-bed demineralizer
was started-up at Avon Lake
power plant in 1983. Data from the
acceptance test will be presented.
The advantages of the dual flow
regeneration system as well as the
problems encountered with it will
be discussed. Co-counter-current
theory will also be presented.
Experiences with a Co- V. R. DAVIES, Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Counter-Current
Regeneration System at
the Avon Lake Station
The Multistep System, a FRIEDRICH B. MARTINOLA, GERFRIED WUTTE, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, West With this system, the demand for
Flexible Arrangement for Germany systems with different resins beds
Water Treatment with Ion in one column has been met
Exchange Resins successfully, utilizing at the same
time the advantages of
countercurrent operation. The
Upflow principle is used for the
countercurrent system which has
been proven over many years. All
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IWC-85-08 Paper
Page 3013 of 5199 01/27/2018

been proven over many years. All
the functions of an ion exchange
resin combination are
accommodated in one single
column. The important point is that
regeneration of the exhausted
resins is also carried out in the
service column and, depending on
the requirements, different
regenerant chemicals can also be
used. It is possible to circulate the
regenerant solutions in such a way
that they do not impair the
subsequent ion exchange cycle
and do not cause any
cross—contamination.
The Multistep System, a IRVING M. ABRAMS, Ph.D., Consultant, Los Altos, California
Flexible Arrangement for
Water Treatment with Ion
Exchange Resins
Gel vs. Macroporous T. K. COPOLO, Carolina Power & Light Co., Roxboro, North Carolina, H. A. Mayo Unit 1 of Carolina Power &
Resins for High Rate SCHLESINGER, Gibbs & Hill, Inc., New York, New York Light Co. treats a high organic low
Demineralization on a TDS surface water with high rate
High Organic Water demineralization after
pretreatment. One of the two
demineralizer trains has gel resin
and the other has macroporous
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IWC-85-10 Paper
Page 3016 of 5199 01/27/2018

resin. The plant design, resin
selection and operating experience
are discussed. Both types of resin
have performed comparably on a
high organic content water, but the
macroporous resin has less fouling
and resin bead damage .
Gel vs. Macroporous SALLIE FISHER, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, Pennsylvania
Resins for High Rate
Demineralization on a
High Organic Water
Evaluation of a Reactor G. L. WARD, Duke Power Company, Charlotte, North Carolina This paper describes the
Coolant Dissolved evaluation of a hydrogen monitor
Hydrogen Monitor for as a candidate for continuous
Pressurized Water monitoring of dissolved hydrogen
Reactors levels in the reactor coolant water
of a Pressurized Water Reactor.
The instrument’ s performance
characteristics during startup,
shutdown, and steady state reactor
operations are evaluated. The data
includes, for comparison purposes,
hydrogen measurements made by
the gas chromatograph and
calculated theoretical hydrogen
solubilities from Henry’s Law. In
addition, sample point-instrument
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IWC-85-11 Paper
IWC-85-12 Paper
Page 3019 of 5199 01/27/2018

compatibility, sensor service life,
sensor maintenance, and overall
instrument reliability are discussed.
Operating Experience with MICHAEL G. CASHIN, Central Illinois Public Service Co., Springfield, Illinois Larson-Lane reboilers have proved
the Detection of Utility useful at CIPS as continuous, on-
Boiler Water Quality line analyzers for detecting utility
Problems Utilizing Boiling boiler water chemistry problems
Water Cation Conductivity such as condenser leaks, air
inleakage, feedwater chemical
contamination and some
condensate polisher operating
problems. A major benefit of the
reboiler is its ability to quantify the
contribution of dissolved carbon
dioxide to cation conductivity,
allowing the instrument to detect
changes in anionic contamination,
as little as 1 to 2 parts per billion.
Operating Experience with OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware
the Detection of Utility
Boiler Water Quality
Problems Utilizing Boiling
Water Cation Conductivity
The Tripol Condensate MALCOLM BALL, ROBERT J. BURROWS, Central Electricity Generating Board, Appraisal of a 50,000 gal/hour
Purification Process Nottingham, England pilot plant will be reported.
Approximately 80% of the cation
resin capacity was utilized before
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IWC-85-13 Paper
Page 3022 of 5199 01/27/2018

ammonia breakthrough and
satisfactory quality water was still
produced after breakthrough. The
three-bed process was resistant to
oil fouling and operated with anion
resin found unsatisfactory in mixed
beds.
The Tripol Condensate LOUIS F. WIRTH, Consultant, Midland, Michigan
Purification Process
Condensate Polisher JOHN E. KRISTENSEN, HARRY G. HARTJEN, Ebasco Services, Incorporated, This paper describes the H. B.
Experiences Recently Lyndhurst, New Jersey Robinson Nuclear Power Plant
Encountered in conversion from what had been a
Conversion to AVT feedwater phosphate treatment to
Environment and the Use that of an all volatile treatment,
of Inert Resin at Carolina AVT, and the experiences
Power & Light encountered in the change over to
hydrazine. A deep bed
condensate polisher system with
inert resin in the mixed beds was
installed to meet the more
stringent water chemistr
requirements for the new steam
generatos. The behavior of New
Inert Resin and the methods used
to deal with the anomalies
exhibited by a first time application
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IWC-85-15 Paper
Page 3025 of 5199 01/27/2018

exhibited by a first time application
are discussed.
Condensate Polisher JAMES SHIELDS, Belco Pollution Control, Parsippany, New Jersey
Experiences Recently
Encountered in
Conversion to AVT
Environment and the Use
of Inert Resin at Carolina
Power & Light
A New GKM Approach to ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim AG, Mannheim, West Germany In 1982 Mannheim Power Station
Makeup Water Treatment commissioned three water
and Condensate Polishing treatment plants. For makeup
water treatment, a high efficiency
lime softening and clarifier and
gravel filters,for pretreatment, a
reverse osmosis, RO, system, a
continuously operated polishing
mixed bed and catalytic oxygen
removal are combined. The
condensate polishing plant, CPP,
is operated with an upflow
sequence- cation, anion and cation
vessels- and downflow
countercurrent regeneration.
District heating water is polished in
a two bed counter current upflow
unit. Plant configuration and
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Page 3027 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-85-16 Paper
IWC-85-16D Report
IWC-85-17 Paper
Page 3028 of 5199 01/27/2018

operating experience will be
discussed
A New GKM Approach to JAMES D. SHIVERS, Water Treatment Corporation. Member of the Portals
Makeup Water Treatment Group, City of Industry, California
and Condensate Polishing
Vanadium Removal from HANS W. SCHICK, Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation, Poughkeepsie, Central Hudson Gas & Electric,
Oil-Fired Power Plant New York, ROBERT M. ROSAIN, CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Washington CHGE, recently completed the first
Wastewaters year of operation of new
wastewater treatment facilities at
their oil burning 1200 MW Roseton
plant. Metal cleaning was water
wastes are treated with ferrous
sulfate and lime to precipitate
vanadium which is then reclaimed.
This paper presents design details,
performance and operating
experience.
Vanadium Removal from DAVID CLINE, Sheppard T. Powell & Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
Oil-Fired Power Plant
Wastewaters
EPRI's Interim Consensus DALE M. SOPOCY, A. F. ASCHOFF, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, The interim consensus guidelines
Guidelines on Fossil Plant Illinois, R. B. DOOLEY, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, are a unified, specific and
Cycle Chemistry OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware comprehensive document which
provides the necessary guidance
badly needed to control corrodant
and corrosion product generation
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IWC-85-18 Paper
Page 3031 of 5199 01/27/2018

and transport throughout the water
and steam cycle of fossil plants.
This has been issued as Phase 1
of EPRI Research Project 2712.
Implementation of these guidelines
is expected to reduce forced
outages caused by corrosion-
induced failures and other
mechanisms and thereby increase
unit availability. Key components
of these guidelines will be
reviewed and their ramifications
with respect to plant design and
operation will be discussed. The
final draft guidelines are presently
under review by the Utility Advisory
Committee and Edison Electric
Institute, EII, chemistry committtee.
EPRI's Interim Consensus F. J. POCOCK, Babcock & Wilcox, Research and Development Division,
Guidelines on Fossil Plant Alliance, Ohio
Cycle Chemistry
In-Ground Removal of Iron WILLIAM R. GREENAWAY, NUS Corporation, Gaithersburg, Maryland

and Manganese from Well
Water
Water-Related Internal PHILIP A. BARKER, Nalco Chemical Company, Oak Brook, Illinois, THOMAS The frequency, severity and impact
Problems in Ash Transport FITZSIMMONS, Basin Electric Power Cooperative, Bismarck, North Dakota, of water-related problems in
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IWC-85-19 Paper
Page 3034 of 5199 01/27/2018

Systems WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California coal–fired ash transport systems
are reported and ranked as a
result of an EPRI survey. Selected
utility experiences and corrective
measures are detailed. General
conclusions are drawn as to some
measures effective in preventing or
alleviating such problems as
scaling, difficulties with ash
dewatering and fines carryover.
Water-Related Internal WILLIAM P. GROBMYER, Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, Missouri
Problems in Ash Transport
Systems
Evolution of a Wastewater G. L. WILSON, J. C. NOWAK, T. M. O'NEAIL, Resources Conservation Co., Recovery of over 90% of high TDS
Treatment System for Bellevue, Washington waste water from a flue gas
Processing Scrubber desulfurization system as
Blowdown and Chemical condensate is reused as high
Plant Discharges at a quality boiler feedwater at the San
Coal-Fired Generation Juan, NM, coal-fired power plant.
Stat1on The is achieved by extensive
chemical pretreatment followed by
vapor compression and falling film
evaporators. Corrosion and scaling
by high levels of sulfite, iron,
aluminum, fluoride and silica are
successfully prevented by
selective oxidation and
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IWC-85-20 Report
Page 3037 of 5199 01/27/2018

selective oxidation and
precipitation steps.
Evolution of a Wastewater DAVID H. PAUL, JIM PETRIE, Public Service Company of New Mexico,
Treatment System for Waterflow, New Mexico
Processing Scrubber
Blowdown and Chemical
Plant Discharges at a
Coal-Fired Generation
Stat1on
A Progress Report on the MICHAEL O'BRIEN, ROBERT KUNIN, GEORGE C. FLYNN, Graver Water An extensive program to define the
Application of Weakly Division Union, New Jersey application parameters of weakly
Acidic Cation Exchange acidic cation exchange resins in
Resins in Condensate mixed bed condensate polishing is
Polishing reported. The impetus for this work
has been the elimination of sulfate
contamination linked to the thermal
degradation of sulfonic acid groups
from the leakage of strongly acidic
cation exchange resins into the
boilers and steam generators and
sulfur containing humic acid
contaminants in wastewater. This
paper addresses itself to the use of
this concept in various
configurations in nuclear plants
and the significant factors related
to the weak acid resin properties.
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IWC-85-22 Report
Page 3040 of 5199 01/27/2018

Progress in the Removal LIGAYA S. HARTJEN, Graver Water Division, Union, New Jersey, WILLIAM M. This paper presents progress in
of Organics Present in CAIN, Carolina Power & Light Company, Southport, North Carolina the removal of organics in the raw
Utility Water Systems water and wastewater reclaimed
and recycled to the process. A
recently developed filter precoat
material containing powdered
activated carbon, PAC, has been
tested in the laboratory and in the
field and has been proven effective
for removal of organics in the
radwaste water of the nuclear
industry. Laboratory tests
comparing o-chlorophenol
adsorption on this carbon precoat
material and commercial PAC
showed no decreased adsorption
capabilities of the PAC in the
precoat._x000D_
Pilot plant tests were performed in
a boiling water reactor, BWR,
nuclear plant where raw well water
and simulated waste water were
filtered through this precoat. Total
organic carbon (TOC) reduction of
95% was achieved in the pilot
plant with a 60 minute service run.
Scaled up tests in this BWR plant
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IWC-85-23 Report
IWC-85-24 Report
Page 3043 of 5199 01/27/2018

utilizing the existing radwaste
precoat filter indicated a maximum
of 95% TOC removal for 6 months
run on radwaste equipment and
floor drains.
Radwaste Ion-Exchange N. P. JACOB, E. MORGAN, J. M. STORTON, J. F. KRAMER, Babcock & Wilcox, This paper presents the results of
Optimization Lynchburg, Virginia, J. P. KANGLEY, Millstone Nuclear Station, Waterford, an EPRI/B&W project to identify
Connecticut, M. D. NAUGHTON, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, cost-savings and radwaste ion-
California exchange processing schemes for
nuclear plant operators. The focus
will be on the findings of bench
scale and pilot testing of
nonproprietary commercial
exchange and adsorbant materials
using radwaste liquid at the
Millstone Nuclear Station. This
should assist utilities in optimizing
selecting media, cleanup criteria,
performance verification, and
implementation at reduced cost.
Effects of Coagulant L. M. MAY, W. M. CARLSON, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois Overdose of cationic
Overdose in Clarifiers on polyelectrolytes used for
Downstream Ion coagulation in clarifiers can result
Exchange Processes in carryover and subsequent
fouling of downstream ion
exchange units. The effects of
these polymers on ion exchange
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IWC-85-25 Report
IWC-85-26 Report
Page 3046 of 5199 01/27/2018

operating capacities and
regeneration efficiencies, as well
as potential methods for
prevention of polymer overfeed to
the clarifier, will be discussed.
The Use of an Inorganic Aa. BARKATT, K. A. MICHAEL, W. SOUSANPOUR, Al. BARKATT, L. M. An inorganic vitreous porous ion-
Glassy Cation Exchanger PENAFIEL, B. P. MACEDO, The Catholic University of America, Washington, exchange material is highly
for the Purification of D.C., H. G. SUTTER, Duratek Corporation, Greenbelt, Maryland selective for cesium under a wide
Nuclear Waste Streams range of conditions It has a high
exchange capacity and rapid
exchange kinetics and has good
mechanical properties and stability
to oxidizing agents and radiation
fields. It is successfully used to
purify aqueous nuclear waste
streams at several PWR plants.
A Novel Synergistic E. E. WILLIAMS, B. KNOX-HOLMES, M. F. DIPROSE, Biofouling and Corrosion
Chlorine and Copper Control, Ltd., Sheffield, England, Y. G. MUSSALLI, Stone & Webster Engineering
Technique to Control Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts
Biofouling with Low
Environmental Impact
Analysis of KATHLEEN A.S. HARDY, JOHN C. COOPER, Naval Research Laboratory, High pressure liquid
Ethylenediaminetetraaceti Washington, D.C., THOMAS K. AYRES, WALTER E. RUDZINSKI, Southwest chromatography, HPLC, was
c Acid in Boiler Water by Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas developed as a method for the
High Pressure Liquid analysis of the boiler water
Chromatography treatment chemical
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,
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IWC-85-27 Report
IWC-85-28 Report
Page 3049 of 5199 01/27/2018

EDTA, in the ferric form Using an
evaporation pre-concentration
step, levels as low as 0.1 ppm are
detectable. Data were obtained
from test boilers and shipboard
samples which indicated that
phosphate interference was not a
significant problem.
Evaluation and OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, R. W. BRADSHAW, Laboratory and field evaluations
Applications of a New Combustion Engineering, Windsor, Connecticut, J. P. GIBEAULT, Manleh and several applications of a new
Dissolved Hydrogen Engineering, Rouses Point, New York [S. C. SMITH, ChemLink, Inc., Cherry Hill, dissolved hydrogen analyzer are
Monitor New Jersey] described. The instrument
measures rates of diffusion of
hydrogen through a gas permeable
membrane, using a high sensitivity
hydrogen-air fuel cell. Described
applications include monitoring of
corrosion in refinery boiler and
utility steam cycles, control of
deuterium in the CANDU cycle,
and hydrogen in PWR primary and
secondary loops.
Water Chemistry Studies CURT BLAIR, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, Tennessee, JIM An on-line ion chromatograph,
at the Sequoyah Nuclear MULLENIX, JOHNNY BARKER, Tennessee Valley Authority, Soddy Daisy, OIC. With automatic sampling has
Plant Using an Online Ion Tennessee, LANI ANGERS, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, California been operating at TVA’s Sequoyah
Chromatographic Analyzer Nuclear Plant since October 1984.
Data will be presented showing the
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IWC-85-29 Report
IWC-85-30 Paper
Page 3052 of 5199 01/27/2018

improved performance of the OIC
along with conclusions about plant
chemistry based on the OIC.
Considerations for installation of
the sample interface and
operational problems will also be
presented.
ASTM Power Plant Water W. E. ALLMON, S. J. POTTERTON, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance, The ASTM Power Plant Water
Analysis Manual Ohio, S. I. LERMAN, Consolidated Edison of New York, Astoria, New York Analysis Manual was developed by
ASTM Subcommittee D19.11,
Section .01. It is targeted
specifically for the plant operator
and technicians, who need
procedures that are proven,
reliable, and suitable for power
plant analysis. This paper
describes the history, contents and
features, including the method
format, plant orientation and
rationality, safety, ASTM
references, and the procedures for
future revisions.
Commercial Production of WILLIAM E. KATZ, FREDERICK G. CLAY, Ionics, Incorporated, Watertown, Novel trailer-mounted triple-
Ultrapure Water by Fully- Massachusetts membrane demineralizing systems
Automatic Triple- of 50 gallon per minute capacity
Membrane (UF/EDR/RO) were installed in Santa Clara and
Demineralizers Fremont, California. These
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Page 3055 of 5199 01/27/2018

systems comprise ultrafiltration,
UF, as pretreatment,
electrodialysis reversal, EDR as
primary (90%) demineralizer,
reverse osmosis, RO, as
secondary (90%) demineralizer,
and portable ion exchanqe units as
polishing demineralizer, and
ultraviolet, UV, sterilizers._x000D_
The objective of the design was to
produce factory—built, and
pretested demineralizing systems
capable of reliably treating widely
varying industrial and public water
supplies with virtually no on—site
requirement for chemical feeds,
operating labor. Each unit has
operated unattended since
insta11ation on a
round—the—clock basis into a
storage tank supplying a typical
recirculating deionized water
polishing “loop”. The Santa Clara
unit is supplying electronic—grade
ultrapure water to a wafer
fabrication facility and the Fremont
unit is supplying the same grade
Page 3056 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 3057 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-85-31 Paper
Page 3058 of 5199 01/27/2018

water to a semiconductor test and
assembly facility. Each unit
processes water from a public
water supply.
Commercial Production of CLARENCE D. COLLEY, Hewlett Packard Company, Palo, Alto, Calitornia
Ultrapure Water by Fully-
Automatic Triple-
Membrane (UF/EDR/RO)
Demineralizers
ED: Polarity Reversal or PAUL A. FOSTER, MICHAEL J. ROWE, JOHN B. FARRAR, Portals Water This paper examines both
Not? Treatment, Isleworth, United Kingdom laboratory and plant generated
data in order to give an insight into
the pros and cons of the two most
widely used electrodialysis, ED,
techniques, namely unidirectional
ED and ED utilising polarity
reversal. Techniques have been
employed in order to increase
percentage recovery and reduce
the scaling problems experienced
within the electrodialysis system.
One of these techniques is to
reverse the polarity at a set period,
operating in this mode we
discovered a number of basic
effects: Electrodes which were
platinized titanium dissolved fairly
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IWC-85-54 Paper
Page 3061 of 5199 01/27/2018

rapidly on regular reversal. Plant
performance did improve upon
reversal but only for a limited time,
Precipitation problems on the
concentrate line/cells were not
changed. Several plants were
reconverted to single polarity
operation. It was therefore decided
to complete a thorough
investigation of this technique in
order to properly evaluate in some
detail, the claims and counter
claims purported about current
reversal techniques.
ED: Polarity Reversal or F. X. McGARVEY, Sybron Chemicals Inc., Birmingham, New Jersey
Not?
Partial Demineralization of WOLFGANG H. HOELL, Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center, federal Republic of Partial demineralization of water is
Groundwater by the Germany achieved by the combined
CARIX Ion Exchange application of a weak acid resin in
Process the H+ form and an anion
exchanger in the bicarbonate form.
Both resins are simultaneously
regenerated by carbonic acid by
Carbon dioxide Regenerated Ion
Exchange, the CARIX process.
Field tests have demonstrated the
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IWC-85-32 Paper
Page 3064 of 5199 01/27/2018

Field tests have demonstrated the
feasibility of the process which has
a limited capacity at low ionic
concentrations due to the poor
regeneration efficiency of carbon
dioxide. However the CARIX
process is suitable for softening
and lowering the salt content for
drinking water and produces no
waste regenerants.
Parametric Study of Thin- YAW C. YANG, J. M. DICKSON, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada Thin—film composite, TFC,
Film Composite polyamide reverse osmosis
Polyamide-Type Reverse membranes constitute one of the
Osmosis Membranes newer and more successful types
of membranes. The polyamide
thin-film composite membranes in
this study were synthesized by
interfacial polymerization of acid
chlorides and amines on a
polysulfone support membrane.
This fabrication technique allows
the support layer to be optimized
for good mechanical strength, and
chemical, pH and temperature
resistance separately from the
surface layer which can be
optimized for good flux and
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IWC-85-33 Paper
Page 3067 of 5199 01/27/2018

separation
characteristics._x000D_
Although much has been
published regarding the high flux
and high separation characteristics
of TFC membranes, little work has
been done to determine the
transport properties. The
advantage of using transport
parameters to describe a
membranes performance is that a
good transport model will describe
the behavior of the membrane over
a wide range of operating
conditions. The purpose of this
paper is to illustrate, the
performance of several thin—film
composite polyamide reverse
osmosis membranes in terms of
the operating conditions for the
solute sodium chloride and
correlated by standard models.
Parametric Study of Thin- JOHN E. CADOTTE, FilmTec Corporation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Film Composite
Polyamide-Type Reverse
Osmosis Membranes
Zero Blowdown by BOB L. PROCTOR, CHESTER M. MALEWSKI, Sierra Pacific Power Company, Sidestream softening of central
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IWC-85-34 Paper
Page 3070 of 5199 01/27/2018

Sidestream Softening on Reno, Nevada power station circulating water
Cooling Systems of Base systems has been practiced on
Load Units occasion and has appeared to be
viable in several locations, but the
degree of utilization of sidestream
softening is probably not such a
prerequisite to operation as it is at
the Sierra Pacific North Valmy
Station. In developing the
chemistry of this particular system,
numerous departures from
conventional lime-soda softening
chemistry were made to remove
silica and calcium from the
circulating water.
Zero Blowdown by THOMAS M. LARONGE, Thomas M. Laronge, Inc., Vancouver, Washington
Sidestream Softening on
Cooling Systems of Base
Load Units
On Stream Iron Removal GARY G. ENGSTROM, VINCENT KUHN, Dearborn Chemical Company, Lake An on-line cleaning method for the
in Cooling Systems Zurich, Illinois removal of iron fouling deposits in
industrial cooling water systems is
described which functions in a pH
range of 6.0-9.0. The process is
based on a novel group of
compounds, acid salts such as
EDTA and alkylene amine
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IWC-85-35 Report
IWC-85-36 Paper
Page 3073 of 5199 01/27/2018

carboxylic acids which solubilize
the iron and remove it slowly in the
bleed-off. System operation may
proceed uninterrupted while the
need for handling and introducing
hazardous or corrosive chemicals
is eliminated.
On Stream Iron Removal J. FRED WILKES, Consulting Chemical Engineer, Titusville, Florida
in Cooling Systems
Cooling Water Product BRIAN R. OHLER, Public Service Company of New Mexico, Farmington, New High corrosion rates in cooling
Evaluation and Selection: Mexico, WILLIAM A. HOLLINGSHAD, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, water systems with galvanized
a Case Study Pennsylvania steel and admiralty brass tubes
necessitated evaluation of
numerous cooling water treatment
programs. A high inorganic
phosphate treatment program
using a sulfonic acid/acrylic acid
copolymer dispersant was
selected, and field tested after
extensive laboratory testing.
Determination for relative corrosion
inhibition and antiscalant qualities
were conducted.
The Investigation and LEROY V. BALDWIN, ELLEN S. FEENEY, EG&G Florida, Inc., Kennedy Space This paper presents from an
Application of Ozone for Center, Florida, RICK BLACKWELDER, NASA, Kennedy Space Center, Florida operating viewpoint the selection
Cooling Water Treatment of an ozone system at the
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IWC-85-37 Report
Page 3076 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cooling Water Treatment of an ozone system at the
Kennedy Space Center and results
obtained while treating a cooling
water system without chemicals or
blowdown. Ozone was effective in
controlling microbiological growth
and inhibited scale growth and
corrosion. Operating costs were
considerably less than chemical
treatment.
The Investigation and JOHN W. SIEGMUND, Sheppard D. Powell Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
Application of Ozone for
Silica Removal in Lime- TIMOTHY W. TROFE, MILTON L. OWEN, Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas, The results of part of an EPRI
Soda Softeners WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California research program on recirculating
cooling water treatment,
particularly silica removal in lime-
soda softening, are presented. The
study included a literature search,
laboratory studies, and pilot-scale
field testing. Results from the pilot-
scale field tests generally verified
the laboratory studies results.
Using the field test data, an overall
process model correlation was
developed to predict silica removal
based on feed water quality,
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IWC-86-05 Paper
IWC-85-38 Report
Page 3079 of 5199 01/27/2018

based on feed water quality,
softener reagent dosage and the
effect of ionic magnesium
additives.
Partial Demineralization of FRIEDRICH MARTINOLA, Bayer. AG, West Germany
Groundwater by the
CARIX Ion Exchange
Process
The Application of JAMES D. LYNCH, HPD Incorporated, Naperville, Illinois, TAKUO KAWAHARA, This paper describes
Electrodialysis to Industrial Asahi Glass Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan electrodialysis and its ability to
Water Reuse separate acids, bases, and salts
from a feed stream. The
technology is illustrated with
several case studies including the
demineralization of mine
wastewater, the decontamination
of toxic wastes when employed
with the freeze crystallization
process, and the demineralization
of electrogalvanizing process rinse
water.
Condenser Air Inleakage SCOTT BOND, Union Electric, Callaway Nuclear Plant, Fulton, Missouri, Dissolved oxygen is a contributor
and Dissolved Oxygen ALEXANDER D. MACARTHUR, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, to corrosion processes in the
Control Testing at Pennsylvania secondary systems of PWR Power
Callaway Nuclear Plant Plants. Present EPRI and NSSS
vendor Guidelines for secondary
system water chemistry
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IWC-85-39 Report
Page 3082 of 5199 01/27/2018

recommend maintaining dissolved
oxygen at less than 10 parts per
billion in condensate entering the
feedwater train. A study was
undertaken at Callaway Nuclear
Station in January and February.
1985 to characterize the effects of
air inleakage at various
penetrations into the surface
condenser shells and into the
condensate pump suction piping.
This information was then used to
direct air inleakage sealing efforts
to locations where the greatest
benefit in minimizing dissolved
oxygen could be achieved. Some
of the information gathered can be
generalized for plants with similar
system configurations.
PWR Secondary System P. J. BATTAGLIA, M. W. ROOTHAM, M. J. WOOTTEN, Westinghouse Electric All Volatile Treatment, AVT, has
Water Chemistry Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania been the recommended chemistry
Guidelines and their control environment for the
Application secondary side of Westinghouse
steam generators since August
1974. In the ten year period since
this recommendation was issued,
significant effort has been
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IWC-85-40 Report
Page 3085 of 5199 01/27/2018

expended by EPRI, NSSS vendors
and individual utilities to define
operating chemistry guidelines
which will minimize the probability
of corrosion occurring in major
system components without
imposing unnecessarily
conservative restrictions upon
plant operations. Recently both
EPRI, Steam Generator Owners
Group, SGOG, and Westinghouse
have published revised guidelines
that are consistent numerically.
This paper describes the
experiences at several plants in
meeting the guidelines. On-line
monitoring is necessary to
evaluate and correct chemical
excursions in steam generators.
Fluid Composition in the OLEH WERES, LEON TSAO, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of The alkaline liquid in the tube
Tube Sheet Crevices of a California, Berkeley, California sheet crevices of a steam
Nuclear Steam Generator generator is strongly superheated
and very concentrated. Chemistry
equilibrium data indicate that
molten sodium acetate may be the
major constituent of this liquid in
some power plants. The activity of
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IWC-85-41 Report
IWC-85-42 Paper
Page 3088 of 5199 01/27/2018

caustic in the crevice liquid is
buffered by sodium silicate
precipitates. A silicate buffered
liquid contains insufficient caustic
to produce serious corrosion,
which must be ascribed to other
contaminants such as formate and
bicarbonste. Addition of borate and
silicate to the condensate will
reduce the crevice alkalinity..
Initial Operating ROBERT S. BERNSTEIN, Ebasco Services, Inc., New York, New York, STEVEN This progress report will highlight
Experience with a Liquid F. DEMARCO, New York State Electric & Gas, Binghamton, New York equipment design & flexibility of
Waste Treatment System the liquid waste treatment system
for NYSEG's Somerset which was designed to treat and
Unit #1 reuse all liquid wastes and meet
the discharge limits. Treatment of
various plant waste categories with
tabulated influent and effluent
chemical analysis, along with
chemical dosage rates, will be
presented.
Evaluation of Alternative ROBERT CHIESA, Sargent & Lundy, Chicago, Illinois, DENNIS GEARY, Costs for alternative biocide
Chemicals for Power Plant Wisconsin Power & Light Company, Madison, Wisconsin chemicals are compared against
Condenser Biofouling chlorine for condenser biofouling
Control control at Wisconsin Power & Light
Company’s Rock River Generating
Station. Based on the cost
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IWC-85-43 Paper
Page 3091 of 5199 01/27/2018

comparison study, chlorinated
sodium bromide was selected for
full-scale testing at the coal-fired
station. This paper presents the
results of the study and test
program.
Evaluation of Alternative RODNEY H. SERGENT, Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette,
Chemicals for Power Plant Indiana
Condenser Biofouling
Control
Cooling Water Treatment BLAIR JONES, Capital Controls Company, Inc., Colmar, Pennsylvania, GERALD The recent EPA regulations call for
Using a Liquified Gas SLIFER, Public Service Electric and Gas Company, Newark, New Jersey total residual oxidant, TRO, limits
Feeder and Bromine of 0.2 ppm (mg/l) for two hours in
Chloride any 24-hour time period. Most
attempts to meet this regulation
have dealt with dechlorination.
Bromine Chloride can be used to
treat cooling water effectively with
dosages of 60% to 70% of
comparable chlorine dosages. The
data from tests of an East Coast
power plant show a positive effect
on the cooling water system and
residual levels maintained below
EPA mandated values.
Cooling Water Treatment KENNETH J. KOZELSKI, E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Camden, South
Using a Liquified Gas Carolina
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IWC-85-45 Paper
IWC-85-46 Report
Page 3094 of 5199 01/27/2018

Feeder and Bromine
Chloride
Compatibility of DBNPA RICHARD W. WALTER, JR., JACK F. MILLS, ATTILA G. RELENYI, The Dow Dibromonitrilopropionamide,
with Chlorine as Water Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan DBNPA, is often used alone or in
Treatment Biocides combination with chlorine to
control biofouling in recirculating
cooling water systems. Recent
laboratory studies indicate that
these two biocides are compatible
for co-treatment. Under certain
water chemistry conditions. The
effectiveness of these two biocides
appears to be synergistic in
alkaline cooling waters.
Compatibility of DBNPA AMANDA MEITZ, The Mogul Corporation, Chagrin Falls, Ohio
with Chlorine as Water
Treatment Biocides
The Application of R. J. SIKORA, Resources Conservation Company, Bellevue, Washington

Electrodialysis to Industrial
Water Reuse
Unique Double Pass GREGORY A. PITTNER, Arrowhead Industrial Water, Los Angeles, California, The availability of high productivity
Reverse Osmosis System RICHARD R. LEVANDER, Arrowhead Industrial Water, San Diego, California, thin film composite membranes
Eliminates Ion Exchange JOHN F. BOSSLER, Arrowhead Industrial Water, Fallsington, Pennsylvania has presented opportunities to
for many Deionization expand the applications of reverse
Applications osmosis, RO. By placement of two
membrane arrays in series, and
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IWC-85-47 Report
Page 3097 of 5199 01/27/2018

membrane arrays in series, and
the addition of chemical
enhancement between stages, one
can construct a water treatment
process suitable for make-up to a
semiconductor polish loop, or for
total replacement of ion exchange
in many applications._x000D_
A double pass RO unit will
generally remove a larger
percentage of feed water dissolved
solids than a two bed ion
exchange system, and achieve
particulate removal that is many
times better. Where two bed
performance is desired, the double
pass is often less expensive, and a
superior alternative.
A Progress Report on an THEODORE PICKERING, BETTY J. WHITE, Florida Power & Light Company, This progress report describes the
EDR Installation Fort Myers, Florida installation and first year’s
operation of the Electrodialysis
Reversal, EDR, Unit at the Florida
Power & Light’s Fort Myers
Plant.This addition to the makeup
water system was required by the
increased salt content of the well
water and drought conditions in
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IWC-85-48 Report
Page 3100 of 5199 01/27/2018

South West Florida. Tests of a pilot
EDR system were positive and a
dual EDR was installed in January
1984. Some startup problems were
encountered and corrected by
upgrading other water treatment
components. Calcium carbonate,
Organic and biological fouling
affected EDR performance. The
use of coagulated influent water to
the EDR to reduce silica improved
the performance and the makeup
water system met its throughput
and cost goals.
Acid Free Scale Control D. P. LOGAN, H. E. NEHUS, A. L. SMITH, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Test results are presented, based
for RO Systems Pennsylvania on laboratory and field studies,
which establish the superiority of a
proprietary polycarboxylate
copolymer with polyacrylate
products as feedwatr additives to
control water formed deposits in
two commercial reverse osmosis,
RO, units operating at high
recoveries of brackish feed waters
supersaturated with respect to
both calcium carbonate and
gypsum scaling. The product also
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IWC-85-49 Report
IWC-85-50 Paper
Page 3103 of 5199 01/27/2018

gives superior dispersion of silts,
clays and metal oxides.
Application of High WILLIAM R. KASSEN, NWT Corporation, San Jose, California, J. M. BURGER, Evaluations of two commercial
Temperature Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation, New York, New York, J. electromagnetic filter
Electromagnetic Filtration HIGGINS, P. SILLIMAN (retired), Consolidated Edison, New York, New York performances on Indian Point 2
for Secondary Cycle PWR feedwater as a means of
Corrosion Product minimizing corrosion product
Transport Control in transport to the steam generators
Pressurized Water were completed. Iron removal
Reactors efficiency of the filters generally
was excellent at high temperature,
418 degrees F, and flow velocities
, 170 and 230 gpm/sq.ft. Effective
copper removal was obtained even
though copper is not expected to
be present in the system as a
magnetic material. Backwashing
the filter matrices required
minimum time and minimized
pressure buildup during operation.
Retrofitting the Water MICHAEL E. ROGERS, Syncrude Canada, Ltd., Alberta, Canada Svncrude Canada Ltd., S.C.L,.tar
Chemistry Programs at sands plant, lost millions of dollars
Syncrude Canada, Ltd. in effecting repairs due to
steam/water quality problems.
These are the failure of the plants
50 lb. steam header due to caustic
embrittlement, a serious
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Page 3106 of 5199 01/27/2018

degradation in the process cooling
water with hot return corrosion
rates of greater than 14 mpy, and
the failure in one month of three of
the five power boilers. Changes
made in the organization, hiring an
experienced plant chemist, the
selection and use of water
treatment chemical suppliers and
the approach to carrying out
chemical control programs.
Syncrude now purchases
chemicals as a separate
commodity, paying for consulting
services under a separate
consulting contract. The Unit
Operator Labs have been
equipped with the latest
instruments, resulting in accurate
operator tests of all water quality
parameters. System reliabilitv has
been enhanced the use of
hydrazine purchased pre-blended
with neutralizing amines used for
condensate line protection, by
using alkalinity control, and by
base feeding a fixed amount of
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IWC-85-51 Paper
Page 3109 of 5199 01/27/2018

phosphate to control the
coordinated phosphate/pH
program. This is all supported by a
rigorous routine monitoring
program.
Retrofitting the Water J. D. McWILLIAM, Betz Inc., Kanata, Ontario, Canada
Chemistry Programs at
Syncrude Canada, Ltd.
Water Conditioning in High EDGARD EIHACHI WATANABE, MESSIAS CANDIDO AMARAL, Aquatec Water conditioning problems such
Voltage Electrode Boilers Quimica S.A., Sao Paulo, Brazil as scale, corrosion and carryover
associated with electrical boilers
installations have frequently
occurred and have created some
unexpected shutdowns. The cause
of the problems in most cases
relates to either feedwater quality
or improper treatment choice. The
present paper reviews actual
studies in Brazil of corrosion and
deposit problems.
Recommendations are given for
conventional treatments and boiler
water guidelines for submerged
and water jet electric boilers.
Water Conditioning in High JESSE BEECHER, P.E., Consultant, Drew Industrial Division, Ashland Chemical
Voltage Electrode Boilers Co., Boonton, New Jersey
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IWC-85-52 Paper
IWC-85-55 Report
Page 3112 of 5199 01/27/2018

Foamed Solvents for GARY W. BRADLEY, GARY D. ARNOLD, Halliburton Services, Duncan, This paper covers the use of highly
Cleaning Surface Oklahoma stable acid foams with 90 to 95%
Condensers air or nitrogen to chemically clean
surface condensers. Acid foams
can move into air pockets and tube
bundlee to remove scale. They use
less liquid volume and are easily
cleaned up. Laboratory data is
reported to demonstrate that the
increase in foam half-life is a
function of the stabilizer
concentration. Case histories with
HC1, HF, and Formic Acid foams
are presented. The results of foam
cleaning are reported for three
case studies
Hydrogeological HENRY C. HUNT, Bennett & Williams, Inc., Columbus, Ohio Cooling and process water
Investigation for Design supplies of moderate to large
and Construction of a volumes are commonly developed
Ground Water Supply for from in-stream, surface water
Cooling Water Make-Up intake systems or surface water
diversion. Where suitable geologic
and hydro-geologic conditions
exist, similar volumes of ground
water can often be developed. The
use of ground water for process
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IWC-85-56 Paper
Page 3115 of 5199 01/27/2018

use of ground water for process
and cooling water supply typically
provides water of more uniform
quality and temperature. This
consistency can simplify the
treatment train and standardize the
process water
requirements._x000D_
The cooling water supply for the
first unit of a coal fired power plant
built along the Ohio River in
southern Indiana was developed
from ground water using a
horizontal radial collector well. The
investigation of the hydro-geologic
and geologic conditions in the
vicinity of the plant site included a
program of soil borings,
geophysical exploration and
detailed aquifer testing, prior to
design of the well system. The
hydro-geologic investigative
procedures for location of the well
system. Were critical in identifying
a discontinuity in a clay layer.
Water Treatment Facilities JERRY PRINTZ, Stearns Catalytic Corporation, Denver, Colorado In many cogeneration plants, high
for Cogeneration Plants boiler operating pressures and hot
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IWC-85-57 Report
Page 3118 of 5199 01/27/2018

condensate, subject to process
contamination, dictate a
requirement for unconventional
condensate monitoring and
treatment systems. Because
condensate returns may not be of
reliable quantity and quality,
makeup treatment systems must
frequently be large, imposing
unique considerations regarding
configuration, spare exchanger
beds, and spent regenerant
disposal. A case study is given for
a petrochemical complex with a
condensate recovery system.
Water Treatment Facilities ROGER V. LONG, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, Denver, Colorado
for Cogeneration Plants
Treatment and PAUL E. FOSTER, Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware Boiler water treatment chemicals
Temperature Effects on for deposit control are screened for
Turbidity and Morphology dispersancy and crystal
in Boilers modification using a novel test
procedure and synthetic boiler
water. Results show the effect of
residence time,
temperature/pressure, iron, and
chemical treatment. Field samples
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IWC-85-58 Paper
IWC-86-01 Paper
Page 3121 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemical treatment. Field samples
are compared to laboratory tests
showing a correlation between
laboratory behavior and successful
products.
Experience with a Novel, CARL J. CAPPABIANCA, PAUL F. PELOSI, JAMES H. NULTY, Drew Industrial This paper discusses the authors
Volatile Boiler Water Division, Ashland Chemical Company, Boonton, New Jersey experience with the use of a new
Oxygen Scavenger volatile oxygen scavenger/metal
passivator (methyl ethyl ketoxime,
MEKO) in a paper mill steam
generating system. Data detailing
its oxygen scavenging and
corrosion inhibition performance
are presented. The data are
compared to those generated
during baseline studies performed
when catalyzed hydrazine was fed
to the system.
Experience with a Novel, PAUL COHEN, Consultant, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Volatile Boiler Water
Oxygen Scavenger
Enhanced Foam Cleaning EDGAR F. HOY, Dowell Schlumberger, Tulsa, Oklahoma An enhanced foam cleaning
of Copper-Alloy Surface treatment Of copper alloy
Condensers equipment has been developed to
eliminate post-treatment pitting
and copper-laden effluent start-up
problems. The new treatment
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IWC-86-03 Report
IWC-86-04 Paper
Page 3124 of 5199 01/27/2018

problems. The new treatment
procedure combines chelant
technology with known copper
alloy surface deactivators,
Laboratory and field results of this
treatment are presented.
Enhanced Foam Cleaning HOWARD E. STEIMAN, Boston Edison Company, Boston, Massachusetts
of Copper-Alloy Surface
Condensers
Video Inspection and ROCKY H. THOMPSON, Florida Power Corporation Crystal River, Florida, The observations and conclusions
Sampling of the Crystal LARRY S. LAMANNA, Babcock and Wilcox, Lynchburg, Virginia from the video inspections of the
River Unit-3 Once- Crystal River Unit 3 once through
Through Steam steam generators are detailed.
Generators Specifically, the morphology,
distribution, and chemical
composition of deposited corrosion
products fouling the steam
generators, impact of fouling on
unit performance, and the video
inspection procedure and
equipment are described.
Significant flowpath blockade wss
observed at the 4th and 5th tube
support
Renovation of Dilute JOHN M. BEGOVICH, CLIFTON H. BROWN, JOHN F. VILLIERS-FISHER, Oak An integrated mini-pilot plant
Process Wastewaters: Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, WARREN T. THOMPSON, system was used to test a number
Mini-Pilot Plant Evaluation Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, GEORGE C. of unit operations for their
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IWC-86-07 Paper
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Mini-Pilot Plant Evaluation Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, GEORGE C. of unit operations for their
of an Integrated Process PATRICK, ERIC H. SNIDER, Engineering-Science, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia efficiency in removing very low
System to Meet the Clean levels of criteria trace elements
Water Act's Heavy-Metal and organics from process
and Organic Treatment wastewaters at ORNL. The criteria
Requirements at Oak metals (except for Hg) were
Ridge Nationsl Laboratory precipitated as hydroxides in a
reactor clarifier and further
removed by dual—media filters.
Following pH adjustment, volatile
organics were removed by air
stripping, while heavy organics and
Hg were removed in the granular
activated-carbon columns.
Renovation of Dilute JAMES MAVIS, CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Washington
Process Wastewaters:
Mini-Pilot Plant Evaluation
of an Integrated Process
System to Meet the Clean
Water Act's Heavy-Metal
and Organic Treatment
Requirements at Oak
Ridge Nationsl Laboratory
Water Deionization by CRAIG J. BROWN, CATHERINE J. FLETCHER, Eco-Tec Limited, Pickering, Lab data and actual operating data
Recoflo Short Bed Ion Ontario, Canada from deionizers utilizing shallow
Exchange bed ion exchange techniques are
presented. Six inch high beds of
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IWC-86-08 Paper
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fine mesh resin and countercurrent
regenerant techniques were used
to produce product water qualities
up to 5 Megohm-cm from Great
Lakes Water, with regenerant
consumption of approximately 30
to 50% of those used by
conventional co-currently
regenerated units.
Water Deionization by PETER WATTS, Ecodyne, Ltd., Oakville, Ontario, Canada
Recoflo Short Bed Ion
Exchange
Ion Exchange Resin BABU R. NOTT, DUANE A. CHARTIER, DUNCAN H. BARBER, Ontario Hydro, In this paper, attention is focused
Performance in CANDU Research Division, Toronto, Canada on the performance of ion
Moderator Systems exchange resins in CANDU
moderator systems - more
specifically on the performance of
mixed bed resins used for removal
of gadolinium nitrate from
moderator water. We describe
details of a test program that was
undertaken to find a suitable
substitute to Amberlite IRN-300
mixed bed resin that had
previously been used for
gadolinium nitrate removal until its
production was discontinued by its
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IWC-86-09 Paper
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production was discontinued by its
manufacturer. Results of
laboratory and pilot scale tests on
performance of several strong acid
cation/weak base anion mixed bed
resins and cation-augmented
strong cation/strong anion mixed
beds are presented.
Ion Exchange Resin FRANK X. McGARVEY, Sybron Chemicals Inc, Birmingham, New Jersey
Performance in CANDU
Moderator Systems
Design and ROBERT A. HART, SALLY A. THOMAS, Conoco, Inc., Ponca City, Oklahoma This paper describes a two stage
Implementation of a process used to successfully
Softening Process for High soften high total dissolved solids,
TDS Oil Field Produced TDS, oilfield produced water using
Water a strong acid followed by a weak
acid ion exchange resin. Startup
difficulties and problem solutions
are discussed. Compared to
standard regeneration procedures
this novel regeneration recycle
scheme used less regenerant
chemical and resulted in a 90%
reduction in waste volume.
Operating experience and process
optimization are presented.
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IWC-86-10 Paper
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Design and PETER S. MEYERS, L*A Water Treatment Corporation, a Member of the Portals
Implementation of a Group, City of Industry, California
Softening Process for High
TDS Oil Field Produced
Water
TOC Removal from Make- WILLIAM S. MILLER, Ecolochem, Inc., Norfolk, Virginia, VERNON W. JONES, This paper describes the effects on
Up Water at Millstone ROBERT H. LANGER, Northeast Utilities Service Company, Waterford, both make-up water quality and
Nuclear Generating Connecticut system chemistry by the various
Station make up water treatment
processes used at Millstone
Station over the last ten years.
This opportunity to try various full
scale make-up water treatment
systems was made possible by
utilizing the capabilities of mobile
service companies to supplement
the capacity of the station’s make
up systems. Passage of organics
through the ion exchange make-up
system often prevented the
attainment of mixed bed effluent
conductivities below 0.3 mmho and
the high level of chlorides in the
secondary system could be
correlated to the concentration of
organics in the make-up system
effluent. Significant system quality
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IWC-86-11 Paper
Page 3139 of 5199 01/27/2018

improvements were obtained when
coagulation/filtration and reverse
osmosis processes were added to
existing ion exchange resin
systems.
TOC Removal from Make- MARJORIE BALAZS, Balazs Analytical Lab., Mountain View, California
Up Water at Millstone
Nuclear Generating
Station
Industry-Wide Survey of W. A. BYERS, J. E. RICHARDS, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, At the time this survey began, little
Organics in PWR's Pennsylvania, S. A. HOBART, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, information was available on the
California types or levels of organic
impurities that are typically found
in PWR’s. The survey is intended
to provide baseline data for future
corrosion testing and to provide
fundamental information that will
be helpful in refining PWR
chemistry guidelines and operating
practices. The plants in the survey
were chosen to provide a good
cross section of the industry with
respect to plant design, materials,
polisher usage, and cooling water
sources. The two chromatographic
techniques employed in the survey
are highly complimentary. Anion
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IWC-86-12 Paper
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ion chromatography is not very
effective at separating weakly
ionized species that are
determined easily by ion exclusion
chromatography, and ion exclusion
chromatography cannot easily
separate the completely ionized
species that are routine for anion
ion chroma tography. When both
techniques are used in analyzing a
sample, a broad range of ions can
be investigated.
Industry-Wide Survey of OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware
Organics in PWR's
On-Line Analysis of GARY D. BURNS, RICHARD C. NOLAN , JOHN E. CRUTCHFIELD, NUS EPRI research project number RP
Fluoride, Acetate, Operating Services Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, THOMAS O. 2647-1 is a program to monitor
Formate, Chloride, PASSELL, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California morpholine and morpholine
Carbonate, and Sulfate in decomposition products in the
a Single Run Using secondary cycle at the Beaver
Gradient Ion Valley Unit 1 Power Station. Phase
Chromatography I of the project, consisting of three
tasks to evaluate plant effects of
operation with morpholine, was
completed in May, 1985. Phase II,
begun in September, 1985 utilizes
on-line ion chromatography
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IWC-86-13 Paper
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on-line ion chromatography
monitoring of plant streams to
completely characterize
morpholine distribution and
decomposition products at low ppb
concentrations. This report
describes Task 4 - Analytical
Methods Development and
Verification and Task 6 -
Demonstration of On-line
Monitoring at Beaver Valley.
Characterization vs. JOSEPH F. SELANN, DAVID BROMLEY Engineering, Ltd., Edmonton, Canada, The paper briefly reviews the
Identification of Organics MICHAEL E. ROGERS, EMERSON C. SANFORD, Syncrude Canada, Ltd., mechanics of organic fouling of
in Boiler Feed Water Edmonton, Canada strong base anion, SBA, resins.
Treatment The Syncrude Mildred Lake water
treatment plant is described with
emphasis on operating difficulties.
The merits and shortcomings of
UV analysis for organics is
discussed. The difficulties
experienced in GC/MS organic
identification work are presented
and the value of such identification
is compared with gross
characterization of such organics.
The methodology of filtered
organic carbon/ total organic
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IWC-86-14 Paper
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carbon, FOC/TOC, work is outlined
together with the interpretation and
practical use of this analytical tool
in the characterization of organics
in demineralizer feed waters.
Characterization vs. YOUNG LEE, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, Illinois
Identification of Organics
in Boiler Feed Water
Treatment
Side-By-Side Comparison SUE A. HOBART, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, Adoption of stringent water
of Analytical Techniques: MICHAEL R. MILLER, GERARD F. PALINO, PAUL S. WALL, NWT Corporation, chemistry specifications for the
Organic Acids, Total San Jose, California,W. ART BYERS, , HECTOR SILVA, JAMES RICHARDS, secondary cycle of pressurized
Organic Carbon, and Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, water reactors, PWRs, has been
Anions in PWR Secondary one approach to minimize steam
Cycles generator tubing and support
structure corrosion. The effects of
major inorganic species (e.g.,
sodium, chloride, and sulfate) on
corrosion in these areas have
been reasonably well—quantified
and responsive specifications have
been developed. Only minimal
data exist, however, for the effects
of organics on secondary cycle
corrosion and for the identity and
concentrations of organics in
nuclear steam cycles. As part of
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IWC-86-15 Report
Page 3151 of 5199 01/27/2018

EPRI project number S306-12, an
industry survey of eleven PWR
plants was conducted to determine
to what extent PWR units were
affected by organic contamination [
Side-By-Side Comparison YOSHI TAKAHASHI, Dohrman Division, Xertex, Santa Clara, California
of Analytical Techniques:
Organic Acids, Total
Organic Carbon, and
Anions in PWR Secondary
Cycles
The Regeneration of Weak R. RAITER, Ayalon Water Conditioning Company, Ltd., Haifa, Israel A new process, which uses an
and Strong Cation aqueous solution of sulphur
Exchange Resins with an dioxide as a regenerant for weak
Aqueous Solution of SO2 and strong cation exchange resins,
has been investigated. The results
presented in this paper show that
the regeneration is possible even
without the addition of pH lowering
aids, such as aldehydes or
ketones. Fixed and fluidized bed
techniques were used in the
experiments. The subject of
treatment of regeneration effluents
is also examined in this paper,
showing that there is a strong
possibility of an almost complete
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IWC-86-16 Report
Page 3154 of 5199 01/27/2018

recycle of the components. The
industrial applications of the
regeneration are described, the
process being seen as a link
between water and air pollutant
treatment.
Demineralization Retrofit KENNETH J. KALLFISCH, Ebasco Services, Inc., New York, New York, A program of life extension for
and Upgrade at Jersey NICHOLAS T. ESPOSITO, Jersey Central Power & Light Company, Morristown, existing stations within the Jersey
Central Power and Light New Jersey , ALAN A. DAVIS, Hungerford & Terry, Inc., Clayton, New Jersey, , Central Power & Light Company
Company, Sayreville Plant K. H. FREDERICK,D. P. FETTERMAN, KENNETH M. BURRIS JR., GPU has been underway during the
Nuclear Corporation, Reading, Pennsylvania, past few years. The program is
motivated largely by a combination
of escalating costs for new
generating facilities and revisions
to the protected needs for new
generating capacity. It consists of
an evaluation of the operating
condition of existing plants to
determine the condition of major
components. Where these
investigations show that the
service expectations of the major
equipment items justify life
extension, the effort is then
concentrated toward the support
systems. These systems are
upgraded, as necessary, to
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IWC-86-17 Report
IWC-86-18 Report
Page 3157 of 5199 01/27/2018

improve their reliability and bring
them into conformance with
current technological standards.
Details are given on the upgrade of
the maskeup water system by
installaion a new demineralizer
from a vancelled project.
Field Experience with DAVID J. HAYEK, LEONARD W. TARPLEY, Corpus Christi Petrochemical The performance of a two-bed
Replacing Demineralized Company, Corpus Christi, Texas strong base counter flow
Water with Decationized demineralizer system resulted in a
Water for Acid Regenerant costly and sometimes inadequate
Dilution and Anion Block water supply to the Corpus Christi
Petrochemical Company Olefins
complex. An improvement program
concluded in improving efficiency
and reducing costs. One of the
major effects on the cost was the
use of excess cation capacity to
provide cation regenerant water
and anion blocking water in place
of demineralized water as the
current practice.
Ion Exchange Resins - FRIEDRICH B. MARTINOLA, HEIKO D. HOFFMANN, Bayer AG, Leverkusen Effluent from waste incinerators
Their Application in Flue West Germany, contains not only high
Gas Scrubbing at concentrations of calcium, but also
Incineration Plants small quantities of transition and
heavy metals such as copper,
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IWC-88-03D Report
IWC-86-19 Report
Page 3160 of 5199 01/27/2018

nickel, zinc, lead, cadmium and
mercury. Ion exchange resins with
iminodiacetate or
aminophosphonic acid groups
have a high selectivity for calcium.
Nevertheless, they are able to
adsorb these heavy metals, even
from concentrated solutions of
calcium salts. The residual values
are below 50 ppb and usually
below 10 ppb. Mercury is an
exception. In order to remove this
metal, a further resin column has
to be used downstream of the ion
exchange unit for heavy metals.
This second column contains a
specific resin for the mercury, as is
also used for the treatment of
effluent from chlor—alkali
electrolysis.
A Novel Synergistic ALAN L. SMITH, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Chlorine and Copper
Technique to Control
Biofouling with Low
Environmental Impact
Powdered Weakly Acidic BRUCE L. LIBUTTI, ROBERT D. FORMAN, ROBERT KUNIN, Graver Chemical This progress report concerns filter
Ion Exchange Resins in Company, Union, New Jersey precoats. These materials replace
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IWC-86-20 Report
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Condensate Polishing two to three feet of ion exchange
resins in deep beds by fractions of
an inch of powdered resin. The
relative performance of sulfonic
and carboxylic functional
powdered resins was not
predictable from the deep bed
work due to possible dominance
by kinetic effects. Performance
was determined in the ammonia
cycle. The efficacy of carboxylic
acid-functional resin was
compared to sulfonic acid
functional resin in laboratory
simulated condenser leak
situations, and a precoat
containing the carboxylic resin was
then evaluated in a pilot plant with
condensate under steady state
conditions in an operating power
plant. Performance was compared
to that of a standard, commercial,
sulfonic acid functional precoat.
"Extractables" in New SALLIE FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Berwyn, Pennsylvania A study of what soluble impurities
Resins: A Further Look At the ion exchange resins may
What They Are and What contribute to the polished
Becomes of Them condensate by leaching as well as
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IWC-86-21 Paper
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postulation of what happens to
them in a high pressure boiler has
been made. The work includes
separation and identification of
organic amines and sulfonates by
ion chromatography.
Alternative Chemical LINDA L. SCHNEIDER, DONOVAN C. HUTCHENS, Omaha Public Power Frequent cycling of high pressure
Treatments for Cyclically District, Omaha, Nebraska boilers can create conditions
Operated Units conducive to a high corrosion rate.
Even with high purity makeup
water and monitoring of control
parameters, water chemistry
fluctuations are frequent during
start-up and shut down times.
Chemical additions of catalyzed
hydrazine and morpholine have
provided minimal control of pH and
corrosion metal transport during
cycling. Two hydrazine
replacements were evaluated on
their ability to decrease trace metal
levels in the economizer inlet
sample. This paper discusses the
effectiveness of
diethylhydroxylamine and
carbohydrazide for reducing iron
and copper oxides at the Omaha
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IWC-86-22 Report
IWC-86-23 Paper
Page 3169 of 5199 01/27/2018

Public Power District.
Alternative Chemical JAMES O. ROBINSON, Betz Laboratories, Trevose, Pennsylvania

Treatments for Cyclically
Operated Units
EPRI RP2712-3 D. M. SOPOCY, A. F. ASCHOFF, Sargent & Lundy, Chicago, Illinois, R. B. A transportable, state-of-the-art
Monitoring Cycle DOOLEY, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, C. C. monitoring and data acquisition
Chemistry at Six Fossil STAUFFER, Babcock & Wilcox, Alliance, Ohio system has been designed to
Plants verify that the sampling points,
parameters, and target values
presented in EPRI CS 4629,
Interim Consensus Guidelines on
Fossil Plant Cycle Chemistry are
reasonable, practicable, and
achievable, and identify any
modifications to these guidelines
that may be warranted for cycling
operation. Also discussed are the
special design features of this
system to ensure representative
sampling, accurate low- level
monitoring, and on-line data
acquisitions and analysis
throughout the transient conditions
inherent in cycle operation.
Retrofitting of Condenser ROBERT E. PALMER, MICHAEL J. BENNETT, Detroit Edison, Detroit, Michigan Condenser steam spargers are an
Steam Spargers important tool for controlling
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IWC-86-24 Paper
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feedwater dissolved oxygen levels
especially on cycling units. They
function by reheating and agitating
the condensate to liberate
dissolved gases. A sparger is
easily installed with a minimum of
time and expense. Differences in
the configuration of condenser
internals do necessitate
unit—specific designs. Examples
of several plant designs are
followed by performance data
obtained during unit startups and
at minimum loads.
Retrofitting of Condenser ISHAI OLIKER, FRANK SILAGHY, Burns & Roe Company, Oradell, New Jersey
Steam Spargers
Corrosion Product T. A. HOOK, W. L. PEARL, S. G. SAWOCHKA, NWT Corporation, San Jose, The objectives of Electric Power
Transport at a Cycling California, J. PUGSLEY, Florida Power & Light Company, Miami, Florida J. Research Institute, EPRI, program
Fossil Plant SCHEIBEL, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California RP1184-9 were to determine the
effect of major chemistry
parameters and operating
procedures corrosion and
corrosion product transport in
cyclic high pressure fossil boilers
and to recommend methods that
will reduce corrosion product
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IWC-86-25 Paper
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will reduce corrosion product
transport and increase unit
availability,_x000D_
Tests were conducted at Florida
Power & Light’s Port Everglades
Station to determine the effect of
chemistry and operational changes
on corrosion product transport
during cyclic operation.
Shutdown/startup oxygen levels
were found to have the most
significant effect. Other variables
and their effects on corrosion
product transport are discussed.
Corrosion Product JAMES BROWN, Ontario Hydro Research Division, Ontario, Canada
Transport at a Cycling
Fossil Plant
Standby Boiler Protection EDGAR EIHACHI WATANABE, NELSON GASTALDO, Aquatec Quimica S. A., Certain industries operate utilities
via Novel Vapor Phase Sao Paulo, Brasil, JAMES N. TANIS, Aquatec Quimica S. A., Ridgefield, on a seasonal basis due to
Inhibitor Connecticut agricultural related seasons.
Traditional wet or dry standby
procedures for boiler corrosion
inhibition many times incorporate
toxic or hazardous materials that
can create many problems. After
testing many inert vehicles and
vaporizing substances, a novel
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IWC-86-26 Paper
IWC-86-27 Paper
Page 3178 of 5199 01/27/2018

vaporizing substances, a novel
vapor phase inhibitor, based on
aliphatic and cyclic amine salts,
was developed to protect mild
steel boiler surfaces during idle
periods. Cyclic amines were tested
as vapor phase inhibitors for
boilers in layup.
Standby Boiler Protection JESSE S. BEECHER, Consultant, Drew Industrial Division, Ashland Chemical
via Novel Vapor Phase Co.,
Inhibitor
Eight Years of Modified ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim AG, Mannheim, Federal Republic Eight years ago in units having
AVT with Elevated Oxygen of Germany supercritical OTSG the AVT
Level for Once-Through process with ammonia and
Steam Generators hydrazine was substituted by a
modified AVT (pH
Eight Years of Modified FREDERICK J. POCOCK, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Research and
AVT with Elevated Oxygen Development Division, Alliance, Ohio
Level for Once-Through
Steam Generators
Review of Boiler Water J. STODOLA, Ontario Hydro, Toronto, Canada Boiler water phosphate chemistry
Alkalinity Control of high pressure boilers is
reviewed in response to the fact
that many boilers, including most
of Ontario Hydro’s, cannot
continuously operate within the
limits of coordinated or congruent
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IWC-86-28 Paper
Page 3181 of 5199 01/27/2018

limits of coordinated or congruent
regimes due to excessive hide-out.
A new phosphate based boiler
water alkalinity control method is
recommended, which combines
benefits of the old techniques but
avoids potential risks of excessive
fouling of internal surfaces and/or
corrosion of boiler components.
Review of Boiler Water DOUGLAS OLIVER, East Kentucky Power Cooperative, Inc., Winchester,
Alkalinity Control Kentucky
Monitoring of Morpholine JOHN M. RIDDLE, US Operating Services Corporation, Pittsburgh, On-line ion chromatography was
and its Decomposition Pennsylvania, THOMAS O. PASSELL, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo used to characterize secondary
Products at Beaver Valley Alto, California, V. J. LINNENBOM, Jr., Duquesne Light Company, Shippingport, cycle morpholine, ammonia,
Power Station Pennsylvania organic acids, sulfate, chloride,
and fluoride levels at Beaver
Valley Unit 1. This EPRI-
sponsored study , EPRI RP2547,
shows that morpholine usage will
elevate steam generator blowdown
cation conductivity levels by 0.1 to
0.15/microS/cm. as a result of
organic acids. Morpholine was
distributed evenly but the transient
concentrations and effects of the
indivdual organic acid
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IWC-86-29 Paper
Page 3184 of 5199 01/27/2018

indivdual organic acid
decomposition products were
difficult to interpret.
Monitoring of Morpholine WESLEY L. PEARL, S. G. SAWOCHKA, NWT Corporation, San Jose, California
and its Decomposition
Products at Beaver Valley
Power Station
EDR Retrofit at McKay PRABHAT KUMAR SINHA, Bechtel Civil, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, Water quality and demineralizer
Bay Refuse to Energy KISHORE T. GOKHALE, Bechtel Eastern Power Corporation, Gaithersburg, operation related problems led to
Plant Maryland, EDWARD P. GEISHECKER, Ionics, Inc., Waterford, Massachusetts, the evaluation of membrane
WILLIAM D. ENGEL, Waste Management, Inc., Tampa, Florida process for pretreatment and
reduction of TDS in the influent
water. An electrodialysis reversal.
EDR, unit was installed at the
McKay Bay Refuse-to-Energy
Plant following re-evaluation of
design criteria and the quality of
influent water. Operating data on
the demineralizer has been
presented in this paper with the
effect on performance of the EDR
processes currently in use as
roughing demineralizers.
EDR Retrofit at McKay JOHN M, PUGSLEY, Florida Power & Light Company, Miami, Florida
Bay Refuse to Energy
Plant
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IWC-86-30 Paper
IWC-86-31 Paper
Page 3187 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Decision to Retrofit MARK C. ADAMS, Kansas City Power & Light Company, Kansas City, Missouri, In 1983, the Kansas City Power &
Reverse Osmosis for AUSTIN F. McCORMACK, McCormack Corporation, Dallas, Texas Light Company retrofitted a
Boiler Water Make-Up at a 275,000 gallon per day reverse
Midwest Utility osmosis system at their LaCaygne
Generating Station. This paper will
investigate the history of the
circumstances responsible for the
increased loadings on the
demineralizer system and the
alternatives evaluated by KCP&L
for restoring boiler water make-up
capability. The retrofitted reverse
osmosis system lengthened the
demineralizer runs and effectively
increseased the makeup water
system capabilities and reduced
costs.
The Decision to Retrofit JAMES L. McNUTT, Camp Dresser & McKee Inc., Dallas, Texas
Reverse Osmosis for
Boiler Water Make-Up at a
Midwest Utility
Colloidal Silica Removal JAMES A. McCAW, Jr., New York State Electric & Gas Corporation, Binghamton, In 1983 an ultrafiltration system
by Ultrafiltration New York was installed at the Milliken Station
of New York State Electric and
Gas Corporation to remove
colloidal silica from the boiler
make-up water which caused
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IWC-86-32 Paper
Page 3190 of 5199 01/27/2018

delays during unit start-up. This
paper discussed the alternatives
and the hollow fiber. Ultrafiltration
system installation and silica,
alumina, iron and orgonic colloid
removal performance. This system
has significantly reduced the start
time and ecoomic costs.
Colloidal Silica Removal ROBERT DVORIN, New York Power Authority, White Plains, New York
by Ultrafiltration
Combination Cooling CARL R. CAMPER, Jr., MARK R. STEVENS, Montana Power Company,
Water/FGD Wet Scrubber Colstrip, Montana, EDWARD W. EKIS, Jr., M. LINDA LIN, MICHAEL T.
Chemical Treatment at MEYERKORD, RICHARD J. MOUCHE, ROBERT W. SHIELY, Nalco Chemical
Montana Power Company Company Naperville, Illinois
Hollow Fiber Filtration - A ROBERT L. HARKINS, HPD Incorporated, Naperville, Illinois, JAMES F. SMALL, The Callaway Nuclear Station of
Summary Economic and Union Electric Company, Fulton, Missouri Union Electric has had problems
Filtration Report obtaining satisfactory filtration of its
condensate polishing regenerate
waste streams which did not meet
the discharge requirements.
Therefore, alternative filters were
investigated and two were selected
to be tested in parallel with the
existing cartridge filters. A non-
precoat backwashable permanent
type hollow fiber filter, HFF, was
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IWC-86-33 Report
IWC-86-34 Paper
Page 3193 of 5199 01/27/2018

type hollow fiber filter, HFF, was
tested successfully and showed
very favorable
operating/replacement costs,
projected long life, minimum
backwash volumes and rates.
Hollow Fiber Filtration - A WILLIAM G. LIGHT, Fluid Systems Division, UOP, Inc., San Diego, California
Summary Economic and
Filtration Report
The Physical Strength of MALCOLM BALL, RICHARD RONAYNE HARRIES, WALTER WILLIAM The CEGB assesses the physical
Ion Exchange Resins PICKERING, Central Electricity, Generating Board, Nottingham, England strengths of ion exchange resins
by exposing samples to a series of
physical and osmotic stresses. The
technique used, results obtained,
and the trends observed over the
past 15 years are described. Case
studies are cited linking the
laboratory results to the resin
performance and life obtained on
plant.
Field Experiences and ROBERT D. MOSS, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, Tennessee, The Tennessee Valley Authority
Results of two Targeted STEPHEN P. GAUTNEY, Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, Alabama, has been testing for two years at
Treatment Systems PATRICK A. MARCH, Tennessee Valley Authority, Norris, Tennessee two fossil power plants a method
of feeding chlorine to condenser
systems using a manifold feeder
system to control biofouling with
much lower chorine usage. This
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IWC-86-35 Paper
Page 3196 of 5199 01/27/2018

much lower chorine usage. This
method has been called Targeted
Chlorination, TC. This paper will
provide an evaluation of the
reliability, operability, applicability,
and the effect on unit efficiency of
a new method ,Targeted
Treatment System, TTS, using a
movable manifold feeders in the
condenser waterbox
Field Experiences and PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, Colorado
Results of two Targeted
Treatment Systems
Controlling Corrosion in CHRIS A. BISSETT, West Texas Utilities Company, Abilene, Texas, JAMES F. A utility experienced unacceptable
Admiralty Surface HARRISON, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania corrosion on admiralty condensate
Condensers - A New tubes. Normal dosages of
Approach tolyltriazole did not maintain low
corrosion rates. Marginal inhibition
resulted in soluble copper in
recirculating waters and resulting
galvanic corrosion on steel.
Treatment of the system with
mixed corrosion inhibitors has
given excellent control of steel and
copper corrosion.
Controlling Corrosion in RUSSELL W. LANE, Water Treatment Consultant, Champaign, Illinois
Admiralty Surface
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IWC-86-36 Report
Page 3199 of 5199 01/27/2018

Admiralty Surface
Condensers - A New
Approach
An Improved Method for GEORGE F. HAYS, JENNY THOM, Drew Industrial Division, Boonton, New A computerized on-line monitor
the On-Line Determination Jersey which determines fouling factors,
of Operating Efficiency of corrosion rates, and other closely
a Cooling Water System related parameters has been used
to evaluate more than 800 cooling
systems during the past 6 years.
The monitor can closely model
operating conditions in a plant’s
critical heat exchanger. A review of
the 5 million data records
generated by computerized on-line
monitors available on a main-
frame data base, demonstrates
that such monitors can be used
effectively to help optimize a
cooling water treatment program,
reduce energy cost, reduce
maintenance time and expense,
and maintain production rates by
alleviating cooling water related
bottlenecks. The monitoring
equipment presented has the
additional advantage of operating
in parallel with the plant heat
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IWC-86-37 Paper
Page 3202 of 5199 01/27/2018

exchanger, which in no way
impedes the day-to-day operation
of the cooling system. The
monitor’s instrumentation may be
calibrated without effect on the
cooling system. The heat transfer
surface may be observed, thus
providing visual confirmation of the
computer generated results.
Typical applications are discussed.
Corrosion Inhibition PAUL D. SCHUMACHER, Wisconsin Electric Power Company, Milwaukee, Corrosion in electric utility systems
Techniques in Wisconsin, ROY A. JOHNSON, JOHN A. ROMBERGER, Nalco Chemical can cause losses in availability,
Recirculating Cooling Company, Naperville, Illinois unplanned outages, increased
Water maintenance costs, and shorter
lifetimes for equipment. This paper
discusses the approach taken by
Wisconsin Electric Power
Company to implement a cooling
water program at the Pleasant
Prairie Power Plant. All aspects of
the cooling water program are
discussed; however, control of
carbon steel corrosion in the low
flow areas of the cooling system
was determined to be the critical
parameter. Over a 5-year period, a
total of five different chemical
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IWC-86-38 Report
Page 3205 of 5199 01/27/2018

treatment programs were
evaluated. Implementation of a
unique alkaline dispersed zinc
program provided a cost-effective
way to minimize scale, deposition,
and corrosion and at the same
time comply with environmental
discharge regulations at this
operating plant.
Corrosion Inhibition BENNETT P, BOFFARDI, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Techniques in
Water
Combination Cooling WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
Water/FGD Wet Scrubber
Chemical Treatment at
Montana Power Company
Rapid Biocide Selection RICHARD A. CLARK, Buckman Laboratories, Memphis, Tennessee Traditionally. The selection of
biocides for use in water treatment
has been based on During the past
few years, standard
microbiological procedures have
been modified or alternative
methods used in an effort to
provide reliable results in a shorter
time. One such method is based
on the reduction of resazurin by
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IWC-86-39 Report
Page 3208 of 5199 01/27/2018

actively respiring microflora. It is
based on the principle that aerobic
and anaerobic microorganisms
actively carry on
oxidation/reduction activities.
Hence electrons and hydrogens
are constantly being lost and
accepted during the respiratory
processes of living cells. Resazurin
is an artificial hydrogen acceptor
and is reduced during the process.
In its most oxidized form, resazurin
is a slate blue color in solution, and
during reduction it passes through
a pink to a colorless state when
fully reduced. It is the purpose of
this report to demonstrate the
usefulness of the technique for the
selection of biocides and to
describe the results of operational
variables on its sensitivity.
Kinetic Analysis of a New WILLIAM F. McCOY, JAMES E. RIDGE, EDWARD S. LASHEN, Rohm and Haas A biocide delivery system is
Biocide Delivery System Company, Spring House, Pennsylvania described with solid
for Cooling Towers methylchloro/methylisothiazolone
inside a spun-bonded and
perforated polyethylene packet.
The packet is designed to provide
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IWC-86-40 Report
IWC-86-41 Report
Page 3211 of 5199 01/27/2018

the industry with a safe and
effective method to control
microbiological fouling in small
water cooling systems. A test
program in a stiired tank indicated
a first order kinetic release model
which can be used to predict the
cooling system biocide
concentrations as a function of
time.
Rapid Evaluation of MICHAEL F. COUGHLIN, GARY CAPLAN, Bird Archer, Inc., Cobourg, Canada A dynamic flow test apparatus has
Corrosion Inhibitors been engineered to evaluate
corrosion inhibitors used in
recirculating water systems in 24-
48 hours. Control over physical
parameters and water
characteristics (velocity, turbulence
and chemistry) permit simulation of
any industrial environment. Weight
loss of tubular specimens and total
oxidized iron are the indices of
corrosion.
Temperature Effects on BRIAN A. DEMPSEY, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, The effects of temperature and
Coagulation Processes Pennsylvania, LINDLE WILLNOW, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, mixing intensity on the
Using Salts of Aluminum PENELOPE PAGONI, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri effectiveness of coagulation using
aluminum salts are reported. The
major dependent variables are
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IWC-86-42 Paper
Page 3214 of 5199 01/27/2018

removal of turbidity and color,
settling velocities of the flocs, and
residual total and filterable
aluminum. Results indicate the
superiority of pre-polymerized
aluminum salts for low-
temperature applications.
Microcomputer Code for DALE M. SOPOCY, ROBERT J. CHIESA, N. M. KASS, Sargent & Lundy, This paper discusses and
Power Plant Water Chicago, Illinois, W. C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo demonstrates a microcomputer
Management Alto, California program which allows plant-
specific water management
options to be evaluated on both
technical and economic bases.
Program capabilities include
performing water and material
balances, estimating capital and
operating costs, and performing
sensitivity analyses for alternative
process components. Key features
include user-friendliness and
technical databases concerning
power plant water-related
components to significantly reduce
the time to obtain correct results
and evaluate design alternatives.
Microcomputer Code for ROBERT M. ROSAIN, CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Washington
Power Plant Water
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IWC-86-43 Paper
Page 3217 of 5199 01/27/2018

Management
Advanced Real-Time Data SUSAN M. WOZNIAK, JOHN R. BALAVAGE, PHIL J. BATTAGLIA, The on-line monitoring system and
Acquisition/Data Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chemistry Data Center described
Management Techniques above provides operating plant
for Chemical On-Line personnel the opportunity to
Monitors control their plants on a real tine
basis. The data can be transmitted
to a central data analysis center
where modeling and diagnostics
are performed. It is believed that
the systems described in this
paper will allow technical people to
effectively recognize chemical
upset conditions in a timely
fashion, thereby leading to a faster
response tine to correct these
excursions. This is the pro-active
approach to maintenance. Integral
to the success of this approach is
the utility’s management
commitment to proper water
chemistry. By providing a more
accurate representation of the
secondary chemistry along with
management’s support in
performing the necessary actions,
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IWC-86-45 Paper
Page 3220 of 5199 01/27/2018

performing the necessary actions,
the implementation of such a
chemistry data management
system should help to achieve
additional operating plant
availability and reliability.
Advanced Real-Time Data WILLIAM E. ALLMON, Babcock and Wilcox, A McDermott Company, Research
Acquisition/Data and Development Division_x000D_
Management Techniques Alliance, Ohio
for Chemical On-Line
Monitors
Utilizing SPC Techniques W. T. CHISHOLM, D. BURELLA, Dofasco, Inc., Hamilton, Canada The use of Statistical Process
to Monitor Surface Control, SPC, tools, methods and
Condenser Performance moving range control charts has
resulted in maintaining improved
condenser efficiencies. SPC is
used to monitor one key factor, the
condenser back pressure,
accounting for overall condenser
performance. Seasonal and
process variability. SPC has
enabled the development of
exacting criteria for the evaluation
of cooling water treatment
programs
Utilizing SPC Techniques WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
to Monitor Surface
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IWC-86-47 Paper
Page 3223 of 5199 01/27/2018

Condenser Performance
Hideout in PWR Steam GARY E. BROBST, GEBCO Engineering, Inc., Los Altos, California, GARY
Generators during Normal BURNS, NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Operation
Identification and Control MARVIN D. SILBERT, Marvin Silbert & Associates, Willowdale, Ontario, Canada, Scaling problems have occurred in
of Scaling in Recirculating GABRIEL M. NICOLAIDE, TONY A. TONELLI, Zenon Environmental, Inc., recirculating ash—transport
Ash-Disposal Systems Burlington, Ontario, Canada systems at a number of coal—fired
electrical generating stations. The
severity of the problem varies from
increased maintenance through to
plant outages. With many coals,
full recycle of ash—transport water
produces a water high in pH,
alkalinity and calcium. The major
source of scaling is calcium
carbonate. Its potential for
deposition can be directly related
to the Langelier Saturation Index,
LSI, providing it is recognized that
the LSI is derived from a quadratic
equation and that the conventional
calculation no longer applies in the
higher pH range. Predictions can
be totally the opposite to those
derived from conventional LSI
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IWC-86-48 Paper
IWC-86-49 Paper
Page 3226 of 5199 01/27/2018

calculations. They are however, in
excellent agreement with actual
operating experience as well as
seasonal variations.
Identification and Control DOUGLAS B. DEWITT-DICK, Drew Industrial Division, Ashland Chemical
of Scaling in Recirculating Company, Div., Ashland Oil, Inc., Boonton, New Jersey
Ash-Disposal Systems
Innovative Design for DAVID R. JONES, Brown and Caldwell Consulting Engineers, Pasadena, Threatened with chloramine
Chloramine Removal for California, JOHN C. DETWEILER, Brown and Caldwell Consulting Engineers, addition to their water supply,
Pharmaceutical Company Eugene, Oregon, DAVID E. SEVERY, Hyland Therapeutics Division, Travenol Hyland Therapeutics faced a
Water Supply Laboratories, Los Angeles, California possible shutdown. Various
chloramine removal processes
were evaluated and an innovative
process not used previously for
this application was chosen. This
used breakpoint chlorination
followed by granular activated
carbon treatment. The system was
designed and constructed within a
14-week schedule while keeping
the existing operation on-line.
Innovative Design for GERALD F. CONNELL, Capital Controls Company, Inc., Colmar, Pennsylvania
Chloramine Removal for
Pharmaceutical Company
Water Supply
Significant Silica P. C. D. GEORGE SAMUEL, Madras Refineries Limited, Madras, Tamil Nadu, Laboratory jar test trials were
Reduction in Cold Lime India conducted with magnesium oxide,
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Page 3229 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reduction in Cold Lime India conducted with magnesium oxide,
Process magnesium sulphate, magnesium
sulphate along with sodium
carbonate and basic magnesium
carbonate to find out which of them
could give significant silica
reduction in cold lime process for
our deep bore well water. Trials
showed that basic magnesium
carbonate is the chemical which
gave 70 to 80% silica removal
without adding any ionic loads in
the treated effluent._x000D_
Plant trials with basic magnesium
carbonate in the sludge blanket
type clarifier also confirmed such
significant reduction in silica in the
treated effluent. Results of silica
reduction in laboratory and plant
trials suggest that the silica
removal mechanism is more
towards the precipitation theory
rather than adsorption theory.The
economics of the four treatment
processes were evaluated and it
was found that the addition of
basic magnesium carbonate in
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IWC-86-50 Report
IWC-86-51 Report
Page 3232 of 5199 01/27/2018

cold lime process for silica removal
was the cheapest.
Significant Silica GEORGE J. CRITS, Cochrane Environmental Systems, King of Prussia,
Reduction in Cold Lime Pennsylvania
Process
Comparative Investigation DAN VANDERPOOL, Mobay Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , H. J. The inhibitor characteristics of four
into Corrosion Inhibitors ROTHER, Bayer AG, Krefeld, West Germany, S. STROP, D. KURON, Bayer different copper corrosion
for Copper AG, Leverkusen, West Germany inhibitors, namely. Tolyltriazole,
TT, benzotriazole, BT,
mercaptobenzotriazole, MBT, and
pentylamino-benzimidazole, PAB,.
have been compared. In addition
to a comparison of pH-
effectiveness profiles and
electrochemical behavior, film
thickness and composition as
determined by surface analytical
methods will be discussed.
Operating Experience in WALTER G. FLINT, Kewaunee Nuclear Station, Kewaunee, Wisconsin, Upon startup after a scheduled
Correcting Severe ROBERT J. McINTOSH, Anatel Instrument Corporation, Boulder, Colorado outage at the Kewaunee Nuclear
Secondary Chemistry PWR high Total Organic Carbon,
Upsets by Controlling TOC, levels in the surface water
Makeup Water Organics source resulted in formation of out
(TOC) of range chlorides and cation
conductivity in the secondary
steam system. Use of an on-line
TOC analyzer to identify and
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IWC-86-52 Report
Page 3235 of 5199 01/27/2018

TOC analyzer to identify and
control the TOC problem resulted
in the avoidance of a power
reduction and subsequently greatly
improved chemistry was obtained
with upgraded pretreatment and
makeup demineralizer operation.
New Condensate WILLIAM E. BORNAK, Betz Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, Pennsylvania Maximizing the return of
Monitoring Techniques condensate to the boiler feedwater
circuit is a goal of all industrial
utilities. To ensure reliable boiler
operation, however, the quality of
this valuable commodity must be
accurately assessed before it is
recycled. Several problems can
arise during procurement and the
analysis, such as flashing of the
condensate sample and
condensate chemistry variations
with time. This paper focuses on
new composite sampling
techniques for solving these
problems, including modifications
of commercial equipment and
developmental prototypes. An
easy method for differentiating
soluble from insoluble iron is
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IWC-86-53 Report
Page 3238 of 5199 01/27/2018

presented, and several commercial
turbidimeters for monitoring
condensate quality are evaluated.
Small ion exchange columns are
shown to be ineffective for
cumulative iron collection.
Free vs. Captive S. T. COSTA, J. M. PACE, R. D. TRUMBETTA, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh,
Alkalinity...Factors Pennsylvania
Affecting the Choice of a
High Pressure Industrial
Boiler Internal Treatment
Program
The Thermal Degradation GEORGE SIMON, UNC Nuclear Industries, Richland, Washington Observations of the thermal
of Hydroxyl Form Strong degradation of a Type I Anion
Base Type I Anion Exchange resins are presented.
Exchange Material The data include a temperature
range from 750F (2320CJ, and
crosslinking range of 2% to 16%
by weight. A mechanism is
proposed, and the observations
are used to define an overall rate
constant for the degradation of the
quarternary and tertiary amines as
a function of exposure
temperature. The data and
derivations presented in this paper
has provided a guide to evaluating
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IWC-86-54 Report
Page 3241 of 5199 01/27/2018

stong base anion resin
performance and life under plant
operating conditions.
Anion Exchange Resin J. T. McNULTY, M. EUMANN, C. A. BEVAN, V. C. T. TAN, Rohm and Haas Anion resin kinetic testino has
Kinetic Testing - An Company, Spring House, Pennsylvania, proven to be a valuable and even
Indispensable Diagnostic indispensable tool for condensate
Tool for Condensate polisher trouble shooting. The
Polisher Troubleshooting experimentally determined sulfate
mass transfer coefficient was
found to be predictive of
condensate polisher performance.
In instances where rapid or
unexpected polisher failures
occurred the decline in mass
transfer coefficient was especially
significant. The risk of an
unexpected polisher failure can by
minimized by periodic kinetic
testing of the anion exchange
resin’s sulfate mass transfer
coefficient. Testing frequency will
depend on polisher operating
experience. Generally, resins that
have been installed two years or
longer should be tested on an
annual basis. However, when
persistent problems arise in
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IWC-86-55 Report
IWC-86-56 Report
Page 3244 of 5199 01/27/2018

achieving and maintaining feed
water quality a kinetic
measurement should be made.
Field Experiences with the F. X. McGARVEY, M. MOLDOFSKY, Sybron Chemicals, Inc., Birmingham, New A high solids water deionization
Stability of Strong Base Jersey, DAVID HAYEK, LEONARD TARPLEY, Corpus Christi Petrochemical plant in southern Texas
Resins at Corpus Christi Company, Corpus Christi, Texas experienced resin instability when
Petrochemical Company a Type II strong base anion
exchange resin was employed.
Replacement with a Type I anion
exchange resin reduced the rate of
instability. Results of the resin
degradation reactions were
reviewed are compared with other
field experience. The economics of
resin selection confirmed the
optimum selection of the porous
Type I strong base resin.
Experiences with a Shock KURT HOCHMÜLLER, BASF AG, Ludwigshafen/Rhein, Federal Republic of The possibility of testing the
Test for the Determination Germany resistance of ion exchange resins
of the Resistance of Ion to osmotic and hydromechanical
Exchange Resins to stress is a particularly important
Osmotic and criterion to gain information on the
Hydromechanical-Stresses behaviour of ion exchangers used
under industrial conditions.
Experiences with the German
Standard Method “Shock-Test”
and results for several ion
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IWC-86-57 Report
IWC-87-01 Paper
Page 3247 of 5199 01/27/2018

exchange resins are described.
Measurement of Sodium in HANS ZEHNDER, Polymetron AG, Switzerland

Boiler Feed Water:
Calibration without
Calibration Solution
Expert Systems D. M. SOPOCY, A. R. GLAZER, J. A. MONTANUS, Sargent & Lundy, Chicago, The use of computerizd expert
Applications in Water Illinois system for design and operation is
Treatment reviewed. By integrating an error-
free database about the
demineralizer’s operational and
maintenance history, with a rule
based on diagnosing and
correcting problems with ion
exchange equipment, a
quantitative expert system has
been developed. This expert
system can be designed that
mimics the approach that an
expert would take to solve a
problem. The power of a
microcomputer can be used
effectively to evaluate operating
data in real timed to detect subtle
trends in performance that would
not be apparent and recommends
corrsctive actions for developing
problems before they become
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Page 3250 of 5199 01/27/2018

serious.
Expert Systems ROBERT L. HAMILTON, Stearns-Roger Division, United Engineers & Maximizing the return of
Applications in Water Constructors, Denver Colorado condensate to the boiler feedwater
Treatment circuit is a goal of all industrial
utilities. To ensure reliable boiler
operation, however, the quality of
this valuable commodity must be
accurately assessed before it is
recycled. Several problems can
arise during procurement and the
analysis, such as flashing of the
condensate sample and
condensate chemistry variations
with time. This paper focuses on
new composite sampling
techniques for solving these
problems, including modifications
of commercial equipment and
developmental prototypes. An
easy method for differentiating
soluble from insoluble iron is
presented, and several commercial
turbidimeters for monitoring
condensate quality are evaluated.
Small ion exchange columns are
shown to be ineffective for
cumulative iron collection.
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IWC-87-02 Paper
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Water Quality Data DAVID J. SONNTAG, LEONARD J. TRUDEAU, Detroit Edison, Detroit, Michigan At the Detroit Edison Belle River
Acquisition System Power Plant, a real time data
acquisition system has been
installed to record and tabulate
information from on-line water
analyzers in the plant. Information
provided by the system replaces
the inaccurate and time consuming
method of using strip chart data to
monitor water quality parameters.
The data acquisition system
monitors approximately 82
analyzers. These analyzers
include conductivity, pH,
hydrazine, sodium, dissolved
oxygen and four other parameters.
Most of the on-line analyzers are
located in the centralized analyzer
room adjacent to the water lab,
which houses the data acquisition
equipment The system also
monitors local analyzers on the
make-up water system.
Water Quality Data JAMES A. MATHEWS, Duke Power Company, Charlotte, North Carolina
Acquisition System
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IWC-87-03 Paper
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Free vs. Captive T. J. TVEDT, Jr., The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas
Alkalinity...Factors
Affecting the Choice of a
High Pressure Industrial
Boiler Internal Treatment
Program
A PC Based BARRY W. VIAL, Duke Power Company, Charlotte, North Carolina Duke Power’s approach to
Condensate/Feedwater monitoring and control of
Chemistry Monitoring and condensate and boiler water
Control System for High chemistry has been a combination
Pressure and Supercritical of previous ideas. Duke’s method
Boilers is to bring all sample streams to a
mini-lab located in the power plant
and use a single analyzer for each
parameter to be monitored.
Multipoint sample valves direct
various samples to each analyzer.
The choice of sample is computer
directed and control can be based
on several parameters instead of
only one. The following paper
describes Duke Power Company’s
chemistry monitoring and control
system and discusses its features
and advantages.
A PC Based JACK K. SCHMOTZER, Babcock & Wilcox, Research & Development Division
Condensate/Feedwater
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IWC-87-04 Report
IWC-87-05 Report
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Chemistry Monitoring and
Control System for High
Pressure and Supercritical
Boilers
Experiences with a Boiler ROGER A. LEWIS, Southern Company Services, Birmingham, Alabama, JUD Plant life extension is one of
Water Monitoring System RICHARDSON, Alabama Power Company, Gorgas, Alabama Alabama Power Company’s
for Three Remote Standby primary concerns; at Plant Gorgas
Generating Units they are extending its life by
modernizing some of its equipment
including the water analysis
Systems. As a part of the overall
plan for life extension on Units 5, 6
& 7, Alabama Power Company
management decided that a
continuous boiler water monitoring
system should be included to
prolong unit life and increase unit
availability.
Microchemistry of DONALD L. GIBBON, RICHARD G. VARSANIK, GEORGE C. SIMON, Calgon Techniques used in metallography
Corrosion: Failure Analysis Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and failure analysis once
Using Modern Electron- considered to be cutting edge are
Beam Techniques becoming outdated as images can
be collected, manipulated,
analyzed and processed element
by element. This paper examines
case histories of failures using
electron-beam techniques such as
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IWC-87-06 Report
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scanning electron microscopy,
transmission electron microscopy,
and analytical electron microscopy
combined with advanced
computerized image and spectral
analysis techniques providing
element maps in failure zones. A
combination of these techniques
along with traditional light
microscopy makes it possible to
understand extremely complex
corrosion processes. Case
histories are discussed from
nuclear power plants included
condenser tube pitting and IGA of
Alloy 600 steam generator tubes
A Self-Cleaning Dissolved JIM DARTEZ, Royce Instrument Corporation, New Orleans, Louisiana The development of a more
Oxygen Sensor for reliable self cleaning dissolved
Continuous Dissolved oxygen sensor was described
Oxygen Monitoring in which reduced the time between
Highly Eutrophic Aqueous re-calibrations. This used an in-
Environments situ electrochemical reaction
generating chlorine gas rather than
mechanical or hydraulic methods
to remove biological fouling from
the sensor surface. It has been
used in water, wastewater and
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IWC-87-07 Report
IWC-87-08 Paper
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aquaculture plants.
Ion Chromatographic DAVID BERG, DAN VANDERPOOL, Mobay Corporation, Pittsburgh, Phosphonates are widely used in
Analysis of Pennsylvania, DICK RUBIN, Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, California industrial waters as agents for
Organophosphonates in scale and corrosion control. These
Cooling Water phosphorus-containing organic
compounds are hydrolytically
stable and offer applications to a
host of industrial operations,
including boilers and cooling
systems. A modified ion
chromatographic method of
analysis for organophosphonates
is described which directly
identifies the organophosphonate,
and therefore, directly quantifies its
amount. The method can also be
used to simultaneously determine
the level of orthophosphate. It may
even be used to quantify chloride
and sulfate to determine cycles of
concentration and control sulfuric
acid feed.
Advanced Ion Exchange GREGORY R. ALLAN, Nuclear Fluids, Inc., Redmond, Washington The purpose of the fluid mechanics
Hydraulic Analysis and described in this paper is to model
Applications the hydraulic performance of ion
exchange and filtration processes.
The secondary purpose is to
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IWC-87-09 Paper
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provide an improved design
methodology for ion exchange and
filtration vessels. These purposes
are accomplished by applying
principles of fluid mechanics to the
existing empirical relations and
following it through to hardware
design. Then fluid distribution
criteria, connecting distributor
design to the flow through the bed
of solids and improved systems
operations can be achieved. The
fluid mechanics apply to any bed
of solids -ion exchange resins or
particulate filter media. Further, the
fluid mechanics will apply to three
fluid flow conditions; 1) downward
flow through a rigid bed, 2) upflow
through an expanded bed
(fluidization); 3) the flow into or out
of distributors.
Advanced Ion Exchange GEORGE J. CRITS, Cochrane Environmental Systems, King of Prussia,
Hydraulic Analysis and Pennsylvania
Applications
Thermal Degradation of F. X. McGARVEY, E. W. HAUSER, B. BACHS, J. STELLITANO, Sybron The thermal instability of strongly
Strongly Basic Anion Chemicals Inc., Birmingham, New Jersey basic anion exchange resins was a
Exchange Resins in matter of concern from their initial
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Exchange Resins in matter of concern from their initial
Caustic Regenerants concept. Quaternary ammonium
compounds in the hydroxide form
were known to decompose by a
Hoffman reaction to give weak
amines and various reaction
products. Increased cross-linkage
results in some reduction in the
rate of degradation. This study was
made with several resins in water,
l% and 5% caustic. The resins
were converted to the hydroxide
form and placed in pressure
bottles. The resin samples were
allowed to remain in constant
temperature ovens at 70°C and
90°C for various times. The resin
samples were evaluated for
change in total and strong base
capacity, moisture content and
physical. The results of this series
of tests are summarized in a series
of graphs which are plots of
percentage strong base capacity
retained as a function of time for
the resins studied. A calculation of
the operational costs of thermal
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IWC-87-10 Paper
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Prediction and J. R. STAHLBUSH, R. M. STROM, R. G. BYERS, J. B. HENRY, N. E. SKELLY, This paper presents the
Identification of The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan identification of the major
Leachables from Cation decomposition products released
Exchange Resins by cation exchange resins. The
analytical techniques which were
developed to separate and
measure the different types of
decomposition products are
presented along with experiments
showing the effect of the different
types of leachables on the
performance of mixed resin beds.
An oxidative stress procedure is
also given which has been found
to more closely correlate with the
relative long term stability of cation
exchange resins compared to the
traditional leachable tests. The
main decomposition products
released by cation exchange
resins are 4-phenolsulfonic acid, 4-
sulfobenzoic acid, sulfonated
oligomers (many containing 4-
sulfobenzoate esters) and
polymers of sulfonated
polystyrene. The low molecular
weight leachables are completely
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IWC-87-11 Paper
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removed from solution by anion
exchange resins, but are removed
from the anion exchange resin
during regeneration of the resin.
High molecular weight leachables
are only partially removed from
solution by anion exchange resins.
Higher crosslink levels in gel cation
exchange resins tend to reduce
the level of high molecular weight
leachables released by cation
exchange resins. Macroporous
resins also tended to release
greater amounts of polymeric
leachables than gel resins. To
minimize the contamination of
process water from leachables,
cation exchange resins which
release minimal levels of high
molecular weight leachables are
desirable.
Prediction and SALLIE A. FISHER, Puricons, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania
Identification of
Leachables from Cation
Exchange Resins
Study on Attrition, Osmotic HIDEO KAWAZU, MASAHIRO HAGIWARA, TAKESHI IZUMI, Ebara The requirements for ion exchange
Stability and Extractables Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, KANROKU CHONAN, KAZUYUKI KOYAMA, Ebara- resins in Japanese BWR Nuclear
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IWC-87-12 Report
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of Various Ion Exchange Infilco Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan plants were discussed. The
Resins physical stability of resins in
condensate polishers was
investigated by attrition and crush
tests, osmotic shock tests and
leachable total organic carbon,
TOC, extracted from fresh resins.
An unidentified new type of gel
resin was preferred over
conventional gel and macroporous
resins.
Study on Attrition, Osmotic C. WAYNE URION, Delmarva Power & Light Company, Newark, Delaware
Stability and Extractables
of Various Ion Exchange
Resins
Molybdate-Based Cooling KENNETH F. SOEDER, JOSEPH S. ROTI, Drew Industrial Division, Boonton, Cooling water corrosion control
Water Treatment: New New Jersey program based upon sodium
Developments which molybdate inhibitors were
Expand their Application reviewed. As supported by
Areas laboratory evaluations and field
applications, the development of
new technologies outlined in this
paper enabled molybdate-based
programs to provide
cost—effective corrosion and
deposit control in a wide variety of
cooling water treatment
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IWC-87-13 Report
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applications. In support of the
laboratory data and economic and
environmental conclusions, two
case histories at a polypropylene
and a semiconductor manufacturer
application were discussed.
Field Testing of a New SAMUEL E. SHULL, FRANCIS J. HIMPLER, Lonza, Inc., Williamsport, This paper describes results from
Bromine Release Biocide Pennsylvania, PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius Associates, Inc., Evergreen, field testing a new EPA-registered
Colorado oxidizing biocide in high pH
recirculating water systems. The
product is a bromine- chlorine
donor and is sold commercially as
a durable, low dust briquette. The
success of the work described in
this paper was made possible
largely through the development of
an improved product form and
feeder systems specifically
designed for use with this product
The field tests were performed
and have demonstrated that this
product can be applied on a slug
or continuous feed basis to treat
large as well as small recirculating
water systems. The new biocide is
a cost-effective replacement for
chlorine gas.
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IWC-87-14 Report
IWC-87-15 Report
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On-Site Pilot Plant Study R. C. SCHWARZ, Betz Industrial, Trevose, Pennsylvania This paper reviews an on-site pilot
for Verification and plant study with a portable digital
Optimization of Cooling monitoring system that was
Water Conditioning conducted at a PWR nuclear
generating station on the service
water system . Since there was a
variable water velocity throughout,
the spectrum of environments
were modeled to ensure that the
entire system would be adequately
protected by a specified corrosion
inhibition program. The results of
the study demonstrate why pilot
studies are the best means of
determining the performance and
cost-effectiveness of cooling water
treatment programs without
exposing plant equipment to the
treatment chemicals on an
experimental basis.
Galvanized Cooling H. RAYMOND TOOL, Branchemco, Inc., Jacksonville, Florida The chemical treatment of open
Towers - White Rust recirculating cooling water is
usually focused on protecting the
major items of the system - the
operating equipment, not the
cooling tower. Hence, most
chemical treatment studies in the
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IWC-87-16 Report
Page 3292 of 5199 01/27/2018

field or in the lab review the metal
corrosion of the condenser, chiller,
and process equipment; and the
formation of scale on the heat
transfer surfaces. What happens to
the cooling tower may or may not
be an indication of the success of
the treatment. However, the
condition of the operating
equipment is always a factor in the
evaluation of the chemical
program. Cooling towers materials
of construction are as varied as the
types. Many small and medium
sized towers include galvanized
and coated metal. This study will
address the attack and protection
of galvanized (zinc coated) steel
cooling towers in the form of
“White Rust”. Experimental testing
showed that zinc/polyphosphate
was an effective treatment.
Field Demonstration of a BRUCE W. VIGON, NORMAN G. REICHENBACH, Battelle Columbus Division,
Moving Manifold Targeted Columbus, Ohio, ROBERT D. MOSS, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga,
Chlorination System at Tennessee, WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto,
John Sevier Fossil Plant California
Targeted Chlorination W. CHOW, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, Y. G. In 1987, the targeted chlorination
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IWC-87-17 Paper
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Fixed-Nozzles Design at MUSSALLI, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts, design was demonstrated at
Brayton Point Station Unit W. FREDDO, New England Power Company, Somerset, Massachusetts Brayton Point Station Unit 2
2 Condenser condenser. A fixed-nozzles
chlorine injection system (with 12
nozzles) was installed to allow
flexibility of testing. The condenser
was instrumented thoroughly to
compare the thermal performance
of conventional vs. targeted
chlorination. The targeted
chlorination treatment of 1 ppm at
the tubes for 5 minutes twice a day
was applied to one shell of the Unit
2 condenser. During the two and a
half months period, the targeted
treatment resulted in a reduced
chlorine consumption., a very low
or undetectable total residual
chlorine level, an improvement of
the cleanliness factor, and a
saving of $50,000 in fuel and
power costs.
Chemical Transport and OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Inc. Consultants, Wilmington, Delaware, BARRY C. This paper summarizes the results
Turbine Corrosion in SYRETT, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California of EPRI project RP1886—9. The
Phosphate Treated Drum original goal of the project was to
Boiler Units investigate the role of sodium
phosphate boiler water treatment
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Page 3298 of 5199 01/27/2018

on corrosion of steam turbine
blades. This goal was expanded to
characterize water and steam
chemistry. The data base
generated in EPRI projects
RP1886—3 and RP1886—7 were
supplemented with turbine deposit,
steam, and water chemistry data
obtained in projects RP912—l (2)
and RP1408—3 (3)._x000D_
Initiation of this project was
stimulated by reports that the ratio
of LP turbine blade failures in units
with once—through boilers, always
with all volatile treatment, AVT, to
failures in drum boiler units with
mostly phosphate treatment is over
2:1. Since blade failures often
originate from pits which are easily
produced in low pH chlorides, it
was hypothesized that co-
deposition of sodium phosphate
would neutralize the acids and be
responsible for a reduction of
corrosion. In addition to the effects
of co—deposition in the turbine,
phosphate neutralizes acids
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IWC-87-18 Paper
Page 3301 of 5199 01/27/2018

(where present) in the boiler, thus
reducing vaporous carry—over of
corrosive species, such as acid
chlorides and sulfates. The
analytical data collected during this
project allow a qualitative and
quantitative assessment of
transport of sodium phosphate,
ammonia, and other chemicals
from the boiler to the turbine.
Chemical Transport and J. BROWN, Ontario Hydro Research Division, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Turbine Corrosion in
Phosphate Treated Drum
Boiler Units
Deoxygenation in a T. A. HOOK, W. L. PEARL, NWT Corporation, San Jose, California, J. In a previous EPRI study (RP1184-
Cycling Fossil Plant SCHEIBEL, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, C. HENRY, 9) it was demonstrated that
TU Electric Company, Dallas, Texas minimizing shutdown oxygen
levels at a cycling plant could
reduce corrosion product transport
to the boilers. A continuation was
performed in the spring of 1987 to
demonstrate a method to minimize
the oxygen levels of a cycling fossil
plant. The deoxygenation system
utilized an activated-carbon
impregnated fiber overlay on a
powdered resin precoat to catalyze
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IWC-87-19 Report
Page 3304 of 5199 01/27/2018

the reaction of hydrazine and
oxygen. A series of tests was
conducted at the Tradinghouse
Creek Unit 1 to quantify the
improvement in oxygen control
attainable and the effect on
corrosion product transport during
cyclic operation. The study was
expanded to demonstrate the
application of a data acquisition
system for prompt data
assessment, control of chemical
additions, identification of
problems, and development of
responsive corrective actions.
Deoxygenation in a ELI SALEM, The Graver Company, Union, New Jersey
Cycling Fossil Plant
EPRI Interim Consensus ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim, Mannheim, Federal Republic of In June 1986 the Interim
Guidelines on Fossil Plant Germany Consensus Guidelines on Fossil
Cycle Chemistry and Plant Cycle Chemistry were
European Practice - A published by EPRI. The explicit
Critical Assessment objective of these guidelines is to
assist utilities to reduce cycle
corrosion, scaling, and deposition,
thus improving fossil plant
availability. The assistance for
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Page 3307 of 5199 01/27/2018

availability. The assistance for
utilities appears to be of immense
importance, since in the United
States of America the steam-water
quality is a major contributor to
fossil plant unavailability.
Experience from other countries
verifies that reasonable measures
for the improvement of fossil plant
cycle chemistry results in
significant reductions of cycle
corrosion related failures and an
increase of unit availability. The
comparison of the Interim
Consensus Guidelines to the
corresponding European
guidelines and the practice in
Europe shall stress the common
features in the fossil plant cycle
chemistry and accentuate the
differences. One should, however,
keep in mind that water chemistry
as such is but one of the aspects
whose interrelation must be
considered when attempting to
preclude corrosion-related upset
conditions. This paper compared
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IWC-87-20 Paper
Page 3310 of 5199 01/27/2018

Comparison of New DAVID J. NICHOLSON, Electricity Corporation of New Zealand, Ltd., Wellington, The thermal (i.e., fossil-fuel steam
Zealand and United States New Zealand, NATHANIEL E. PRITCHARD, Electricity Corporation of New generating) power stations in New
Practices for Fossil Plant Zealand, Ltd., Huntly, New Zealand, ROBERT CHIESA, RMT, Inc., Madison, Zealand are used primarily for
Cycle Chemistry Wisconsin cycling service. For this reason,
maintaining a high level of
reliability is a major goal of thermal
station operation. Therefore,
control of cycle chemistry is
considered to be an important part
of thermal power station
operations. Although New
Zealand’s philosophy concerning
cycle chemistry is based primarily
on British practices, the exposure
to equipment design and operating
standards and practices from other
countries has allowed New
Zealand to adopt policies and
procedures which combine some
of the best aspects of cycle
chemistry control. The purpose of
this paper is to compare thermal
(i.e., fossil) power station cycle
chemistry practices with those in
the United States., New Zealand’s
Huntly Power Station with four
units completed in 1980—1984, is
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IWC-87-21 Paper
Page 3316 of 5199 01/27/2018

used to demonstrate how this
philosophy is put into practice at a
modern thermal power station.
Cooling Water Treatment AL THIEME, Clark Oil and Refining Corporation, Blue Island, Illinois, HAROLD The Clark Oil and Refinery Corp.,
Applications Following an MOFFAT, JOHN CHIAPPETTA, Drew Industrial Division, Ashland Chemical, Chicago, IL, had to shutdown their
Unscheduled Two Month Countryside, Illinois oil refinery for two months during
Winter Shutdown freezing weather. The paper
describes the water supply and
quality, and the cooling system
and normal treatment program.
The shutdown planning considered
several options to prevent freezing
problems and layup methods for
many components. The principal
restart problem was wood and iron
corrosion debris which required
inspections and cleanup
procedures, followed by chemical
treatments such as a gluconate or
polyacrylic based iron chelating
dispersants. .Fouling control was
determined by a portable thermal
resistance monitor.
Cooling Water Treatment JERRY PRINTZ, Stearns-Roger Division, United Engineers & Constructors, Inc.,
Applications Following an Denver, Colorado
Unscheduled Two Month
Winter Shutdown
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IWC-87-22 Paper
IWC-87-23 Report
Page 3319 of 5199 01/27/2018

Corrosion Prevention of THOMAS H. PIKE, Western Farmers Electric Cooperative, Hugo, Oklahoma Proper turbine lay-up is historically
Turbines during Extended one of the most neglected
Outages (Case Histories) practices in all of industry. The
purpose of this paper is to
investigate various methods and
materials available to industry for
the prevention of turbine corrosion
during extended outages. Both
successes and failures of turbine
lay-up programs will be considered
as well as seven case histories
involving vapor phase inhibitors,
(VPI’s), dehumidifiers (DH),
conditioned air, and nitrogen
blankets. Unit start-ups, because
of their precarious nature and
corrosion potential, will also be
discussed. Three economical
layup programs were presented
which gave excellent corrosion
protection and quick return to
service.
Corrosion Prevention of JAMES C. BELLOWS, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Orlando, Florida
Turbines during Extended
Outages (Case Histories)
Chemical Cleaning of the JOSEPH M. PARENT, Florida Power & Light Co., Indiantown, Florida, JOSE P. St. Johns River Power Park,
Boiler, Superheater, LOZADA, JULIUS ISAAC, Ebasco Services Incorporated, New York, New York, SJRPP, is a two unit coal-fired
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IWC-87-24 Paper
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Boiler, Superheater, LOZADA, JULIUS ISAAC, Ebasco Services Incorporated, New York, New York, SJRPP, is a two unit coal-fired
Reheater and Main Steam FRANK H. THOMAS, Jacksonville Electric Authority, Jacksonville, Florida generating facility located in
Lines at St. Johns River Jacksonville, Florida. Based on the
Power Park Unit #1 experience of several utilities
which performed preoperational
organic chemical cleanings and
the favorable economics and
schedule impact, SJRPP
Management decided to
implement the necessary changes
for SJRPP Unit 1. The organic
chemical cleaning was to be
preceded by an alkaline boil-out of
the boiler. This paper describes
the planning and results of the
organic chemical cleaning of the
boiler, superheater, reheater and
main steam lines for Unit 1.
The State of the Art in M. D. ROSEN, A. F. ASCHOFF, Sargent & Lundy, Chicago, Illinois, J. A. BARTZ, Online mechanical condenser
Mechanical Condenser Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California cleaning systems have been
Cleaning installed by a number of utilities to
control fouling and improve cycle
efficiency. Based on the Electric
Power Research Institute, EPRI,
study discussed herein,
approximately 20% of fossil and
nuclear generating units in the
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United States larger than 100 MW
currently utilize mechanical
cleaning systems. There are many
installations where online or offline
mechanical cleaning and/or
chemical treatment could be used
to control condenser fouling.
Selection of the proper
alternative(s) should be based on
economics, ability to control the
particular foulants, and any
environmental regulations that may
restrict chemical usage. An EPRI
study (RP2300-11) has recently
been completed to provide the
electric utility industry with a
survey and an assessment of the
state of the art in mechanical
condenser cleaning. This paper
discusses the operation and
results from the EPRI study on
mechanical cleaning with sponge
ball and brush systems.
The State of the Art in CECIL W. WAGES, Georgia Power Company, Atlanta, Georgia
Mechanical Condenser
Cleaning
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IWC-87-25 Paper
IWC-87-26 Paper
Page 3328 of 5199 01/27/2018

Contaminated Boiler EDGAR E. WATANABE, Aquatec Quimica, S.A., Sao Paulo, Brasil, JAMES N. This paper documents the complex
Systems -Treatment TANIS, Aquatec Quimica, S.A., Ridgefield, Connecticut organic contamination existent in
Results of Phosphate vs. Brazilian sugar and alcohol plants
Organic Technologies boilers, and compares the results
observed with phosphate
treatments to results with
polymeric-based treatments and
anti-foam products. Three case
studies were discussed.
Subsequently, an extrapolation of
this comparison is extended to
other types of contaminated
process systems.
Contaminated Boiler T. J. TVEDT, Jr., Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas
Systems -Treatment
Results of Phosphate vs.
Organic Technologies
Deaerator Cracking, an J. A. KELLY, Dearborn Division, W.R. Grace & Company, Lake Zurich, Illinois, C. This paper summarizes the work
Industry Update E. GUZI, The Proctor & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, T. M. LARONGE, accomplished by the NACE TASK
Thomas M. Laronge, Inc., Vancouver, Washington GROUP on DEAERATOR
CRACKING, T-7H-7. Included are
statistics relevant to industry
segment on the incidence and
severity of deaerator cracking.
Guidelines are summarized and
failure analysis case studies
discussed. Operation and water
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IWC-87-27 Paper
IWC-87-28 Paper
Page 3331 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemistry parameters that
potentially accelerate the
environmentally assisted corrosion
process best described as
corrosion fatigue will be listed and
discussed.
Deaerator Cracking, an M. A. WINTERS, Amoco Corporation, Naperville, Illinois
Industry Update
Study of the Chemical and ROCKY H. THOMPSON, Florida Power Corporation, Crystal River, Florida, This paper details the chemical
Physical Characteristics of LARRY S. LAMANNA, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Lynchburg, Virginia and physical properties of Crystal
Crystal River Unit Steam River Unit-3 nuclear steam
Generator Deposits generator magnetite and ferrite
layered deposits from the tubes,
tube support plate, TSP, broaches
(flow holes), and lower tubesheet,
LTS, debris pile. Where possible,
the characteristics of Crystal River
Unit-3 deposits are compared to
those from once=through stam
generator, OTSGs, at sister plants.
Study of the Chemical and GORDON L. KEY, Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor Connecticut
Physical Characteristics of
Crystal River Unit Steam
Generator Deposits
Field Study: GARY CAPLAN, FRED STEGMAYER, Bird Archer, Inc., Cobourg, Ontario, Non-chemical devices (NCDs)for
Electromagnetic Device Canada treatment of boiler feedwater can
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IWC-87-29 Paper
Page 3334 of 5199 01/27/2018

Electromagnetic Device Canada treatment of boiler feedwater can
used to Treat a Watertube be traced back to the late 1800’s.
Boiler During the last century, suppliers,
users’ and consultants have
scientifically monitored, evaluated
and hypothesized on the
performance of these units in
industrial water treatment
applications. This presentation
overviews NCD philosophies to
ensure subject familiarity, and
discusses a field study where an
electromagnetic type of NCD was
installed on the feedwater line to a
watertube boiler to replace
chemical treatment. The NCD
failed to maintain boiler cleanliness
and prevent tube failures.
Field Study: JAMES L. RABER, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota
Electromagnetic Device
used to Treat a Watertube
Boiler
Wastewater Management PRABHAT KUMAR SINHA, NANCY D. ZEIGLER, LAWRENCE J. GASPER, The requirements and design of a
and Reuse at a Municipal Bechtel Civil, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland municipal waste to energy
Waste-to-Energy Facility facility,WRE, in an agricultural
region were detailed in this paper.
The Massachusetts Department of
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IWC-87-30 Paper
Page 3337 of 5199 01/27/2018

Environmental Quality required a
zero discharge of Southeastern
Massachuusetts, SEMASS, plant
wastewater. The discharges from
this WTE plant were similsr to
those in a conventional power
plant.The selection of equipment,
particularly spray dryers for high
TDS waste water, water
management systems, wastewater
generation, and water balance
were detailed and discussed.
Wastewater Management MIRA T. JUNUSZ, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Resource Energy
and Reuse at a Municipal Systems Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Waste-to-Energy Facility
An Innovative Solution for ROBERT L. SOLOMON, DANIEL J. PETERSON, Resources Conservation Co., More stringent government
Steam Stripping of Volatile Bellevue, Washington regulation of the volatile organic
Organic Compounds and content of discharge water and
High Boiling Point groundwater has increased
Pollutants from interest in many unit processes
Groundwaters with the capable of removing these
AquaDetox Stripping organics. This paper takes a new
System look at stripping of volatile organic
compounds. Stripping has been
used alone or in combination with
rectification in a distillation tower
for many years to separate
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IWC-87-31 Report
Page 3340 of 5199 01/27/2018

for many years to separate
organics from water. Two forms of
stripping - air stripping and steam
stripping- are used to remove
organics from waters. Steam
stripping produces little or no
emissions, and can remove 80% of
EPA priority pollutants. A steam
stripping column process with
vapor compression is discussed
with design and pilot case studies
on the removal of aromatic, alkyl
and chlorinated solvents.
An Innovative Solution for WILLIAM J. MERZ, Calgon Carbon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Steam Stripping of Volatile
Organic Compounds and
High Boiling Point
Pollutants from
Groundwaters with the
AquaDetox Stripping
System
Start-Up of a Coal Fired H. A. (HANK) MANN, Stanley Consultants, Inc., Muscatine, Iowa, JIM VOLK, At C. R. Huntley Steam Station of
Power Plant’s Wastewater Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation, Albany, New York, JORGE VILLALI, Niagara Mohawk Power
Treatment Plant Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation, Syracuse, New York Corporation, wastewater from
multiple sources, including coal
pile stormwater runoff and metallic
equipment cleaning wastewater
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IWC-87-32 Report
IWC-87-33 Report
Page 3343 of 5199 01/27/2018

was combined and treated by a
physical and chemical treatment
process producing waste sludge
and an effluent discharged to the
Niagara river. The equipment and
operation of the wastewater
system at startup was discussed
including numerous problems and
corrective actions.
Ozone Treatment of Water A. RONY JOEL, SHAUN S. PIERSON, Capital Controls Company, Colmar, This report reviewed ozone’s
- A New Process Pennsylvania generation from air and oxygen,
the properties of ozone, the
application guidelines for
equipment installation. The design
and operation of ozone generators
is described. A new type of
generator which produces higher
ozone concentrations was
developed. This system was not
yet commercially available but
could offer the next step forward.
On-Site Generation of Acid THOMAS A. DAVIS, TERRANCE LATERRA, Graver Water Division of The Bipolar membranes are unique
and Base with Bipolar Graver Company, Union, New Jersey ion- exchange membranes that are
Membranes: a New utilized in electrodialysis, ED,
Alternative to Purchasing stacks to generate dilute acid and
and Storing Regenerants base from a salt. The purpose of
this report is to detail the higher
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IWC-87-34 Report
Page 3346 of 5199 01/27/2018

purity levels now possible with
commercial membranes, and
process improvements which were
based on the initial study of the
process parameters. The bipolar
membrane process is particularly
appealing for making regenerants
for ion-exchange resins, because
roughly equal amounts of acid and
base are often required.
Weak Acid Resin for MICHAEL O'BRIEN, ELI SALEM, Graver Water Division, The Graver Company, The report reviewed previous
Condensate Polishing Union, New Jersey, BRUCE L. LIBUTTI, Graver Chemical Division, The Graver publications on the advantages of
Company, Union, New Jersey, ROBERT KUNIN, Consultant, The Graver using weak acid ion exchange
Company, Union, New Jersey resins in condensate polishers
substituted for the conventional
strong base cation resin, either as
prefilter, or in the mixed bed, or in
a powdered resin precoat. This
would avoid sloughage and resin
leakage resulting in sulfonic acid
contamination from the feedwater
and kinetic fouling of ther anion
resins.The results of pilot tests with
clean and contaminated
condensate in a precoat filter and
mixed bed polisher were reported
and further testing was
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IWC-87-35 Report
IWC-87-36 Report
Page 3349 of 5199 01/27/2018

recommended..
A Three Bed STEVE BRUNTLETT, V. P. MURPHY, International Paper, Mansfield, The purpose of this paper is to
Demineralizer Case Louisianna, , BRUCE BARTON, Calgon Corporation, Shreveport, Louisiana, give the history of a three bed
History on Organic VIJAY PURI, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania demineralizer system at a
Bearing Surface Water Louisiana paper mill. This system
produced excellent water for four
years and then the weak base
anion resin began to break down
physically. After rebedding with
exactly the same type and brand of
resin originally charged in the
vessels, higher organic fouling and
excessive rinse rates were
observed. This paper concerns
what caused these problems, what
we did to identify and correct the
problems, and what we are now
doing to avoid problems in the
future. As part of our study, we will
explain how we now conduct site
testing of the resin to identify the
best replacement resin.
New Technology in the PETER MICHAEL LANGE, FRIEDRICH B. MARTINOLA, HANS KARL SOEST, In enhanced oil recovery, steam
Softening of "Produced Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany flooding and alkaline flooding
Water" in Enhanced Oil require the use of significant
Recovery Systems quantities of water. This high
salinity produced water must be
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IWC-87-37 Report
Page 3352 of 5199 01/27/2018

free of calcium and magnesium to
prevent precipitation in the steam
generator or in the oil formation.
The present report deals with the
result of counter current ion
exchange techniques applied to
high TDS water for the softening of
brackish water. Low residual
hardness is obtained, with
economical consumption of
common salt, while only requiring
a strong acid cation resin. For
produced water with greater than
6000 ppm TDS, softening can be
accomplished by weak acid resins
in the sodium form.
Particle Size Measurement L. S. GOLDEN, Purolite International Ltd., Pontyclun, S. Wales, United Kingdom The photoelectric particle size
of Ion-Exchange Resins analyser was developed for
and Polymers by HIAC optically measuring particle size
distributions. And many ion
exchange resin manufacturers and
larger users have started using this
equipment. The advantages of
instrumental analyses over
traditional wet screening should be
two fold, namely :- (i) a much
shorter and simpler analysis (ii) a
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IWC-87-38 Report
Page 3355 of 5199 01/27/2018

potentially more accurate and
reproducible method, bearing in
mind the permitted tolerances on
standard test sieves. This potential
greater accuracy inherent in
instrumental methods is of
increasing importance as current
trends in applications lead to
demands for more closely graded
products where suitably sized
sieves may not even be available.
This new method requires careful
calibration and sensor selection,
with data correction to overcome
the bias errors in the photoelectric
C design, to obtain reproducible
and accurate resin particle size
distributions.
An Evaluation of the First THOMAS M. BACHEY, Cincinnati Gas & Electric, New Richmond, Ohio, ELLEN The evaluation of an acrylic strong
Installation of "Acrylobed" ADAMSKI, Illinois Water Treatment, Rockford, Illinois base resin system is described
in the United States and field operation data is
presented Information on this
concept led The Cincinnati Gas &
Electric (CG&E) to purchase this
type of demineralizer system when
it was recommended as an
alternative by the equipment
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IWC-87-39 Paper
Page 3358 of 5199 01/27/2018

supplier for the W. C. Beckjord
station. Preliminary results of three
tests indicated the countercurrent
regenerated acrylic strong base
resin following a co-current
regenerated strong acid cation
demineralizer was an effective
method for demineralizing certain
feed waters, particularly acidic
organic bearing waters with low
silica content.
Practical Air Washer JOHN C. PETERSON, Wright Chemical Corporation, Greensboro, North Textile manufacturers have central
Treatment in Synthetic Carolina air conditioning systems with a
Fiber Manufacturing Plants series of air washers fed with
chilled water. The system is
susceptible to scale formation,
corrosion and oil contamination
leading to biological growth and
slime formation. A case history at a
nylon plant reviewed various
corrective treatments for the air
washing system which included
citric acid cleaning and treatment
with a biocide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-
Nitriolpropionamide, DBNPA, or
glutaraldehyde, with a mixed
halogen donor, 1-bromo-3-chloro-
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IWC-87-40 Paper
Page 3361 of 5199 01/27/2018

5,5-dimithylhydantoin, BCDMH.
Practical Air Washer DAN M. THOMPSON, Culligan Industrial Water Treatment Division,
Treatment in Synthetic Chattanooga, Tennessee
Fiber Manufacturing Plants
Role of Polymers in the G. A. CRUCIL, J. R. MACDONALD, E. B. SMYK, Nalco Chemical Company, A breakthrough in polymer
Mechanisms and Naperville, Illinois technology has increased the
Performance of range of conditions for phosphate-
Phosphate-Based Cooling based cooling water programs.
Water Programs The advancement in polymer
development allows program
application higher calcium levels,
at alkaline pH, and in the presence
of higher iron levels. This paper
discusses the role of polymer
dispersants in the mechanisms of
phosphate-based programs for
open recirculating cooling towers.
Results from cooling tower
simulations, two case histories and
uses in several chemical plants
demonstrate improved
performance.
Role of Polymers in the THOMAS M. LARONGE, Thomas M. Laronge Inc., Vancouver, Washington
Mechanisms and
Performance of
Phosphate-Based Cooling
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IWC-87-41 Paper
Page 3364 of 5199 01/27/2018

Water Programs
Water Treatment in Wet KEN W. ROWLAND, CHRISTOPHER H. NORTON, Southern California Gas Due to increasing maintenance
Fin-Fan Cooling Towers Company, Los Angeles, California costs, several Southern California
Gas Co. gas cooling towers were
scheduled for complete
replacement. After careful
evaluationof the desert
environment, the decision was
made to replace the existing open
cooling towers with “wet” fin-fan
coolers. The wet fin-fan is similar
to a standard fin-fan, but enclosed
with “walls” which act as an
evaporative air precooler. The
“walls” are made from fiberglass
evaporative fill material, over which
water is circulated. Three such
cooling towers were constructed
between 1982 and 1986. This
presentation details successive
experiences with each tower,
concentrating on the evolution of
the water treatment programs in
response to effects of poor
makeup water quality, variations in
chemical feed precision, and the
extremely high evaporation rates..
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IWC-87-42 Paper
Page 3367 of 5199 01/27/2018

The evolution of the cooling tower
design with regards to water
treatment is also chronicled.
Water Treatment in Wet C. D. SCHROEDER, Consultant, Acton, Massachusetts
Fin-Fan Cooling Towers
Bromine Chemistry an JEFFERY C. CONLEY, EDWARD H. PUZIG, Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, The concerns for the environment,
Alternative to West Lafayette, Indiana, JAMES E. ALLEMAN, Purdue University, West operator safety, and liability issues
Dechlorination in Cooling Lafayette, Indiana have caused many plants to
Water and Wastewater reconsider their use of chlorine
Disinfection and look to alternative biocides
that meet environmental discharge
requirements and minimize safety
and liability issues. Bromine
chemistry has proven to be a
simple, cost effective, alternative to
chlorination/dechlorination for
these applications. This paper
presents the concepts behind
bromine chemistry in water
treatment. It will also document
two full-scale plant case histories
in an electrical utility once-through
condenser and a wastewater
treatment plant. All the
microbiological testing was
performed in accordance with the
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IWC-87-43 Report
IWC-87-44 Report
Page 3370 of 5199 01/27/2018

performed in accordance with the
methods published in Standard
Methods For Examination of Water
and Wastewater.
Bromine Chemistry an BILLY D. FELLERS, Texas Utilities Electric, Dallas, Texas
Alternative to
Dechlorination in Cooling
Water and Wastewater
Disinfection
A Safe - Low Temperature EDGAR F. HOY, Dowell Schlumberger, Tulsa, Oklahoma
- Ferric Oxide Solvent
System
Oxygen Scavenging with BRUCE L. LIBUTTI, ROBERT KUNIN (Consultant), Graver Chemical Division of A full scale evaluation of improved
Carbonaceous Precoats the Graver Company, Union, New Jersey, BILLY D. FELLERS, Texas Utilities steam generator protection by
under Startup and Steady Generating Company, Glen Rose, Texas, CHARLES R. MOSSER, Graver carbon catalysis of the hydrazine-
State Conditions Chemical Division of The Graver Company, Arlington, Texas oxygen reaction is reported. A
powdered, carbon-based precoat
was applied over an ion exchange
resin-based precoat to the
condensate polishing filter-
demineralizer of a supercritical,
once-through unit. Oxygen
removal was enhanced during a
cold startup and at steady state. In
the former condition, up to 4100
gallons per minute per vessel were
treated, and in the latter, full flow
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IWC-87-45 Report
Page 3373 of 5199 01/27/2018

was treated. Effluent quality was
good. Startup time reduction by
two-thirds appeared possible.
An Unusual Case Study of DOUGLAS B. DEWITT-DICK, Drew Industrial Div., Boonton, New Jersey A utility station with an all steel
Copper Pickup in an All steam system metallurgy
Steel Utility Steam experienced efficiency loss directly
Generation Cycle related to copper containing
deposits on the high ressure, HP,
turbine blades. The use of copper
based antiseize compounds in the
assembly of utility steam
generating cycle equipment
resulted in copper deposition on
turbine blades. This deposition
significantly reduced turbine stage
efficiency, resulting in a
degradation in heat rate and
potentially causing extended or
unscheduled outages for turbine
cleaning. Further investigatory
work was be required to determine
the effects of this copper on the
steam generator, superheater
tubes and reheat tubes. In utility
cycles with all steel metallurgy, the
problem can be avoided by using a
nickel based antiseize compound.
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IWC-87-46 Report
Page 3376 of 5199 01/27/2018

In systems containing yellow
metals, copper pickup can only be
exacerbated by using copper
based antiseize compounds.
Therefore, the nickel based
material should be the product of
choice.
Simple and Rapid EARL L. HENN, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania A boiler is a prodigious collector of
Methods for the non volatile materials that are
Determination of Trace present in its feedwater. Since an
(ppb) Levels of Iron and accumulation of deposits increases
Copper in Boiler the probability of unscheduled
Feedwaters and outages, the feedwater should be
Condensates analyzed periodically for traces of
metals such as iron, copper and
nickel. The most sensitive
chromogenic reagent for iron found
to date is 3-(4-phenyl-2-pyridyl)-5-
phenyl-1,2,4triazine, PPTS . The
sulfonated form of this compound
is commercially available. The
application of PPTS to the
determination of trace iron and a
modified porphyrin method to the
determination of trace copper in
boiler feedwaters and condensates
forms the basis of this work. Since
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IWC-88-41 Paper
IWC-87-47 Report
Page 3379 of 5199 01/27/2018

iron and copper present in boiler
feedwaters and condensates often
is not in solution but present as
finely divided iron and copper
oxides, the colorimetric tests were
developed to be compatible with
ascorbic acid/HCl digestion that
precedes colorimetric
measurement of the metals.
Phosphate Hideout in A. C. McDONALD, B. L. TRACY, Betz Laboratories, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas The inclusion of sodium/phosphate
High-Pressure Solutions species into oxide layers on mild
steel coupons exposed to high
pressure, deoxygenated aqueous
solutions was investigated. Sodium
phosphate, “hideout”, was
observed to increase with
exposure pressure and result in a
degradation of crystallinity and
mechanical integrity of the oxide
layer. The addition of
poly(methacrylic acid) inhibited the
process of sodium phosphate
hideout in the oxide layers and
resulted in more uniform, highly
crystalline oxide coatings.
Deterioration of KAROL DAUCIK, I/S Skaerbaekvaeket, Fredericia, Denmark, KATE WIECK- This paper deals with experiences
Condensate Polishing HANSEN, I/S Nordkraft, Aalborg, Denmark acquired in the western part of
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Page 3382 of 5199 01/27/2018

Kinetic as a Result of Denmark - the ELSAM system -
Organic Fouling with 7 power plants on seaside
locations using seawater as the
cooling medium. Once-through
boilers in connection with
condensers equipped with
admirality brass tubes cooled with
seawater necessitate satisfactorily
operating condensate polishers to
ensure safe operation. This was
recognised since the early 60’s
when we started to operate once
through boilers._x000D_
The design of the condensate
polishers (CP) was based on the
following philosophy: _x000D_
(i) continous full flow condensate
polishing,_x000D_
(ii) two step polishing of the type:
cation-mixed bed ,C-MB_x000D_
(iii) capacity of the C-filter: 2—3
weeks operation._x000D_
(iv) ratio of the resins in the MB:
C/A =1:2_x000D_
(v) capacity of A in MB: 4 days
operation with condenser leakage
giving an acid conductivity of 10
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IWC-87-48 Report
Page 3385 of 5199 01/27/2018

Design and Operation of a A. C. McDONALD, G. J. PATEK, Betz Laboratories, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas The design and operation of the
2600 PSIG Model Steam Betz Research Boiler #12 was
Generator described. It has been used to
investigate corrosion and
deposition processes in high
pressure simulated boiler
operating conditions. Details were
given on the vertical tube test
section with induction heating and
the forced circulation loop
components. The feedwater
system was fed deaerated
laboratory demineralized water
with specifed contaminant levels
and water treatment chemicals.
Steam was condensed and
returned to the feedwater system.
Control, sampling and data
collection was by computerized.
The Research boiler was used to
evaluate iron deposit reduction
using poly(methacrylic acid)
dispersants, and the distribution
ratios of amines between water
and steam at pressures of 1450 to
2210 psig.
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IWC-87-49 Paper
Page 3388 of 5199 01/27/2018

Seawater Reverse EDWARD L. DUBOST, CONSTANTINE T. POLIDOROFF, Pacific Gas and California’s central coast is an area
Osmosis: Utility Plant Electric Company, San Francisco, California, MICHAEL J. PETERSON, Pacific of relative freshwater scarcity. As a
Operating Experience Gas and Electric Company, Avila Beach, California, MICHAEL HUMPHREYS, K. result, Pacific Gas and Electric
SCOTT JACKSON, Hydranautics, Santa Barbara, California, KAN LIN, Bechtel Company’s, PG&E , Diablo
Power Corporation, San Francisco, California Canyon Power Plant, DCPP, has
no access to off- site city or
municipal freshwater supplies and
must rely instead on its on-site
water resources. Among these,
only seawater from the Pacific
Ocean is available in quantity on a
continuous, year-round, basis. To
convert seawater into makeup
water suitable for plant purposes,
DCPP originally installed flash
evaporators. To augment the
evaporators DCPP installed a two
stage seawater reverse osmosis,
SWRO, system in September
1985. In so doing, PG&E became
the first electric utility in the
continental United States to use a
SWRO system to generate water
for power plant makeup. This
paper discusses the performance
of DCPP’s SWRO. In addition, it
summarizes PG&E’s reasons for
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IWC-87-50 Paper
Page 3391 of 5199 01/27/2018

selecting SWRO over alternative
desalinization technologies and
reviews the SWRO system design,
procurement, construction, and
economics.
Seawater Reverse KURT F. FRANK, FilmTec Corporation, San Diego, California
Osmosis: Utility Plant
Operating Experience
Containerized Treatment LUTHER B. JONES, Virginia Electric Power Company, Richmond, Virginia, When Virginia Power Company’s
System Overcomes JOHN F. BOSSLER, Arrowhead Industrial Water, Fallsington, Pennsylvania North Anna Power Station was
Problems, Delivers High designed in the 1970’s, provisions
Purity Water to Nuclear were made to purify the water from
Power Plant Lake Anna, Quality standards for
make up were met through
distillation of lake water in flash
evaporators. This system,
however, had its drawbacks.
Evaporators consume substantial
amounts of energy, reducing the
plant’s output, and they are
expensive to maintain. After
several years of operating the
evaporators at the North Anna
Station, Virginia Power began
seeking an alternative means of
water purification. The final
solution was a unique
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IWC-87-51 Paper
Page 3394 of 5199 01/27/2018

solution was a unique
containerized water treatment
system designed, installed, leased
and operated by a water treatment
contractor. The reverse osmosis
based system, which is described
in this paper, is currently meeting
Virginia Power’s water requirement
at a fraction of the cost of
evaporators or other alternatives.
Containerized Treatment DEAN SPATZ, Osmonics, Inc., Minnetonka, Minnesota
System Overcomes
Problems, Delivers High
Purity Water to Nuclear
Power Plant
Use of RO Membranes in CHARLES M. CUMMINGS, UOP Fluid Systems, San Diego, California, ALAN B. The Yuma Desalting Plant is being
the Yuma Desalting Plant RIEDINGER, Consultant, San Diego, California constructed in order to meet treaty
requirements with the Republic of
Mexico for quality and quantity of
water delivered in the Colorado
River. The Yuma Desalting Plant
will purify feedwater from the
Welton—Mohawk Irrigation District
using a reverse osmosis process.
Over 30,000 hours of testing of
reverse osmosis systems on this
high-fouling feedwater has been
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IWC-87-52 Paper
Page 3397 of 5199 01/27/2018

performed since 1974 to qualify
the cellulose acetate membranes.
History of testing and the basis of
the 72.4 million gallon per day
plant design are presented.
Economic and process
requirements are presented which
show that the selected cellulose
acetate membrane is the only
membrane with demonstrated
chlorine resistance and
performance that meets the design
specifications.
Use of RO Membranes in HERMANN W. POHLAND, E.I. duPont de Nemours & Company, Inc.,
the Yuma Desalting Plant “Permasep” Products, Wilmington, Delaware
Phosphate Hideout in A. C. McDONALD, B. L. TRACY, Betz Laboratories, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas
High-Pressure Solutions
KLM's Optimized BARS for DONALD A. SCHUELKE, Northern States Power Company, Welch, Minnesota, A Department of Energy
Silica and Waste Removal B. GEORGE KNIAZEWYCZ, MARK A. BROSSART, KLM Technologies, Inc., demonstration program for a
Walnut Creek, California, JOSEPH MARKIND, KLM Technologies, Inc., radioactive waste Boric Acid
Boxborough, Massachusetts Reclamation System, BARS, has
been completed using ultrafiltration
and reverse osmosis, UF/RO.
Preliminary performance indicates
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Page 3400 of 5199 01/27/2018

enhanced treatment by the BARS
technique over state of the art
process methods for selective
removal of silica and other
impurities from borated water
matrices. At optimal system
recovery of 96-97 percent, BARS
removes nominal levels of boric
acid while achieving significant
rejection for soluble silica and
selective radioisotopes. The
overall BARS program indicates
substantial savings regarding off-
site disposal costs based on
reduced radioactive waste
generation. Streams and mixed
radwaste sources have been
evaluated at Northern States
Power’s Prairie Island Nuclear
Generating Station. The boric acid
feed streams originate from the
following sources:_x000D_
• Spent Fuel Pool, SIP_x000D_
• Chemical Volume and Control
System, CVCS_x000D_
• Refueling Water Storage Tanks,
(RWSTs_x000D_
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Page 3402 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-87-53 Paper
Page 3403 of 5199 01/27/2018

• Floor and Equipment Drains
KLM's Optimized BARS for WILLIAM E. KATZ, Ionics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts
Silica and Waste Removal
An Overview of the GEORGE PLUME, CYRIL MACNEIL, New Brunswick Electric Power The Point Lepreau Generating
Operational Secondary Commission, Lepreau, New Brunswick, Canada, PETER WATTS, Ecodyne Station is a single unit standard
Side Water Chemistry of a Limited, Oakville, Ontario, Canada 600 Mwe CANDU, Canadian
Seawater Cooled CANDU Deuterium and Uranium PWR type
600 station located on the shore of the
Bay of Fundy. The secondary side
consists of one high pressure and
three low pressure turbines each
with its own condenser with
titanium tubes and aluminum
bronze Alloy D tubesheets. The
secondary system had a sea water
leak in 1983 which required a plant
shutdown. A redesigned
condensate leak detection system
and a retrofitted condensate
polisher system were installed and
the chemistry control was switched
from congruent phosphate to AVT.
A series of corrosion product
transport tests were performed at
various plant conditions, including
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IWC-87-54 Paper
Page 3406 of 5199 01/27/2018

a change from ammonia to
morpholine for feedwater pH
control. A steam generator leak at
the first support plate was
attributed to pitting. Sludge depth
and composition were measured
and sludge lancing was performed
in 1987. The condensate polisher
installed was a deep bed system
with macroporous and inert resins
and enhanced resin separation
procedures. A detailed description
of the condensate polisher
operation was given and resin
tests performed. The effect of
organic contamination and
morpholine operation was
discussed.
An Overview of the FRANCES M. CUTLER, Southern California Edison Company, Paramount,
Operational Secondary California
Side Water Chemistry of a
Seawater Cooled CANDU
600
Condensate Polishers - ROBERT H. LANGER, Northeast Utilities Service Company, Berlin, Connecticut, This paper gave a history of
Their Effect on Steam THOMAS H. BURNS, Northeast Nuclear Energy Company, Waterford, various problems which occurred
Generator Chemistry Connecticut during initial operations at the
Millstone Nuclear Power Station
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Page 3409 of 5199 01/27/2018

Unit 3. The secondary system was
operated with all-volatile treatment,
AVT, and included a deep bed
condensate polisher system with
an ultrasonic resin cleaner. After a
long construction period there
were many problems in the
secondary system which affected
steam generator chemistry,
particularly a severe seawater
leakage event in the condenser
which required extensive repairs.
This was followed by air leaks in
the condenser and a failure in
condensate tank. Increased
pressure drops in the polisher
resin strainers were followed by
high sulfate concentrations in the
steam generators. This was
caused by failures of the
polypropylene resin strainers
which resulted in resin leakage into
the feedwater. After cleanup the
steam generator sulfate
concentrations were still high and
attributed to leaching from
protective coatings in the turbine. It
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Page 3411 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-87-55 Report
Page 3412 of 5199 01/27/2018

was determined that the uniform
size polisher resins were also
leaching sulfonates and they were
replaced.
Condensate Polishers - F. X. McGARVEY, Sybron Chemicals Inc., Birmingham, New Jersey
Their Effect on Steam
Generator Chemistry
Electrodeionization - An JONATHAN WOOD, YAIR EGOZY, GARY C. GANZI, Millipore Corporation, Electrodeionization is a continuous
Economic Analysis Bedford, Massachusetts process for the production of high
purity deionized water, using ion-
exchange resins and ion-exchange
membranes. An electrical potential
is used as the driving force for
removal of ions from the feed
solution. While the process has
been studied for over thirty years,
it has only recently been
commercialized. The continuous
deionization, CDI, process has
been demonstrated to be capable
of producing very high purity (1-16
megohm cm) water. Some
advantages of the CDI process are
that it does not need regenerant
chemicals or high pressure
pumping, It is a continuous rather
than a batch process, and labor
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IWC-87-56 Report
Page 3415 of 5199 01/27/2018

than a batch process, and labor
requirements for operation and
maintenance are low. This report
presents a detailed economic
analysis of the process in the form
of two case studies of typical
applications, a roughing
deionization and the producion of
ultra-pure water, with comparisons
to conventional deionization
processes.
Destruction of TOC Using PETER S. MEYERS, L*A Water Treatment Corporation, City of Industry, This report described the progress
Ultraviolet Light California that has been made in the
ultraviolet, UV, treatment of water
from its initial application of
disinfection to the reduction of
organics measured as Total
Organic Carbon, TOC. Initially the
UV photo-oxidation process was
used to produce low TOC high
purity lab water. The theory of the
UV photo-oxidation process was
reviewed and examples of
calculations of the required UV
dose given for formaldehyde and
gasoline. The effects of thr many
operational factors were reviewed
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IWC-87-57 Report
Page 3418 of 5199 01/27/2018

including the organic adsorption
coefficients UV light wavelength
and intensity, the effectiveness of
oxidant addition and pH, and
maintaining clean optics.
Suggestions were made for
correcting problems and improving
the process.
Wastewater Treatment RANDOLPH W. RAKOCZYNSKI, Waste Resource Associates, Inc., Niagara This report provided a review of
System for Hazardous Falls, New York the waste water treatment
Waste Landfill Leachate processes which could be applied
to hazardous waste landfill
leachate. A segregation plan
divided the landfill wastes into
subcells of generic classes such
as heavy metals, amphoterics and
organics, and specified the specific
cover materials to reduce the
solubility of hazardous materials.
Process flow diagrams were given
for the primary, secondary and
tertiary treatment steps, and the
final ion exchange polishing.
Tables were given of the expected
removal efficiency and effluent
concentration for heavy and
pseudo-metal removal by chemical
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IWC-87-58 Report
Page 3421 of 5199 01/27/2018

precipitation; advanced biological
degradation, air stripping and
activated carbon adsorption of
organics and the reduction of trace
metal contaminants by ion
exchange polishing.
Dioxine: Treatment with DIETER VON DER MARK, Schmidding-Werke, Cologne, West Germany, Dr. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins.,
Ozone HANS H. RUMP, Institut Fresenius, SHAUN S. PIERSON, Capital Controls PCDD, and polychlorinated
Company, Inc., Colmar, Pennsylvania dibenzofurans, PCDF, belong to
the family of aromatic ethers, i.e.
oxygen—bonded phenyl rings. The
group of PCDDs contains a total of
75 different chlorine homologs and
position isomers, the group of the
PCDFs contains an additional 135
compounds. PCDDs and PCDFs
are almost inert in the presence of
acids and alkali solutions and are,
under certain conditions,
chemically stable against oxidative
and reductive reaction conditions,
and are stable at high
temperatures . Ozone, as a very
strong oxidant, can react with
PCDDs and PCDFs. The goal of
the present investigation was to
study the reaction behavior of
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IWC-88-01 Paper
Page 3424 of 5199 01/27/2018

various polychlorinated dibenzo-p-
dioxins and polychlorinated
dibenzofurans in an aqueous
medium with ozone. For this
purpose, the conditions had to be
determined which resulted in a
reaction with ozone. A comparison
of various dioxins and furans
during the reaction with ozone was
to demonstrate any differences in
reaction behavior. In addition, a
typical dump leachate, with a
dioxin added, was reacted with
ozone to observe if dioxin
degradation would occur in this
type of aqueous medium.
A Case History of J. W. THORNTON, D. S. MORELEN, Virginia Power, Yorktown, Virginia The Yorktown Station has
Biofouling Control at experienced numerous biofouling
Virginia Power's Yorktown problems in the Brackish York
Generating Station River water cooled systems.
Through six years of continuous
effort to prevent biofouling, and
documentation of observations, the
following summarizes the authors’
findings:_x000D_
In copper alloy heat exchangers
with good chlorine distribution and
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Page 3427 of 5199 01/27/2018

design flows (5—7 ft./sec.), an
intermittent chlorination program at
0.2 ppm TRO, total residual
oxidant, is sufficient to prevent
biofouling. Biocide feed is required
even in cold months to prevent
slime fouling of heat exchangers.
Biofouling control can be increased
significantly by switching from
gaseous chlorine feed to NaOC1
feed._x000D_
In low flow heat exchangers, or
non—copper alloy systems,
barnacle populations actually
increase with either continuous or
intermittent chlorination.
Continuous chlorine treatment
generally controls other fouling
species, with intermittent having a
lesser effect.‘ Intermittent chlorine
— NaBr/surfactant (15 min. x 6) at
0.2 ppm TRO prevented fouling
from all species regardless of
metallurgy or flowrate.
Chlorine—NaBr/surfactant is less
corrosive to copper alloy CDA 687
than chlorine alone in accelerated
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Page 3429 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-88-02 Paper
Page 3430 of 5199 01/27/2018

corrosion rate test.
A Case History of J. W. THORNTON, D. S. MORELEN, Virginia Power, Yorktown, Virginia

Biofouling Control at
Virginia Power's Yorktown
Generating Station
A Case History of BILLY D. FELLERS, Texas Utilities, Glen Rose, Texas
Biofouling Control at
Virginia Power's Yorktown
Generating Station
Quantitation of Legionella RICHARD W. GILPIN, ADELE M. KAPLAN, EDWIN F. GOLDSTEIN, Arc Water Numbers of Legionella
Pneumophila in One Treatment Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania pneumophila from commercial and
Thousand Commercial industrial decontamination were
and Industrial Cooling investigated. Weekly or biweekly
Towers shock treatments did not prevent
increases of L. pneumophila to
unacceptable levels. When
numbers of L. pneumophila were
excessive, calcium hypochlorite
decontamination temporarily
reduced the numbers to
acceptable levels.
Quantitation of Legionella RICHARD W. GILPIN, ADELE M. KAPLAN, EDWIN F. GOLDSTEIN, Arc Water
Pneumophila in One Treatment Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Thousand Commercial
and Industrial Cooling
Towers
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IWC-88-03 Paper
Page 3433 of 5199 01/27/2018

Quantitation of Legionella JAMES C. FEELEY, Pathogen Control Associates, Tucker, Georgia
Pneumophila in One
Thousand Commercial
and Industrial Cooling
Towers
A Novel Synergistic E. E. WILLIAMS, B. KNOX-HOLMES, M. F. DIPROSE, Biofouling and Corrosion This paper describes the
Chlorine and Copper Control, Ltd., Sheffield, England, Y. G. MUSSALLI, Stone & Webster Engineering chlorine/copper technique, an
Technique to Control Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts effective method of macro— and
Biofouling with Low microfouling control in both fresh
Environmental Impact and salt water. The technique,
which is the result of 10 years of
research both in the United
Kingdom and in the United States,
involves the synergistic effect of
chlorine and copper. It differs from
straight chlorination or copper
dosing technologies in that the
amounts of chlorine and copper
required are reduced to
approximately 1/10 and 1/6,
respectively, and further reductions
are achieved by dosing
intermittently or by using a
targeted system. The results of
macro— and microfouling studies
demonstrated improvements in
biofouling control by a factor of at
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IWC-88-04 Paper
Page 3436 of 5199 01/27/2018

least six for macrofouling and three
for microfouling._x000D_
Other applications include the
treatment of service water systems
and stagnant water networks of
nuclear plants by multiple biocidal
injection (1). In addition to fouling
control, the chlorine/copper system
may significantly reduce
microbially induced corrosion, MIC,
through its
bacteriocidal/bacteriostatic action.
TOC Removal from WILLIAM E. KATZ, FREDERICK G. CLAY, Ionics, Incorporated, Watertown, This paper presents data on total
Surface Waters by Massachusetts organic carbon, TOC, removal in
Commercially Operating six outsourced commercially
Triple Membrane operating trailer—mounted triple
Demineralizers membrane demineralizing systems
producing ultrapure water. Two of
these serve semiconductor plants,
two serve chemical processing
plants, and two provide
demineralized make—up water to
nuclear power stations. Four of
these units operate on waters
which are derived from surface
sources, one on water from
shallow gallery wells under the
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Page 3439 of 5199 01/27/2018

Mississippi River, and one on
water primarily derived from deep
wells. The two units serving
nuclear power stations are
operating to produce water having
specified TOC of less than 100
ppb and less than 50 ppb and
these two units are equipped with
in—line TOC instruments. The
TOC data on the other four units
have been collected to gain more
insight into the effectiveness of the
different processes.
Triple—membrane demineralizers
consist of ultrafiltration as
pretreatment, electrodialysis
reversal, EDR, as primary
membrane demineralizer, reverse
osmosis as secondary membrane
demineralizer, and one or more
stages of ion exchange polishers
(usually portable). The two
California units include bactericidal
ultraviolet units, UV. The
Mississippi unit includes a TOC
destruction UV unit with more than
10 times the normal bactericidal
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Page 3441 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-88-05 Paper
Page 3442 of 5199 01/27/2018

energy.
TOC Removal from WILLIAM E. KATZ, FREDERICK G. CLAY, Ionics, Incorporated, Watertown,
Surface Waters by Massachusetts
Commercially Operating
Triple Membrane
Demineralizers
TOC Removal from THOMAS A. DAVIS, Graver Water Division of the Graver Company, Union, New
Surface Waters by Jersey
Commercially Operating
Triple Membrane
Demineralizers
Reducing Chlorides and ROBERT DVORIN, SAIC, Paramus, New Jersey, JOHN KRISTENSEN, New The design and operating results
Sulfates by Ultrafiltration York, Power Authority, Buchanan, New York, JOHN ZAHN, New York Power of an ultrafiltration system installed
Authority, White Plains, New York at Indian Point #3 to control total
organic carbon, TOC, and
associated chlorides and sulfates
in makeup water are presented.
The rationale of this choice is
discussed, and reasons offered to
explain the organics reduction.
Analytical techniques are
described, and the process and
economic benefits of the design
are offered.
Reducing Chlorides and ROBERT DVORIN, SAIC, Paramus, New Jersey, JOHN KRISTENSEN, New
Sulfates by Ultrafiltration York, Power Authority, Buchanan, New York, JOHN ZAHN, New York Power
Authority, White Plains, New York
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IWC-88-06 Paper
Page 3445 of 5199 01/27/2018

Authority, White Plains, New York
Reducing Chlorides and ROBERT H. LANGER, VERNON W. JONES, Northeast Utilities, Hartford,
Sulfates by Ultrafiltration Connecticut
Groundwater Restoration GLENN J. CATCHPOLE, Uranerz U.S.A., Inc., Casper, Wyoming, MARK Aquifer restoration, returning the
by Reverse Osmosis MOXLEY, Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, RICK KAISER, groundwater quality to pre-mining
Polymetrics, Inc., San Jose, California conditions, at a commercial
in—situ uranium solution mine in
Wyoming was accomplished in
about eleven months in
1986—1987 using reverse
osmosis and ion exchange
technology. The Department of
Environmental Quality of the State
of Wyoming, contracted the
groundwater cleanup operation at
an abandoned uranium solution
mine located in Fremont County,
Wyoming.
Groundwater Restoration GLENN J. CATCHPOLE, Uranerz U.S.A., Inc., Casper, Wyoming, MARK
by Reverse Osmosis MOXLEY, Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, RICK KAISER,
Polymetrics, Inc., San Jose, California
Groundwater Restoration HARI B. GUPTA, Culligan International, Northbrook, Illinois

by Reverse Osmosis
Page 3446 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-88-07 Paper
Page 3448 of 5199 01/27/2018

Evaluation of a Uniform GORDON P. USITALO, THOMAS J. P. WYSOCKI, Detroit Edison, Detroit, A uniform particle size, UPS, Type
Particle Size Type II Anion Michigan, DANIEL B. RICE, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan II anion resin was evaluated
Resin against a gaussian sized (normal
particle size distribution) Type II
anion resin. New resins of each
type were purchased and installed
side-by-side in the South Make Up
Demineralizer at Detroit Edison’s
St. Clair Power Plant in March
1987. In supervised test runs
performed during 1987 and 1988,
the UPS resin achieved the
following results in comparison to
the conventional Type II
resin:_x000D_
1. Throughput was 5 to 24 percent
greater to a silica endpoint at
similar regenerant dosage and
temperature. _x000D_
2. Required 40 percent less rinse
water following regeneration.
_x000D_
3. Had equal or lower silica
leakage rates. _x000D_
Based on the results of this
evaluation, another bed of UPS
Type II anion resin was installed at
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IWC-88-08 Paper
Page 3451 of 5199 01/27/2018

Detroit Edison’s River Rouge
Power Plant in March 1988.
Evaluation of a Uniform FRANCES M. CUTLER, Southern California Edison, Paramount, California
Particle Size Type II Anion
Resin
Phosphate Hideout in A. BANWEG, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance, Ohio

High-Pressure Solutions
Field Demonstration of a ALAN L. SMITH, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Moving Manifold Targeted
Chlorination System at
John Sevier Fossil Plant
Leachables vs. Ionic SALLIE A. FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania All powdered resins contain some
Leakage in Powdered water-leachable material. Indeed,
Resin Systems all resins contain some level of
water-leachable material. In
powdered form the resin leachate
is simply easier to remove and
quickly reaches levels that call
attention to themselves. You don’t
have to weigh them, run a total
organic carbon,TOC, level or call
in the ion chromatograph. They are
there to be seen._x000D_
Other workers have claimed that
the most colorful of the
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Page 3454 of 5199 01/27/2018

components in the leachate are
caustic regenerable and, hence,
should not interfere with anion
performance in regenerable
systems. But powders are mixed
and used as sold. Cation leachate
that latches on to anion sites in the
precoat procedure, and we have
already demonstrated that it does,
is there during the entire operating
life of the resin. How does it affect
the floc volume? Does it interfere
with the exchange of simple ions
like chloride and sulfate?_x000D_
By mating carefully characterized
anion and cation powders we have
attempted to answer both of these
questions. Indeed, we may even
have developed some clues as to
how much is too much when
extractables are measured on the
individual components.
Leachables vs. Ionic SALLIE A. FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania
Leakage in Powdered
Resin Systems
Leachables vs. Ionic J. R. STAHLBUSH, R. M. STROM, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland,
Leakage in Powdered
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IWC-88-09 Paper
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Leakage in Powdered
Resin Systems
Treatment of Drinking WOLFGANG H. HÖLL, Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center, Karlsruhe, Federal In order to avoid the discharging of
Water by the CARIX Ion Republic of Germany chloride bearing regenerant
Exchange Process; solutions form a conventional
Experiences from Two softener and also to diminish the
Years of Operation of the nitrate concentrations in potable
First Full Scale CARIX water, the administration board
Plant decided in 1984 to order a plant
which relies on the use of carbon
dioxide as a regenerant in an ion
exchange process for partial
demineralization. By means of a
weak-acid resin in the free acid
form and of an anion exchanger in
the bicarbonate form, which are
combined in a mixed bed,
dissolved salts are replaced by
carbonic acid from which gaseous
carbon dioxide can be degassed
For regeneration the service cycle
reaction is reversed. Carbon
dioxide is dissolved in (untreated)
water under pressure in order to
generate carbonic acid which
simultaneously regenerates both
resins. As a consequence the
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resins. As a consequence the
effluent contains only the same
amount of salt that was eliminated
during the service cycle. Due to
the chemical properties of carbonic
acid only a partial conversion of
the resins to the free acid and
bicarbonate forms becomes
possible. As a consequence the
process allows only a partial
demineralization of water, which,
however, is sufficient for the
treatment of drinking water.
Treatment of Drinking WOLFGANG H. HÖLL, Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center, Karlsruhe, Federal
Water by the CARIX Ion Republic of Germany
Exchange Process;
Experiences from Two
Years of Operation of the
First Full Scale CARIX
Plant
Treatment of Drinking FRANK X. McGARVEY, Sybron Chemicals, Inc., Birmingham, New Jersey
Water by the CARIX Ion
Exchange Process;
Experiences from Two
Years of Operation of the
First Full Scale CARIX
Plant
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IWC-88-10 Paper
IWC-88-11 Paper
Page 3463 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Significance and G. J. CRITS, D. H. VALENTINE, Cochrane Environmental Systems, King of General ion exchange resin
Limitations of Laboratory Prussia, Pennsylvania laboratory analysis includes
Resin Analyses in moisture, bead count, total and salt
Evaluating Ion Exchange splitting exchange capacity, iron,
Operating Performance etc., which represent or indicate
the general condition of the resin
as received; but how do these
“static” or gross values relate to
the general operating capacity or
performance? A review of the
ASTM test procedures and
guidance on the interpretation of
the results is given. A kinetic lab
test procedure is detailed. Actual
operating performance tests
should be made on the plant
equipment.
The Significance and MICHAEL J. O'BRIEN, The Graver Company, Union, New Jersey
Limitations of Laboratory
Resin Analyses in
Evaluating Ion Exchange
Operating Performance
Using Microcomputers to D. M. SOPOCY, J. A. MONTANUS, M. D. ROSEN, Sargent & Lundy, Chicago, The Electric Power Research
Improve Power Plant Illinois, W. C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Institute has developed a
Water Management California, K. SWAZAS, Salt River Project, Phoenix, Arizona microcomputer code for assisting
the utility industry in preparing flow
and material balances and
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IWC-88-42 Paper
IWC-88-12 Paper
Page 3466 of 5199 01/27/2018

evaluation water management
options. This paper describes the
general menu driven approach and
results of demonstration testing at
several utility sites where the code
is currently being validated.
Examples are given of the flow and
chemistry balance diagrams for the
Coronado Generating Station of
the Salt River Project.
Using Microcomputers to NANCY K. HENNING, West Texas Utilities, Abelene, Texas
Improve Power Plant
Water Management
On-Line Chemistry JAMES C. BELLOWS, KAREN L. WEAVER, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, An artificial intelligence based
Diagnostics Orlando, Florida, JAMES GALLATIN, Orlando Utilities Commission, Orlando, chemistry diagnostic system for
Florida steam power plants has been
applied. The data sources and
data handling are described. Data
are transmitted to a central
Diagnostic Center where an expert
system converts them to
actionable information. Experience
from the first six months of
operation and user response to the
system is given.
Using Operational DOUGLAS T. MERRILL, BRUCE D. DOUGLAS, Brown & Caldwell, Pleasant Hill, Lime-soda softening is one of the
Solubility Product California, WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo oldest and most important
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Constants to Improve Alto, California industrial water treatment
Water Softening processes. However, few
Calculations engineers and chemists can
accurately predict effluent quality
that will be obtained by this type of
softening. Predictions are poor
even when computers are used to
perform precise and involved
chemical equilibrium calculations.
This paper offers a different
approach for improving water
softening calculations based on
the use of operational solubility
product constants, OSPCs, as a
way of bridging the gap between
chemical theory and actual
practice. To demonstrate the
effectiveness of the OSPC
approach, this paper describes
how operational solubility product
constants are determined under
plant operating conditions or
simulated from a database and
used with a new microcomputer
code. Comparisons are made of
treated water compositions
predicted with OSPCs and
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IWC-88-13 Paper
Page 3472 of 5199 01/27/2018

compositions measured in
laboratory and field studies.
Using Operational DOUGLAS T. MERRILL, BRUCE D. DOUGLAS, Brown & Caldwell, Pleasant Hill,
Solubility Product California, WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo
Constants to Improve Alto, California
Water Softening
Calculations
Using Operational A. W. (GUS) CUMMINGS III, Public Service Company of Colorado, Brush,
Solubility Product
Constants to Improve
Water Softening
Calculations
On-Line, Real-Time Expert DAVID ROBERTS, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, RICHARD An on-line, real-time expert system
System for Cooling Water HERROD, LEON TIETZ, Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas, Texas with a programmable controller
continuously monitors a cooling
water system for problems,
ensuring a rules based corrective
action can be taken before a
significant performance failure
jeopardizes unit reliability. This
paper reviews the history of the
effort, key phases in its
development and a demonstration
of the efficacy.
On-Line, Real-Time Expert PAUL PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Evergreen, Colorado
System for Cooling Water
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IWC-88-15 Paper
IWC-88-16 Paper
Page 3475 of 5199 01/27/2018

Determination of Steam OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware A rationale and the procedure for
Purity Limits for Industrial determination of steam
Turbines purity/chemistry limits for industrial
and marine turbines is described.
Depending on the steam
expansion characteristics of the
turbine (Mollier Diagram), solubility
of steam contaminants, water
treatment, and uses of the
extraction steam, limits for
individual chemical species can be
determined. Operation within these
limits should result in turbines free
of deposition and corrosion.
Determination of Steam OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware
Purity Limits for Industrial
Turbines
Determination of Steam JAMES O. ROBINSON, Betz Laboratories, Trevose, Pennsylvania

Purity Limits for Industrial
Turbines
Steam Purity Problems DOUGLAS DEWITT-DICK, Drew Industrial Division, Ashland Chemical Industrial plants originally designed
Encountered in Industrial Company, Boonton, New Jersey, JESSE S. BEECHER, FRANK SEELS, Drew or retrofitted for cogeneration may
Turbines Industrial Division, Ashland Chemical Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania have well equipped laboratory
facilities for monitoring
pretreatment and steam
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IWC-88-17 Paper
Page 3478 of 5199 01/27/2018

pretreatment and steam
generating system programs.
These facilities may not be as
elaborate or complete as those at
utilities. Industrial plants without
cogeneration facilities, but which
generate electricity may not be as
well equipped to monitor such
programs. A major concern in any
of these plants is to protect
turbines from damage. This paper
discusses methods used to protect
this valuable piece of equipment.
Steam Purity Problems SAMUEL B. DILCER, Jr., Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Encountered in Industrial
Turbines
Steam Purity for Industrial ALAN WHITEHEAD, RICHARD T. BIEVENUE, General Electric Company, In recent years, the number of
Turbines Schenectady, New York reported cases of serious steam
path contamination has been on
the increase. Much of this rise is
due to better diagnostic and
recording systems and of
heightened awareness on the part
of operators, but it appears that
there may also have been some
real increase in the incidence of
steam contamination. In either
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Page 3481 of 5199 01/27/2018

steam contamination. In either
event, the need for understanding
the causes, possible adverse
effects and nature of the solutions
to steam system contamination
remains as important today as
ever._x000D_
The principal sources of industrial
turbine steam path contaminants
and the ways they can enter the
turbine will be outlined. A
mechanism for deposition of solids
and their effects on the
performance and maintenance of
turbines will be discussed. The
need for steam purity control as a
method for reducing carryover
related problems is emphasized
and steam purity
recommendations are given.
Steam Purity for Industrial JOSEPH A. CAMERON, Consultant, Greensburg, Pennsylvania
Turbines
On-Line Chemistry JAMES C. BELLOWS, KAREN L. WEAVER, Westinghouse Electric Corporation,

Diagnostics Orlando, Florida, JAMES GALLATIN, Orlando Utilities Commission, Orlando,
Florida
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IWC-88-18 Report
Page 3484 of 5199 01/27/2018

Steam Purity for Industrial G. NAVITSKY, Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, Connecticut, H. A. Adherence to the specifications set
Steam Generators GRABOWSKI, H.A. Grabowski, Inc., Chicago, Illinois by the American Boiler
Manufacturers Association, ABMA,
has produced satisfactory steam
purity for most industrial boilers.
The present trend of industrial
boiler contracts toward higher
pressure designs and the use of
steam for electric power
generation has placed strict limits
on steam purity. While
manufacturers have provided
boilers which can produce very low
moisture entrainment levels,
acceptable steam purity may
require modifications of past
practice in water chemistry,
makeup equipment and operating
parameters._x000D_
Where excessive carryover has
occurred, a careful review of
existing plant operating data may
identify the cause of carryover.
Inspection of the steam drum may
detect mechanical failures or gaps
in the internals which permit short
circuiting of boiler water into steam
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IWC-88-19 Paper
IWC-88-20 Paper
Page 3487 of 5199 01/27/2018

spaces. A test program which
varies chemical and operational
parameters may have to be
organized to allow operators to
establish criteria which will provide
acceptable steam purity.
Defining Analytical JAMES K. RICE, Consulting Engineer, Olney, Maryland, RAYMOND F. New water quality and human
Methods Performance for MADDALONE, TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, California, WINSTON CHOW, health based aqueous discharge
Power Plant Aqueous Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California limitations near the method
Discharge Compliance detection limits will make it
necessary for dischargers to know
the inter-laboratory precision and
bias of the analytical methods
employed to determine
compliance. Differences between
EPRI’s research program results
for approved methods and those
published by EPA are discussed.
Defining Analytical JAMES K. RICE, Consulting Engineer, Olney, Maryland, RAYMOND F.
Methods Performance for MADDALONE, TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, California, WINSTON CHOW,
Power Plant Aqueous Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
Discharge Compliance
Defining Analytical JAMES L. GRECO, Pennsylvania Electric Company, Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Methods Performance for
Power Plant Aqueous
Discharge Compliance
Guidelines on KEVIN J. SHIELDS, STRATI YORGIADIS, Sheppard T. Powell Associates, This paper overviews EPRI CS-51
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IWC-88-21 Paper
Page 3490 of 5199 01/27/2018

Instrumentation and Baltimore, Maryland, BARRY DOOLEY, Electric Power Research Institute. Palo 64, “Guideline Manual on
Control for Fossil Plant Alto, California Instrumentation and Control for
Cycle Chemistry Fossil Plant Cycle Chemistry”.
Topics presented include sampling
and sample conditioning, analytical
techniques, data management,
and control. Guidelines are offered
for application of water chemistry
instrumentation in both cycling and
non-cycling units based on
commonly applied treatment
practices.
Guidelines on ROBERT M. RICKER, Sentry Equipment Corporation, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin
Instrumentation and
Control for Fossil Plant
Cycle Chemistry
Guidelines on ROBERT M. RICKER, Sentry Equipment Corporation, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin
Instrumentation and
Control for Fossil Plant
Cycle Chemistry
Analytical Techniques for MIKE E. ROGERS, HOWARD HAMILTON, ADE OSENI, Syncrude Canada, Ltd., This paper discusses the
Determining Oily Matter in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada experimental work undertaken to
Condensates Used in establish the correlation between
Cogeneration Steam total organic carbon, TOC, and oil
Plants and grease results in steam
condensates; the impact of the
presence of neutralizing amines on
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IWC-88-24 Report
Page 3493 of 5199 01/27/2018

the analysis and the modifications
carried out to a laboratory TOC
analyzer to use it as an on-line
analyzer on purged samples.
Problems with boiler operation,
ultaviolet, UV, oil analyzers and
precoat filters are described.
Analytical Techniques for MYRA BURGESS, Commonwealth Edison Company, Maywood, Illinois
Determining Oily Matter in
Condensates Used in
Cogeneration Steam
Plants
Treatment of Refinery ROBERT O'CONNELL, The Graver Company, Union, New Jersey The condensate de-oiling process,
Condensate by a Unique to be discussed, was originally
Coalescing Process developed for use in refineries.
The essence of the process is a
specially treated oleophilic cation
ion exchange resin, which
coalesces dispersed oil from
water. The process is simple,
virtually continuous, and results in
two discrete product streams, de-
oiled condensate and reclaimed
oil. The process does not require
any on-line addition of chemicals
nor does the resin require the
periodic addition of regenerants.
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IWC-88-40 Paper
Page 3496 of 5199 01/27/2018

The process has been in
commercial operation since 1976
and was the subject of a progress
report given at the 42nd Annual
Meeting of The International Water
Conference. This paper will deal
with the operating data collected
from some of the fifteen coalescer
plants installed worldwide since
the initial presentation.
Free vs. Captive S. T. COSTA, J. M. PACE, R. D. TRUMBETTA, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, This paper reviews phosphate
Alkalinity...Factors Pennsylvania treatment programs for high
Affecting the Choice of a pressure boilers: Precision,
High Pressure Industrial Congruent and coordinated
Boiler Internal Treatment phosphate control. The primary
Program consideration in the selection of
the correct program is the system’s
ability to minimize sodium. As
discussed, all other parameters
are considerably less important. If
a captive alkalinity program is
selected to minimize free caustic,
be aware that even the higher
pressure utility boilers, typically on
Congruent Control, revert to
Precision Control on start-up and
shutdown to:_x000D_
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IWC-88-25 Report
Page 3499 of 5199 01/27/2018

• Minimize silica
volatilization_x000D_
• Speed magnetite
formation_x000D_
• Purge silica from a boiler during
start-up
Cost Savings in Treatment JOHN W. KAAKINEN, Chemetek, Astoria, Oregon Lowering of chemical treatment
of Cooling Water Through and associated brine disposal
Use of Ion-Exchange costs is the rationale for the
Processes with Chemicals development of the ion exchange,
Supplied from Waste Brine IX, processes described in this
paper. Generally, the use of
conventional ion exchange, IX,
softening for cooling water
pretreatment could be dismissed
as uneconomical if the sodium
chloride salt needed to regenerate
the IX had to be purchased and
imported. In addition, the sodium
chloride needed in excess of
stoichiometric amounts to
regenerate conventional IX
softening resins would add to the
quantity and cost of brine disposal.
However, these disadvantages of
IX softening are overcome through
the use of an IX softening
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IWC-88-26 Report
IWC-88-27 Report
Page 3502 of 5199 01/27/2018

process._x000D_
The key to the economical
application of the IX processes
presented in this paper is that the
waste blowdown brine is utilized as
a resource to provide the principal
chemicals needed for cooling
water treatment. Decreasing the
costs of additional sludge or brine
generated from imported
chemicals
Report on the Effects of RANDY R. JONES, Georgia Power Company, Bayley, Georgia, GEORGE C. This report explores the retrofit of
Filter Aid Body Feed to FLYNN, Graver Water Union, New Jersey twin countercurrent cation and
Condensate Precoat mixed bed demineralizers at
Filter/Demineralizers at Gibbons Creek Power Station of
Georgia Power Company's TM PA. The initial internal plastic
Plant I.E. Hatch distribution system had failed due
to severe corrosion several times
since startup in 1982. New modern
header lateral systems were
installed which corrected the
previous failures and increased
capacity by 40%.
Retrofitting Low Efficiency PHILIP K. HAZEN, Texas Municipal Power Company, Carlos, Texas, GLENDA This report explores the retrofit of
Demineralizers with New ARD, McCormack Corporation, Dallas, Texas twin countercurrent cation and
Internals Pays Big mixed bed demineralizers at
Dividends Gibbons Creek Power Station of
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IWC-88-28 Paper
Page 3505 of 5199 01/27/2018

Texas Municipal Power Agency,
TMPA. The initial internal plastic
distribution system had failed due
to severe corrosion several times
since startup in 1982. New modern
header lateral systems were
installed which corrected the
previous failures and increased
capacity by 40%.
Development and ORIN HOLLANDER, Betz Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, Pennsylvania, J. During investigations at the
Application of a New LAMBERT, Betz Industrial, Huntsville, Alabama, D. WILLEISON, Georgia Power, Laboratories on the behavior of the
Corrosion Inhibitor for Taylorsville, Georgia triazole class of copper corrosion
Copper-Bearing Alloys inhibitors, serious deficiencies
were noted with the chemical
bonding model of a polymeric film.
Based on the results of that
research, a new model was
proposed for the mechanism of
inhibition. Compatible with
previous findings, this model
provides insight into the
relationship of structure to activity.
Furthermore, it suggests ways of
modifying the parent benzotriazole
molecule to improve specific
inhibitor properties._x000D_
This paper reports the results of
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IWC-88-30 Paper
Page 3508 of 5199 01/27/2018

this research program and the
development of a new inhibitor,
(U.S. Patent 4,744,950), that forms
a film so tenacious that it need
only be applied at infrequent
intervals. The economics of
inhibiting copper corrosion in large
recirculating and once-through
cooling systems are significantly
improved with this product. Field
trial results at Georgia Power,
Plant Bowen, confirm the
laboratory findings.
Development and GERALD D. HANSEN, Consultant, Holicond, Pennsylvania
Application of a New
Corrosion Inhibitor for
Copper-Bearing Alloys
Development of a Cooling TIMOTHY W. TROFE, Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas, RICHARD J. SUGAM, This paper presents the results of
Water Treatment Program Public Service Electric & Gas Company, Newark, New Jersey, ASHOK a field test program performed to
to Protect ACB Fill in a PASRICHA, Public Service Electric & Gas Company, Hancocks Bridge, New establish a cost-effective cooling
High TDS Recirculating Jersey, WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, water treatment program for Public
Cooling Water System California Service Electric Gas (PSE&G)
Company’s Hope Creek Station
that would alleviate or minimize
asbestos cement board, ACB, fill
deterioration and would protect the
condensers from scaling.
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IWC-88-31 Paper
Page 3511 of 5199 01/27/2018

Commissioned in December 1986,
this 1067 MWe BWR nuclear
generating station uses estuarine
makeup water from the Delaware
River in a re circulating cooling
water system containing titanium
tubed condensers and a natural
draft cooling tower fitted with ACB
fill.
Development of a Cooling TIMOTHY W. TROFE, Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas, RICHARD J. SUGAM,
Water Treatment Program Public Service Electric & Gas Company, Newark, New Jersey, ASHOK
to Protect ACB Fill in a PASRICHA, Public Service Electric & Gas Company, Hancocks Bridge, New
High TDS Recirculating Jersey, WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto,
Cooling Water System California
Development of a Cooling PETER L. TREMONT, Peter L. Tremont & Associates, Houston, Texas
to Protect ACB Fill in a
High TDS Recirculating
Combination Cooling CARL R. CAMPER, Jr., MARK R. STEVENS, Montana Power Company, A combination cooling water/wet
Water/FGD Wet Scrubber Colstrip, Montana, EDWARD W. EKIS, Jr., M. LINDA LIN, MICHAEL T. scrubber Treatment program
Chemical Treatment at MEYERKORD, RICHARD J. MOUCHE, ROBERT W. SHIELY, Nalco Chemical implemented at Montana Power,
Montana Power Company Company Naperville, Illinois Colstrip, Montana is an all-in-one
treatment approach that effectively
controls deposit formation and
corrosion in recirculating cooling
water tower blowdown contains
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IWC-88-32 Paper
Page 3514 of 5199 01/27/2018

sufficient amounts of effective
inhibitors to prevent gypsum
formation on FGD mist eliminators
and wash trays.
On-Line Chemistry DALE M. SOPOCY, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, Illinois
Diagnostics
Use of Advanced SUE A. HOBART, Adams & Hobart Consulting Engineers, San Jose, California, In 1985, when profilometry
Analytical Techniques to CLARINE ANDERSON, Balazs Analytical Laboratory, Mountain View, California, measurements were performed,
Evaluate PWR Secondary MEREDITH J. ANGWIN, Crescent Project Management, Palo Alto, California, Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant
Cycle Water Chemistry JAN SVENSON, Vattenfall (Swedish State Power Board), Varobacka, Sweden personnel discovered that the
hydraulic expansion of a
considerable number of steam
generator tubes was incomplete,
and small annular crevices
remained at the tubesheet. These
crevices were found to be only a
few centimeters in depth. The
discovery raised concerns about
crevice chemistry environments
and whether tube corrosion would
be accelerated in the crevice
region. Before deciding whether to
implement any remedial or
corrective measures, such as
online boric acid addition, tube
sleeving or additional hydraulic
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IWC-88-33 Paper
Page 3517 of 5199 01/27/2018

sleeving or additional hydraulic
expansion, it was decided to obtain
the best possible chemistry data
that might permit inference of
crevice chemistry conditions. A
number of advanced analytical
procedures were developed to
improve accuracy and levels of
detection.
Use of Advanced SUE A. HOBART, Adams & Hobart Consulting Engineers, San Jose, California,
Analytical Techniques to CLARINE ANDERSON, Balazs Analytical Laboratory, Mountain View, California,
Evaluate PWR Secondary MEREDITH J. ANGWIN, Crescent Project Management Palo Alto, California,
Cycle Water Chemistry JAN SVENSON, Vattenfall (Swedish State Power Board), Varobacka, Sweden
Use of Advanced MARYANN KLICK, GPU Nuclear Corporation, Reading, Pennsylvania
Analytical Techniques to
Evaluate PWR Secondary
Cycle Water Chemistry
The Continuing NORMAN SEVRIN, ROBERT J. DOLAN, Public Service Electric & Gas, The purpose of this paper is to
Maintenance of Superior Hancocks Bridge, New Jersey, ELI SALEM, The Graver Company, Union, New report the results of the water
Chemistry at a PWR Jersey chemistry values obtained at the
Nuclear Station: PSE&G Salem Nuclear Station. and
Company Salem Station describe how they were obtained.
Those criteria used and presented
in the previous 1982 IWC paper
had been maintained and
optimized. These results are the
culmination of a joint effort by the
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IWC-88-34 Paper
Page 3520 of 5199 01/27/2018

personnel at the Salem Station
and the supplier of the equipment.
The condensate polisher system
was upgraded with resin flotation
regeneration technology to
maintain the minimum levels of
contaminants in the steam
generators.
The Continuing NORMAN SEVRIN, ROBERT J. DOLAN, Public Service Electric & Gas,
Maintenance of Superior Hancocks Bridge, New Jersey, ELI SALEM, The Graver Company, Union, New
Chemistry at a PWR Jersey
Nuclear Station: PSE&G
Company Salem Station
The Continuing DAVID C. AUERSWALD, Southern California Edison, Paramount, California
Maintenance of Superior
Chemistry at a PWR
Nuclear Station: PSE&G
Company Salem Station
A New Look at Phosphate CYRIL K. MACNEIL, New Brunswick Electric Power Commission, Point Lepreau, Point Lepreau Generating Station,
vs. AVT for Nuclear Steam New Brunswick, Canada, MARVIN D. SILBERT, Marvin Silbert and Associates, PLGS, is a 660 Mwe CANDU-
Generators Willowdale, Ontario, Canada PHWR, Canadian Deuterium
Uranium - Pressurized Heavy
Water Reactor, owned and
operated by the New Brunswick
Electric Power Commission. With
the world-wide movement of PWR
plants away from phosphate
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IWC-88-35 Paper
Page 3523 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemistry to all-volatile treatment,
AVT, an objective evaluation was
recently performed to determine
the best option for continued
reliable operation at PLGS. This
work was split into two phases: a
survey of world experience and an
evaluation of PLGS operation as it
relates to world experience.
A New Look at Phosphate K. ANTHONY SELBY, Water Technology Consultants, Chicago, Illinois
vs. AVT for Nuclear Steam
Generators
Evaluation of Hideout GARY E. BROBST, GEBCO Engineering, Edgewater, Maryland, SUE A. This paper describes Electric
Return Data: Comparison HOBART, Adams & Hobart Consulting Engineers, San Jose, California, Power Research Institute’s work
of MULTEQ Analyses of FRANCIS J. KENESHEA, Consultant, Portola Valley, California, THOMAS O. undertaken to see if correlations
Blowdown and Feedwater PASSELL, CHARLES S. WELTY, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, between code-predicted crevice
with other Evaluative California pH and known corrosion
Techniques mechanisms can be developed.
Studies of the MULTEQ code’s
performance and sensitivities
when using plant data will be
described. Various applications of
the code will be discussed, with
particular emphasis on correlations
found between predicted crevice
pH and actual corrosion
mechanisms seen in the plants
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Page 3525 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-88-36 Paper
Page 3526 of 5199 01/27/2018

mechanisms seen in the plants
studied. Other data evaluation
techniques that have been
proposed by various groups will be
mentioned, and their results
compared to those obtained from
using the code Finally, conclusions
will be presented that relate to
uses of the code, species that
appear to affect crevice pH most
strongly, and usefulness of the
different data evaluations studied.
Evaluation of Hideout GARY E. BROBST, GEBCO Engineering, Edgewater, Maryland, SUE A.
Return Data: Comparison HOBART, Adams & Hobart Consulting Engineers, San Jose, California,
of MULTEQ Analyses of FRANCIS J. KENESHEA, Consultant, Portola Valley, California, THOMAS O.
Blowdown and Feedwater PASSELL, CHARLES S. WELTY, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto,
with other Evaluative California
Techniques
Evaluation of Hideout S. G. SAWOCHKA, NWT Corporation, San Jose, California
Return Data: Comparison
of MULTEQ Analyses of
Blowdown and Feedwater
with other Evaluative
Techniques
Removal of Trace MARK A. MANZIONE, DOUGLAS T. MERRILL, Brown and Caldwell, Pleasant Many trace elements found in coal-
Elements from Power Hill, California, MARY E. McLEARN, WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power fired power plant, CFPP,
Plant Waste Streams by Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, JAMES F. STINE, Pennsylvania Power wastewaters are designated as
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Page 3529 of 5199 01/27/2018

Iron and Light Company, Allentown, Pennsylvania, SHIGERU KOBAYASHI, priority pollutants by the USEPA.
Adsorption/Coprecipitation Pennsylvania Power and Light Company, Washingtonville, Pennsylvania, These include arsenic (As),
WAYNE J. MARTIN, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd),
Washington copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead
(Pb), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se),
silver (Ag), and zinc (Zn)._x000D_
In many locations, low trace
element discharge limits may be
established to meet the
requirements of the Water Quality
Act of 1987. Te Electric Power
Research Institute, EPRI, began
sponsoring a series of studies 10
years ago to define the capabilities
of the iron
adsorption/coprecipitation process
for removing trace elements from
CFPP wastewaters. This process
was studied because it can
remove trace elements to
microgram—per-liter levels, and
because, for most situations, it is
more effective and lower in cost
than alternative trace element
removal treatment
technologies._x000D_
This paper presents the results of
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IWC-88-37 Paper
Page 3532 of 5199 01/27/2018

a field demonstration of the
adsorption/coprecipitation process
at the Pennsylvania Power and
Light (PP&L) Company’s Montour
Steam Electric Station. The study
focused on removing many of the
above-mentioned trace elements
from several CFPP waste streams.
Removal of Trace MARK A. MANZIONE, DOUGLAS T. MERRILL, Brown and Caldwell, Pleasant
Elements from Power Hill, California, MARY E. McCLEARN, WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power
Plant Waste Streams by Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, JAMES F. STINE, Pennsylvania Power
Iron and Light Company, Allentown, Pennsylvania, SHIGERU KOBAYASHI,
Adsorption/Coprecipitation Pennsylvania Power and Light Company, Washingtonville, Pennsylvania,
WAYNE J. MARTIN, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland,
Washington
Removal of Trace DAVID E. SIMON, II, Cyrus Rice Consulting Group, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
Elements from Power
Plant Waste Streams by
Iron
Adsorption/Coprecipitation
New Lower Cost Method RONALD L. KOLBASH, American Electric Power, Lancaster, Ohio, DONALD Although this paper reviews new
for Treating Acid Mine BUDEIT, Turbojett International, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania technology in the treatment of Acid
Drainage: A Case History - Mine Drainage, the technology
Martinka Mine #1 pioneered in this installation is
applicable to all aspects of
industrial, municipal or
environmental waste water
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Page 3535 of 5199 01/27/2018

treatment when aeration, mixing
and/or chemical addition is
required._x000D_
The patented mechanical mixing
nozzle device which is the heart of
the system to be discussed here,
simultaneously accomplishes the
functions of aeration, neutralization
and rapid highly efficient mixing.
This multi-functional apparatus,
has a center section which, in
addition to inlet and outlet,
contains numerous high velocity
eductor jets arranged in a circular,
tangentially angled configuration.
Pressurized feed water is
channeled to the center section by
an outer jacket so that the water is
forced through the eductor jets,
entraining gross quantities of air
and controlled amounts of
chemicals, as appropriate_x000D_
The operation of the device in a
new acid mine drainage facility is
described, which has met NPDES
discharge limits.
New Lower Cost Method DONALD H. NEWMAN, Schneider Engineers, Bridgeville, Pennsylvania
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IWC-88-38 Paper
IWC-88-39 Paper
Page 3538 of 5199 01/27/2018

for Treating Acid Mine
Drainage: A Case History -
Martinka Mine #1
FRG Wastewater ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim AG, Mannheim, Federal Republic Most commonly used flue gas
Treatment - State of the of Germany, ERICH DETERLE, PHILIPP MUELLER, Nachfolger Eugen Bucher desulfurization, FGD, processes in
Art in the Federal Republic GmBH & Co., Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany utility applications are wet,
of Germany calcium— based processes which
use lime or lime stone as a reagent
in the scrubbing liquor. The final
product of most of the systems is
gypsum which is used in the
building materials and cement
industries. The wastewater of FGD
plants is treated in special FGD
wastewater treatment units.
FRG Wastewater ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim AG, Mannheim, Federal Republic
Treatment - State of the of Germany, ERICH DETERLE, PHILIPP MUELLER, Nachfolger Eugen Bucher
Art in the Federal Republic GmBH & Co., Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany
of Germany
FRG Wastewater WALTER ZABBAN, The Chester Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Treatment - State of the
Art in the Federal Republic
of Germany
An On-Site Chemical M. L. SAMUELSON, S. B. McCONNELL, E. F. HOY, Dowell Schlumberger, The disposal of spent
Treatment for Removing Tulsa, Oklahoma ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid,
Iron and Copper from EDTA, cleaning solutions has
Chelant Cleaning Wastes become more difficult and
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IWC-88-43 Paper
Page 3541 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chelant Cleaning Wastes become more difficult and
expensive because of new
environmental regulatory
guidelines. Regulatory activity and
increasing public awareness make
it clear that safe and efficient
treatment methods are needed for
liquid wastes containing iron,
copper and other heavy metals.
Laboratory and field results are
presented of a patented, on— site
treatment process capable of
removing greater than 99.9% of
the iron and copper from spent
EDTA cleaning solutions.
An On-Site Chemical M. L. SAMUELSON, S. B. McCONNELL, E. F. HOY, Dowell Schlumberger,
Treatment for Removing Tulsa, Oklahoma
Iron and Copper from
Chelant Cleaning Wastes
An On-Site Chemical JOHN W. SCHUMANN, City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power,
Treatment for Removing Los Angeles, California
Iron and Copper from
Chelant Cleaning Wastes
Comparison of Oxygen P. D. SCHUMACHER, R. D. MUEHLENKAMP, K. A. KOEHLER, Wisconsin High-pressure boiler feedwater
Control and Amine Electric Power Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, R. A. JOHNSON, Nalco systems treated with hydrazine or
Strategies to Minimize Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois sulfite at Wisconsin Electric Power
Crud Loading in High- Company in Milwaukee are
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IWC-88-44 Paper
Page 3544 of 5199 01/27/2018

Pressure Boiler Feedwater compared to erythorbic acid
Systems treatment for oxygen scavenging
and metal passivation. pH and
corrosion product ‘crud” data are
also presented for a high-pressure
feedwater system treated with
erythorbic acid and traditional
amines. Turbine deposits that were
taken from different boiler systems
treated by either erythorbic acid or
hydrazine are compared for
organic acid content.
Comparison of Oxygen PETER TURNER, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
Control and Amine
Strategies to Minimize
Crud Loading in High-
Pressure Boiler Feedwater
Systems
Corrosion Inhibitor ALLEN E. FELTZIN, Airco Industrial Gases, Murray Hill, New Jersey, ROBERT A scale model cooling water
Performance in a Scale DISTEFANO, Syntec Corporation, Water Management Group, Newark, Delaware system simulator was constructed
Model Cooling Water and geared to the operational
System Simulator parameters of a typical air
separation facility. Seven inhibitor
formulations were evaluated for
protection of admiralty brass and
carbon steel using Wilmington,
Delaware Municipal Water. Results
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IWC-88-45 Report
IWC-88-47 Report
Page 3547 of 5199 01/27/2018

and costs were compared to a low
level zinc—chrome program.
Corrosion Inhibitor MIKE A. WINTERS, Amoco Corporation, Naperville, Illinois
Performance in a Scale
Model Cooling Water
System Simulator
Performance and PATRICK SULLIVAN, ALAN YEOMAN, Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Ardsley, New The performance characteristics of
Mechanism of Cooling York au organic corrosion inhibitor,
Water Programs Based on Hydroxy Phosphonocarboxylic
Hydroxy Acid, HPA, were investigated using
Phosphonocarboxylic Acid several techniques. These
(HPA) included fundamental mechanistic
studies of how HPA interacts at the
metal surface to inhibit corrosion.
In addition, complete cooling water
programs based on HPA were
developed for application to waters
with calcium hardness from 50 to
700 ppm calcium (as calcium
carbonate) and pH from 7.5 to 9.
The performance of these
programs was demonstrated using
process simulation.
Predict Fouling, Preserve J. FRED WILKES, Aquatec Quimica S.A., TitusvilLe, Florida, FLAVIO BIANCHI, Low hardness/alkalinity makeup
Thermal Efficiency: Real- MESSIAS C. AMARAL, Aquetec Quimica S.A., Titusville, Florida waters of Brazil are corrosive even
Life, Real Time Program when highly concentrated by
Evaluations evaporation. Scale and corrosion
Page 3548 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-88-48 Report
Page 3550 of 5199 01/27/2018

problems are easily controlled, but
organics, Fe and Al in makeup
cause serious fouling. In these
case histories, a field diagnostic
system continuously predicts
thermal efficiency and monitors
corrosion in cooling circuits,
comparing on-line performance of
chemical programs in service with
others being considered.
Advantages of new non-fouling
treatment programs are shown.
Biofouling Control using a SUNAO IKUTA, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Tokyo Japan, KUNIO Biofouling (both macro and micro)
Synergistic Hydrogen NISHIMURA , TORU YASUNAGA, SEIICHI ICHIKAWA, YOSHIHARU WAKAO, of condensers and heat
Peroxide and Ferrous Ion Katayama Chemical, Inc., Osaka, Japan exchangers is a major problem for
Technique Japan’s fossil and nuclear power
plants, which use seawater for
cooling. Due to the toxicity of
chlorine and the resultant
restrictions in its use, an inorganic
hydrogen peroxide, Chemical A,
was tested alone, and,
synergistically, with a ferrous ion
additive, chemlcal B,in a pipe rack
to determine effective
concentrations for biofouling
control. A dosage of 1 ppm. for
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IWC-88-49 Report
IWC-88-50 Report
Page 3553 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chemical A with 0.25 ppm. for
Chemical B was selected from the
dose concentration study.
Chemicals were applied
continuously (24 hours per day) to
control fouling._x000D_
A full—scale evaluation was
conducted in a power plant to
verify the results of the dose
concentration and duration studies,
which indicated that the synergistic
effect of the two Chemicals (A with
B) can reduce biofouling by six
times.
The Use of Ceramic- ROBERT MARAVICH, GLEN P. SUNDSTROM, WAYNE T. BATES, Illinois This paper provides a progress
Based Tubular Water Treatment Company, Rockford, Illinois report on continuing bench-scale
Microfiltration Membranes and pilot plant-scale testing
for Conventional Water operations utilizing inorganic
Treatment Applications ceramic-based membranes for
conventional water treatment
applications. A brief description of
the ceramic membranes utilized in
the testing program, along with a
discussion of cross-flow
microfiltration, is presented. Actual
test data will also be outlined.
Water and Wastewater O. ELMER MITCHELL, Rust International Corporation, Birmingham, Alabama This progress report is concerned
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IWC-88-52 Report
Page 3556 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment Systems for the with the formation of the water and
Frackville Cogeneration wastewater treatment systems
Facility design to achieve “zero
wastewater discharge” for a
cogeneration facility at Frackville
PA, using acid mine pool water as
the makeup water source. Start-up
of this facility was from early July
and it is continuing as this
progress report is being written.
The data contained herein is a
compilation of the design
information known to date. Further
information should be available for
presentation at the Water
Conference.
Service Water Iron Deposit PETER L. TREMONT, Peter L. Tremont & Associates, Houston, Texas
Removal at Grand Gulf
Nuclear
A New Microfiltration RANDOLPH L. TRUBY, UOP Fluid Systems Corporation, San Diego, California
Membrane Separation
Process for Water
Treatment
Selection and Treatment M. I. MORRIS, J. L. KASTEN, T. M. GILLIAM, Waste Management Technology This paper describes the program
of Priority Liquid Waste Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, L. R. DOLE currently underway for the
Streams on the Oak Ridge Qualtech, Inc., Oak Ridge, Tennessee condition, treatment, and
Reservation immobilization of selected liquid
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IWC-88-53 Report
IWC-88-54 Report
Page 3559 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reservation immobilization of selected liquid
waste streams on the Oak Ridge
reservation. The objective of this
program is to find processes that
will neutralize the hazardous and
radioactive nature of the liquid
wastes and put them in a form
suitable for interim storage for a
period of 10-15 years.
Ultrapure Water Treatment JOSE LUIS DEL ARCO, Graver Espanola, SA, Bilbao, Spain, JOSE For a new integrated circuit, IC,
Plant for I.C. FERNANDEZ BENLLOCH, Foster Wheeler Iberia, Madrid, Spain, PETER manufacturing plant, an ultrapure
Manufacturing ZOGAS, ATT, Allentown, Pennsylvania water treatment plant has been
built in Madrid, Spain. The focus
idea was to meet the requirement
of ASTM Dl9.02.03.03 grade E-l
with a combination of reverse
osmosis, RO, and ion exchange,
IE. The quality after seven months
from start-up the plant is consistent
with specific resistance higher than
18 megohms-cm. and total organic
carbon, TOC, less than 10 ppm at
point of use.
Feedwater Iron Reduction B. C. WHITE, J. W. DAVIS, Carolina Power and Light Company, Southport, Elevated feedwater iron
at Brunswick North Carolina concentrations (~5 ppb.) have
been experienced at Brunswick
BWR nuclear power plant
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IWC-88-55 Report
Page 3562 of 5199 01/27/2018

throughout its operating history.
The iron is a function of the plant’s
feedwater system design, in which
condensate from some of the
feedwater heaters is deaerated
and pumped forward to make 30%
of the final feedwater volume.
Erosion in a portion of the carbon
steel extraction steam piping
necessitated replacement and
A335 grade P22 CrMo steel piping
was installed. This resulted in a
70% reduction in reactor feedwater
iron.
Application of KENNETH B. MANCINI, Betz Equipment Systems, Horsham, Pennsylvania, Three state-of-the-art monitoring
Microprocessor-Based ERNEST G. TAYLOR, Betz Industrial, Houston, Texas, JEAN ALGATE, Union and control systems were installed
Control Systems to Large Carbide Corporation, Texas City, Texas on a complex cooling system
Industrial Cooling Towers network having a combined
volume and recirculation rate of
13MM gallons and 310,000 gpm
respectively. Eleven cooling towers
are involved. The computer control
systems have improved Statistical
Process Control, SPC, updated
control and data communications,
and optimized manpower
utilization.
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IWC-88-57 Report
IWC-88-58 Report
IWC-88-59 Report
Page 3565 of 5199 01/27/2018

Real Time Control of Scale ROBERT J. FERGUSON, ChemLink, Malvern, Pennsylvania, OMAR CODINA,
Inhibitor Feed Rate WAYNE RULE, TU Electric Company, Dallas, Texas, RONALD BAEBEL,
ChemLink, Dallas, Texas
Experiences in Applying JENNY THOM, MARK GIUSTO, Drew Industrial Division, Ashland Chemical This progress report discusses the
Statistical Process Control Company, Boonton, New Jersey experiences of one water
Techniques to_x000D_ treatment supplier during the
Managing Industrial Water process of implementing a
Treatment Programs Statistical Process Control, SPC,
program using an on—site
computer software package
provided by the vendor. Evaluating
potential users, acclimating plant
personnel to the use of computer-
based SPC, and instruction on the
use, value and interpretation of
control charts are covered.
Pilot Scale Evaluation of R. J. H. COWLES, Syncrude Canada Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada The effect of changing a
Changing a Demineralizer demineralizer train configuration
Train Configuration and using a true weak base anion,
WBA, exchange resin instead of
an organic screen resin has been
evaluated on the pilot scale. It is
concluded that the WBA gives
better organics removal as well as
reducing the ionic load on the
strong base resin. It was also
found that the type of organic
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IWC-88-60 Report
IWC-88-61 Report
Page 3568 of 5199 01/27/2018

found that the type of organic
screen resin used has a significant
effect on run lengths. These
results are discussed in terms of
the incentives for changing the full
scale plant.
Factors Influencing DON BRODIE, The Purolite Company/Microlite, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, Various factors effect the formation
Powdered Ion Exchange JOSEPH BORGQUIST, CINDY RANALLI, The Purolite Company/Microlite, of powdered resin precoats, this
Resin Precoats Philadelphia, Pennsylvania paper looks at some of these and
presents them in a format usable
by both operators and chemists.
An extension of the original work
looks at the supernatant turbidity
and proposes a mechanism for
resin bleed through and filter
element life.
Regeneration of Anion C. J. ROMERO, Champlin Refining Company, Corpus Christi, Texas, S. D. This progress report will focus on
Exchange Resins with COKER, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas, M. P. MURPHY, the reported use of regular grade
Regular-Grade The Dow Chemical Company, Walnut Creek, California diaphragm cell caustic soda as the
Diaphragm-Cell Caustic regenerant for the anion exchange
Soda: a Five-Year Plant resin system used in a four bed
Trial refinery makeup water
demineralizer train: weak acid
cation, strong acid cation, weak
base anion and strong base anion.
The regenerant conversion from
high purity mercury grade to
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IWC-88-62 Report
Page 3571 of 5199 01/27/2018

regular grade caustic was based
on several considerations. These
included output quality and
throughput, cost savings, and
suppliers who could maintain
consistency, meet specifications
and product quality.
Field Operating MANFRED NOACK, Olin Corporation, Cheshire, Connecticut,
Experiences with a Volatile
Oxygen Scavenger/Metal
Passivator in a High
Pressure Utility Circuit
Case Study: Zero Liquid DAN PETERSON, Resources Conservation Company, Bellevue, Washington,
Discharge Water TERRY BRADHAM, Sirrine Environmental Consultants, Raleigh, North Carolina
Treatment System at the
Stratton Energy Project
Biomass Power Plant
On-Line Analysis of S. P. ULBRICHT, M. D. MORETTI, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance, This paper describes the
Anions and Cations by Ion Ohio, R. BARRY DOOLEY, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, application of a new continuous
Chromatography using California, ALROY F. ASCHOFF, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, Illinois, gradient ion chromatography, IC,
Gradient and Column- J. MASTRANGELO, Dionex Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia analysis method for the
Switching Techniques determination of both anions and
organic acids. Also discussed is
column-switch ing cation analysis.
The results will be of tremendous
benefit to the utility industry in that
continuous gradient IC analysis is
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IWC-88-63 Report
IWC-88-65 Report
Page 3574 of 5199 01/27/2018

one of the only known methods for
on-line determination of low-level
(parts-per-billion, ppb.) sulfate and
organic acids simultaneously. The
work presented here will also
assist in the simplification and
improvement of the methodology
for more general utility use.
Advances in Continuous WAYNE B. HUEBNER, Wallace & Tiernan Division, Pennwalt Corporation, Reliability of chlorination and/or
Analysis of Chlorine Belleville, New Jersey dechlorination control systems is
Residuals Improve Control completely dependent on the
of Chlorination and reliability of the chlorine residual
Dechlorination Processes analyzer. A recently developed
three-electrode analyzer was
designed for low maintenance, low
cost of operation, and high
accuracy and precision under
variable conditions. This paper will
introduce the three-electrode
analyzer, review the application,
and present operational data from
field installations.
Low Pressure Steam M. ROTTOLI, CISE, Innovative Technology, S.P.A., Milan, Italy, F. SIGON, The corrosion phenomena
Purity: Behavior of the ENEL, Thermal and Nuclear Research Center, Milan, Italy observed on the low pressure, LP,
Chemical Species in turbine blades with the occurrence
Condensing Steam of some important failures have
induced activities to characterize
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steam chemistry. A unique system
has been designed to characterize
LP steam and condensing steam,
The higher tendency of chlorides
and ammonium ions, with
reference to sodium and sulphate,
to concentrate in the condensed
phase is presented and discussed
on the theoretical basis.
The History of the J. FRED WILKES, Consultant, Titusville, Florida [Pages with roman numerals] The
International Water Keynote address covered the
Conference history of the International Water
Conference from its inception by
Engineers Society of Western
Pennsylvania with support from the
Pittsburgh Section ASCE and the
Civil Section through the first 50
years. J. Fred Wilkes emphasized
the contributions of many people
who contributed time and
resources to the conference, which
grew to be “The Conference on
Industrial Water”. The careers and
achievements of many industry
leaders were listed with their
significant contributions to the
IWC. The influence of the ESWP
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IWC-89-01 Report
Page 3580 of 5199 01/27/2018

staff, conference executive
committee and industry advisory
committee members in planning
and supporting the IWC had a
significant role in the continued
growth as shown by the increased
registrations and technical
presentations. Several water
technology advances were first
published by the IWC and many
key papers were given on specific
water topics. The conference was
renamed the International Water
Conference in 1961, recognizing
the increased attendance and
presentations from overseas
participants. A gallery of 57
photos of the significant
contributors to the first 50 years of
the IWC completed the Keynote
Address.
Past, Present and Future PETER S. CARTWRIGHT, Cartwright Consulting Co., Minneapolis, Minnesota The membrane technologies of
of Membrane Technology microfiltration, ultra-filtration,
reverse osmosis, and
electrodialysis have played a
significant role in total water
management applications for
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IWC-89-02 Paper
Page 3583 of 5199 01/27/2018

several decades. With the
advantages of continuous process,
positive contaminant barrier,
simple design, modular
construction, no chemical
requirements, these technologies
have found application in waste
treatment and processing as well
as water purification. This paper
traces the history of these
technologies, details the present
state-of-the-art, and provides a
look at the future of membrane and
system development.
Evaluation of Low ROBERT M. QUINN, R Q Associates, Inc., Teaneck, New Jersey, CONNIE A study of Low Pressure Reverse
Pressure Reverse MORTON, City of Sarasota Water Plant, Sarasota, Florida Osmosis, conducted for the City of
Osmosis Membranes Sarasota, was reviewed. The Pilot
Unit used commercial modules in
two stages at 220 to 268 psi. feed
pressure with 1788 mg/l. total
dissolved solids The design and
operation was described and the
data collected outlined. The results
were examined and the process
and economic benefits reviewed.
The applicability of this study to
municipal and Industrial uses was
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IWC-89-03 Paper
IWC-89-04 Paper
Page 3586 of 5199 01/27/2018

discussed.
Evaluation of Low ROY HANGO, IBM Corporation, Essex Junction, Vermont

Pressure Reverse
Osmosis Membranes
Service Water Iron Deposit J. E. ANTOINE, G. O. SMITH, System Energy Resources, Inc., Port Gibson, Chemical cleaning or iron and
Removal at Grand Gulf Mississippi, E. W. EKIS, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois, W. M. manganese cooling water deposits
Nuclear KEMP, G. J. PETERSON, Nalco Chemical Company, Atlanta, Georgia has been successfully performed
on three service water systems at
Grand Gulf nuclear power plant.
The technology utilized is a
patented process using a tannin
based penetrant for conditioning
deposits, followed by acidification
and dissolution by citric acid and
iron dispersants. Results included
increased flows through critical
exchangers, and restoration of
design service in the main
condenser.
Service Water Iron Deposit J. E. ANTOINE, G. O. SMITH, System Energy Resources, Inc., Port Gibson,
Removal at Grand Gulf Mississippi, E. W. EKIS, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois, W. M.
Nuclear KEMP, G. J. PETERSON, Nalco Chemical Company, Atlanta, Georgia
Removal of Copper from S. T. ARRINGTON, G. W. BRADLEY, Halliburton Services, Duncan, Oklahoma An oxidizing process based on
Utility Boilers Utilizing an gaseous oxygen has been
Environmentally developed and was utilized
Acceptable Oxidant successfully to remove copper
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from more than 15 utility boilers.
The process has three unique
characteristics of interest to
industry: (1) copper removal is
rapidly achieved with minimal
corrosion of base metal, (2)
possible exposure of personnel to
oxygen poses little health threat,
and (3) no residual oxidants
requiring remedial disposal
provisions are present in the
solvent. Development of this
process has spanned the last three
years with most effort directed
toward the oxidation of EDTA
based solvents. Only recently has
the use of this method been
expanded to include copper
removal ammoniacal solutions.
Data obtained actual cleaning
operations utilizing this method for
passivation and copper removal in
EDTA solutions indicate that rapid
copper dissolution is achieved with
minimal corrosion of boiler
metal._x000D_
At least three cleaning operations
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IWC-89-05 Report
Page 3592 of 5199 01/27/2018

involving copper removal with
ammoniacal solutions have been
conducted. Each proved copper
dissolution rates achieved with this
process were comparable to those
of ammoniacal bromate.
Removal of Copper from S. T. ARRINGTON, G. W. BRADLEY, Halliburton Services, Duncan, Oklahoma
Utility Boilers Utilizing an
Environmentally
Acceptable Oxidant
Removal of Copper from KENNETH F. LAYTON, Utah Power and Light Company, Salt Lake City, Utah
Utility Boilers Utilizing an
Environmentally
Acceptable Oxidant
Fifty Years of Cooling E. A. SAVINELLI, Savinelli Associates, Wilton, Connecticut, A. J. FREEDMAN, T. This paper surveys the
Water Treatment - A M. LARONGE, Thomas M. Laronge, Inc., Vancouver, Washington development of cooling water
Review and Commentary treatment technology from early
beginnings to today’s advanced
technology. Without claiming to be
either complete or authoritative,
the authors describe the major
changes that have occurred during
the past fifty years and recall some
interesting events from their
experiences. The response of the
cooling water industry to
environmental pressures and to
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IWC-89-06 Paper
IWC-89-07 Paper
Page 3595 of 5199 01/27/2018

needs for new technology has
been particularly impressive. This
ability to change when required,
while still maintaining good overall
performance, has been a hallmark
of the cooling water industry over
the years.
Cooling Water Technology JACK V. MATSON, University of Houston, Houston, Texas The technology of water treatment
of the 1990's is undergoing rapid change. ten
trends are identified that will
influence the evolution of programs
in the 1990s. Predictions of the
potential technologies are then
made based on historical
developments and the trends.
Cooling Water Technology JACK V. MATSON, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
of the 1990's
Cooling Water Technology M. A. WINTERS, Amoco Corporation, Naperville, Illinois

of the 1990's
Manganese/Aminophosph T. J. TVEDT, Jr., C. A. JONES, J. G. GRIERSON, The Dow Chemical Company, A cooling water treatment program
onic Acid Chemistry: a Freeport, Texas, L. JONES, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan has recently been developed
New Perspective on which is based on the discovery
Cooling Water Treatment that manganese, when complexed
with certain aminophosphonic
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IWC-89-08 Report
IWC-89-09 Paper
Page 3598 of 5199 01/27/2018

acids, effectively inhibits corrosion
and mineral deposition. Excellent
corrosion protection is provided to
both ferrous metals and copper
alloys. This program has greatly
expanded the range of operating
conditions; especially in situations
of low cooling water flow and high
process side temperatures.
Manganese/Aminophosph JOSEPH S. ROTI, Drew Industrial Division, Boonton, New Jersey
onic Acid Chemistry: a
New Perspective on
How to Inspect Industrial JAMES L. WILLA, Willa, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri
Cooling Towers
How to Inspect Industrial ALLEN E. FEITZIN, Airco Industrial Gases, Murray Hill, New Jersey
Cooling Towers
The Impact of Water ROBERT M. ROSAIN, CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Washington IWC-89-09 7_x000D_
Quality and Toxics-Based The 1987 Amendments to the
NPDES Permitting Clean Water Act (CWA)
established a major benchmark in
the evolution of environmental
regulatory processes impacting
surface water quality and pollution
control. Its significance lies in a
series of new statutory initiatives
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IWC-89-10 Paper
Page 3601 of 5199 01/27/2018

series of new statutory initiatives
that will have far- reaching impacts
on wastewater generators in all
categories._x000D_
provide a general overview of the
water-quality-based decision
making regulatory framework. This
paper focuses on the following:
Water quality standards to permits
process; Toxicity reduction
requirements; Technical and policy
issues; Strategies for compliance;
Case histories.
The Impact of Water WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
Quality and Toxics-Based
NPDES Permitting
Removal and Treatment of THOMAS F. KLUMPP, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan,
Dissolved and Floating SAMUEL S. TAWNEY, D. ERIC STRANG, EDI Engineering & Science, Grand
Organic Compounds in a Rapids, Michigan
Contaminated
Groundwater
Operation of SEMASS PRABHAT KUMAR SINHA, LAWRENCE J. GASPER, Bechtel Corporation, The paper presents the overall
Zero Discharge Water Gaithersburg, Maryland, GREGORY C. WILSON, Bechtel (SEMASS design of the SEMASS waste to
Management System Operations), Rochester, Massachusetts energy facility’s zero discharge
water management system. Data
on water quality, quantities of
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IWC-89-11 Paper
Page 3604 of 5199 01/27/2018

on water quality, quantities of
water required, and wastes
generated at the facility have been
listed. The paper also presents the
salt balance around key systems
and treatment technologies used
to meet the water quality specified
for reuse. Dewatering techniques
and solid waste management,
where applicable, have been
discussed.
Operation of SEMASS PRABHAT KUMAR SINHA, LAWRENCE J. GASPER, Bechtel Corporation,
Zero Discharge Water Gaithersburg, Maryland, GREGORY C. WILSON, Bechtel (SEMASS
Management System Operations), Rochester, Massachusetts
Operation of SEMASS MARK MANZIONE, Brown & Caldwell Consulting Engineers, Walnut Creek,
Zero Discharge Water
Management System
Boiler Chemical Cleaning THOMAS A. LOTT, WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Over time, even with careful boiler
Waste Treatment and Palo Alto, California, LARRY HOLCOMBE, Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas cycle water chemistry control,
Disposal Options deposits may form on the internal
surfaces of boiler tubes in fossil-
fired power plants. Depending on
boiler age and operating history,
tube metallurgy, and boiler cycle
chemistry control, utilities will
chemically clean the internal tube
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Page 3607 of 5199 01/27/2018

surfaces every 1 to 5 years to
remove deposits and restore heat
transfer efficiency. The resulting
boiler chemical cleaning waste,
BCCW, is different from other
power plant low volume wastes in
composition, frequency of
generation, and environmental
discharge regulations.
Consequently, proper BCCW
treatment and disposal involve
special considerations in the plant
water/wastewater management
scheme._x000D_
provide an overview of BCCW
management options based on
typical waste compositions and
current federal environmental
regulations, both the Water
Pollution Control Act as
implemented through NPDES
permits and the Resource
RCRA.
Boiler Chemical Cleaning THOMAS A. LOTT, WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute,
Waste Treatment and Palo Alto, California, LARRY HOLCOMBE, Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas
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IWC-89-12 Paper
IWC-89-13 Paper
Page 3610 of 5199 01/27/2018

Disposal Options
Boiler Chemical Cleaning STANLEY B. McCONNELL, Dowell Schlumberger Incorporated, Tulsa,

Waste Treatment and Oklahoma
Disposal Options
The Waste Water WILLIAM G. SANDERSON, RICHARD L. LANCASTER, Zurn/Nepco,

Concentrating Cooling Woodinville, Washington
Tower, a New Technique
for Waste Water Volume
Reduction
The Waste Water PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, Colorado
Concentrating Cooling
Tower, a New Technique
for Waste Water Volume
Reduction
Cycle Chemistry Related BARRY DOOLEY, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California Boiler tube failures, BTF, are the
Boiler Tube Failures and leading cause of unreliability in
Reduction fossil plants and those related to
the quality of boiler and feedwater
remain as a serious concern.
Formalized BTF reduction
programs based on EPRI
guidelines involving water
chemistry controllable parameters
have resulted in substantial
improvements in availability loss.
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IWC-89-14 Paper
Page 3613 of 5199 01/27/2018

The root causes of most of the 22
failure mechanisms are
understood and action levels
specified for the chemistry
parameters.
Cycle Chemistry Related DAVID N. FRENCH, David N. French, Inc., Metallurgists, Northborough,
Boiler Tube Failures and Massachusetts
Reduction
Status of Corrosion R. W. PATTERSON, JAN STODOLA, D. SIDEY, D. McNABB, Ontario Hydro, This EPRI project attacks the
Fatigue Failure Toronto, Ontario, Canada, A. BANWEG, L. PAUL, Babcock & Wilcox, Alliance, problem of corrosion fatigue in
Investigation in Drum Type Ohio subcritical drum boilers tubes by
Utility Boilers marrying operating data with
laboratory fatigue tests and the
theoretical stress analyses to
generate an envelope of conditions
of stress and water chemistry
which are likely to be detrimental.
Preliminary results are presented,
focusing mainly on the effects of
chemistry environment. The
susceptibility of carbon steel to
corrosion fatigue cracking is
increased by high stress,
particularly at startups, and
dissolved oxygen and carbon
dioxide, and possibly chloride and
sulfate contamination.
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IWC-89-15 Paper
IWC-89-16 Paper
Page 3616 of 5199 01/27/2018

sulfate contamination.
Status of Corrosion R. B. POND, Jr., Baltimore Gas & Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland
Fatigue Failure
Investigation in Drum Type
Utility Boilers
Field Operating KAJ D. RONDUM, EVERETT J. FULLER, DOUGLAS B. DEWITT-DICK, Drew This paper discusses the
Experiences with a Volatile Industrial Division, Ashland Chemical Company, Sub. Ashland Oil, Inc., Boonton, performance objectives and actual
Oxygen Scavenger/Metal New Jersey, ALAN M. BARGENDER, Wisconsin Public Service, Corporation, results, and a comparison is drawn
Passivator in a High Rothschild, Wisconsin between preliminary base line data
Pressure Utility Circuit obtained with the use of hydrazine
versus the use of methyl ethyl
ketoxime. Treatment result tested
parameters included dissolved
oxygen levels, total iron, total
copper, ammonia, cation
conductivity and chemical
treatment
Erosion Corrosion in NORBERT HENZEL, DENNIS EGAN, Bechtel-KWU Alliance, Gaithersburg, A predictive PC code to calculate
Power Plants - Single- Maryland erosion/corrosion wear rates in
and Two-Phase Flow single and two-phase flow, enables
Experience, Prediction, streamlining non-destructive
NDE Data Management examination, NDE, strategies and
and Remedial Measures quantifying parameters for system
and operational improvements. An
interfaced data management
program provides processing of
wall thickness reading files and
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IWC-89-17 Report
Page 3619 of 5199 01/27/2018

wall thickness reading files and
follow-up of component life history.
Application to power plants is in
progress.
Erosion Corrosion in NORBERT HENZEL, DENNIS EGAN, Bechtel-KWU Alliance, Gaithersburg,
Power Plants-Single-And Maryland
Two-Phase Flow
Experience, Prediction,
NDE Data Management
and Remedial Measures
Erosion Corrosion in FRANK J. WITT, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC
Power Plants - Single-
and Two-Phase Flow
Experience, Prediction,
NDE Data Management
and Remedial Measures
Industrial Water Quality JAMES K. RICE, Consulting Engineer, Olney, Maryland This paper will explore briefly the
Measurement: a development over the last 60 years
Retrospective/Prospective of methods for sampling and
View analysis of industrial water. It will
focus on water associated with
thermal power generation as
distinct from water for potable or
aquatic life uses. This exploration
will attempt to illustrate the
interplay between perceived
needs, new methods of sampling
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IWC-89-18 Paper
IWC-89-19 Paper
Page 3622 of 5199 01/27/2018

and analysis in response to those
needs, and the resultant
generation of new engineering
requirements. The illustrations will
serve as background for forecasts
of methods of measurement yet to
be adopted. This review contains
an extensive bibliography.
The Direct Measurement JEFFREY SCOT HOVIS, Orion Research Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts This paper describes the use of a
of Ammonia Alkalinity in process instrument for the
"All Volatile" Treated continuous direct measurement of
Power Plant Systems ammonia in the steam water
circuit. The measurement is based
on a new ion selective electrode
that is specific for ammonium ions.
Details of the characteristics of the
electrode the design of the
instrument, and the results of
extensive field trials are presented.
The Direct Measurement W. E. ALLMON, C. C. STAUFFER, The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance,
of Ammonia Alkalinity in Ohio
"All Volatile" Treated
Power Plant Systems
Monitoring and Control of WILLIAM L. TRACE, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, KEITH H. The use of non-hydrazine reducing
a Non-Hydrazine KEHRER, Delmarva Power, Millsboro, Delaware agents is increasing in utility
Reducing Agent systems. This has created the
need for monitoring and controlling
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IWC-89-20 Paper
Page 3625 of 5199 01/27/2018

such materials. Two commercially
available hydrazine analyzers were
used to monitor catalyzed
hydroquinone residuals. On-line
results will be compared to
spectrophotometer and liquid
chromatography laboratory results.
Monitoring and Control of ROBERT MUEHLENKAMP, PAUL SCHUMACHER, Wisconsin Electric Power
a Non-Hydrazine Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Reducing Agent
Separation and Detection DANIEL L. CAMPBELL, ROBERT JOYCE, JOHN STILLIAN, STEVE CARSON, This paper discusses many new
of Trace Level Cations and Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, California applications of Cation Exchange
Organic Amines in Power Ion Chromatography to the
Plant Waters Using Ion analyses of power plant and
Chromatography semiconductor water chemistries.
With the continued development of
Ion Chromatography during the
past few years, the full capabilities
and potential of modern ion
chromatographs are only now
being exploited. With these
improvements in the ability to
analyze high purity water, it is
expected that more power plants
and semiconductor manufacturing
facilities will employ ion
chromatography for solving their
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Page 3628 of 5199 01/27/2018

chromatography for solving their
water chemistry problems than
ever before._x000D_
High Performance Ion
Chromatography, HPIC,
techniques have long been
employed in power plant
laboratories for recognition,
qualitative identification, and
quantitative analysis of ionic
impurities and various additives,
both inorganic and organic. In this
paper, the most recent cation
developments and applications to
analysis of ultrapure water
samples and steam generator
water samples will be presented,
including trace cations in deionized
water and power plant waters
containing ammonia, morpholine
and new amines as additives, and
also lithiated boric acid from
nuclear primary systems.
Separation and Detection DANIEL L. CAMPBELL, ROBERT JOYCE, JOHN STILLIAN, STEVE CARSON,
of Trace Level Cations and Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, California
Organic Amines in Power
Plant Waters Using Ion
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IWC-89-21 Paper
IWC-89-22 Paper
Page 3631 of 5199 01/27/2018

Chromatography
Separation and Detection FRANCES M. CUTLER, Southern California Edison Company, Paramount,
of Trace Level Cations and California
Organic Amines in Power
Plant Waters Using Ion
Chromatography
Removal and Treatment of THOMAS F. KLUMPP, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, Hydrocarbon contamination in
Dissolved and Floating SAMUEL S. TAWNEY, D. ERIC STRANG, EDI Engineering & Science, Grand ground water was discovered at
Organic Compounds in a Rapids, Michigan 30+ year old natural gas
Contaminated compressor station. This paper
Groundwater reviews both the hydrogeological
study (1983) and a remediation
process operating since 1987.
Floating product was removed
from the free producct recovry
wells by pretreatment in an
oil/water separator in the
pneumatic pumping system. The
water phase discharges to the
purge wells. The remrdiation
process uses both air stripping and
catalytic oxidation to reduce
effluent concentrations to less than
l microg/l.
Computer Simulation of JING-YEA YANG, SHI-TAO YEH, Roy F. Weston, Inc., West Chester, A long-term environmental fate
Groundwater Pennsylvania model was developed in simulating
Contamination Caused by petroleum hydrocarbons
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IWC-89-23 Paper
Page 3634 of 5199 01/27/2018

Contamination Caused by petroleum hydrocarbons
Petroleum Hydrocarbons movement in the soil system within
Spillage and below the plant root zone. The
computer model was applied at a
contaminated soil site in
Pennsylvania to simulate physical
and chemical leaching
mechanisms affecting the fate of
four petroleum hydrocarbon
constituents: benzene, toluene,
xylene, and ethylbenzene.
Computer Simulation of GIANNI O. CHIERUZZI, The Chester Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Groundwater
Contamination Caused by
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Spillage
Case History of a Reverse A. ARSENEAUX, L. STONER, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., New Orleans, Air Products and Chemicals inc
Osmosis System on High Louisiana, S. WHIPPLE, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan installed a Reverse Osmosis, RO,
Organic Content Well unit and water well in its New
Water Orleans plant to reduce operating
costs. Municipal water purchases
were reduced by 400 gpm, and
acid and caustic used to
regenerate demineralizers by 75
percent._x000D_
This paper presents our
experience in chronological order
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IWC-89-24 Paper
Page 3637 of 5199 01/27/2018

over the last two years, starting
from the first study of RO and
ending with one year of successful
operation of an RO unit. The RO
unit is supplied from a 600 foot
deep well having high organics
and high silica. After completion of
an RO pilot unit test, thin-film
composite membranes were
selected and have operated
successfully for one year without
the need to chemically clean the
unit.
Case History of a Reverse PETER CARTWRIGHT, Cartwright Consulting, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Osmosis System on High
Organic Content Well
Water
Removal of Organics by ABU NURMOHAMED, Partec Lavalin, Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, ROGER This work was carried out as part
Reverse Osmosis COWLES, Syncrude Canada Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, MICHAEL E. of a study to increase the capacity
ROGERS, Syncrude Canada Ltd., Ft. McMurray, Alberta, Canada of the Syncrude Canada Ltd. oil
sands plant at Fort McMurray in
north east Alberta. The expansion
plans called for an increased
production of boiler feed water
make—up to provide additional
steam. An evaluation of the
various options for increasing the
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capacity of the water treatment
plant concluded that the preferred
process involved the use of
reverse osmosis, RO. in front of
the existing ion exchange system.
This would reduce the ionic load
on the demineralizers and the
increased run lengths would
provide the required additional
production capacity. The operating
costs for this scheme were
attractive because the number of
regenerations required was greatly
reduced._x000D_
It was recognized that improved
organic removal would benefit the
operation and so this was one of
the main factors used in selecting
the process for increasing the
capacity of the water treatment
plant. This paper reviews potential
processes for improved organic
removal and describes the field
test program performed to
evaluate the use of RO as a
pretreatment for ion exchange.
The results of the pilot study were
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Page 3642 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-89-25 Report
Page 3643 of 5199 01/27/2018

used as the basis of the final
design for the water treatment
facilities.
Removal of Organics by ABU NURMOHAMED, Partec Lavalin, Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, ROGER
Reverse Osmosis COWLES, Syncrude Canada Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, MICHAEL E.
ROGERS, Syncrude Canada Ltd., Ft. McMurray, Alberta, Canada
Removal of Organics by MICHAEL J. O'BRIEN, The Graver Company, Union, New Jersey
Reverse Osmosis
Ion Exchange, Past, Dr. ROBERT KUNIN, Consultant, Yardley, Pennsylvania This paper is a review of the past
Present and Future fifty years of ion exchange as
applied to the treatment of water.
Most of the advances made during
the past 50 years has resulted
from the advances made in the
synthesis of ion exchange resins.
Engineering has not kept pace with
the advances in the synthesis of
ion exchange resins and has not
exploited the full capabilities of the
newer ion exchange resins. Many
problems that exist in the industry
may be traced to the “low cost
syndrome” resulting from the
inadequate setting of specifications
and the inadequate attention being
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IWC-89-26 Paper
Page 3646 of 5199 01/27/2018

given to “worst case” conditions.
Are all Type I Strong Base SALLIE FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania This story will be limited to the
Anion Resins Chemically anion components of the polishers
Equal in their Ability to since candidates are used that
Polish Condensate? differ more significantly from each
other than cation resins do and
because, in our experience, the
performance of condensate
systems is more likely to be limited
by the performance of the anion
resin than by that of the cation
resin. That is not to say, however,
that the cation resin is not in some
cases the primary cause of poor
anion performance, but
fundamental differences between
anion resins can accentuate the
problem._x000D_
The understanding of anion
performance that early workers in
the field developed stemmed to a
large extent from the search for the
best quaternary resin formulation
for the recovery of uranium in the
early 1950’s. This was used
directly in the selection of materials
for producing the first high purity
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IWC-89-27 Paper
Page 3649 of 5199 01/27/2018

water for power generation.The
very early data on anion resins
gives the basis for predicting resin
performance. This is then
integrated with data from present
anion resins used in condensate
polishing systems.
Are all Type I Strong Base SALLIE FISHER, GERARD OTTEN, Puricons, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania
Anion Resins Chemically
Equal in their Ability to
Polish Condensate?
Are all Type I Strong Base STEPHEN C. FOOR, Illinois Water Treatment Company, Rockford, Illinois
Anion Resins Chemically
Equal in their Ability to
Polish Condensate?
Is Total Capacity F. X. McGARVEY, M. E. CHILDS, R. GONZALEZ, Sybron Chemicals, Inc., The selection of an ion exchange
Measurement an Indicator Birmingham, New Jersey resin to meet certain specification
of Column Performance of values still requires a column
Anion Exchange Resins? evaluation if critical process values
are required. However, column
methods are quite time consuming,
requiring probably a week to
measure a point on a regeneration
curve. For this reason the less
precise total and salt splitting
capacity values are used. Studies
with actual influent waters can take
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IWC-89-28 Paper
Page 3652 of 5199 01/27/2018

several weeks and are expensive
to perform but are still the best way
to develop information for the
design of a large plant where
significant operational economic
questions must be answered.
While this paper deals with the
relation ship between total capacity
of strong base anion exchange
resins and their unit performance,
a background discussion of ion
exchange synthesis is useful to
understand the difficulties in
applying a total capacity test to
actual column performance. This
discussion deals with cation
exchange resins as well as anion
exchange resins.
Is Total Capacity F. X. McGARVEY, M. E. CHILDS, R. GONZALEZ, Sybron Chemicals, Inc.,
Measurement an Indicator Birmingham, New Jersey
of Column Performance of
Anion Exchange Resins?
Is Total Capacity JAMES T. McNULTY, Rohm and Haas Company, Spring House, Pennsylvania
Measurement an Indicator
of Column Performance of
Anion Exchange Resins?
An Economic Optimization DAVID F. McLAUGHLIN, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Economic operation of a
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IWC-89-29 Paper
Page 3655 of 5199 01/27/2018

Model for Operation of a Pennsylvania continuous pulsed loop
Pulsed-Resin-Bed Ion recirculating ion exchange system
Exchange Loop for recovery of uranium from ore
pile leachants is controlled largely
by resin cost. Optimization
requires the best schedule for bed
replacement, and correct choice of
new or recycled resin for makeup;
these are difficult decisions due to
complex interactions between
extraction efficiency, resin aging
and attrition, and makeup dilution.
A model is presented which
optimizes these strategies, using
plate resin performance data.
An Economic Optimization DAVID F. MCLAUGHLIN, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh,
Model for Operation of a Pennsylvania
Pulsed-Resin-Bed Ion
Exchange Loop
An Economic Optimization MICHAEL C. GOTTLIEB, ResinTech, Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Model for Operation of a
Pulsed-Resin-Bed Ion
Exchange Loop
Development and GARY M. REGGIANI, Betz Industrial, The Water Management Division, Betz Improper treatment of condensate
Application of an Empirical Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, Pennsylvania, RICHARD PRENTICE, KEN JONES, has cost the general industry
Diagnostic Tool to Betz Industrial, Houston, Texas, GLEN RIDER, Amoco, Texas City, Texas millions of dollars. Traditional
Optimize Condensate methods of treatment optimization
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IWC-89-30 Paper
Page 3658 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment via Amine do not guarantee that the most
Tracking effective program is applied. This
paper presents a new and unique
methodology for optimizing a
condensate program. The
methodology overcomes many of
the shortcomings found in other
condensate treatment optimization
methods. The methodology is
reviewed and was applied to a
complex refinery system with an
amine treatment program.
Development and GARY M. REGGIANI, Betz Industrial, The Water Management Division, Betz
Application of an Empirical Laboratories, Inc., Trevose, Pennsylvania, RICHARD PRENTICE, KEN JONES,
Diagnostic Tool to Betz Industrial, Houston, Texas, GLEN RIDER, Amoco, Texas City, Texas
Optimize Condensate
Treatment via Amine
Tracking
Development and T. J. TVEDT, Jr., The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas
Application of an Empirical
Diagnostic Tool to
Optimize Condensate
Treatment via Amine
Tracking
On-Site Condensate D. G. GINGRICH, Alchem, Inc., Burlington, Ontario, Canada, D. M. BLOOM, Although the average steam plant
Monitoring - A Tool for Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois spends one-third of its steam-
Determining the related treatment dollars on
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IWC-89-36 Paper
Page 3661 of 5199 01/27/2018

Effectiveness of condensate, it is often the most
Condensate Treatment neglected part of the system.
Programs Simulation units have been
developed for on-site monitoring.
These units use plant steam to
generate a pH profile of the
condensate system. The optimum
treatment program can be selected
to minimize cost and maximum
system protection. Four case
histories will be given.
On-Site Condensate D. G. GINGRICH, Alchem, Inc., Burlington, Ontario, Canada, D. M. BLOOM,
Monitoring - A Tool for Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois
Determining the
Effectiveness of
Programs
On-Site Condensate DOUGLAS B. DEWITT-DICK, Drew Industrial Division, Boonton, New Jersey
Monitoring - A Tool for
Determining the
Effectiveness of
Programs
Water Technology RICHARD M. AHLGREN, Ahlgren Associates, Waukesha, Wisconsin Cool storage is a rapidly
Experiences in Thermal expanding energy management
Storage Systems technique with chilled water, ice,
brines, or eutectic salts as the
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IWC-89-31 Paper
Page 3664 of 5199 01/27/2018

storage medium and water as the
cooling transfer fluid. Experiences
and observation from several of
the hundreds of operating systems
indicate that although standard
waterside treatment products can
be used, some special techniques
and operating considerations must
be addressed. Examples are given
on applications in retail and office
building systems.
Monitoring Condensate CARL C. SCHEERER, Central Illinois Public Service Company, Springfield, This paper describes a complete
Polisher Operation Using Illinois, JOHN CLUZEL, Rosemount Analytical, Inc., Cedar Grove, New Jersey, on-line cation conductivity,
Conductivity (Specific, RUSSELL W. LANE, Water Treatment Consultant, Champaign, Illinois degassed cation conductivity and
Cation and Degassed sodium measuring system
Cation) and Sodium including cells,and improved
Analysis monitors, with electronic
adjustment for cell fouling, sample
solenoid valve switching and a
recorder. This system is used for
accurate determination of
condensate polisher leakage,
performance and exhaustion and
also for determination of
condenser leakage. Improved
accuracy is attained by substituting
of baffles for glass beads and by
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IWC-89-32 Report
Page 3667 of 5199 01/27/2018

optimum cartridge sizing and flow
in the reboiler used for degassing
the sample. A plant case study will
be presented.
Monitoring Condensate CARL C. SCHEERER, Central Illinois Public Service Company, Springfield,
Polisher Operation Using Illinois, JOHN CLUZEL, Rosemount Analytical, Inc., Cedar Grove, New Jersey,
Conductivity (Specific, RUSSELL W. LANE, Water Treatment Consultant, Champaign, Illinois
Cation and Degassed
Cation) and Sodium
Analysis
Monitoring Condensate WILLIAM E. ALLMON, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance, Ohio
Polisher Operation Using
Conductivity (Specific,
Cation and Degassed
Cation) and Sodium
Analysis
Understanding Streaming JAMES B. CARLING, Milton Roy Company, Ivyland, Pennsylvania The objective of this paper is to
Current: Practical approach the application of
Coagulant Control Streaming Current , SCD, in a
practical light and focus on
concepts which are useful in the
day-to-day operation of a
coagulant control system which
uses a Streaming Current
Detectoras its main component.
The SCD is a charge analyzer
which measures the charge
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IWC-89-33 Paper
Page 3670 of 5199 01/27/2018

condition of a continuous sample
taken after the addition of charge
altering chemicals such as alum,
polymers, ferric chloride, or other
coagulants. This measurement
produces a reading, referred to as
Streaming Current Condition,
permitting a set point to be
established which will relate to the
optimum charge condition for each
application. In the example of
water treatment, as turbidity
increases and more negative
particles are present, the SCD will
indicate the change and send a
signal to a process controller. In
turn, the process controller will
send a signal to the dosing pump
which will increase the coagulant
flow until the optimum charge
condition is restored for feed to a
filter or clarifier.
Understanding Streaming Dr. E. R. BAUMANN, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
Current: Practical
Coagulant Control
Mechanisms of Action of RICHARD W. LUTEY, VANJA M. KING, MARYANN CLEGHORN, Buckman It is well known that microbiocides
Dimethylamides as a Laboratories, Memphis, Tennessee don’t readily penetrate into sessile
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Page 3673 of 5199 01/27/2018

Dimethylamides as a Laboratories, Memphis, Tennessee don’t readily penetrate into sessile
Penetrant/Dispersant in biomass deposits. Recent interest
Cooling Water Systems has been focused on molecules
that can disperse or penetrate
such deposits. This has
concentrated on dispersants of
surfactant type. Some of the
surfactant compounds have
inherent biocidal effects, while
others do not. Results indicate that
use of a biodispersant can lower
the concentration of biocide
required to control certain
microbiological problems.
However, some detergent-
surfactant type of dispersants may
cause foaming problems. Some
detergents provide a source of
phosphate to the water, thus
increasing microbial growth and
increasing the potential for calcium
phosphate deposition. Only
recently has there been interest in
non-surfactant dispersants to
control deposits of microorganisms
on surfaces in cooling
water._x000D_
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IWC-89-34 Paper
Page 3676 of 5199 01/27/2018

The addition of N,N-
dimethylamides of 18 carbon
unsaturated carboxylic acids to
cooling systems has proved
effective in controlling organic/in
organic deposits. This compound,
subsequently referred to as
DMATO, is nonionic, essentially
non-water soluble, water
dispersible, and dominantly
hydrophobic with a hydrophilic
dimethylamide group polarly
located on the straight chain fatty
acid group. DMATO is relatively
chemically inactive and highly
resistant to acid and alkali
hydrolysis and can disperse
biofilms and penetrate corrosion
deposits to form a protective
surface coating.
Mechanisms of Action of WILLIAM F. McCOY, Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette,
Dimethylamides as a Indiana
Penetrant/Dispersant in
Search for a Better PATRICIA ZUNIGA, Amoco Chemical Company, Alvin, Texas, KENNETH Cool storage is a rapidly
Cooling Water Monitor MILLER, Amoco Oil Company, Texas City, Texas, MIKE WINTERS, Amoco expanding energy management
Research Center, Naperville, Illinois technique with chilled water, ice,
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IWC-89-35 Paper
Page 3679 of 5199 01/27/2018

brines, or eutectic salts as the
storage medium and water as the
cooling transfer fluid. Experiences
and observation from several of
the hundreds of operating systems
indicate that although standard
waterside treatment products can
be used, some special techniques
and operating considerations must
be addressed. Examples are given
on applications in retail and office
building systems.
Search for a Better THOMAS C. BRESKE, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Newark, Delaware
Cooling Water Monitor
Field Demonstration of a BRUCE W. VIGON, NORMAN G. REICHENBACH, Battelle Columbus Division, Operating inefficiencies due to
Moving Manifold Targeted Columbus, Ohio, ROBERT D. MOSS, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, biofouling in condenser tubes can
Chlorination System at Tennessee, WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, exact severe economic penalties.
John Sevier Fossil Plant California Field testing of a novel chlorination
concept based on movable
manifolds at a fossil power plant
demonstrated that the targeted
chlorination system, when
compared to conventional
chlorination, achieved significantly
better thermal performance, used
much less chlorine, had
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IWC-89-37 Paper
Page 3682 of 5199 01/27/2018

much less chlorine, had
undetectable chlorine in the
discharged water, and was
economically favorable relative to
dechlorination.
Parts Per Trillion Without DAVID C. AUERSWALD, FRANCES M. CUTLER, SHAWN S. SIMMONS, In September of 1987, the Electric
Mixed Beds Southern California Edison Company, Paramount, California Power Research Institute
contracted with Southern California
Edison, SCE, to evaluate the
performance of a particular three
separate bed polishing
configuration. The projects primary
goal was to determine if separate
bed condensate polishing could
consistently meet effluent limits of
50 parts per trillion (ppt) sodium,
chloride, and sulfate. A number of
other key areas were also
investigated including: Impact of
separate bed polishing on anion
and cation exchange kinetics
under simulated leak conditions
with different polisher flow rates,
different size leaks, different types
of cation resins, and during both
hydrogen and ammonium-form
operation; Effect of temperature
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Page 3685 of 5199 01/27/2018

and different regenerants on the
level of resin extractables and ionic
leakage; Extent and impact of
cross contamination resulting from
migration of resin fines across the
wedgewire screens; Comparison
of weak and strong acid cation
resins with respect to ionic
leakage, resin extractables,
pressure drop, rinse down
characteristics; Use of a cation
regenerant other than sulfuric acid;
Operation as a two bed separate
system; The performance, of
various instruments used for on-
line monitoring; The effects of flow
rate, “stand” time, prerinsing of the
anion resin with ammonia, and
contamination of the cation resin
with measured quantities of anion
resin on sulfate rinse out following
regeneration.
Parts Per Trillion Without DAVID C. AUERSWALD, FRANCES M. CUTLER, SHAWN S. SIMMONS,
Mixed Beds Southern California Edison Company, Paramount, California
Parts Per Trillion Without Dr. ROBERT KUNIN, Consultant, Yardley, Pennsylvania
Mixed Beds
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IWC-89-38 Paper
Page 3688 of 5199 01/27/2018

Mixed Beds
Comparative Evaluation of ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim AG, Mannheim, West Germany, The authors’ intention is to
Condensate Polisher FRANCOIS DE DARDEL, Rohm and Haas France S.A., Paris, France describe the German philosophy
Design and Performance concerning basic design of
condensate polishing systems of
fossil plants and to attempt a
derivation of an interrelation
between the differences in
condensate polisher performance
and operating mode, plant cycle
chemistry, and overall plant
availability. Though the authors
themselves compiled many data
concerning the German practice,
they make also use of competent
publications. An Important basis
for comparison with respect to the
U.S. practice was, among other
sources, the results of the EPRI
Research Project S163-1
especially the results of surveys
returned from fossil plants. The
state of the art of condensate
polishing in Germany was largely
taken over from the VGB Data
Sheet ‘Purpose, Methods, and
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IWC-89-39 Paper
Page 3691 of 5199 01/27/2018

Sheet ‘Purpose, Methods, and
Procedures of Condensate
Polishing”.
Comparative Evaluation of ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim AG, Mannheim, West Germany,
Condensate Polisher FRANCOIS DE DARDEL, Rohm and Haas France S.A., Paris, France
Design and Performance
Comparative Evaluation of F. X. McGARVEY, Sybron Chemicals, Inc., Birmingham, New Jersey

Condensate Polisher
Design and Performance
Regeneration of M. A. SADLER, H. R. BOLTON, NEI Thompson Ltd., Kennicott, Wolverhampton, The conesep resin separation
Condensate Polishing England system was described in a paper
Mixed Bed Resins: A to the IWC in 1979. The past
Review of 10 Years decade has seen its wide adoption
Experience with the and the development of other
Conesep improved resin separation systems
Separation/Regeneration in condensate polishing with
System external regeneration. This review
examines the performance
achieved, and considers whether
the attention paid to resin
separation has been rewarded.
The performance of improved resin
separation systems at seven
power plants is summarized and
its application to amine treated
condensate is discussed.
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IWC-89-39D Report
IWC-89-40 Paper
Page 3694 of 5199 01/27/2018

Regeneration of M. A. SADLER, H. R. BOLTON, NEI Thompson Ltd., Kennicott, Wolverhampton,
Condensate Polishing England
Mixed Bed Resins: A
Review of 10 Years
Experience with the
Conesep
Separation/Regeneration
System
Regeneration of CARL C. SCHEERER Central Illinois Public Service Co., Springfield, Illinois
Mixed Bed Resins: A
Review of 10 Years
Experience with the
Conesep
Separation/Regeneration
System
Operating Experience at a WILLIAM JOCHER, KIM REYNOLDS, MILTON REJCEK, Houston Light & The South Texas Project has two
Nuclear Power Plant using Power, Wadsworth, Texas, MICHAEL J. O'BRIEN, Graver Water, Union, New pressurized water reactor, PWR,
Deep Bed Cation Filters Jersey steam generators with all-volatile
and Mixed Bed Polishers treatment, AVT, chemistry. The
condensate polishing system
contains new technology using a
combination of cation pre-filters,
bottom resin transfer using
conductivity control and flotation
separation. Three months after the
startup, the steam generator
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IWC-89-48 Paper
IWC-89-41 Paper
Page 3697 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemistry values were on the order
of 0.15 microS/cm.
Operating Experience at a BILLY FELLERS, Texas Utilities Electric, Glen Rose, Texas
Nuclear Power Plant using
Deep Bed Cation Filters
and Mixed Bed Polishers
Hideout in PWR Steam S. G. SAWOCHKA, NWT Corporation, San Jose, California Results on the extent of chemical
Generators during Normal hideout in local regions of PWR
Operation steam generators are presented.
Use of a high temperature solution
chemistry computer code, EPRI
MULTEQ, to correlate bulk water
chemistry with local corrosion also
is discussed. Emphasis is placed
on the effect of an apparent
difference in the hideout
mechanism for sulfate compared
to other normally highly soluble
species.
Computerized Chemistry LEROY D. HUGHES, Toledo Edison Company, Oak Harbor, Ohio, BRADLEY D. In 1987, Toledo Edison Company,
Data Acquisition and BARLOCKER, Babcock & Wilcox, Lynchburg, Virginia TED, commenced a project to
Management (CCDAMS) upgrade the water chemistry
monitoring system of the Davis
Besse Nuclear 1 Plant to allow for
more accurate reporting, trending
and analysis of plant water
systems. This upgrade program
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Page 3700 of 5199 01/27/2018

included replacement of much of
the sample conditioning
equipment, installation of all new
on-line detectors, fabrication and
installation of a water treatment
sampling panel, as well as other
supporting modifications._x000D_
A PC network was recommended
to perform data acquisition,
alarming functions, reporting,
trending and data storage and is
implemented into the overall
project. The use of a computer
system to monitor the large
amounts of data and present that
data to the plant chemist in
meaningful displays is expected to
allow more timely and better
informed decisions about plant
chemistry. Ultimately, this will
greatly assist in TED efforts to
minimize plant component
degradation and failure due to
chemically induced mechanisms,
especially within the Once Through
Steam Generators.
Computerized Chemistry JIM GASSEN, Nalco Chemical Company, Chicago, Illinois
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IWC-89-42 Paper
IWC-89-45 Report
Page 3703 of 5199 01/27/2018

Data Acquisition and
Management (CCDAMS)
A Totally Integrated R. E. ALLEN, Louisiana Power & Light Company, Killona, Louisiana, R. D. Louisiana Power and Light
Chemistry Data McCULLOUGH, Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas Company’s Waterford-3 Nuclear
Management System Power Generating Station
maintains an extremely demanding
program of sampling and analysis
to maintain strict nuclear operating
chemistry controls. An integrated
data base system was installed
which runs on a computer net work
to schedule and track sampling,
analysis, instrument maintenance
and calibration; accept test results;
calculate correlation chemistry;
evaluate QC results; and trend
chart results - an almost paperless
operation.
A Totally Integrated DALE SOPOCY, Sargent & Lundy, Chicago, Illinois
Chemistry Data
Management System
A Review of the History of F. J. POCOCK, Consultant, Casselberry, Florida, N. J. MRAVICH, Babcock & This paper reviews utility power
IWC Utility Power Cycle Wilcox Company, Alliance, Ohio, A. BANWEG, Babcock & Wilcox Company, cycle water chemistry during the
Chemistry Barberton, Ohio last several decades with
emphasis on the contribution of the
International Water Conference of
the Engineer’s Society of Western
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IWC-89-46 Paper
Page 3706 of 5199 01/27/2018

the Engineer’s Society of Western
Pennsylvania. An attempt will be
made to touch on the important
milestones of utility power cycle
water chemistry research, discuss
the goals of water chemistry
research, the contribution of
technical societies such as the
ASME Research and Technology
Committee on Water and Steam in
Thermal Power Systems and the
International Association for the
Properties of Steam. Forums such
as the International Water
Conference are important as a
meeting places to exchange ideas
and technology transfer. Some
discussion of projected future
technology developments and
needs as conceived by the authors
will be included.
Low Phosphate-Low DONALD D. GOLDSTROHM, THOMAS W. ROBERTSON, Salt River Project, St. Although congruent phosphate-pH
Sodium Hydroxide Johns, Arizona boiler drum treatment was
Treatment in 2600 psig acceptable for a number of years
Boilers at Salt River at the Coronado Station, a
Projects Coronado Station necessary burner modi fication
resulted in extensive phosphate
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IWC-89-47 Paper
Page 3709 of 5199 01/27/2018

hideout and out-of-limits boiler
chemistry. Selecting an alternate
chemistry was complicated by the
presence of a number of potential
sources of contamination and the
absence of condensate polishers.
After some experimentation, low
phosphate-low sodium hydroxide
chemistry was adopted and has
proven successful for over 2 years.
Low Phosphate-Low DONALD D. GOLDSTROHM, THOMAS W. ROBERTSON, Salt River Project, St.
Sodium Hydroxide Johns, Arizona
Treatment in 2600 psig
Boilers at Salt River
Projects Coronado Station
Low Phosphate-Low DOUGLAS E. NOLL, Consulting Engineer, Gibsonia, Pennsylvania
Sodium Hydroxide
Treatment in 2600 psig
Boilers at Salt River
Projects Coronado Station
On-Line Water Chemistry FABIO SIGON, ENEL-DSR-CRTN, Milano, Italy, GIOVANNI QUADRI, ENEL ENEL data from on-line monitoring
Monitoring at Two Fossil DCO/ULP, Piacenza, Italy, GIOVANNI SCALARI, ENEL DPT/SAS,Pisa, Italy at two fossil plants (320 MWe-UP,
Fired ENEL Power Plants, AVT chemistry) are presented and
Operated According to critically discussed with reference
EPRI Water Chemistry to EPRI guidelines (AP 2712-1
Guidelines project) for different plant operating
conditions; normal operation, load
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IWC-89-49 Report
Page 3712 of 5199 01/27/2018

variations, shut-down and start-up
conditions. Induced plant
malfunctioning (condenser
inleakage, resin and cellulose
boiler intrusion) are also reported.
On-Line Water Chemistry FABIO SIGON, ENEL-DSR-CRTN, Milano, Italy, GIOVANNI QUADRI, ENEL
Monitoring at Two Fossil DCO/ULP, Piacenza, Italy, GIOVANNI SCALARI, ENEL DPT/SAS,Pisa, Italy
Fired ENEL Power Plants,
Operated According to
EPRI Water Chemistry
Guidelines
On-Line Water Chemistry C. C. STAUFFER, Babcock & Wilcox Company, Alliance, Ohio
Monitoring at Two Fossil
Fired ENEL Power Plants,
Operated According to
EPRI Water Chemistry
Guidelines
Hideout in PWR Steam S. G. SAWOCHKA, NWT Corporation, San Jose, California
Generators during Normal
Operation
A New Resin Separation AL STENGEL, Virginia Power Company, Surry, Virginia, JEROME EARLS, In the spring of 1988, a
System for Improved Radiological & Chemical Technology Inc., San Jose, California, STEPHEN C. performance evaluation was
Condensate Polisher FOOR, Illinois Water Treatment Company, Rockford, Illinois completed for the condensate
Performance at Virginia polishing, CP, systems at Surry. It
Power Company's Surry was concluded that poor resin
Nuclear Power Station separation, followed by inefficient
regeneration contribute to less
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regeneration contribute to less
than optimum secondary
chemistry. A modified operating
procedure was implemented to
reduce sodium throw. In this
procedure the anion resins
contaminated with cation beads
from incomplete separation were
not regenerated on a regular
schedule. This procedure was
possible because of the high
integrity of the condensers and
resulted in a 50% reduction of
sodium to less than 4
ppb._x000D_
Although this reduction
represented a substantial
improvement, it did not fully
resolve the problems associated
with the cation/anion imbalance in
the secondary water. Improved
resin separation was determined to
be critical. A pilot evaluation of a
new resin separation process
developed by Radiological and
Chemical Technology was
performed. This involved resin
Page 3716 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 3717 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-89-50 Report
IWC-89-51 Report
Page 3718 of 5199 01/27/2018

cleaning, adjustment of the mixed
bed resin ratios and inventories
and re-screening the resins to
remove oversized beads and resin
fines which allowed resin cross-
contamination to be reduced to
less than 1%. Modifications to the
polisher resin regeneration system
including a fluidized bed resin
separation tank was successfully
installed.
Performance Projections MICHAEL C. GOTTLIEB, ResinTech, Inc., Cherry Hill, New Jersey This paper discusses a new
for Anion Resins in Two method of predicting operating
Bed Demineralizers capacities and silica leakages of
anion resins in two-bed
demineralizers. The primary focus
of this paper is on predicting the
performance of Type 2 gel anion
resins. This required a model of
the changes in salt splitting
capacity and weak base capacity
with temperature to determine
silica leakage over service time.
presented.
Mechanism of Crud ICHIRO INAMI, HIROYUKI NAGAO, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan, Crud removal efficiency of deep
Removal by Deep Bed MASAHIRO NAKAMURA, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama, Japan, HIDEO bed resins increases with the
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IWC-89-52 Report
Page 3721 of 5199 01/27/2018

Resins KAWAZU, Ebara Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, SUSUMU YOSHIKAWA, Tokyo operation time in BWRs. We have
Electric Power Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan studied this aging effect from the
viewpoint of the interaction
between crud and ion exchange
resins, and have found out the
resin characteristics such as water
retention and surface area with
which a high efficiency for crud
removal could be obtained.
Crud Removal TAKESHI IZUMI, Ebara Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan, HIDEO KAWAZU, The technologies to eliminate crud,
Characteristics of Newly Ebara Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, YUKIO HEMMI, NAIG Nuclear Research Lab., iron oxide particulate corrosion
Developed Ion Exchange Kanagawa, Japan, MASAHIRO NAKAMURA, YOSHITAKE MORIKAWA, products, in BWR’s primary
Resins Toshiba Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan, SUSUMU YOSHIKAWA, Tokyo Electric coolant by ion exchangers were
Power Company, Tokyo, Japan investigated to reduce
occupational radiation exposure
dose. Crud removal by ion ex
changers was studied by hot
column tests and confirmed the
BWR cation resin aging effect. The
new type cation resins with lower
crosslinking and with increased
water retention and modified
surface properties were developed
for crud removal which indicated
excellent characteristics compared
with various kinds of conventional
resins.
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IWC-89-55 Paper
IWC-89-56 Paper
Page 3724 of 5199 01/27/2018

Computer Control of LARRY ASHCRAFT, PETE WEAVER, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, A new computer control system
Reverse Osmosis New York, FRED WALE, Rust International Corp., Portland, Oregon, TOM has been installed on an existing
LAHUE, Ebara Corp., Glendale, California, SUSAN MASHIMA, SHIN reverse osmosis, R.O. unit at
TANIGUCHI, Ebara Corp., Tokyo, Japan Eastman Kodak. Kodak’s desire to
automate the control of the R.O.
unit led to a decision to install the
newly developed R.O.
Optimization, ROOP, system. The
system was commissioned in
November, 1988. This paper
reports on the project to automate
the R.O. controls on the ultrapure
water system of an Eastman
Kodak research facility.
Computer Control of LARRY ASHCRAFT, PETE WEAVER, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester,
Reverse Osmosis New York, FRED WALE, Rust International Corp., Portland, Oregon, TOM
LAHUE, Ebara Corp., Glendale, California, SUSAN MASHIMA, SHIN
TANIGUCHI, Ebara Corp., Tokyo, Japan
Computer Control of HERMANN W. POHLAND, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington,
Reverse Osmosis Delaware
PLC-Based Distributed JAMES L. DUNN, Resources Conservation Company, Bellevue, Washington Wastewater treatment facilities
Controls: an Economical using evaporators, reverse
and Flexible Solution for osmosis, filters, dryers,
Industrial Wastewater crystallizers and related equipment
Treatment Systems can now be fully automated and
controlled at a much lower cost
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Page 3727 of 5199 01/27/2018

controlled at a much lower cost
than traditional control consoles
and with more flexibility than
conventional distributed control
systems. Using inexpensive
programmable logic controllers
PLCs, standard IBM- compatible
personal computers and off-the-
shelf software, control systems can
be designed that perform a greater
range of functions than a
traditional control console yet
occupy a space no larger than a
desktop computer. PLC-based
distributed controls also have
greater flexibility for less cost than
conventional distributed controls.
Unlike conventional distributed
controls, PLC-based systems do
not need a control room and can
be set up in small outdoor
enclosures on site. Several
installations using PLC-based
distributed controls will be
discussed.
PLC-Based Distributed MICHAEL C. SKRIBA, Westinghouse Electric, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Controls: an Economical
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IWC-89-57 Paper
Page 3730 of 5199 01/27/2018

and Flexible Solution for
Industrial Wastewater
Treatment Systems
Advances in High Range DAVID M. GRAY, E. W. SHAFFER, Leeds & Northrup, North Wales, High range electrolytic conductivity
Conductivity Measurement Pennsylvania is a valuable measurement in
for Water Treatment water treatment for monitoring and
controlling acid and caustic dilution
for deionizer regeneration, brine
concentration for softener
regeneration and cooling water
cycles of concentration. The
economics and repeatability of
these operations depend on a
reliable concentration
measurement. Described here are
measuring techniques and
practices that can greatly improve
the accuracy of these
measurements. Improvements in
sensor design, signal transmission,
temperature compensation and
concentration computations have
resulted in a reliable and accurate
measurements and control
equipment.
Advances in High Range DAVID M. GRAY, E. W. SHAFFER, Leeds & Northrup, North Wales,
Conductivity Measurement Pennsylvania
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IWC-89-58 Paper
Page 3733 of 5199 01/27/2018

for Water Treatment
Advances in High Range ROBERT M. RICKER, Sentry Equipment Corp., Oconomowoc, Wisconsin
Conductivity Measurement
for Water Treatment
New High Rate Filter TAKESHI IWATSUKA, Japan Organo Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan An improved and novel filter has
been developed which can handle
fairly high turbidity loads at flow as
high as 50 — 100m/hr. It is based
on a bundle of long fibres attached
to a base plate collector in a down
flow filter vessel which can be
expanded by upflow backwash for
cleaning. It has been operated
successfully with paper mill
effluent and has been proved to
offer various advantages over the
conventional filters such as a
typical gravity sand filter..
New High Rate Filter TAKESHI IWATSUKA, Japan Organo Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
New High Rate Filter J. D. DARJI, Infilco Degremont Inc., Richmond, Virginia
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IWC-89-59 Paper
IWC-89-60 Paper
Page 3736 of 5199 01/27/2018

Innovative Processes LARRY W. VANDEVENTER, Infilco Degremont Inc., Richmond, Virginia,
Provide Cogeneration MICHAEL W. VERA, Mt. Poso Cogeneration Plant, Bakersfield, California
Power Plant with the
Ability to Utilize Oil Field
Water
Innovative Processes R. GREGORY BALMER, Exxon Research & Engineering Company, Florham
Provide Cogeneration Park, New Jersey
Power Plant with the
Ability to Utilize Oil Field
Water
Flushing and Chemically ANTHONY D'IPPOLITO, Arizona Public Service Company, Phoenix, Arizona Dirty and corroded piping systems
Cleaning New Piping represent lost revenues for many
Systems industries. For power plants,
corroded piping can represent up
to 40% of maintenance costs.
Flushing and chemically cleaning
piping systems maximizes the
benefits of chemical treatment
programs to increase equipment
availability and reduce
maintenance costs._x000D_
highlight items that are often
overlooked during pre operational
flushing and chemical cleaning of
new piping systems. Readers
could benefit from our experiences
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IWC-89-61 Paper
Page 3739 of 5199 01/27/2018

and realize savings in time,
money, and frustration. Extensive
pre-planning combined with
flushing and chemically cleaning
the piping system, while it is out of
service, has provided the most
benefit to us.
Flushing and Chemically ANTHONY D'IPPOLITO, Arizona Public Service Company, Phoenix, Arizona
Cleaning New Piping
Systems
Flushing and Chemically JOHN GATEWOOD, Halliburton Industrial Services Division, Duncan, Oklahoma
Cleaning New Piping
Systems
ICP Performance for the RAYMOND F. MADDALONE, TRW, Redondo Beach, California, JAMES K. This paper describes an Electric
Measurement of Fourteen RICE, Consultant, Olney, Maryland, WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power Research Power Research Institute 26
Trace Metals in Power Institute, Palo Alto, California laboratory study to validate 14
Plant Waste Streams elements (Al, Ba, Be, B, Cd, Cr,
Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, Zn)
determined by Inductively Coupled
Plasma (ICP) in typical utility waste
streams. The resulting single
operator and overall precision
were used to compute limits of
detection and quantitation for each
of the elements in each matrix.
These limits of detection were
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IWC-90-05 Paper
Page 3742 of 5199 01/27/2018

compared to published EPA
detection limits. In addition, an
algorithmic approach was used to
compare ICP precision and
recovery results from the utility
matrices to those obtained in
reagent grade water samples.
From this analysis, the presence or
absence of chemical matrix effects
were investigated.
ICP Performance for the Dr. ROBERT J. FAUST, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Measurement of Fourteen
Trace Metals in Power
Plant Waste Streams
Case Study: Zero Liquid DAN PETERSON, Resources Conservation Company, Bellevue, Washington, The water treatment system
Discharge Water TERRY BRADHAM, Sirrine Environmental Consultants, Raleigh, North Carolina design at the Stratton wood fired
Treatment System at the plant site has proved to be
Stratton Energy Project environmentally sound and flexible
Biomass Power Plant enough to accommodate
significant changes in the initial
water chemistry. Only minor
alterations were required to
provide a reliable system with just
two operators per shift. This
success is attributed to the overall
design approach and to
responsible operational personnel
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Page 3745 of 5199 01/27/2018

at the plant. The system handles
all wastewater at the site and
maintains the integrity of zero
liquid discharge.
Main Features of Present OLGA MARTYNOVA, Moscow Power Institute, Moscow, USSR Dr. Olga Martinola, Moscow Power
Time Water Chemistry in Institute, the head of the Moscow
the Soviet Union Power Engineering Institute, MPEI,
reviewed the water technology for
power systems both thermal and
nuclear in the Soviet Union. She
described the education system in
the Technical Institutes which
graduated power engineers, and
issued manuals on power plant
chemistry. The power plants are
diverse, including 40% fossil co-
generation plants providing district
heating, all of which operated with
reasonable water chemistry.
However, there were material
shortages due to centralized
planning, particularly ion exchange
resins and regenerant chemicals.
Instruments were basic, only pH
and conductivity for on-line
monitoring._x000D_
Water chemistry specifications and
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IWC-90-01 Paper
Page 3748 of 5199 01/27/2018

guidelines were issued by MPEI,
and are used flexibly to correct
supply problems. Drum boilers
usually used coordinated
phosphate, but some used high pH
chelant treatment. Once-through
boilers had four alternative
treatment modes with
specifications similar to USA
practices. The history of chemistry
operations was reviewed,
particularly for oxidizing water
chemistry in supercritical units, and
steam properties and contaminant
v0latilities. Corrosion on steam
systems was reviewed for all-
volatile and oxidizing treatments.
In nuclear pressurized water
reactor, PWR, primary systems
potassium hydroxide and ammonia
or hydrazine was used in place of
lithium-6 hydroxide for coordinated
boric acid pH and reducing
chemistry control.
A Method for Increased DENNIS H. STONE, Tampa Electric Company, Tampa, Florida, MICHAEL J. Tampa Electric Company has
Wastewater WETHERN, Mitco Water Laboratories, Inc., Winter Haven, Florida, SHARON S. initiated an innovative water
Reuse/Recycle at a Coal WHIPPLE, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan management program for the
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Page 3751 of 5199 01/27/2018

Fired Electric Power purpose of reducing the quantity of
Station wastewater disposed in a
permitted sprayfield, to increase
the reuse of treated wastewater
and reducing city water
consumption._x000D_
Data from a 1988 pilot plant study
of reverse osmosis and
electrodialysis reversal (EDR)
treatment is presented and the
selection of reverse osmosis
treatment is supported based on
treated water quality, capital and
operation costs. Evaluation of pilot
plant reverse osmosis
pretreatment system is included.
Criteria for selection of full size
pretreatment and_x000D_
IWC-90-02 3_x000D_
Palo Verde Nuclear Generating
Station, the nation’s largest
nuclear power plant, is unique in
that it is located in a desert
environment and uses secondary
sewage effluent as a cooling water
source. The utilization of such a
cooling water source provides a
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IWC-90-02 Paper
IWC-90-03 Report
Page 3754 of 5199 01/27/2018

number of interesting challenges
and opportunities.
A Method for Increased MARIO SMITH, Stone & Webster Environmental, Houston, Texas
Wastewater
Reuse/Recycle at a Coal
Fired Electric Power
Station
Palo Verde Nuclear THOMAS A. SHAW, SARIANNE RITTENHOUSE, Arizona Public Service Palo Verde Nuclear Generatng
Generating Station Company, Phoenix, Arizona, GEORGE PEABODY, Calgon Corporation, Station, the nation's largest nuclear
Secondary Sewage Lakewood, Colorado power plant, is unique in that it is
Effluent as a Cooling located in a desert environment
Water Source and uses secondary sewage
effluent as a cooling water source.
The utilization of such a cooling
water source provides a number of
interesting challenges and
opportunities.
Palo Verde Nuclear WAYNE RICHARDSON Sr., Fluor Daniel Engineering, Irvine, California
Generating Station
Secondary Sewage
Effluent as a Cooling
Water Source
Catalytic Hydrogen PRESTON SLOANE, Virginia Electric Power Company, Mineral, Virginia, BRIAN A 360 GPM ultrapure water system
Deoxygenation and Triple P. HERNON, Ionics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts began operation at North Anna
Membrane Nuclear Station on August31,
Demineralization at North 1989. The system includes media
Anna Nuclear Station filtration, three triple membrane
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Page 3756 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-90-04 Paper
Page 3757 of 5199 01/27/2018

trailers, portable mixed beds and a
catalytic ion exchange resin bed
oxygen removal system, CORS.
Data is presented on the operation
of this system with emphasis on
the unique hydrogen fed CORS
system.
Catalytic Hydrogen BRIAN P. HERNON, Ionics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, PRESTON
Deoxygenation and Triple SLOANE, Virginia Electric Power Company, Mineral, Virginia
Membrane
Demineralization at North
Anna Nuclear Station
Catalytic Hydrogen WILLIAM S. MILLER, Ecolochem, Norfolk, Virginia
Deoxygenation and Triple
Membrane
Demineralization at North
Anna Nuclear Station
A No Chemical Waste THOMAS LOCKWOOD, GEORGE WADDINGTON, Ionpure Technologies, A 360 GPM ultrapure water system
Ultrapure Water System Bedford, Massachusetts, PAUL PARISE, Stone and Webster, Inc., Boston, began operation at North Anna
Massachusetts Nuclear Station on August31,
1989. The system includes media
filtration, three triple membrane
trailers, portable mixed beds and a
catalytic ion exchange resin bed
oxygen removal system, CORS.
Data is presented on the operation
of this system with emphasis on
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IWC-90-06 Paper
Page 3760 of 5199 01/27/2018

the unique hydrogen fed CORS
system.
A No Chemical Waste THOMAS LOCKWOOD, GEORGE WADDINGTON, Ionpure Technologies,
Ultrapure Water System Bedford, Massachusetts, PAUL PARISE, Stone and Webster, Inc., Boston,
Massachusetts
A No Chemical Waste THOMAS A. DAVIS, Graver Water, Union, New Jersey

Ultrapure Water System
Case Study: Zero Liquid EDGAR G. PAULSON, Consultant, Richmond, Virginia

Discharge Water
Treatment System at the
Stratton Energy Project
Biomass Power Plant
Water Treatment at the DAVID L. DRUMMONDS, Southern Company Services, Inc., Birmingham, This paper discusses the
Filer City Cogeneration Alabama conceptual design of the water
Plant management system at the Filer
city Cogeneration Plant as
presented in the Site Water and
Waste Management Plan. It
provides design details as to how
the conceptual design was
implemented in specifications and
bills of material for the plant intake
screen, makeup demineralizer,
tower water treatment equipment
and boiler water treatment
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IWC-90-07 Paper
Page 3763 of 5199 01/27/2018

equipment._x000D_
During startup unexpected levels
of color developed in the
demineralizer influent. The paper
discusses measures taken to solve
this problem, and presents a case
history of methods to automate
water treatment systems, make
equipment more energy efficient,
and address health aspects of
operation. The heat recovery and
variable regenerant dosage
features of the water plant are
considered technological
advancements.
Water Treatment at the DAVID L. DRUMMONDS, Southern Company Services, Inc., Birmingham,
Filer City Cogeneration Alabama
Plant
Water Treatment at the GREGORY A OSEN, Glegg Water Conditioning, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Filer City Cogeneration
Plant
Secondary Effluent LARRY GURNARI, ROBERT O'CONNELL, Graver Water, Union, New Jersey, A 1200 ton per day, Waste-to-
Provides Vital Source of VINOD SHARMA, ROBERT GRAHAM, Ogden Projects, Inc., Fairfield, New Energy (WTE) facility is being built
Process Water for Waste Jersey to service Lancaster County in
to Energy Facility Pennsylvania. The WTE plant will
use a portion of the secondary
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Page 3766 of 5199 01/27/2018

effluent, available from a
neighboring, sewage wastewater
treatment plant, in Elizabeth
Township, as the main source for
process and boiler feedwater
requirements. The WTE facility
must maintain an overall zero
system water balance, as such, no
water can be discharged from the
site to the ground or sewer. Except
for a limited quantity of water used
as makeup to the ash quenching
and air pollution control equipment,
all the plant water must be
recycled for use within the facility,
including the site sanitary waste
stream._x000D_
Process water requirements will be
met by treating secondary effluent
to varying degrees, to provide
make-up water for the cooling
tower and feedwater for the boiler.
The design of the individual
treatment schemes will be
summarized, including normal and
maximum, untreated and treated,
water quality parameters. A
Page 3767 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 3768 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-90-08 Paper
Page 3769 of 5199 01/27/2018

treatability study was conducted in
the laboratory, followed by field
pilot testing, to confirm and
optimize plant design. Data from
both phases of this study is
presented.
Secondary Effluent ANDREW F. McCLURE, NUS Corporation, Aiken, South Carolina
Provides Vital Source of
Process Water for Waste
to Energy Facility
Zero Blowdown - A STEPHEN J. GAGNEPAIN, Stratton Energy Associates, Hydra-Co., Stratton, This paper will investigate the
Solution for Water Maine, DANIEL A. MEIER, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois problems one cogeneration plant
Conservation encountered when operating a
zero discharge facility with
sidestream cold lime softening
with. It also details alternative
clarification and purification
processes which produce more
desirable cooling water corrosion
control. The net results of
feedstock changes are more
favorable economics, ease of
operation, higher quality water,
with a significant reduction of solid
wastes.
Zero Blowdown - A JACK MATSON, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
Solution for Water
Page 3770 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 3771 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-90-09 Paper
IWC-90-10 Paper
Page 3772 of 5199 01/27/2018

Conservation
Condensate Polishing at W. A. MARCHEWKA, J. D. ASPEN, J. B. CONLIN, ESKOM, Johannesburg, This paper describes operating
Elevated Temperatures South Africa results of the condensate polishing
plant at the Matimba Power
Station, equipped with once-
through boilers and dry air cooled
condensers and having a capacity
of 6 x 665 MW. Ambient conditions
result in high condensate
temperatures peaking at 75 C in
mid summer. The condensate
polishing plant consists of separate
cation and anion exchange deep
beds and has been performing
satisfactorily in regard to treated
condensatequality and life of
resins.
Condensate Polishing at W. A. MARCHEWKA, J. D. ASPEN, J. B. CONLIN, ESKOM, Johannesburg,
Elevated Temperatures South Africa
Condensate Polishing at SALLIE FISHER, Puricons, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania

Elevated Temperatures
Performance Analysis and PHILIP W. RENOUF, Waterscience International, Pty. Ltd., Sydney, New South Constraints imposed on designers
Upgrading of Spherical Wales, Australia, GORDON DEANS, Electricity Commission of New South of spherical condensate polishers
Condensate Polishers Wales, Eraring, New South Wales, Australia often result in poor resin utilization.
Page 3773 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 3774 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-90-11 Paper
Page 3775 of 5199 01/27/2018

A study of flow distribution by
means of resin core analysis and
conductivity probes in an
Australian power station led to
modifications which have lifted H-
OH cycle capacity well above
industry norms, and greatly
improved repeatability.
Performance Analysis and PHILIP W. RENOUF, Waterscience International, Pty. Ltd., Sydney, New South
Upgrading of Spherical Wales, Australia, GORDON DEANS, Electricity Commission of New South
Condensate Polishers Wales_x000D_
Eraring, New South Wales, Australia
Performance Analysis and BRUCE I. TRIPP, Pacific Gas & Electric, Avila Beach, California
Upgrading of Spherical
Development of Nuclear V. V. NAIK, A. NATARAJAN, Thermax Limited, Pune, Maharashtra, India, K. S. Functional requirements of nuclear
Grade Resins and its KRISHNA RAO, E. G. A. NAMBOODIRI, Nuclear Power Corporation, grade ion exchange resins in the
Performance in a Power Kalpakkam, India purification systems of power
Plant in India plants, the precautions to be taken
in its manufacture and the efforts
to produce the same in India are
described. Also laboratory data on
the development of a weak base
anion exchange resin for use in the
moderator system of Pressurized
Heavy Water Reactor for removal
of ionic impurities at constant
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IWC-90-12 Paper
Page 3778 of 5199 01/27/2018

of ionic impurities at constant
boron level is presented.
Development of Nuclear V. V. NAIK, A. NATARAJAN, Thermax Limited, Pune, Maharashtra, India, K. S.
Grade Resins and its KRISHNA RAO, E. G. A. NAMBOODIRI, Nuclear Power Corporation,
Performance in a Power Kalpakkam, India
Plant in India
Development of Nuclear HAROLD F. SAUFLEY, Sybron Chemicals, Inc., Birmingham, New Jersey
Grade Resins and its
Performance in a Power
Plant in India
Ten Years Experience with ZHANG SHUCHUN, Tianjin Petrochemical Corp., Tianjin, China, JOHN C. Tianjin Petro-Chemical
Reverse Flow Dual KONEN, Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PETER A. YARNELL, Corporation, TPCC, power plant
Stratified Bed Systems in Rohm and Haas, Spring House, Pennsylvania has 5 medium pressure boilers
China with cation and anion stratified
beds with air hold down during
regeneration using Type 2 anion
resins for makeup water. Results
of a laboratory study comparing
Type 1 and Type 2 anion resins
are reported with a weak base
treatment for organic removal.
Plant performance have been
good over 10 years with the
original resins.
Ten Years Experience with ZHANG SHUCHUN, Tianjin Petrochemical Corp., Tianjin, China, JOHN C.
Reverse Flow Dual KONEN, Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PETER A. YARNELL,
Stratified Bed Systems in Rohm and Haas, Spring House, Pennsylvania
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Page 3780 of 5199 01/27/2018
IWC-90-13 Paper
IWC-90-14 Paper
Page 3781 of 5199 01/27/2018

China
Ten Years Experience with JOHN UNGAR, Dianex Systems, Inc., Lockport, New York
Reverse Flow Dual
Stratified Bed Systems in
China
Current Cooling Water JOHN P. TERRY, CRYSTAL W. YATES, Buckman Laboratories, Memphis, The purpose of this paper is to
Corrosion Control Tennessee trace the historical development of
Technology several types of corrosion control
programs and describe how they
have evolved over the past 20-30
Years. However, our emphasis is
on the actual technological
differences between programs
rather than superficial or cosmetic
differences. We use laboratory
dose/response data to define the
performance level of different
inhibitors and combinations of
inhibitors.
Current Cooling Water ALAN M. YEOMAN, Ciba-Geigy Ardsley, New York
Corrosion Control
Technology
Macrofouling Control MICHAEL G. TRULEAR, EDWARD W. EKIS, Nalco Chemical Company, This paper will explore the various
Naperville, Illinois, GEORGE ELLIOT, Northern Ireland Electricity, Northern methods available for macrofouling
Ireland control with emphasis on control
approaches for use in once
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Page 3783 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-90-15 Paper
Page 3784 of 5199 01/27/2018

through cooling systems.
Macroorganism biology will be
discussed and case histories
presented demonstrating the
effectiveness of one approach,
chlorine-activated bromide mixture,
for effective prevention of
macrofouling. This paper will
provide a framework for
understanding macrofouling
problems and developing cost-
effective programs for ma fouling
control and prevention.
Macrofouling Control JOHN F. GAREY, Marine Biocontrol, Sandwich, Massachusetts
Economics and ALAN PRYOR, National Water Management Corp., San Jose, California, Cooling Tower Ozonation involves
Performance of Cooling MICHAEL BUKAY, Michael Bukay & Associates, San Jose, California injection of low concentration, site
Tower Ozonation: Six generated ozone gas into cooling
Case Histories tower water to reduce biological
growth, corrosion, and scale while
eliminating the use of all other
toxic chemicals. The economic
benefits and successful results of
six ozonation systems will be
presented. These included
elimination of chemicals and the
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IWC-90-16 Paper
Page 3787 of 5199 01/27/2018

elimination of chemicals and the
associated costs (including labor),
reduction or elimination of
blowdown water & sewage costs,
decreased energy costs, and
reduced corrosion rates.
Economics and TOM LARONGE, Thomas M. Laronge, Inc., Vancouver, Washington
Performance of Cooling
Tower Ozonation: Six
Case Histories
Major Advances of QINAI BAO, Jinling Petrochemical Corporation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China This paper reviews the major
Chemical Treatment of advances of chemical treatment of
Cooling Water in China cooling water in China over the last
over the Last Decade ten years in following areas:
research and application of
corrosion and scale inhibitors;
biological fouling and its
prevention; the improvements of
scale inhibition static test and
dynamic pilot cooling tower
experiment._x000D_
The problems in cooling water
systems which are operated under
severe conditions (e.g. high
alkalinity, temperature, hardness,
and pH) were solved with
self—developed programs. Six
Page 3788 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-90-17 Paper
Page 3790 of 5199 01/27/2018

case histories are presented in this
paper to show the distinct features
of chemical treatment of cooling
water in China. Concerning the
environment protection, nearly all
programs used in cooling tower in
China are the phosphate based
formulations.
Development of a Resin to L. S. GOLDEN, J. IRVING, Purolite International Limited, Pontyclun, Wales This paper discusses the
Selectively Remove requirements of a resin used for
Nitrates from a Water removing nitrates from water
Supply supplies, and shows the
advantages of a strong base anion
resin with special functionality
based on higher alkyl amines to
remove nitrate selectively.
Laboratory data illustrates the
importance of having the correct
resin matrix in optimizing the
performance of such resins.
Development of a Resin to L. S. GOLDEN, J. IRVING, Purolite International Limited, Pontyclun, Wales
Selectively Remove
Nitrates from a Water
Supply
Development of a Resin to JERRY GUTER, Boyle Engineering, Bakersfield, California
Selectively Remove
Nitrates from a Water
Page 3791 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-90-18 Paper
Page 3793 of 5199 01/27/2018

Supply
Impact of Particle Size on DANIEL B. RICE, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan Improvements in the technology
Single Bed Demineralizer used to manufacture ion exchange
Performance resins now make it possible to
economically produce resins of
uniform particle size for use in
single bed demineralizers. These
resins have been tested in both
laboratory and actual field trials.
The results of those evaluations
show the uniform size resins can
have significant advantages over
conventional, Gaussian distributed
resins. Those advantages include:
less backwash water required; less
rinse water required; improvement
in throughput; longer run times;
lower leakages; reduced system
operating costs. Many end users
have seen the advantages of these
new resins when used as a
replacement for their existing
resins. These resins also offer an
opportunity for equipment
manufacturers to produce smaller,
more efficient demineralizer
systems as well.
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IWC-90-19 Paper
IWC-90-21 Paper
Page 3796 of 5199 01/27/2018

systems as well.
Impact of Particle Size on DANIEL B. RICE, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan
Single Bed Demineralizer
Performance
Impact of Particle Size on BRIAN HOFFMAN, Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Single Bed Demineralizer
Performance
Comparison of Operating MICHAEL J. KASZYSKI, KENNETH L. FULFORD, AT&T Microelectronics, Actual operating data is presented
Data from Three Type I Allentown, Pennsylvania, MICHAEL C. HUGHES, JAMES T. CARGO, AT&T Bell from three Type I gel, anion resins.
Gel Anion Resins Laboratories, Allentown, Pennsylvania Conventional, gaussian gel resins,
the anion component of a low
chloride, nuclear grade mixed
resin, and a uniform particle size,
UPS, resin are compared. Data is
presented as to operating run
lengths, rinse down times,
conductivities, and TOC values.
Usage of anion UPS resin has
resulted in cost savings of both
chemicals and water used for
regeneration.
Comparison of Operating CLARENCE COLLEY, Boeing, Huntsville, Alabama
Data from Three Type I
Gel Anion Resins
Treatment of a Hazardous RANDALL K. DRAZBA, Floyde Browne Associates, Inc., Marion, Ohio, GARY P. Envirosafe Services Of Ohio, Inc.,
Landfill Leachate FRITSCH, Zimpro/Passavant, Inc., Rothschild, Wisconsin, JAMES E. ESOI, manages a facility located in
Page 3797 of 5199 01/27/2018

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Page 3799 of 5199 01/27/2018

Landfill Leachate FRITSCH, Zimpro/Passavant, Inc., Rothschild, Wisconsin, JAMES E. ESOI, manages a facility located in
HAMILTON, Envirosafe Services of Ohio, Oregon, Ohio, MICHAEL S. WELSH, Oregon, Ohio (near Toledo) which
Envirosafe Management Sevices, Inc. Valley Forge, Pennsylvania operates as a Resource
RCRA, landfill for disposal of
hazardous and non-hazardous
wastes on a 135.6 acre tract of
land. Typical industrial wastes
disposed at this landfill include
electroplating sludges from metal
finishing operations, soil and
debris from Comprehensive
Environmental Response and
Compensation Liability Act,
CERCLA, activities, wastewater
treatment sludges from petroleum
refining processes and other solid
industrial wastes._x000D_
A two-stage powdered activated
carbon/activated sludge, process
demonstrated treatment of the
hazardous landfill leachate. The
process provided excellent
treatment of the leachate which
included high concentrations of
heavy metals, phenols, cyanide
and aliphatic, volatile compounds.
Page 3800 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-90-22 Paper
Page 3802 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment of a Hazardous ROBERT M. ROSAIN, CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Washington
Landfill Leachate
An On-Site Chemical STANLEY B. McCONNELL, Dowell Schlumberger, Tulsa, Oklahoma, JAMES Thiourea is a copper complexing
Treatment for Thiourea in RUCK, Dowell Schlumberger, Torrance, California, ED F. HOY, Dow Chemical agent in inhibited hydrochloric acid
Boiler Chemical Cleaning Company, Midland, Michigan which allows for simultaneous
Wastes removal of iron oxide and copper
scales from the interior surfaces of
industrial equipment. Thiourea is
recognized by the International
Agency for the Research on
Cancer, IARC, as a suspected
carcinogen that has caused cancer
(skin, thyroid and liver) in
laboratory rodents. Because of
thiourea’s link to cancer and its
toxicity, it is defined by the
Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, RCRA, as a
hazardous substance. Laboratory
and field results are presented of a
patented, on-site chemical
treatment process capable of
removing >99% of the thiourea
from spent hydrochloric acid boiler
chemical cleaning wastes.
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IWC-90-23 Paper
Page 3805 of 5199 01/27/2018

An On-Site Chemical STANLEY B. McCONNELL, Dowell Schlumberger, Tulsa, Oklahoma, JAMES
Treatment for Thiourea in RUCK, Dowell Schlumberger, Torrance, California, ED F. HOY, Dow Chemical
Boiler Chemical Cleaning Company, Midland, Michigan
Wastes
An On-Site Chemical ROBERT CHIESA, RMT Inc., Madison, Wisconsin
Treatment for Thiourea in
Boiler Chemical Cleaning
Wastes
Treatment of McIntosh CHARLES D. GARING, McIntosh Power Plant, Lakeland, Florida, LESTER C. Lakeland operates a one mgd.
Power Plant Process WEBB, KENNETH R. WEISS, Black & Veatch, Kansas City, Missouri wastewater treatment system to
Wastewaters by the reduce metals concentrations in
Sulfide-Assisted Iron the C. D. McIntosh Power Plant
Coprecipitation Process discharge. Wastewater that
includes coal pile and landfill
runoff, ash sluice water, spent ion
exchange resin regenerants, and
floor drains. Treatment results
achieved using iron co-
precipitation are presented,
illustrating the very low effluent
concentrations reached to meet
stringent regulatory requirements.
Treatment of McIntosh CHARLES D. GARING, McIntosh Power Plant, Lakeland, Florida, LESTER C.
Power Plant Process WEBB, KENNETH R. WEISS, Black & Veatch, Kansas City, Missouri
Waste Waters by the
Sulfide-Assisted Iron
Coprecipitation Process
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IWC-90-24 Paper
Page 3808 of 5199 01/27/2018

Treatment of McIntosh WALTER ZABBAN, Consultant, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Power Plant Process
Waste Waters by the
Sulfide-Assisted Iron
Coprecipitation Process
Controlling Sludge JAMES B. CARLING, Milton Roy Company, Ivyland, Pennsylvania, KHAI TRAN, Requirements for municipal and
Dewatering with Streaming Ashbrook-Simon-Hartley, Houston, Texas industrial discharge are becoming
Current and Advanced more stringent each year and
Microprocessor increasing quantities of difficult to
Technology dewater sludges are being
generated. Because of the
increasing costs for sludge
disposal and the volumes that
need to be disposed, it is
imperative to optimize the
dewatering operation. To do this,
belt press operation must produce
a consistent product at a fixed cost
without operator attention. Our
goal was to utilize advanced
microprocessor controls to achieve
the complete automation process
of the belt filter press. This
included combining both proven
and new technologies, comprising
belt filter press and streaming
current technologies with
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Page 3810 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-90-25 Report
Page 3811 of 5199 01/27/2018

additional sensors and controls,
maximizing the performance level
and reducing the operating costs
of sludge dewatering.
Controlling Sludge BOSCO HO, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Dewatering with Streaming
Current and Advanced
Microprocessor
Technology
A Portable Test Facility for WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Requirements for municipal and
Evaluating Condenser California, CHARLES D. HARDY, Heat Exchanger Systems, Inc., Boston, industrial discharge are becoming
Microbiological Fouling Massachusetts, JOHN F. GAREY, Marine Biocontrol Corp., Sandwich, more stringent each year and
Control Options Massachusetts, B. A. BENNETT, Stow Engineering Corporation, Quincy, increasing quantities of difficult to
Massachusetts dewater sludges are being
generated. Because of the
increasing costs for sludge
disposal and the volumes that
need to be disposed, it is
imperative to optimize the
dewatering operation. To do this,
belt press operation must produce
a consistent product at a fixed cost
without operator attention. Our
goal was to utilize advanced
microprocessor controls to achieve
the complete automation process
of the belt filter press. This
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IWC-90-26 Report
IWC-90-27 Report
Page 3814 of 5199 01/27/2018

included combining both proven
and new technologies, comprising
belt filter press and streaming
current technologies with
additional sensors and controls,
maximizing the performance level
and reducing the operating costs
of sludge dewatering.
Laboratory Methods for BRUCE W. VIGON, DAVID P. EVERS, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Various techniques have been
Evaluating Generic Ohio, WAYNE C. MICHELETTI, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, historically used to evaluate heat
Cooling Water Additives California transfer surface deposits. None
have become a standard protocol
for the power industry. Continuous-
flow methodologies for testing
generic additives are being
developed and compared to
NACE/ASTM batch testing
techniques. Two laboratory-sized
heat exchangers are being built.
One utilizes condensing steam as
the heat transfer medium and the
other an electrically-heated
resistance foil. Comparisons to
actual operating condensers will
be established.
Effectively Dispersing J. MIKE BROWN, Betz Laboratories, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas, JIM POLITO, Natural waters from lakes, rivers,
Muds and Silts in Power Betz industrial, Cincinnati, Ohio, KEVIN DENNIS, Appalachian Power Company, and wells are contaminated with
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IWC-90-28 Report
Page 3817 of 5199 01/27/2018

Plant Cooling Water ew Haven, West Virginia mud and silt, which deposit on the
Systems components of cooling water
systems in power plants. These
deposits degrade heat transfer
rate, constrict fluid flow, and
accelerate corrosion. It has been
demonstrated, through both
laboratory and industrial testing,
that polymeric dispersants are
effective in preventing these
deposits. This paper characterizes
the contaminants in silt, explains
the polymeric dispersant
mechanism, presents supporting
laboratory test data, and describes
the successful industrial
application of dispersants at
Appalachian Power Company’s
Mountaineer Station in West
Virginia.
Successful Bromine ERNEST SANGER, Indianapolis Power & Light, Indianapolis, Indiana, GERALD Indianapolis Power and Light, IPL,
Chloride Use in Cooling F. CONNELL, Capital Controls Company, Inc., Colmar, Pennsylvania operates a coal fired station, H. T.
Water Treatment Pritchard, with once through
condenser cooling water of river
water and a backup flow through a
cooling tower. Conventional
chlorination was used until 1985
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IWC-90-29 Report
Page 3820 of 5199 01/27/2018

when restrictions on total residual
oxidant, TRO, were reduced to
0.25 mg/l which was insufficient for
condenser cleanliness with
chlorination. A bromine chloride
treatment was chosen as an
alternative to chlorination based on
the bromine chemistry and biocidal
effectiveness compared to
chlorine. The paper described the
feed and control systems. A data
evaluation was tabulated for 58
months of satisfactory operation
with bromination of cooling water
at H. T. Pritchard.
Project Discovery - TORRY J. TVEDT, Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas
Entergy Operations'
Program for Evaluating
Water Treatment
Proposals
Control of Iron and Silica WILLIAM M. HANN, S. T. ROBERTSON, Rohm and Haas Company, Spring Recent progress in relating
with Polymeric House, Pennsylvania dispersant structure with
Dispersants prevention of deposits dominated
by iron or silica is described. Pilot
studies of dispersant performance
and mechanistic studies of
polymeric dispersants based on
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IWC-90-30 Report
Page 3823 of 5199 01/27/2018

acrylic acid/sulfonate/nonionic
terpolymers were discussed. A
case study of iron transport in a
building air conditioner was
presented and the dispersant
action against the foulants
estimated.
Selective Sorbents for SHELTON. A. DIAS, Ontario Hydro Research Division, Toronto, Ontario, In this progress report, we present
Water Purification in Canada, BABU R. NOTT, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California the results obtained so far from a
Nuclear Systems systematic laboratory evaluation of
a wide range of sorbents, including
commercial organic ion exchange
resins, synthetic and natural
zeolites, impregnated carbons,
functionalized polymeric sorbents,
some proprietary sorbents, and
other special materials. While
extensive work has been carried
out on several different Canadian
Deuterium Uranium-Pressurized
Heavy Water Reactor, CANDU,
purification circuits, the results
presented here will be confined to
the primary heat transport, PHT,
system and moderator system
only. These constitute two of the
major CANDU systems in terms of
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IWC-90-31 Report
IWC-90-32 Report
Page 3826 of 5199 01/27/2018

ion exchange usage, with different
chemistries and operating
conditions.
Optical Sizing vs. Hand GERARD OTTEN, SALLIE FISHER, Puricons, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania Particle size distribution is an
Screening important parameter. It influences
reaction kinetics, pressure drop,
and separability of mixed beds.
Most specifications for ion
exchange resins limit particle size
both at the large and the small
end. This paper discusses results
obtained by analysis with wet
sieves, and with an automatic
particle counter.
Field Performance of a F. X. McGARVEY, Sybron Chemicals, Inc., Birmingham, New Jersey, M. This report describes the on—site
Two-Bed Deionization Unit MOLDOFSKY, Sybron Chemicals, Inc., Houston, Texas, J. C. DROMGOOLE, laboratory study and full scale
Employing Countercurrent Fort Bend Services, Inc., Sugar Land, Texas, LARRY REED, HOH Systems, Inc., plant experience of over three
Regeneration of the Cation Katy, Texas, LAWRENCE STEINBACK, University of Texas, Austin, Texas years of successful operation for
Exchange Beds treating high organic and color in
borewell water at Hotel Soaltee
Oberoi, Kathmandu, Nepal. This
plant uses polystyrene based
macroporous anion exchanger for
organic removal to produce
sparkling clear, taste and odor free
water from odoriferous yellow
colored borewell water.
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IWC-90-34 Report
IWC-90-35 Report
IWC-90-36 Paper
Page 3829 of 5199 01/27/2018

Operational Experience of NORIYUKI SASAKI, TAKAO BABU, SHINICHI YAMAGUCHI, MATSUJI MAEDA,
Condensate Polishing with SACHIO DOL, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama, Japan, OSAMU AMANO, Tokyo
Hollow Fibrous Filter on Electric Power Co._x000D_
Power Plants Tokyo, Japan
A Report on the Use of V. C. MALSHE, B. B. SHAHI, S. N. CHILEKAR, S. S. SHIRODKAR, Ion This report describes the on-site
Organic Removal Ion Exchange (India) Ltd., Bombay, India laboratory study and full scale
Exchanger in Treatment of plant experience of over three
Drinking Water - 3 Years years of successful operation for
of Operation at Hotel treating high organic and color in
Soaltee Oberoi, borewell water at Hotel Soaltee
Kathmandu, Nepal Oberoi, Kathmandu, Nepal. This
plant uses polystyrene based
macroporous anion exchanger for
organic removal to produce
sparkling clear, taste and odor free
water from odoriferous yellow
colored borewell water.
Approaches to Two-Pass LEE COMB, ANITA TUCH, Osmonics, Inc., Minnetonka, Minnesota Two-pass reverse osmosis is
Reverse Osmosis emerging as an attractive selection
for water treatment due to its
simplicity, low cost of operation
and lack of need for large
quantities of chemicals. The two-
pass approach, capable of
producing 0.5-1.0 megohm/cm.
water quality when operated on
just about any watersupply, is very
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IWC-90-37 Paper
Page 3832 of 5199 01/27/2018

attractive for cases where this
quality meets the needs or as pre-
treatment to ion exchange. Field
test operation data and cost of
operation information is presented
in detail.
Approaches to Two-Pass WILLIAM J. CONLON, Stone & Webster Technology Services, Fort Lauderdale,
Reverse Osmosis Florida
Ultrafiltration with Spiral RICHARD E. IDE, DANIEL L. COMSTOCK, Desalination Systems, Inc., Advancement in ultrafiltration, UF,
Wound Membrane Escondido, California module design and process
Technology engineering have generated spiral
wound polysulfone and thin film
membranes capable of processing
streams of temperatures,
viscosities and suspended solids
composition thought to be
achievable only by tubular and
hollow fiber configurations.
Process considerations, pilot
studies, process design and
established applications are
presented in detail.
Ultrafiltration with Spiral PETER DOWN, Romicon, Woburn, Massachusetts
Wound Membrane
Technology
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IWC-90-38 Paper
IWC-90-39 Report
Page 3835 of 5199 01/27/2018

A New Microfiltration G. R. GROVES, Epoc Water, Inc., Fresno, California Applications results of a new
Membrane Separation microfiltration process are
Process for Water described. Which has a flexible
Treatment tubular textile module and a roller
mechanism for expression of the
solids cake, It can be used for the
removal of substances such as
color, hardness, silica, heavy
metals, bacteria and oil & grease.
The module is robust, easy to
clean, and will process total
suspended solids to 2-5% TSS.
Examples from the treatment of
surface waters, pesticide
wastewater and pretreatment of
oil-produced water prior to reverse
osmosis are discussed.
New High Velocity Spiral BURNETT SCHNEIDER, RICHARD A. RIDDLE, Aqua-Chem, Inc., Milwaukee, (Proceedings version missing
Wound MF-UF-RO Wisconsin charts & graphs - use insert copy)
Element Design Membrane systems rely on the
Constructed with an "M" fluid cross-flow velocity to minimize
Path, Open Channel, Feed the build up of suspended solids
Separator on the membrane surface.
Conventional spiral wound
membrane elements are limited to
a cross-flow velocity of one foot
per second because of the
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Page 3838 of 5199 01/27/2018

hydraulic resistance of the
elements flow path. Pressure
vessel configuration limits the size
of the feed entrance and exit
piping which limits the feed flow
rate. These limitations can be
overcome by eliminating the feed
mesh. reducing the feed channel
flow path width, and increasing the
flow path length. This concept is
accomplished by forming the feed
flow path into a “M” shape on the
membrane surface and by
removing the mesh from the flow
path to minimize the hydraulic
resistance and it can be further
reduced by increasing the
thickness of the entrance and exit
ports of the feed separator. The
overall effect of the new design
results in an improvement in the
feed water velocity by a factor of
five. This minimizes the deposition
of suspended solids on the surface
of the membrane and increases
the flux rates. This advantage is
applicable to reverse osmosis,
Page 3839 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 3840 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-90-41 Paper
Page 3841 of 5199 01/27/2018

International Water OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, BARRY DOOLEY, Electric This paper presents a review of
Treatment Practices and Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California water treatment practices and
Experience experience with operation of
fossil—fuel fired utility units in ten
foreign countries. It is based on the
data submitted by nine
organizations covering 29 units
which have participated in the
EPRI project RP27 Monitoring of
Water Chemistry in Fossil Power
Plants and on other (published)
data._x000D_
The data cover once—through and
drum boiler units used for base
load and cycling operation, using
six different types of water
treatment. For the above units, the
cycle characteristics and materials,
water treatment practices and
control limits, typical
concentrations of impurities, cycle
chemistry monitoring practices,
layup practices, and operating
problems are summarized and
compared to the U.S. experience.
Only selected results are
presented in this paper. A more
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IWC-90-42 Paper
Page 3847 of 5199 01/27/2018

comprehensive report will be
published by EPRI.
International Water OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, BARRY DOOLEY, Electric
Treatment Practices and Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
Experience
International Water ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwork Mannheim AG, Federal Republic of Germany
Treatment Practices and
Experience
Combined Water G. QUADRI, P. V. SCOLARI, ENEL-DCO-ULP, Piancenza, Italy, G. P. SCALARI, ENEL has considered combined
Treatment (CWT) in Once ENEL-DPT, Pisa, Italy, F. SIGON, ENEL-DSR-CRTN, Milano, Italy water treatment, CWT, for once
Through Boilers: ENEL through boiler conditioning. This
Experience paper presents results about: three
years operating experience on 160
MWe Benson type boiler; one year
on Porto Tolle 2, 660 MWe
supercritical CE boiler; one year on
Piombino 4, 320 MWe UP B & W
boiler during commissioning. The
paper provides details of the
waterwall deposits as
microphotographs, specific
weights, and system Fe analyses.
Combined Water G. QUADRI, P. V. SCOLARI, ENEL-DCO-ULP, Piancenza, Italy, G. P. SCALARI,
Treatment (CWT) in Once ENEL-DPT, Pisa, Italy, F. SIGON, ENEL-DSR-CRTN, Milano, Italy
Through Boilers: ENEL
Experience
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IWC-90-43 Paper
Page 3850 of 5199 01/27/2018

Combined Water JAMES A. MATTHEWS, Duke Power Company, Charlotte, North Carolina
Treatment (CWT) in Once
Through Boilers: ENEL
Experience
Makeup Treatment for KEVIN J. SHIELDS, DAVID A. CLINE, Jr., Sheppard T. Powell Associates, This paper presents an overview of
Fossil Utility Plant Steam/ Baltimore, Maryland, R. BARRY DOOLEY, Electric Power Research Institute, the EPRI document “Guidelines
Water Cycles Palo Alto, California For Makeup Water Treatment”,
focusing on current industry
practices based on a utility survey
conducted as part of the project
RP 2712-6 scope of work. This
discussion also addresses the
influence of water supply
characteristics on definition of an
effective treatment process,
performance monitoring
techniques, and potential effects of
variations _x000D_
EPRI GS—6699, entitled
“Guidelines For Makeup Water
Treatment” reviews available
technology for, and preferred
approaches to, production of fossil
plant cycle makeup from various
raw water supplies. It may be used
to develop designs for new
systems and. to upgrade or
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IWC-90-49 Paper
IWC-90-44 Paper
Page 3853 of 5199 01/27/2018

otherwise improve the operation of
existing systems.
Makeup Treatment for KEVIN J. SHIELDS, DAVID A. CLINE, Jr., Sheppard T. Powell Associates,
Fossil Utility Plant Steam - Baltimore, Maryland, R. BARRY DOOLEY, Electric Power Research Institute,
Water Cycles Palo Alto, California
Makeup Treatment for K. ANTHONY SELBY, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, Colorado
Fossil Utility Plant Steam -
Water Cycles
Installation of a New NORMAN SEVRIN, HARRY MILLER, Public Service Electric & Gas Company, A fully integrated on-line
Secondary Chemistry Hancocks Bridge, New Jersey, SUSAN M. WOZNIAK, Westinghouse Electric monitoring system has been
Laboratory and Data Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, DAVID F. PENSENSTADLER, NUS installed in a new laboratory at the
Management System at Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Salem Nuclear Generating Station.
the Salem Nuclear The paper will describe the
Generating Station chemistry data center
hardware/software systems and
provide an overview of the real
time data acquisition/management
techniques including tie-ins to pre
existing computer software in the
counting room.
Corrosion Rate and PIETRO PINACCI, MARCO FERRARI, G. BUZZANCO, CISE Technologie A corrosion rate and physico-
Chemical-Physical Innovative Spa., Segrate, Italy, P. V. SCOLARI, ENEL/DCO-ULP, Piacenza, Italy chemical parameter monitoring
Parameter Monitoring system has been installed at the
During the Start-Up of the economizer inlet in the water-
Piombino Power Plant, steam cycle of a fossil fuel power
Group 4 plant conditioned with the
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IWC-90-44D Report
IWC-90-45 Paper
Page 3856 of 5199 01/27/2018

Combined Water Treatment, CWT,
monitoring system consists of a
tubular corrosion rate probe and
an autoclave for electrochemical
potential measurements up to 290
°C and 100 bar. In this paper, the
results of a two month monitoring
period during the plant first start-up
are presented and discussed.
Results have also been compared
to the ones obtained with the
monitoring system in a plant
conditioned with the All Volatile
Treatment, AVT.
Corrosion Rate and JOE LUX, Consultant, Massillon, Ohio
Chemical-Physical
Parameter Monitoring
During the Start-Up of the
Piombino Power Plant,
Group 4
The Impact of Computer SIDNEY T. COSTA, MEI H. HWANG, CHARLES J. McCLOSKEY, Calgon This paper represents a simplified
Models on New Plant Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania approach to matching optimum
Utility Systems pretreatment methods to a specific
site. The case histories reviewed
illustrate the benefits of this
approach. Heightened awareness
of the cost-performance of cooling
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water treatment programs led to
the development of the three-
dimensional optimization computer
model. The model is a software
program developed to help
managers of cooling water
systems to visualize their costs
across an extended spectrum of
operating variables and make
sound decisions which meet plant
performance and profit objectives.
The program models the
interrelationships of the chemical
and physical conditions in cooling
water systems and provides a
comprehensive economic analysis
of cooling operations. In addition to
the cost of treatment chemicals,
the program considers the
additional costs of system
operation such as makeup water,
pH adjustment, and blowdown.
Frequently, these operating costs
can represent more than half of the
daily cooling system operating
budget._x000D_
The program analyzes the total
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Page 3861 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-90-46 Paper
Page 3862 of 5199 01/27/2018

cost at varying ranges of system
parameters such as pH, cycles of
concentration, and target corrosion
rates and illustrates the
relationships between the
operating variables and cost in
sophisticated three-dimensional
graphic formats.
The Impact of Computer SIDNEY T. COSTA, MEI H. HWANG, CHARLES J. McCLOSKEY, Calgon
Models on New Plant Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Utility Systems
The Impact of Computer ARTHUR J. FREEDMAN, Thomas M. Laronge, Inc., Califon, New Jersey
Models on New Plant
Utility Systems
Application of a Self- BYRON PERRIGO, RAYMOND M. POST, Betz Industrial, Trevose, A self-calibrating, microprocessor-
Calibrating, Micro- Pennsylvania, THOMAS CLAY, Betz Equipment Services Div., Horsham, driven metering device greatly
Processor-Driven, Pennsylvania, STEPHEN R. PAYNE, Texas Utilities Electric Company, Colorado improves the accuracy of applying
Metering Device to a Utility City, Texas scale inhibitors to the cooling
Once Through Cooling system. It accomplishes this by
System continuously adjusting the feed
rate based on actual system
demand. It monitors water flow and
modifies feed pump output as
required to maintain the proper
scale inhibitor dosage at a given
time. This automatic system also
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IWC-90-46D Report
IWC-90-47 Paper
Page 3865 of 5199 01/27/2018

monitors a secondary signal, such
as temperature and pH, and
makes adjustments to the system
based on these variables as well.
The end result of using such a
system is a more stable feed rate,
which reduces the amount of
overfeed and underfeed of scale
inhibitor dosages. The final result
is lower treatment costs and better
maintenance of heat transfer
efficiency. _x000D_
During its first year of operation at
the Morgan Creek Generating
Station, the automatic metering
device provided a 30% savings in
chemical treatment costs because
of its more precise control of scale
inhibitor dosage compared to
traditional, manual methods.
CHRISTINE STUART, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois
Microprocessor Based DAN MORRIS, Morr Control, Inc., Muskogee, Oklahoma, JOANNE KUCHINSKI, Automated chemical feed control
Cooling Tower Controls - Drew Industrial Division, Boonton, New Jersey has led to a more efficient use of
An Overview resources and better equipment
protection for open recirculating
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IWC-90-48 Paper
Page 3868 of 5199 01/27/2018

protection for open recirculating
cooling systems. The adaptation of
microprocessor technology to
these control functions lends itself
to additional enhancements in
efficiency and protections. These
enhancements are based on the
concepts of instant notification of
system upsets and malfunctions as
well as the ability to troubleshoot
the system from long distance.
Additionally, pertinent system data
such as conductivity readings,
chemical levels, makeup volume,
etc., may be stored on board the
controller. This data can then be
dumped to a PC to provide the
numerical basis for statistical
process analysis.
Microprocessor Based DENNIS SHEA, Monsanto Chemical Company, Alvin, Texas
Cooling Tower Controls -
An Overview
Project Discovery-Entergy JANE E. ANTOINE, GARY C. COKER, STEVEN D. LEE, G. O. SMITH, Entergy Grand Gulf Nuclear Station,
Operations' Program for Operations, Port Gibson, Mississippi GGNS, has developed and
Evaluating Water implemented an evaluation
Treatment Proposals process which more accurately
determines the performance of a
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IWC-90-48AC Prepared Discussion
IWC-90-50 Paper
Page 3871 of 5199 01/27/2018

determines the performance of a
proposed water treatment program
without jeopardizing plant
equipment. A scale model cooling
system was designed, built and
then used at GGNS to select a
treatment program as part of a bid
process.
Project Discovery - JANE E. ANTOINE, GARY C. COKER, STEVEN D. LEE, G. O. SMITH, Entergy
Entergy Operations' Operations, Port Gibson, Mississippi
Program for Evaluating
Water Treatment
Proposals
Installation of a New WILLIAM GREENAWAY, Bechtel Savanah River, Inc., North Augusta, South
Secondary Chemistry Carolina
Laboratory and Data
Management System at
the Salem Nuclear
Generating Station
Automation of Total Iron MASATAKA SUDA, Kyushu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, YASUTO This paper describes a case
Concentration Monitoring FUTAGOISHI, Nikkiso Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan history of Total Iron concentration
on Start-Up of Fossil monitoring done by an on-line
Power Plants analyzer with automatic sampling
system. Principle of analyzer was
colorimetry. Sampling system
includes instruments like automatic
pressure controller, air operated
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IWC-90-51 Paper
Page 3874 of 5199 01/27/2018

valves controlled by process
signals. Automatic monitoring
showed excellent correlation
coefficient factor to laboratory
analysis.
Automation of Total Iron MASATAKA SUDA, Kyushu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, YASUTO
Concentration Monitoring FUTAGOISHI, Nikkiso Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
on Start-Up of Fossil
Power Plants
Automation of Total Iron JAN STODOLA, Ontario Hydro, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Concentration Monitoring
on Start-Up of Fossil
Power Plants
Improved Diluter Module C. RICHARD NOLAN, DAVID F. PENSENSTADLER, NUS Corporation, A remotely operated diluter module
for Sub-PPB Ion Analysis Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania has been developed which permits
in Power Plant Cycle utility laboratory ion
Water chromatography users the ability to
meet low level detection
requirements. This diluter module
permits the preparation of ppt. or
ppb. level standards automatically
without a potential of
contamination from outside
sources. This system is designed
to be used with a variety of
controllers which provide software
programmable contact closures or
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IWC-90-53 Report
Page 3877 of 5199 01/27/2018

high/low logic signals. Field tests
have demonstrated excellent
repeatability, ease of operation,
low maintenance, and instrument
compatibility Linearity of calibration
curves in the range of 50—200
ppt. has been demonstrated for
ions of interest in power plant
samples. The capability for use
with on line or bench top ion
chromatography systems make
these diluter modules particularly
suitable for use at power plant
facilities.
Improved Diluter Module FRANCIS M. CUTLER, Southern California Edison, Paramount, California
for Sub-PPB Ion Analysis
in Power Plant Cycle
Water
Influence of Dissolved SHIRO TAYA, KATSUHIKO MOMOZAKI, Kurita Water Industries, Tokyo, Japan While using an advanced
Chemicals to Corrosion of laboratory apparatus, we have
Mild Steel in High found several new phenomena
Temperature which affect the corrosion of mild
Vapor/Condensed Water steel in high temperature
vapor/condensed water systems.
(ie. heat exchanger, low pressure
turbine etc.). Dissolved gas
(carbon dioxide, oxygen) and
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IWC-90-54 Report
Page 3880 of 5199 01/27/2018

silicate ion which were
concentrated in the condensed
water influenced the corrosion of
mild stee1. For this study, we
designed an advanced apparatus
to study high temperature
vapor/condensed water
characterization and the
corre1ation between the corrosion
of mild steel and the chemical
species in condensed water.
Based on new phenomena we
found, have developed a new
corrosion control program with
very low volatile amines.
Cycle Chemistry and F. SIGON, C. ZAGANO, ENEL/DSR-CRTN, Milano, Italy, G. QUADRI, The intrusion of cellulose and ion-
Diagnosis for Resin ENEL/DCO-ULP, Piacenza, Italy exchange powdered resins into the
Intrusion in Once Through cycle has been investigated, to
Fossil Power Plants with provide the basis for the evaluation
AVT/CWT Conditioning in of the phenomenon and its
Plant Evaluations diagnosis in once-through fossil
power plants with all-volatile
treatment, AVT, and combined
water treatment, CWT, cycle
chemistry. The thermal stability of
these materials, some hypothesis
on the decomposition products
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IWC-90-56 Report
IWC-90-57 Report
Page 3883 of 5199 01/27/2018

generated and their fate in the
plant are discussed.
A Unique Empirical EVERETT J. FULLER, Consultant, Drew Industrial Division, Boonton, New Laboratory and field studies of a
Method for Defining Jersey, DOUGLAS B. DEWITT-DICK, Drew Industrial, Boonton, New Jersey, volatile oxygen scavenger have
Concentrations of Volatile GARRY L. WHEELER, Kansas City Power & Light, Kansas City, Missouri produced an equation which
and Non-Volatile Boiler defines the concentration of any
Water Additives in Steam species from start-up through
Generating Systems steady-state operation. The
equation is universally useful
whether the species is volatile or
non-volatile, and it accounts for
chemical reactions in the boiler.
Steam Cycle Passivation J. A. KELLY, C. M. HWA, J. C. FAN, Dearborn Division, W.R. Grace & Company, This paper has summarized results
and Corrosion Protection Lake Zurich, Illinois, K. L. ROSSEL, Dearborn Chemical Company, Canada which demonstrate that
in Boiler Systems diethylhydroxylamine, DEHA, is a
superior alternative to other
oxygen scavengers and metal
passivators. DEHA has been
shown to have the unique property
of being steam volatile such that it
can be distributed throughout the
condensate system. It provides
corrosion inhibiting properties by
scavenging oxygen effectively, and
it enhances passivation._x000D_
Laboratory results using
electrochemical techniques have
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demonstrated the passivating
effect of DEHA. Other oxygen
scavengers were much less
effective or did not show this
ability. Its success appears related
to the adsorption of the molecule
on the surface. This effect was
evident for both DEHA and
hydrazine under the conditions
tested.Plant results presented here
support these statements.
Diethylhydroxylamine reduced
corrosion rates, oxygen levels, and
metal oxides returned to the boiler.
Improved passivation of the
economizer resulted in reduced
corrosion of the metal surface and
of iron loading to the boiler,
enhancing equipment life
expectancy. Condensate system
protection was achieved by
maintenance of a DEHA residual.
It can also be used for lay-up of
boilers and during alkaline boil-out
after acid cleaning. In both
situations, DEHA has been shown
to be effective and enhance
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Page 3888 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-90-58 Paper
IWC-90-58D Report
IWC-90-59 Report
Page 3889 of 5199 01/27/2018

passivation.
An ASTM D2777-86 BEN C. EDMONDSON, Inquiry Computer Systems, Ltd., San Louis Obispo, The authors describe a PC
Based PC Program for California, L. W. STANTON, California State University – Fullerton, Placentia, computer program that supports a
Evaluating Collaborative California, R. F. MADDALONE, TRW Inc, Redondo Beach, California, JAMES K. faithful implementation of ASTM
Laboratory Method RICE, Consultant, Olney, Maryland, WINSTON CHOW, Electric Power Research Publication D2777-86, “Standard
Performance Institute, Palo Alto, California Practice for Determination of
Precision and Bias for Applicable
Methods of Committee D-19 on
Water”, with a number of helpful
extensions, designed for analyzing
collaborative laboratory data from
Youden pair replicate designs,
including curvilinear regressions
for precision and bias as well as
testing for matrix effects.
An ASTM D2777-86 Dr. ROBERT J. FAUST, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Based PC Program for
Evaluating Collaborative
Laboratory Method
Performance
Continuous On-Line MIKE E. ROGERS, ANANTH VENKATRAMAN, DAVE BRYENTON, Syncrude This progress report outlines the
Monitoring of H2S and Canada Ltd., Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada efforts being undertaken by
Combustible Gases in Syncrude Canada Ltd. to
Cooling Water continuously, monitor cooling
water for the presence of
combustible gases, hydrogen and
hydrogen sulphide. The Syncrude
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Page 3892 of 5199 01/27/2018

hydrogen sulphide. The Syncrude
process cooling water system can
become contaminated with any of
the above substances. Hydrogen
and other combustible gases can
cause explosions and fire at the
cooling tower itself and it is
therefore essential that their
presence in the cooling water be
detected as early as possible. A
search of the market failed to
obtain any standard equipment for
the continuous on-line
measurement in cooling water of
hydrogen sulphide. Efforts were
therefore directed towards
adopting other existing,
commercially available,
instrumentation. An instrument
designed specifically for measuring
Hydrogen sulfide in drilling muds is
being experimented with. The
instrument makes use of the
different states in which sulfur can
exist in water as a function of pH.
Between a pH of 8 and 12 all of
the total soluble sulfur exists as
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Page 3894 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-90-60 Report
IWC-90-61 Report
Page 3895 of 5199 01/27/2018

hydrogen sulfide . The instrument
therefore uses a sensor to
measure the amount of Hydrogen
sulfide present in the water.
High-Rate Sub-Micron DANIEL J. KELLY, ALAIN BLAIS, Sonitec, Inc., Holyoke, Massachusetts This progress report will describe
Vortisand Filter the high rate sub-micron filtration
technology which directs the feed
flow downward in a vortex over a
deep bed sand filter. Two case
histories will be discussed: (1) five
micron side-stream filtration for
cooling tower. (2) low micron
filtration of waste water to allow
replacement of city water for a
bearing quench in a steel mill.
Problems in the Use of Oil MICHAEL W. VERA, Mt. Poso Operating Company, Bakersfield, California This paper described operating
Field Water as Makeup to experience at a cogeneration
a Cogeneration Plant plant, Mt, Posa, CA with a coal
fired fluidized bed boiler which
used produced water for makeup.
The water treatment plant removed
residual oil by induced air flotation
and clarification. Most of the
clarifier effluent was used as
cooling tower makeup and the rest
was treated with aluminum
chloride coagulant and filtered to
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IWC-90-62 Report
IWC-90-63 Report
Page 3898 of 5199 01/27/2018

meet the feed water requirements
of the reverse osmosis system and
polishing counter-flow
demineralizers. Several
operational problems were
discussed with oil contamination
as the mostly usual due to
overloading the pretreatment
system.
Chemical Changes in KAROL DAUCIK, Skaerbaekvaerket I/S, Fredericia, Denmark This paper discussed the
Water/Steam Cycle of deterioration in feedwater purity
Fossil Power Plants under due to ionic contaminant release
Cycling Conditions - from deposits with load variations
Danish Contribution to and shutdowns/startups in Danish
EPRI RP 2712-3 fossil power plants, which was
linked to off-load corrosion. Acid
conductivity transients at various
locations around the steam system
were observed with load changes.
Corrective actions included full
flow condensate polishers with
draining and washing steam cycle
components back to the
condensers
A Performance Driven HOWARD KLEE Jr., Amoco Oil Company, Whiting, Illinois, MICHAEL A. After several years of deteriorating
Approach to Cooling WINTERS, Amoco Research Center, Naperville Illinois, cooling water performance, Amoco
Water Treatment Oil Company’s Whiting Indiana
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Evaluation Refinery sought new chemical
treatment proposals. This paper
presents a performance—driven
evaluation of the Refinery’s
approach involving a three—step
process as follows:_x000D_
(1) Developing an explicit bid
specification based upon specific
operating performance and
monitoring requirements tailored to
worst—case treatable cooling
water conditions._x000D_
(2) Providing adequate field data
for vendor proposals_x000D_
(3) Evaluating competitive vendor
bid proposals by quantifiable
assessment and decision
analysis._x000D_
Since completing the treatment
evaluation process, the selected
cooling water treatment program
has been fully implemented in
three of five cooling water
systems. After approximately 12
months service, these systems
show substantially improved
operating performance and
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IWC-91-01 Paper
IWC-91-02 Paper
Page 3904 of 5199 01/27/2018

significantly reduced treating costs.
None RITA SCHMIDT SUDMAN, Water Education Foundation, Sacramento, California
First Year's Operation of GEORGE C. FLYNN, The Permutit Company, Inc., Warren, New Jersey, T. K. A report on the results of an
Alternative Demineralizer SPAULDING, PSI Energy Inc., Plainfield, Indiana inspection outage of the shallow
Technology at PSI bed demineralizer installed at PSI
Energy's Edwardsport Energy Edwardsport Generating
Generating Station Station. Resin condition and
system performance are analyzed
after the first year of operation in
central station utility boiler
feedwater treatment.
Remote Monitoring and CHARLES M. CUMMINGS, Fluid Systems Corporation, San Diego, California
Performance of Ultrapure
Make-Up System at Surry
Nuclear Station
First Year's Operation of KENNETH H. FREDERICK, Ion Exchange Associates, Inc., Reading,
Alternative Demineralizer Pennsylvania
Technology at PSI
Energy's Edwardsport
Generating Station
Ammonia Regeneration of JOSEPH F. SELANN, DAVID BROMLEY Engineering (1983) Ltd., Edmonton, The two primary objectives of the
Weak Based Anion Alberta, Canada, DILIP P. DESHPANDE, Alberta Power Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta, research project were to develop
Exchangers in Utility Canada procedures for the more effective
Plants removal of organics from boiler
make up water supplies and to
increase the life of weak base
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None
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IWC-91-04 Report
Page 3907 of 5199 01/27/2018

anion resins. To accomplish this,
the operating parameters of weak
base anion exchange materials
were investigated and the
performance of sodium hydroxide
and ammonium hydroxide
regenerated resins were
compared. The organic removal
efficiency of ammonium hydroxide
regenerated weak base anion,
WBA, resins is as good and in
many cases superior to that of
sodium hydroxide regenerated
WBA resins. The resin bed rinse
down characteristics and the total
rinse water requirements of WBA
resins regenerated with
ammonium hydroxide are
significantly better than those of
standard sodium hydroxide
regenerated resins.
Ammonia Regeneration of DAVID C. AUERSWALD, Southern California Edison, Paramount, California
Weak Based Anion
Exchangers in Utility
Plants
Design and Start-Up of the JULIUS ISAAC, JOSE P. LOZADA, Ebasco Services Inc., New York, New York Ocean State Power (OSP) is a
Zero Discharge Facility at two-unit, gas-fired, combined-cycle
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Page 3910 of 5199 01/27/2018

Ocean State Power electric generation facility in
Burrillville, Rhode Island, The
source of raw water for the plant is
located some 12 miles away,
requiring a distant intake structure
and a booster station. Due to the
remoteness of the water source
and environmental considerations,
the “zero liquid discharge”
approach was taken. This
incorporated a multitude of water
and wastewater treatment
technologies, including raw water
pretreatment clarification/filtration,
ion exchange, waste
neutralization, cooling tower side-
stream softening, vacuum filtration,
electrodialysis, evaporation,
crystallization, centrifuge, and oil-
water separators. The
technologies are fully integrated for
the purpose of maximizing water
recycle/reuse and the removal of
salts and contaminants in a form
suitable for off-site disposal. This
paper describes the design
features that are essential to
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IWC-91-05 Report
Page 3913 of 5199 01/27/2018

ECLSS Water Processor CLARENCE D. COLLEY, Boeing Defense and Space Group, Huntsville, This report is about an automobile
Multifiltration Unibeds Alabama manufacturing company, Ford
Used Aboard United Motor Company and the
States Space Station countercurrent demineralizers they
Freedom use in the process of preparing
and painting auto bodies.
Demineralized water is used to
rinse the bodies, and as make up
to the electrostatic paint applied
prior to the final finish paint. A
typical Ford assembly plant has a
fairly large makeup requirement
and includes a two train two bed
weak base demineralizer, with
carbon filters for pretreatment. Of
the 21 assembly plants in North
America, 14 are the up-flow
service, packed bed,
countercurrent design, known as
“CF” demineralizers. Five (5)
plants are co-flow designs, and
two are using mobile
demineralizers for their D.I. water
requirements. Most are dual unit
two beds with weak base anion
resin, and carbon filters for
pretreatment.
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IWC-91-06 Report
IWC-91-07 Report
Page 3916 of 5199 01/27/2018

The Synthesis of WANG ZU-MO, CHEN KANG, East China University of Chemical Technology, The synthesis of isopropenyl
Organophosphonic Shanghai, People's Republic of China phosphonic acid, IPPA, has been
Polymers and Research of studied and the structure of IPPA
their Abilities to Control demonstrated. Polyphosphonic
Corrosion and Scale acid, PIPPA, IPPA/Acrylic acid and
IPPA/Hydroxypropylacrylate
copolymers have been obtained.
Their abilities to control corrosion
and scale have been evaluated.
The results show that
homopolymer and copolymers are
excellent corrosion or scale
inhibitors.
New Pitting Corrosion DAN P. VANDERPOOL, SUSAN P. REY, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, The corrosion of 90/10 Cu/Ni in
Inhibitor for 90/10 Cu/Ni in Pennsylvania cooling waters is not adequately
Cooling Tower Service controlled by conventional azole
Waters treatments. Pitting attack, even
with high concentrations of
tolyltriazole, is common even in
relatively non-aggressive waters.
Indeed, tolyltriazole may enhance
pitting. We have found that sulfate
and chloride together increase the
pitting tendency in contrast to the
general corrosion caused by each
alone. We have also discussed a
new corrosion inhibitor program
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IWC-91-08 Report
Page 3919 of 5199 01/27/2018

which reduces the pitting corrosion
in a broad range of cooling waters.
Surface Analytical REIMER HOLM, DAVID A. BERG, Mobay Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,
Investigation of Triazole JOHANNES EICKMANS, DIETER HOLTKAMP, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, XPS, laser micro mass analysis,
Inhibitor Layers on Brass Germany, HEINZ-JOACHIM ROTHER, Bayer AG, Krefeld-Uerdingen, Germany LAMMA, and secondary ion mass
spectroscopy,TOF—SIMS.
Nevertheless, zinc represents the
weak point in the protection of
brass. In the competition between
the corrosion reaction and the
inhibitor film build up, the
equilibrium is shifted more to the
corrosion reaction in the case of
Zn than in the case of Cu.
Therefore, in order to get sufficient
corrosion protection of brass, the
inhibitor concentration has to be
increased. Otherwise,
dezincification is observed. Since
butylbenzotriazole, BBT, adsorbs
more slowly on metal surfaces
than tolyltriazole, TT, it must be fed
at even higher concentrations than
TT to prevent dezincification of
brass. For brasses higher in Zn
than admiralty brass, which
contains 27% Zn, and in highly
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IWC-91-10 Report
Page 3922 of 5199 01/27/2018

corrosive environments (synthetic
sea water, 50°C), it may be difficult
to supply enough BBT molecules
to achieve inhibition through the
build up of a protective
quasipolymeric film, whereas TT
still does provide protection.
An Experimental Study of JAMES C. BELLOWS, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Orlando, Florida
the Volatility of Ammonium
Chloride from Aqueous
Solutions to High
Temperatures
Zinc Based Corrosion JEFFREY STEWART, Pennsylvania Power Company, Shippingport, The Bruce Mansfield Plant
Inhibitor Study at the Pennsylvania experienced had significant
Bruce Mansfield Plant corrosion problems in the House
Water System, HSW, system.
Based on the recommendation of
our plant water consultant,
research began into the use of a
zinc based corrosion inhibitors,
consisting of zinc chloride and a
polymer dispersant, in the system.
Zinc based inhibitors were chosen
because they offered the most
favorable economics. A small
cooling loop within the Unit #2
HSW, system was isolated and
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IWC-91-11 Paper
Page 3925 of 5199 01/27/2018

chemically cleaned in preparation
of a once through test program.
The result, a drop in general
corrosion rates from the initial 40
mils per year, mpy, to 3 mpy, were
successful enough to attempt to
replicate them on an entire unit. At
the end of the initial analysis
period it was determined that while
overall results had been positive it
was necessary to stabilize the
program and it would be
advantageous to reduce the total
amount of zinc being fed. Attempts
to accomplish this have included
increasing the dispersant to zinc
ratio and the addition of a two
parts phosphate to one part zinc in
the product. Both have had a
positive influence on lowering and
stabilizing the corrosion rates and
allowing a reduction in total zinc
fed, while resulting in moderate
increases in the total cost of the
program.
Operating Experience of a DAVID B. MALKMUS, South Carolina Electric & Gas Company, Jenkinsville, This paper dicusses a full size piot
Full Size Reverse South Carolina, JAMES C. CHEN, Petrolite Equipment & Instruments Group, plant (25 gpm) utilizing the reverse
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IWC-91-12 Report
Page 3928 of 5199 01/27/2018

Osmosis (R.O.) Plant for Houston, Texas osmosis, RO, process for silica
Silica Removal from the removal from the borated water
Borated Water Streams in streams in both the spent fuel pool
a Nuclear Power and the refueling storage tank as
Generating Station well as recovering boron for reuse.
Operating Experience of a RICK LESAN, Hydranautics, San Diego, California
Full Size Reverse
Osmosis (R.O.) Plant for
Silica Removal from the
Borated Water Streams in
a Nuclear Power
Generating Station
Desalting Brackish Water MICHAEL L. WISDOM, Destec Energy, Inc., Houston, Texas, PHIL V. QUALLS, Replacement of brackish water
with Seawater Membranes West Texas Utilities Co., Vernon, Texas membranes with seawater
membranes at West Texas
Utilities’ Oklaunion Power Station
has resulted in significant savings
in plant operating and
maintenance costs and improved
the overall reliability of the reverse
osmosis system. This system
demineralizes a hard, brackish
surface water containing 4500
mg/L of dissolved solids. Permeate
from the reverse osmosis system
is feed water to the plant’s ion
exchange system. The
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IWC-91-13 Paper
Page 3931 of 5199 01/27/2018

performance of the reverse
osmosis system before and after
the refit, the modifications required
for the refit, and the economics of
the refit are described.
Triple Membrane Makeup HENRY C. VALCOUR, Jr., Ionics, Incorporated, Watertown, Massachusetts The purpose of this paper is to
Water Treatment at Four report the results of triple
Nuclear Power Plants membrane operations at the
following four nuclear
stations._x000D_
Arkansas Nuclear One,
Russellville, AR — ANO_x000D_
Grand Gulf Nuclear Station, Port
Gibson, MS - GGNS_x000D_
North Anna Nuclear Station,
Mineral, VA - NAPS_x000D_
Farley Nuclear Plant, Columbia,
AL FNP_x000D_
The author has purposely not
presented a complete detailed
description of triple membrane
technology which has been
adequately covered in the
referenced presentations. A brief
equipment overview is included in
order to provide an update on triple
membrane design features.
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IWC-91-14 Report
IWC-91-15 Paper
Page 3934 of 5199 01/27/2018

Triple Membrane Makeup TIM BASHFORD, Hewlett-Packard, Boise, Idaho
Water Treatment at Four
Nuclear Power Plants
Benefits of Replacing Two- CHARLIE HENRY, T.U. Electric, Dallas, Texas, STEVE PARKER, T.U., Electric - TU Electric, Stryker Creek
Bed IX with Two-Pass Stryker Creek SES, Jacksonville, Texas, DEAN REED, Medro Systems, Inc., Generating Station recently
Reverse Osmosis in High McKinney, Texas replaced two-trains of two-bed
Pressure Drum Boiler exchangers with one two-pass
Application for the Power reverse osmosis system. This
Utility Industry report will outline the history
surrounding the decision in
addition to supplying before and
after data regarding system
performance, water qualities
achieved and operating cost
comparisons.
Remote Monitoring and WILLIAM S. MILLER, Ecolochem, Inc., Norfolk, Virginia, BASIL L. BELSCHES, For the past 4 years, all of Virginia
Performance of Ultrapure ED BRENNAN, Virginia Power Company, Surry, Virginia Power’s Surry Nuclear Station
Make-Up System at Surry make-up water requirements have
Nuclear Station been provided by a mobile service
company. In 1990, water treatment
system upgrades were made to
include reverse osmosis
technology. Additional in-line water
quality monitoring for sodium,
TOC, and cation conductivity was
added, along with an a remote
data acquisition system was
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Page 3937 of 5199 01/27/2018

data acquisition system was
installed so that system
performance could be monitored
24 hours per day at the mobile
service company’s dispatch center.
This System provides not only real
time data, but also generates
historical reports and trend graphs.
Automatic call-ins not only indicate
that the system has shut down, but
will also display the parameter
value which caused the system to
alarm. Information such as system
water quality, flow rates,
pressures, percent rejection and
percent recovery for the reverse
osmosis unit is reported._x000D_
This presentation will describe the
design and performance of the
current make-up system, the
QA/QC program for the in-line
instruments, and provide examples
of the data acquisition system
capabilities.
Remote Monitoring and WILLIAM S. MILLER,, Ecolochem, Inc., Norfolk, Virginia, BASIL L. BELSCHES,
Performance of Ultrapure ED BRENNAN, Virginia Power Company, Surry, Virginia
Make-Up System at Surry
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IWC-91-16 Paper
Page 3940 of 5199 01/27/2018

Nuclear Station
Future Direction of Cycle A. F. ASCHOFF, Sargent & Lundy, Chicago, Illinois, R. B. DOOLEY, Electric The Electric Power Research
Chemistry Based on an Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California Institute, EPRI, cycle chemistry
Extensive Monitoring program for fossil-fired power
Program plants was initiated with the
development the “Interim
Consensus Guidelines” in 1986
and the “Instrumentation and
Control Guidelines” in 1987. This
development was followed a
detailed project of monitoring cycle
water chemistry in four fossil-fired
plants. The technical objectives of
this monitoring project were to
monitor the major parameters of
cycle water chemistry in a range of
fossil-fired plants, and compare the
monitored parameters with the
“Interim Consensus Guidelines on
Fossil Plant Cycle Chemistry”, and
to recognize any deficiencies or
unachievable targets in those
guidelines. This paper will present
the major results and conclusions
from the monitoring program and a
parallel international program.
Based upon this information, the
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IWC-91-17 Paper
Page 3943 of 5199 01/27/2018

Based upon this information, the
paper will describe the future
direction envisaged for fossil plant
cycle chemistry with a view toward
achieving the EPRI goals
previously cited.
Future Direction of Cycle DONALD D. GOLDSTROHM, Salt River Project, Saint Johns, Arizona
Chemistry Based on an
Extensive Monitoring
Program
Boiler Pressure Drop: F. SIGON, ENEL/CRTN, Milano Italy, G. QUADRI, ENEL/Construction ENEL research and long term
Review of ENEL Cycle Department, Piacenza, Italy plant experiences on the effect of
Chemistry Experience the cycle chemistry on the boiler
pressure drop increase with
operation time are reviewed. The
information refers specifically to
fossil fired power plants with AVT
cycle chemistry and once-through
and drum boilers. The most
relevant chemistry parameters are
considered to look for correlations
and to focus possible mechanisms
for the phenomenon.
Boiler Pressure Drop: F. SIGON, ENEL/CRTN, Milano Italy, G. QUADRI, ENEL/Construction
Review of ENEL Cycle Department, Piacenza, Italy
Chemistry Experience
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IWC-91-18 Paper
Page 3946 of 5199 01/27/2018

Boiler Pressure Drop: GEORGE J. VERIB, Ohio Edison, Stow, Ohio
Review of ENEL Cycle
Chemistry Experience
Laboratory Scale Modeling A. C. McDONALD, D. J. KOTWICA, S. B. PRUETT, B. L. TRACY, Betz The localized corrosion of mild
of Localized Corrosion in a Laboratories, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas steel boiler generating tubes was
Coordinated Phosphate investigated in a model steam
Program at Severe generator at 2500 psig with
Operating Conditions aggravated boiler chemistry.
Corrosion tests were conducted
under “non nucleate” boiling
conditions and at elevated
concentrations of sodium
phosphate salts. The high heat
and concentration of boiler water
species created a localized zone
where corrosion occurred. This
damage was identified by
metallurgical examination as
caustic gouging similar to that
observed in field boilers. In
addition, bulging, creep cracks, in-
situ oxide formation,
transformation products (reformed
pearlite), and carbide
spheroidization indicated that a
severe metal overheating. The
testing revealed that the severity of
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Page 3949 of 5199 01/27/2018

testing revealed that the severity of
metal loss was a function of the
high phosphate concentration and
Marcy—Halstead
sodium/phosphate ratio. At boiler
water pH 10, pressure 2500 psig,
and significant metal loss due to
caustic gouging occurred in as little
as 50 hr. of operation. The severity
of the gouging increased at high
sodium phosphate levels and low
ratios. The corrosion and metal
loss in the presence of phosphate
is thought to be the result of
“phosphate wastage” — whereby
sodium phosphate salts react with
magnetite. Corrosion and metal
loss were not observed at boiler
water pH 8 or 9 even at high
orthophosphate levels, or at
normal control boundary levels of
pH and phosphate. The results of
this study are related to
coordinated phosphate treatment
and control of boiler water
chemistry.
Laboratory Scale Modeling OTAKAR JONAS, Jonas, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware
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IWC-91-19 Paper
Page 3952 of 5199 01/27/2018

of Localized Corrosion in a
Program at Severe
Operating Conditions
Laboratory Scale Modeling JAMES K. RICE, James K. Rice, Chartered, Olney, Maryland
of Localized Corrosion in a
Program at Severe
Operating Conditions
Carbon Dioxide and Fossil ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim AG, Mannheim, Germany Carbon dioxide is one of the
Plant Cycle Chemistry possible fossil plant cycle
contaminants. Until now, plant
cycle chemistry guidelines don’t
include any limitation concerning
carbon dioxide content in water
and steam. Carbon dioxide ingress
paths, appropriate measures for
precluding and controlling
contamination, and carbon dioxide
behavior in the plant cycle are
subject of the discussion as well as
possible monitoring techniques.
Carbon Dioxide and Fossil ALBERT BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim AG, Mannheim, Germany
Plant Cycle Chemistry
Carbon Dioxide and Fossil JAN STODOLA, Ontario Hydro, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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IWC-91-20 Report
IWC-93-06 Paper
IWC-91-21 Paper
Page 3955 of 5199 01/27/2018

New Electrode Pair for MARTIN S. FRANT, CHARLES S. BAER, Orion Research, Inc., Boston,
Measurement of Parts Per Massachusetts
Trillion Sodium Ion in High
Purity Water Systems
Steam Blow Cleaning of CHRISTOPHER BLOCH, Dowell Industrial Services, Kingwood, Texas,
Superheaters and FREDRICK MACK, Jr., Duke Power, Charlotte, North Carolina
Reheaters to Remove
Exfoliating Deposits
The Use of a Continuous KAJ D. RONDUM, WINSTON S. GO, Drew Industrial Division, Ashland The effective monitoring and
On-Line Chemical Chemical, Inc., Boonton, New Jersey, JOHN C. HENIGIN, AMETEK Process & tracking of oxygen scavenger
Reductant Analyzer for Analytical Instruments Div., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania levels is crucial to the reliable
Effective Monitoring and operation of steam generating
Control of Oxygen systems. By relating oxygen
Scavenger Dosing scavenger residuals to chemical
feed rates, product dosages can
be optimized. The functionality of a
precise and accurate
measurement of the methyl ethyl
ketoxime reductant species
utilizing a continuous on-line
reductant analyzer within a fossil-
fired unit will be presented.
The Use of a Continuous KAJ D. RONDUM, WINSTON S. GO, Drew Industrial Division, Ashland
On-Line Chemical Chemical, Inc., Boonton, New Jersey, JOHN C. HENIGIN, AMETEK Process &
Page 3956 of 5199 01/27/2018

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IWC-91-22 Paper
IWC-91-23 Report
Page 3958 of 5199 01/27/2018

Reductant Analyzer for Analytical Instruments Div., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Effective Monitoring and
Control of Oxygen
Scavenger Dosing
The Use of a Continuous DAVID F. PENSENSTADLER, Halliburton NUS Environmental Corp., Pittsburgh,
On-Line Chemical Pennsylvania
Reductant Analyzer for
Effective Monitoring and
Control of Oxygen
Scavenger Dosing
Iodine-Bias Analyzer for WAYNE B. HUEBNER, Wallace & Tiernan, Belleville, New Jersey The ability to monitor chlorine and
Monitoring and Control of sulfite residuals is essential for
Chlorine and Sulfite reliable low level de-chlorination
Residuals control. The iodine bias analyzer
provides accurate information on
the success of the process and the
level of safety. The presentation
will review de-chlorination,
introduce the analyzer concept,
and report on field applications.
Iodine-Bias Analyzer for EARL L. HENN, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Monitoring and Control of
Chlorine and Sulfite
Residuals
Advances in the Use of ERIC V. MAUGHAN, Krohne (Pty) Ltd., Halfway House, South Africa, GERHARD The implication of dissolved
Membrane Technology for GERICKE, GERRIT W. LOK, ESKOM, Cleveland, South Africa carbon dioxide as a cause of
the On-Line stress corrosion cracking of low-
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Page 3960 of 5199 01/27/2018
IWC-91-24 Report
Page 3961 of 5199 01/27/2018

Measurements of pressure turbine disks has led to
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide the development of an on-line
at the UgKg-1 Level in analyzer for its measurement in
Ultra Pure Water steam condensate. The technique
uses measurement of the
difference in sample resistivity
across a gas-permeable
membrane..
The Treatment and MAREK K. MIERZEJEWSKI, Infilco Degremont Inc., Richmond, Virginia The 1990 Amendments to the
Disposal of Wastewaters Clean Air Act will result in many
from Flue Gas coal-fired power stations installing
Desulfurization Plant wet limestone scrubbers for Flue
Gas Desulfurization, FGD. While
producing calcium sulfite and
sulfate as reaction products, these
systems may also produce a
concentrated wastewater stream
requiring special treatment prior to
disposal. Experience with FGD
wastewater treatment in Germany
is reviewed and various options
discussed, including evaporation/
crystallization and total dissolved
solids removal to achieve a zero
discharge standard,
The Treatment and MAREK K. MIERZEJEWSKI, Infilco Degremont Inc., Richmond, Virginia
Disposal of Wastewaters
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IWC-91-25 Paper
IWC-91-25D Paper
Page 3964 of 5199 01/27/2018

from Flue Gas
Desulfurization Plant
The Treatment and EDGAR G. PAULSON, Edgar G. Paulson, P.E., Richmond , Virginia
Disposal of Wastewaters
from Flue Gas
Desulfurization Plant
Toxics Reduction DANIEL C. FINN, THOMAS J. O'TOOLE, DENNIS R. SHAFER, The Chester A Toxics Reduction Evaluation.
Evaluations Procedures Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania TRE, is an engineering Study
and Case Histories which functions to identify the
presence or absence of specific
toxic pollutants in a facility’s
discharge (as defined by the state
permitting authority), and if
present, to evaluate the use of
control techniques to reduce or
eliminate the discharge of the toxic
pollutants into surface waters at
concentrations exceeding
established water quality criteria.
TRE’s within the past two years for
clients located in Pennsylvania are
presented in this paper, with
guidance on conducting such
studies.
Toxics Reduction WALTER ZABBAN, The Chester Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Evaluations Procedures
and Case Histories
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IWC-91-33 Report
IWC-92-42 Report
IWC-91-26 Report
Page 3967 of 5199 01/27/2018

and Case Histories
Approach to Chemical J. J. BURCHILL, E. J. FULLER, Drew Division of Ashland Chemical, Boonton, Chemical additive concentrations
Steady-State in Steam New Jersey in a system at steady-state can be
Generating Systems calculated, but the values during
startup or shutdown depend on the
volume holdups of boiler,
condensate and deaerator. By
treating these volumes in series,
we have closely predicted
operating data under conditions far
from steady-state.
Investigation of a Fouling YASUHIRO NOHATA, Hakuto Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, HIROSHI TAGUCHI, Mie Industrial water case histories
Sensor System University, Mie, Japan illustrate application of a new ultra-
Constructed with sensitive fouling sensor system to
Piezoelectric Quartz detect fouling at the ealiest time
Crystals with ease. This system contains a
piezo-electric quartz crystal as a
detector. It becomes possible to
detect the tendency for formation
of fouling within one to six days.
Water Purification System HIDEAKI KUROKAWA, TOSHIO SAWA, Energy Research Laboratory, Hitachi A new water purification
by Distillation Using Ltd. Ibaraki, Japan, NOBUATSU HAYASHI, HIROAKI YODA, Tsuchiura Works, technology, distillation using a
Hydrophobic Membrane Hitachi, Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan hydrophobic membrane, has been
developed. This system is
composed of a degassing part and
a membrane distillation part. In the
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Page 3970 of 5199 01/27/2018

former, many kinds of volatile
matter are removed by
evaporation. The non volatile
matter, however, remain. This feed
water is transported to the
membrane distillation part and
distilled. There, the materials
included in the gas phase are only
water vapor and small droplets of
water (mist), because volatile
matter has been removed
previously. As the small mist
droplets accompanied by feed
water are filtered by the
hydrophobic membrane, ultrapure
water which includes very few
impurities is produced because
only very pure vapor is condensed
at the cooled surface.
Experimental equipment was
fabricated, and its characteristics
were studied. Ultrapure water was
produced by this system using
reverse osmosis treated water as
feed, and the resistivity of this
water was over 18.1 megohm-cm.,
and total organic carbon, TOC,.
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Page 3972 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-91-27 Report
Page 3973 of 5199 01/27/2018

Selective Ion Exchange F. X. McGARVEY, D. TAMAKI, Sybron Chemicals, Inc., Birmingham, New Jersey Disposal regulations for hazardous
Resins for Toxic Metal metals have gained world wide
Removal attention in recent years. The
development of selective ion
exchange materials has provided a
means to meet the low
concentration standards for many
metals. This paper will give
technical data on selective resins
for copper, nickel, zinc and
chromium. Results of a study with
electrodeless copper will be
summarized. Economics of typical
processes for metal treatment will
be given. Suggestions for future
usage of these resins will be
considered.
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IWC-91-28 Report
IWC-91-30 Paper
Page 3976 of 5199 01/27/2018

Tapered Mixing Improves YONG H. KIM, CARL L. BRAZELTON, Stranco, Inc., Bradley, Illinois There are many kinds of mixing
the Polymer Performance equipment available for polymer
in Wastewater Treatment mixing in the field, they can be
classified into three major groups:
batch mixing, static mixing, and in-
line mixing with mechanical
impellers. This paper presents a
brief theoretical overview on the
characteristics of polymeric
flocculants, followed by the
discussion of three mixing systems
for polymer mixing. New mixing
equipment utilizing the concept of
tapered mixing is introduced with
its proven benefits, which include
the wider applicability and the
significant improvement in the
performance of high molecular
weight polymers.
Experience of Reactor KATSUJI MAEDA, MASAHIRO NAKAMURA, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama, Keeping the reactor water quality
Water Quality Japan, KATSUMI NAGASAWA, Toshiba Engineering Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, in high purity is necessary to
Improvement in BWR YASUMICHI HIRAHARA, TOSHIAKI SAKAI, KAZUYUKI HARAGUCHI, Tokyo increase plant availability and
Plants Electric Power Company, Tokyo, Japan minimize stress corrosion cracking,
SCC, in the primary cooling
system, fuel performance
degradation and radiation buildup.
Therefore it is very important to
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Page 3979 of 5199 01/27/2018

keep good reactor water quality
during the plant operation and
startup periods._x000D_
Generally reactor water
conductivities have deteriorated
during the startup period. On the
other hand, reactor water
conductivities differ from plant to
plant during the normal operating
condition. Ion impurities in the
reactor water were measured
specifically during the startup and
norma1 operating periods. During
the startup period, sulfate ion was
the main impurity in the reactor
water. Sulfate ion is produced by
decomposition of the leachable
sulfonates from the condensate
demineralizer, CD, cation
exchange resins. Furthermore,
residual sulfuric acid will be carried
into the reactor from feedwater
because of inadequate CD rinsing
after chemical regeneration.
Countermeasures have been
carried out to reduce sulfates and
sodium to decrease reactor
Page 3980 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 3981 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-91-31 Paper
IWC-91-32 Paper
Page 3982 of 5199 01/27/2018

conductivities.
Experience of Reactor KATSUJI MAEDA, MASAHIRO NAKAMURA, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama,

Water Quality Japan, KATSUMI NAGASAWA, Toshiba Engineering Corporation, Tokyo, Japan,
Improvement in BWR YASUMICHI HIRAHARA, TOSHIAKI SAKAI, KAZUYUKI HARAGUCHI, Tokyo
Plants Electric Power Company, Tokyo, Japan
Experience of Reactor JOHN M. RIDDLE, Halliburton NUS Environmental Corporation, Pittsburgh,
Water Quality Pennsylvania
Improvement in BWR
Plants
History Case - Global CLAUDIA RIBEIRO, SAMUEL SID, Copesul-Companhia Petroquimica Do Sul,
Treatment for Steam Triunfo, RS, Brasil
Generation and
Distribution System
Global Treatment for HAROLD CHAGNARD, The Dow Chemical Company, Plaquemine, Louisiana
Steam Generation and
Distribution System
An Experimental Study of J. M. SIMONSON, DONALD A. PALMER, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Measurements of the volatility of
the Volatility of Ammonium Ridge, Tennessee ammonium chloride are being
Chloride from Aqueous carried out in a platinum-lined
Solutions to High autoclave to 350 degrees C by
Temperatures sampling the liquid and vapor
phases. Hydrochloric acid,
ammonia, and ammonium chloride
in the vapor phase all change
predictably with temperature,
solution concentration and pH.
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IWC-91-34 Paper
Page 3985 of 5199 01/27/2018

This EPRI project is to determine
quantitatively the partitioning of
chloride under all-volatile
treatment, AVT, and at lower
temperatures found in steam
turbines near the Wilson line.
An Experimental Study of J. M. SIMONSON, DONALD A. PALMER, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
the Volatility of Ammonium Ridge, Tennessee
Chloride from Aqueous
Solutions to High
Temperatures
Life Prediction of Ion ICHIRO INAMI, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan, YOSHITAKE In order to predict the ion
Exchange Resins in BWR MORIKAWA, KATSUJI MAEDA, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama, Japan, exchange resin life in the boiling
Condensate Demineralizer TAKESHI IZUMI, HIDEO KAWAZU, Ebara Corporation, Fujisawa, Japan water reactor, BWR, oxidative
degradation accelerated with iron
catalyst has been studied.
Parametric tests were
implemented using hydrogen
peroxide at various concentrations,
temperatures, volume ratios to
resin and immersion times.
Experiment results indicated that
the amount and molecular weights
for leachables released from cation
exchange resin samples,
increased with the water retention
capacities indicating the
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IWC-91-35 Paper
Page 3988 of 5199 01/27/2018

degradation level. Since the water
retention capacity for cation
exchange resin used in BWRs
increases with operation period
regularly, the leachables from the
resin would be also changed with
operation period quantitatively and,
qualitatively. Therefore, it is
expected to be able to predict the
remaining effective life time for
cation exchange resin, according
to leachable releasing data for
actual resin degraded by
accelerated oxidation, and the
criteria for impurity release.
Life Prediction of Ion ICHIRO INAMI, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan, YOSHITAKE
Exchange Resins in BWR MORIKAWA, KATSUJI MAEDA, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama, Japan,
Condensate Demineralizer TAKESHI IZUMI, HIDEO KAWAZU, Ebara Corporation, Fujisawa, Japan
Life Prediction of Ion PHILIP J. D'ANGELO, Philadelphia Electric Company, Wayne, Pennsylvania
Exchange Resins in BWR
Condensate Demineralizer
The Impact of a WILLIAM L. TRACE, JOHN D. ZUPANOVICH, JOHN W. BISH, Calgon Condensate polishers in utility
Passivating Agent on Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania boiler systems use ion exchange
Condensate Polishing Ion resin to insure the production of
Exchange Resins high quality feedwater. The fairly
recent use of volatile organic
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IWC-91-36 Report
Page 3991 of 5199 01/27/2018

oxygen scavengers/passivating
agents has raised concerns about
the effect that these materials have
on ion exchange resin. The
objective of this study was to
evaluate the effect of catalyzed
hydroquinone on condensate
polisher resins. The work covered
laboratory evaluations on strong
acid cation gel types (8% and 10%
divinylbenzene cross-linking),
strong base anion Type 1 gel, and
strong base anion Type 1
macroporous resins. The field
portion evaluated strong acid
cation gel type resin (10% DVB)
and strong base anion Type 1 gel
resin.
The Impact of a M. A. SADLER, Consultant, Bristol, England
Passivating Agent on
Condensate Polishing Ion
Exchange Resins
Powdered Ion Exchange BRUCE L. LIBUTTI, KURT BOZENMAYER, Graver Chemical, Division of the Many pressurized water reactor
Resin Performance in Graver Company, Union, New Jersey operators have switched from
Morpholine Treated ammonia to morpholine. Certain
Condensate ion exchange resins have shown
high selectivity for sodium over
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IWC-91-37 Report
IWC-91-38 Report
Page 3994 of 5199 01/27/2018

morpholine. The performance in
laboratory tests of powdered resin
precoats made from the selective
resin is compared in this paper to
industry standard precoats under
various operating conditions.
Why Morpholine JOHN E. KRISTENSEN, New York Power Authority, Buchanan, New York This paper discussed the
implementation of all-volatile
treatment, AVT, in the Indian Point
Three Nuclear Power Plant. The
history of modifications to the
secondary system and chemistry
programs was reviewed, including
boric acid treatment. and
subsequently boric acid and
morpholine treatment. A major
concern was the condensate
polisher performance and this
required resin evaluations and
close supervision of polisher
operations by the Chemistry
Department.
Strategies for the RICHARD W. LUTEY, Buckman Laboratories International, Memphis, Due to the inaccessibility of sulfate
Mitigation of MIC in Tennessee, PAMELA J. ALLISON, Buckman Laboratories (Pty) Ltd., reducing bacteria, SRB, beneath
Industrial Water Systems Hammarsdal, Natal, South Africa biofilm and tubercles, many
microbiocide treatments fail to
control microbiologically influenced
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Page 3997 of 5199 01/27/2018

corrosion, MIC, in industrial
process water systems.
Recognition of the inability of most
microbiocides to penetrate slime
masses and tubercles stimulated
interest in compounds capable of
penetrating and dispersing the
deposits protecting the SRB.
Biodispersants can be used on a
continuous or intermittent basis to
enhance the effectiveness of the
microbiocide treatment. Sessile
bacterial biofilm populations are
dispersed/or loosened from
surfaces into the bulk water,
thereby exposing the under-
deposit corrosion sites (pits) to
biocide-containing circulating
water._x000D_
Removal of iron corrosion by-
products (tubercles), which protect
the SRB can be achieved by a
number of methods, both
mechanical and chemical. The
latter include a short term shut
down aggressive chemical
cleaning, a short term shut-down
Page 3998 of 5199 01/27/2018

Page 3999 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-91-40 Report
Page 4000 of 5199 01/27/2018

non-aggressive chemical cleaning,
and a long term on-line non-
aggressive chemical treatment.
Laboratory and field data (case
histories) are presented which
demonstrate successful strategies
for the mitigation of MIC in
industrial process water systems.
Cooling Tower Biofouling CATHERINE BOLIN, Duke Power Company, Clover, South Carolina, GARY A study was initiated at Catawba
Control: A Case History WARD, Duke Power Company, Charlotte, North Carolina, JOHN DERWORT, Nuclear Station to evaluate a new
Duke Power Company, Huntersville, North Carolina biofouling and sludge control
program to correct a problem with
mud and silt in cooling tower
basins. This was a comparative
study using the old program of
chlorination and biocide additions
in Unit 2 and the new program of
chlorination and dispersant
additions in Unit 1 cooling towers.
This report will review and
compare these two programs and
the results that have brought us to
our present program of control.
Recent Improvements in CARL C. SCHEERER, Central Illinois Public Service Company, Springfield,
Deep Bed Separation Illinois
Technology
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IWC-91-41 Paper
Page 4003 of 5199 01/27/2018

An Environmentally Sound DAVE KARLOVICH, JOE KOSTYAL, Betz Industrial, Trevose, Pennsylvania, In response to increasing
Alternative for LAURA WEBER, GPU Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant, Middletown, pressures from environmental
Microbiological Control in Pennsylvania agencies, safety coordinators, and
Power Plant Cooling insurance companies, power
Systems plants and industrial facilities have
begun to explore alternatives to
chlorine gas for microbiological
control. At the Three Mile Island
nuclear plant, chlorine gas
systems were successfully
replaced with periodic feeding of
biodegradable cationic surfactants.
advantages of non-oxidizing
biocides. It also details the
environmental aspects of the
biodegradable cationic surfactants
that have been used very
successfully as an alternative to
oxidizing biocide approaches at
the GPU Three Mile Island Nuclear
Station.
An Environmentally Sound DAVE KARLOVICH, JOE KOSTYAL, Betz Industrial, Trevose, Pennsylvania,
Alternative for LAURA WEBER, GPU Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant, Middletown,
Microbiological Control in Pennsylvania
Power Plant Cooling
Systems
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IWC-91-42 Report
IWC-91-43 Report
Page 4006 of 5199 01/27/2018

An Environmentally Sound ANON
Alternative for
Microbiological Control in
Power Plant Cool1ng
Systems
Practical Approach for J. FRED WILKES, Consulting Chemical Engineer, Titusville, Florida, RENATO Industrial cooling water, oil field
Monitoring Biofilms, ARAUJO DA SILVA, Aquatec Quimica S.A., Sao Paulo, Brasil, HECTOR flood water case histories illustrate
Microbiological Corrosion AUGUSTO VIDELA, INIFTA - Faculty of Exact Sciences, Universidad, Nacional application of a new microbially
de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina influenced corrosion, MIC,
biofouling monitor to collect biofilm
and corrosion samples. Scanning
electron microscopy, SEM,
observations of biofilm, passive
layers and metal attack, plus
energy dispersive X-ray,EDAX,
analyses of biological and
inorganic deposits show good
correlation between biofouling and
corrosion attack on carbon steel.
Biocide effects on biofilm,
corrosion control are disclosed.
Electron Microprobe D. HARTWICK, Dearborn Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, J. Electron microprobe analysis of
Analysis of Zinc and RICHARDSON, D. LITTLE, Dearborn Division, W.R. Grace, Lake Zurich, Illinois, mild steel surfaces has shown
Molybdate Films on Mild M. PETERS, W.R. Grace & Company, Columbia, Maryland preferential deposition of zinc and
Steel Surfaces molybdate. Molybdate has been
shown to accumulate selectively in
anodic zones irregardless of its
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IWC-91-44 Report
IWC-91-45 Report
Page 4009 of 5199 01/27/2018

bulk water concentration. A variety
of different samples were analyzed
to verify this behavior.
Case History - PAUL R. PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Inc., Evergreen, Colorado, The Corrosion Control Program
Investigation, Inspection TAMMY O. BRICE, Gulf States Utilities - River Bend, St. Francisville, Louisiana developed at River Bend
and Treatment Program addressed the short term as well
Developed for Nuclear as the long term issues. Upon
Service Water Cooling discovery of the system condition,
System Corrosion Control the water treatment program was
optimized and corrosion rates on
mild steel coupons were reduced
from approximately 30 mils per
year, mpy to 5 mpy. A system
monitoring program was initiated to
evaluate changes in system
condition over time.
Maintaining Efficiency of ROY BOLTON, CEDRIC MARSON, NEI Thompson Kennicott, Ettingshall, Uncharacteristic decreasing plant
an Electrochlorination Wolverhampton, West Midlands, United Kingdom, JAMES W. BESS, Jr., operating efficiency with time was
Disinfection System CHARLES D. ELLINGSON, DAVID W. HILL, Eltech International Corporation, observed at Dungeness Nuclear
Operating in Adverse _x000D_ Power Station after
Seawater Conditions Sugar Land, Texas commissioning. The problem was
identified as an operating
deficiency in the electrochlorination
system on the seawater cooling
water caused by high levels of
suspended solids and scale
deposits on the electrodes . The
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IWC-91-46 Report
IWC-91-47 Report
Page 4012 of 5199 01/27/2018

various remedial actions
considered and the final solutions
implemented by a concerted team
effort of client, designers and
suppliers were reviewed.
Ramifications for other similar
installations are considered.
Water Treatment with GERALD F. CONNELL, W. BLAIR JONES, Capital Controls Company, Inc. In water treatment the addition of
Liquid Chlorine (Direct Colmar, Pennsylvania liquid, elemental chlorine direct to
Feed of Elemental, Liquid water eliminates costly
Chlorine into Water) complicated steps of vaporization,
and gas feed and control. In
addition to saving energy in the
form of power, the technique
eliminates extensive service and
maintenance needs. Technical
details will be discussed and
application situations reviewed.
Computerized Ion ROBERT J. FERGUSON, French Creek Software, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania This paper describes the
Association Model Profiles application of a microcomputer, PC
Complete Range of based software system to
Cooling System establishing operating parameter
Parameters limits for open recirculating cooling
systems. The software used
evaluates recirculating water
chemistry over the typical, user
defined, operating range of
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Page 4015 of 5199 01/27/2018

concentration ratio, temperature,
and pH to provide an in-depth,
panoramic estimation of deposition
potentials. The deposition
potentials calculated for a cooling
water are based upon the free
concentration of reactants and
account for common ion effects.
The approach of profiling the entire
operating range using an ion
association model overcomes two
criticisms of water chemistry
evaluations and their applicability
towards predicting scale problems
in a system and comparing indices
versus results between cooling
systems. Examples are presented
which compare the indices
calculated by traditional methods
to those done using an in-depth,
panoramic profile over the typical
operating range for a cooling
system.
Alcan Sebree Water BOB ROSAIN, CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Washington
Systems - Zero Discharge
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IWC-91-48 Paper
Page 4018 of 5199 01/27/2018

Copper Problems at THOMAS FITZSIMMONS, Basin Electric Power Cooperative, Bismarck, North The Laramie River Station has low
Laramie River Station Dakota, BRIAN LARSON, Basin Electric Power Cooperative, Wheatland, pressure feedwater heaters tubed
Wyoming, STEVEN T. ARRINGTON, Halliburton Industrial Services, Duncan, with Arsenical Admiralty brass and
Oklahoma, LAWRENCE SLABODNIK, Halliburton Industrial Services, Brighton, high pressure feedwater heaters
Colorado tubed with 70-30 Copper-Nickel.
Because of corrosion of these
tubes, the three units of the station
underwent a copper deposition
process first noticed with the boiler
feedpumps strainers and
progressing to the tubeside of the
heaters, then to the secondary
superheater and the boilers where
deposits led to caustic gouging
and outages because of tube
failure, and finally, in two of the
units, to the high pressure turbines
causing substantial loss in
generating capacity. Chemical
cleaning by ammonia and
ammonium bicarbonate followed
by oxygen removed the copper
from the boiler, and the in-situ
cleaning with foamed ammonia
and ammonium bicarbonate
alternating with foamed hydrogen
peroxide removed the copper
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IWC-91-49 Paper
Page 4021 of 5199 01/27/2018

oxide from the turbine and restored
full generating capacity. The
station has instituted a corrosion
product transport monitoring
program, and has taken steps to
reduce air in-leakage and to
protect the copper alloys of the
feedwater heaters during
shutdowns.
Copper Problems at W. B. WILLSEY, W.B. Willsey Associates Inc., Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Laramie River Station
Neutral pH Process for KURT D. HEINZ, Dearborn Division, W.R. Grace & Company, Lake Zurich, A major concern in the
On-Line Cleaning and Illinois, J. A. GRAY, Dearborn Chemical Co. Ltd. (Canada), Mississauga, maintenance of multi-metal hot
Passivation of Hot and Ontario, Canada and chilled water systems is the
Chilled Water Systems removal of corrosion products.
Conventional cleaning methods
use inhibited mineral acids and/or
chelants which pose
environmental, safety and
corrosion concerns. A recent
development in cleaner technology
has resulted in a process which
safely removes corrosion products
on-line, at a neutral pH and
passivates the system, thus
preventing flash rusting. Three
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IWC-91-50 Report
IWC-91-51 Report
Page 4024 of 5199 01/27/2018

preventing flash rusting. Three
case studies are reported and
discussed which demonstrate the
viability of this technology.
Neutral pH Process for ARTHUR J. FREEDMAN, Thomas M. Laronge, Inc., East Stroudsburg,
On-Line Cleaning and Pennsylvania
Passivation of Hot and
Chilled Water Systems
Corrosion, Cleaning and ANGELA ERVIN, KATHLEEN HARDY, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, In an effort to control corrosion of
Preventing it: The Navy's DC the copper surfaces in Navy VLF
Water Cooled VLF power amplifier tubes, a chemical
Transmitters cleaning method to remove the
CuO build-up was developed along
with a corrosion-inhibiting nitrogen
purge system. These two efforts
have reduced corrosion to less
than one-hundredth of previous
levels.
In-Place Chemical DENNIS JONES, Monongahela Power Company, Willow Island, West Virginia, The Willow Island station is
Cleaning of Stainless Steel RALPH E. MICKEL, Epicor, Incorporated, Linden, New Jersey composed of (2) supercritical
Condensate/Demineralizer boilers with Allis Chalmers
/ Filter Elements Using turbines, each rated at 626 MW,
"Sodium Hydrosulphite" installed in 1978/1980. Studies
were conducted to determine the
best solvent that could be used to
restore the filter elements of the
condensate polishers to their
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IWC-91-52 Report
IWC-91-53 Paper
Page 4027 of 5199 01/27/2018

original condition. This report
presents both lab and plant data
utilizing different cleaning solvents
for removing the red iron oxide
deposits.
Turn-Key Chemical EDWARD W. EKIS, Jr., Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois, JOSEPH This paper describes field proven
Cleaning Operations in A. KOWALEWSKI, KENNETH W. AUGUSTINE, Entergy Operations, Inc., technology capable of meeting
Nuclear Plant Safety- Arkansas Nuclear One, Russelville, Arkansas strict acceptance criteria normally
Related Service Water required in nuclear service water
Systems chemical cleaning, and outlines the
major engineering and logistical
requirements for a turn-key
cleaning job. Discussion includes a
review of sampling and
qualification testing. Engineering,
materials testing, personnel, and
waste disposal requirements are
reviewed. Plant specific data is
presented from cleaning of service
water and auxiliary cooling water
systems at Arkansas Nuclear One,
Units 1 & 2.
The Optimization of the J. IRVING, Purolite International Limited, Pontyclun, Wales The effect of narrow size
Separation of Component distribution on the separation of
Ion Exchange Resins in component resins in mixed beds is
Mixed Bed Exchangers described. Novel choices of
particle size ranges of components
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IWC-91-54 Paper
Page 4030 of 5199 01/27/2018

of similar grading have enabled
faster more efficient separations to
be achieved on backwashing.
These advantages are attributed to
the reduction or elimination of
hindered settling.
The Optimization of the FRANCIS CUTLER, Southern California Edison Company, Paramount, California
Separation of Component
Ion Exchange Resins in
Mixed Bed Exchangers
Recent Improvements in MICHAEL J. O'BRIEN, The Graver Company, Union, New Jersey Condensate polishing performance
Deep Bed Separation criteria have become more and
Technology more stringent over the years.
Today, the requirements for ultra-
high condensate purity place
extreme demands on condensate
polishing systems. The main thrust
of this paper is to discuss recent
improvements in deep bed
separation equipment design
which allow systems to
consistently achieve and maintain
the resin separation required to
produce the target feed water
quality for today’s high pressure
boilers and steam generators. A
brief overview of the separation
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IWC-91-55 Paper
Page 4033 of 5199 01/27/2018

requirements, as a function of
sodium leakage, selectivity and
amine concentration, is presented
to provide the reader with an
appreciation of the system
demands.
Deionized Water for PETER MEYERS, L*A Water Treatment Corporation, City of Industry, California This report is about an automobile
Painting Cars manufacturing company, Ford
Motor Company and the
countercurrent demineralizers they
use in the process of preparing
and painting auto bodies.
Demineralized water is used to
rinse the bodies, and as make up
to the electrostatic paint applied
prior to the final finish paint. A
typical Ford assembly plant has a
fairly large makeup requirement
and includes a two train two bed
weak base demineralizer, with
carbon filters for pretreatment. Of
the 21 assembly plants in North
America, 14 are the up-flow
service, packed bed,
countercurrent design, known as
“CF” demineralizers. Five (5)
plants are co-flow designs, and
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IWC-91-56 Paper
Page 4036 of 5199 01/27/2018

two are using mobile
demineralizers for their D.I. water
requirements. Most are dual unit
two beds with weak base anion
resin, and carbon filters for
pretreatment.
Deionized Water for M. B. YELIGAR, Permutit Company, Inc., Warren, New Jersey
Painting Cars
Use of Elevated pH and WAYNE CICCARELLI, Westinghouse Nuclear Services Division, Pittsburgh, Power plant experience has
Cation Resin for the Pennsylvania, JOEL McELRATH, Palisades Chemistry Dept./Consumers Power indicated that presence of copper/
Removal of Residual Company, Covert, Michigan copper based alloys in the
Copper from a PWR secondary system enhances
Feedwater System steam generator corrosion in
nuclear and fossil power plants.
Corrosion-preventive work was
accomplished at the Palisades
nuclear site to augment steam
generator longevity by removal of
residual copper from
hotwell/feedwater piping surfaces
by an ammonia presoak at pH 11
followed by a recirculation and
removal of copper by a pre-treated
cation resin demineralizer.
Use of Elevated pH and WAYNE CICCARELLI, Westinghouse Nuclear Services Division, Pittsburgh,
Cation Resin for the Pennsylvania, JOEL McELRATH, Palisades Chemistry Dept./Consumers Power
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IWC-91-57 Report
IWC-92-01 Paper
Page 4039 of 5199 01/27/2018

Cation Resin for the Pennsylvania, JOEL McELRATH, Palisades Chemistry Dept./Consumers Power
Removal of Residual Company, Covert, Michigan
Copper from a PWR
Feedwater System
Use of Elevated pH and J. MICHAEL HOSEA, Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc., Las Cruces, New Mexico
Cation Resin for the
Removal of Residual
Copper from a PWR
Feedwater System
Crud Removal TAKESHI IZUMI, HIDEO KAWAZU, MASAHIRO HAGIWARA, KAZUMI Crud removal performance on the
Characteristics of Newly MAEHARA, Ebara Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan, YOSHITAKE MORIKAWA, newly developed ion exchange
Developed Ion Exchange TAKAO BABA, ICHIRO INAMI, Toshiba Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan, AKIRA resins was studied by the hot
Resins (2nd Report) MATSUMOTO, Dow Chemical Japan Limited, Shizuoka, Japan column test for two years. Then
the resins were charged in the
BWR plant under the operating
condition and the studies have
been carried out since January
1991. The results show excellent
performance and the studies
continue.
None MARK S. SINGEL, Pennsylvania Lieutenant Governor
Kinetic Evaluation of RONALD N. WHITE, BRIAN D. BURNS, THOMAS K. MALLMANN, Illinois Water Previous work in this field has
Cation Exchange Resin Treatment, Inc., Rockford, Illinois demonstrated that a batch reactor
Used in High Purity Water could be used to measure the
Applications exchange rates of ion exchange
resins, but did not correlate the
test results to column or equipment
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IWC-92-02 Report
Page 4042 of 5199 01/27/2018

test results to column or equipment
performance. This paper expands
upon the previous work and
demonstrates that kinetic
evaluations can yield useful
information about the resin’s
performance, which cannot be
obtained from conventional
analytical techniques, such as
measuring percent moisture and
total capacity. This paper
describes the equipment and
procedures of the test and explains
how it was used to evaluate resin
performance in a high purity water
system at a semiconductor
manufacturing facility.
Kinetic Evaluation of PETER S. MEYERS, L*A Water Treatment Corporation, City of Industry,
Cation Exchange Resin California
Used in High Purity Water
Applications
Analysis of Nonvolatile NAOHITO UETAKE, HIDEAKI KUROKAWA, TOSHIO SAWA, Energy Research An ultra pure water droplet was put
Organic Impurities in Ion Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki-ken, Japan on a silicon wafer and dried.
Exchanged Ultra Pure Residues were analyzed by mass
Water spectrometry and other methods.
An aromatic compound which
contained nitrogen was detected.
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IWC-92-03 Report
IWC-92-04 Paper
Page 4045 of 5199 01/27/2018

This compound was considered to
be a derivative from the anion
exchange resin which was used in
the ultra pure water production
process.
PPQ Water - The Next MICHAEL A. SADLER, ROY BOLTON, E. K. BULLAS, Thompson Kennicott, In the near future users of
Challenge! Rolls Royce Nuclear Engineering Limited, West Midlands, England ultrapure water will be seeking
ionic impurity levels of less than 1
ppt, part per trillion. Consideration
has therefore been given to further
reducing ionic impurity leakages
from mixed beds and it is
considered that more attention
must he paid to regenerant
residuals. Results of experiments
investigating this contention will be
reported.
Alcan Sebree Water MORRIS LEE, Alcan Ingot, Henderson, Kentucky, LOIS NEIL, Calgon Alcan Aluminum operates a
Systems - Zero Discharge Corporation, Evansville, Indiana smelter and casting plant in
Western Kentucky. The facility
includes potable water production,
process and domestic wastewater
treatment, a 1.5 M.G.D., million
gallon/day, plant, with a casting
recirculating water system and
land irrigation. Zero discharge to
any receiving stream has been
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IWC-92-05 Report
Page 4048 of 5199 01/27/2018

accomplished with this multi-
faceted system.
Conquering Unique ALBERT D. OWENS, Cyrus Rice Consulting Group, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, This paper hopefully demonstrates
Design Problems of a Zero TORRY TVEDT, Jr., Dow Chemical U.S.A., Freepont, Texas the importance of a team,
Discharge at a World approach in developing such a
Class Petrochemical Plant complex system design. Which
systems were ultimately selected
for this project are not as critical to
this paper as the approach used
by the team members. It was
learned during this project key
considerations for designing a zero
discharge system must include:•
The dedication of the operating
company to achieving the goal of
no site discharge; A team
developed plan outlining the
responsibilities to be assumed by
each group and their ability to
complete them; A method to
assure necessary interactions
whenever needed between groups
is always available; Avoidance of
any unnecessary meetings such
as to “just kick around where we
are” Specific goals of completing
interrelated portions of the project
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IWC-92-06 Report
Page 4051 of 5199 01/27/2018

on time so other groups are not
delayed; The ability of each group
to be able to contribute their own
skills to the team effort; and.
Having the resources available,
including research capabilities,
process knowledge, and water
engineering abilities.
Optimize Design of Zero PRABHAT KUMAR SINHA, ALEXANDER V. SUPERFIN, RONALD P. BOYD, The paper lists the water quality
Discharge Water Bechtel Corporation, Gaithersburg, Maryland limits that have to be considered in
Management Systems by slaking lime and the utilization of
Integration with Spray concentrated wastewater for the
Dryer Type FGD System dilution of lime slurry and solids
recycle slurry makeup stream to
the flue gas desulfurization ,FGD,
spray dryers. The lime slaker
typically requires a fresh or a low
total dissolved solids, TDS, water
source. This increases the
complexity of combined
wastewater management when
plant loads are reduced and
wastewater inventories have to be
quickly reduced. Maintaining zero
discharge of wastewater under
these operating conditions,
therefore, requires strict control of
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IWC-92-07 Paper
Page 4054 of 5199 01/27/2018

water inventories and the
maximum recycle of wastewater
elsewhere in the systems. This can
be done by designing wastewater
processing equipment with some
redundancy and flexibility as well
as abundant storage capacity. A
discussion of the various
wastewater streams generated in a
power plant with pulverized coal,
PC, fired boilers is presented to
provide the basis for combining
and segregating wastewater
streams for treatment. This also
presents the guidelines for
optimizing wastewater treatment
systems and reducing wastewater
handling.
Cooling Water Scale WILFRED OLSON, BRIAN VESTBY, SaskPower, Boundary Dam Power Station, The purpose of this paper is to
Control Using Liquid CO2 Saskatchewan, Canada discuss the results obtained from a
test using liquid carbon dioxide
injection into the cooling water
system at lignite fired SaskPower’s
Boundary Dam Power Station for
pH control. The reservoir water
used for a makeup has a high
calcium carbonate scaling index
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IWC-92-08 Report
Page 4057 of 5199 01/27/2018

potential. Detailed quantitative and
qualitative results are discussed,
and on-line acid cleaning costs are
compared to with the cost of liquid
carbon dioxide injection.
Cooling Water Scale WILFRED OLSON, BRIAN VESTBY, SaskPower, Boundary Dam Power Station,
Control Using Liquid CO2 Saskatchewan, Canada
Cooling Water Scale BILLY FELLERS, CHARLES HENRY, Texas Utilities Generating Company, Glen Test results obtained from two
Control Using Liquid CO2 Rose, Texas separate mobile test units were
used to confirm the reliability of a
computer modeling program which
was used to accurately predict
dosage for a specific scale inhibitor
with varying water conditions in a
once-through cooling system at
Houston Lighting and Power’s W.
A. Parish Station.
Condenser Cooling Water MARTIN W. PATE, Calgon Corporation, Friendswood, Texas, BILLY G. Test results obtained from two
Scale Inhibition at Houston MARTIN, Houston Lighting and Power, Houston, Texas, BARBARA H. separate mobile test units were
Lighting & Power, W. A, McCLUNG, Calgon Corporation, Midland, Texas used to confirm the reliability of a
Parish Station - Computer computer modeling program which
Simulation versus On-Site was used to accurately predict
Results dosage for a specific scale inhibitor
with varying water conditions in a
once-through cooling system at
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IWC-92-09 Paper
Page 4060 of 5199 01/27/2018

A. Parish Station.
The Effects of Cooling E. HOBSON, G. A. FITCHETT, National Power PLC, Harrogate, United Kingdom To date National Power has had
Water Quality on Cooling mixed experience with the
Tower Plastic Pack operation of its plastic packed
Fouling in National Power cooling towers. However, where
Electricity Generating problems have occurred these
Plants have generally been associated
with the influx of high
concentrations of silt in the cooling
water make-up resulting in
unacceptable pack fouling rates
and reduced operational life.
Considerable effort has gone into
the understanding and control of
the problem and this has resulted
in the recommencement of the
packing program at the company’s
largest power station. In addition
techniques have been developed
for the cleaning of fouled packs
which has enabled the thermal
performance benefit of plastic
packing to be maintained and
avoid the economic penalty of
repacking at inopportune times.
The Effects of Cooling PAUL PUCKORIUS, Puckorius & Associates, Evergreen, Colorado
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IWC-92-10 Report
Page 4063 of 5199 01/27/2018

Water Quality on Cooling
Tower Plastic Pack
Fouling in National Power
Electricity Generating
Plants
Pre-Treatment of Raw WILLIAM L. TRACE, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Water for Improving
Performance of Fertilizer
Plant
Cleaning the Water at a MICHAEL SICINSKI, Pure Air, Allentown, Pennsylvania, DAVID LAVALLE,
Clean Air Plant: Early Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Merrillville, Indiana, MAREK K.
Operating Data from the MIERZEJEWSKI, Infilco Degremont Inc., Richmond, Virginia
Nipsco Bailly FGD
Plant
Practical Application of KENNETH R. WEISS, THOMAS R. GUENTHER, Black & Veatch, Overland The Florida Power Corporation
Targeted Chlorination Park, Kansas, CLIDE M. FORTE, PHILIP D. LANCASTER, Florida Power (FPC) Anclote Station is a two unit,
Corporation, St. Petersburg, Florida 1,100 MW oil-fired power plant
cooled by a once-through
seawater cooling system. In mid-
1988, FPC initiated a project to
install a targeted chlorination
system to improve condenser
cleanliness without resulting in
residual chlorine discharges that
would violate existing permits. The
system is based on the Electric
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IWC-92-11 Paper
Page 4066 of 5199 01/27/2018

Power Research Institute (EPRI)
targeted chlorination concept and
is the first of the large-scale
permanent installations in a
seawater-cooled condenser with
copper-nickel tubing. This paper
discusses the practical application
of the targeted chlorination
concept, from the initial economic
evaluation through design,
procurement, installation, and
startup. Final project costs are
summarized and initial operating
results are presented.
Polyacrylamide Based KATSUHIKO MOMOZAKI, MAYUMI KIRA, YASUSHI MURANO, MASARU Various polymers including
Treatment Program for OKAMOTO, FUMIO KAWAMURA, Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Kanagawa, polyacrylamide(PAM),
Open Recirculating Japan polyacrylate(PAA), polymaleic
Cooling Water System acid(PMA), acrylate/2- hydroxy-3-
with High Silica Content allyloxy-1-propanesulfonate
copolymer(AA HAPS), and
sulfonated styrene/maleic acid
copolymer (SSMA) were
investigated to use as a silica
scale inhibitor in the open
with high silica content. None of
examined polymers showed a
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IWC-92-12 Paper
Page 4069 of 5199 01/27/2018

sufficient effect on maintaining
high concentrations of silica and/or
magnesium ions in solution during
the static precipitation tests, but a
PAM turned out to be a superior
inhibitor for silica scale deposition
onto heat transfer surfaces in the
course of electrically heated
fouling evaluation tests. Effects of
chemical properties of PAM were
also examined. Considering a
practical application, PAM based
new treatment program, which
enabled to operate the cooling
water systems at silica
concentration of 350 mg Si02/l was
developed and its performances in
the field have been confirmed.
Polyacrylamide Based JASBIR S. GILL, Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Treatment Program for
Open Recirculating
with High Silica Content
The Use of Anion JAMES M. SYMONS, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, PAUL L-K FU, To remove natural organic matter
Exchange Resins for the CH2M Hill, Santa Ana, California, PHILIP H-S KIM, Boyle Engineering for controlling disinfection by-
Removal of Natural Corporation, Bakersfield, California products anion exchange resins
Organic Matter from were used. Batch studies showed
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IWC-92-13 Report
Page 4072 of 5199 01/27/2018

Municipal Water ion exchange was the dominant
removal mechanism, and both
resin structure and pore size
influenced performance.
Continuous-flow studies showed
part of the natural organics less
preferred than sulfate and that
regenerant could be recycled.
The Use of Anion JAMES M. SYMONS, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, PAUL L-K FU,
Exchange Resins for the CH2M Hill, Santa Ana, California, PHILIP H-S KIM, Boyle Engineering
Removal of Natural Corporation, Bakersfield, California
Organic Matter from
Municipal Water
The Use of Anion MICHAEL C. GOTTLIEB, ResinTech, Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Exchange Resins for the
Removal of Natural
Organic Matter from
Municipal Water
The Design Methodology ROBERT HART, Conoco, Ponca City, Oklahoma, ROBERT O'CONNELL, Graver Mid-Continent Power Company
and Operating Water, Union, New Jersey has recovered an outdated 40 year
Performance of 450,000 old power station from
Barrels of Water per Day obsolescence. With the addition of
Offshore Sea Water gas-turbine-generators, heat
Injection Vacuum recovery steam generators,
Deaeration System HRSGs, and in-house modification
of existing steam turbines from 50
to 200 psi back-pressure service,
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IWC-92-14 Paper
Page 4075 of 5199 01/27/2018

the plant is again an effective
supplier of power to the local
power utility and process steam to
the adjacent industrial park.
Modernization of the aged power
station was accomplished using
creative engineering to couple
HRSGs to gas turbines for
production of power and process
steam, revitalizing of control
systems with advanced computer
technology, and partnering with
consulting services in water
systems problem assessment, risk
management, and performance
optimization.
1940's Power Plant Finds LEYON O. BRESTEL, Aquatec Chemical International, Inc., Montrose, Colorado, Mid-Continent Power Co. has
New Life in the 90's DENNIS COUSINO, Mid Continent Power Company, Pryor, Oklahoma, KEVIN upgraded a 1940’s vintage,
KURTZ, Aquatec Chemical International, Inc., Pontiac, Michigan cogeneratioo power plant to
provide process steam to an
adjacent industrial park and power
to the local utility. This paper
describes conversions and
improvements made to existing
plant and auxiliaries to meet rigid
contract requirements for quick
end reliable response to steam
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IWC-92-15 Paper
IWC-92-16 Paper
Page 4078 of 5199 01/27/2018

and power needs.
1940's Power Plant Finds LEYON O. BRESTEL, Aquatec Chemical International, Inc., Montrose, Colorado,
New Life in the 90's DENNIS COUSINO, Mid Continent Power Company, Pryor, Oklahoma, KEVIN
KURTZ, Aquatec Chemical International, Inc., Pontiac, Michigan
1940's Power Plant Finds MIKE DALTON, ChemLink, Allison Park, Pennsylvania
New Life in the 90's
Pre-Treatment of Raw S. K. CHATTERJEE, (V. N. SAHAKARI), Zuari Agro Chemicals Limited, A large fertilizer complex was
Water for Improving Zuarinagar, Goa, India affected badly due to the non-
Performance of Fertilizer availability of water pretreatment.
Plant All the drive turbines used to get
fouled and there were thrust
bearing failures due to heavy
deposits on the turbine blades.
After the installation of pre-
treatment the plant worked very
efficiently.
Oxygenated Treatment for BARRY DOOLEY, EPRI, Palo Alto, California, B. LARKIN, L. WEBB, Black & The oxygenated treatment, OT,
Fossil Plants Veatch, Kansas City, Missouri, F. POCOCK, Consultant, Casselberry, Florida, I. chemistry is a simpler and less
OLIKER, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, A. BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim, expensive chemistry to use. Major
Mannheim, Germany problem areas on AVT units have
been eliminated worldwide by
changing over to OT. EPRI has
developed a draft guidance
document for converting units to
AVT; this includes a ‘Road-Map’ of
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the steps a utility has to take prior
to and during a conversion. This
guidance document was used by
the utilities that converted units in
1991-1992. The transfer to OT in
the U.S. is being approached
cautiously, and although the
authors feel there are no potential
materials problems, each area is
being monitored carefully._x000D_
At an exchange meeting between
EPRI and its counterpart in Japan,
CRIEPI in early 1992, a list of
possible priority research subjects
was developed to advance the
understanding of the OT process.
These include: The area of turbine
chemistry and specifically the
formation of the early condensate
and deposition onto turbine parts.
Understanding the anion
adsorption and desorption
mechanisms onto/from oxide
surfaces. Understanding the
deposition processes around the
cycle. A section for application of
OT to drum units will be added to
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IWC-92-17 Paper
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the final EPRI guidance document.
Oxygenated Treatment for BARRY DOOLEY, EPRI, Palo Alto, California, B. LARKIN, L. WEBB, Black &
Fossil Plants Veatch, Kansas City, Missouri, F. POCOCK, Consultant, Casselberry, Florida, I.
OLIKER, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, A. BURSIK, Grosskraftwerk Mannheim,
Mannheim, Germany
Oxygenated Treatment for JAMES A. MATTHEWS, Duke Power Company, Charlotte, North Carolina
Fossil Plants
Oxygenated Water GEORGE J. VERIB, Ohio Edison/CMAC, Stow, Ohio, J. E. NEIDHARDT, Ohio The principal reason for
Treatment at the W. H. Edison, Stratton, Ohio, W. E. ALLMON, Babcock and Wilcox Company, Alliance, consideration of Oxygenated
Sammis Generating Ohio, D. P. WORKMAN, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, Illinois, R. B. Treatment (UT) by Ohio Edison
Station DOOLEY, EPRI, Palo Alto, California was the possibility of reducing the
frequency of chemical cleaning at
the W. H. Sammis Plant sub-
critical once-through boiler.
Reduction of chemical cleaning
frequency offered the possibility of
(a) reducing the volume and costs
for disposing of chemical cleaning
solvents and (b) reducing the costs
for labor and replacement power.
Unit 5 at the W. H. Sammis was
converted from All-Volatile
Treatment (AVT) to Oxygenated
Treatment (UT) on November 24,
1991 Unit 5 has operated
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IWC-92-18 Paper
IWC-92-19 Paper
Page 4087 of 5199 01/27/2018

successfully on OT since the
conversion. Benefits have been
reduced transport of iron to the
boilers and reduced regeneration
frequency for the condensate
polishers. The reduced iron
transport should lead to reduced
chemical cleaning frequencies in
the future.’ This paper describes
the operating experiences with OT.
Oxygenated Water BOB PALMER, T. J. WYSOCKI, Detroit Edison, Detroit, Michigan
Treatment at the W. H.
Sammis Generating
Station
TU Electric Tradinghouse MIKE WADLINGTON, MARLIN EARLY, CHARLIE HENRY, TU Electric, Dallas,
Unit No. 2 Oxygenated Texas
Treatment Test
TU Electric Tradinghouse TOM GILCHRIST, Colorado-Ute Electric, Craig, Colorado
Unit No. 2 Oxygenated
Treatment Test
EPRI Oxygenated S. RONNIE PATE, Georgia Power Company, Atlanta, Georgia, CALVIN E.
Feedwater Treatment TAYLOR, RANDY C. TURNER, TAMMY S. LOVVORN, Georgia Power
Demonstration Report for Company/Plant Wansley, Roopville, Georgia
Georgia Power Company -
Plant Wansley No. 1
EPRI Oxygenated S. RONNIE PATE, Georgia Power Company, Atlanta, Georgia, CALVIN E.
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IWC-92-20 Report
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Feedwater Treatment TAYLOR, RANDY C. TURNER, TAMMY S. LOVVORN, Georgia Power
Demonstration Report for Company/Plant Wansley, Roopville, Georgia
Plant Wansley No. 1
EPRI Oxygenated BUD HERRE, Pennsylvania Power & Light, Allentown, Pennsylvania
Feedwater Treatment
Demonstration Report for
Plant Wansley No. 1
Operating Experiences MICHAEL GOTTLIEB, ResinTech, Inc., Cherry Hill, New Jersey, KEN FLEGLE, The purpose of this paper is to
with Type 2 Resins in Energy Systems, Omaha, Nebraska, JIM CHAMBERS, ChemTreat, Inc., Omaha, shed light on the advantages of
Make Up Demineralizers Nebraska Type 2 strongly basic anion resins
in two bed make-up
demineralizers. We will show that
Type 2 resins have extremely high
regeneration efficiencies, high
operating capacities, excellent
silica leakages, excellent
resistance to organic fouling, and
economically long service lives.
Part of our discussion involves the
technology necessary to determine
the effectiveness of an aged
strongly basic anion resin that has
developed dual functionality. This
is especially important for the
proper interpretation of static
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IWC-92-21 Paper
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laboratory test data of Type 2
resins from field units._x000D_
We have examined here three
different cases where Type 2
strongly basic anion resins have
performed well in installations
where other types of resins had
previously been used. This direct
comparison with three other kinds
of resins in identical operating
conditions provided a unique
opportunity to make direct
comparisons from the user’s point
of view. Also, this study has
provided us with additional
information on the nature of the
effect of ageing on Type 2 resins in
various service conditions. We can
use this information to increase our
knowledge base and extend the
potential benefits of Type 2 resins
into other areas to provide
economically superior
performance.
Impact of a Novel Weak BILL KRATZER, Star Enterprise, Port Arthur, Texas, STEVEN COKER, Dow Star Enterprise in Port Arthur,
Base Anion Exchange Chemical U.S.A., Freeport, Texas Texas, was the site for an
Resin on the Operation evaluation of a developmental
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IWC-92-22 Paper
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and Economics of uniform particle size, macroporous,
Demineralization weak base anion ,WBA, resin. In
order to evaluate the performance
of this WBA resin in an actual field
installation, a side-by-side trial with
a standard, gaussian distributed,
macroporous WBA resin was
performed in 1990—1992. The
results of the trial indicate that the
smaller, more uniform WBA resin
produced an average of 28% more
water per exhaustion cycle than
did the larger, gaussian distributed
WBA resin. This resulted in a
regeneration cost savings of 22%
or greater than $27,000 per year.
Impact of a Novel Weak CLARENCE D. COLLEY, Boeing Aerospace, Huntsville, Alabama
Base Anion Exchange
Resin on the Operation
and Economics of
Demineralization
Ammonia Form Operation FRANK McCARTHY, Moneypoint Power Station, Kilrush, County Clare, Ireland Full flow mixed bed condensate
of Condensate Polishing polishing has been placed in
Plant for Long Periods in operation ten years after 355 MW
High pH Systems at McIntosh Unit 3 was declared
Moneypoint Power Station commercial. Studies had forecast
a savings of 1.5 million/year with
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IWC-92-23 Paper
IWC-92-24 Paper
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polisher retrofit. The first months of
operation with polishing indicates
anticipated savings will he realized
or exceeded.
Ammonia Form Operation MIKE SADLER, NEI Thompson Kennicott, West Midland, England
of Condensate Polishing
Plant for Long Periods in
High pH Systems at
Moneypoint Power Station
Cloth1ng a Naked Unit: LESTER C. WEBB, Black & Veatch, Kansas City, Missouri, RONALD W. Full flow mixed bed condensate
Condensate Polishing TOMLIN, Mcintosh Power Plant, Lakeland, Florida polishing has been placed in
Installed operation ten years after 355 MW
McIntosh Unit 3 was declared
commercial. Studies had forecast
a savings of 1.5 million/year with
polisher retrofit. The first months of
operation with polishing indicates
anticipated savings will he realized
or exceeded.
Cloth1ng a Naked Unit: LESTER C. WEBB, Black & Veatch, Kansas City, Missouri, RONALD W.
Condensate Polishing TOMLIN, Mcintosh Power Plant, Lakeland, Florida
Installed
Cloth1ng a Naked Unit:

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International Water Conference Proceedings - 1940-2009

IWC Ref. No. Presentation Type Published?

IWC-00~S09PD Panel Discussion Transcript

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IWC-00-02D Prepared Discussion

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On-line cleaning, open recirculating cooling system,

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Cooling water, film fill, biofouling, biodispersant,

Condensate polishing, Deltaflow, ion exchange, make-up,

Page 9 of 5199 01/27/2018

IWC-00-04D Prepared Discussion

IWC-00-05D Prepared Discussion

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IWC-03-04D Prepared Discussion

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IWC-00-06D Prepared Discussion

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IWC-00-07D Prepared Discussion

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Condenser, tube cleaning, heat rate, performance,

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IWC-00-11D Prepared Discussion

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Mixed oxidants, cooling tower maintenance, aerobic

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IWC-00-12D Prepared Discussion

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IWC-00-15D Prepared Discussion

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Water treatment, reverse osmosis, energy recovery,

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IWC-00-16D Prepared Discussion

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Monitoring, sample system, power cycle, cross control,

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IWC-00-17AC Authors Closure

IWC-00-17D Prepared Discussion

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System Monitoring for WILLIAM MOORE, Calpine Corp., Houston, TX

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