Medium, Climbing and Descending Turns Circuit

Basic Concepts
Training

Objectives 2. Airmanship 3. Aeroplane Management 4. Human Factors

To change direction through 360 degrees at a constant rate – using 30 degrees angle • 20° per 2 second scan technique • Smooth and positive throttle movements • 360° turns to minimise
of bank – while maintaining a constant altitude and keeping the aeroplane in balance. • Lookout and Listenout • Carb heat disorientation
• SA – 360° turns, position, altitude, weather • Turning sensation
To complete a medium turn while climbing and while descending.
• VFR minima, 5–2–1

1. Principles of Flight 5. Air Exercise

• In order to turn need to create a force towards the centre of the turn – bank the aeroplane Adverse Yaw
• HCL provides the force • Demonstration only
• VCL reduced \ more L required g increase angle of attack slightly

Entry
Medium Level Turn Climbing Turn Descending Turn
• From S+L • Establish in climb • Establish in glide
• Lookout • Lookout • Lookout
• Roll with aileron to 30° AoB • Roll with aileron to 15° AoB • Roll with aileron to 30° AoB
• Balance with rudder • Balance with rudder • Balance with rudder
• Backpressure to set attitude • Relax backpressure to maintain • Relax backpressure to maintain
– h slightly attitude – i attitude – i

Adverse Yaw
• h L on upgoing wing, also means h D i yaw
away from turn
• Rudder to balance yaw as ailerons
deflected – neutral

Overbanking
• Outer wing travels further,
tries to keep rolling
• Hold off bank with aileron
In Turn
• ‘Check’ the ailerons and maintain balance
more L, • Lookout
• Attitude
• Instruments
• Angle of bank controlled with aileron
• Altitude controlled with backpressure

Exit
• Look for reference point • Relax backpressure
• Anticipate rollout by half the angle of bank • Reset S+L attitude
Performance • Roll wings level • Check PAT
• When climbing and turning, angle of bank must be reduced Maximum of 20°, use 15° • Balance with rudder