1993CHAPTER Loads —_— FRODUCTION 1 211 Scape This chapter specifies the minimum design forces including dead load, live load, wind and earthquake loals, mcellneous toads and their varios combinations, ese loa fall be opine ee eae butting and structures in confenmance with the yenera eign eaements pied i Chae Limitations ‘ Provisions of this chapter shall generally be applied to majority of buildings and other structures subject to normally expected loading concitions. For those buildings and strtuses having ceed ee eed shapes, response characteristics o site locations, ot or thowe subject to special loading incladeng nore special dynamic or hydrodynamic loads ete, site-speciic or casespectfic data or anaipsis may be roared ddetermine the design loads on them. In such cases, and all other cases for which logds are not gpceiied ty this chapter, loading information may be obtained from reliable reterences ot apecialot naviee wesc be , sought. However, such loads shall be applied in compliance with the provisions of other sections of this Code. 22 DEADLOADS 221 General The minimum design dead load for buildings and portions thereof shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of this section. In adlition, design of the overall structure and fe poimary ieee neaeeey systems shall conform to the general design provisions given in Chapter 222 Definition Dead Load is the vertical load due to the weight of permanent structural and non-structural components of a building such as walls, floors, ceilings, permanent partitions and fixed service equipment ete 223 Assessment of Dead Load Dead load for a structural member shall be assessed based on the forces due to 1) Weight of the member itselt, Part 6 619 Structural Design224 226 227 23 231 232 233 6-20 ii) weight of all mat the member, ii) Weight of permanent partitions, iv) weight of fixed service equipment, and V) net eect of prestressing Is of construction incorporated into the building, to be supported permanently by ‘Weight of Materials and Constructions In estimating dead loads, the actual weights of materials and constructions shall be used, provided that in the absence of definite information, the weights given in Tables 62.1 and 6.22 shal be assumed fog phe pores of design Purp ig! of oe v7 Table 62.41 note y Unit Weight of Basic Materials Oe T tar Material Weight Material Weight (kNim3) AkNim?) ‘Aluminium: 27.0 Granite, Basalt 264 22 | tron cast a7 ae > Sought Ba 927 Wl Lead no 189 |] Limestone 23 2 | Marbie aa Coal, lose 33 |] Sand, cry is Concrete - stone aggregate (unreinforced) | 22.8 Sandstone © brick aggregate (unreinforced) | 20.4* Slat Copper B68 Stee! Cork, normal 1 Timber Cork, compressed 37 Zine Glass, window (soda-lime) 255 * for weinforced concrete, adel 0.63 kN/m? for each 1% by volume of main reinforcement Weight of Permanent Partitions When partition walls are indicated on the plans, their weight shall be considered as dead load acting, as concentrated. line loads in their actual positions on the floor. The loads due to anticipated partition walls, which are not indicated on the plans, shall be treated as live loads and determines! in accordance with See 2.3.33. Weight of Fixed Service Equipment Weights of fixed service equipment and other permanent machinery, such as electrical feeders and other machinery, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems, lifts and escalators, plumbing stacks and risers et. shall be included as dead load whenever such equipment are supported by structural members. ‘Additional Loads In evaluating the final dead loads on a structural member for design purposes, allowances shall be made for additional loads resulting from the () ciference between the prescribed and the actual weights ofthe ‘members and construction materials; (i) inclusion of future installations; (it) changes in. occupancy or use Of buildings; and (iv) inclusion of structural and non-structural members not covered in Sec 2.28 and 2.2.3 LIVE LOADS General The live loads used for the structural design of floors, roof and the supporting members shall be the greatest applied loads arising from the intended use or occupancy of the building, or from the stacking of materials and the use of equipment and propping during construction, but shall not be less than the minimum design live loads set out by the provisions of this section. For the desiga of structural members for forces including live loads, requirements ofthe relevant sections of Chapter | shall also be fulfilled. Definition Live load is the load superimposed by the use or occupancy of the building not including the environmental Toads such as wind load, rain load, earthquake load or dead load, Minimum Floor Live Loads ‘The minimum floor live loads shall be the greatest actual imposed loads resulting from the intended use or gecupancy of the floor, and shall not be less than the uniformly distributed load patterns specified Sec 23.3.7 of the concentrated londs specified in Sec 2.3.32 whichever produces the mest critical eect. The live fonds shall be assumed to act vertially upon the area projected on & horizontal plane.‘Chapter 2 Loads Table 6.2.2 Weight of Construction Materials ped Krynv> 24 pss Weight per] Weight per Unit Area Material Unit Area (kNim?) (kN/m?) Floor Roof (contd) Asphalt, 25 mm thick 0526 |) Ties-~ Cay ttng, 13 mm thick 0.268 terracotta (French pattern) 0375 Concrete slab (stone agareyate)* ~ concrete , 25 mm thick 0327 solid, 100 mm thi 2.360 clay tiles 06.09 solid, 150 mm thick 33340 Galvanized stel floor deck (excl. topping) | 0.147-0.383 | Walls and Partitions Magnesium oxychlorig Acrylic resin sheet, lat, per mm thickness | 0.012 orm (sawdust filler), 25 mm thick 0343 |} Asbestos cement sheeting —- heavy duty (mineral filer), 25 mm thick 0327 “45 mm thick Teerazzo paving 16 mm thick oan 60 mm thick Brick masonry work, excl. plaster Root ‘burnt clay, per 100 mm thickness Acrylic resin sh sand-lime, per 100 mm thickness 3 mmm thick, standard corrugations 0.083} Concrete (tone aggregate)* 3 min thick, deep co:tugations 0.082 100 mm thick 2.360 Asbestos coment, corrugated sheet 150 mm thick 3/540 Cine. ap and fastenings) 250 mm thick 5.900 6 thick (standard corrugations) 0.134 ]} bre insutation board, per 10 mm thickness | ~0.034 6 anim thickedeep corrugations) 0.158 |} Fibeous plaster board, per 10 mm thickness | 0,092 Aluminiunn, corrugated sheeting Glass, per 10 mm thickness 0.269 Cine tp and fastenings) Hardboard, per 10-mm thickness 061 1.2 mum thick 0.04% |} Particle or lake board, per 10 mm thickness | 0.075, m thick 0.028 |) Plaster board, per 10. mm thickness 0.092 0.6 mm thick 0.024 |} Plywood, per 10 mm thickness 0.061 Aluminium sticetepliny 1.2 mim thick 0.033 | ceiting 10m hick 0.024 |} Fibrous plates, 10 mm thick 0.081 O.8 mum thick 0.019 |} Cement plaster, 13 mm thick 0.287 Bituminous fel ply) and graved 0.431 ff Suspended metal lath and plaster 0.880 (Qwo Faced ine, studing) “4.7 mm thick 033s 915 mm thick 0671 |} Miscetlancous Stoel sheet, Mat galvanized — elt (insulating), per 10 mm thickness 0.019 1.00 mm thick 0.082} Plaster — (180 mm thick 0.067 cement, per 10 min thickness 0.230 0.60 mm thick 0.053 lime, per 10-mm thickness 0.91 Stel, galvanized sd. corrugated sheeting —- PVC sheet, per 10 mim thickness 0.133 Gin. lap and fastenings) Rubber paving, per 10 mm thickness ous 1.0 mum tick 0.120 |] Terra-cotta Hollow Block Masonry 0.8 mm thick 0.096 75 mm thick (0.6 mm thick oor 100 mm thick 150 mm thik Tor BT aapreate SOT oT Te Ted values Tay Be une floor, or a 233.2 ted Loads: The portion thereof to produce the most adver in Sec 2 ‘effects in the member concerned. The uniformly distributed load shall not be less than the values 9), applied uniformly over the entire area of the Concentrated Loads : The concentrated load to be applied non-concurrently with the uniformly distributed load given in Sec 2.3.3.1, shall not be less than that listed in Table 6.23, Unless otherwise Specified in Table6.2.3 or in the following paragraph, the concentrated load shall be applied over an area of 300 mm x.300 mm and shall be located so as to produce the maximum stress conditions in the structural members. Taare ty seer ogee lr ee sie Bangladesh National Building Code 6-21Table 6.2.3 Loads for Various Occupancies BUILDING ST TUILDING == Use of foe si’] kN || Occupancy ic of oor ks kw 1 Room, intemal corridor private | 20] 18 EB | | cient once wom. barkingrait | 30] 90" ile |B | 2 tatty. bichon sofas 2. Enter stair and eoridor 30 | 27] 2 | 3g | 9 compe. bussnessmachine wom | 2 | 96" Bedroom, tving room, bath wom. | Su} raf] Ze] Z| 4 Filewom, sting and sorage space | go | 4s 22 toe, resng rom Pia 5 Vas in fice an bank so|4s Eb] ge [2 omceroom Gs) 22] 8 ELS | 6 retephone exchange oo} as ga| 23 ae ai 3 Cafeteria, restaurant, kitchen 30] 45 |] Z Elgg | 1 Reason 40} 36 tt 2 [EE | 2 wokatesoe oso EE [4 Coridor raitsore,suicase | go} 4s |] 3 |Z g |S Sumer: tebe 218) 7 Ae heavy 120 |14.0) BE Is storerom ayes 4 |S cmmerstagton ane (LY ” T Ligh workroom witoutxonge | of 27 Bf tsecccupiny-1) a 2 Machneryall& craton area | 40] 45 =) 8 3 3 Factory, workshop et 8 [p [1 net rom,aesing wom. rien] 20 [28 | Pimane slag § [BE | vospta ward and cabin, cell Ee et ecm 60/43, Blip | eicoos Sa] 2 hwy x20 oo” E g| £8 €] 3 Xay 00m, operating wom, wits} 25] 45] 89] g Tee ote 0] 10 Sealy Bg] (com, resting room without bo Bel a Composing and inary rom | 50] 90° ZE/E EE sere Bee eae a a 8] § 8 | « cm om, mote om, tones] 30 | 27 | 2 | acon r2a} oo BE] SE E| | catctedn aaucn 28) 2 | 6 moserom. tan om ete nctusing 7.5] 25 Ee PEE] stamens nay — | a0 [4s] E| 2 | tewcemetmienscy 2 G12 2 2| 6 vatony, comidor, bby, reading] 40 | 45 || 7 Cold org, pin worge 150) 30° AW] gES.E) romvitnbook sore, saree 2 4 Storage warehouses ight 60 |45 & [EZ | 7 assembly ara tre escape, wore] so | 45 neny | 130] 90 2 [EE | womercton em | 9 Fouties 200|120 5 [EB |= sockrom ortook «I 70 2 se Sal ge] 1 emcwotstentratoneer [so] o0 S228] | chciee 3 2 5] 33 | 2 Daveway, ramp ond packing fof so] _w Egat Aeembiy rom: a) 32 3 dig ae sof a7 fa] 28 | | steer wim 200g pet ‘without fixed seat 50 [4s |] Bg] 2 | 9 Car parking and camp tor | 25] 10 § 22) 2 stages and pojeton om sofas P2S[ SS ca and ight vehicles Ano ris 2500 age] Pete oe Las fas Yt Beswomtste desingreom | 20 fw - FEE withbooksorge | 40 | 33 % | 2 Otfice wom, aft room 2s = S|8E ee 63°70 |] | $5 | 3 Kieten, uondry, tounge, game] 30], 2p = a2] EE | © roomate, esuran Bal BE | 1 winrredseas x0] 27 2 a 4 Balcony, corridor, passage way. | 4.0 [45 EL nn a) ga 25] 2S | _ seiner smicase & % _| 3 Corridor, stair and passage way 50} 45) g2f ‘escape, projection room eg gilts #3 SEP gE | 6 atom, cit at so] 90 i 381 EF 15 morn, bole room ana | 75 | as ig | machine room incoding weight i B | crmaciney 8 _Aicport hangars 70 | 120"| "Note: C1) w + Uniform ited ind in No. Ts nd sal oe ape inlcosy wt he oneal dP (©) P Adige comened adn, sume at ofa a f.00 man x30 tne evi in Ht 3) Bow {inca by Now 3), tne comenatel ane Nd tbe tre re oc tinea bgt od ‘nocd conc str ©) eadued asd of244NM? orca mee fick eight aes an 65 : ©) Se15ee2.33 ores emer nd pcg ene enced de (©) These lal sta bape over an of 750.70 mo al yes fos eng need cnc sh v4 KN Ani = 20 & 24 22Chapter 2 ‘Loads vehicle to be accommodated and applied ver an area of 750 mm x 750 mm. For the storage of private or Jeasuiretype vehicles without repair or fuelling, floors shall be investigated in the absence of the uniform pvc load, fdea minimum concentrated wheel load of 9 kN spaced 1.5 mon centres, applied over an area of 73) mm’ 780 mm. The uniform live loads for these cases are provided in Table 623. The condition of Zoncentfated or uniform live load producing the greater stresses shall govern 2.33.3 Provision for Partition Walls : When partitions, not indicated on the plans, are anticipated to be vitccal on the floors: their weight shall be inclcied swan additional live load acting as concentrated line [UaSS han arrangement prociucing the most severe effect on the floor, unless it ean be shown that a more fevourable arrangement of the partitions shall prevail during the Future use ofthe floor. Ip the aso ight partition when the total wight pet mete un net ene than SS KN, wifey {Ratebated live load may be applied on the floor few of the concentrated line loads specified above. Such dinform lve Toad per squacel etre. shall be at least 3% of the weight per metre Fun of the partitions, subject toa minimum of 1.2 kN/m? 2334 Mon his One Ostpancy: Whee mn af of foo Intend or tao nore cepa Zito a Oe Oca én TSC 65 cal be he great talus for any of the akapances Minimum Roof Live Loads m iy , Roof live loads shall be assumed to act vertically over the area projected by the roof or any portion of it upon Ree Hocatel plane and shall be: determined as specified in the following, sections pie ss 234.1 Regular Purpose - Flat, Pitched and Curved Roofs : Live loads on regular purpose roofs shall be 1 greatest applied loads produced during, use by movable objects such as planters and people, and those induved during, maintenance by workers, equipment and materials but shall not be less than those given in Table 6.2.4. ‘Table 6.2.4 Minimum Roof Live Loads”) Type and Slope of Roof Distributed Concentrated] Load, kN/m? Load kN | 1 Flat roof (slope = 0) 15 18 1, Pitched or Moped root 0 1.0) 06 09 ‘Arched roof or dome (rise 3/8 span) V Greenhouse, and agriculture buildings 05 09 VI Canopies and awnings, except those with cloth _| same as given in I through TV above covers based on’the type and slope. Note? (I) Greater of this load and rain load as specified in Sec 2.63 shall be taken as the design live load for roof. ‘The distributed load shall be applied over the area of the roof projected upon a horizontal plane and. shall not be applied simultaneously with the concentrated load. The concentrated load shall be| Assumed to act upon a 300 mim x 300 mm area and need not be considered for roofs capable of laterally Uistributing the load, ex. rwinlorced concrete slabs. 234.2 Special Purpose Roofs : For special purpose roofs, live loads shall be estimated based on the Taal wordt depencting onthe type of use, but shal not be less than the following values : 8) roofs used for promenade purposes 3.0KN/m? b) roofs used for assembly purposes. - 50KN/m? ¢) roofs used for gardens = 5.0kKN/m? (})—_toofs used for other special purposes = tobe determined as per Sec 2.35 254.3 Accessible Roof Supporting Members : Roof trusses or any other primary roof supportin Be ieee at een not prowl shall be capable of supporting safely, in adition 4 ther root loads, a concentrated load atthe locations 2s specified below Bangladesh National Building Code a235 a) Industrial, Storage and Garage Buildings - Any single panel point of the lower chord of a roof tris, or any point of other primary Took supporting member 80k b) Building with Other Occupancies - Any single panel point of the lower chord ofa roof truss, or ay point of other primary ror supporting member ~ 13kN Loads Not Specified Live loads, not specified for uses or occupancies m Sec 233.1 and 2.3.32, shall be determined from loads resulting from, a) weight ofthe probable assembly of persons; b) weight ofthe probable accumulation of equipment and furniture, and ¢) weight ofthe probable Storage of materials. Partial Loading and Other Loading Arrangements The full intensity of the appropriately reduced live load applied only tw a portion of the length or area of a structure or member shall be considered, if it produces a more unfavourable effect than the same intensity applied over the full length or area of the structure or member. Where uniformly distributed live loads are used in the design of continuous members and their supports, consideration shall be given to full dead load on all spans in combination with full live loads on acljacent spans and on alternate spans whichever produces a more unfavourable effect. 237 Other Live Loads Live loads on miscellaneous structures and components, such as handrails and supporting, members, parapets and balustrades, ceilings, skylights and supports, and the like, shall be determined fram the analysis of the actual loads on them, but shall not be less than those given in Table 625. Table 6.2.5 Miscellaneous Live Loads ‘Structural Member or Component Live Load (Nim) T._Hlandrails, parapets and supports a) Light access stairs, gangways etc. Sy widths 06m ii) width> 0.6m b) Staircases other than in (a) above, ramps, balconies i) Single dwelling and private 0.35 ii) Staircases in resiiential buildings 035 iii) Balconies or portion thereof, stands etc. having 15 fixed seats within 0.55 m of the barrier vi) Publicassembly buildings including theatres, 30 cinemas, assembly halls, stadiums, mosques, churches, schools et. vi) Buildings and occupancies other than (i) through (iv) above 075 2. Vehicle barriers for car parks and ramps a) For vehicles having gross mass < 2500 ky, 1002) b) _ Forvehicles having gross mass > 2500 kg, 1652) ©)__ Forramps of car parks etc, as tote te) Note: (1) ‘These londs shall be applied non-concurrenily along horizontal and vertical directions, except as specified in note (2) below. (2) These loads shall be applied only in the horizontal direction, uniformly distributed over any Jength of 1.5 m ofa barrier and shal be considered to act at bumper height. For ease 2(a) bumper height may be taken as 375 mm above floor level. @) Barriers to access ramps of car parks shall be designed for horizontal forces equal to 50% of those| given in (a) and 2(0) applied at a level of 610 mnt above the ramp. Barriers to straight exit ramps. exceeding, 20m in length shall be designed for horizontal forces equal to twice the values given in 2a) and 200, 238 Impact and Dynamic Loads The live loads specified in Sec 2.3.3 shall be assumed to include allowances for impacts arising. from normal uses only. However, forces imposed by unusual vibrations and impacts resulting from the operation of installed machinery and equipment shall be determined separately and treated as additional live loads. Live loads due to vibration or Impact shall be determined by dynamic analysis of the supporting member or structure including foundations, or from the recommended values supplied by the manufacture of the 624OO I ,, , , Chapter 2 Loads particular equipment or machinery, In absence of a definite information, values listed in Table 6.26 for some common equipment, shall be used for design purposes Table 6.2.6 Minimum Live Loads on Supports and Connections of Equipment due to Impact () juipmient or Machinen onal re To impact as percentage oot including self weight. = al jorizontal 1. | Lifts, hoists and related operating machinery | 100% 7 2 | Light machinery (shaft or motor driven) 20% - 3. | Reciprocating machinery, or power driven 50% = units. 4. | Hangers supporting floors and balconies 33% as 5. | Cranes 4) Electric overhead cranes 25%of | i) ‘Transverse to the rail maximum | 20% of the weight of trlle wheel load | and lifted load only, applied ‘one-half at the top of each rail ii) Along the rail 10% of maximum wheel oad applied at the top of each rail b) Manually operated cranes 50% of the | 50% of the valuesin | values ina) @above } above 1 ©)_Cab-operated travelling cranes 2 2 Not applicable Note:(l) All thse loads sal increased fs0 recommended bythe manlacture. For machinery and equipment nol listed, impact loads shal be those recommended by the manufacturers, or determined by lyfe anal Ketucton of hve load is permite for primary structural_members supporting floor oF roof including beam ger tus, fa sib, Hat plate, column, ple looting ae the ike Whee eho ee load on a primary structural member shall be obtained by multiplying the Serene che aoe uniformly distributed live load with an appropriate live load reduction tatior Rae lnteo ne eM ee Set forth in Sec'239.1 23.9.1 Load Groups: All possible live loads applied on floors and roof of a building, due to various Soret ane stare, ghall be divided into three foad groups as described below for determining the appropriate live load reduction factors. 3) Load Group 1: Uniformly distributed live loads arising from the occupancies and uses of (assembly occupancies or areas with uniformly distributed live load of 5.0 KN/m? or less, Li) machinery, and equipment for which specific live load allowances have been made, (ii) special roof live load as described in Sec 2.34.2, and (iv) printing plants, vaults, strong’ teed et armouries, shall be classified under Load Group 1. Recluction of live load shall not Le atoeed fe members or portions thereof under this load group and a reduction Factor, R =1.0 shall De applied for such cases, *) "Load ‘Group 2 + Uniformly distributed five loads resulting from occupancies or uses of (assembly areas with uniformly distributed live load greater than 5.0 kN/m2, and (ii) storage, mercantile, industrial and retail stores, shall be classified under Load Group 2 Live load yedoetecs factor, 1.0 < R 07 shall be applied to this load group depending on the tributary area of the feces ‘or roof supported by the member as specified in Sec 2.3.9.3, Seer ree ? Gniformiy distributed live loads arising due to all other occupancies and uses except those of Load Group 1 and Load Group 2, shall be grouiped into Load Group 3, Live load sechecneee factor, 1.0 < Rs 0.5 as specified in the Sec 2.3.9.3, shall be applied to tributary areas under this ined group, Bangladesh National Building Code 6-25239.2 Tributary Area : The tributary area of a structural member supporting floors or roof shall be determinad as follows a) Tributary Area for Wall, Column, Pier, Footing and the like : Tributary areas of these members shall onsist of portions of the areas of all floors, root or combination thereof that contribute live loads to the member concerned b) Tributary Area for Beam, Girder, Flat plate and Flat slab : Tributary area for such a member shall consist of the portion of the roof or a floor at any single level that contributes loads to the member concerned. aa 627 saan .25+{T4]A; for Load Group 3 Tributary] Live Load @ Load Area (floor, or | “Reduction Group Occupancy or Use roof, or Factor, combination) ® Ap (m?) 1 |) Assembly areas with uniformly distributed live load of 5.0 kN/m? or less. b) Live loads from machinery and equipment for Which specific load allowance has Been made all 10 Special roof live loads as specified in Sec 2.34.2 4) Printing plants, vaults strong room and armouries 2 |a) Assembly areas with uniformly distributed 1.00 live load greater than 5.0 kN/m2 oe ©) Storage, mercantile, industrial, parking garage, oss retail stores, ae 086 08 Ot 079 076 O74 070 3 |a) Uniformly distributed live loads from all < 25 occupancies and uses except those listed 25-30 inload groups 1 and 2 above. 40 50 © 80 100 120 140 180 2 220 Note? ()_Aj = sumo all tributary areas with loads from any one load group (ue. Load Group 1,2 0F3) (@)_Linear interpolation may be made to obtain values ofR lying between the listed values. (©) Live load reduction factor, R is based on the relations: R=0.6+8/A, for Load Group 2 and lowing steps n of Reduced Live Load: The value ofthe ive load re on the load group specified in Sec 2.39.1 andon the tributary area of the flo thereof supported By» primary structural member The re determined using te fo fon factor, R shall depend or the root and combina iced live load on a structural menmby shall be 6-26Loads . Chapter 2 8) Portions of the tributary area pertaining to each of the three load groups specified in Sec 2.39.1 shall be. identified and summed up, and a value of the reduction factor I shall be obtained from ‘Table 6.2.7 corresponding to each portion of the tributary area, ‘ b) The reduced live londs or load intensities shall then be obtained for each load group by multiplyin the unreduced live loads or load intensities by the corresponding reduction factors, and inally. ©) The total reduced live load on a structural member shall be del live loads from each load group. mined by summing up the reduced 24 WINDLOADS 241 General The minimum design wind load on buildings and components thereof, shall be determined based! on the velocity of the wind, the shape and size ofthe building and the terrain exposure condition of the site as set forth by the provisions ofthis section. For the overall design of structures, the general design requirements svspecifed in Chapter | shal also be lied | 2.4.1.1 Scope : Provisions of this section shall apply to the calculation of design wind loads for the primary framing systems and for the individual structural components and cladding of buildings. The | : Gesign wind load shall include the effects of the sustained wind velocity component and. the fluctuating, omponent du to gusts For slender buildings, the design wind lon shall abo inclucte additional loading tffects due to wind induced vibrations ofthe building. 2.4.12 _ Limitations : Provisions of this section shall include forces due to along-wind response of regular- shaped buildings caused by the common wind-stoms including cyclone, thunderstorms and norweters, However, the following cases shall remain beyond the scope of these provisions a) forces due to cross-wind response of buildings and structures, bb) forces, suchas torsion ete. generated due to unusual or unsymmetrical geometry of the building, and ©) forces generated due to special types of winds, such as tornadoes. For calculation of wind loads arising due to the above special cases and for buildings requiring more accurate loading information, reference shall be made to reliable literature pertaining, to these loads, or specialist advice shall be sought. Definitions The following definitions shall apply only to the provisions of Sec 2.4 AWNINGS (e3, PORCH COVER) : A roof-like structure, usually of limited extent, projecting from a wall of 1 building, j BASIC WIND SPEED, Vj, : Fastest-mile wind speed in km/h corresponding to the level of 10 metresabove the ground of terrain Exposure-B defined in Sec 2.4.4 and associated with an annual probability of occurrence of 0.02, BUILDINGS: Structures that enclose a space and are used for various accupancies. CANOPY : A roof adjacent to or attached to a building, generally not enclosed by walls. COMPONENTS AND CLADDING : Structural elements that are either directly loaded by the wind or receive wind loads originating at relatively close locations and transfer those loads to the primary framing, system. Examples include curtain walls, exterior glass. windows and panels, roof sheeting, purlin, grits studs, and roof trusses, CYCLONE: An intense low-pressure centre accompanied by heavy rain and gale-force winds. It forms over warm tropical oceans andl decays rapidly over land vey e DESIGN WIND PRESSURES, 7» : Equivalent static pressure due to wind including gusts to be used in the determination of wind loads for buildings. The pressure shall be assumed to act in a direction normal to the surface considered and is denoted as: ), = pressure that varies with height in accordance with the sustained wind pressure q, evaluated at height 2, or i, = pressure that is uniform with respect to height as determined by the sustained wind pressure g, evaluated at mean roof height I : NCLOSED BUILDING : Buildings which have full perimeter wall (nominally sealed) from floor to roof level Bangladesh National Building Code 6-27