London'

s1854Chol
eraOut
break
:
Dat
aMappi
ngHal
t
sanEpi
demi
c

AnOut
breakBegi
ns Col
l
ect
i
ngt
heDat
a Mappi
ngt
heResul
t
s Snow'sAnal
ysi
s: Endi
nganEpi
demi
c
FocusonBroadSt.

I
n1854,aCholer
aoutbreaksweptt
hrought
heSoho
nei
ghbor
hoodofLondon.

616peopl
edi
ed.
Physici
anJ ohnSnowwass kepti
calofexi
sti
ngtheori
esof
di
seaset r
ans missi
on,whi
choftenblamed"mi asmas,
"orbad
ai
r.Theger mt heor
yofdiseasecir
culat
ionhadnotyetbeen
outl
i
ned.

Vi
ct
ori
anmedi
cal
advi
cewasf
requent
l
yof
fthemar
kbymoder
nst
and.
.
London'
s1854Chol
eraOut
break
:
Dat
aMappi
ngHal
t
sanEpi
demi
c

AnOut
breakBegi
ns Col
l
ect
i
ngt
heDat
a Mappi
ngt
heResul
t
s Snow'sAnal
ysi
s: Endi
nganEpi
demi
c
FocusonBroadSt.

15 8 8 8 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ThisisSnow'sorigi
nalt
ableshowingthe
c hr
onologyofdeathsandthei
rtotal
.He
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 not
esthatnotalldeat
hshaver ecor
ded
addresses;thus,hi
sdatasetispart
ial
ly
incompl
ete.

Dr.Snowcanvassedt
henei
ghborhood.Hecoll
ect
edt
headdr
essesoft
hosewhodi
ed,not
edt
he
numberofdeat
hsateachl
ocat
ion,andtabul
atedt
her
esul
t
s.
London'
s1854Chol
eraOut
break
:
Dat
aMappi
ngHal
t
sanEpi
demi
c

AnOut
breakBegi
ns Col
l
ect
i
ngt
heDat
a Mappi
ngt
heResul
t
s Snow'sAnal
ysi
s: Endi
nganEpi
demi
c
FocusonBroadSt.

Then,Snowmappedt hese
dat
apointsontoamapof
t
heSohonei ghbor
hood.

Ther
esul
t
swer
est
art
l
ing.

NB:Themapr epri
ntedher ei sSnow' sori
ginal
.I
geocodedt headdr esses,introducedt henumberof
deat
hsasadi mens i
onint hedat aset,and
upl
oadedt hemapasabac kgroundi mage.Then,I
conf
ormedt hedimens i
onsoft hemapt othe
appr
opriat
el at/
long.Thus ,thel ocat
ionsappearas
t
heywoul dhav eonSnow' smap.

No.Deat
hsatAddr
ess
1
5
10
15

1 15
London'
s1854Chol
eraOut
break
:
Dat
aMappi
ngHal
t
sanEpi
demi
c

AnOut
breakBegi
ns Col
l
ect
i
ngt
heDat
a Mappi
ngt
heResul
t
s Snow'sAnal
ysi
s: Endi
nganEpi
demi
c
FocusonBroadSt.

Henotedt hatt
hebulkofdeathswere
concent
ratedinanareathatgener
all
y
usedthesamemuni cipal
waterpump:
BroadStreet.

Snowr eal
i
zedthatt
heBroadStreet
waterpump--
andpoorwaterquali
t
y--
was
l
ikel
ythesourceoft
heoutbr
eak.

Ar
medwi
t
hthi
sinf
ormat
i
on,hewentt
o..

No.Deat
hsatAddr
ess
1
5
10
15

1 15
London'
s1854Chol
eraOut
break
:
Dat
aMappi
ngHal
t
sanEpi
demi
c

AnOut
breakBegi
ns Col
l
ect
i
ngt
heDat
a Mappi
ngt
heResul
t
s Snow'sAnal
ysi
s: Endi
nganEpi
demi
c
FocusonBroadSt.

Snowadvisedt
hattheBroadStreetwat
erpumpbes hut
down
i
mmediat
ely.Ci
tyauthor
it
iesf
oundSnow' sevi
dence
per
suasi
ve,andtheyremovedthehandlefr
om thepump.
.
.

JohnSnow'spi
oneeringdat
aanal
ysi
spr
ovedthatchol
erai
sa
water
-bor
nedisease,andpavedt
hewayfort
hefi
el
dof
epi
demiol
ogy.

I
tisoneoft
hef
oundat
i
onal
casesoft
hes
yst
emat
i
cuseofp.
.