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Petroleum Experts: Reservoir Engineering Toolkit
Petroleum Experts: Reservoir Engineering Toolkit
MBAL
Version 8.1
December 2005
USER GUIDE
The information in this document is subject to change as major improvements and/or
amendments to the program are generated. When necessary, Petroleum Experts will
issue the proper documentation.
The software described in this manual is furnished under a licence agreement. The
software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It
is against the law to copy the software on any medium except as specifically allowed in
the licence agreement. No part of this documentation may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or information storage and retrieval systems for any purpose other than the
purchaser's personal use, unless express written consent has been given by Petroleum
Experts Limited.
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Brief Tool descriptions............................................................................................................. 2
1.2 About this guide....................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 How to use this guide .............................................................................................................. 3
2 Using the MBAL application................................................................................................... 1
2.1 File Management................................................................................................................... .. 1
2.1.1 Opening and Saving Files ............................................................................................. 1
2.1.2 Append .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.1.3 Defining the Working Directory...................................................................................... 3
2.1.4 Preferences ................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.5 Viewing the Software Key ............................................................................................. 5
2.1.6 Selecting Printers and Plotters ...................................................................................... 5
2.1.7 The Windows Clipboard ................................................................................................ 5
2.1.8 Windows Notepad ......................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Setting the Units ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Defining System Units ................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Defining the Global Unit System ................................................................................... 7
2.2.3 Changing individual variable units................................................................................. 7
2.2.4 Minimum and Maximum Limits...................................................................................... 9
2.2.5 Conversion Details ...................................................................................................... 10
2.2.6 Resetting the Units ...................................................................................................... 11
2.2.7 Generating a Units Report........................................................................................... 12
2.3 Getting Help........................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1 Accessing Help............................................................................................................ 12
2.3.2 Help through the menu................................................................................................ 12
2.3.3 Getting help using the mouse and keyboard............................................................... 13
2.3.4 Minimising Help ........................................................................................................... 13
3 Data Import............................................................................................................................... 1
3.1 Importing Data in MBAL .......................................................................................................... 1
3.1.1 Importing an ASCII File ................................................................................................. 2
3.1.2 Importing data from an ODBC Datasource ................................................................... 4
3.2 Static Import Filter ................................................................................................................... 5
3.3 ASCII File Import ..................................................................................................................... 6
3.3.1 Import Set-up................................................................................................................. 6
3.3.2 Line Filter....................................................................................................................... 7
3.3.3 Import Filter ................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 ODBC Database Import ........................................................................................................ 10
3.4.1 Filter Set-up ................................................................................................................. 10
3.4.2 Choose Table & Fields ................................................................................................ 11
4 Plots, Reports .......................................................................................................................... 1
4.1 The Plot Screen....................................................................................................................... 1
4.1.1 Leaving the plot screen ................................................................................................. 1
4.1.2 Resizing the display ...................................................................................................... 1
4.1.3 Modifying the plot display .............................................................................................. 2
4.1.3.1 Plot scales (New!!!).................................................................................................. 2
4.1.3.2 Display menu........................................................................................................... 3
4.1.3.2.1 Labels .................................................................................................................. 4
4.1.3.2.2 Colours ................................................................................................................ 4
4.1.3.2.3 Plot line widths..................................................................................................... 5
4.1.3.2.4 Fonts.................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.3.2.5 Plot Legends........................................................................................................ 6
4.2 Output...................................................................................................................................... 6
4.2.1 Selecting a printer or plotter .......................................................................................... 6
4.2.2 Making a hard copy of the plot ...................................................................................... 7
4.3 Changing the plotted variables............................................................................................. ... 7
4.4 Reporting ................................................................................................................... .............. 8
4.4.1 Selecting sections to include in the report..................................................................... 8
4.4.2 Solving printing problems ............................................................................................ 11
5 Defining the system ................................................................................................................ 1
8.4.3.5.6 Calculating the Tank Production History Rate Only .................................. ........34
8.4.3.5.7 Plotting Tank Production History ............................................................... ........34
8.4.3.5.8 Production Allocation................................................................................. ........35
8.4.4 Transmissibility Data ................................................................................................... 36
8.4.4.1 Transmissibility Parameters ...................................................................................... ..36
8.4.4.2 Transmissibility Production History .................................................................... ...40
8.4.4.3 Transmissibility Matching .................................................................................. ....41
8.4.5 Transfer from Reservoir Allocation......................................................................... .....42
8.4.6 Input Summary .................................................................................................... ........42
8.4.7 Input Reports .................................................................................................... ...........42
8.5 History Matching............................................................................................................. ...... .43
8.5.1 History Setup ............................................................................................................. ..44
8.5.2 Analytical Method ................................................................................................... .....45
8.5.2.1 Regressing on Production History...................................................................... ...47
8.5.2.2 History Points Sampling .................................................................................... ....49
8.5.2.3 Changing the Weighting of History Points in the Regression .......................... .....50
8.5.3 Graphical Method .................................................................................................. ......52
8.5.3.1 Changing the Reservoir and Aquifer Parameters ........................................ .........54
8.5.3.2 Straight Line Tool ........................................................................................ ..........54
8.5.3.3 The Best Fit Option..................................................................................... ...........55
8.5.3.4 Locating the Straight Line tool................................................................... ............ 55
8.5.3.5 Graphical method results ........................................................................... ...........55
8.5.4 Energy Plot ........................................................................................................ ..........56
8.5.5 WD Function Plot............................................................................................... ..........57
8.5.6 Abnormally pressured gas reservoirs...................................................................... ....57
8.5.7 Simulation.................................................................................................................... 60
8.5.8 Fw / Fg / Fo Matching................................................................................................. . 64
8.5.8.1 Running a Fractional Flow Matching ..................................................................... 66
8.5.9 Sensitivity Analysis..................................................................................................... .67
8.5.9.1 Running a Sensitivity............................................................................................ .67
8.6 Production Prediction .................................................................................................................. 69
8.6.1 Prediction Setup ................................................................................................................. 71
8.6.2 Production and Constraints ................................................................................................ 75
- Voidage Replacement and Injection ..................................................................................... .79
8.6.3 DCQ Swing Factor (Gas reservoirs only)......................................................................... ..80
8.6.4 DCQ Schedule ................................................................................................................ ...81
8.6.5 Well Type Definitions....................................................................................................... ...81
8.6.5.1 Well Type Setup ........................................................................................................ ..82
8.6.5.2 Well Inflow Performance ......................................................................................... ....83
8.6.5.3 More Well Inflow Performance ............................................................................... .....85
8.6.5.4 Inflow Performance (IPR) Models ............................................................................. ..87
8.6.5.5. Multirate Inflow Performance.................................................................................... ..90
8.6.5.6 Gas and Water Coning Matching ............................................................................. ...91
8.6.5.6.1 Gas Coning Matching............................................................................................ .91
8.6.5.6.5 Water Coning Matching....................................................................................... ...93
8.6.5.7 Well Outflow Performance.......................................................................................... .94
8.6.5.8 Tubing Performance.................................................................................................. ..96
8.6.5.8.1 Constant Bottom Hole pressure ........................................................................... ..96
8.6.5.8.2 Tubing Performance Curves .................................................................................. 96
- Cullender Smith correlation ................................................................................................... 99
8.6.5.8.3 Witley correlation................................................................................................... 100
8.6.6 Testing the Well Performance........................................................................................... 101
8.6.7 The Well Schedule ........................................................................................................... 102
8.6.8 The Reporting Schedule.................................................................................................... 103
8.6.9 Running a Prediction ........................................................................................................ . 105
8.6.9.1 Saving Prediction Results .......................................................................................... 106
8.6.9.2 Plotting a Production Prediction ................................................................................. 107
8.6.10 Displaying the Tank Results............................................................................................ 108
8.6.11 Displaying the Well Results............................................................................................. 108
9 Monte-Carlo Technique .......................................................................................................... 1
MBAL is in a package made up of various tools designed to help the engineer to gain a
better understanding of reservoir behaviour and perform prediction run. So far, the
various tools available in MBAL are:
Figure 1.1:
Tools in MBAL
- Material Balance,
- Reservoir Allocation
- Monte Carlo volumetrics,
- Decline Curve Analysis,
- 1-D Model (Buckley-Leverett) and
- Multi-Layer
This document explains the basic procedures to follow in order to set-up a MBAL model
using the examples provided. This user guide focuses on how to use the various
program features as analytical tools to solve engineering problems. The appendix B at
the end of this manual gives a list of the references for the various models implemented
in the MBAL software package. The User is encouraged to consult the appropriate
references for more details.
2-3 Chapter 1 - Introduction
This incorporates the classical use of Material Balance calculations for history matching
through graphical methods (like Havlena-Odeh, Campbell, Cole etc.). Detailed PVT
models can be constructed (both black oil and compositional) for oils, gases and
condensates. Furthermore, predictions can be made with or without well models and
using relative permeabilities to predict the amount of associated phase productions.
MBAL can also be tied into GAP for integrated production modelling studies, providing
an accurate and fast reservoir model as long as the assumptions of material balance
are valid for the real situation to be modelled.
Reservoir Allocation:
When a well is producing from multiple layers, it is essential for an engineer to know
how much each layer has contributed to the total production. Traditionally, this reservoir
allocation has been done based on the kh of each layer. This approach does not take
the IPR of the layers into account and also ignores the rate of depletion of the layers.
The Reservoir Allocation tool in MBAL improves the allocation by allowing the user to
enter IPRs for each layer and calculates the allocation by taking the rate of depletion
into account as well. Crossflow is also accounted for in the model, as well as different
start/finish times for the wells. Impurities are also tracked and can provide an effective
measure of the quality of the underlying assumptions in the case where few data is
available.
This tool enables the user to perform statistical evaluation of reserves. Distributions can
be assigned to variables like porosity or thickness of the reservoir and the program will
generate the range of probabilities associated with a reserves range.
1D Model:
This is the classic Buckley Leverett tool for predicting breakthrough times and
saturations in a water flooding scenario.
Multi Layer:
Relative Permeability averaging for different layers can be done using this tool, based
on a variety of methods (like Stiles for instance). There rel perms can then be used in
MBAL or the Buckley Leverett tool for further analysis.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 1 - Introduction 3-3
The screen displays used in this guide are taken from the examples provided with the
software. On occasion, the data files may vary from the examples shown as updates to
the program are issued. Where major amendments or changes to the program require
further explanation, the corresponding documentation will be provided.
Before a modelling exercise, the objectives of the exercise should be defined. Once the
objectives are defined, the chapters in this document are organised to correspond with
the steps one might follow to set-up an MBAL model in order to achieve the objectives.
If you are new to Windows applications, we recommend you read this guide to the end
to become familiar with the program features, menus, and options.
This is the slow approach, but will cover all you need to know about the program and
might be in the end more beneficial as the Windows basics would have been clearly
understood.
Use this approach only if you are already familiar with the facilities available in the
program, or if you only wish to use a particular analysis tool (e.g. Monte-Carlo).
If you are limited with time and want to sample the program features quickly, follow the
instructions provided with the examples in Appendix A or the Quick Start Guide. These
will show how to run a quick analysis trying each feature for a particular case.
Figure 2.1:
File Menu
Figure 2.2:
MBAL- Open File
A dialog box appears listing in alphabetical order. The files in the default data directory
are automatically shown first. A file can be opened as for any Windows application.
The standard MBAL file type is the *.MBI file. This type is displayed by default. The only
other file type available is the MBR file. The only use of this type of file is as an output
file from GAP which stores the results from a GAP prediction that can be read by
MBAL.
2.1.2 Append
This option allows the user to merge different MBAL files:
Figure 2.3:
Append
This can be useful in the case where users created MBAL files for reservoirs
independently and would like to have all reservoir models in the same MBAL file.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 2 - Using the MBAL Application 3-13
2.1.4 Preferences
The preferences option allows setting various MBAL preferences.
Figure 2.4:
Preferences Menu
These include:
• Compress Data Files
Select yes to compress (zip) data files when saving to disk. This facility is useful
for managing very large data files.
• Dialog Font
This changes the screen display, font type and size. Only fonts installed under
Windows are displayed. Refer to your Windows manual for more information on
installing fonts.
The file menu normally keeps a list of the last files that were accessed by MBAL.
This entry allows you to control the number of files which appears in this list. The
maximum number of files is 10.
• IPR/VLP Tolerance
This value can be used to control the tolerance used in calculation of VLP/IPR
intersections. The tolerance used in the calculation is the average layer pressure
multiplied by the value displayed in this field. For example, if you enter 0.001
then the tolerance used will be 0.1% of the average layer pressure.
The default value of 0.001 will handle calculate most intersections accurately
and keep calculation times at a reasonable level. However some cases
(particularly with high PIs) may give poor results - in these cases a smaller
tolerance may give better results although the calculations will be slower.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 2 - Using the MBAL Application 5-13
Figure 2.5:
Remote utility
Figure 2.6:
Accessing the units
dialog
Figure 2.7:
MBAL Units System
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 2 - Using the MBAL Application 7-13
Figure 2.8:
MBAL Global Units
System
To view and select the variables, move the scroll bar thumb in any direction, up or
down, until you locate the variable.
Figure 2.9:
MBAL Individual Units
System
The corresponding input and output unit categories will scroll simultaneously. From the
appropriate unit category (Input/Output), select the preferred measurement unit for the
unit selected. To view the list of units click the arrow to the right of the field. To select a
unit, click the name to highlight the item:
Figure 2.10:
MBAL Individual Units
System
To view the conversion between the currently selected unit and the base (default) unit
for the variable in question, click the blank button to the right of the units drop down list.
Note that a change to the input or output units in the unit database is global with
respect to that variable, and will affect entries made in the variable database (accessed
from the Controls button). For example, a change in the input unit of Pressure will
affect, among others, the Layer Pressure in the Well IPR Input screen.
Once all the changes have been made Press on save button and it will prompt you for a
name to be given to the mixed set of units.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 2 - Using the MBAL Application 9-13
Figure 2.11:
Saving a Units system
Figure 2.12:
Saved Units system
Figure 2.13:
Limits
The program provides a default set of limits but the units dialog allows changing these
values. Note that the minimum and maximum fields are displayed in the current input
units.
Click on the details button for the measurement type that you wish to change:
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 2 - Using the MBAL Application 11-13
Figure 2.14:
Details
Figure 2.15:
Details
Please note that there is a different precision for each possible unit.
Figure 2.16:
Help Menu
The help facility offers function buttons and jump terms to move around the Help
system. The function buttons are found at the top of the window and are useful in
finding general information about Windows help. If a feature is not available, the button
associated with that function is dimmed. Jump terms are words marked with a solid
underline that appear in green if you use a colour VDU. Clicking a jump term, moves
you directly to the topic associated with the underlined word(s).
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 2 - Using the MBAL Application 13-13
Wherever the button is available, data can be imported directly into the
program tables. In some cases, the program provides the user with permanent (or hard-
coded filters) such as tubing performance curves imports or imports from the binary
files of other Petroleum Experts products. In most cases, user defined filters can also
be created and saved to disk. These software filters can be created and used once
(Temporary Filter), or they can be stored for future use (Static Filters).
Temporary filter:
A temporary filter is created by using the Temporary Filter file type. A temporary filter
can only be used once. After the data has been imported, the filter ‘script’ is destroyed
immediately afterwards.
Static filter:
If a filter is built as a Static Filter, the ‘script’ of the filter can be stored on the disk and
retrieved to be re-used or re-edited. It can also be distributed to other users of MBAL.
Static filter are stored in on disk into binary files with the MBQ extension.
Once the filter has been stored it will appear automatically in the File Type combo box.
To create a static filter, click on the Static Filter and then click on New (see the Static
Filter topic below).
Warning: Static filters only appear in the File Type combo box if the corresponding
MBQ file has been stored in the default data directory.
The data import dialogue is used to import data from the 2 sources currently supported
by MBAL:
ASCII files
Open Database Connectivity sources (ODBC).
Depending on the type of data being imported, only some of the data sources may be
available.
2-11 Chapter 3 - Data Import
Figure 3.1:
Data import
Once a data source has been selected using the Import Type combo box, the dialog
will display only the fields relevant to that data source.
Static Calls the static filter dialogue. If the current Import Type is ASCII file, an Filter
ASCII file filters will be displayed. If it is ODBC, then an ODBC filter will be
created
ODBC Calls the ODBC administration program, which should reside in your
windows system directory if you have ODBC installed on your machine. The
program is used to set up data sources so that they may work with ODBC.
(ODBC option only)
The following two sections describe the method of importing data from the various data
sources.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 3 - Data Import 3-11
Figure 3.2:
Data import - ASCII files
File Type
This combo box displays the relevant import filters. These include the hard coded filters
and any static filters which have been created for this particular section of the program
(i.e. filters displayed when the import dialog is called from the PVT table will be different
to those shown when the import dialogue is called from the Production History table. If
the Temporary Filter option is left selected, the program will create a temporary filter
that is deleted once the data has been imported.
Browse
Click this button to select a file from your hard disk or network drive.
For more information on the set-up of the ASCII file import filter, see the ASCII File
Import section below.
For more information on the set-up of the ODBC Database import filter see the ODBC
Database Import section below.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 3 - Data Import 5-11
This screen is accessed by the Static Filter button on the file import dialogs which It
appear throughout the program. is from here that the import filters can be managed.
The list box is used to select a filter whose details are then displayed at the bottom of
the screen.
Command Buttons:
New Creates a new filter then displays the Import Set-up screen.
Copy Copies the currently selected filter then displays the File Import Filter
screen.
Edit Reads the currently selected filter then displays the File Import Filter screen
Delete Deletes the currently selected filter.
Figure 3.5:
Import Set-up (ASCII file)
Input Fields
ASCII File
The full path name of the example file to be used for the definition of the filter must be
entered in this field.
File Format
Select the format of the example file specified above. This defines how MBAL
separates the columns of data in the example file.
Name
A name for the filter type must be entered here. This will appear in the file type field of
an import dialog.
Description
Up to 120 characters may be entered here to give a more comprehensive reminder of
the operation of the filter. The description only appears in the bottom section of the
Details field on the Import Filters dialog.
Column Width
Enter the number of characters in which you wish each data column to be displayed in
the next filter definition dialog.
Command Buttons
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 3 - Data Import 7-11
Browse Calls up a file selection dialogue. The selected file and path is entered into the
ASCII file input field.
Figure 3.6:
Import Set-up (Line Filter)
Input Fields
All of these fields are only available if the option is checked.
First n lines
Enter the number of lines, starting from the top of the file, to be ignored.
Last n lines
Enter the number of lines, starting from the bottom of the file, to be ignored.
Lines starting
Enter the pattern which occurs at the start of lines to be ignored.
Before
Enter the pattern which occurs somewhere in the last line which is to be ignored (from
the start of the file).
After
Enter the pattern which occurs somewhere in the first line to be ignored (after reading
has started).
Input Fields
Unit
A combo box can be used to list the units defined for the measurement in the MBAL
program.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 3 - Data Import 9-11
Format
A date format can be entered here using the characters Y, M & D separated by an “/”.
When no day is included in the date you are prompted for the day of the month on
which the measurements regularly occur. If the date in this field is to be the ‘end of the
month’ any number greater than 30 can be entered. If the data in the file contains no
delimiters the format defines the number of characters read as the day, month & year.
For example:
data: 8901 format : YYMM result is January 1989
data: 8901 format : YYM result in an error
data: 8901 format : MYY results is August 1990
data: 89/01 format : M/Y results is January 1989
∫ MBAL picks up the default date format from the Windows International settings.
Otherwise:
Multiplier The data read from the file is multiplied by this number.
Shift This number is added to the product of the Multiplier and the data read
from the file.
If less than This field can be used to handle entries below this value in a special way.
If the carry over radio button is set, the last valid value read is copied to
this entry in the table. When the ignore radio button is set the value will be
set to a blank in the table.
These fields will echo any valid graphical selection and must contain the longest
number in the column of data.
Command Buttons:
Reset Prompts the user to confirm the resetting of the data in the filter.
Done When the user is defining a new filter a file selection dialogue is displayed
for you to enter a file name. If you are editing an existing filter it will be
saved automatically when this button is pressed.
The ODBC filter operated in the same way as the ASCII filter (described above) with
the exception of the 2 dialogues used to define the data set.
Input Fields
Name
A name for the filter type can be entered here. This will appear in the file type
field of an import dialogue.
Description
Up to 120 characters may be entered here to give a more comprehensive
reminder of the operation of the filter. The description only appears in the bottom
section of the Details field on the Import Filters dialogue.
Command Buttons:
Done Calls the Table/Fields dialogue
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 3 - Data Import 11-11
Input Fields
Tables
Select the table from which you want to retrieve data.
Fields
Select the fields that contain the data you want to import.
Additional SQL
Additional Structured Query Language can be entered here to filter the data set.
This section is designed for use with one shot filters (i.e. Temporary) and is not
saved in the static filter file.
Figure 4.1:
MBAL plot screen
Any change made to a plot display applies only to the current active plot. That is, changes to a
plot display are plot specific.
Figure 4.2:
Scales Menu
The Edit screen allows the user to edit the scale options.
Figure 4.3:
Scales options
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 4 - Plots, Reports 3-11
Entering the new minimum and maximum values for the X and Y axis, and pressing
Done will return to the plot display with the updated axis and grids.
Normally when a plot is displayed, the program will automatically calculate the scales
required to view all the data to plot.
Some plots allow the user to save the plot scales for each variable (e.g. tank pressure,
oil rate). This will mean that the same scales are always displayed when a particular
variable is displayed rather than being recalculated. These scales are saved to disk.
For example, if you have a plot displaying oil rate, there will be three menu options:-
Figure 4.4:
Plot Display - Labels option
4.1.3.2.1 Labels
The labels menu allows changing the default labels to the ones preferred by the user:
Figure 4.5:
Plot Display - Labels option
4.1.3.2.2 Colours
MBAL uses a palette of colours that allows the user to customise the plot display to suit
personal preferences. The colour settings can be customised at any time. The colours
chosen can be saved so they become defaults for all plots, and/or modified temporarily
for a single plot. To access the plot colour options, choose:
Figure 4.6:
Plot Display - Colours Option
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 4 - Plots, Reports 5-11
Figure 4.7:
Plot Display - Colours
Option
The plot colour screen is generally sectioned into three parts: plot elements, plot
variables , and colour scheme. Every item in the lists displayed can be selected, and
each will accept any of the defined colours. Changing a colour involves the following
steps:
First select the desired colour scheme: colour, grey scale or monochrome; colour
schemes affect entire plots.
Next select the plot item to modify. To select a plot item, highlight the item name.
Lastly choose the desired shade from the colour bar available for the scheme selected.
Separate colour schemes can be defined for the screen and hardcopy plots.
Figure 4.8:
Display - Line Widths
Once a change has been made to the line width, it will stay in force until exiting the
program. However, if you wish to keep the line width setting the next time you run the
program, click the Save button. This will store the line width setting in the INI file.
4.1.3.2.4 Fonts
This dialog allows the user to change the fonts that appear on the plot. Note that the
fonts selected are also used when outputting the plot to a printer or plotter.
Legend Off excludes the legend indicating the plot input data. (Shift+F6)
Cursor Off excludes the grey status bar located at the bottom of the plot screen
displaying the X and Y co-ordinates of the plot cross-hairs. (Shift+F7)
Symbol Off excludes the data points of the displayed plot curves. (Shift+F8)
4.2 Output
The Output option in the plot menu allows the user to send the plot to a printer, the
clipboard or create a windows metafile with the plot (*.wmf file):
Figure 4.9:
Output Options
Figure 4.10:
Printer selection
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 4 - Plots, Reports 7-11
• Hardcopy sends the plot display directly to the attached printer or plotter in the
format and layout specified in the Printer setup.
• Clipboard sends a copy to the Windows clipboard. The contents of the clipboard
are deleted and replaced whenever a new plot is sent to the clipboard. If you
want to keep the plot in the clipboard, start your preferred Windows draw
program and open a new document. Next, select the program's Edit menu and
choose the Paste command.
• Windows Metafile, generates a *.WMF that can be imported into most Windows
graphics programs (e.g. Freelance). A dialogue box appears promoting you
name the plot file. The extension is automatically given by the program.
All the above output options allow you to generate different types of colour plots:
- Colour outputs the plot in the colours selected. This format is best if you
have a high quality colour laser printer/plotter.
- Grey Scale outputs the plot is varying shades or grey. This plot is useful
for displaying plots on LCD monitor or black and white screens.
- Monochrome outputs the plot display is black and white only. This type is
best used with non-colour printers.
Figure 4.11:
Variables
The variable selection dialogue box that appears will vary with the type of plot selected
and the variable items that can be displayed. To select a variable item, simply click the
variable name:
Figure 4.12:
Variables selection
The plots can include one or two Y axis variables plotted against the same X axis.
4.4 Reporting
This section describes the options relevant for printing or viewing a report. All the main
menu items in MBAL have a reporting option with default report options ready for
commercial reports:
Figure 4.13:
Reporting
The PVT, Input and Production Prediction options have similar reporting options that
work on the same principles as described below.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 4 - Plots, Reports 9-11
Figure 4.14:
Reporting
The information available for reporting is displayed in the sections menu and the user
can then select which of these to include in the report. For example, if all the
information is required, first select all of the options by clicking on the boxes next to
them:
Figure 4.15:
Selecting sections to
include in the report
Then the information relevant to each option can be selected by clicking on the extend
buttons shown above:
Figure 4.16:
Selecting sections to
include in report
As soon as these options are chosen, then the output method can be selected from the
main report screen:
Figure 4.17:
Selecting where to send
the report
Clicking the “Report” button now will create the report in the relevant format:
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 4 - Plots, Reports 11-11
Figure 4.18:
Report
• Make sure you have sufficient space on disk to create a printer file.
• Check your printer is connected properly, it is ON and on-line.
• Check you have selected the correct printer and port from the Printer Set Up. If
can't read the printer file, check the appropriate printer port is selected (usually
'LPT1').
• Check you have installed the correct fonts and printer fonts for your driver. When
Windows cannot find the appropriate fonts, it substitutes another font.
• Check that the latest version of your printer driver has been installed. If you have
an old printer driver, the document may not print or will compress to form an
unreadable file