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#4.inhalational Anesthesia: Stages of General Anesthesia History
#4.inhalational Anesthesia: Stages of General Anesthesia History
#4.inhalational Anesthesia: Stages of General Anesthesia History
NOTE: The higher the solubility, the more delayed the onset of The alveolar concentration of volatile anesthetic in volume
anesthetic effect in the brain. percent necessary to prevent purposeful movement in 50% of
patients during skin incision.
2. Overpressurization and Concentration Effect
- Analogous to IV bolus Provides a measure of partial pressure of drug necessary to
- Administration of a higher partial pressure of produce anesthesia.
anesthetic than alveolar concentration (FA) actually
desired for the patient 1. MAC Awake- MAC of a given volatile anesthetic at which a
patient will open his or her eyes on command.
3. Second Gas Effect 2. MAC Intubation- inhibit movement and coughing during
- Uptake of large volume of a first or a primary gas endotracheal intubation.
(usually N2O) from alveoli increases the rate of 3. MAC BAR (Block adrenergic response) MAC necessary to
increase in alveoli concentration of a second gas blunt the sympathetic response to noxious stimuli
(volatile anesthesia)
MAC Values for Commonly Used Inhalational Agents (%)
4. Perfusion Effect Halothane -0.75
Enflurane -1.63
Increased Cardiac Output Isoflurane -1.15
- More blood travels through the lungs thereby Desflurane -6.06
removing more anesthetic from the gas phase and Sevoflurane -1.85
resulting in a lower alveolar concentration Nitrous Oxide -104