Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bagundol, Jamie Gellamucho September 19, 2015 Bsed-Bio Iii Remarks
Bagundol, Jamie Gellamucho September 19, 2015 Bsed-Bio Iii Remarks
Bagundol, Jamie Gellamucho September 19, 2015 Bsed-Bio Iii Remarks
Activity 4
I. INTRODUCTION
The use of medicinal plants as a source for relief from illness can be traced back over
five millennia to written documents of the early civilization in China, India and the Near east,
but it is doubtless an art as old as mankind. Neanderthals living 60, 000 years ago in present
day Iraq used plants such as holly back, these plants are still widely used in ethno medicine
The potential of higher plants as source for new drugs is still largely unexplored. Among
the estimated 250,000-500,000 plant species, only a small percentage has been investigated
smaller. Thus, any phytochemical investigation of a given plant will reveal only a very narrow
synthetic origin has been the source of innumerable therapeutic agents. Random screening as
tool in discovering new biologically active molecules has been most productive in the area of
antibiotics [3, 4]. Even now, contrary to common belief, drugs from higher plants continue to
occupy an important niche in modern medicine. On a global basis, at least 130 drugs, all single
chemical entities extracted from currently in use, though some of them are now being made
Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Plants are used
medicinally in different countries and a new a source of many potent and powerful drugs. A
wide range of medicinal plant parts is used for extract as raw drugs and they possess varied
medicinal properties. Although, hundreds of plant species have been tested for antimicrobial
properties, the vast majority of have not been adequately evaluated [6, 7]. Considering the vast
potentiality of plants as sources for antimicrobial drugs with reference to antibacterial and
antifungal agents, a systematic investigation was undertaken to screen the local flora for
antibacterial and antifungal activity from guava, asunting, madre de cacao, sambong and
mayana leaves. Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) is widely used in the Philippines as herbal
medicine. Sambong leaves are known for its ngai or Blumea camphor that is used as herbal
medicine to treat kidney stones, wounds and cuts, rheumatism, anti-diarrhea, anti-spasms, colds
and coughs and hypertension. Mayana (Coeus blumei Benth) is one of the traditionally used
folklore medicine and is primarily used for pain, sore, swelling and cuts and in other instances
as adjunct medication for delayed menstruation and diarrhea. Bayabas (Psidium guajava) or
antigenotoxic. Asunting/ Ringworm Shrub (Cassia Alata) leaves are also known to be sudorific,
diuretic and purgative, usedto treat intestinal problems including intestinal parasites. Asunting/
Ringworm Shrub (Cassia Alata) is also used as herbal medicine to treat bronchitis and asthma.
lotions in the Philippines. Madre de Cacao e. Madre de Cacao (Gliricidia sepium), the Kakawate
is scientifically considered as the second most important multi-purpose legume tree with wide
healing properties. As a medicinal plant, the Kakawate is known in the Philippines as a topical
solution to cure scabies in human. Now, a group of dog lovers, the Philippine Pug Lovers Club,
recommends it for dog's skin problems a well. Traditionally, the juice extract of the kakawate
leaves, roots or bark are used to wash and treat scabies and fungal infections. For dogs with
skin irritations, the Kakawate's anti-mange characteristics can help heal scabies and eliminate
bad odor and itching. Eventually, the Kakawate solution also promotes smoother and softer
with-kakawate-madre-cacao).
II. OBJECTIVE
III. MATERIALS
IV. PROCEDURES
1. Based on literature and related studies, identify three plants with potential anti-fungal
activities/properties.
2. Prepare the plant extracts. Different extraction methods may be used depending on the
3. Prepare the culture media using Sabouraud glucose agar or potato dextrose agar (refer
on the number of trials that will be used per plant extract. Common practice requires
two replicates for each extract and for each extract and for each test organism.
4. Perform the standard procedure in the analysis of the plant extracts against molds using
the paper disc diffusion method. Refer to the procedures in your previous experiments.
5. Read the assay plates and record the results (measuring zone of inhibition using a
Vernier Caliper).
V. ILLUSTRATIONS
VI. OBSERVATIONS
When a filter paper disc impregnated with a chemical is placed on agar the chemical will
diffuse from the disc into the agar. This diffusion will place the chemical in the agar only around
the disc. The solubility of the chemical and its molecular size will determine the size of the area
of chemical infiltration around the disc. If an organism is placed on the agar it will not grow in
the area around the disc if it is susceptible to the chemical. This area of no growth around the
Because of heavy hydrogen bonding, water has a higher freezing point (o) than ethanol
(-114), same is also true for boiling point. It is the angular (rather than linear) structure
of water along with the network of hydrogen bonding that gives water a higher freezing
temperature is lowered, the bonds become shorter. In case of water it happens earlier,
3. Which test plant/s yielded the highest zone of inhibition? Explain your answer.
The table above shows the zone of inhibition of the five different plant species namely
The results of the investigation clearly indicate that the antibacterial and antifungal
4. After knowing the potential antifungal activities of the test plants, what steps will you do
in order to promote the use of these plants for treating fungal infections?
To promote the use of these plants for treating fungal infections, first is to implement it
at home. Why? Well, it because we could never implement anything without proving it
ourselves. Though investigation through laboratory activities is more scientific than experience-
based activities, it is more likely believable if we try it ourselves and show to the community the
effectiveness of these plants as anti-fungal and antibacterial plants. GOD made our world
perfect for everything could be seen in our environment. Even those things that we thought
VII. CONCLUSIONS
The ultimate conclusion of this study supports the traditional medicine use of different
plant extracts in treating different infections caused by pathogenic fungi in either by using a
single or combined extracts. It also suggests that a great attention should be paid to medicinal
plants which are found to have plenty of pharmacological properties that could be sufficiently
better when considering a natural food and feed additives to improve human and animal health.
Several test such as paper disc diffusion was used to know the effectiveness of the anti-
fungal and anti-bacterial properties of some medicinal plants. The measurement of the zone of
inhibition or the area of no growth will determine how susceptible it is to other external factors.
Everything was made perfect through GOD ALMIGHTY that HE created nature as a
natural medicine for us humans and even other organisms affected by it.
VIII. REFERENCES
http://www.metro-pets.com/health--wellness/treat-dogs-scabies-with-
kakawate-madre-cacao