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Systematic Qualitative Analysis: Carbonate Ion
Systematic Qualitative Analysis: Carbonate Ion
Systematic Qualitative Analysis: Carbonate Ion
Analysis of anions :
Passed the gas through lime Lime water turns milky Confirms CO3 2-
water
To the salt solution added dilute Solution turns green Confirms SO3 2-
H2SO4 and few drops of
K2Cr2O7 .
To the salt solution added dilute Pink colour disappears Confirms SO3 2-
H2SO4 and few drops of KMnO4 .
To the salt solution added dilute Solution turns dark brown or Confirms NO3 –
CH3COOH and FeSO4 solution. black.
To the salt solution added dilute Solution turns blue Confirms NO3 –
CH3COOH and drops of KI
followed by starch solution.
To the salt solution added White ppt soluble in NH4OH Confirms Cl-
AgNO3 solution. obtained
To the salt solution added Pale yellow ppt partially Confirms Br-
AgNO3 solution. soluble in NH4OH obtained
To the salt solution added CS2 Brown colour in the organic Confirms Br-
or CCl4 and then add Cl2 water layer obtained
dropwise with constant
shaking.
To the salt solution added Yellow ppt insoluble in NH4OH Confirms I--
AgNO3 solution. obtained
To the salt solution added CS2 Violet colour in the organic Confirms I--
or CCl4 and then add drops of layer obtained
Cl2 water constant shaking.
To the salt solution added A dark brown ring is formed at Confirms NO3 –
freshly prepared FeSO4 the junction of the layers of
solution and then add conc acid and solution.
H2SO4 slowly along the sides of
the test tube .
To the salt added conc H2SO4 Fruity odour of ester detected Confirms CH3COO-
and heat. Then add ethyl
alcohol and pour the contents
into a beaker containing 25 mL
water.
To the salt solution added Solution turns reddish which Confirms CH3COO-
neutral FeCl3 solution. converts into a ppt on heating
with water.
Add Conc HCl to a part of the Ppt does not dissolve Confirms SO4 2- .
white ppt
CATION ANALYSIS
3 Ni2+ Green
6 PbI2, Yellow
Analysis of Cations:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Zero group – NH4+
Heat a pinch of the salt with Ammoniacal smelling gas NH4+ is present
conc. NaOH evolves.
Bring a glass rod dipped in dil Dense white fumes is seen NH4+ is confirmed.
HCl close to the mouth of the
test tube.
To the salt added conc. NaOH, Brown precipitate is formed. NH4+ is confirmed.
heated and then add Nessler’s
reagent.
Pb2+
To the salt solution added White ppt is formed Pb2+ is present
Dil.HCl
To the salt solution added Yellow ppt is formed confirms the presence of Pb2+
K2CrO4
To the salt solution added KI Yellow ppt is formed confirms the presence of Pb2+
To the salt solution added Deep blue Confirms the presence of Cu2+
excess NH4OH
Al3+
To the salt solution added NH4Cl White gelatinous ppt is formed Al3+ is present
and NH4OH
To the salt solution added White ppt is formed Al3+ presence is confirmed
NaOH
To the salt solution added Blue ppt is formed Al3+ presence is confirmed
NaOH ,DIL HCl, Blue litmus and
NH4OH
Fe3+
To the salt solution added Brown ppt is formed Fe3+ is present
NH4OH and NH4Cl
To the salt solution KCNS Blood red colouration Fe3+ presence is confirmed
To the salt solution K4Fe(CN)6 Dark blue ppt is formed Fe3+ presence is confirmed
Fourth group-Ni2+
To the salt solution added
NH4Cl,NH4OH and H2S Black ppt is formed Ni2+ is present
Co2+
To the salt solution NH4OH AND Black ppt is formed Co2+ is present
NH4Cl &H2S
To the salt solution added Blue ppt is formed Confirms the presence of Co2+
NaOH
To the salt solution added Blue etherial layer is formed Confirms the presence of Co2+
NH4CNS and Ether
Mn2+
To the salt solution added Buff ppt is formed Mn2+ is present
NH4Cl,NH4OH and H2S
To the salt solution added Buff ppt is formed Confirms the presence of Mn2+
NaOH
To the salt solution added Brown ppt is formed Confirms the presence of Mn2+
K4Fe(CN)6
Zn2+
To the salt solution added Dirty white ppt is formed Zn2+ is present
NH4Cl,NH4OH and H2S
To the salt solution added White ppt is formed Confirms the presence of Zn2+
NaOH
To the salt solution added Bluish white or yellowish ppt is Confirms the presence of Zn2+
K4Fe(CN)6 formed
FIFTH GROUP
To the salt solution added White ppt is formed (White ppt Ba2+ or Sr2+ or Ca2+ is present
NH4Cl,NH4OH & (NH4)SO4 dissolves in CH3COOH)
Ba2+
To the salt solution added Yellow ppt is formed Ba2+ is present
K2CrO4
Flame test Light green flame Confirms the presence of Ba2+
Sr2+
To the salt solution added White ppt is formed Sr2+ is present
(NH4)SO4
Flame test Crimson red flame Confirms the presence of Sr2+
Ca2+
To the salt solution added White ppt is formed Ca2+ is present
(NH4)2C2O4
To the salt solution added White ppt is formed Confirms the presence of Mg2+
(NH4)PO4