မင္းလူ - သူငယ္ခ်င္းတစ္ေယာက္အေၾကာင္း

ww
w.
my
an
ma
rcu
pid
.ne
t
zetarS jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmifzdk&rf;wGif
(14? 08?2008) rS (16? 12?2008) xd pqH;k ul;,lwifjyonf/
rsufESmzHk;puef zeta
pdf by sideeffect
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif zdk&rf;rSxkwfa0onf/
jrefrmtD;bGwftjzpf
yxrtBudrf
'DZifbmv? 2008
rSwcf suf/ / udx
k uf? udak bmif;? udEk dkif ESifh uRefawmhf xifjrifcsuft&
'kw,d tBudrf xkwaf 0cJhaompmtkyf[k ,lqygonf/
tcef; ( 1 )
uRefawmfonf vlwpfa,muftaMumif;udk ajymjyygrnf/ ol tvkyf

BudK;pm;yHkrSm twk,lzG,f aumif;onf/ ol pD;yGm;a&;vmbf jrifyHkrSm
tm;uszkadY umif;onf/ pD;yGm;a&;orm; tcsif;csif; vlvnfuswwfyHk
uawmh csD;usL;&rvm;? ½Iwfcs&rvm; rajymwwf/ wpfcgwpf&H olonf
tvGef tjrifuwfzkdUaumif;onf/ wpfcgwpfcgusawmhvnf; ol apwem
aumif;yHkaMumihf av;pm;p&m jzpf\/
ckumvvkd pD;yGm;a&;udk tBuD;tus,f vkdufpm;aeMuaom tcsdefwiG f
olUtaMumif;onf pdwf0ifpm;zkdY aumif;vdrfhrnf[k xifygonf/
olonf pma&;q&mu pdwful;,OfNyD; zefw;D xm;aom Zmwfaumif
r[kwf/ tjyifrSm wu,f&Sdol jzpf\/ xkYad Mumifh þZmwfvrf;udk 0w¬Kyg
[k qk&d efvnf; cufonf/
xkdUtwl olonf xif&Sm; ausmfMum;olwpfa,muf r[kwfaom
omrefvrl Qom jzpfojzifh tw¬Kywåd [lívnf; rqkdEkdifjyefyg/ bmyJjzpfjzpf
olUtaMumif;onf 0w¬Kwpfyk'fozG,f zwfí aumif;vdrfhrnf[k ,HMk unfyg
onf/
olonf uRefawmfESifh tvGef&if;ESD;aom oli,fcsif; jzpfojzifh . . .
]rif;taMumif; ig wpfaeYaeY a&;r,fuGm} [k qkad omtcg olu
ruefu Y Gufonfhtjyif . . .
jrefrmhrsSm;ewfarmif uGefjrLewDzk&d rf
4
]rif;a&;&if [kdudpöav;yg xnfha&;vkdufprf;yg} qkNd yD; uRefawmf
rodao;aom tcsuftvufrsm;udkyif jznfhpGuaf jymjycJhavao;onf/
]rif; aomufusifh,kww f mawGyg xnfha&;rSmaemf} [k uRefawmf
ajymaomtcg olu . . .
][ . . . 'grSvnf; zwfvkdYaumif;rSmaygh? taumif;awGcsnf;qkd
b,f,w k &åd SdrvJ? [kd;t&ifu rEÅav;rSm owif;pmxkwfawmh rif;wkef;rif;
BuD;u ajymovkdaygh? igraumif;&if ighrdzk&m;taMumif;a&; qkdwm}
][m . . . rif;uvJ? igraumif;&if ightaMumif;a&;vkdY ajymwmyg}
]at;uGm . . . tJ't D wkid f; a&;aygh} [k olu cGifhjyKcsufay;vku
d fonf/
!
SK
RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
5
tcef; ( 2 )
uRefawmf 7 wef;odkY wufaomESpfwiG f NrdKUxJ&Sdausmif;rS tdrfESifh
eD;aom ausmif;okdYajymif;onf/ 'DrSmyif olESifh qHrk djcif;jzpf\/ uRefawmfu
ausmif;om;opfyDyD cyfukyfukyfaeonf/ t&ifausmif;rSm a,mufsm;av;
awGcsnf; ae&onf/ ckausmif;u rdef;uav;awGyg &Sdojzifh raewwf
rxkid fwwf ½Idl;wkd;&SefYwefYjzpfae&\/
twef;xJodYk ausmif;om;opfwpfa,muf a&mufvmaomtcg xH;k pH
twkdif; pdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ rdef;uav;awGu xkad usmif;om;opfonf
!
pmawmfovm;? b,fbmomawGrSm xl;cRefovJ odcsifMuonf/ a,musfm; SK
RI
av;awGuawmh 'Daumif abmvH;k uef aumif;ovm;? vufo;D jyif;
N
W
ovm;? &efp&if jyefaqmf wwfovm; ponfjzifh . . . /

rO
ou
uRefawmfonf ausmif;a&mufcgpwGif taygif;toif; r&Sdao;bJ

ty
cyfa,mifa,mif cyfaMumifaMumif jzpfae\/ wpf&ufwGif ausmif;wufzkdY

ea
ll b
tvm 0if;wHcg;0em;ta&mufwGif
wi
]a[haumif}
ok
bo
aemufrS ac:oHMum;ojzifh vSnMfh unfo h nf/ olu tem;okYd avQmuf

his
vmNyD; . . .
ft
eo
]rif; ausmif;ajy;zl;ovm;} [k ar;onf/ ol\ yxrqH;k rdwq f uf

us
pum;yifjzpf\/ uRefawmfu acgif;cgjyvkduf\/

ial
erc
]'DaeY ajy;Munfyh gvm;uG? aysmfp&maumif;w,f}

mm
Co
6
]a[hat;uGm}
uRefawmfu jiif;onf/
]awmfawmfnhHao;wmyJ} [k olu rSwcf sufjyKonf/ okdY&mwGif xkad eYrS
pí olESifhuRefawmf cifrifoGm;cJhMu\/ ol bmaMumifh ausmif;ajy;avh
&SdaMumif;udk aemufydkif;usrS uRefawmfov
d m&onf/
oleY mrnf pdefaMumif[kac:\/ ckacwftaeESifh qkv d Qif tawmf
&,fp&maumif;aom emrnf jzpfaomfvnf; olYudkarG;onfh tcsdefwkef;u
awmh t"dyÜm,f jynf0h vSonf[k qkEd kdif\/
olUudk arG;cgeD; olUtar Akdufemaeaom tcsdefwGif olBuD;tdrfrS

"mwfpufu pdefaMumifeDvm ywfysdK; oDcsif;udk zGifhaeonf/ 'gukdMum;rd
aom olYtazu . . .
]ighrdef;r&JU Adkuf[m cyfjym;jym;vJ&Sdw,f? txkid ftxvJ aES;w,f?
rdef;uav;arG;rSm {uefyJ? orD;av;udk eDvmvkYd emrnfrSnh&f r,f} [k
pdwu f l;rdonf/
arG;vmawmh a,musfm;av; jzpfae\/ xkYad Mumifh eDvm[k rSnhfvYkd
r&awmhojzifh pdefaMumif jzpfoGm; &jcif;yifwnf;/
pdef qko d nfrSm tzkd;wefausmufrsuf&wem wpfrsdK;jzpfouJo h Ykd aMumif
!
SK
qkod nfrSmvnf; vmbfaumif;ap&ef taqmiftjzpf xm;&aom &wem RI
wpfyg;yifjzpf\/ xkdYak Mumifh tzkd;vnf;wef vmbfvnf;aumif;onfh
N
W
t"dyÜm,f jzpfonf[k qkd\/

rO
bmyJjzpfjzpf olonf emrnfESifhvl vku d fzufvSayonf/ olYyHkyef;rSm

ou
ty
tom;u rnf;rnf;/ t&yfu r&Snv f Saomfvnf; ydefaomaMumifh uvef

ea
uvm;Ekdifonf/ ½kyfu odyfrqk;d vSaomfvnf; rsufESmrSm tNrJwef; 0ufNcH

ll b
wi
xlvyspf &Sdaewwfojzifh Munfrh aumif;acs/

ok
pdefaMumifonf tvGef A½kwfusoljzpf\/ twef;xJrSm pDceJ nHceJ

bo
his
qkvd Qif olyJjzpf\/ ausmif;ol rdef;uav;wkdY\ atmhaMumvefpm&if;xJrSm

ft
xdyfqk;H uyg\/ rdef;uav;awG vQdKUvQdKU0Suf0Suf vkyfwwfaom udpöawGudk

eo
us
tyifyef;cH pHkprf;NyD; owif;vkdufjzefYwwfaomaMumifh olYqv kd Qif ½GHaMumuf

ial
erc
BuD; jzpfaeMuavonf/
mm
Co
7
rdef;uav;awG usdwv f kyfMuonfh udpöxw J Gif rif;om; rif;orD;awG
qD rdwq f ufpm a&;wmvnf; ygonf/ xkpd Ofu emrnftBuD;qHk; ½kyf&Sif
rif;om;rSm nGefY0if;jzpf\/
wpfcgu aumifrav;wpfa,muf nGefY0if;qDa&;aom rdwfqufpmudk
pdefaMumifu &atmifckd;onf/ aumifrav;u reufydkif; pmoifcsdef twGif;
rSm ckd;a&;NyD; rkefYpm;qif;awmh vG,ftdwfxJ xnfhxm;cJhonf/ 'gudk
vltvpfrSm 'Daumifu t&,lvkdufjcif; jzpf\/ NyD;awmh ausmif;jyef
wufcgeD; vlpHkoavmuf &SdcsdefwiG f . . .
]tm;vHk;em;axmif} [k atmfí owday;vkduNf yD; . . . .
]ighqDudk aumifrav; wpfa,mufqDu rdwq f ufpm vmw,f? ig
zwfjyr,f? okYd . . . ud0k if;vkdY ac:&if aumif;rvm;? udn k GefYvkdY ac:&if
aumif;rvm;? tkd . . . ½Iyfygw,f ? tpfukBd uD;vkdYac:&if pdwq f kd;r,f
rxifygbl;aemf . . . wJh t[d} ponfjzifh wpfwef;vHk;Mum;atmif atmfzwf
jyonf/
]tckvdk nDr&JU pmudk qH;k atmifzwfwJhtwGuf 0rf;omrdwmuawmh
ajymrjywwfEkdifatmif ygyJ}
um,uH&Sif aumifrav;rSm a'goxGufaomfvnf; vlawG odukef
rnf pkd;ojzifh usdwfcHae&onf/ pdefaMumifuawmh 'DavmufESifh r&yfao;/
!
SK
]tpfukBd uD;rSm tvkyfawGrsm;w,fqdw k mawmh odygw,f? 'gayr,fh RI
rtm;jzpfwhJ . . . tJav rtm;wJhMum;uyJ pmjyefr,fq&kd ifawmh twkid f;
N
W
xuf tvGefayghav}
rO
aumifrav; qwfceJ acgif;axmifvmNyD/ pdefaMumifonf tm;vHk;udk

ou
ty
ydkrkdpdwf0ifpm;vmatmif cPrQ &yfxm;vku d fNyD;rS . . .

ea
]pmjyef&if vdyfpmuawmh [J [J? vdyfpmuawmh . . .}

ll b
wi
xktd csdefwiG f pma&;onfh aumifrav; pdwfrxdef;EkdifawmhbJ xD;udk

ok
aumufqGJNyD; . . .
bo
his
][if . . . awmfawmf ,kwfrmwJhaumif? aoayawmh} qkNd yD; pdefaMumifh

ft
qD ajy;oGm;onf/ pdefaMumifu cHkwef;wpfck aemufbuf ckef0ifvdu k Nf yD; . .

eo
us
][ . . . b,fvdjk zpfwmvJ? ig eifhudk bmvkyfvdYv k J? eifeJY bmqkdif

ial
erc
vkYvd J}
mm
Co
8
aumifrav;rSm a'govnf;jzpf? &Suv f nf;&SuNf yD; rpOf;pm; rqifjcif
EkdifawmhbJ . . .
]eif bmvkYd tydkawG avQmufajymovJ? pmxJrSm ighvdyfpmjzifh rygbJ
eJU}
[k vTwfceJajymrd&m wpfwef;vHk; qlyGuo f Gm;atmif &,farmoHawG
xGufay:vmonf/ aumifrav;vnf; tBuD;tus,f&SufNyD; pdefaMumifh
acgif;ukd xD;ESifh ½kdufvdu k fonf/ xD;rSm xkdtcsdefu acwfpm;aeaom
zefwk;H vufudkifwyf xD;jzpfojzifh a'gifceJ jrnfoGm;onf/ pdefaMumifh
ezl;rSm uGrf;oD; ESpfvk;H pmavmuf tzkBuD; jzpfoGm;\/
ESpfa,mufpvH;k rSm tjypf&SdaeaomaMumifh q&mrudak wmh rwkid fMu/
okY&d mwGif q&mru pdefaMumif\ ezl;rS 'Pf&mudk jrifomG ;onf/
][Jh . . . pdefaMumif? rif;ezl; bmjzpfwmvJ} [k ar;onf/ pdefaMumif
u cyfwnfwnfESifh . . .
]aps;a&SUu t½l;rBuD;udk oGm;prdvdYk xD;eJY ½kdufvw T fvkdufwmyg
q&mr}
aumifrav;rSm atmifhoufoufESifh NidrfcHvdu k &f avonf/
a&SUwef;rSm xkdifaom rdef;uav;rsm; cRwfxm;onfh zdeyfrsm;udk
0g;jcrf;jym;xdyfrSm oHcsdwfwyfí cJ&mcJqpf ckd;,lNyD; 0Sux f m;wmrsdK;?
!
SK
vG,ftdwf wpfckESifhwpfck pmtkyfawG ajymif;xnfhxm;wmrsdK;? aumifrav; RI
awG xrif;bl;udk ckd;pm;NyD; trIdufawG jyefxnfhxm;wmrsdK;u ½kd;aeNyD/
N
W
ausmif;qif0ifatmufu wkdifuyfem&DBuD;udk tvpfrSm oGm;vSnfhxm;

rO
ojzifh ausmif;pma&;u rodbJ em&D0ufavmufapmNyD; ausmif;qif;

ou
ty
acgif;avmif; xk;d rdjcif;? rkefUpm;qif;cgeD; tomxGufí aMumfjimoifykef;

ea
rSm ,aeY ausmif; aeYwpf0ufydwo f nf[k a&;xm;ojzifh twef;xJ

ll b
wi
vG,ftdwfjyef,Nl yD; tdrfjyefukefMuojzifh ausmif;tkyfBuD; Asmrsm;oGm;&jcif;

ok
rsdK;udkrS olu vkyfcsifonf/

bo
his
ausmif;wufcsdefqdv k Qif ausmif;0if;wHcg; tm;vH;k ydwfxm;onf/

ft
'DMum;xJu xGufaygufudk olyJ &SmvkdYawGUcJo h nf/

eo
us
a,mufsm;av;tdrfom aemufbufrSm umxm;aom oGyfjym;wpfcsyfu

ial
erc
ao;pm;NyD; aygufNyJaeonf/ vlwpfuk, d fpm aumif;aumif; 0ifEkdifonf/

mm
Co
9
xkt d aygufrSvQdKxGuv f Qif ausmif;0if;\ aysmhuu G ftrsm;qH;k jzpfaom
Mucwf0g;½Hk NcHpnf;½kd;udk awGU&rnf/ tdrfomaemufbufjzpfí aumif;pGm
jyKjyifxm;jcif;r&Sd/
acG;wkd;aygufwpfckckukd cJsUxGifvdu k af omtcg av;bufaxmuf
xGufv&dYk onfh taygufwpfck jzpfvm\/ xkt d aygufudk toHk;jyKNyD; tBudrf
tawmfrsm;rsm; 'Daumif ausmif;u vpfxu G fEkdifcJhonf/ awmfawmfBuD;
MumrS q&mBuD;odoGm;NyD; aemufbufNcHpnf;½kd;udk 0g;uyfawGESifh ydwu f m
ypfvdu k &f \/
'DvdEk Sifh NyD;a&mvm;qkdawmh rNyD;ao;/ ausmif;aemufbufrSm rvG,f
aygufwpfck&\ Sd / tNrJwrf; aomhcwfxm;onf/ xkad omhwludk ol r&ru
vkyf,o l nf/ olum; wpfESpftwGif; ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; t½kdufcH&qH;k
ausmif;om;tjzpf rSww f rf;wifcH&ol jzpfcJhavonf/
uRefawmfonf omreftm;jzifh ausmif;ajy;avh&Sdol r[kwf/ ausmif;
ajy;NyD; avQmufoGm;&vkdY aysmfwmeJY rdoGm;rSmpkd;vkYd &ifwxdwx f dwf
jzpf&wm rumrd[k xifonf/
xkYad Mumifh ausmif;rwufcsifvQif tdrfrSmuwnf;u aeraumif;bl;
qkNd yD; tdyf&mxJ 0iftdyaf eonf/ 0w¬KpmtkyfawG zwfaevku d fonf/
ausmif;a&mufrS okYdwnf;r[kw?f ausmif;oGm;rnf[k xGufvmNyD;rS
!
SK
ausmif;ajy;wmrsdK; rvkyfwwf/ okYd&mwGif pdefaMumifESifh aygif;rdNyD; RI
wpfcgawmh ausmif;ajy;jzpfoGm;\/
N
W
xkad eUu atmifqef;tm;upm;uGif;rSm rma';um;yGJoGm;rnfh jrefrm

rO
vufa½G;pifESifh nGefYaygif;toif;wkdY ajcprf;abmvH;k yGJ &Sdonf/

ou
ty
uRefawmfonf abmvH;k qkdvQif oJBuD;rJBuD;yif jzpf\/ pmar;yGJeD;vkdY

ea
ud, k fykdifpmMunfh&uftjzpf ausmif;ydwo f nfh tcsdefrSmyif abmvH;k uef

ll b
wi
rysufcJh/ abmvH;k yGJaumif;aumif; qkdvQif rMunfh& raeEdkif/

ok
xkad eYuyGJrSmvnf; yGJBuD;yGJaumif;jzpfrSm aocsmonf/ vufa½G;pif

bo
his
a½G;&mwGif aemufqk;H tqifhxdygNyD;rS jyKwfusefcJhol abmvH;k orm;

ft
oH;k av;OD;rSm nGefYaygif;toif;rSm ygaeonf/ olwkdYonf rcHcsifpdwjf zifh

eo
us
a&ukefa&cef; upm;Muvdrfhrnf/ vufa½G;pifawGuvnf; ½HI;vQif odu©m

ial
erc
usrnfjzpfí taotvJ upm;Mu vdrfhrnf/

mm
Co
10
]'DaeYyGJ odyfaumif;r,fuGm? rMunf&h wm emvkdufwm} [k olaY &SUrSm
uRefawmf nnf;rd\/ olu . . .
]Munfch sif&if tckoGm;r,favuGm? rDao;wmyJ}
][m . . . ausmif;uae b,fvv kd kyf vpfxu G frvJ}
]rif;oGm;r,fqkd rjzpfjzpfatmif ig vkyfyghr,f? b,fvdv k }J
uRefawmfonf abmvH;k yGJudk odyfMunfhcsifaeojzifh acgif;ndwfvdu k rf d
\/ olt Y pDtpOftwkdif; vG,ftdwfrsm;ESifh pmtkyfrsm;udk wjcm;oli,fcsif;
awGudk enf;enf;pD a0iSwm0ef,cl kdif;onf/ ausmif;aemufbuf rvG,f
aygufukd aomhwkESifhzGifhNyD; xGufonf/
abmvH;k uGif;xJ a&mufawmh vlawmfawmfrsm;ojzifh xkdifp&mae&m
vkud f&Sm&onf/ wpfae&mrSm uRefawmfh&if 'dwcf eJjzpfoGm;\/ uRefawmfwkYd
twef;udk ocsFmoifaom q&mudk awGUvku d f&aomaMumifhyif/ q&mu
vnf; uRefawmfwkdYudk zswfceJ Munfhonf/
]a[haumif? q&muG} qkNd yD; uRefawmfu vlMum;xJa&mNyD; ykef;zkdY
BudK;pm;onf/ pdefaMumifuawmh vH;k 0wHkYqkdif;raebJ q&mhqD
wef;avQmufoGm;NyD;
]q&m? 'DaeYyGJ odyfaumif;rSmaemf? uRefawmfwdYkvJ rMunfhbJ raeEkdif
vkYd q&m&JU . . [J [J . . .}
!
SK
RI
q&mhudk EIwq f ufonf/ q&mu rsufESmwnfwnfBuD;ESifh . . .
N
W
]at; . . . aumif;aumif; MunfhMu} [k cwfjywfjywf ajymonf/

rO
q&mha&SUrS xGuv f mMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfu . . .

ou
ty
]rif; . . . awmfawmf twifh&JwhaJ umif? q&mu igwdkY ausmif;vpfNyD;

ea
vmMunfw h mudk wdkYq&mrudk jyefwdik f&if b,fvkdvkyfrvJ}

ll b
wi
]pdwcf saeprf;yguGm . . . rwkdifygbl;}

ok
]'Davmuf ay:wifBuD; awGUwm rwkid fbJaervm;}

bo
his
]a[haumif rif;aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;prff;? tck rif;eJYig twlwl

ft
vmMuw,faemf? wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf q&mreJYwkdifvYkd jzpfrvm;}

eo
us
uRefawmf acgif;cgonf/
ial
erc
mm
Co
11
]'Dvdyk JayghumG ? igwkdYausmif;vpfNyD; abmvH;k yGJ vmMunfhovkd q&mvJ
ausmif;vpfNyD; vmwmyJav? 'gaMumifhom ausmif;csdefBuD;rSm abmvHk;
uGif;xJ a&mufaewmaygh? igwkdYudk abmvHk;yGJrSm awGUygw,fvkdY
wkYq
d &mrudk oGm;wkdif&if olvJ ausmif;uvpfNyD; abmvHk;yGJ vmMunfhwm
ay:oGm;rSmaygh? r[kwfb;l vm;}
pdefaMumifum; xkdpOfuwnf;u vlwpfa,muf\ aysmhuu G fudk
jrifwwfol jzpf\/ xkt d odtjrifu aemif ol pD;yGm;a&;avmuxJ wk;d 0if
aomtcg rsm;pGm toHk;wnfhcJhavonf/
______
t&ifuawmh olwkdUrdom;pkonf tkef;ESJqakd om ½Gmuav;rSm aeMu

onf/ olwdkYtbk;d tbGm;awG qH;k awmh olYtazu v,fwpfuu G fESifh
!
SK
EGm;av;ig;aumif tarG&cJhonf/ olYtazonf &nfrSef;csuf BuD;\/ RI
om;orD;awGudk ½GmrSmyJ v,f,mvkyfNyD; raeapcsif/
N
W
xkYad Mumifh v,fESifh EGm;tcsdKUudk a&mif;NyD; NrdKUay: wufvmonf/

rO
NrdKUpGef&yfuu G f&Sd aps;aygaom ajruGufuav;wpfck0,f? wJxkd;NyD;aeonf/

ou
ty
ygvmonfh EGm;rav; ESpfaumifukd t&if;jyKí EGm;EkdU a&mif;pm;onf/

ea
pdefaMumifu om;tBuD;qHk; jzpf\/ olaY tmufrSm nDrwpfa,muf nD

ll b
wi
wpfa,muf&Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh EGm;EkdYydkYonfh tvkyfwm0efukd olyJ,l&onf/

ok
&efuek fudk olwkdY a&mufvmcgpwkef;u tvGef 'kua© &muf&onf/

bo
his
&efuek f vlaerIp&dwu f ½GmrSmxuf tqrwef jrifhaeonf/ EGm;EkadY &mif;

ft
onfh aps;uGufukv d nf; ruRrf;usifao;/ xktd aMumif;awGudk wpfcgwpfcg

eo
us
pdwv f vkd uf& ajymjywwf\/

ial
erc
mm
Co
12
pdefaMumifonf ckESpfwef; ausmif;om;b0rSmyif vlBuD;wpfa,mufvkd
tvkyfvyk f&onf/ EGm;pmpOf;? EGm;ausmif;? EGm;EkdYñSpf? EkdYyd?kY a&xrf;
ponfjzifh tpfukt d BuD;qHk;rkdY tdrftvkyfrSeforQ 'kdifcHvyk f&onf/
]twef;xJrSm igujrif;wmudk tjypfrajymeJYuG? ighrSm ausmif;a&mufrS
ujrif;cGifh&wm? tdrfrSmqkd&if vH;k 0 em;&wm r[kwfbl;? rkefYpm;qif;&if
awmif tdrftjrefjyefajy; xrif;pm;NyD; naetwGuf EGm;pme,f& ao;wm?
'gaMumifh wpfcgwpfcg pdwfvGwfvufvw G f ujrif;csif&if ausmif;ajy;&wm
ayghuG}
olbY 0u wjcm;ausmif;om;awGESifh ajymif;jyefjzpf\/ olrsm;awGu
ausmif;qif;vQif tdrftjrefjyefNyD; upm;Muonf/ oluawmh tdrfjyefvQif
tvkyfvyk f&onf/ ausmif;a&mufrS upm;&onf/
olonf tdrfrSm tvkyfawG vkyf&ojzifh pmusufcsdef tjynft h 0r&cJh/
okYw
d ikd fatmif olu ÓPfaumif;onf[k qk&d rnf/ vywfpmar;yGJawGrSm
wpfbmomavmuf usavh&Sdaomfvnf; yxrtprf;? 'kwd,tprf; wkYdwGif
tqifhwpfq,f 0ef;usifavmuf csdwfwwfonf/
wpfckawmh &Sd\/ pmar;yGJajz&mrSm tBuHtzefvyk fNyD; ÓPfuw l m
uav;awGawmh &Sdonf/ olu wDxGifÓPf &Sdoljzpfí olrsm;awGvkd
enf;vrf;a[mif;BuD;awG roH;k / aygifrSm a&;vmwmwkdY? pm½Guu f dk tusÐ
!
SK
vufacgufxJ xnfhxm;wmwkYdrvkyf/ RI
xktd csdefu ausmif;om;rsm;onf abmvfyifoHk;avh r&SdMu/
N
W
abmyifvfESifhajzvQif trSwfavQmhcH&Ekdifonf [laom tpGJtvef;awG &SdMu

rO
wkef;jzpf\/ azmifwdefESifhyif a&;Mu&onf/ xkYdaMumifh pmar;yGJajzvQif

ou
ty
ausmif;om;wpfa,mufrSm riftkd;wpfvk;H awmh ,lvmpNrJ/

ea
pdefaMumif\ riftkd;uawmh rifrygaom tkd;tvGwfjzpf\/ txJrSm

ll b
wi
ul;cszkdY pm½Guyf kdif;uav;awGom tjynfhtodyfygonf/

ok
aemufwpfrsdK;uawmh uwfjym; xlxl uav;awGay:rSm a&;xm;jcif;

bo
his
jzpf\/ uwfjym;awGudk om;a&uGif;ESifh csdwfxm;onf/ om;a&uGif;udk

ft
wHawmifqpfem;rSm ywfxm;onf/
eo
us
ul;awmhrnfqkdvQif uwfjym;wpfckukd qGx J kw?f vuf0g;Mum;rSm

ial
erc
tomxdef;NyD;ul;onf/ tcef;apmifh q&m q&mrvmwmjrifvQif uwfjym;

mm
Co
13
udk vTwfvdu k ½f Hkyif/ om;a&uGif;\ qGt J m;aMumifh uwfjym;onf ½Twcf eJ
jyef0ifNyD; wHawmifqpfem;rSm jyefuyfaeawmhonf/ pmar;yGJ&ufrsm;wGif
tusÐvuf&Snyf GyG (olUtaztusÐ) 0wfvmwwfonfrSm 'gtwGufyJjzpf\/
(ckacwf ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh xked nf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;rjyKoifh
yg/ tb,fah Mumifhqdak omf pdefaMumif\ enf;vrf;rsm;udk wpfpwpfp
vlodrsm;vmcJhNyD; vku d ftwkckd;cJhMuonf/ xko
d lrsm;teufrS tcsdKUrSm ,ck
tcg q&m? q&mrawG jzpfaeMuaomaMumifh 'Denf;awGo;Hk vQif rdrSm
aocsmaom aMumifhyifwnf;/)
______
NcdK;NcH a>cwmwwfjcif;? &ayguf&vrf;udk tNrJ&Smaewwfjcif;?

tuGujf rifwwfjcif; wkYo d nf ol\ b0ay;tajctaet& tvkdvkd odae
aom udpörsm;jzpf\/
xkpd Ofu qHyifñyS fcrSm ig;rl;jzpfonf/ oluawmh oH;k q,fih g;jym;ESifh
&aom qkdifrSmyJ tNrJñSyfonf/ xkq d ikd fonf olwkdY&yfuGuf twGif;ykdif;
acsmifMum;xJrSm &Sd\/
EGm;EkdUukvm;rsm;? qdwfuv k m;rsm;om ñSyfaomqkdifjzpf\/ qHv k nf
!
SK
ukvm;xkid fr&Sd/ acG;ajcay:rSm xkid fNyD; tñSyfcH&onf/ yHkpHuvnf; ESpfrsdK;
RI
om&S\d / twkq d vkd Qif aemufajymif? a&SUwpfvufr/ t&Snq f vkd Qif
N
W
tkef;rIwfcGuyf Hk/
rO
]rif;uvJuGm? q,fhig;jym;av; uGmwmrsm;? yHkaumif;aumif;av;

ou
ty
ñSyfprf;yg} [k uRefawmfwdYku ajymaomtcg . . . . .

ea
]q,fhig;jym;qkd bJOwpfvHk;&w,fuG em;vnfvm;? ig nreuf

ll b
wi
pm;vkY&d w,f? aemufNyD;awmh qHyifyHk aumif;awmha&m bmvkyf&rSmvJ?

ok
rif;wkdYvkd udkcifatmifqikd frSm ñSyfawmhaum ighaomuf½kyfu bmxl;vm

bo
his
rSmvJ? ykdvv S mvkdY ykdufqH&r,fqkd&ifawmh [kwfwmaygh? qHyifyHk aumif;

ft
aumif;eJU EGm;EkdYñSpf&if ykdxGufr,fqkdvJ aumif;om;? ighrSm qHyifwpfcg

eo
us
ñSyfwdik f; vlawGrSm qHyif&,fvkdY aygufrvm&if odyfaumif;rSmyJvdYk

ial
erc
awG;rdw,f}
mm
Co
14
xkYad Mumifh olYudk Munfv h u
kd fvQif tNrJwrf; acgif;wH;k qHaxmufESifhom
jzpf\/
olEGm;ausmif;xGuv f Qif b,fawmhrS vufcsnf;oufouf roGm;
wwf/ oHyHk;pkww f pfvk;H ESihf opfom;jym;ESpfcsyfudk tNrJ,o l Gm;onf/
vrf;rSm EGm;acs;ygcsvQif usHK;NyD; oHyHk;xJxnfhonf/ olrsm;EGm;awG ygxm;
aom EGm;acs;awGudkvnf; usKH;xnfhvmonf/ EGm;acs;awG tdrfrSm pkxm;NyD;
rsm;vmvQif pkdufcif;awGrSm oGm;a&mif;onf/ olwkdYtdrf teD;tem;u
ukvm;awGuvnf; EGm;acs;ajcmufukd avmifpmjyKvkyfí xrif;[if; csuf
wwfojzifh vm0,fMuonf/
oGm;&if;vm&if; ydEéJyifawGUvQif t½GuEf kav;awG wufcl;wwf\/
ydE½éJ Guu f dk qdwfawG tvGefBudKufojzifh qdwfukvm;awGudk a&mif;vkYd&
onf/
pdefaMumifwpfa,muf ausmif;cef;xJ 0ifvmNyDqdv k Qif cHkzdeyfoH
w*Grf*Grfukd t&ifMum;&avh&Sd\/ omref cHkzdeyfwdYkxuf ydkNyD; toHus,f
onf/ taMumif;rSm olYcHkzdeyfonf atmufajc tpm;oufomatmif
oHraId wG &kdufxm;aomaMumifh jzpf\/
olonf i,fi,fuwnf;u tdrftvkyfawGcsnf; ulvkyfcJh&ojzifh
upm;ckefpm;rIrsm;udk odyf0goem rygawmhacs/ pGefrvTwfwwf? abmvH;k
!
SK
ruefwwf? jcif;rcwfwwf/ okYd&mwGif uRefawmfwdYk abmvH;k uefwm RI
udak wmh tm;ay;wwfonf/
N
W
uRefawmfwkdYtwef;xJü ausmif;vufa½G;pif abmvH;k orm;awG

rO
rsm;ojzifh awmifhwif;onf/ wjcm; twef;awGESifh abmvHk;csdef;uefvQif

ou
ty
Ekdifwmrsm;onf/
ea
xkt d cgrsdK;wGif pdefaMumifu t0wftpm;awG zdeyfawG apmifhay;onf/

ll b
wi
NyD;awmh . . .
ok
]rif;wkdY 'DaeYyGJ Ekdifatmifuef&if vufzuf&nfwkdurf ,f} [k ajym\/

bo
his
xkpd Ofu vufzuf&nfwpfcGuf wpfrwfjzpf\/ uRefawmfwYkd wpfaeYpm

ft
rkefYzkd;yif/ xkYad Mumifh uRefawmfwdYk BudK;pm;yrf;pm; tEkdifuefMuonf/

eo
us
Ekdifwht J cgusawmhvnf; olYuwdtwkdif; wu,fyJ vufzuf&nfwkduf

ial
erc
onf/ ausmif;em;u jym;ESpfq,fwefqdik frSm/

mm
Co
15
tm;vH;k q,fhwpfa,muf/ ESpfusyfjym;ESpfq,fzkd;BuD; rsm;awmif/
'Davmuf ukwfukwu f wfuwf aewwfou l bmaMumifh 'Davmuf tukefcH
NyD; apwemaumif;ae&wmvJqkdawmh pdefaMumifonf [kb d ufwef;u
aumifwpfa,mufESifh ig;usyfaMu; avmif;xm;aomaMumifhyifjzpf\/
aemufydkif;usawmh tjyif&yfuGuf abmvH;k toif;rsm;ESifhyg vkud fcsdef;
NyD; uefckdif;onf/ olu ig;usyf wpfq,f avmif;onf/ þenf;jzifh
tydk0ifaiG &Smwwf\/ uRefawmfwdYu k vnf; vufzuf&nf aomuf&?
BuH&nfaomuf&rkdY auseyfMu\/
vufzuf&nfaomufMu&onfh tcgwkdif; jzpfwwfonfh udpöwpfck
&Sdonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm vlysdKaygufpav;awG jzpfí tpfudkBuD;awGudk
t&m&mrSm twkckd;wwfMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh vufzuf&nfrSmvQif . . .
]tcsdKayghus} [k rSmwwfonf/
xktd cg pdefaMumifu pm;yGJxkd;udk . . .
]olwkdYcGux
f JrSm avQmhxnfh&r,fh oMum;awGtm;vHk; uRefawmfhcGux f J
xnfhvkduf} [k vSrf;ajymonf/ NyD;awmh . . .
][kwfw,favuGm? tvum;oufoufawmh t½IH;rcHEdkifbl;? oMum;
avQmhxnfhvYkd ykdufqH avQmhay&wmrS r[kwfwm? wefatmifawmh vkyf&rSm
yJ}
!
SK
olum; xkdpOfuwnf;u pD;yGm;a&;tjrif &SdaecJhNyD jzpfav\/ RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
16
tcef; ( 3 )
]igwkdY &efuek fa&mufcgpwkef;u odyf'kua© &mufwmayghuGm? 'DrSm vlcH
&SdwmvJ r[kwf? aqGrsdK;om;csif;qkdwm a0;a&m? uk, d fcsnf; tpdrf;
oufouf wufvm&wmud;k ? EGm;EkdYa&mif;pm;r,f qkw d mu pdwu f l;yJ&Sdwm?
b,fuae b,fvdk pa&mif;&rSef;vJ rod? ½GmuygvmorQuav;eJY
pkdufpm;aewmav;vJ ukefa&m jyóem wufawmhwmyJ}
vufxrJ Sm aiGr&Sdawmh/ aemufaeYtzkYd aps;zkd;awmifr&Sd/ a&mufcgp
jzpfí ab;ywf0ef;usif tdrfawGESifhvnf; r&if;ESD;ao;/ acs;zkdYiSm;zkdY
!
rjzpfEdkif/ pdefaMumifwkdYtaz OD;at;armifuawmh awmf½HkESifh vufavQmh SK
RI
wwfol r[kwfacs/ 'DrSm [efrusvkdY [ku d vlawG bmajymMurvJ/
N
W
udak t;armifwdkY ½Gmudyk pfNyD; NrdKUwufomG ;vku

d fwm aemufq;Hk awmh pm;p&m
rO
ou
awmifr&SdvkdY jyefajy;vm&NyD [k uJ&h JUvku

d fMurnfjh zpfjcif;/
ty
ckae ½GmjyefvQif v,fawGvnf; r&Sdawmh/ EGm;av;ESpfaumifESifh

ea
ll b
bmoGm;vkyfrvJ/ aep&mtdrfawmif jyefaqmufEkdifrSm r[kwf/ acgif;iHkY

wi
t½IH;ay;&rnfh tvkyfrsdK;udk OD;at;armif b,fawmhrSrvkyf/ &efukefrSm

ok
bo
rjzpfjzpfatmifaernf/ qm;eJYyJ pm;&pm;&/ qefjyKwfyJ eyfausmf aomuf&

his
aomuf&/
ft
eo
]'Dvdek JU aemufaeYreufusawmh xrif;udk qDeJYqm;eJYe,f? i&kwo f D;rIefY

us
jzL;? MuufoGefudu k pf m;NyD; igwkdY om;tzESpfa,muf EkdYwpfyHk;pDqJGNyD;

ial
erc
vkud fatmf a&mif;MuwmyJ}

mm
Co
17
xkdtcsdefu EGm;EkdYvnfa&mif;onfh tvkyfrSm ukvm;awGom vkyfMu
onf/ ckvkd Armom;tz ESpfa,mufu EGm;EdkYvnf;a&mif;ojzifh txl;
tqef; jzpfaeMu\/
]igwku dY vJ awmu a&mufcgpqkad wmh EGm;EkdYxJ a&a&mwmawG
bmawG b,foOd D;rvJ? 'Dawmh odyfrudu k fvSb;l aygh? eyfrSefatmif
pm;½Hkavmufuav;&wm? 'DMum;xJ wkYed m;u EkdYukvm;awGu olwkdY
aps;uGufukd 0ifv&k aumif;vm;qkNd yD; 0kdif;npfMuao;w,f? tJh'Dwek f;ursm;
bJOwpfjcrf;eJY xrif;pm;& wJhaeY[m taysmfqHk;aeYBuD;ayghuGm}
olwkdYtaejzifh ckvkd ukvm;awGeJY,SOfNyD; vkdufa&mif;aevkYd rjzpf/
MumvQif 'kua© wGUrnf/ tawGUtBuHKu oifomG ;ojzifh a&a&menf;udk
odvm\/ NyD;awmh wpfcsdKU ukvm;BuD;awG EkdUyHk;awGESifh NrdKUxJbuf
wufomG ;wm awGU&\/ okYdESifh wpf&ufwGif pdefaMumifu aemufa,mifcH
vku d fMunfh&m EkdYaps;rSm oGm;oGif;aMumif; odvm\/
EkdYaps;rSmoGif;vQif olwkdYEGm;av;ESpfaumifrS &wmavmufESifhrjzpf/
rsm;rsm;pm;pm; &zkdYvkdonf/ xkt d cg olwdkYom;tzonf av;a'gifhuefwkdY
odrfacsmif;wkdYbuftxd qif;NyD; EGm;EkdYvku d faumufonf/
pdefaMumifonf pyfpyfpkpk vkyfwwfonf/ b,fawmhrS tvum;rae/
ykdí tvkyfjzpfrnfh enf;vrf;udk tNrJ&Smaewwfonf/ EGm;EkdYoGm;ydkY&if;u
!
SK
tjrifus,fvmonf/ EkdYaps;rSm oGif;wmxuf vufzuf&nfqkdif awGESifh RI
qufo, G fNyD; wkduf½kdufoiG f;wmu ykdudkufaMumif; odvmonf/
N
W
vufzuf&nfqkdifawG vku d fydkYvQif pufbD;wpfpD; &Szd kdYvkdonf/ olwkdYrSm

rO
pufbD;0,fzkdY aiGr&Sd/ okYd&mwGif pdefaMumifu tBuHykdifonf/ olYtBuH

ou
ty
uvnf; vSyygayonf/
ea
uRefawmfwkdYabmvH;k toif;u 'kdif;yGJwpfck 0ifuefonf/ tkyfpkwiG f;rSm

ll b
wi
yGJwkdif;Ekdifojzifh aemufqk;H yGJpOfrSm EkdifEkdif½HI;½HI; uGmwm; zkdife,fwufzkdY

ok
aocsmaeNyD/
bo
his
wpfzuftoif;uawmh uRefawmfwdYkuEdk kdifrS wufcGifh&rnf/ xkt d oif;

ft
acgif;aqmifuvnf; oli,fcsif;yifjzpfí 'DyGJrSm uRefawmfwYkdu t½HI;upm;

eo
us
ay;zkdY vmñSo d nf/ uRefawmfwYkd oabmwlvkduo f nf/ xkt d csufudk

ial
erc
pdefaMumifu toH;k csoGm;jcif;jzpf\/

mm
Co
18
xkyd GJwGif wjcm;vlwpfa,mufESifh ESpf&maMu;avmif;rnf/ olu
wpfzuftoif;uaernf/ uRefawmfwkdY t½IH;upm;rnfudk vH;k 0rod&Smaom
[kv d lu pdefaMumifudk tcsOf[krSwfonf/ olYrSm ykdufqHawmhr&Sd/
]udpör&Sdbl;av? cifAsm; pufb;D udk avmif;aMu;xyfvu kd faygh} [k
pdefaMumifu ajym\/ xko d lrSm &Dav; pufbD;uav; wpfpD;&SdaMumif;
pdefaMumifu odNyD;om;/
trSefrSm pufbD;u ESpf&mhig;q,favmuf wefonf/ okUd &mwGif
uRefawmfwkdYtoif; usdef;aoEkdifrnf[k wGux f m;aom [kdvlu oabmwl
vdu k \ f /
uRefawmfwkdYu ñSx d m;onfhtwkdif; wrif t½HI;upm;vkdufaomtcg
pdefaMumifonf pufbD;wpfpD; tacsmif&vku d favonf/ xkpd ufbD;onf
pdefaMumif\b0wGif yxrqH;k tBudrf wpfzufom;tay: vlvnf us&mrS
&&Sdvkdufonfh ypön;f jzpfav\/ xkdaeYu uRefawmfwdYkonf abmvH;k yGJ
½HI;aomfvnf; pdefaMumifu EkdYMuufO wkdufonfudk aumif;aumif;rSwfrd
ae\/
olonf xkdpufbD;udk toH;k jyKí EkdYykdYonfhtvkyfukd wGifus,fpGm
vkyfEkdifvmonf/ odrfacsmif;txd pufbD;ESifh oGm;NyD; EkdY,lonf/ vufzuf
&nfqikd fawG vkdufykdYonf/
!
SK
pdefaMumifonf trJom; rpm;acs/ EGm;awGu olwkdYudk vkyfauR; RI
aejcif; jzpfojzifh aus;Zl;&Sif\ tom;udk rpm;[kajymonf/ uRefawmfwYkd
N
W
u...
rO
]'gqkd a&vJ raomufeJYayghuGm? a&vJ rif;wkdYaus;Zl;&SifyJ} [k 0kdif;pMu

ou
ty
onf/ olu . . .
ea
]EGm;EkwdY pfcGuf a&toufqdkwm rMum;zl;bl;vm;? a&ra&mwwf&if

ll b
wi
EGm;EkdYa&mif;pm;raeeJYawmh? tJ . . . a&a&mw,fqv kd Ykd igacsmufuscJhwmav;

ok
owd&w,fumG } qkNd yD; . . .

bo
his
]ighpufbD;u u,f&D,mcsJUxm;w,f qkad yr,fh yHk;BuD;wpfyHk;?

ft
tao;wpfyHk;yJ o,fvdYk&w,fav? 'Dawmh tdrfuae EGm;EkdUppfppfawGcsnf;yJ

eo
us
o,fomG ;NyD; NrdKUxJa&mufrS a&a&m&w,f}

ial
erc
][if . . . vlawGjrifukefrSmaygh}
mm
Co
19
]b,fjrifrvJuG? 'Dvdak v . . . NrdKUxJrSm igwkdYvkd EkdYorm;awGudk
a&a&mif;wJh tdrfawG&Sdw,f? tpdwo f m; wpfcGuu f dk ig;jym;ay;&w,f?
tJ'Dtdrrf Sm tyfxm;wJh yHk;wpfyHk;udkyg oH;k NyD; ESpfyHk;udk oH;k yHk;jzpfatmif
vkyf&wmayghuGm? [m; . . . [m;}
wpfaeYawmh a&a&maewkef; wku d fwkdufqdik fqdkif ol EGm;EkdUoGif;aeus
vufzuf&nfqkdifrS ykdif&Sifonf xkt d drfxJ 0ifvmonf/ olYudk awGUvQif
tukefay:awmhrnf/ EkdUyHk;awGu a&wkid fuaD b;rSm csxm;wmud;k / tdrfjyif
xGufzkdYvnf; tcsdefr&awmh/ okYdjzifh ykef;p&mae&m &Smonf/ tdrfomxJ
0ifykef;aevkduo f nf/
jzpfcsifawmh vufzuf&nfqikd f ykdif&Sifuvnf; olYqikd futdrfom
rtm;ojzifh 'Dtdrrf Sm vmwufjcif;yif/ pdefaMumifuvnf; rxGuf&J/
xkv d luvnf; Adkufxu J &pfaeojzifh nnf;nLaeonf/ xkpd Of tdrf&Sifu .
..
]a[haumifav; . . . MumvSacsvm;? 'DrSm vlapmifhaew,fu}G [k
atmfojzifh rwwfEkdifbJ xGufvm& onf/
]vufzuf&nfqkdif&Sifu &dyfrdrSmaygh}
]&dyfrdwmayghuG? 'gayr,fh csufcsif;awmh bmrSrajymEkdifb;l ? olvJ
tdrfomwufcsifaZmeJU 0ifajy;&wmud;k ? ol tdrfomxJ0ifaewkef; igvJ
!
SK
tpdwo f m;wpfcGuf uref;uwef;a&mNyD; vpf&wmyJ} RI
]ta&;xJrSmawmifuGm}
N
W
]rwwfEkdifb;l av? &dyfrdrSawmh bmxl;rSmvJ? igra&mvJ olu

rO
a&mw,f ajymawmhrSmyJ? qkdifa&mufawmh tvkyf½IyfaeMuvkYd ighEkdYukd

ou
ty
csufcsif; r,lEkdifMuao;bl;? 'DtcsdefrSm qkdif&SifuvJ jyefa&mufvmw,f?

ea
NyD;awmh a[haumifav; . . . rif; [dt k drfrSm a&0ifa&mw,f r[kwfvm;

ll b
wi
ar;wmaygh? 'Dawmh [m . . . r[kwfygbl;? tdrfomwufcsifvdYk 0ifwmyg?

ok
uRefawmfhEku dY ppfygw,f? 'DrSmMunfhqNkd yD; EkdYxJ vufcv,fESpfNyD; xkwfjy

bo
his
vku d fw,f? EGm;EkdYaumif;&if vufrSm ap;NyD;jzLae&w,f? a&a&mwm

ft
rsm;oGm;&if awmufceJ avQmusoGm; a&m}

eo
us
]rif;rdomG ;a&maygh}
ial
erc
mm
Co
20
]b,f[w k frvJ? igu qkdifxaJ &mufuwnf;u ra,mifrvnfeJU
eHjym;zkdu *sHKrIefYawG vufrSmvl;NyD; vufcv,fudk 0Sufxm;wmud;k ? 'Dawmh
EkdYawG *sHKrIefYeJYuyfNyD; ap;aewmaygh}
]rif; awmfawmfvnfwhaJ umif}
]'gayrJh uHqd;k csifawmhuGm? qkid f&Sifu ighvufukd Munfh&if;?
a[haumif . . . 'gu bmvJuGvYkd vufñI;d xkd;jyw,f? jzpfyHkrsm;awmhuGm?
ighvufcv,frSm EkdYeJYtwl uyfygvmwmu vIyfwkwv f Iyfww
k feJY wGefYvdrf
aewJh ykd;avmufvef; wpfaumifuk;d uG}
uRefawmfwkdY 0kdif;&,fMuonf/ olu r&,fbJ . . .
]igawmh em;&if;tkyfcH&NyDvdYk xifwm? 'gayr,fh qkdif&Sifu &,fNyD;
vkyfrJhvkyfvJ ydyd&d&d vkyfrSayghuGm? EGm;EkdYorm;wkdif; a&a&mw,fqdw k m igvJ
odygw,fuG? 'gayr,fh avmbawmh odyfrBuD;eJY? rif;csnf;yJ a&a&mcsifvkdY
&rvm;? igwkdYa&mzkdYvJ csefxm;OD;rSaygh wJh . . . }
pdefaMumifu acgif;wpfcsuf qwfvku d Nf yD;awmh . . .
]tJ'Duwnf;u pD;yGm;a&; vkyfw,fqkdwm ud, k fwpfa,mufwnf;
pm;zkdY rMunfh&bl;? olrsm;udv k nf; ay;pm;&w,fqdkwJh todynmudk
ig&cJhwmyJ} [k av;eufpGm ajymavonf/
!
SK
RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
21
tcef; ( 4 )
pdefaMumifonf q,fwef;pmar;yGJudk ESpfESpfqufwdu k f ajzqkdNyD;aemuf
atmifjrifavonf/ 'DrSmyJ olESifh olYtaz jyóemwufMuonf/ olt Y az
u olu Y kd bGUJ &ynmwwf jzpfapcsifonf/ pdefaMumifuvJ pD;yGm;a&;
avmuwGif ynmwwfolu ydkí wpfyef;omaMumif; odonf/
okYwd ikd fatmif . . . olwkdY om;tz ESpfa,mufMum;rSm oabmxm;
!
uGvJ rGJ I wpfck&Sdae\/ olt Y azu 0dZÆmodyÜH wuúokv
d w SK
f ufNyD; ausmif;tm;
RI
csdefrSmrS tdrftvkyf ulvkyfapcsifonf/ oluawmh tvkyfxJ ajcpHkypf0ifNyD;
N
W
tvkyftm;csdefrSm ausmif;wufcsifonf/
rO
ou
]a[haumif . . . ynma&;u t"duuG? rif;udk tvkyfyJ vkyfcdkif;csifrS

ty
awmh q,fwef;atmifwhJtxd aiGtukefcHNyD; pmoifay;yghrvm;? t&ifu

ea
ll b
rif;udk ausmif;wuf&if; tvkyfvyk fckdif;&wmu rwwfomvkYd tajctae

wi
t& ckdif;&wm? tck ig rif;udk ausmif;xm;EkdifNyD? rif; tvkyfvyk fcsifvJ

ok
bo
ausmif;wuf&if; ulvkyfvdY&k wmyJ}

his
]uRefawmfu ausmif;wuf&if; tvkyfvyk fcsifwm r[kwfbl;? tvkyf

ft
eo
vkyf&if; ausmif;wufcsifwm taz&}

us
olwdkY om;tz udpörSm xrif;pm;zkdY pma&;wmvm;? pma&;zkdY

ial
erc
xrif;pm;wmvm; qkdaom jyóemvkd jzpfae\/ pdefaMumifonf olUtaz

mm
Co
22
pum;ukd tNrJvdv k dk em;axmifcJhNyD; 'DwpfcgusrS tacstwif jyefajymae
ojzifh olt Y az pdww f vkd monf/
]rif;u tvkyfoyd fvyk fcsif aewmu bmoabmvJ? rdef;r ,lcsifvkdY
vm; a[haumif}
][m . . . aygufayguf&Sm&Sm? tazhukd MunfhNyD; pdwu f kefvGef;vkdY}
]bmajymw,f}
oltY azonf olYtarudk enf;enf; aMumuf&ojzifh 'gudk ajymwm
vm;qkNd yD; tzkd;BuD; emoGm;onf/
]rif;u bmaumifv?J rif; pD;yGm;a&; rif;vkyfNyD; wpfpifaxmifrvkYd
ayghav? ighudk ajc&mwkdif;wmvm;uG? [kwv f m;}
'Dpum; pdefaMumifh tar Mum;awmh . . .
]tHr,fawmf udkat;armif? ajc&mcsif;wkdif;Munfh&if usKyfom;BuD;
ajc&mu BuD;awmhraygh? r,H&k if om;BuD;udk &Sifhzdeyf pD;ckdif;Munfhygvm;?
zaemifh vufwpfqpfavmuf xGufaevdrfhr,f}
'DvdEk Sifh tzkd;BuD; tavQmhay;vkdu&f onf/ pdefaMumifonf vkyfom;
aumvdyf wufcGifh&&ef olYenf;ol[ Y efESifh BudK;pm;avawmhonf/
!
SK
_______ RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
EGm;EkdY ydkYonfh tvkyfrSm tajctaerqk;d vS/ okY&d mwGif BuD;yGm;

ea
wk;d wufEkdifonfh tvkyfawmhr[kwf/ wk;d wufonfh EdkifiHawGrSmvkd EGm;EkdU

ll b
wi
yko
dY nft h vkyfukd ukrÜPDwpfckaxmifNyD; tBuD;tus,f vkyfvdYk&onfr[kwf/
ok
aemufwpfcsufuawmh EGm;EkdUaumufNyD; qkid fawG vku d fydkU&onfhudpörSm

bo
his
olwt kdY wGuf vG,fulvGef;onf/ olwkdYom;tz\ vkyf&nfudkif&nf BuH&nf

ft
zef&nfESifh qkv d Qif EGm;EkdYtvkyfrSm tao;tzGJom jzpf\/

eo
us
om;tz ESpfa,muf wkdifyifMuonf/

ial
erc
mm
Co
23
]yHkESdyfpufuav; wpfvkH;avmuf axmif&&if raumif;bl;vm; taz}
[k pdefaMumif tBuHjyKonf/
]rif;u b,fvkdu b,fvdk pdwful; &vmvkYdvJ}
]wpfavmu oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf&JU tpfukd r*Fvmaqmifawmh
zdwfpm½kdufzkdY NrdKUxJvkdufomG ;zl;w,f? uRefawmfwdYkbufrSm yHkESdyfpuf wpfvk;H
rS r&Sdao;bl;? ½kdufp&m&Sd&if NrdKUxJxd oGm;oGm;ae&w,f? tJ'geJY pdwu f l;
&wmyJ}
]at; . . . rif;tBuH rqk;d bl;? 'gayr,fh igwkdYu ykHESdyfpuf taMumif;
bmrS em;rvnfwmu cufw,f}
]yHkESdyfpuf wpfckrSm uRefawmf tvkyfoif0ifvkyf&if; avhvmr,fav}
]yHkESdyfpufwpfvk;H b,favmufay;&rvJ}
]'gawmh uRefawmfvJ rodb;l }
]at;uGm . . . jzpfatmif BuHMuwmaygh}
'DvdEk Sifh pdefaMumifonf yHkESdyfpufwpfckrSm ynmoiftvkyform;
0ifvyk fonf/ olu zifayghNyD; oGufou G fvufvuf &Sdojzifh ykdif&Sifu
oabmusonf/ okYd&mwGif wwfv, G fvGef;ojzifh pufq&mu olYae&m
0ifvrk nfudk pkd;&drfvmonf/ xkYdaMumifh pdefaMumifukd ynmpHkray;bJ
vQdKxm;NyD; npfvmonf/
!
SK
yHkESdyfpufynmrSm ta&;tBuD;qHk;u ]&,f'D} vkyfonf[k ac:aom RI
csdwfuGif;oGif;jcif;ESifh yifcsdefjcif; wkYdyifjzpf\/ (olvkyf&aom pufrSm
N
W
vufxd;k puf trsdK;tpm; jzpfonf/) &kdufrnfh pm½Gurf sm;udk wpf½Gucf sif;

rO
vufESifh ,lxnfhay;&onf/
ou
ty
vufxd;k pufrSm yifcsdef&jcif;onf tvGefvuf0ifonf/ yvifac:

ea
puúLxnf&h rnfh ae&mwGif yiftyfuav;awG [kda½TU'Da½TUpkdufNyD; csdefom;

ll b
wi
uduk fatmif vkyf&onf/ vkdovkd&NyDqdkrS cJwk;H uav;rsm;ESihf taouyfNyD;

ok
csdef&onf/
bo
his
NyD;awmh ½kdufESdyf&mwGif rifom;nDap&ef uwfjym;av;awG ck&wm

ft
uvnf; tvGeftao;pdwfonf/ wpfcgwpfav cJpmvH;k av; wpfvk;H

eo
us
avmuf edrfhusaewmrsdK;udk pdwf&Snv f uf&Snf jyKjyif&wwfonf/

ial
erc
mm
Co
24
]ighpufq&mu ighudk npfyHkuawmh yifcsdefawmhr,fqkd&if aq;vdyf
0,fcidk f;a&m? olvkyfwmudik fwm ig Munfv h Ykdr&atmifvYkd ayghuGm? ol
aomufwmuvnf; uGrf;oD;zufaq;vdyfu?G eD;eD;em;em;uqkid frSm r&Sdbl;?
ta0;BuD; oGm;0,f&wm? aq;vdyf0,fNyD; jyefvm&if yifcsdefvkdYNyD;aeNyD?
'Dvdck snf;yJ vkyfaeawmh igvJ BuH&zef&wmaygh}
aemufwpfcg aq;vdyf0,fcdkif;aomtcg oGm;csifa,mifaqmifí
xGufoGm;NyD;rS wu,froGm;bJ jyefvn S fhNyD; acsmif;Munfh&onf/ yifcsdefvkdY
NyD;avmufrS aq;vdyf0,f&mu jyefvmovkdvkdESifh jyef0ifvmonf/
]'gqkd aq;vdyfuaum}
]olaomufwJh uGrf;oD;zufaq;vdyfukd reuftvkyfukd vmuwnf;u
0,fvmNyD; 0Sux f m;wm? ol aq;vdyfoGm;0,fckdif;NyDqrkd S pGyfus,ftusÐ
Mum;xJ tomvQdKxnfhoGm;wmaygh? 'Dawmh oluvJ igwu,f aq;vdyf
oGm;0,fw,fyJ xifaewm}
pdefaMumifonf olu Y dknpfoludk enf;enf;jzpfjzpf jyefxpf&rS auseyfol
jzpf\/
okYjd zifh wpf&ufwGif pufq&mtvpfrSm csdwfuGif;xJ xnfhí
tqifoifh jyifxm;NyD;jzpfaom rufwm (cJpmvHk;rsm; pDxm;aom pmpk) \
ESpfae&m oH;k ae&mavmufudk wlESifh cyfqwfqwf xkxm;vku d \
f /
!
SK
omrefrsufpdjzifh MunfhvQif rodomaomfvnf; cJpmvHk;rsm;rSm vufonf;cGH RI
avmufuav; jym;oGm;vQifyif yHkESdyf&mrSm tcuftcJ jzpfawmhonf/
N
W
pufq&muvnf; acR;jyef&avmufatmif 'kur© sm;oGm;awmhonf/

rO
]bmyJjzpfjzpfav? 'Dpufq&mudk aus;Zl;awmh wifygw,f?

ou
ty
ynmwpfckudk vG,fv, G fulul&&if wefzkd;xm;csifrS xm;r,f? ckvkd

ea
cufcufcJcJ ,lcJh&wmqkdawmh 'Dynmudk txifrao;&Jawmhbl;? olvkyfyHk

ll b
wi
udik fyHk ckd;Munfh&wm vG,fwmr[kwfb;l uG? tay:pD;uMunfhrS xifxif

ok
&Sm;&Sm; jrif&rSmrkdY acgifrkd;em;u av0ifaygufxd ukwfuwfwuf? xkyfwef;

bo
his
udck GNyD; zufxm;NyD;rS Munfh&wm}

ft
olu ckvdk ynmudk BudK;pm;oif,al ewkef; olYtazuvnf; yHkESdyfpuf

eo
us
awGtaMumif; avhvmonf/ vkyfief;obm0udk penf;emonf/ 'DvdEk Sifh

ial
erc
yHkESdyfpufaxmifEkdifzkdY tqifoifhjzpfvmonf/
mm
Co
25
EGm;ESpfaumifudka&mif;? pkaqmif;xm;orQ xyfjznfhwmawmif puf0,f
zkrdY vHkavmufao;/ okYd&mwGif pdefaMumif ynmoifcho J nfh yHEk Sdyfpufydkif&Sifu
olv Y kyf&nfudkif&nfudk oabmusojzifh ulnDonf/ pufwpfvk;H iSm;vkyfEkdif
atmif pDpOfay;onf/
xkYad emufydkif;wGif pdefaMumif EGm;ausmif;wmudk rawGUMu&awmh/
olpY ufbD; u,f&D,mrSmvnf; EGm;EkdYyHk;awG rawGU&awmh/ puúLxkyfawG?
yHkESdyfrifb;l awGom awGU&awmhonf/
olwt kdY drfonf ckxd wJBuD;wpfvk;H om &Sdao;onf/ yHkESdyfpuftwGuf
pay:wif&jcif;? vQyfppfrD;&atmif BudK;pm;&jcif;wkdYaMumifh tdrfukd jyKjyifzkdY
rpOf;pm;Ekdifao;/
tdrf\ ta&SUbuf wpfjcrf;udk oD;oefYumí yHkESdyfpufcef; vkyfxm;
onf/ xkt d cef;xJ 0ifoGm;vQif ykqd;k pkwcf yfwdwk dk? av;uGuu f sm;
pGyfus,f? cHkzdeyf? okdUwnf;r[kwf? &mbmzdeyf NrD;wdkwkdYudk qifjref;xm;
aom pdefaMumifwpfa,muf yHkESdyfpuf wa*smif;a*smif; ½kdufaewm awGUEkdif
\/
ol0wfaom pGyfus,frSm av;eHpyfjzpf\/ pGyfus,fpuf½Hku &ufvkyf
NyD; tayguftNyJ ygaeaom pGyfus,frsm;udk avvHwif a&mif;avh&Sdonf/
tuGujf rifolrsm;u avvHq0GJ ,f,lNyD; jyefcsKyfonf/ Oyrm pGyfus,f
!
SK
wpfxnfu atmufydkif;pkwfí txufydkif; aumif;onf/ aemufwpfxnf RI
u atmufydkif;aumif;NyD; txufydkif;pkwfonf/ xkEd SpfxnfrS aumif;onfh
N
W
tydkif;ESpfckukd jzwfxkwí f jyefqufvdu k af omtcg csKyf½kd;&m xifjcif;u

rO
vGí J taumif;wpfxnf jzpfvmonf/

ou
ty
wpfcsdKUusawmh av;ydkif;quf&onf/ pGyfus,ftaumif; topf

ea
wpfxnfukd 7 usyf jzpfaecsdefwiG f ESpfydkif;pyfu 4 usyf? av;ydkif;pyfu 3

ll b
wi
usyf jzpf\/ pdefaMumifu 3 usyfwefukd 0,f0wfonf/ xkdUaMumifh

ok
olpY Gyfus,fudk uRefawmfwu dYk av;uGuu f sm;[k ac:Muonf/

bo
his
olonf uwDåygBudK;wyf om;a&zdeyfukd b,fawmhrS rpD;acs/

ft
vuf0g;wHqyd f jynfwiG f;jzpf &mbmzdeyfuko d m pD;onf/ onf;BudK;

eo
us
jywfwkdif; vJpD;&m aemufqHk; zdeyfNrD;wkt d jzpfodkY a&mufonftxdyif/

ial
erc
mm
Co
26
ol\ xl;jcm;csuf wpfckrSm i,fi,fuwnf;u t0wftpm; EGrf;yg;
pkwcf smrItwGuf b,fawmhrS &Sujf cif;? odrfi,fjcif; r&Sd? awmrSmwkef;u
tusÐawmif 0wfwmr[kwfbl;[k olu ajymwwfonf/
olESifhwlwl oGm;onfhtcgwkdif; owdjyKrdwm wpfck&Sd\/ oGm;&if;
vm&if; vrf;ay:rSm oHacsmif;uav;awG? oHuGif;uav;awG tp&Sdojzifh
awGUvQif trSww f rJh ausmfjzwfoGm;jcif;r&Sd/ aumuf,lNyD; tdwx f J
*½kwpdkuf xnfx h m;wwfonf/
]rif;eJU oGm;&vm&wm awmfawmfatmufw,fuGm? [kd[m
ukef;aumuf 'D[mukef;aumufeJU? yvwf pwpfaumufwv Jh l usaewmyJ}
[k uRefawmfajymaomtcg . . . .
]tr,f . . . a[haumif? 'D0g&Smav;wpfuiG f; oGm;0,f&if wpfrwf
avmuf ay;&wm? wpfrwfxuf ta&;BuD;wmu toHk;vkdwht J csdefus&if
odyftzk;d wefw,f? wpfcgwpfav nBuD;rif;BuD; qkdifawG ydwcf sdefusrS
vkcd sifvdw
k wfwm? oHuGif;av;wpfuiG f; r&SdvkdU yHkESdyfpufBuD; wpfckvk;H
&yfxm;&wm b,favmuf epfemovJ? 'g ightazqDu &wJt h usifhuG?
&efuek fa&mufwhJ tcsdefupNyD; wkYdom;tz ESpfa,muf vrf;rSmawGUvkdU
aumufaumufNyD; pkxm;wJh oHwkdoHpav;awG EkdUrIefUbl;eJU wpfb;l avmuf
&aeNyD}
!
SK
wpfcgawmh uRefawmfuk, d fwikd fyif olUtusifh\ toH;k 0ifrIukd awGU
RI
vkud f&onf/ olu wG,fcsdwfuav;wpfck usaewm awGUojzifh aumuf,l
N
W
vmonf/ uRefawmfu olu Y dk[m;onf/ cPMumawmh uRefawmfhzdeyf jywf

rO
oGm;\/ xkt d cg olaumufvmaom wG,fcsdwfudk toH;k jyKjcif;jzifh qufpD;

ou
ty
oGm;vkdY&onfh tajctae jzpfomG ;onf/ xkYdaemufydkif;wGif ol ypönf;

ea
aumufonfh udpöudk uRefawmf ravSmifajymifrdawmh/

ll b
wi
olUtawG;tac:awGu wpfcgwpfav vltrsm;ESifhrwlbJ jzpfaewwf

ok
\/ uRefawmfwdYk rdwaf qGwpfa,muf emwm&Snfa&m*g jzpf&mrS tajctae

bo
his
qk;d vmojzifh aq;½Hkwif&onf/ uRefawmfwdYk owif;oGm;ar;Muonf/

ft
uRefawmfu vdar®mfo;D wkdY rkefYwYkd 0,foGm;csifonf/ pdefaMumifu . . .

eo
us
]bmrS 0,froGm;eJYOD;? vlemu pm;vkYd&r& raocsmbl;? pm;vkYdr&bl;

ial
erc
qk&d if vlaumif;awGu tkyfypfvrd fhr,f? 'gqkd 0,foGm;&wm tusdK;r&Sdbl;}

mm
Co
27
olajymovkd vlem\ tajctaeu raumif;/ tpmvnf; vH;k 0 r0if
awmh/ &ufykdif;twGif; aozkdY usdef;aooavmuf jzpfaeonf/ uRefawmfwYkd
wwfEkdifoavmuf pkNyD; vlemrdom;pkudk axmufyHhzkdY pDpOfMuonf/
pdefaMumihfqD aiGomG ;aumufawmh olu . . .
]vlemu aoawmhrSmyJu?G ckcsdef ykdufqaH y;vJ bmrSrxl;bl;? aoNyD;
awmhvJ ulaiGxnfh&OD;rSmqkdawmh ESpfcgay;ae&r,f? tokbusrS wpfcg
wnf; ay;awmhr,f} [k qkd\/ uRefawmfwdYk pdwx f JrSm ema&;udpörSmawmif
'Daumifu pD;yGm;a&;wGuf wGufaew,fqdNk yD; pdwq f ;kd rdMuonf/
vlemwu,f aoqHk;oGm;onfh tcgusawmh uRefawmfwYu kd
ig;usyfpDavmufyJ ulaiGxnfhEkdifonf/ pdefaMumifuawmh tokb½IU w&m;
emzdwpf mudk tcrJh ½kdufay;jcif;? oN*ØK[fa&;udpörSm tukeftus oufom
atmif pDpOfaqmif½Guaf y;jcif; ponfjzifh tukeftuscHum ulnDwwfjyef
onf/
olu ajym\/
]emwm&Snf vlrrm wpfa,muf qH;k NyDqd&k if aq;ukwhJp&dwf axmif;cJh
vkYd usef&pfwhrJ dom;pkrSm jzLcg jymcgusNyD; usefcJhwwfw,f? oN*ØK[fp&dwf
tcuftcJjzpfzkdY usdef;aoyJ? vlemqHk;vkdY pdwfraumif;jzpf&wmu wpfrsdK;?
aiGr&SdvkdY &Sm&wmu wpf'ku©? odyfpdwq f if;&J&w,f? tJ'Dvdk tcgrsdK;rSm
!
SK
ulnD&wmrS wu,fxdu k w
f efwmuG} RI
olt
Y awG;tac:rsm;onf wpfcgwpfcg em;vnf&cufavonf/
N
W
rO
_______
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
olonf r*FvmaqmifwkdY arG;aeUyGJwkdY odyfoGm;avhr&SdcJh/ tpwkef;

ok
uawmh t0wftpm;aumif;aumif; r&SdaomaMumifh jzpf\/ aemufydkif;us

bo
his
awmh xktd usifhupGJoGm;NyD; awmfawmf&if;ESD;onfh oli,fcsif; r*Fvmaqmif

ft
udak wmif oGm;csifrSomG ;onf/

eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
28
]olwkdUu vkyfp&mr&SdbJtm;aevkYd rdef;r,lMu? r*FvmaqmifMuwmuG?
ighrSm vkyfp&mtvkyfawG tNrJ&Sdw,f? rkefYav;pm;vku d f? [kv
d &lY ,fjyvkduf
'DvY&l ,fjyvku d feJY tv[ó tcsdef rjzKef;Ekdifb;l }
]'guawmhumG ? wpfoufrSmwpfcg r*Fvmaqmif&wmyJ? todtrSwf
jyKwJh taeeJYawmh oGm;zkdYoifhwmaygh}
]igroGm;vJ tJ'Dr*Fvmaqmifu jzpfrSmyJ r[kwfvm;? r*Fvmaqmifudk
vltvmenf;vkYd owkdYom;eJY owkdYorD; r,ljzpfb;l &,fvYkd &SdvkdYvm;uG} [k
qifajcay;wwfonf/ rif; tvum; vlawmrwk;d &JvdYyk g[k uRefawmfwYku d
ESdrfaomfvnf; olu rrI/
oli,fcsif; wpfa,mufa,mufu olYyHkESdyfpufrSm r*Fvmaqmifzdwfpm
tyfvQif b,fawmhrS tvum; ½kdufay;avh r&Sdacs/
]b,fhES,u f Gm olrsm;om;orD;udk aoG;rawmf om;rpyfbJ vkyfauR;wJh
aumifavmufrdkufwm b,f&SdrvJ? tJ'Dvdk aumifrsdK;ukd igu zdwfpm
tvum;½kdufay;&&if uRef0,f&m tqpfygovkd jzpfaerSmaygh} qdkNyD;
cyfajymifajymifyif usoifhaiG awmif;wwfonf/
olonf r*FvmaqmifwdYk arG;aeYwdYo k m roGm;bJaeonf/ ema&;udpö
qkv d Qifawmh b,favmuf tvkyfrsm;rsm; rjzpfrae oGm;wwfonf/
tm;wufoa&m ulnDwwfonf/ tokbudpörSmawmif 'Daumif vmbfjrif
!
SK
yHkudk rMumcP awGUMu&\/ RI
&if;ESD;aom oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf\ tdrfot l drfom;wpfOD;OD; aoqHk;
N
W
vQif olu tokb½Izdwpf m tvum; ½kdufay;avh&Sdonf/ xko d lrsdK;

rO
wpfa,mufa,muf tonf;toefjzpfNyD; arQmfvifhcsuf r&Sdaom tajc

ou
ty
tae? &ufykdif;twGif; zdwfpOfawmhrnfh tajctaersdK;rSm &SdaeNyDqdv k Qif

ea
pdefaMumifonf tokb½IU zdwfpmtwGuf BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm; jyKvkyfav

ll b
wi
awmhonf/
ok
zdwpf m½kdufzkdY puúL&Smxm;onf/ wpfcgwpf&H puúLtqifoifh r&SdvQif

bo
his
tcuftcJ awGU&wwf aomaMumifh jzpf\/ xkt d cgrsdK;wGif &SdaompuúLu

ft
t½G,Bf uD;jzpfaeí jzwfypf&wmrsdK;? puúLtaumif;pm jzpfaeí wefzkd;

eo
us
ydkwufwmrsdK; BuHK&wwfonf/ tvum;½kdufay;&jcif;jzpfí olYtwGuf

ial
erc
aiGuek faMu;us ydkrsm;onf/ xkYdaMumifh ydócsdefESifha&mif;aom puúLjzwfp

mm
Co
29
awG 0,fxm;onf/ NyD;awmh aornfhol\ trnf? rdb? om;orD;? wl?
wlr? nDtpfuk?d armifESr ponfjzifh olrSwrf doavmuf cJpmvHk; pmpDxm;
ESifhonf/ wu,faoNyDqdkaomtcg b,faeY b,ftcsdef qH;k í b,faeY
b,ftcsdef oN*ØK[fNyD; b,faeY&ufvnf qkw d mavmufom jznfzh kdY vkad wmh
onf/
þokdY tqifoifh jyifqifxm;ojzifh em&Dykdif;av; twGif;rSm zdwpf m
½kdufNyD;oGm;onf/ tokb&Sif twGufvnf; zdwpf ma0zkdY tcsdefykd&ojzifh
tqifajyonf/ olYtwGufvnf; tcsdefuek f oufomojzifh tvkyfr½Iyf
awmh/ aoqHk;oluawmh raocifuyif zdwfpm½kdufzkdY pDpOfxm;ESihfwm
odvQif atmifhoufouf jzpf&ayvdrfhrnf/
'ghxufqd;k wm &Sdao;onf/ wpfcgu oli,fcsif; wpfa,muf\
tarqH;k onf/ xko d li,fcsif;rSm twefi,f EGrf;yg;ojzifh wwfEkdiforQ
0kdif;ulMu&\/ pdefaMumifu OD;aqmifonf/ acgif;oGm;rSmaomtcg
uRefawmfvnf; ygoGm;onf/
acgif;awGu aps;BuD;vSonf/ 'grsdK;qkdwmuvnf; usaps;apmifhNyD;
0,fv&kdY onfr[kw/f BudK0,fxm;vkYd jzpfwmvnf;r[kwf/ 0,folbufu
wif;vkdY&Ekdifaom ypön;f rsdK;r[kwf/ okYdwikd fatmif pdefaMumifu r&ru
aps;qpfaeonf/ qkid f&Sifuvnf; olYqikd fu acgif;rsm;rSm tom;aumif;
!
SK
aMumif;? ckdifcHhaMumif; ajymaeonf/ RI
][mAsm . . . tom;aumif;wm bmvkyf&rSmvJ? rD;½IdUypfr,f[ h myJ?
N
W
tdrfrSm tvSxm;rSmrS r[kwfwm}

rO
qkid f&Sifu aps;ravQmhEkdif/ acgif;rSm aool\ trnfESifh toufukd

ou
ty
aiGa&mifpuúLjzifh jyKvkyfay;rnf[k qkd\/ aemufqk;H wGif pdefaMumifu . . .

ea
]ig;q,fawmh avQmhAsm? ESpfv;Hk ,lr,f} [k ajymvku d f\/ uRefawmhf

ll b
wi
EIwrf S [mceJ toHxGuo f Gm;onf/ 'Daumif aygufu& vkyfNyD[k awG;

ok
onf/ qkid f&Sifvnf; rsufvk;H jyL;oGm;onf/ pdefaMumifuawmh twnfyif .

bo
his
..
ft
][kwfNyDvm;? a&mh . . . p&ef ,lxm;vku d f}

eo
us
qkid f&Sifonf r,Hw k pf0uf? ,Hw

k pf0ufESifhyif ajypma&;ay;vkduof nf/
ial
erc
qkid fxu J xGuv f mMuawmh . . .

mm
Co
30
]a[haumif . . . rif; bmawGavQmufvkyfwmvJ? rvkyfaumif;bl;uG}
uRefawmfu ajym&m olu . . .
rif;bmodv?J igwkdY&yfuu G fxJrSm tonf;toefjzpfaewJh vlrrm
wpfa,muf &Sdw,fuG? q&m0efu aeYawmifrul;bl;vkYd ajymxm;w,f?
'DnaorSm usdef;aoyJ? olu Y dpövJ igyJvkduv
f kyfay;&rSm? 'gaMumifh rxl;bl;
qkNd yD; BuHKwkef; rSmcJh&wmyJ? tckMunfhav acgif;ESpfvk;H twGuf aiGwpf&m
oufomoGm;NyD r[kwfvm;}
]wwfvJ wwfEdkifygayhuGm? acgif;awG aps;usaewJt h csdefq&kd if 0,fNyD;
avSmifxm;rvm;awmif rodbl;}
]tHr,f rvkyfaumif;vkdY Munfah ewm ud, k v fh l? 'Dtvkyfavmuf pm;om
wmr&Sdbl;? y&dabm*xJrSm aps;tBuD;qHk;u acgif;yJ? em&DeJYiSm;wJh wuúpDxJ
rSm aps;tBuD;qHk;u tokbum;yJu?G 'DrSm . . . a[haumif? vlawGu
rpm;bJ aevkYo d m&csif&r,f? raobJ aevkdYawmhr&bl;uG? rSwx f m;}
olu rvkyfaumif;vkdYMunfhaewm qkdonfhwikd f ema&; udpöudk
pD;yGm;a&;qefqef vkyfcJhonfh om"uawGawmh &SdcJhonf/ wjcm;awmh
r[kwf/ tokb uefx½kdufqJjG cif;yif jzpfavonf/
aiGaMu;csdKUwJhol wpfOD;OD;aoqHk;í oN*ØK[fp&dwf tcuftcJ jzpfae
vQif olu pdkufxw k f tukeftuscH aqmif½Guaf y;onf/ aphaphpyfpyf
!
SK
vkyfwwfojzifh tukeftus oufomonf/ wifhwifhw,fw,fvnf; RI
jzpfomG ;onf/ tokb½IUzdwfMum;oifholawGukv d nf; wpfa,mufrusef
N
W
pm&if;cs zdwfEdkifojzifh pnfum;onf/ ulaiGvnf; ydk&onf/

rO
'ghtjyif oufqdkif&m &yfuGufvBl uD;qDoGm;NyD; ,ck aoqHk;olrSm

ou
ty
tvGefqif;&Jojzifh oN*ØKvfp&dwyf if rwwfEkdifaMumif;? xkYdaMumifh

ea
taumuftpm;uav;&rS touf½Iacsmifrnf jzpfaMumif; oem;avmuf

ll b
wi
atmifajymí upm;0kdif;vkyfcGifh em;vnfrI,v l ukd fonf/

ok
&yfuuG fxJrS 0goemtavsmuf taysmfupm;olawGtjyif 'grsdK;&SmNyD;

bo
his
vkyfpm;aeolawGudk wpf0kdif;oufouf axmifay;onf/ &onfhtaumufudk

ft
olu odrf;onf/ ulaiGuv dk nf; oluyJ wm0efcHord f;onf/

eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
31
&vmonfhtxJrS olpdkufxkwfxm;onfhaiGukd jyefEIwfonf/ olu
tuGuaf phaph vkyfwwfojzifh tNrJvdv k dk ukefusp&dwfxuf ykdNyD;&wwf
onf/ ykdaiGudk tokb&Siftm; ay;onf/
wpfckawmh&Sdonf/ ,if;ykdaiGudk olu tokbtwGuf ulonfhaiGtjzpf
ay;jcif;jzpf\/ xkYdaMumifh tokb&SifawGu olYudk aus;Zl;awmif wifMu
ao;onf/
wu,fqkdawmh xkdaiGrSm tokb&Sif &ud&k oifhonfh aiGrsm;yifjzpf\/
wpfzufuMunfhawmh olwkdUbmomqkv d Qif rvkyfwwf? rudik fwwfESifh
'Davmuf&rnfr[kwf/ a<u;awmif wifEkdifonf/ pdefaMumifu Mum;0if
aqmif½Guaf y;ojzifh aiGydk&vmonf/ pdefaMumiftaeESifh aiGaMu;t&if;tESD;
pkdufxwk Nf yD; tjrwftpGef;udk vH;k 0rMunfw h m 'Dudpöwpfckawmh &Sdavao;
onf[k qkd&ayvdrfhrnf/
ol ausmif;wufonfh udpöukdvnf; ajymjy&ayOD;rnf/
trSeftm;jzifh olonf tpdk;&tvkyf rvkyfojzifh vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyf
rSm wufa&mufoifMum;cGifhr&S/d okY&d mwGif olYenf;olY[efjzifh b,fvkdBuH
onfrod/ wufa&mufcGifh &cJhonf/
olt Y aejzifh ausmif;rSefrSefwufEkdifzkdY BudK;pm;aomfvnf; tvkyfursm;
ojzifh twef;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk vGwfcJh&onf/ txl;ojzifh pae?
!
SK
we*FaEGaeY aeYv,fydkif;awGrSm &efuek fwuúokv d rf Sm wuf&aom vufawGU
RI
oifwef;csdefrsm;udk odyfrwufjzpf/
N
W
xkYad Mumihf pmar;yGJeD;NyDqdv

k Qif ol 'kur© sm;awmhonf/ twef;azmf
rO
oli,fcsif;awGqDrSm atmufus aemufuscHNyD; pmtkyfiSm;ul;&onf/

ou
ty
]igwkdYvJ rif;vkdyJ tvkyfwpfzufeJY ausmif;wuf&wmyJuG? olrsm;awG

ea
wpfESpfvHk; yifyifyef;yef; oifxm;&wJh rSwpf kukd rif;u tacsmifvdkcsifvdkY

ll b
wi
b,f&rvJ} qkNd yD; 'Daumifhudk 0kdif;a[mufMuonf/

ok
xkt d cgrsdK;rSmawmh olonf rsufESmi,fav;ESifh awmfawmfoem;p&m

bo
his
aumif;\/ wpfa,mufu a[mufvTwv f Qif aemufwpfa,mufqD oGm;NyD;

ft
awmif;yef wk;d vQdK;&onf/ vufzuf&nfwkduf? t&ufwkdufESifh vku d fzm;&

eo
us
onf/
ial
erc
mm
Co
32
vufawGUcef;rSm wm0ef,lonfh o½kyfjyq&m? q&mrrsm;udkvnf;
&Sdckd;awmif;yefNyD; vufawGUoifcef; pmrsm;udk &Sif;jyckdif;&onf/
][ aumif& vufawGUygqk?d wu,fvkyfwwfrS wwfrSmaygh? yg;pyfu
&Sif;jyawmh bmxl;rSmvJ}
]&Sif;om&Sif;jyyg q&m&,f? uRefawmfhrsufpdxJrSm wu,fvyk fovkd
jrifa,mifMunfhygr,f}
]cufawmhwmyJ? pmar;yGJrSm vufawGUvkyf&awmh rif; b,fvkdvkyfrvJ}
]olrsm;vkyfwmMunfhNyD; vkdufvkyfoifh vkyf&rSmyJq&m}
b,fvdyk if BuHzefaomfvnf; pmar;yGJwGif ESpfbmomavmufawmh
rajzEkid f jzpfwwfpNrJyif/ xkt d cg usawmhvnf; oufqdik f&m q&mawGudk
oGm;awGUNyD; idkjy&awmhonf/
]q&m&,f . . . uRefawmfhrSm ½Hk;u&wJh vcav;eJY rpm;avmufvkdY
tjyiftvkyfvJ vkyf&ao;w,f? BuHKovkd ta&mif;t0,fav; vkyf&wmaygh
q&m? wpfcgwpfavvnf; e,fxGu&f wm &Sdao;w,f? uRefawmfhrSm
uav;uvJ ig;a,muf? tazuvJ awmfawmfrrmbl;q&m? 'DbJGU&NyD;rS
&mxl;av; wpfxpfw;kd rSmyg q&m&,f? q&mrS ru,f&ifawmh uRefawmfh
b0 a&pkefarsmygNyD}
ponfjzifh yg;pyfxJawGU&mawG avQmufajymonf/ ESpfwdik f;vkdvkd
!
SK
olrY Sm uav; av;a,mufjzpfvkduf? ig;a,mufjzpfvdu k ?f rkqkd;zkdkjzpfvkdjzpf/
RI
olt Y azuvnf; wpfESpfwpfrsdK;? avjzwfwJhESpfrSm jzwf? aemufwpfESpf
N
W
usawmh ESvk;H a&m*gjzpf? aemufwpfESpf oGufcsmyg' ponfjzifh oefoef

rO
rmrmBuD;ESifh a&m*gtrsdK;rsdK; twyfcHae&&Sm\/

ou
ty
vkyfom;aumvdyfu q&mawG qdw k muvnf; rsm;aomtm;jzifh

ea
em;vnfrI &SdwwfMuonf/ vkyfom;aumvdyfrSm tjcm;wuúodv k f aumvdyf

ll b
wi
rsm;ESifh rwl/ tvkyform;awGcsnf; jzpf\/ tawmfrsm;rsm; uvnf;

ok
tdrfaxmifonfawG jzpfMuonf/
bo
his
olwkdYrS wuúokv d fausmif;om; ausmif;olqNkd yD; aMumhaMumharmharmh

ft
aecGifh&onfr[kw/f wpfaeYv;kH tvkyfvyk f&onf/ tvkyfqif;vkdY olrsm;

eo
us
awG tem;,lcsdefrSm ausmif;udk tajy;tvTm; vmwufMu&onf/

ial
erc
mm
Co
33
NyD;awmh 'Dtcsdefu Akdut f qmqH;k tcsdef/ naepm xrif;pm;csdef/
wpfcsdKUrSm rkefY[if;cg;av; wpfyGJ/ tokyfuav; wpfyef;uef/ wpfcsdKUu
A,maMumfav; ESpfckok;H ckjzifh 0rf;jznfhMu&onf/ wpfcsdKUqkv d Qif aiGtydk
roH;k Ekdifojzifh bmrS rpm;bJ tqmcHMu&onf/ &Spfem&D? &Spfem&DcGJ?
twef;NyD; tdrfjyefa&mufawmh ud;k em&DcGJ? q,fem&D/ xkt d cgusrS
xrif;pm;Mu&onf/
ynmudk vkcd sifveG f;ojzifh qif;&J'ku©cHNyD; ausmif;wufae&&SmolawG?
om;orD;rsufeSm? rdef;rrsufESmawmif 0atmifrMunfhEkdifbJ ½kef;uefvyI f&Sm;
ae&olawG/ wpfcsdKUqkv d Qif ½Hk;rSm vkyfoufawmfawmf rsm;aeNyD/ &mxl;
wufzkdY tcsdefwefaomfvnf; bGUJ r&ao;ojzifh wpfae&onf/ 'Dvdv k lrsdK;
wpfESpfavmuf usvkdufvQif b,favmuf epfem&SmrvJ/
q&mawGu 'DvdkawG;? 'Dvdpk memNyD; tvGefoufñmS pGm aqmif½Guaf y;
wwf\/ 'Dvdv k al wGMum;rSm pdefaMumifvkdaumifuvnf; a&ma,mifNyD;
tcGifhta&;awG &cJhawmhonf/ okYjd zifh ol wpfESpfwpfwef; rSefrSef atmifcJh
onf/
pdefaMumifum; aus;Zl;uef;wwfol wpfa,muf r[kwfacs/ olYudk
ulnDapmifrcJhaom q&mrsm;udk ESpfpOf ykqkd;wpfxnfpDESifh uefawmhavh
&S\
d / oluawmh &ckdifykqd;k [k ajymonf/ trSefrSm &ckdifr[kwf/ 0rf;wGif;
!
SK
bufu &ufaom &ckdifqif csnfvkcH snfrsm;omjzpf\/ RI
xkUd aMumifh uRefawmfwYkdu ol&&SdcJhaom bGUJ udk bDtufpfpD (0rf;wGif;)
N
W
[k ac:Muavonf/
rO
olonf tusDpm;vnf; tvGefoefonf/ vlwpfzufom;udk aemuf

ou
ty
ajymifajymqk&d mwGif pnf;urf;rxm;? umva'oudk rMunf/h olESihf

ea
ywfoufaeolwkdYrSm olaemufajymifonfh'Pfukd tawmfcHMu&onf/

ll b
wi
uRefawmfwkdY oli,fcsif;awGMum;wGif ajymprSwjf yK&onfh tcsuf

ok
wpfcsuf&Sdonf/ tu,fí wpHk wa,mufonf cspfol&nf;pm; &NyDqkdygpdk?Y

bo
his
ol yxrqH;k ajym&rnfu h dpörSm pdefaMumif taMumif;yifjzpf\/

ft
pdefaMumifonf tvGef aygufu& ajymwwfaMumif;/ r[kwfu

eo
us
[kwfu vkyfZmwfawG cif;wwfaMumif;/ olpY um;udk r,Hzk kdY taMumif;

ial
erc
rsm;yif jzpf\/ 'Dvdrk S r[kwfvYkd olYpufuGif;xJ 0ifoGm;vQif rvG,f/

mm
Co
34
oleJY rawGUatmif a&SmifzkdUuvnf; awmfawmfcufonf/ olu ae&m
tESHY avQmufomG ;aewwfojl zpfí wpfauGUr[kwf wpfauGU qH&k onfom
jzpf\/ olESifh qHrk dvkdU rjrifcsifa,mifaqmifomG ;vQif ydkqkd;onf/ aemufu
twif;vkdufNyD; waMumfaMumf ac:wwfonf/ trdcH&NyDqdkvQifvnf; ayguf
u&awGajym? i,fusdK; i,femawG azmfvkdazmf vkyfwwfonf/
&nf;pm;topfpufpufESifh oGm;vm&if; pdefaMumifESifh yufyif;wkd;rdí
rvTrJ a&Smifom rdwq f ufay;&aom tcg . . .
]'gaygh? ud,
k frMumcP ajymaewJh pdefaMumifqkw d m} [k ajymwwfMu
onf/
'Daumifuvnf; olYtaMumif; BudKajymxm;ESifhNyDqdw k m odvdkufNyD/
xktd cg olu tvGef av;av;pm;pm; wnfwnfwHhwhHyHkjzifh EIwq f ufNyD;rS
pum;wpfvk;H ypfoiG f;vkduf\/
]qHyifawG jzwfvkduw f ,f xifw,f}
][ifhtif; . . . tpuwnf;u uRefr qHyif twkdygyJ}
]aMomf . . . [kwfvm;? 'gqkd uRefawmfrSm;wm xifyg&JU} [k rSifao
aoajymNyD; tomxGufvmcJhonf/
bmyJjzpfjzpf aumifrav;&ifxJrSm enf;enf;awmh oHo,0ifomG ;NyD/
oltY &if qHyif&Snef JY aumifrav;wpfa,muf &SdcJhzl;ovm;/ awG;p&m
!
SK
jzpfomG ;NyD/ RI
'Daumif acsmufwGef;rIaMumifh &nf;pm;ESifh uGJrvkjd zpfNyD; xk;d r,f
N
W
Budwrf ,f vkyfoal wGvnf; &Sdonf/ pdefaMumifuawmh rrI/ aemufNrJ

rO
ajymifNrJ/ olY'Pfukd tdrfaxmifonfawGvnf; cHMu&onf/

ou
ty
wpfcgu olonf zdwpf mtwk tapmif oHk;av;q,f ½kdufonf/

ea
zdwpf mxJwGif OD;0if;jrifhu we*FaEGaeYreuf tvSLvkyfrnfjzpfí qufquf

ll b
wi
<uyg[k ½kdufESdyfxm;onf/ zdwpf mawGudk olwkdYusufpm;&m oH;k q,fh

ok
ESpfvrf; ywf0ef;usifrSm olu, dk fwkdif vku

d fa0&if; OD;0if;jrifh ig;aomif;qk
bo
his
aygufvdYk tvSLvkyfjcif;jzpfonf/ 'HaygufESifh a&cJrkefY auR;rnf[k ajym

ft
onf/ OD;0if;jrifhuawmh bmrSrod&Sm/

eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
35
we*FaEGaeYusawmh OD;0if;jrifhtdrfukd {nfhonfawG wzGJzGJ a&mufvm
onf/ yxrtokwf a&mufvmpOf uawmh OD;0if;jrihf bmrS rjzpfao;/
cgwkdif;vkd vmvnfMuw,fxifNyD; . . .
]tkyfpkawmifhvScsnfvm;} [líom ajym\/
aemufxyf a&mufvmMujyefawmh OD;0if;jrifh rsufvHk;jyL;p jyKvm\/
{nfo h nfawG uvnf; tvSLvkyfw,fomqkw d ,f? bmrS jyifqif
xm;onfvnf; rawGU/ pm;yGJawG cif;xm;wmvnf; r&Sd/ tdrf&SifawG
uvnf; 0wfaumif;pm;vS r[kwfojzifh b,fvdkygvdrfh awG;Muonf/
wpfcsdKUuawmh OD;0if;jrifo h nfvnf; aemufajymifwwfojzifh taMumif½kduf
aewmyJ? vlpHkrS auR;vdrfhr,fqkdNyD; xkid fapmifhaeMuonf/ aemufqHk;
ratmifhEkdifou l ...
]uJ . . . udk0if;jrifh b,frvJ 'Hayguf? auR;awmhAsm qmvSNyD}
][if . . . b,fou l auR;r,fajymvkdYvJ}
]bmvJ? taMumifr½kdufeJY? cifAsm;yJ zdwNf yD;awmh}
]rzdw&f ygvm;Asm}
]bm rzdww f mvJ? 'DrSm zdwfpm}
qkNd yD; xkwjf yawmh OD;0if;jrifh tHhMoNyD; . . .
]uRefawmfzdww f m r[kwfb;l ? 'geJY zdwfpm b,fov l may;vJ}
!
SK
]pdefaMumif vmay;wmyJ] RI
]aovkdufygawmh? ratay;av; ½IyfjyefNyD}
N
W
OD;0if;jrifh crsm vufzuf&nfESifh rkefYawG0,fNyD; {nfhonfawGudk

rO
auR;arG;vkduf&\/ pdefaMumifuawmh vHk;0ay:rvmcJhacs/

ou
ty
'DavmufESifh rNyD;ao;/ {nfhonfawGu . . .

ea
]OD;0if;jrifh xDig;aomif;qk aygufw,fqd}k [k ar;Muojzifh r[kwf

ll b
wi
aMumif; &Sif;&ao;onf/
ok
{nfhonfawGudk &Sif;vkdY&aomfvnf; olrY def;rudak wmh &Sif;vkdYr&/

bo
his
b,fvdjk iif;jiif; r,Hk? aiGig;aomif; b,fa&mufoGm;vJ? b,foYl

ft
ay;vkduo f vJ? ckwavm &Sifrlysufaewm r&dyfrdb;l xifvYv kd m;? 'Dtouf

eo
us
t&G,Bf uD;eJY qHyifaq;qkd;&wmeJY? pydkY&Syf 0wfcsif&wmeJY ponfjzifh tawmf

ial
erc
cHvdu
k &f onf/
mm
Co
36
OD;oef;0if;qkdol cH&wm ydkq;kd onf/ wpfaeYwiG f pdefaMumifwdYt
k drfokYd
OD;oef;0if; a&mufvmonf/ um;0,fzdkY aiGok;H aomif;cGJygonfh vufqJG
tdwf cPtyfomG ;onf/
]ig ta&;BuD;wJh udpöav; oGm;p&m&SdvkdYuGm? aoaocsmcsm odrf;ay;
xm;prf;yg? aeYvnfrS vm,lr,f}
pdefaMumifonf wpfckckrvkyfbJ raeEkdif/ tqifoifhcsifawmh olYtdrf
rSm aiGpuúLt½G,f puúLtvGwjf zwfpawG &Sdaeonf/ 'Dawmh aiGpuúLawGudk
xkwf? puúLvGwaf wGudk aiGpuúLtkyfawGvdk wpfxyfpD pnf;NyD; jyefxnfh
xm;onf/
aeYvnfusawmh OD;oef;0if;u bmrS rod&SmbJ vufqJGtdwf vm,l
oGm;onf/ um;0,frnfah e&ma&muf? oufaoawG? pmcsKyfawG tqifoifh
jyifNyD;aemuf OD;oef;0if;u aiGtdwfukd um;ydkif&SifxH xk;d ay;vkduo f nf/
um;ykdif&Sifu tdwzf GifhNyD; txJu aiGpuúLtkyfawGudk qGx J kwfaomtcg
puúLvGwaf wG awGUawmh . . .
][if . . . cifAsm;? 'gbmvkyfwmvJ? oufouf uvdrfuswmaygh
[kwfvm;}
um;ykdif&Sifu &Jwdkifr,f bmnmjzpfa&m? OD;oef;0if;rSm renf; &Sdckd;
OD;wif awmif;yefNyD; pdefaMumifhqD tjrefjyefvmí aiGawG vm,l&onf/
!
SK
pdefaMumifukd vufo;D ESifh xk;d ypfcsifavmufatmif a'guefaeaomfvnf; RI
um;0,fzu kdY dpö ta&;BuD;aeojzifh atmifhxm;vku
d f&av\/
N
W
rO
ou
ty
_______
ea
ll b
wi
ok
wpfcgu uRefawmf NrdKUxJutjyef tdrfa&mufawmh taru qD;íajym

bo
his
onf/
ft
]rif;qDukd w,fvDzkef;vmw,f? rdef;uav;wpfa,muf toHyJ}

eo
us
rdef;uav;toH qku d wnf;u uRefawmf &ifckefoGm;rdNyD/ uRefawmfh

ial
erc
aumifrav; qufwm jzpf&rnf/

mm
Co
37
]bmwJv h J tar}
]oltY az aq;½Hkwifxm;&w,fwJh? ta&;wBuD; aoG;vkad ew,fwh?J
tJ'g olYtazemrnfeJY aoG;oGm;vSLvkduyf gwJh? NyD;rS aq;&HkBuD;? tcef;
wpfq,f? ckwifeHygwfig;udk vmcJhygwJh}
uRefawmf aoG;vSLbPfokYd tjrefomG ;onf/ aoG;vSL&if;uvnf;
'gtuGufy[ J k awG;onf/
xktd csdefu uRefawmfESifh uRefawmfhaumifrav; taMumif;udk olYtdrf
u &dyfrdaeonf/ uRefawmfhtay: odyfrMunfvifvS/ 'Dawmh ckvkd
ta&;ay:udpörSm uRefawmfu tbk;d BuD;twGuf aoG;vSLvkdufjcif;jzifh toH
vTifhZmwfvrf;awGxu J vkd aus;Zl;awGwifNyD; tqifajyrI &oGm;Ekdifonf/
aoG;vSLNyD;awmh aumfzDwpfcGu?f udwfrkefYwpfcsyf tjrefpm;aomuf?
tm;aq;,l? q&mrawGu cPem;aeOD; qkw d mawmif r&bJ tcef;
wpfq,foUkd cyfow k fokwf vmcJhonf/
ckwifeHygwfig;rSm a,mu©ravmif;BuD;udk rawGU&/ bkef;awmfBuD;
wpfyg;om &Sdae\/ xdwfceJjzpfomG ;NyD; ½Hk;cef;xJu q&mrBuD;wpfa,muf
qD oGm;pHkprf;awmh a,mu©ravmif;BuD; emrnfESifh aq;½Hkwufaewm
wpfa,mufrS r&Sdygbl;wJh/ 'DawmhrS pdefaMumifh vufcsufyJqw kd m owdjyKrd
awmhonf/
!
SK
aemufaeY olESiafh wGUawmh rif; ukodkvf&apcsifvkdYyguGm[k pyfNzJNzJ
RI
ajymonf/
N
W
]'geJY rif;ighqD zkef;qufawmh rdef;uav; toHqkd}

rO
]at;av . . . a,musfm;oHqkd igyJqdw k m rif;awG;rSmpkd;vkYd ighnDrudk

ou
ty
rif;aumifrav; a,mifaqmifNyD; qufcdkif;wm}

ea
[k ajymNyD; [m;wku d f&,faeonf/

ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
38
tcef; ( 5 )
yHkESdyfpuftwGuf puúLwkdY yHkeSdyfrifwkdY oGm;0,f&if; xkvd kyfief;taMumif;

udk waphwapmif; odcGifh&vmonf/ ukefo, G fa&;rS puúL*dka'giftjyif 32
vrf; wpf0kduf&Sd puúLqkdifrsm;rSmyg yGJpm;awGudk awGUEdkifonf/
pddefaMumifum; pHkaxmufOD;pH&Sm;vkdyif trSww f rJhyif raewwfol?
em;rsufpdukd tpOfzGifhxm;oljzpf\/ puúLqkdifrSm ukef0,fpmtkyfxyfNyD;
apmifhaeonfh tcgrsm;wGif yGJpm;awGESifh pum;ajymonf/ olwkdYtvkyf
taMumif; ar;jref;pyfpkonf/ olwYkd bmawG vkyfMuovJ avhvmonf/
!
SK
yHkESdyfpufrsm;twGuf ukef0,fpmtkyfrsm; xkwfay;xm;onf/ ukefo, RI G f
a&;rS puúL? yHkESdyfrif ponfwkdY tvsif;oifhovkd xkwfay;avh&Sdonf/
N
W
tjyifrSmjyefa&mif;vQif tjrwftawmf &wwf\/ yGJpm;awGu ypön;f

rO
aumufonf/
ou
ty
yGJpm; trsdK;rsdK; &Sdonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh yGJpm;qkdaomfvnf;

ea
a&TBudKoabmrsdK; tqifhavmufomjzpf\/ ypön;f vmxkwo f l &SdvQif

ll b
wi
a&mif;rvm;ar;onf/ a&mif;rnfqkdvQif aps;ajymNyD; tqifajyaomtcg

ok
aiGxyk fudkif apmifhaeonfh yGJpm;tppfxH ac:oGm;onf/ ta&mif;t0,fjzpf

bo
his
onfh aiGyrmPay: rlwnfí yGJc&onf/

ft
'Dvdyk g;pyfpkdufonfh yGJpm;awGuvnf; trsm;tjym; ajccsif;vdrfaeMu

eo
us
onf/ olwdkYonf reuf tdrfuxGufvmvQif vrf;p&dwfuvGJí tydk

ial
erc
mm
Co
39
wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS ryg/ puúLqkid fa&mufrS vufzuf&nfwu kd f rkefYauR;rnfh
'um&Smonf/ xkdYaemuf vkyfief;ponf/
xrif;pm;csdefa&mufvdYk tvkyfjzpfxm;NyD;vQif qkid frSmoGm;pm;onf/
tvkyfrjzpfao;vQif rkefY[if;cg;wkdY tokyfwdYk auR;rnfh'um &Smjyefonf/
b,fvdyk J jzpfjzpf naeapmif;vQifawmh aiGtawmftoifh &wwfpNrJ/
xdt k cg tdrfurdef;rvuf jyeftyfzkdY aiGtcsdKU csefxm;NyD; usefwmudk
ykZGefawmif? Adkvfwaxmif? 42 vrf;? bkef;BuD;vrf; paom t&ufjzL
qkid fawGrSm aomufpm;ypfMuonf/
aemufwpfaeYusawmh vufcsnf;oufouf a&mufvmMujyefonf/
yg;pyfyGJpm; trsm;pkrSm xkdoHo&mtwdik f; vnfaeMu\/
aiGxyk f udkifxm;Ekdifoal wGrSmvnf; ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm; &Sd\/ wpfrsdK;u
ud, k fydkifaiGESifh ypönf;aumufjcif;jzpf\
wpfrsdK;u puúLqkdifBuD;awGu xkwfay;xm;aomaiGukd udik fxm;onf/
ypön;f awGaumufNyD; naeusawmh qkdifBuD;udkoGm;oGif;? aiGpm&if;&Sif;NyD;
olt Y wGuf usefonfhtjrwfudk xkwf,l&onf/
yg;pyfyGJpm;awGrSm olt Y kyfpkESifhol? olYabmhpfESifhol &Sdonf/ wpfa,muf
wnf;cRefNyD; 0ifwd;k zkdYrvG,f/ ud, k fwkdifaumufzkdY usawmhvnf; olrY Sm
aiGr&Sd/ aiGxw k fay;zkdY puúLqkid fBuD;awGudk ajymzkdYvnf; rjzpfEkdif/ olYvkd
!
SK
tpdrf;oufouf 0ifvmol wpfa,mufudk ,HkMunfrnfr[kwf/ RI
pdwu f l;wpfck&onf/ wpfcsdKUpufawGrSm yHkESdyfpuf[lí rnfumrwÅom
N
W
jzpf\/ rSwyf Hkwif&½Hktjzpfavmuf qifxm;jcif;jzpf\/ [kwfwyd wfwd

rO
½kdufvdYv k nf;r&/ tvkyfvnf; rnfrnf&& r&Sd/ wpfywfaevkYd tvkyfwpfck

ou
ty
jzpfonfr[kwf/ xkpd ufrsdK;\ t"du0ifaiGu ukefoG,fa&;rS xkwfay;aom

ea
puúL? rif ponfwdYkudk tjyifrSm jyefa&mif;jcif;yifjzpf\/ 'gudk olwkdY

ll b
wi
avmurSm tpd;k & axmufyHhaMu;[k ac:onf/

ok
'Dvdpk ufrsdK; ESpfck oHk;ckavmufESifh tquftoG,f&vQif rqk;d vS/

bo
his
ypön;f xkwfay;onfhtcg bmawGygonf? b,favmufzkd;&Sdonf?

ft
aygufaps; b,favmuf &Sdonfqdw k m pHkprf;rnf/ NyD;awmh xkpd ufrsm;

eo
us
&Sd&mokdYoGm;rnf/ yGJpm;awGay;onfh aps;twkid f;ay;rnf/ olwkdYtzkdu Y vnf;

ial
erc
uk, d fwkdif ypön;f oGm;xkwfp&m rvkb d J tdrfrSmae&if; aygufaps;twkid f;

mm
Co
40
&rnfjzpfí oabmwlrSm aocsmonf/ pdefaMumiftzkYv d nf; olYpuftwGuf
ypön;f xkwf&if; c&D;oGm;[efvTJ vkyf½Hkjzifh tydk0ifaiG &Edkifonf/ pufoHk;
pufpmavmufawmh olYrSm aiG&Sdonf/
wpfckyJ jyóem &Sdonf/
ukef0,fpmtkyw f Gif ykdif&SifESifh ud,k fpm;vS,fwdYk\ "mwfyHkrsm; uyfxm;
&onf/ xko d lrsm;rS vGv J Qif ypön;f 0,f,lcGifhr&Sd/ 'gvnf; odyfawmh
ta&;rBuD;/ yGJpm;awG b,fvv kd kyfovJ? 'Dtwkdif; vkdufvkyf½Hkaygh/
wu,fwrf;usawmh olxifoavmuf rvG,fyg/ e*dkuwnf;u
tBuHtzefvyk fNyD; yHkESdyfpuf axmifxm;olrsm;jzpfí vlvnfusNyD;om;/
olcY sdwfqufESifhol &SdMuNyD;om;/ yHkESdyfpufwpfck qkdvQif . . .
xkpd uf&Sd&mokdY vdyfpmtwkdif; oGm;onf/ tawmfar;jref; &SmazG&\/
&yfuu G f&Sd vlrsm;u yHkESdyfpuf&SdrSef;awmif odyfrodMu/ 'Davmuf acsmifBudK
acsmifMum;rSm yHkESdyfpufvmzGifhxm;wm tHhMozkdUawmifaumif;onf/
a&mufygNyD/ wJomom tdrfusOf;usOf;av; wpfvkH;omjzpf\/
qkid f;bkwaf wmh&Sdonf/ uka#uk#m yHkESdyfwkduf qkyd gvm;/ ol NyHK;csifoGm;
onf/
tdrfayguf0rSm &yfvdu k fNyD; twGif;udk Munfhonf/ rdef;rBuD;
wpfa,mufomawGUonf/ toufig;q,fausmf ajcmufq,fwiG f;[k
!
SK
cefrY Sef;&onf/ usm;ysHraumufvm;? rpdefneG fYvm; rod? aq;ayghvdyfBuD; RI
udk zGmae\/ pdefaMumifudkjrifawmh . . .
N
W
]bmudpöv}J [k xkdif&mu rx ar;onf/

rO
]yHkESdyfpuf udpöyg} vnf; qkdvu kd fa&m rdef;rBuD;onf aq;ayghvdyfudk

ou
ty
ig;aowåmbl;cGHxJ xnfhvkdufNyD; t½G,Ef Sifh rvku d fatmif oGufvuf

ea
zswfvwfpGm x&yfvdu k fNyD; . . .

ll b
wi
]aMomf . . . <uyg&Sif <uyg? xkid fyg}

ok
qkNd yD; wpfvk;H wnf;aom yufvufuv k m;xkdifukd nTefjyonf/

bo
his
pdefaMumifvnf; 0ifxdik fvdkufNyD; tdrfa&SUcef;udk rsufpdupm;Munfh

ft
onf/ yHkESdyfpuf rqkx d m;ESifh pufESifhwlwmqkdvkdY BuH&nfBudwfpufawmif

eo
us
rawGU&/ ol [kd[dk'D'D Munfhwmudk rdef;rBuD;u rvHkrvJ toHjzifh . . .

ial
erc
mm
Co
41
][kad v . . . yHkESdyfpufuawmh jyifzdkY,loGm;w,f? [ko d if; . . . bmvJ
jzKpfjywfvdUk qkv d m;}
jzKpfjywfwmu vQyfppfrD;ESifhom qkid fonf/ yHkESdyfpufESifh vH;k 0 rywf
ouf/ aemuf jzKpfjywfwmavmufu ig;rdepfavmufMumatmif jyifvdu k f½Hk
ESifhNyD;onf/ rdef;rBuD; em;rvnfvkYd ajymwmaerSmyJ/
'gvnf; rjzpfEkdifao;/ yHkESdyfpufqkdonfrSm ysufvQif tpdwt f ydkif;
wpfckcsif;om ysufavh&Sdonf/ ysufonfhtydkif;udk jzKwf,l oGm;½Hkom/
pufBuD;wpfckvk;H o,fomG ;p&mrvk/d rdef;rBuD;udk wpfa,mufa,mufu
rsm; ESyfcsoGm;wmvm;/
olpOf;pm;aewkef; rdef;rBuD;u tdrfwiG f;buf 0ifoGm;NyD; cPtMumrSm
a&aEG;Murf;tkd;,lNyD; jyefxGufvmonf/ ajryJwpfyef;uefESifh xef;vsuf
ykvif;vnf; ygonf/
]tdrfuvlawGu tjyifxu G faeMuvkYd vufzuf&nfav;awmif rSm
rwku d fEkdifb;l ? tm;emp&m aumif;vkdufwm}
][m . . . &ygw,f tefwD? uRefawmf aomufcJhNyD;ygNyD}
awmfawmf apwemaumif;wJh rdef;rBuD;yJ? cyf½kd;½kd; cyftt xifyg&JU
[kawG;&if; tvkyfjzpfavmufonf[k ,lqvku d fonf/ wpfck&Sdwmu
'Drdef;rBuD;u ajyma&;qkdcGifh&Sdolaum [kwf&JUvm;/
!
SK
]tefwu D tJ . . . pufydkif&Sifu b,folrsm;vJ} RI
]tefwyD gyJu, G f . . . tefwDyg}
N
W
[k ysmysmovJ ajzonf/ pdefaMumif b,fvdkpajymrvJ pOf;pm;ae

rO
wkef; rdef;rBuD;u r0Hhr&J[efjzifh . . .

ou
ty
]'geJY pdwrf &SdygeJUaemf? ighwl NrdKUe,f vkyfief;ppfuvm;[if}

ea
'gaMumifh 'Davmuf ysLysLiSmiSm jzpfaewmudk;[k tawG;aygufomG ;&

ll b
wi
onf/ r[kwfb;l qkdvQif xef;vsufykvif;awmif jyefodrf;oGm;rvm; rod/

ok
]r[kwfygbl; tefwD? uRefawmf vmwJhudpöu . . . }

bo
his
qkNd yD; vm&if;taMumif;udk ajymjyvku d fonf/

ft
xktd cg rdef;rBuD;\[efyefrSm ½kwjf cnf; ajymif;vJomG ;\/ ,ddYak eaom

eo
us
ud,k frSm csufcsif; rwfceJjzpfoGm;NyD; . . .

ial
erc
mm
Co
42
]ighwl aemufusoGm;NyD? ukef0,fpmtkyfudk vay;eJY iSm;xm;vkduNf yD
uG,fh}
pdefaMumifu xjyef&ef zif<uovkd vkyfvdu k o f nfwGif
]wpfckawmh&Sdwmayghav? olrsm;xuf ydkay;Ekdifr,fqkd&ifawmh . . . }
]tefwD tck b,favmufeJU iSm;xm;wmvJ}
rdef;rBuD;u cPawGaeNyD; . . .
]av;&meJY}
rjzpfEkdif/ oH;k &mxufrydkEkdif[k pdwxf JuwGufonf/ 'gudk rdef;rBuD;u
vnf; &dyfrdyHk&\/
]pay: wifxm;r,fqkd&ifawmh enf;enf;yg;yg; avQmhoifh avQmh&rSm
ayghav}
tawmfvnfwhJ rdef;rBuD;yJ/ bmyJjzpfjzpf od&atmifawmh ar;MunfhOD;
rS[k awG;NyD; . . .
]pay: b,favmufay;&rvJ tefw}D
]ig;axmif}
rdef;rBuD;u av;xyfwdu k fydkif&Sif wpfOD;yHkpHrsdK; avoHjzifhajym\/
][m . . . rsm;vScsnfvm;}
]rrsm;ygbl;uG,f? [kdav . . . udkacgif;BuD;qDu BudK,lxm;wJh
!
SK
aiGuav;vJ jyefay;&OD;rSmudk;} RI
]ukad cgif;BuD;}
N
W
pdefaMumif xkdrQomajymNyD; tvsiftjref EIwq f ufí xjyefvmcJh\/

rO
udak cgif;BuD;ESifh vkyfxm;onfh tvkyfqdv k Qif ol0ifvdYkr&EkdifrSef; aumif;

ou
ty
aumif;odonf/ udkacgif;BuD; qkw d mu puúLyGJpm;avmu\ bk&ifwpfyg;

ea
jzpfaomaMumifhyif/
ll b
wi
olpuúL oGm;xkwf&if; udak cgif;BuD;ESifh awGUawmh ar;Munfhonf/

ok
udak cgif;BuD;u w[m;[m; &,fNyD; . . .

bo
his
]rif;ES,u f Gm? uka#uk#m oJukd;jzmeJYrS awGUvmwmudk;? odyfvnfwJh

ft
tzGm;BuD;uG}
eo
us
]'geJY olYukef0,fpmtkyf udkacgif;BuD;qDrSm iSm;xm;w,fqkd}

ial
erc
]tJ'gu MumygNyD? jyóemawGawmif wufNyD;NyD}

mm
Co
43
]b,fvdk jyóemwufvkdYvJ}
]olY ukef0,fpmtkyfukd wpfvoHk;&meJY iSm;r,fqkdvkdY vlwpfa,mufeJY
qufay;vkduw f ,f? oH;k vpm BudKawmif;vkdY aiGudk;&m ay;vkdu&f w,f?
vkyfyHku awmfawmfykdifw,fuG? pmtkyfoufwrf;wdk;cgeD; wpfvavmuf
tvkdrSm iSm;wmudk;? aemufawmh oufwrf;wkd;zkdq Y Nkd yD; pmtkyfcP jyef,l
w,f? NyD;vJNyD;a&m wjcm;vlwpfa,mufukd iSm;vkdujf yefa&m? jyóem
wufawmh olrodbl;wJh? olo Y m;u iSm;vkduw f m? jyefawmif;ay;r,f
bmnmqkNd yD; tcsdefqJ?G aemufwpfcg aiGjyefay;r,fqNkd yD; &ufcsdef;
cPcPay;? w&m;pGJ&atmifuvJ aiGu odyftrsm;BuD;rS r[kwfwm?
&Jwdik fr,f bmnmjcdrf;ajcmufMunfhawmhvJ idkBuD;csufreJY oem;avmuf
atmif awmif;yefjyefa&m? aemufqk;H aiGajcmuf&m ESpfvpmayghumG ?
qH;k oGm;wmyJ tzwfwifw,f}
]'gqkd uRefawmhfvJ tJ'Dvdk vSrd fhrvkYdxifw,f? r[kwrf SvaGJ &m olYrSm
pufawmif r&Sdawmhb;l xifw,f? rawGUcJhb;l }
]b,fawGUrvJ? tpuwnf;u &SdrSr&SdbJ}
]b,fvd}k
]a[haumifav;a&? BuHwwfzefwwf&if pufqdv k dYk cJwHcRefpuf wpfvk;H
awmif r&Sb d JeJYvJ pufydkif&Sif jzpfEkdifw,fu}G
!
SK
qkNd yD; udkacgif;BuD;u qufvuf&Sif;jyonf/ RI
]'Dvdu k ?G yHkESdyfpufaxmifzkdY rSwyf HkwifavQmufwJhtcg oufqdik f&mu
N
W
vmppf&w,f r[kwfvm;? tJ'DtcsdefrSm pufopfwpfv;Hk udk tqifoifh

rO
iSm;xm;NyD; jyvku d fwmaygh? rSwfyHkwif&awmh iSm;xm;wJph ufudk jyefay;vkduf

ou
ty
wmaygh? tJ'Dvdv k yk fwhJ vlawGukyd J oD;oefYiSm;pm;wJh yHkESdyfpufawGawmif

ea
&Sdao;w,f}
ll b
wi
][m . . . w,fNyD; [efuswmyJ? uRefawmfhvJ pmtkyfwpftkyaf vmuf

ok
&atmif BuHzefay;prf;yg? ukdacgif;BuD;udk yGJcay;yghr,f}

bo
his
]acG;om;av; . . . tJ'gt&ifuuG? tckr&awmhb;l ? rif;eJY ckawGUcJw h Jh

ft
rdef;rBuD;awmif tBuHtzefvyk fxm;wmrdoGm;vkYd rSwyf Hkwif jyefodrf;vkdufNyD?

eo
us
uHaumif;vkdY axmifruswm}
ial
erc
]bmjzpfvdYk rdoGm;wmvJ}
mm
Co
44
]olvdrfxm;wJh vlu oGm;wkdifvdu k vf Yakd yghuG}
][m ... uRefawmfvJ uHaumif;vkdU tvdrfrcH&wmyJaemf? 'geJYawmif
uRefawmfhudk cyfwnfwnfeJY pay: ig;axmifawG bmawG awmif;vkduf
ao;w,f}
]at;aygh . . . wu,fvkdY rif;u p&efav;bmav; ig;&m wpfaxmif
ay;vkdu&f if qH;k NyDaygh? iSm;xm;wJhvu l c&D;vGefaevkYd bmjzpfaevkdY
nmjzpfaevkYd qkdNyD; rif;udk qufvSdrfhrSmyJ}
pdefaMumif ynmwpfck wk;d oGm;onf/ ud, k fu b,favmufvsifw,f
ajymajym ae&mwkdif;awmh ruRrf;Ekdif/ olaY e&mESifhol ykdifEkdifolawG&Sdonf/
xkod lrsdK;awGudk aygif;xm;&rnf/ olwkdYqDu ynm,l&rnf/ vkt d yfvQif
toHk;cs&rnf/ xkdYaMumifh . . .
]udak cgif;BuD; . . . naetm;vm;[if}
]bmjzpfvdYv k J? OD;b&if um;*dwfudkawmh cPoGm;p&m &Sdw,f? rEÅav;
ypön;f ydkYwhJ udpöoGm;ar;rvkY}d
]uRefawmfvJ vkdurf ,fav? NyD;&if oH;k q,fh&Spfvrf;u *g;'if;rSm
xrif;pm;&atmif}
]aumif;om;yJ}
xkad eUu udak cgif;BuD;ESifhtwl OD;b&ifum;*dwfukd vku d foGm;&if;
!
SK
rEÅav;udk yHkESdyfvyk fief;oHk; ypön;f awG wifykdYonfhtaMumif; avhvmcGifh RI
&cJ\h /
N
W
olyY HkESdyfpufcef;xJ 0ifvkdufNyD; . . .

rO
]a&eHqaD pmf eHvdu k w

f muGm}
ou
ty
[k uRefawmfuajymvQif olqJwwfonf/ olu yHkESdyfrifxJrSm a&eHqD

ea
a&ma&mNyD; ½kdufwwfaomaMumifhjzpf\/
ll b
wi
]rif;uawmh ta&mtaESm ckxd 0goemygwkef; yJaemf? EGm;EkdYwkef;u

ok
vnf; a&a&mw,f? ck yHkESdyfpufusawmhvnf; a&eHqD a&mw,f}

bo
his
]tqifhjrifhvmwJh oabmayghuGm? olrsm;awGvJ vkyfaeMuwmyJ?

ft
tcsdKrIefYxJrSm qm;wkdY oMum;wkdY a&mw,f? yJqx D JrSm pm;tkef;qDa&mw,f?

eo
us
oeyfcg;rIefYxJrSm ydawmufom; trIefYawG a&mw,f? EdkYrIefYxJrSm yJrIefY

ial
erc
mm
Co
45
a&mw,f? twkvkyfwmxufpm&if tppfukd enf;enf;a&mwmu tEÅ&m,f
r&Sdygbl;uGm? [kwb f l;vm;} [k qifajcay;onf/
olyY EHk Sdyfwdu
k u
f dk tvkyfvmtyfNyDqdv k Qif erlem½kdufxm;aom pm½Guf
awGxw k fjyonf/ xkderlemrsm;rSm olYpufu ½kdufwmawGr[kwf/ 0if;armuf?
atmifrdwq f uf? opöm? umvm armifarmifvS paom pufaumif;aumif;
awGu ½kdufxm;aom pm½Gufrsm;udk jyjcif;jzpf\/
tvkyftyfol q,fa,mufvQif ud;k a,mufavmufrSm rtyfcifom
awmifajymajrmufajym ajymrnf/ vma½G;onft h cgusawmh erlem jyxm;
ovkd aumif;&JUvm;[k wkdufMunfhavhr&SdMu/ &ufcsdef;rSefrSef &vQifyif
auseyfNyDjzpf\/ 'Dvdt k aMumudk pdefaMumifu aumif;aumif;odonf/
wcsdKU zdwfpmtyfoal wGusawmh olwkdYBudKufonfh erlemzdwpf mrsm;
,lvmwwfonf/ xkt d csdefu acwftpm;qH;k zdwpf mrsm;rSm tom;azmif;
[kac:aom puúL? odYkr[kwf uwfjym;ay:rS yef;yHk? vdyfjymyHk? tonf;yHk
ponfjzifh puúLom;ay:rSm azmif;<uay:vGifaeaom trsdK;tpm;jzpfonf/
wcsdKUpufawGu uk, d bfh momvkyf,Nl yD; wcsdKUuawmh toifhjyKvkyfNyD;om;
udk 'DZdkif;oHk;av;rsdK; 0,fxm;onf/ pdefaMumifuvnf; toifhjyKvkyfNyD;
om;udk 0,foHk;oljzpf\/
zdwpf mvmtyfol ,lvmonfh erlemonf olYrSm toifh&Sdaewm
!
SK
ESifhwlvQif . . . RI
][m . . . odyfaumif;wmaygh? 'g aemufq;Hk xGufwJh 'DZkdif;yJ?
N
W
tpfukBd uD;u awmfawmf acwfrDw,f}

rO
[k qkw d wfonf/ tu,fí erlemu olYrSmr&Sdwm jzpfaevQif . . .

ou
ty
]'grsdK;u ½kd;aeNyD? ay:wmyJ av;ig;q,fESpf&SdvkdY tck odyfawmif

ea
roH;k Muawmhb;l ? uRefawmfhqDrSm aemufqk;H ay: 'DZkdif;awG&Sdw,f}

ll b
wi
qkNd yD; toifh&SdwmawG xkwfjyonf/ 'grS tyfou l rBudKufbJ

ok
oleY rlemtwkdif;om vkyfay;ygqkdvQifawmh pdefaMumifwkdYu ydkBudKufao;

bo
his
onf/
ft
]'gawGu odyfroH;k awmhb;l qkad wmh &Sm&rSm rvG,fb;l ? tom;azmif;

eo
us
vkyfzkdY bavmuftopf tyfcsiftyf&r,f? NyD;awmh topfxyf½kduf&r,f?

ial
erc
enf;enf; ydkukefrSmaemf}
mm
Co
46
r*Fvmaqmifqdw k mu wpfoufrSm wpfcg aqmifMujcif;jzpf\/
xdYak Mumifh zdwpf mtyfonfh tawGUtBuHKr&Sdwm aocsmaygufyJ/
NyD;awmh b,favmuf uyfap;ESJoljzpfjzpf 'DvkdudpörsdK;rSmawmh
aiGuek fcHzkdY 0efrav;Mu/ zdwfpmuvJ wpfapmifukd b,favmufuswm[k
rdef;uav;bufudk ajymcGifh&OD;rSmud;k /
]vkyfom vkyfyg}
qkad om pum;xGufvmNyDqdkvQif pdefaMumif aumif;aumif;&dwNf yD/
wu,fawmh olt Y zdkY bmrSxl;NyD; rukefusyg/ erlemay;onfh 'DZkdif;ESifh
wlonfh puúLuwfjym;udk 32 vrff; oGm;0,f&wmav;yJ tvkyfydkonf/
'grsdK; t½Guw f pfaxmif,lrvm;? wpfaomif; ,lrvm; toifhvkyfNyD;om;
awG yHkaeonf/
'gaMumifhvnf; olYyHkESdyfwdkufudk a½T"m;r yHkESdyfwkdufvYkd trnf
ay;xm;wmyJaygh/ ckwrf ,f? xpfr,f? vS;D r,f qko d nfhoabm/ oluawmh
'Dt"dyÜm,frsdK; r[kwf&yg[k jiif;onf/
]igyHkESdyfpufvkyfr,fvkdY pdwful;aewkef; wpfnrSm tdyfrufrufw,fuG?
tdyfrufxJrSm 0wfjzLpifMu,feJU yk*d¾KvfBuD;wpfa,mufu ighudk
a½T"m;rav; wpfvufay;NyD; ighom; 'geJY wpfoufvk;H vkyfpm;ayawmhvkdY
ajymoGm;w,f? 'gaMumifh 'Demrnf ay;wmyguG}
!
SK
]rif;taMumif; odaevkdY rif;eJYvu kd fwm ay;wmaerSmyguGm} RI
uRefawmfu xkt d csdefrSm pmpa&;aeNyD/ yHkESdyfvkyfief;udkvnf; pdw0f if
N
W
pm;onf/ xkYad Mumifh tm;vQif pdefaMumifh yHkESdyfwdu k fudk oGm;Munfhwwf

rO
onf/ vkyfp&m&SdvQif 0ifulvkyfay;wwfonf/

ou
ty
wpfcgwpf&H pvpfxkd;ay;&onf/ pvpfxd;k onfqkdonfrSm rifom;

ea
rsm;rsm; ½kdufonfhtcg puúL wpf½GufESifh wpf½Gux f yfvQif uyfuek fwwf

ll b
wi
onf/ xkt d cg puúLwpf½GuEf Sifh wpf½Gut f Mum;wGif qDpdrfpuúLudk

ok
Mum;cHxnfhay;&jcif;udk ac:jcif;jzpf\/
bo
his
wpfcgwpfavusawmh a½TrifaiGriftrIefYawGudk *Grf;pav;ESifh wkYNd yD;

ft
okwfay;&\/ a½TaiGazmif;<u½kdufNyDqkv d Qif ykdtvkyf½Iyfonf/ pufudk

eo
us
cyfjznf;jznf;vnfapNyD; ½kduf&onf/ ½kdufNyD;orQ rifrajcmufcif azmif;<u

ial
erc
aq;rIefYrsm; jzL;&onf/
mm
Co
47
ydkíoyf&yfapcsifvQif aq;rIefYjzL;NyD;om; uwfjym;awGudk wpfckESifh
wpfck rxyfbJ jzefYcsxm;&onf/ NyD;awmhrS uwfjym;\ ausmbufukd
rD;uifay;&onf/ xkdtcg aq;rIefYrsm; t&nfaysmfNyD; azmif;<uvmonf/
olwpdkY ufrSmawmh rD;aoG;rD;ESifh uif&onf/ tylay;&mrSm vkt d yf
oavmuf uGufwjd zpfzkdY ta&;BuD;onf/ rD;enf;vQif odyfrazmif;bJ
jAKwfxaewwfonf/ rD;rsm;awmhvnf; puúLawG rD;uRrf;jcif; aumhvef
jcif;rsm; jzpfwwf\/ 0if;armufwdYv k kd? ynmtvif;jywkYdvkd pufawGrSmawmh
tylay;onfhpufjzifh tvG,fwul jyKvkyfMuonf/
pdefaMumifonf tvkyftyfolrsm;udk ajr§mufwefajr§muf? acsmhwefacsmh?
atmufusdKUNyD; tvkyfjzpfatmif qufqw H wfwmawmh rSefonf/ wpfcg
wpfavawmh uwfoD;uwfzJh vkyfcsifaom nmOfudk azsmufvdkYr&/
wpf&ufrSm olwkdY&yfuu G fxdyf tat;qkdifu aumifrav; zdwpf m
vmtyfonf/ pdefaMumifrSm olY0oDtwkdif; raemufrajymifbJ raeEkdif/
]tHr,f . . . b,fwkef;u BudwfBuHvdu k w
f mvJ? igwkdYawmif rodvkduf
bl;}
aumifrav; rsufESm&JceJjzpfoGm;NyD; . . .
]tkd . . . bmawGavQmufajymaewmvJ? ighwlav; arG;aeYvyk frvkdY
zdwpf mvmtyfwm}
!
SK
]aMomf . . . rodygbl;? aqm&D;yJ} RI
zdwpf m½kdufrnfh yHkpH? ½Guaf & ponfwdYk wGufcsufNyD; b,favmuf
N
W
usaMumif; ajymjyaomtcg aumifrav;u . . .

rO
][if . . . rsm;vkduw f m? avQmhygOD;}

ou
ty
]avQmhxm;wmyJ? 'DhxufavQmh&if vufpl;rdawmhr,f}

ea
]bm . . . bmvufpl;wmvJ}
ll b
wi
aumifrav; em;rvnfojzifh olu &Sif;jyonf/

ok
]'Dvdak v[m? wpfcgu armfvNrdKifu vlwpfa,muf &efukefwufvm

bo
his
awmh olwdkYqDu 'l;&if;oD; b,favmufBuD;aMumif; <um;w,f? usKyfwdYk

ft
qDu 'l;&if;oD;rsm; BuD;rSBuD;? a[m'Davmuf &Sdw,fqkdNyD; vufESpfzufudk

eo
us
qefYNyD; qefaum0kdif;avmuf vkyfjyw,f? &efukefu vlu [m . . .

ial
erc
'DavmufBuD;awmhvnf; rjzpfEkdifbl; qkad wmh 'Davmufawmh &Sdygw,fAs

mm
Co
48
qkNd yD; enf;enf;avQmh 0kdif;wmayghav? 'gvJ BuD;ao;w,fqkdvkdY enf;enf;
xyfavQmh&if; avQmh&if; aemufqk;H wu,f'h l;&if;oD; t½G,af vmufvJ
a&mufa&m 'Dxufawmh ravQmhEkdifawmhb;l ? vufpl;rdawmhr,fAs vkYd
ajymowJ?h tJ'gajymwmyg}
aumifrav;&,fonf/
]awmfawmf ajymwwfw,f? uJyg vufpl;csifvJ pl;ygapaygh? avQmhay;
OD;? wpf&yfuu G fwnf; aewJv h lawGyJ[m? tvum;awmif ½kdufay;zkdY
aumif;w,f}
pdefaMumifonf csufcsif; yufceJ jyefajymvkduf\/
]Mo eifwdYkuaum wpf&yfuGufwnf; aewJv h lcsif;rkdYqNkd yD; ighudk
tat;wpfcGuf tvum; wkdufzl;vkdYvm;}
][,f . . . 'guawmh pD;yGm;a&;ukd;}
]tJ . . . iguawmh taysmfwrf;vkyfaevkYv d m;}
]eif vmaomuf&if igaumif;aumif;av; azsmfay;ygw,f[m}
]at; . . . igvJ tck aumif;aumif;av; ½kdufay;vkdurf ,f}
pdefaMumifonf wu,fyif vH;k 0aps;avQmhray;bJ aeonf/
aumifrav; vufavQmhNyD; jyefcgeD;wGif . . .
]zdwpf mNyD;&if eifu h v
dk J arG;aeY zdw&f OD;r,f}
!
SK
]bmauR;rSmvJ} RI
]a&cJrkefY}
N
W
]Mo . . . a&cJrkefY ESpfusyfoHk;usyfzkd;avmuf auR;NyD; tenf;qH;k

rO
wpfq,fwef arG;aeYvufaqmif ay;&r,faygh [kwv f m;}

ou
ty
aumifrav; rsufapmif; wpfcsufxd;k NyD; aqmifhaqmifhatmifhatmihf

ea
xGufomG ;onf/
ll b
wi
wpfcgu olpY ufcef;xJ 0ifoGm;awmh olu Y rkd awGU&/ olYnD pdefarmif

ok
udo k m puf½kdufaewm awGU&onf/

bo
his
olonf olYnDudk puf½kdufckdif;avh odyfr&Sd/ oluom tvkyfawG

ft
usHK;vkyfNyD; oln Y DESifh olYnDrudk ynma&;bufrSmom *½kpkdufaponf/

eo
us
ckawmh ta&;wBuD;rkdYvkdYom ckdif;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ olYnD pdefarmifudk

ial
erc
tvkyfvyk fckdif;avh r&Sdaomfvnf; puf½kdufwmawmh oifay;xm;onf/

mm
Co
49
xkt d csdefu uRefawmfonf y½kzwfonfyh nm (pmjyif) udk wwfcgp
jzpfí yHkESdyfpmawGUvQif y½kjyifcsifonfha&m*g xaeonf/ xkYdaMumifh
½dkufNyD;om; pm½Guw f pf½Guu f dk ,lí zwfMunfhonf/
pmvHk;aygif;tcsKdU rSm;onf/ odyfawmh ta&;rBuD;/ wcsdKU[mawG
uawmh qk;d onf/ 0pöESpfvkH;ayguf rygwmrsdK;/ tqk;d qHk;uawmh pmvHk;
wpfvk;H rSm aZmufxkd;BuD; jzpfaejcif;yif/ pmpDtrSm; jzpf\/ pdefaMumifrSm
ta&;wBuD;udpöESifh xGufoGm;í aoaocsmcsm rppfaq;Ekdifjcif; jzpfvdrfh
rnf/
'gudk jyifvkdurf Sjzpfrnf/ okYdr[kwfvQif tvkyftyfolESifh jyóem
wufEkdifonf/ rawmf topfjyef½kdufay;qkdvQif pdefaMumifyJ qH;k ½IH;&vdrfh
rnf/ xkadY Mumifh . . .
]pdefarmif cP&yfOD;uG? pmvHk;awG rSm;aew,f}
puf&yfckdif;NyD; rSm;aeonfh pmvHk;awG jyifckdif;vkdu&f onf/
pdefarmifuawmif . . .
]uHaumif;vkdY tpfuk&d m? udBk uD;u igtm;vHk; &,f'Dvyk fNyD;NyD ½kduf½HkyJ
qkad wmh uRefawmfvJ aoaocsmcsm rMunfhrdawmhb;l ? tpfudk a&mufvmvkdY
awmfao;w,f? t½Guf 20? 30 yJ ½kduf&ao;w,f}
trSm;awGjyifNyD; quf½kdufonf/ t½Guw f pf&mavmuf usonfhtcsdef
!
SK
rSm pdefaMumif a&mufvmonf/ RI
]rNyD;ao;bl;vm;uG} [k ar;onf/ pdefarmifukd,fpm; uRefawmfuyif
N
W
0ifíajymonf/
rO
]NyD;zkdYaeaeomom uHaumif;vkYd . . .} qkdNyD; jzpfyHkudk ajymjyonf/

ou
ty
xkt d cg olu . . .
ea
][m . . . rif;a&mufvmayvkYdayghuGm? EkdYrkdY tukefjyef&kduf&rSm?

ll b
wi
aus;Zl;yJ oli,fcsif;? vmuGm rif;udk vufzuf&nf vku d fwkdufr,f}

ok
[k ajymvdrfhrnf[k atmufarhrdonf/ 'Dvdk r[kwfacs/ olonf ezl;udk

bo
his
jzef;ceJ ½kdufvdu k Nf yD; . . .

ft
]aoygawmhumG ? a[haumif pdefarmif? tck&yfvkduf . . . tck&yf} [k

eo
us
jyL;jyL;jymjym ajymonf/ pdefarmifvnf; vefYNyD; cvkwfydwfvkduf\/

ial
erc
]bmjzpfwmvJ[}
mm
Co
50
]oGm;NyD . . . oGm;NyD? b,fESpf½Guf ½kdufNyD;NyDv}J
]wpf&mausmfavmuf}
pdefarmif 0ifajzonf/
]awmuf . . . rif;bmrS rqdik fbJ 0if½Iyf&ovm;} [k uRefawmfhbuf
vSnfha[mufonf/
]bmvJuG? rSm;aevkYd jyifwmyJ[m? pmvHk;wpfvHk;u aZmufxd;k BuD;
awmif jzpfaeao;w,f}
]tJ'g wrifvkyfxm;wm}
]bm . . . wrifvkyfwm}
][kwfw,f}
uRefawmf tHhMoNyD; aMumifMunfhaeonf/ wu,fawmh uRefawmf
apwemESifh vkyfjcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmf vkyfwmuvnf; rSefonf/ 'gukd
olem;vnfojzifh avoHaysmhoGm;NyD; . . . .
]'Dvdu
k mG ? 'DtzH;k u yxrwpfcg ½kdufNyD;NyD? ravmufvkdY xyf½kdufwm}
]at;av . . . xyf½kdufvJ jyifvkdufawmh aumif;wmayghuGm}
]jyifvdYk r&bl;uG? rlvtzHk;eJY wpfoa0rwdrf; wlatmif½kduf&rSm
pmvHk;rSmvJ rSm;wJhtwkdif;yJ ½kduf&rSm}
uRefawmf enf;enf; oabmaygufp jyKonf/
!
SK
]rif;[mu tifvkyfwmaygh} RI
twk½kdufwm[k qkv d jkd cif;jzpf\/
N
W
]tif&,fvkdYawmh r[kwfb;l ? 'Dvdu k mG tckvmtyfwmu 'Dpmtkyf

rO
xkwfwhJ usL&Sifq&m&JU wynfh? 'Dpmtkyfu awmfawmfa&mif;aumif;w,f?

ou
ty
wpfaxmif½kdufxm;wm ukefoavmuf&SdNyD? 'gaMumifh olw Y ynfhu

ea
tkyfig;&mavmuf wdwfww d fckd;NyD; xyf½kdufwmav? olYq&m rodatmif

ll b
wi
tBuHtzef vkyfwmaygh? 'DvdkvkyfrSef;rodatmif rlv½kdufwkef;u pmvHk;rSm;

ok
wmawGvJ trSm;twkid f;yJ ½kdufrSjzpfrSmaygh? 'grS yd&drSmaygh}

bo
his
]aeprf;ygOD;? tJ'Dvdk ig;&mxyf½kdufvdYk rukef&if b,fvkdvkyfrvJ?

ft
rif;aumif ½IH;rSmaygh}
eo
us
]rif;uvJ 'DavmufrS rpOf;pm;rdbl;vm;? rukefawmhvJ olYq&m

ial
erc
t&if½kdufxm;wJh tkyfa&wpfaxmifxu J usefwmvkYd pm&if;jyNyD; jyeftyf

mm
Co
51
vkud ½f Hkaygh? pmtkyfawG a&mif;zkdUu ighaumif wm0ef,lxm;wmyJ[m?
'gaMumifh wpfvk;H rusef wpfxyfwnf;jzpfatmif ½kduf&wmaygh}
]rif;vJ awmfawmf&rSmaygh}
]'gayghuGm ½kdufc ESpfq,lwmaygh}
]aeOD; . . . ig r&Sif;wm wpfck &Sdao;w,f? yHkESdyfpufawG[m
b,favmuf trsdK;tpm;csif;wlwl cJpmvHk;usawmh rwlEkdifb;l ? cJpmvkH;
wl&ifawmif tify&uf&Sif rwlEkdifb;l vkdY igMum;zl;w,f? 'gqkd wpfoa0
rwdrf;wlzkdY b,fvG,rf vJ}
olu NyHK;NyD; . . .
]rif;ajymwJh txJrSm tajzygoGm;NyDav? pufcsif; rwl&if tify&uf&Sif
rwlbl;? pufcsif;wl&ifawmh tify&uf&Sif wlwmayghuG}
]bm . . . 'gqkd rlv olq Y &m½kdufwhJ pmtkyftzH;k udv
k J rif;yJ
½kdufay;wmaygh [kwfvm;}
]'gaygh}
]rif;awmfawmf pkwfyJhw,f? uk, d q
fh DrSm tvkyftyfwJhvludk 'Dvkd
rvkyfaumif;bl;}
]a[haumif . . . wkd;wkd;ajymprf;yguGm? taz Mum;oGm;ygOD;r,f}
]Mum;awmh . . .}
!
SK
]tazu 'grsdK; tBuHtzefvkyfwm rBudKufb;l uG? iguvJ EkdYrkdYqkd RI
rvkyfygbl;? tJ'D usL&Sifq&mu ighudk npfoGm;vkY}d
N
W
]bmnpfwmvJ}
rO
]tzHk;½kdufzkdY puúLvmay;awmh tysuftwGuf ig;q,f ykdxnfx h m;

ou
ty
w,fvdYk ajymw,f? igvJ olu Y ,

dk v
Hk Ykd a&rMunfhrdb;l ? wu,f½kdufawmh
ea
ud;k &mig;q,fyJ &Sdw,f? wpfaxmifjynfah tmif igpdkdufxnfhvu kd f&w,f?

ll b
wi
tzHk;vma½G;awmh ydkufqHravmufvkdYqNkd yD; wpf&m ta<u;csefcJhw,f?

ok
aemufaeY vmay;r,fajymNyD; ay:rvmawmhb;l ? ESpfywfavmufMumawmh

bo
his
olaY usmif;udk vkdufomG ;NyD; awmif;w,f . . . .

ft
. . . . bmajymvJqkdawmh tzHk;½kdufwek f;u rufwmrSm pmvHk;awG

eo
us
rSm;vkdY ray;Ekdifawmhbl;wJ?h iguawmif tavsmfjyefay;&r,fo h abm

ial
erc
ajymw,f? ighbufuvJ cRwf,Gif;csuf&SdcJhawmh rajymombl;av? 'gu

mm
Co
52
xm;awmh? ighukd qufqv H kdufyHku ykdNyD;rBudKufwm? ightay:rSm uav
uacs wpfa,mufukd ajymovkd ajymvTwv f u
kd fwmuG? 'gaMumifh ig
rSwx f m;NyD; jyefw, G fwm}
]rif;eJYaygif;&wm vefYawmif vefYvmNyD? ighudkaum wpfaeYaeY rif;
rnpfb;l vkdY rajymEkdifbl;uGm}
]rif;udkawmh b,fawmhrS rvkyfygbl;uGm? rif;u ightay: npfwmrS
r&SdcJhbJ}
!
SK
RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
53
tcef; ( 6 )
uRefawmfwdkY oli,fcsif;wpfpkrSm tkyfpkvnf; awmifhonf/ nDvnf;

nDnGwo f nf/ nDnGwv f Ykdvnf; ESpf&Snv
f rsm; ruGJruGm aygif;oif;aexkdif
EkdifMujcif;jzpf\/ 'guvnf; a,bk,stm;jzifh oabmxm;csif;? 0goem
csif; wlMuaomaMumifhyif/
tkyfpkwGif;rSm xl;xl;jcm;jcm; jzpfaeolu pdefaMumifjzpf\/ olonf
pD;yGm;&Smjcif;uvGí J bmudkrS pGJpGJvef;vef; 0goemryg/
!
SK
'Dvdak umifrsdK;u uRefawmfwYkd tkyfpk0if jzpfaewm xl;qef;ovkd RI
jzpfae\/
N
W
wu,fawmhvnf; olukd,fwikd fu uRefawmfwdYkESifh twif; vmaygif;

rO
jcif;jzpf\/ i,fi,fuwnf;u pD;yGm;a&;vkyfvmoljzpfí 'Daumif

ou
ty
vluJcwfaumif;onf/ uRefawmfwdYu k olYtay: b,fawmhrS raumif;aom

ea
pdwf tBuHpnfrsdK; &Sdrnfr[kwfaMumif;udk oloo d nf/

ll b
wi
uRefawmfwkdYuvnf; ol pD;yGm;a&; aomif;usef;wwfaom tusifhudk

ok
odyf oabmrawGU aomfvnf; ausmif;aezuf oli,fcsif;vnf;jzpf?

bo
his
uRefawmfwkdYu pD;yGm;a&;orm;awGvnf; r[kwfojzifh olYudk vufcHxm;

ft
Muonf/ olyY ifuk, d pf dwx f m; aumif;wmudk odaeMuaomaMumifhvnf;

eo
us
jzpf\/
ial
erc
mm
Co
54
NyD;awmh olu b,favmuf csdK;csdK;zJhzJhajymajym remwwf/ pdwrf qkd;
wwf/ ol pD;yGm;a&;rSm vlvnfuswmawGudk uRefawmfwYkdu a0zefavh
&Sdonf/ wpfcsdKUuqkdvQif jyif;jyif;xefxef ½Iwfcsonf/ oluawmh tvGef
ta&xl\/
aemuftcsuf wpfcsuf &Sdao;\/ ol usifvnfae&onfh
pD;yGm;a&;avmurS vlrsm;onf vlvnfawGcsnf; jzpfonf/ b,foYlurdk S
pdwcf svufcs ,HMk unfvkdYr&/ wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf tusdK;tjrwfudk
MunfNh yD; aygif;aeMujcif;jzpf\/ tcsif;csif; jzwfckwfzkdY vufraES;Mu/
xkYad Mumifh olt Y zkdY tEÅ&m,f r&SdEkdifaom? olt
Y usdK;pD;yGm;udk rxdcdkuf
Ekdifaom? olaumif;zkdYudkom vkv d m;aom uRefawmfwYkdtkyfpkukd ol
vufrvTwfEkdifjcif;jzpf\/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh pD;yGm;a&;avmuxJrSm tNrJowd0D&d,ESifh ajymqkd
qufq&H wmMumawmh NiD;aiGUvmonfhtcg uRefawmfwYkd tkyfpkqv D mNyD;
pdwv f Gwfvufvw G f aeEkdifaomaMumifhvnf; jzpf\/ uRefawmfwdYkESifh
aygufu&ajym&if; aemuf&if;ajymif&if; pdwftyef;ajzjcif; yifwnf;/
uRefawmfwkdYonf toD;oD; bGJU&NyD;aemuf twnfwusjzpfatmif
BudK;pm;Muonf/ uRefawmfu pma&;q&mjzpfzkdY? wpfcsdKUu tpkd;&tvkyf
&zk?dY 'DMum;xJrSm ckomcHom&Sdatmif usL&Sifjyolu jyonf/ ta&mif;t0,f
!
SK
prf;oyfMunfhou l Munfhonf/ RI
ud, k ufh dpöESifhudk,f vIyf&Sm;½kef;uefaeaomfvnf; tquftoG,af wmh
N
W
rjywfMu/ paeaeYnqkdvQif tdrfwpftdrfrSm qHo k nf/ NyD;awmh vufzuf

rO
&nfqkdifrSm nOfUeufonftxd xkid fMuonf/ wpfcgwpfav enf;enf;

ou
ty
yg;yg; aomufwwfonf/ pdefaMumifuawmh tvkyfrsm;oljzpfí yHkrSef

ea
rvmEkdif/ tm;vQifawmh ra&mufa&mufatmif BudK;pm;NyD; aygufcsvm

ll b
wi
wwfonf/
ok
olvmonfah eYqv kd Qif pum;0kdif;u ydkí pkdjynfwwfonf/ olu

bo
his
tvkyfxu J taMumif;awG ajymjyonf/

ft
ol b,foYu l dk b,fvd&k dwfvu kd fonf/ b,fou l olt Y ay: vS;D zkdY

eo
us
BudK;pm;onf qkdwmawGudk tm;vH;k zGifhajymjywwf\/ xkt d cg uRefawmf

ial
erc
wkYud tBuHay;oifhay;? a0zefoifh a0zef? qJoifh qJMuonf/

mm
Co
55
wpfcsKdUudpöawGusawmh olvkyfyHkudk uRefawmfwdYku vufoifhrcHbJ
a0zef&if; jiif;MuckefMuonf/ 'Dvdk pum;0kdif;rsdK;rSyif olUtwGuf tusdK;&Sd
aom tBuHÓPfrsm; &cJhzl;aMumif; olu zGifh[0efcHonf/
olwkdY pD;yGm;a&;orm;awGtzkdY a>ra>rcsif; ajcjrifNyD; wpfa,muf
tuGuf wpfa,muf odaeMuonf/ uRefawmfwdYkvkd ab;vlawG pdwu f l;
wnf&h m ajymaompum;onf olrawG;rdaom tBuHopf ÓPfopf jzpfcsif
jzpfaewwfonf/
xkpd Ofu uRefawmfwYkdtm;vH;k vlysdKvlvGwfawGcsnf; jzpf\/ we*FaEG
aeYrsm;rSm bmvkyfvkdY vkyf&rSef;rodbJ a,mifcsmcsm jzpfaewwfMuonf/
wpfa,muftdrf wpfa,muf oGm;onf/ axG&mav;yg;ajym? pmzwfESifh
oHo&m vnfaeonf/
wpfaeYusawmh at;azqkdonfhaumifu tBuHay;\/ tysif;ajy
zJ½kdufMu&if aumif;r,f/ aumif;w,f qkdNyD; oabmwlvu kd fMuonf/
uRefawmfwkdYtdrfu ESpfxyfjzpf\/ tay:xyfrSmom rdom;pk aeMu
onf/ atmufxyfrSmu uRefawmfh tpfukd\ oli,fcsif; ESpfa,mufom
tvkyf&Smaeonfhtckduf cP0ifckdaeMuonf/ atmufxyfrSm pwkdcef;av;
wpfcef;&S\ d / xktd cef;rSm ae&mwpfck&atmif &Sif;vif;NyD; zJ½kdufMuonf/
we*FaEGGaeYwkdif; 0kdif;jzpfvmonf/
!
SK
½Id; ac: wpfcsyfarSmuf0kdif; jzpf\/ xku d pm;enf;rSm wu,fhaMu;BuD;
RI
0dkif;awGrSmom upm;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdYuawmh wpfa,muf
N
W
wpfusyfpDcsNyD; wpfcgac: ig;jym; q,fjym;EIef;jzifh upm;Mujcif;

rO
jzpfonf/ 'DMum;xJ wpfyGJ wpfrwf taumuf aumufao;onf/

ou
ty
yGJNyD;vQif rsm;rsm;pm;pm; Ekdifol[lír&Sd/ taumufxJom ta&mufrsm;

ea
onf/ &&Sdonfhtaumufjzifh vufzuf&nf oGm;aomufMuonf/

ll b
wi
ydkufqpH kxnfhNyD; vufzuf&nfaomufMujcif;ESifh bmrSrxl;/

ok
uRefawmf zJupm;vQif ½HI;wmrsm;onf/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfu

bo
his
odyfrwGufwwfaomaMumifh jzpf\/ uRefawmfhvkdyif ½HI;avh&Sdolrsm;u

ft
at;azESifh arSmfq&m wkYjd zpf\/ olwdY½k HI;wmuawmh tHhMozkdYaumif;onf/

eo
us
olwo kdY nf aumif;aumif; upm;wwfoal wGjzpf\/

ial
erc
mm
Co
56
at;azonf xkpd Ofu aemufq;Hk ESpf aq;ausmif;om;/ aq;wuúodkvf
rSm jyKvkyfonfh usdwf0dkif;wkid f; olygonf/ arSmfq&musawmh zJ½kdufwm
0goemudkygonf/ ½Hk;wpf½Hk;rSm tvkyfvyk fae&if; csdef;0kdif;awGrSm vku d f½kduf
avh&\ Sd / 'DvdkaumifawGu uRefawmfwkdYvkd bmrS em;rvnfonfh0kdif;rSm
vm½HI;&onf/
jzpf&onfh taMumif;&if;u olwkdYu wu,fh 0kdif;BuD;awGrSmvkd
wGufcsufonf/ olwkdYzJ tqifaumif;vQif wjcm;olawG rvku d f&Jatmif
zda[mufonf/ okdY&mwGif wjcm;aumifawGu bmrS wGufwwfwmr[kwf/
rvku d fvQif 0kdif;jyifxGuf&rSm ysif;w,fqNkd yD; pGwf½Gwv f u
kd fMuonf/
aiGuvnf; trsm;qH;k rS wpfusyfqdak wmh rpOf;pm;bJ ypfxnfhvkdufonf/
wpfcgwpfav ud, k fvkdcsifonfhzJu wpf0kdif;vHk;rSm wpfcsyfwnf;
usefonf/ txkyfxrJ Sm r&SdbJ arSmufzJawGxJ a&mufcsifa&mufaeEkdifonf/
zJa0awmhvnf; uk, d qfh D uscsifrS usrnf/ tcGifhtvrf;odyfenf;onf/
em;vnfwwfuRrf;ol qkv d Qif rvkud fawmh/ okdU&mwGif pGwf½Gwv f u kd f&if;
&Sm;zJwpfz0J ifNyD; wpf0dkif;vHk; pm;csifpm;&onf/
wpfcsyfarSmufqdw k mu arSmufxm;aomzJ/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh 0Sux f m;
aomzJudk rlwnfNyD; ynmNydKif&jcif;jzpf\/ wpfcgwpfav zJraumif;
aomfvnf; rifESifharmif;ESifh a[mufypfvkduv f Ykd wjcm;vlawG rvku d f&JvQif
!
SK
pm;csif pm;&wwfonf/ xkdYaMumifh [efaumif;zkdYvdt k yfonf/ RI
uRefawmfwkdYxJrSm [efaqmiftnHhq;Hk u pkd;aomif;jzpf\/ olu
N
W
zJwpfcsyfa0NyDqdv k Qif wjznf;jznf; yGwNf yD; Munfah v&Sdonf/ olzJyGwaf e

rO
wm awmfawmfMumonf/ olrsm;awG zJMunfv h Ykd NyD;onftxd olyGwv f kdY

ou
ty
rNyD;ao;/ tm;vHk;u olzJyGwfwm apmifhaeMu&onf/

ea
olzY J aumif;raumif;uvnf; odyfoo d monf/ zJyGwfNyD;vkYd olvkdcsif

ll b
wi
onfhzJ &NyDqkdvQif ud, k fu rwfceJjzpfoGm;NyD; zJudk a&SUrSm cyf<um;<um;

ok
[efjzifh cif;jywwfonf/ olrBudKufonfhzJ jzpfaevQifawmh [efraqmif

bo
his
EkdifbJ ]uRwf . . . qwfbvmyJ} [k a&½GwNf yD; zJudk aqmifhBuD;atmifhBuD;

ft
ypfcswwfonf/
eo
us
pdefaMumifuawmh wpfcgwpf&HrS vmupm;\/ upm;onfh tcgwkdif;

ial
erc
vkv d vkd nf; Edkifavh&Sdonf/ olu zJudk pdefajyeajy yGwaf vhr&Sd/ yGwaf evkdY
mm
Co
57
vnf; zJu ajymif;oGm;wmr[kwfb;l ? 'DzJu 'DzJyJ qkNd yD; zJa0NyD;wmESifh
vSefcsypfwwf\/ NyD;awmh olrsm;awG zJyGww f mudk zJvkduMf unfo
h nf/
trlt&m ajymif;vJyHkudk tuJcwfí zJaumif;raumif; wGufonf/
olcefrY Sef;yHk rSefwmrsm;ojzifh csifhcsdefupm;EkdifaomaMumifh olEkdifavh&Sdjcif;
yif/
olu ajymzl;onf/
]vlwpfa,mufrSm xl;jcm;wJh trltusifhawG &Sdw,fuG? 'gawGudk
owdxm;MunfU&if odEkdifwmyJ? Oyrm rif;qkdygawmh? rif;u wu,f
zJraumif;bJeJU ½dI;avhr&Sdbl;? nmpm;avh r&Sdbl;ayghumG ? aemufNyD;
rif;zJaumif;NyD qk&d ifvnf; b,fvdk [efaqmifaqmif odomwmyJ? rif;
zJoyd faumif;aeNyD qkd&if pdwfvIyf&Sm;wmudk ajzazsmufzkdY aq;vdyfaumuf
rD;ñSdNyD; rD;cdk;axmif;axmif; xatmif qufwdu k f zGmawmhwmyJ? 'gudk igu
owdxm;Munfah ewmuG}
uRefawmhf tjyKtrlukd uRefawmfhbmomawmif owdrjyKrd/ olajym
umrS [kwfygvm;[k rSwfrdvm\/ pdefaMumifonf pD;yGm;a&;avmuwGif
vnf; 'Dvdk vlucJ wfaumif;aomaMumifh atmifjrifcJhjcif;jzpf\/
yHEk Sdyfpufu tvkyfjzpfonf/ olYyHkESdyfpufrSm rifusrife odyfaumif;vS
onfawmh r[kwf/ okdYwikd fatmif olu tvkyf&atmif &Smwwfonf/
!
SK
'guvnf; prf;Munfhwm rrSm;bl;qkdaom ol\ t,ltqaMumifhjzpf\/ RI
b,fae&ma&mufa&muf tvkyfjzpfEdkifrnfh tuGufukd tNrJowdjyKNyD; Munfh
N
W
avh&\ Sd /
rO
Oyrm tvSLr*Fvmaqmif wpfckckrSm wpf0dkif;wnf; xkid frdolESifh

ou
ty
pum;ajym&if;u xko d lonf olYudk tvkyftyfaumif; tyfEkdifonfh

ea
vkyfief;&Sif wpfa,mufqdv k Qif tvkyftaMumif; pum;pyfavawmhonf/

ll b
wi
aq;vdyfcHkaxmifxm;ol jzpfygu . . .
ok
]'geJY aq;vdyfwHqyd fawG b,frSm ½kdufovJ} [k ar;rnf/ NyD;awmh . .

bo
his
]tqifajy&JUvm;}
ft
qufNyD; pum;awmufrnf/ ajyygw,fqkdvQif olYpuf vdyfpm

eo
us
uwfjym;av; xkwfay;NyD; aemif tultnDvkdvQif vmcJhyg[k ajymNyD;

ial
erc
pum;cif; xm;vkduo f nf/ tu,fí rlv½kdufaeonfh yHkESdyfwdu k Ef Sifh

mm
Co
58
tqifrajyvkYd pufajymif;½kdufcsifaeolESifh BuHKvQifawmh usdef;aotvkyfjzpf
atmif ajymawmhonf/ bmawG tqifrajyovJ pum;EdIufNyD; . . .
][kwfw,fAsm? wpfcsdKUpufawGu 'Dvdyk J? &ufcsdef; rrSefwwfb;l ?
tvkyf vufcHwht J cgrSmawmh pdwcf syg? NyD;atmif vkyfay;yghr,fqkdNyD;
tmrcHvdu k wf myJ? aemufrS vkyfcsifwmvkyfMuwm? uRefawmfuawmh 'Dvkd
rjzpfatmif BudK;pm;w,f? tvkyftyfwJhvlrSmvJ tcsdefvkNyD; vkyfae&w,f
qkw d mudk ukd,cf sif;pmwwfw,fav}
'Davmufqdv k Qif wpfzufvlrSm olYudk tawmf pdwf0ifpm;vmNyD/
wu,fawmh pdefaMumifhpufuvnf; &ufcsdef;rSefvo S nf r[kwf/ okYd&mwGif
olu tajymaumif;onf/ tvkyfrNyD;vQif . . .
]nu jAKef;qkd rD;jywfoGm;vdYk tpfukad &U? ckav;wif jyefvmwm?
uRefawmfjzifh tpfukBd uD;udk csdef;xm;wm ay;EkdifatmifqdNk yD; vufeJYawmif
vSnfh½kduMf unfah o;w,f? t½Guaf v;ig;q,f usatmif wpfem&Davmuf
½kduf,l&w,f? vlvJ yifyef;vkdufwm udkif½kdufxm;ovkdyJ? eufjzef
qufquf &ygaphr,f} [kajymNyD; vufzuf&nfawG rSmwku d fwmwkdY bmwkYd
vkyfawmh tvkyftyfolrSm auseyfomG ;&onf/ aemufNyD; olNzD;wm wpfck
&Sdao;onf/
]wpfcsdKU yHkESdyfwdu
k fawGu ta&mifukd *½krpkdufwwfMubl;? &SdwmeJU
!
SK
½kdufcsvkdufwmyJ? trSefu t0gqkd&iff deep yellow ? lemon yellow ? RI
teDqdv k J 'dyf&uf'f? rm*sifwm ponfjzifh uGjJ ym;ao;wm? ukeftrSwf
N
W
wHqdyfqdw k mu tpOfojzifh wpfa&mifwnf; wpfnDwnf; jzpfaerS

rO
aumif;wm? 0,fwJhvlu odw,f? ta&mifeJeJvGJae&if twkvm; bmvm;

ou
ty
xifwwfwmaygh? uRefawmfq&kd if tJ'g odyf*½kpku d w

f ,f? rif qkd&ifvJ
ea
taumif;qHk;rS oHk;w,f? tkdyDtkdif uvGJ&if bmrSroH;k bl;}

ll b
wi
trSefu wjcm;pufawGvnf; tkdyDtkdifom oH;k Muonf/ taMumif;rSm

ok
ukefo, G fa&;rS yHkESdyfpuftm;vHk;twGuf tkdyDtkdifrif wpfrsdK;wnf;om

bo
his
wpfajy;nD xkwfay;aomaMumifhyifjzpf\/
ft
bmyJjzpfjzpf ckkvkd olYyg;pyfaqmhwwfrIaMumifh tvkyf&cJhaygif; renf;

eo
us
awmh/ yHkESdyfpufawGrSm yHkrSef½kdufaom azmufonf&SdvQif tvkyfrSm rjywf&/

ial
erc
txl;ojzifh azmif&Sn[ f k ac:aom ½Guaf & aomif;ESifhcsD ½kduf&wmrsdK;/

mm
Co
59
pm½dkufonfh vufwmy&ufpf awGqkdvQif r*¾Zif;wkdY pmtkyfxw k fa0olwkdYESihf
qufxm;&onf/ pdefaMumifwYv kd dk umvmpuf (ta&mif½kdufpuf) a*smhyf
ac: yHkpHZ,m;½kdufonfh pufrsdK;awGusawmh vkyfief;&SifwdYk ½Hk;XmewkYu d dk
tm;ud;k &onf/
xkYad Mumifh olonf vkyfief;&Sifrsm;jzpfMuaom aq;vdyfcHk? azsmf&nf
vkyfief;? tarT;wkdifvyk fief; ponfwdY\ k ydkif&Sifrsm;udk rdwaf qGzGJUonf/
tvkyftyfonfjzpfap? rtyfonfjzpfap xko d lrsm;xH vrf;BuHKwkdif; 0ifvnf
onf/ xko d lwkdY\ vkyfief;udpörsm;udk c&D;oGm;[efvJT 0ifun l Donf/ 'Dvkd
ESifh olESifh cifrif&if;ESD;oGm;NyD; olYpufrSm yHkrSeftvkyftyfolawG jzpfvm\/
tvkyftqifajyojzifh 0ifaiGaumif;vmaomfvnf; yHkESdyfpuf ud, k fydkif
r[kwfojzifh pufiSm;c ay;ae&ao;onf/ &orQudk pufydkif&SifESifh rQpm;
ae&ovkd jzpfae\/
yHkESdyfpufwpfvHk; ud, k fydkif0,fEkdifzkdY BudK;pm;&rnf/ &orQudk pdpdppfppf
oHNk yD; pkonfhwkdif puf0,fzkdY rvG,fao;/
wjcm;vkyfief;wpfckck &SmvkkyfNyD; aiGydk&atmif BuHrSjzpfrnf/
wpfcgwkef;u udak cgif;BuD;ESifhtwl OD;b&if um;*dwfvkdufomG ;&if
rEÅav;udk ypön;f ydkYonfhudpö waphwapmif; avhvmzl;onf/ ukefo, G fa&;rS
yHEk SdyfpufawGtwGuf xkwfay;aom puúL? rif ponfwYu kd kd aumufNyD;
!
SK
rEÅav;okdYydEkY kdifvQif pm;omonf/ [krd Sm jywfaeaom ypön;f udk tcsdefuku RI d f
í ydEkY kdifvQif NrdK;NrdK;jrufjrufuav; pm;&wwf\/
N
W
wpfckyJ &Sdonf/ rEÅav;rSm vlcH&SdzkdYvkdonf/ taumif;qHk;u ukef

rO
vufcHNyD; aiGjyefydkYay;rnfo h l/ qkid fBuD;wpfqdik fESifh tquftoG,&f zkdY vkd

ou
ty
onf/ rEÅav;udkwufNyD; tquftoG,&f SmzkdYawmh rjzpfEkdif/ [drk Sm tqif

ea
ajyrajy raocsmbJESifh p&dwftukefrcHEdkif/

ll b
wi
udak cgif;BuD;uwqifh qufoG,Mf unfzh kdYawmh pdwful;rdao;onf/

ok
udak cgif;BuD;onf rEÅav;&Sd puúLqkid frsm; ? yGJpm;rsm; rSmonfhypön;f rsm;udk

bo
his
&efuek frSm&SmNyD; ydkYaeoljzpf\/ udkacgif;BuD;udk tultnDawmif;vkdY rjzpf[k

ft
pOf;pm;rdjyefonf/ udak cgif;BuD;taejzifh olUaps;uGufxJ vlopft0ifcHrnf

eo
us
r[kwf/ vkyfief; zJhay;&avmufatmifawmh oabmaumif;Ekdifrnf r[kwf/

ial
erc
mm
Co
60
xkYad Mumifh olb Y momyJ tquftoG,f &Sm&rnf/ wpfaeY um;pD;oGm;&if;
rEÅav;toif;wkdufqdkaom qkid f;bkwu f dk vSrf;awGUrdonf/
[kwfNyD/ tJ'DrSm rEÅav;om;awG pka0;&m jzpf&rnf/ &efuek fa&muf
rEÅav;om;rsm;omru rEÅav;rSvmaom {nfhonfrsm;yg &Sd&rnf/ 'gqkd
toif;wkdufonf rEÅav;NrdKU tao;pm;av;ESifh bmxl;rSmvJ/
wpfaeYrSm ol uRefawmfhqD a&mufvmonf/
]rif; ighudk t0wftpm;awG iSm;prf;yg? ighrSm aumif;aumif; r&SdvkdYuG}
[k ajymonf/
]r*Fvmaqmif oGm;rvkYv d m;}
]r[kwfbl;? rEÅav; toif;wku d f oGm;rvdY}k
]rif;eJY bmqkdifvkdYvJ}
]tvkyfupd öyguGm}
ol pdwu f l;xm;onfhudpö uRefawmhfudk ajymjyNyD; . . .
]rEÅav;u vlawGeJY tvkyfpum;ajymwJhtcg oyfoyf&yf&yf 0wfpm;
oGm;rS tqifajyw,fvkdY Mum;zl;vkdY}
uRefawmhft0wftpm;awGxJu olBudKufwm a½G;onf/
wkud fyHktusÐvnf; ygonf/ uRefawmfh qDudk em&Dukv d nf; iSm;onf/
tdrfxu J txGufwiG f uRefawmfh uwåyD gzdeyfudk Munfhí . . .
!
SK
]rif;zdeyf ig cP pD;oGm;r,f} qkNd yD; olY&mbmzdeyf NrD;wkdESifh vJpD;oGm;
RI
\/
N
W
0wfaumif;pm;vS 0wfNyD; rEÅav;toif;wkdufudk oGm;onf/

rO
bdvd,uf vmxk;d olrsm;ESifh rdwzf GJUonf/ ,rum0kdif;wpfckrSm 0ifa&m&if;

ou
ty
'umcHoifh cHvdu k o
f nf/
ea
rEÅav;om;tcsdKUESifh todtuRrf;jzpfvm\/
ll b
wi
pdefaMumif b,favmuf tajymtqkdnufNyD; pnf;½Hk;a&; aumif;ovJ

ok
qk&d if rEÅav;udk wpfacgufrSawmif ra&mufzl;olu rEÅav;toif;0if

bo
his
jzpfvmcJhonf txdyif/
ft
rEÅav;u yGJpm;wpfa,mufESifhvnf; tquftoG,f&onf/ wpfckyJ

eo
us
jyóem&S\ d / xkdyGJpm;u aiGawmh BudKxkwfray;Ekdif/ pdefaMumifu vkdaom

ial
erc
mm
Co
61
ypön;f ydkYay;/ [dka&mufrS ypönf;oGif;NyD; usoifhaiG wGufcsufí jyefydkYrnf/
pdefaMumifuvnf; 'Dvdyk J jzpfvdrhfrnf[k wGufNyD;om;/
rEÅav;yGJpm;u [kdrSm jywfaeonfyh pön;f ? aps;aumif;&rnfh ypön;f udk
w,fvzD kef;jzifh taMumif;Mum;rnf/ xkt d wGuf uRefawmfwkYd tdrfu
w,fvzD kef;eHygwfukd pdefaMumifu ay;xm;\/ zkef;vmvQif ypön;f pm&if;
ESifh aygufaps;udk uRefawmfu rSwx f m;ay;&onf/
'ghtjyif udak cgif;BuD; xHrSvnf; od&onf/ pdefaMumifonf rEÅav;
udpöukd udkacgif;BuD;tm; todray;bJ xm;onf/ odvQif olYvkyfuu G f
0ifvw k ,fqNkd yD; tqufjzwfoGm;rSm pkd;&onf/
ukad cgif;BuD;ESifh uif;vkdYrjzpfao;/ olYqDu ynm,lp&mawG &Sdao;
onf/ aemufNyD; udkacgif;BuD; aemufuvkduf&if; olbmypönf;awG
0,faMumif; odEkdifrnf/ ukad cgif;BuD; 0,fonfhypön;f qkdvQif rEÅav;rSm
aps;aumif;aeonfh ypön;f jzpfwm aocsmonf/
'Dawmh pdefaMumifh taejzifh tyifyef;cH pHkprf;p&mrvkdbJ bmypön;f
wifydkY&rvJ odcGifh&ae\/
ypön;f ykdYvQif udak cgif;BuD;oH;k onfh OD;b&if*dwu f ykdYvYkdrjzpf/
udak cgif;BuD; odomG ;Ekdifonf/ wjcm;*dwf wpfckukd &Sm&onf/
olESifh vkyfom;aumvdyf wlwl wufzl;aom xGef;xGef;wkYd tazu
!
SK
um;*dwaf xmifxm;aMumif; od&\/ xGef;xGef;ESifh qufoG,fNyD; olwkdY\ RI
0wpfvk;H um;*dwrf S ykdY&ef pDpOfonf/
N
W
ypön;f 0,f&mrSmvnf; udkacgif;BuD; oH;k avh&Sdonfh qkid fawGrSm r0,fzkdY

rO
owdxm;&rnf/ xkq d ikd fawGrSm0,fvQif ukad cgif;BuD; odoGm;Ekdifonfhtjyif

ou
ty
oltY BuHtpnfESifhvnf; rudkufnDacs/ olYpdwu f l;t&qkv d Qif olu

Y dk wpfcgrQ
ea
rjrifzl;onfq h ikd frsdK; jzpf&rnf/ xkad Mumifh udkacgif;BuD; 0,faeus 32 vrf;

ll b
wi
qkid fawGudk roH;k bJ 31 vrf;buf qkdifrsm;udk pdwu f l;xm;\/

ok
olrY Sm zspfzspfjrnfatmif ñSpfxkwfygrS aiG ESpfaxmifavmufyJ &Sdonf/

bo
his
ig;axmifzkd;avmufawmh vkyfrS tawmftoifh tvkyfjzpfEkdifrnf/

ft
xkt d cg olonf uRefawmfhqDuiSm;xm;aom t0wftpm;awG tus

eo
us
te0wfNyD; puúLqkdifawGxJ0ifonf/ tusÐtdwfxrJ Sm rEÅav;toif;0if

ial
erc
uwfukd xnfhoGm;onf/ tusÐtom;yg;yg;udk wrif0wfoGm;ojzifh

mm
Co
62
uwfjym;udk xGif;azmufjrifEkdifonf/ puúLqkdifawGrSm puúLaps;? rifaps;
pHkprf;onf/ rEÅav;uqif;vmwm rMumao;onfh taygufrsdK;? aps;oifh
vQif tBuD;tus,f 0,frnfhyHkrsdK;/
qkid fawGu olYudk rEÅav;om; xifonf/ azmufonfaumif;
wpfa,mufudk vufvw G frcHEkdifojzifh b,frSmwnf;ovJ ar;onf/ olu
...
]naeqk&d if rEÅav;toif;wkdufrSm &Sdygw,f}
[k cyfwnfwnfajymNyD; csdef;vku d fonf/
nae [kv d lawG a&mufvmaomtcg olu rEÅav;toif;wkdufrS
xif&Sm;aom rEÅav;om; wpfa,mufa,mufukd oGm;rdwzf GJUNyD; &if;&if;
ESD;ESD; pum;vufqkH usaeonfhtckduEf Sifh csdefukdufxm;vku d fonf/
puúLa&mif;wJv h lawG olYukd ,HkMunfoGm;MuNyD/
'DavmufESifh rNyD;ao;/ puúLqkdif oH;k av;qkdifavmufudk wpfNydKif
wnf; csdef;xm;vku d fonf/ olwkdYawGa&SUrSm rsufESmcsif;qkdifrdMuawmh
wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf tuJcwf&if; tBuHwl &efol[k twGif;usdwf
owfrSwu f kefMuawmhonf/ pdefaMumifuawmh cyfat;at;yif/ tm;vH;k udk
wef;wl *½kpkdufajymqkdNyD; reufjzef qkid fukd vmcJhOD;rnf[k tm;vH;k udk
&nfnTef;í qkdvdu k \
f /
!
SK
ol uRefawmfhukd ar;cJhzl;onf/ RI
]rif; todawGxJrSm rEÅav;om; &SdcJhzl;ovm;}
N
W
]&Sdwmaygh wuúodkvfrSm wkef;u trsm;BuD;yJ}

rO
]olwkdU emrnfawG ajymprf;yg}

ou
ty
]bmvkyfzkdUvJ}
ea
]odcsifvdUk yguGm}
ll b
wi
]tJ . . . udkcifaZmf? NyD;awmh udu k Harmif}

ok
]rqk;d bl;}
bo
his
]bm rqk;d wmvJ}

ft
]qufajymprf;ygOD;}
eo
us
]aemufwpfa,mufu udkMuifaqmif}
ial
erc
]tm; . . . [kwfNyD? Muifaqmif? tJ'Demrnf aumif;w,f}

mm
Co
63
]bmaumif;wmvJ}
]'Dvduk ?G igu puúLqkdifawGudk rEÅav;om;vkdY ajymxm;wmud;k ?
'gaMumifh emrnfutp rEÅav;om;eJYwlatmif ajymrvkY}d
]bmqkid fvu J Gm? rEÅav;om;eJY &efuek fom;eJY emrnfruGv J Sygbl;?
udak usmfpGm qkw d mvJ &Sdao;w,f? 'DemrnfrsdK;awG &efuek frSmvnf;
rSnfhaeMuwmyJ}
]r[kwfao;bl;uG? MuifaqmifwdYk jrifhaqmifwdYk qkw d Jh emrnfrsdK;awGu
tnmbufu trSnhfrsm;w,f? emrnfMum;vkduw f meJY tnmom;yJqdw k m
odomw,f? tJ'DemrnfrsdK; vkcd sifvdkY}
'DvdEk Sifh olonf puúqkdifawGESifh qufo, G f&mwGif Muifaqmifqdak om
trnfudk cH,cl Jh\/ xkdYaMumifh puúLqkdifxJ 0ifomG ;aomtcg . . .
]a[m . . . udkMuifaqmifygvm;? vmxkid fyg}
[k qD;BudKMuonf/ olu . . .
]at;Asm? tpuawmh aps;pHkprf; penf;em½Hkavmuf oabmxm;wm?
cifAsm;wkYd tajymaumif;wmeJU prf;ydkYMunfhrvm; pdwu f l;w,f}
]aumif;wmaygh cifAsm? tm;vHk; tqifajyatmif vkyfay;yghr,f}
olu pOf;pm;ovkd vkyfNyD; . . .
]tif; . . . aemufwpfywfavmufMumrS vkyfEkdifr,f xifw,fAsm}
!
SK
]bmtcuftcJrsm; &SdvYykd gvdrfh} RI
]uRefawmfu aps;pkHprf;½Hkavmuf pdwu f l;vmwmqkad wmh aiGrsm;rsm;
N
W
rygcJhbl;? toH;k tpGu J vnf; enf;enf; Murf;oGm;w,fAsm? &efuek frSm

rO
uvnf; ukefaygufuav;awGu aygcsufu;dk As? [J [J}

ou
ty
pdefaMumifu rEÅav;wpfacguf jyefwufNyD; aiG,loifh,lrnf/

ea
okYrd [kwf aiGvrS f;rSmrnf[k qko d nf/ [kv d lawG pOf;pm;p jyKNyD/ xkdpOfrSmyif
ll b
wi
pdefaMumifu . . .
ok
]av;ig;axmifzkd;avmuf prf;Munfhr,f pdwu f l;w,f? tqifajyr,f

bo
his
qk&d ifawmh aiGcP qkid f;Ekdifrvm;yJ}

ft
qkid f&SifawGtaeESifh aemif av;ig;aomif;zkd;avmuf yHkrSef tvkyfjzpf

eo
us
Ekdifp&m tvm;tvm&Sdonfh vkyfief;&Sifuav;udk vufrvTwfvkdMu/

ial
erc
ud, k fESifh rajyvnfvdYk wjcm;qkid f ul;oGm;wmrsdK; tjzpfrcHEdkif/

mm
Co
64
aiGig;axmifzkd;avmufESifhawmh vdrfhrnfhvlrsdK; r[kwf/ rEÅav;toif;
t&SdefESifh olYtay: ,HkMunfrI&Sdonf/
xkYad Mumifh olvdck sifaom ypönf;awG xkwfay;Muonf/
'DvkEd Sifh oH;k av;qkdifavmufrS ypön;f ig;axmifzkd;pDavmuf ta<u;
,lcGifh &oGm;onf/
olu wpfqdik fESifh wpfqkdif oHk;&ufavmufjcm;NyD; ypönf;,lonf/
a&SUESpfqdkifu ypön;f udk rEÅav;ykdYonf/ aemufqk;H qkdifu ypön;f udkawmh
&efuek frSmyJ enf;enf;t½IH;cHNyD; jyefoiG f;vkdufonf/ &onfhaiGudk yxrqkdif
ESifh 'kw, d qkdifodYk wpf0ufpDcGJí zJhqyfvkduo
f nf/ xkt d awmtwGif; ykdYxm;
aom ypön;f zkd;aiG a&mufvmaomtcg wwd,qkdifudk wpf0ufqkdifNyD;
yxrqkid fudk aiGacsvkduf\/
xkYad emuf pwkw¬ajrmufqikd fudk &Smí txufygenf;twdkif; ypön;f ,l?
&efuek frSmyif jyefa&mif;&onfah iGESifh 'kw, d qkdifaiGacs? yxrqkid f p&H
wpf0ufay;NyD; ypön;f xyf,?l xkpd OfwiG f 'kw, d ajrmufydkYxm;aom ypön;f zkd;
aiGa&mufvm? wwd,qkdifaiGacs? 'kw, d qkdifudk p&efwpf0ufay;í ypön;f
,lNyD;ydkY ponfjzifh vSnfhywfvkyfukid foGm;onf/ qkid frsm;taejzifh ypön;f
ay;NyD; oH;k &ufavmuftMumrSm aiGwpf0uf jyef&onf/ wpfywfavmuf
aeawmh aiGacsonf/ aemufwpfcg,lawmh p&efwpf0uf&onf/ oH;k av;
!
SK
&uftwGif; aiGacsonf/ xkdYaMumifh pdefaMumifhtay: ,HkMunfrI&Sdvmonf/ RI
ESpf&ufoHk;&uf aiGaemufusonfhtwGuf bmrS jyóem r&Sdawmh/
N
W
ypön;f udk cgwkdif;xuf ydk,lvQif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omay;onf/ 'DvdEk Sifh

rO
ESpfvoHk;vMumawmh wpfqikd fwpfqdkifukd wpfaomif;zkd;avmuf txd

ou
ty
tcsdefra½G; ,lvdYk&vmonf/
ea
olUtwGuf vHak vmufaom t&if;tESD; &vmaomtcg xkq d ikd frsm;udk

ll b
wi
wjznf;jznf; tquftoG,f jzwfvkduf\/

ok
bmhaMumifh 'DqdkifawGESifh qufrvkyfwmvJ uRefawmfu ar;aomtcg

bo
his
...
ft
]rjzpfao;bl;av? olwdkYu ighudk wu,fo h laX;av;qkNd yD; xifaewm

eo
us
ud;k ? aemufqdk av;ig;aomif;zkd; vkyfr,fvkdY wGufxm;Muwm? Mum&if

ial
erc
igrEÅav;om; r[kwfb;l qkdwmvJ odukefMur,f? olwYq kd dik f tcsif;csif;

mm
Co
65
pum;pyfrdvdYk ightaMumif;ajym&ifvJ ay:ukefrSm? 'gaMumifh 'Dtvkyfu
xifoavmuf rudu k fbl;vkdY taMumif;jyNyD; tomuav; qkwfcGmvku d fwm
aygh? aemufNyD;awmh olwkdUu ta<u;ay;w,fqdak yr,fh ypön;f aps;uawmh
enf;enf; wifxm;ao;wmud;k ? ighbmom ypön;f vkduaf umufNyD; pk,al wmh
ykdusefwmaygh}
]ukad cgif;BuD;uaum rif;taMumif; rodbl;vm;}
]rodbJ b,faervJuG? aemufawmh odwmaygh? 'gayr,fh olodwhJ
tcsdefrSm igu 'Daps;uGuu f dk aumif;aumif; em;vnfaeNyDav? ol ighudk
cgxkwv f J rrIawmhb;l }
]rif;wkdY vrf;cGJvukd fMuNyDaygh}
][ifhtif; . . . tck igwkdY ESpfa,mufaygif; vkyfaew,f}
þokdYjzifh wpfESpfcefYMumaomtcg olonf yHkESdyfpufwpfvk;H tydkif
0,fEdkifoGm;onf/ uRefawmfu . . .
]rif;uawmh yHkESdyfpufydkifomG ;NyD? iguawmh zdeyfwpf&ef qH;k oGm;w,f?
ighqDu iSm;pD;wJhzdeyf rif;jyefray;bl;}
]'guawmhumG ? ighudk uwåDygzdeyf pD;wwfwJh tavhtusifh &atmif
yg&rDjznfah y;w,fvkYd oabmxm;vkduaf ygh}
[k &,fusJusJ ajym\/
!
SK
olonf wu,fyif xkdtcgrSpí uwåDygzdeyfukd pD;cJhjcif; jzpfav RI
onf/
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
66
tcef; (7)
uRefawmfwkdYi,fi,fu tazonf pmtkyfxw k fa0a&;vkyfief; vkyfzl;

onf/ xkv d kyfief;udk uRefawmfhtpfudkwpfa,mufu jyefvnf toufoiG f;
NyD; vkyfukdifonf/ uRefawmfvnf; 0goemygaomvkyfief; jzpfojzifh
0ifun l Donf/
aemufawmh uRefawmfhtpfudku ½kyf&Sifbuf ul;oGm;ojzifh pmtkyf
!
SK
tvkyfukd uRefawmfu qufvkyfonf/ uRefawmfwkdY nDtpfukEd Spfa,mufrSm RI
ud, k fxkwcf sifonfh pmtkyfxkwf&vQif auseyfaeolrsm;jzpfí trsm;tm;jzifh
N
W
t½HI;ay:cJh\/
rO
uRefawmfhvufxufwiG f vufxJrSm aiGoyd frsm;rsm; r&Sdawmh/ xkt d cg

ou
ty
usrS uRefawmfu vH;k csif;pmtkyf xkwfcsifvm\/ yxrqH;k a&;om;

ea
xkwfa0rnfh pmtkyfjzpfaomaMumifh oyfoyf&yf&yfuav; jzpfapcsifonf/

ll b
wi
xkYad Mumifh &SdpkrhpJ kav; ypfxnfNh yD; xkwaf 0vku

d f \/
ok
uavmifopfwkdY\ pmtkyfx;Hk pHtwkdif; ½HI;avonf/ ukd,hpf mtkyfrkdY

bo
his
aumif;apcsifonfh qE´jzifh vkt d yfwmxuf ydkoHk;pGJcJhrdonf/ ½kdufc?

ft
bavmufc? pmtkyfcsKyfc ta<u;awG &Sif;vkdufaomtcg vufxrJ Sm

eo
us
aiGoyd frusefawmh/ usefwmav;uvnf; oH;k &if;pGJ&if; wwdwd yGef;ukef

ial
erc
onf/ aemufwpftkyx f kwfzkdY rvG,fawmh/

mm
Co
67
wpfckawmh&Sdonf/ xkpd mtkyfrSm y&dowfvufcHojzifh emrnfav;awmh
tawmftoifh &vku d fonf/ xkt
d csdefwiG f r*¾Zif;awGrSm 0w¬Kwkad v;awG
oH;k av;yk'fygcJhNyD;vnf; jzpfojzifh pdwf"mwfawmh odyfrusvSacs/
xkwfa0ol wpfa,mufa,mufESifh qufo, G frdvQif tqifajyEkdif
onf/ odkYjzifh uRefawmf\ 'kwd,pmtkyfukd xkwaf 0ay;rnfo h ludk &Sm\/
uavmifopfwpfa,muftzkdY xkwfa0olESifh pum;ajym&wm odyf
rsufESmi,fzkdU aumif;\/ vufzuf&nfqkdifwum vSnfhNyD; xDvufrSwf
a&mif;olvkdjzpfaeonf/
wpfcsdKUu vSnfhawmifrMunfh/ wpfcsdKUu acgif;cgjyonf/ wpfcsdKUu
r,lao;[k ajymonf/ wpfcsdKUusawmh olwdkYpum;0dkif;udk 0ifaESmifh,Suf&
aumif;vm; qkdaom rsufESmxm; wif;wif;jzifh Munfhonf/ wpfcsdKUus
awmh bm&,fr[kwf? xDvufrSwaf wG [kv d SefMunfh onfvSefMunfNh yD;rS
xDtkyfawGxJrSm rygaom eHygwfukdar;onf/ wpfcsdKUwpfavusrS
wpfapmifwpfav xk;d onf/
uRefawmfvnf; 'Dvdkyif jzpf\/ xkwfa0ol trsm;pku uRefawmfh
pum; rqH;k cifrSmyif acgif;cgNyD;jzpfae\/ wpfcsdKUuawmh uRefawmfh
tazESifh tpfukdrsm;\ rsufESmukd axmufxm;í &Sn&f Snfvsm;vsm; &Sif;jy
Muonf/
!
SK
]'Dvd&k Sdw,fuG nDav;&? tcktcsdefrSm pmtkyfvkyfief;u odyfraumif;
RI
vSbl;? emrnfBuD; pma&;q&mawGawmif ta&mif;usaewm? rif; yxr
N
W
pmtkyfaum b,fvdkaevJ? uGrJ SmyJ? [kwfw,fr[kwfvm;? rif; enf;enf;

rO
avmBuD; oGm;w,fu?G at;av . . . pdwfawmh rysufeJYayghuGm?

ou
ty
rxkwfjzpfao;ayr,fh a&;wmawmh a&;xm;aygh? aemif tqifajywJt h cg

ea
ud,k vfh ufxJ a&;NyD;om; ESpftkyfok;H tkyf &Sdaeawmh vkyf&udik f& aumif;wm
ll b
wi
aygh}
ok
[k ESpford fhvTwvf u
kd f\/
bo
his
uRefawmfonf tm;ravQmhao;bJ emrnfBuD; pmaywpfckxH oGm;

ft
onf/ ykdif&Sifu . . .
eo
us
]tif; . . . pOf;pm;r,fav? aemufwpfywfavmuf vmcJhaygh}

ial
erc
mm
Co
68
[k ajym\/ pOf;pm;r,f qkw d muduk uRefawmfhtwGuf tawmf
0rf;omzkdU aumif;aeNyD/ tqifajywefaumif;&JU[k arQmfvifhvkduf&onf/
wpfywfavmufMumawmh xkpd maywkdufokYd wpfacgufxyfomG ;onf/
½Hk;cef;rSm {nfo h nfawG rsm;aeojzifh wku d fa&SUu tkwcf HkrSm xkid fapmifhonf/
{nfo h nfawGrSm awmfawmfESifh rjyef/ ajymaeMuwmuvnf; ta&;BuD;aom
taMumif;udpör[kwf/ tmvmyov’my ajym&if; w0g;0g; w[m;[m;
&,faeMujcif;om jzpf\/ okdUwkdifatmif uRefawmf 0ifroGm;&J/
wpfem&Davmuf apmifhNyD;aemuf enf;enf; aMumifvmojzifh vufzuf
&nfqkdif oGm;xkdifonf/ wpfem&Davmuf xyftcsdefjzKef;NyD;rS jyefvmonf/
'gawmif vlwpfa,mufESifh pum;rjywfao;vkdY apmifhae&ao;onf/
vl&Sif;awmhrS uRefawmf r&Jw&J 0ifoGm;onf/ xkwaf 0olu . .
]bmudpöv}J
[k ar;onf/ ol uRefawmfhudk rSwrf d[ef rwl/
][kad v . . . [kdwpfywfu csdef;xm;wm}
]csdef;xm;w,f? bmudpöcsdef;wmvJ}
]uRefawmfh . . . uRefawmfh pmrl udpö}
]pmrl}
ol pOf;pm;aeonf/ cPMumrS . . .
!
SK
]bmpmrlvJ? tvkyfu rsm;awmh rrSwfrdb;l } RI
]uRefawmfh 0w¬Kav;udk 'Dwkdufu xkwfzkdY}
N
W
uRefawmft h oHu odyftm;r&Sdawmh/

rO
]bm . . . 'Dwdu k u
f xkwfr,f? r[kwfwmyJ? wkdurf Sm;aeNyD xifw,f}
ou
ty
]xkwfr,fvkdYawmh r[kwfb;l ? pOf;pm;r,fqkdvkdY}

ea
][m . . . 'Davmuf tvkyf½Iyfwm rpOf;pm;tm;ygbl;}

ll b
wi
uRefawmf em;vnfvdu k Nf yD/ [kw

d pfywfu uRefawmfhudk olajymvkduf
ok
wm wu,fr[kwf/ jrefjrefxjyefatmif NyD;NyD;a&m ajymvkdufjcif;

bo
his
jzpfvrd fhrnf/ olYtzkdU 'Dvkd pma&;q&maygufp b,fESpfa,mufavmufudk

ft
ckvdk ajymcJhNyD;NyDvJrod/ uRefawmfonf wpfpHkwpfckudk owdjyKrdvdu k o

f nf/
eo
us
olonf uRefawmfhudk ckxd xkid fyg[k ae&mray;cJhao;jcif;yif/ uRefawmf

ial
erc
csufcsif; vSnx hf GufvmcJhonf/

mm
Co
69
aemufpmtkyfwdu k f wpfwdkufu uRefawmfh yxrqHk;pmtkyfudk
zwfvkduf&onf/ BudKufonf[k ajym\/ tm;wufrdonf/ pmtkyfquf
xkwfzkdY pum;ajymcsifonf[k ajymojzifh oGm;awGUonf/
]armif&ifh pmtkyfudk xkwfr,fav? 'gayr,fh q,ftkyf pmcsKyf&r,f}
][kwfuh}J
csufcsif; oabmwlvkduo f nf/ 'geJYrNyD;ao;/ xkdolu qufí . . .
]wpfckawmh &Sdw,f? t&ifqHk; oH;k tkyf wpfNydKifwnf; ay;&r,f? tJ'D
oH;k tkytf wGuf pmrlc ray;Ekdifb;l ? av;tkyfajrmufupNyD; oihfawmfovkd
ay;r,f}
xkid fidkcsvkdufcsifpdwaf wmif aygufomG ;onf/ uRefawmfhvufxJrSm
pmtkyf wpftkypf mom &Sdonf/ xkpd mtkyfudk wpfESpfeD;yg;Mumatmif
a&;cJY&onf/ ckawmh oHk;tkyfwpfNydKifwnf; ay;&r,f/ tvum; ay;&
r,fwJh/
uRefawmf pdw"f mwfusaewkef;rSm xkwfa0ol wpfa,mufESifh awGUjyef
onf/ xko d lu tvkyfwkdufESifh bmESifh tustevkyfonfh xkwfa0olrsdK;
awmhr[kwf/ vufzuf&nfqikd fukd tcsdef;tqufjyK&m tvkyfcef;tjzpf
oabmxm;NyD; vIyf&Sm;aeolrsdK;om jzpf\/
bmyJjzpfjzpf pmtkyfxw k fjzpfzkdYom ta&;BuD;onf/ uk, d fu 'DtcsdefrSm
!
SK
b,fpmtkyfwdu k Ef SifhrSqkdNyD; a½G;aezkdY tcGifhta&;r&Sd/ RI
olu uRefawmfhpmtkyfukd xkwfrnf/ pmrlc wpfaxmifay;rnf/
N
W
vqef;wpf&ufaeYusvQif p&efaiG ig;&may;rnf/ 33 vrf;xdyf

rO
a&TMunfat; vufzuf&nfqkdifrSm aeYvnf 2 em&D csdef;vkduf\/

ou
ty
xkad eYusawmh wpfem&DcGJavmufuwnf;u uRefawmf vufzuf&nf

ea
qkid f a&mufaeonf/ csdef;xm;olu ay:rvm/ uRefawmf 3 em&DcGJtxd

ll b
wi
apmifhonf/ a&mufrvm/ 4 em&Dxd;k cgeD;usrS xjyefcJhonf/ wjcm;

ok
ta&;wBuD; udpö&SdvkdY rvmwmjzpfrnfqdNk yD; aemufwpfaeY oGm;apmifhjyef

bo
his
onf/ þokdYjzifh oHk;&ufwdwd qufapmifhonf/ aemuf oH;k av;&ufjcm;NyD;

ft
wpfacguf xyfapmifhao;onf/ vHk;0 ay:rvmawmhacs/

eo
us
uRefawmfvnf; tawmf pdwfysufomG ;rd\/ xkt d aMumif;udk pdefaMumif

ial
erc
tm; nnf;nnf;nLnL ajymrdawmh olu . . .

mm
Co
70
]tJ'Dvu l rif;udk rsufpdaemufvkdY oufouf ynm&Sdenf;eJY ESdyfpuf
oGm;wmjzpfr,fuG}
]'Dvdak wmh [kwfr,f rxifygbl;uGm? ighyxrpmtkyfukd olzwfNyD;
awmh b,fae&mrSm b,fvdBk udKufw,f qkw d mawmif ajymjyoGm;ao;wmyJ}
]'gqkd&ifawmh 'Dvdjk zpfEkdifw,fuG? 'Dv[ l m xkwfa0ol tppf r[kwf
bl;? pmrlyGJpm;jzpf&r,f? rif;pmtkyfukd zwfMunfhNyD; tvm;tvm&Sdw,f
qkwd m wGufrdvrd fhr,f? 'gaMumifh xkwfa0olawGukd vku d fpyfMunfhr,f?
axmifhESp&f mavmuf ajymr,f? tqifajy&if rif;udk wpfaxmifay;NyD; olu
ESpf&mckwrf ,f? tJ'g tqifrajyvkYd rvmwmjzpfr,f}
]raocsmyJeJY ighudk bmvkdY csdef;wmvJuG}
]'DMum;xJrSm rif;u wjcm;wpfa,mufa,mufeJY tvkyfjzpfomG ;&if ol
vufvw G foGm;rSmpkd;vkdY tydkifcsnfxm;cJhwmayghuG? tvkyfrjzpfawmhaum
olrY Sm t½HI;&SdwmrS r[kwb f J}
]at;uGm . . . igawmh awmfawmf pdwu f kefoGm;w,f}
]rif;vkyfyHk r[kwfao;bl;uG? rif;u rif;pmrludk taMumfa&mif;ovkd
wkdufaygufaph vkdufpyfaewmud;k }
]'Dvdrk Srvkyf&if ighvadk umifukd b,fou l xkwaf y;rSmvJ}
]rif; pmtkyfwpftkyf xGufNyD;NyD? pmzwfy&dowfuvJ vufcHw,f?
!
SK
r*¾Zif;awGrSmvJ 0w¬Kwkdav;awG BudKMum;BudKMum; ygpjyKaeNyD? 'gqkd RI
wpfa,mufr[kwf wpfa,mufuawmh rif;pmtkyfukd xkwfzkdU pdw0f ifpm;
N
W
vmrSmyJ? tJ'Dtcgusawmh rif;ukd&SmNyD; qufo, G fvmvdrfhr,f? rif;u

rO
oGm;p&mrvkb d l;? olwkdYu vmvdrfhr,f? pma&;q&myJuGm . . . pD;yGm;a&;

ou
ty
orm;awGudk atmufusKdUraeprf;ygeJY? udk,fhrmeeJYud, k f aeprf;yg}

ea
uRefawmf tHhMooGm;\/ pdefaMumifonf uRefawmfwkdY pmay0goem

ll b
wi
ygwmudk b,fawmhrS taumif;ajymavhr&Sd/

ok
]bmvJuGm . . . aygufu& avQmufa&;aewm? rif;wkYd 0w¬KawG

bo
his
½kdufwhpJ uúLudk abmufcsmpmtkyf ½kdufvdu k w f murS tusdK;&SdOD;r,f}

ft
[k csdK;csdK;zJhzJh ajymavh&Sd\/
eo
us
olonf uRefawmfwdYk uAsmq&m pmay0goemygol tkyfpkESifh

ial
erc
aygif;aeaomfvnf; pmzwfavhr&Sd/ r*¾Zif;pmtkyfqdv k Qif [kv d Sef'DvSef

mm
Co
71
umwGef;av; bmav;zwfNyD; jyefcsxm;wwfonf/ vH;k csif;0w¬Kqkv d Qif
tzHk;b,frSm ½kdufovJ qkw d mxuf ydkí pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sd/ xkUd aMumifh olu Y dk
uRefawmfwkdYu . . .
]rif;[m ZGef;wkdY a,mufrwkdYeJY wlw,f? ZGef;wkdY a,mufrwkYd qkw d m
xrif;[if;eJY tNrJwrf; xdawGUarTaESmufaeayr,fh xrif;[if;&JU t&omudk
rcHpm;wwfbl;? rif;vJ 'DvkdyJ? igwkdYvkd pmorm; uAsmorm;awGeJY
aygif;aeayr,fh pmay&JU wefzkd;udk rodbl;} [k ajymcJhMuzl;onf/
'Dvdak umifrsdK;u pma&;q&mqkdwm ud, k fhrmeeJYu,
dk f ae&w,f/
pD;yGm;a&;orm;udk atmufrusKdU&bl; qkdaom pum;rsdK; ajymvmojzifh
tHhMo&jcif;jzpf\/
tNrJwrf; aiG&aygufyJ pOf;pm;aeol? t&m&mudk pD;yGm;a&; tjrifjzifh
om Munfw h wfo?l tpOf t½HI;tjrwfudkom wGufaeol jzpfaomfvnf;
tEkynmorm;udk av;pm;&rnfqkdaom pdwu f av;uawmh rodrom
udef;atmif;ae&Smom;yJ[k usdwfí trSwfay;xm;vkdu&f awmhonf/
uRefawmfhtjzpfuawmh xl;ukx d l;onf[k qk&d rnf/ vH;k csif;0w¬K
xkwfrnfh xkwfa0oludk &SmrawGUbJ uAsmpmtkyfxw k frnfholESifh awGUjcif;
jzpf\/
xktd csdefu uAsmtajctaerSm tawmfqd;k aeonf/ y&dowfuvnf;
!
SK
uAsmudk pdw0f ifpm;rI tm;enf;aeonf/ wpfESpfvk;H aerS uAsmpmtkyf RI
wpftkyEf Spftkyaf vmuf zspfzspfjrnfatmif xGufzkdY BudK;pm;Mu&onf/
N
W
xGufwdik f;vnf; ½HI;onf/ b,fxkwaf 0olurS uAsmpmtkyf rxkwfcsifMu/

rO
'DESpftwGif; uAsmpmtkyf wpftkyrf Sawmif rxGufcJhao;/ 'Dvdt k ajctaersKd;

ou
ty
rSmrS uRefawmfhuAsmawGudk xkwfcsifonf[k ajymvmojzifh xl;onf[k

ea
ajymcJhjcif;jzpf\/
ll b
wi
ausmif;rSmwkef;u uRefawmfwYkd oli,fcsif;awG pkNyD; vufa&;uAsm

ok
pmtkyfav;awGukd xkwcf Jhzl;onf/ wpfaeYwGif pmtkyform;wpfa,mufu

bo
his
uRefawmfhukd ajymonf/ uRefawmfwdYk uAsmpmtkyfav;awGukd oln Y DqDrSm

ft
awGUí zwfMunfhzl;onf/ uRefawmfhuAsmawGudk oloabmusojzifh

eo
us
pkpnf;NyD; pmtkyf xkwfcsifonf[kq\ kd / uRefawmf tHhvnf;tHhMo?

ial
erc
0rf;vnf;omoGm;onf/
mm
Co
72
]pmrlcawmh ray;Ekdifao;bl;aemf? pmtkyftajctae aumif;&ifawmh
wpfrsdK;aygh}
uReffawmf vufcHonf/ ½HI;zkdY 90 &mcdkifEeI f;avmuf&Sdaom uAsmpmtkyf
udk xkwfcGifhBuHKvmwmudku uRefawmfhtzkdY tawmf auseyfavmufaom
tcGifhta&;jzpf\/
vufa&; uAsmpmtkyfuav;awGxJu uAsmrsm;tjyif a&;NyD; odrf;
xm;aom uAsmrsm;yg pkpnf;NyD; ay;vkduo f nf/ xkv d lu pmaypdppfa&;
½Hk;odkY wifvdu k \
f / cGifhjyKcsuf&vQif taMumif;Mum;rnf qko d nf/
aemufawmh olYudk rawGU&awmhacs/
uRefawmhfpdwx f J ½Hk;rSmMumaevkYd rvmwmyJ[k xifonf/ aemufus
awmhrS olonf pmaye,fxJrSm jyóemwpfck wufonf[k Mum;&onf/
pmtkyfjzefYcsDa&; vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;xHrS aiG,Nl yD; pmtkyfawG rtyfEkdifojzifh
olNY rdKUolY½Gm jyefvpfoGm;NyD [líjzpf\/
uRefawmfhrSm bmvkyf&rSef;rodbJ jzpfusef&pfcJh&\/
pmrluvnf; pmaypdppfa&;½Hk; wifxm;NyD;NyD/ jyifp&m? jzKwfp&mawG
&Sdojzifh vmawGUyg[k ½Hk;urSmaeaMumif; rdwaf qGwpfa,mufu vmajym
onf/
ckusawmhrS uRefawmf 'Dpmtkyf rxkwaf wmhygbl; qkdNyD; jyef½kyfodrf;
!
SK
vQif odum© usawmhrnf/ RI
ud,
k b hf momud, k f xkwfzkdY qkw d muvnf; rjzpfEkdifavmufaom
N
W
tajctaerSm &Sdae\/ t&ifu vufusefaiGuvnf; ajymifNyD/ 0ifaiGr&Sd

rO
ojzifh xkad iGuav;ukd zJhzJhoHk;cJh&onf/ bGUJ &NyD;NyDjzpfí rdbawGqDuvnf;

ou
ty
rawmif;csifawmh/ xkpd Ofu uRefawmfhvufxJrSm rSwfrSw&f & aiG 35

ea
usyfom &Sd\/
ll b
wi
wku
d fwkdufqdik fqdkifyif uRefawmf acgif;ylatmif pOf;pm;&if; avQmuf
ok
vmwkef; 32 vrf;xdyfrSm pdefaMumifESifh oGm;awGUonf/ olu vufzuf&nf

bo
his
wku d frnf qko d jzifh yDwdvufzuf&nfqkdifrmS xkdifMuonf/

ft
olu aygufu&awG avQmufajymNyD; aemufajymifaeonf/

eo
us
uRefawmfu odyfr½Tif/ wpfcgwpfcg olajymwm rMum;rdbJ ud, k t

fh awG;
ial
erc
ESifhudk,f vGefveG foGm;onf/ ol &dyfrdoGm;NyD; . . .

mm
Co
73
]a[haumif . . bmjzpfaewmvJ? aumifrav;eJY jyóem wufvmvkYd
vm;}
]r[kwfygbl;uGm}
qkNd yD; uAsmpmtkyfupd ö ajymjyonf/ olonf twefMum pOf;pm;ae
onf/ olv Y ufñI;d rsm;u pm;yGJay:rSm wpfpHkwpfck a&;jcpfaeovkd a&GUvsm;
ae\/
xkYad emuf . . .
]rif;eJYig pyfwl vkyfrvm;}
uRefawmf tHhMooGm;onf/ 'Daumif aemufrsm;aemufaeovm;[k
xifao;onf/ olYrsufESmu twnfyifjzpf\/ 'Daumif uAsmpmtkyf
taMumif; rodao;vkdYyJ [k awG;rdonf/
]uAsmpmtkyfxkw&f if ½HI;zkdY usdef;aow,faemf}
]igodygw,fuGm? rif;uvJ ighudk usdef;aojrwfrS vkyfr,fah umifvkdY
wGufxm;wmud;k ? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfw,fqdw k m jrwfwJhtcgvnf; &Sdr,f? ½HI;wJh
tcgvnf; &Sdr,f? t½HI;enf;NyD; tjrwfrsm;wJhvl[m atmifjrifwmyJ?
wpfcgwpfavusawmhvJ ½HI;r,frSef;odvsufeJU pGefYNyD; vkyf&wm aysmfp&m
yJu?G ½HI;r,fvkdY BudKwGufxm;NyD;om;qkad wmh wu,f½HI;vnf; odyf0rf;enf;
p&mr&Sdb;l ? uHaumif;axmufrvkYd jrwfvm&if odyft&om&Sdw,f}
!
SK
]rif;uom ajymaewm? ighrSmu ykdufqw H pfjym;rS r&Sdbl;} RI
]odyfrvkyd gbl;uGm? puúLzkd;avmufyJ &Smaygh? b,fESpfazmif&SdvJ
N
W
rif;pmtkyfu}
rO
]oH;k azmif}
ou
ty
]'gqkd tkyfa& wpfaxmiftwGuf oH;k xkyfaygh? twGif;pmom;udk

ea
ta<u;½kdufay;r,fh puf r&Sdbl;vm;}

ll b
wi
]&Sdw,f}
ok
]'gqkd NyD;NyDaygh? tzHk;twGuf ighwm0efxm;? ighqDrSm twfayyg

bo
his
jzwfpawG &Sdw,f? enf;enf;awmh 0gaeNyD? 'gayr,fh ½kdufvkdY jzpfw,f?

ft
udo
k def;jrifhudk bavmufvkyfckdif;vkdY &w,f? aemufrS &Sif;vkdY jzpfw,f?
eo
us
uAsmpmtkyf tzHk;avmufawmh ighpufuav;eJU ½kdufvd&Yk ygw,f}

ial
erc
mm
Co
74
okYEd Sifh uAsmpmtkyf xkwfzkdY tpDtpOfjzpfomG ;onf/ olu jzefYcsda&;yHkpHukd
ar;onf/ uAsmpmtkyf jzefYcsDa&;e,fy,frSm usOf;ajrmif;vSonf/ pmtkyf
qkid fBuD;tcsdKU? &efuek fwuúov dk f&Sd qkid ftcsddKU? AkdvfcsKyfaps;&Sd yef;csDyef;yk
ta&mif;cef;ra&SUu yef;uefpkww f Hqkdif ponfwdYkavmufom &Sd\/ t"du
aps;uGufrSm tcsif;csif; vufqifhurf; a&mif;&jcif;om jzpfavonf/
pdefaMumifu ajymonf/
]aps;uGufukd csJUuGm? &efukefrSm &SdwJhpmtkyfqdkif tukefvdkufwifr,f?
vH;k csif;0w¬KawG ½kyfjyawG jzefYwJh yHkpHtwdkif; vkyfMunfh&atmif? NyD;awmh
e,ftrSmpm ac:Munfhr,fuGm? rif;BudKufwJhyHkpHajym? aMumfjim yrf;zvuf
wpfck ig½kduaf y;r,f? e,fudk trSmpmac:Munfh? tkyfig;q,favmufyJ
rSmOD;? e,ftrSmpmac:wJh p&dwfausEkdifw,f}
xdok kdYjzifh uAsmpmtkyfxu J xdrdonfh pmom;tcsdKUudk xkwfEIwNf yD;
aMumfjimpm½Guf ½kdufonf/ e,ftrSmpm ac:onf/ uRefawmfhpdwx f JrSm
e,fu tkyw f pf&mavmufrSmvQif uHaumif;axmufrwmyJ[k wGufonf/
wu,fvmawmh tkyfok;H &mausmf trSmpm 0ifvm\/ rEÅav;&Sd
pmtkyfqdik fBuD;awGuvnf; rukefjyefay;pepfjzifh tkyfok;H &m ydkYay;zkdU rSmMu
onf/
pdefaMumifu trSmpmudk pm&if;MunfhNyD; . . .
!
SK
]a[haumif . . . rif;pmtkyfukd wpfaxmifwnf; r½kdufeJY? ESpfaxmif RI
½kdufayawmh} [k ajym\/
N
W
]rjzpfygbl;uGm? rEÅav;u oH;k &mu rukef&if jyefay;rSmuG? NyD;awmh

rO
&efuek ftwGuf av;&mawmif jzefYzkdY &Sdaewm}

ou
ty
]tkyfwpfaxmif ydk½kdufvdkY bmrSrukefb;l ? rif;pmtkyfu oH;k azmifwnf;

ea
&Sdwm? puúLoHk;xkyfeJY ½kdufcavmufyJ ydkukefr,f? tzHk;puúLuvJ jyóem

ll b
wi
r&Sdbl;}
ok
]tkyfESpfaxmif ukefrSmr[kwfbl;uG}
bo
his
]rukefawmh bmjzpfvJ? wu,fvkdtyfvmvkYd pmtkyfr&SdrS tcH&cuf

ft
aer,f? pmtkyfrsm;rsm;&Sdawmh vufaqmifrsm;rsm; ay;vkdU&w,f? aMumfjim

eo
us
oabmjzpfoGm;wmaygh? rsm;rsm; ysHYESHUoGm;&if ydkNyD; vlodrsm;vmr,f

ial
erc
mm
Co
75
r[kwfvm;? rylygeJYuGm? tkyfwpfaxmifawmh at;at;av; ukefygw,f?
igwkdY r½HI;ygbl;}
olvkyfyHkudk uRefawmf wjznf;jznf; oabmaygufvmonf/ wpf&uf
wGif olyY HkESdyfwdu k frSm vufzufajcmuftdwfawG ½kdufaewmawGU&\/ yvwf
pwpftdwfay:rSm ukeftrSwfwHqdyf ½kdufaejcif;yif/ uRefawmf tBuHwpfck
&ojzifh olYukd ajymjyonf/
]igwkdY uAsmpmtkyfukd yvwfpwpftdwfuav;awGxJ xnfha&mif;&if
aumif;r,fuG? tdwaf y:rSm pmtkyfemrnf ½kdurf ,f}
]aumif;w,f? b,folrS rvkyfzl;ao;bl;}
]armifarmuf (Ouúvm) awmh vkyfzl;w,fuG? 'gayr,fh olw Y kef;u
yvwfpwpftdwfcsnf; oufoufyJ? tdwaf y:rSm pmtkyfemrnf
½kdufrxm;bl;? igwkdYu tJh'gav; xyfvyk fvdu k f&if tjrifqef;r,f}
'DvdEk Sifh uRefawmfh uAsmpmtkyfav;rSm tawmftwef oyfoyf&yf&yf
xGufvmonf/
uAsmpmtkyfjzefY&wm tvGefrsufESmi,faMumif;udk uRefawmf 0w¬K
pmtkyfawGxJrSmvnf; xnfha&;zl;onf/ pmtkyfqdkifawGu uAsmpmtkyf
vmwifoq l v kd Qif tvSLcHvdyk if jiif;y,fxkww f wfMuonf/ uRefawmf
t&if pmtkyftvkyf vkyfwkef;u oduRrf;aeaom pmtkyfqikd frsm;uom
!
SK
vkvd vkd m;vm; &Sdonf/ RI
rnfokdYyifqakd p uRefawmfh pmtkyfonf uAsmpmtkyw f pftkyf\ twkid f;
N
W
twmESifhqkdvQif a&mif;aumif;onf[k qk&d rnf/ tkyfa& axmifhESpf&m

rO
avmuf ukefoGm;onf/ aemufwpfv qufjzefYonf/ tkyfESpf&mavmuf

ou
ty
xyfa&mif;&jyefonf/ 'DvkdESifh wwd wwd a&mif;ae&NyD; ajcmufvtMumrSm

ea
tkyfESpfaxmif ukefomG ;onf/ (arwåmvufaqmif azmazmoDoD ay;ypfwm

ll b
wi
vnf;ygonf/)
ok
xkpd Oftcgu uAsmpmtkyf wpftkyt f aeESifh a&mif;aumif;cJhwm tHhzG,f

bo
his
wpfyg;tjzpf pmtkyform;rsm;u ,lqcJhMu&\/ uRefawmfwYkd wpfa,muf

ft
oH;k &mpDavmuf (pm&if;t&) jrwfcJhMuonf/ vufxJrSm aiGaMu;tjzpf

eo
us
usefonfawmhr[kwf/ vrf;p&dw?f vufzuf&nfzkd; ponfwdYu k kd pmtkyf

ial
erc
a&mif;&aiGxJrSyif oHk;cJh&aomaMumifhjzpf\/
mm
Co
76
xkud AsmpmtkyfaMumihf uRefawmfonf tawmftoifh emrnfuav;
ydkxGuv
f monf/ xkdpmtkyfuav;onf uRefawmfh pmayb0udk txku d f
tavsmuf taxmuftul jyKay;EkdifcJhonfrSm trSefyifjzpf\/
pdefaMumifESifh ywfoufí wpfcgwpfcg vufo;D ESifh qGJxkd;csifavmuf
atmif a'gojzpfcJh&aomfvnf; olYtultnDjzifh uAsmpmtkyfuav;
xkwfjzpfcJhonfudk axmufxm;NyD; acscJh axcJh cGifhvTwcf Jh&onfh
tBudrfaygif; tawmfrsm;rsm; &SdcJhavonf/
_______
!
SK
RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
77
tcef; ( 8 )
uRefawmfonf pdefaMumifhudk c&D;oGm;[efvJT oabmrsdK; tultnD

wpfck ay;cJhzl;onf/ uRefawmfhtzdkY bmrS cufcufcJcJ aqmif½Gucf Jh&onf
vnf;r[kwf/ aiGwpfjym;wpfcsyf tukeftuscHcJh&jcif;vnf;r&Sd/ pdefaMumifh
twGuu f sawmh tawmfBuD;rm;aom taxmuftul jzpfcJhonf/
uRefawmfhrdwaf qGwpfa,mufu uRefawmfhudk ajymonf/
]igholi,fcsif;wpfa,mufu cGJrSL;jzpfaew,fu?G olwdkYpuf½Hku yHkESdyf
!
SK
vkyfief;eJY ywfoufwJh tvkyfawG trsm;BuD; &Sdaew,fwJh? tJh'g ighudk RI
tvkyfawG csay;r,f ajymw,f? pm;zkdYaomufzkdY &wmayghumG ? cufwmu
N
W
iguvJ yHkESdyfvkyfief;udk em;vnfwmr[kwfb;l ? rif;uawmh pmayavmu

rO
xJrSm aeae&wm qkdawmh yHkESdyfpufawG bmawG todtuRrf;&SdrSmyJ? ihgudk

ou
ty
yHkESdyfpufwpfckeJY qufo, G fay;prf;yg? tvkyfjzpf&if ighudk aumfr&Sifay;yg}

ea
uRefawmf pdefaMumifhudk csufcsif; owd&onf/ xkdYaMumifh olwkdY

ll b
wi
ESpfa,mufukd awGUay;vkduf\/ tvkyfpum; ajymMuNyD;aemuf tqifajy

ok
oGm;onf/
bo
his
uRefawmfu pdefaMumifhtwGuf tvkyfwpfck xyf&onfqNkd yD; omref

ft
0rf;ajrmufrIavmufom &Sdonf/ wu,fwrf;usawmh xkv d kyfief;rSm

eo
us
awmfawmf pm;omaom vkyfief;jzpf\/ xkYt d jyif pdefaMumifhtwGuf

ial
erc
vkyfuu G ftopfwpfckvnf; jzpfonf/

mm
Co
78
pdefaMumifonf xkdtvkyfrS tusdK;tjrwftjyif tawGUtBuHKyg
&vku d fonf/ xkt d awGUtBuHKay:rlwnfí aemufxyf Xmeqkid f&m vkyfief;
trsm;tjym;udk qufvufwd;k csJU vkyfukid fzkdY vrf;p&oGm;onf/ yHkESdyfvyk fief;
omru wjcm;vkyfuGuaf wGuydk g jrifvmonf/ olYtwGuf tusdK;tjrwf
ajrmufjrm;pGm &&SdcJhonf/
uRefawmfonf olYudk BuD;yGm;wk;d wufrI vrf;aMumif;ay:okdY trSwf
rxif wifay;rdcJhjcif;yifjzpf\/ xkt d csufukd tpu uRefawmf owdrjyKrd/
aemufrS wjznf;jznf; odvmjcif;jzpf\/
uRefawmfu aqmif½Guaf y;&onfhtydkif;u odyfBuD;BuD;us,fus,f
r[kwf/ tvkyfay;rnfqkdaom uRefawmfhrdwaf qGESifh pdefaMumifhudk awGUqHzk kdY
pDpOfay;vkdujf cif;rQom jzpf\/ usefwm pdefaMumifu olt Y pGrf;tpESifhol
qufvuf vkyfudik foGm;jcif;yif/
xkYad Mumifh uRefawmfu xkdudpöESifh ywfoufí odyfa&;BuD;cGifhus,f
vkyfNyD; *kPf,l0ifh<um;rI jyKraeawmh/
pdefaMumifuvnf; uRefawmfh aus;Zl;aMumifh 'Dvdk vkyfief;e,fy,fxJ
ajccscGifh&NyD; 'DtuGufawG jrifcGifh&vmonf[k wpfcgrS xkwfrajymcJhzl;acs/
uRefawmfhrdwaf qGrSm ½kd;½dk;tt jzpf\/ trSefqdv k Qif olt Y aejzifh
yif&if;ae&mudk olYvufxJrSmyif xm;oifhonf/ vkyfief;usvmrS pdefaMumifh
!
SK
vufrSmvmtyf? tvkyfNyD;awmh ,lNyD; oludk,fwdik f vkyfonfh yHkrsdK;jzifh RI
puf½Hkudkay;? aiGxw k f,l? pdefaMumihfudk puf½kdufcay;? 'grsdK;vkyf&rnf/
N
W
ckawmh olu pdefaMumifhudk cGJrSL;ESifh wku d f½kduf awGUay;vkduo f nf/

rO
[if;pm;omru uGefcsufukdyg jyonfhjyif ykdufuGefudyk g tyfvdu k of nfh

ou
ty
oabmyif/
ea
pdefaMumifonf 'Davmufawmif tcGifhta&; &aeaomtcg olu Y dk

ll b
wi
wjznf;jznf; yxkwNf yD; vkyfuu G fudk tykdifpD;vkdufEkdifaMumif; olrawG;rd/

ok
xkod l uHaumif;wmu pdefaMumifonf uRefawmfhrsufESmudk axmufxm;í

bo
his
oltY ay: oufoufñmS ñSm oabmxm;vdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifh&jcif;yif

ft
jzpf\/
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
79
cGJrSL;ESifhawGUMuawmh yxrqH;k yHkpHZ,m;awG ½dkufzkdYtyfrnf[k qkd
onf/ tqifajyvQif puf½HkxGuf ypön;f awGrSm uyfonfh wHqdyfwkdY?
ukefxw k f puúLbl;ay: uyfonfh wHqyd fwdYyk g quftyfrnfjzpf\/
t&ifqk;H tyfrnfh yHkpHZ,m;udpö ajymMuonf/ pdefaMumifu olodcsif
aom tcsuftvufawG ar;onf/
]½kdufcsuf b,favmuf &SdovJ}
]½Guaf & av;aomif; p½kdufrSmyJ? yHkpHawGu wpfjynfvHk;udk jzefYrSm
qkad wmh wpfvtwGif; xyf½kduf&rSmygyJ}
]vpOf½dkufr,fh oabmaygh}
][kwfw,f? tJ'g cifAsm; ½kdufc b,fvd, k rl vJ}
pdefaMumif pOf;pm;onf/ aumfr&Sifupd ö pOf;pm;jcif;jzpf\/ ½kdufc
rsm;rsm; awmif;vkdYvnf;rjzpf/ tvkyfrjzpfvQif epfemrnf/ a&&Snu f dk
Munfh&rnf/ enf;oGm;vkdYvnf; rjzpf/ a&&Snu f sawmh xdckdufEkdifonf/
csdefqNyD; . . .
]wpfaxmifukd ESpq f ,fEIef;eJY ½kdufay;yghr,f}
enf;enf; rsm;aeaMumif;awmh odonf/ udpör&Sd/ [ku d avQmhcdkif;tHk;
rSmESifh taeawmfusrnf/ odyfaps;qpfvmvQif yHkpHZ,m;udk pmpD&rnfh
ukefusp&dwu f dk ykdydkomomav; ajymjy&rnf[k wGufxm;\/ cGJrSL;u
!
SK
aps;EIef;udk Mum;aomtcg tHhtm;oifhovkjd zpfoGm;NyD; . . . RI
]tif; . . . wu,fv h leJY awGUaeNyDxifw,f? rif;uaum bmrS
N
W
BudKrajymxm;bl;vm;}
rO
[k qufo, G fay;aom olo Y li,fcsif;buf vSnhaf r;\/

ou
ty
]igvJ b,fodrvJuG? wpfcgrS vkyfzl;wmrS r[kwb f J}

ea
]bmjyóem &SdvkdYygvJ? uRefawmfawmif;wm rsm;oGm;vkYv d m;}

ll b
wi
pdefaMumifu 0ifar;onf/ cGJrSL; acwå qkwfqdkif;aeNyD;

ok
]rsm;vkdY r[kwfygbl;? enf;aevkY}d

bo
his
]Asm}
ft
]at;Asm yGifhyGifhvif;vif;yJ ajymMuygpdkY? rESpfu½kdufwJh yHkESdyfwkdufu

eo
us
wpfaxmifudk oH;k q,fEIef; ,lw,f? 'Dawmh awmfawmfav; uGmaew,fAs?

ial
erc
aps;oufomwm aumif;awmh aumif;wmayghav? 'gayr,fh . . . rESpfu

mm
Co
80
oH;k q,fawmif ay;&NyD; 'DESpfusrS bmaMumifh ESpfq,fwnf;ay;&vJ qkdwJh
ar;cGef; ay:vmEkdifw,f? rESpfwkef;u yHkESdyfpufeJYaygif;NyD; r½dk;rom;
vkyfxm;w,fvdUk txifrcHEkdifb;l av? 'Dawmh cifAsm; enf;enf; wkd;,l
vku d fyg? 'grS ,kwåd&SdrSmaygh? [J [J . . .}
csufueJ jrnfoGm;oH Mum;vkdu&f onf[k xif\/ xkt d oHonf
olOY D;aESmufxu J jrnfoGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; pdefaMumifodonf/
pdefaMumifonf cyfwkH;wHk;aumif r[kwf/ 'grsdK; rBuHKzl;aomfvnf;
Mum;zl;em;0&Sdonf/ 'Dae&mrSm tlaMumifaMumif vkyfaevkYduawmh tvkyf
jzpfrSmr[kwf/ tcsdefrqGb J J csufcsif; tajzay;zkdYvkdaMumif; olem;vnf
onf/ 'grS vkyfief;uRrf;usif wwford I&SdaMumif; jyo&m a&mufEkdifrnf/
xkYad Mumifh . . .
]aus;Zl;yJ? uRefawmfuvJ tvkyfjzpfoGm;atmif temcHNyD; ajymvkduf&
wm? ESpfq,fqkd wu,fawmh rudu k fbl;? 'Dvdv
k kyfygvm;? uRefawmfhudk
ESpfq,fhESpu f syfEIef; ay;aygh? 'gayr,fh ESpfq,fh&SpfusyfEIef;vkdY oabmxm;
yghr,f}
pdefaMumifonf oHwrefqefqef ajymvkduo f nf/ ol pum;ajym
yg;eyfyHkudk wpfzufvu l oabmusoGm;\/ ESpfq,fh&SpfusyfEIef;
owfrSwo f nf/ pdefaMumifu ESpfq,fhESpfusyfyJ ,lrnf/ 'Dawmh usefwJh
!
SK
ajcmufusyfu . . . RI
oabmwlnDrI &oGm;\/ tvkyfvufcHou l avQmhajymNyD; tvkkyftyf
N
W
olu ydkay;aeonfhtjzpfrSm &,fp&maumif;vSonf/ okYd&mwGif 'g

rO
[moZmwfvrf; r[kwf/ tjrwftpGef;onf &,fp&m r[kwf[k pdefaMumif

ou
ty
xifonf/
ea
xkvd kyfief;rSm rarQmfvifhbJ olYtwGuf awmfawmfusefonf/ yHkpHZ,m;

ll b
wi
pmpDcu tpdwfavmufyJ ukefonf/

ok
'gawmif ol rtm;vkYd ukd,fwkdif rpDEkdifjcif;jzpf\/ ykHrSefEIef;qkdvQif

bo
his
wpfaxmif q,fhESpfusyfxuf ykdr&Ekdif/ rifvnf; odyfrukef/

ft
ck yHkrSefxuf wpfq,fydk&onf/ wpfaxmifudk wpfq,f? wpfaomif;

eo
us
udk wpf&m/ ½kdufcsufav;aomif; qkad wmh aiGav;&m ydk&onfhoabm

ial
erc
jzpf\/
mm
Co
81
aemufydkif;usawmh ukefypönf; trSww f Hqdyfrsm;yg ½kdufcGifh&vmonf/
'gawGuvnf; wpfcg½kdufvQif ½Guaf &ig;aomif; tenf;qH;k jzpf\/
ESpfa&mif½kduf&wmrsdK;qkdvQif ½kdufcsufu odef;ESihcf sDoGm;onf/
olpY ufrSm t&ifuwnf;u ½kdufaeus aq;vdyfwq H dyfwkdY? tarT;wkdif
wHqdyfwdYu k &Sdao;onf/ xkt d cg olYvufxd;k puf tao;uav;ESifh
rEkdifreif;jzpfvm\/ wjcm;pufrSm cGJtyf&rnfh tajctae a&mufvmonf/
ckvdk tvkyfcGJtyf&ojzifh wjcm;pufawGukd yHkrSefEIef;jzifh &dkufcay;&
onfhwkdif olt Y wGuf awmfawmfusefao;onf/ okYd&mwGif olonf
xkt d csufukyd if tuGuf0ifatmif toHk;csí aiGydk0ifatmif vkyfoGm;avao;
onf/
olpY ufrSm vufxd;k pufuav;rQom jzpf\/ avQmufvTmpm½Guf
ESpfqt½G,ef D;yg;txdom tBuD;qH;k xm; ½kdufEkdifonf/ 0w¬KpmtkyfawG
½kdufonfh pufBuD;rsdK;qkdvQif ua&mif;qkdufudk vufr ESpfq,f oH;k q,f
t½G,t f pm;xd ½dkufvdY&k onf/
olt Y BuHtpnfu þodkYjzpf\/
xkt d csdefu pmtkyfvkyfief; tajctaeu raumif;vSacs/
xkYad Mumifh 0w¬Kpmtkyf½kdufonfh yHkESdyfpufrsm; tvkyfyg;aeonf/
wpfcsdKUpufawG tvkyfr&Sdí xkid fae&onf/ 'Dvdpk ufrsdK;udk vku d f&Smonf/
!
SK
tvkyftyfonf/ RI
xkpd ufBuD;rsm;rSm yHkpHZ,m;av;ckpmudk wpfNydKifwnf; ½kdufvdY&k onf/
N
W
&kdufcuawmh olYpufuav;ESifh ½kdufc wlwlavmufyif jzpf\/ pmpDc

rO
enf;enf; ydkukefwmyJ&Sdonf/
ou
ty
pufBuD;ESifh av;yHkwGJ apmifa& wpfaomif;avmuf ½dkufNyD; av;ydkif;

ea
jzwfvkdufaomtcg yHkpHav;aomif;jzpfvm\/ pufBuD;udk wpfaomif;pm

ll b
wi
½kdufc wpf&mhESpfq,f? pmpDcu 0w¬Kpmtkyfqdv k Qif wpfazmif ig;q,fh

ok
ig;usyf jzpfaomfvnf; a*smhwu kd fac: vkyfief;jzpfí &Spfq,fay;vkduo f nf/

bo
his
aygif; ESpf&m/
ft
pdefaMumifu puf½HkrS apmifa& av;aomif;pm aiGxkwfonf/

eo
us
wpfaxmifudk ESpfq,fhESpfusyfESifhwGuv f Qif &Spf&mh&Spfq,f &onf/ o,f,l

ial
erc
ydkYaqmifp&dwf z,fvkdufvQif olYtwGuf tom;wif ajcmuf&mausmf

mm
Co
82
usefao;onf/ xkdaiGrSm olYyHkESdyfpufrS wpfcsufuav;awmif r½kduf&bJ
tom;wif&onfh aiGjzpfavonf/
'geJYawmif olu odyfrauseyfao;/ wpfcg½kdufvQif wpfcg pmpDc
azmifoGif;c &Spfq,f ray;&atmif BuHonf/ aiGav;&mavmuf &if;ESD;NyD;
Z,m;av;ckwJpG m bavmufwpfck jyKvkyfvdu k f \/
Zifhbavmufqkdawmh Mum&Snfvnf; cHonf/ ½kdufcsifonfhtcsdef
azmifoGif;NyD; ½kdufvdu k ½f Hkomjzpf\/ pmpDp&m rvkdawmhojzifh tcsdefukef
oufomonf/
tvkyfcGJa0 vufcH&aom yHkESdyfpuftaejzifh pdefaMumif tnGefUcl;pm;
aeaMumif; r&dyfrdbaJ wmh aernfr[kwf/ okdY&mwGif auseyfonf/ yHkrSefEIef;
twkdif; ½dkufc&onf/ azmif&Snjf zpfí wpfcgwifxm;vQif qufwdu k f
½kdufEkdifaomaMumifh tvkyfr½Iy/f ta&;tBuD;qHk;u tvkyfr&SdbJ xkid fae
&rnft h csdefrSm vpOf yHkrSeftvkyfuav;wpfck &aejcif;jzpf\/
xkYad Mumifh pdefaMumifhudk aus;Zl;awmif wif&ao;onf/ wjcm;puf
ajymif;tyfrSmpdk;vkdY pdefaMumifvmvQif vufzuf&nf? tat;? rkefYwkdYESifh
{nfch HNyD; zm;&ao;onf/
!
SK
RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
83
tcef; ( 9 )
uRefawmfwkdY tkyfpkonf t&uform;awGawmh r[kwMf u/ wpfcg

wpfav oli,fcsif;awGqHkrS taMumif;wpfckck&SmNyD; aomufjzpfMujcif;
jzpf\/
xkYad eYu uRefawmf&,f? pkd;aomif;&,f? arSmq f &m&,f qHMk uonf/
paeaeYnae qHkaeMutwkid f; pkd;aomif;wkdYtdrfukd uRefawmfa&mufoGm;awmh
arSmfq&mESifh pkd;aomif;wkdU wpfpHkwpfck wkid fyifaeMuaMumif; odvdu k f \/
]'DaeY igharG;aeYrkdYvkdY tpDtpOfuav; vkyfrvkYu d Gm}
!
SK
[k pkd;aomif;u ajym\/ uRefawmfu . . . RI
]'gqkd bk&m;oGm;&atmif? 'DaeY bk&m;yGJ&Sdw,f}
N
W
[k ododBuD;ESifh ajymvku d fonf/ pdk;aomif;u ½HIUrJhNyD; . . .

rO
]igwkdYu enf;enf; oGm;armhrvm;vkdY wkid fyifaewm}

ou
ty
]aumif;w,fav? rif;arG;aeY qkad wmh rif;u jyKpkaygh}

ea
]rif;wku dY ighudk arG;aeYvufaqmiftjzpf wku d foifhwm}

ll b
wi
arSmfq&mu 0ifí . . .
ok
]a[haumifawG . . . pdefaMumifukd oGm;ac:NyD; ñSOf;&atmif}

bo
his
]aumif;w,f . . . ckwavm 'Daumif axmaew,f? olYudk wku d fckdif;

ft
&r,f}
eo
us
uRefawmfu owif;ay;vkdufojzifh pdefaMumifhtdrf oGm;Muonf/

ial
erc
arQmfvifhxm;onfhtwkdif; olYukd yHkESdyfpufcef;xJrSm awGU&\/

mm
Co
84
uRefawmfwkdY yHkpHawGudk jrifvu kd fonfESifh tjyifxu
G fzkdY vmac:wmyJ
qkw d m &dyfrdNyD; tvGeftvkyfrsm;aeonfhyHkpHrsdK; vkyfjyonf/
pdk;aomif;u . . .
]pdefaMumif . . . vmavuGm? enf;enf; oGm;cs&atmif}
][m . . . tvkyf odyfrsm;aew,fu?G reuf ay;&r,fh tvkyfawG
&Sdaew,f? 'Dn tNyD;½kduf&rSm}
]rif;nDukd ½kdufcdkif;&if &ygw,fuGm}
]'Daumif ½dkufvrdYk jzpfb;l ? wl;umvm xyf½kduf&rSm yifvGJvYkd r&bl;}
]rif;cke bmrS rvkyfygbl;uGm? igwkdYvmwmjrifrS tvkyfrsm;csifa,mif
aqmifaewmyg}
]tckyJ csdwfuiG f;oGif;rvkYd vkyfaewmuG}
pdefaMumifonf t&ufodyfaomufavhr&Sd/ oli,fcsif;awG ac:vGef;
ruac:rS wpfcgwpfav 0wfauswrf;aus wpfcGuEf SpfcGuaf vmuf
aomufjcif;jzpf\/
]'DaeY pkd;aomif;&JU arG;aeYu?G tJ'g rif;olYudk t&ufwkdufzkdY
aumif;w,f}
pdefaMumifonf uRefawmfwdYk r&ru uyfNyD;ac:aernfpkd;í tjywf
ajymvkdufonf/
!
SK
]'DrSm a[haumifawG? rif;wkdYvkd tm;tm;,m;,m; avQmufoGm;aevkdY RI
&wmr[kwfb;l ? t&ufaomufwmvJ 0goemrygbl;? rif;wkdY ightdrfrSm
N
W
xrif;pm;csif&if tcsdefra½G;vmcJh? t&ufaomufzkdYawmh ig;jym;wpfaph

rO
awmif ray;bl;}
ou
ty
pdwq f wfaom pkd;aomif;u a'guefomG ;ojzifh igESifh udik fqJvkdufNyD; .

ea
..
ll b
wi
]rif; odyfvyl g;r0eJY? rif;wkdufrS aomuf&r,fah umifawG r[kwfb;l ?

ok
igwkdYbmom oGm;r,f? a[haumifawG vm}

bo
his
qkNd yD; a&SUu xGufoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYvnf; vkdufxGuo f nf/

ft
arSmq f &mu rif;pum; rif;rSwfxm;aemf[k vSnfhajymonf/

eo
us
'Dvdu k sawmh pdefaMumif enf;enf;NzHKNyD; . . .

ial
erc
mm
Co
85
]vufzuf&nf aomufMuygvm;uG? cPawmh ig tjyifxu G fvkdY
&w,f}
]aqm&D;yJ}
[k uRefawmf ajymcJh\/
uRefawmfwkdY udjk raomif;qkid fukd oGm;Muonf/ wpfykvif;udk
oH;k a,muf rQaomufMuonf/ xkYdaemuf vrf;avQmuf&if; pum;ajymMu
onf/
pum;ajym aumif;aeojzifh nOfUeufoGm;onf/ tdrfvnf; rjyefcsif
Muao;ojzifh bk&m;yGJaps;wef; avQmufMu\/
Zmwf½Hkwpf½Hku ½HkzGifhonft
h csdefESifh BuHKojzifh txJ0ifxkdifMunfhonf/
cPMumawmh pdk;aomif; zsmay:rSm tdyfaysmfoGm;onf/ uRefawmfESifh
arSmfq&mu ZmwfudkMunfhvkduf pum;ajymvku d v
f kyf&if; tcsdefuek fomG ;\/
pdk;aomif; Ekd;vmawmh reufav;em&D xkd;aeNyD/
]qmvku d fwmuGm? nu bmrS [kwfwdywfwd rpm;cJh&bl;}
[k nnf;onf/ ykdufqHvnf; r&SdMuawmh/ arSmq f &mu
]ig tBuHwpfck &w,f? pdefaMumifhudk oGm;EId;&atmif}
]vkyfraeprf;ygeJY? 'Daumihfukd tzufvkyfNyD; oGm;rEId;eJY}
pdk;aomif;u nu pdwfq;kd vufp t&Sed frajybJ ajymonf/
!
SK
]at;av . . iguvJ 'Daumifhudk csOfvdYkudk oGm;EId;rSm? nwkef;u RI
ajymvku d fw,f r[kwfvm;? t&ufaomufzkdYqkd wpfjym;rSray;Ekdifb;l ?
N
W
xrif;pm;csif&if tcsdefra½G;yJvY}kd
rO
arSmfq&mhtBuHukd uRefawmf oabmusoGm;onf/

ou
ty
okYjd zifh uRefawmfwdYk pdefaMumifhtdrfukd oGm;Mu\/ tdrfa&SUuae

ea
atmfNyD;EdI;onf/ olYtaru t&ifEkd;vmonf/

ll b
wi
][Jh . . b,foal wGvJ? tcsdefrawmfBuD;}

ok
]uRefawmfwdYkyg a':a':? pdefaMumifhudk EId;ay;yg? ta&;BuD;vkY}d

bo
his
uRefawmfwkdY toHaMumifh olYtaza&m? nD nDrawGyg Ekd;vmNyD;

ft
acgif;jyLMunfhMuonf/ pdefaMumifvnf; tdyfrIefpHkrTm; xvmNyD; . . .

eo
us
]bmjzpfvmMuwmvJuG? 'DtcsdefBuD;rSm b,fol bmjzpfvkdYvJ}

ial
erc
mm
Co
86
olpY dwx f J reufav;em&DBuD; vmEId;ojzihf ta&;ay: ema&;udpö[k
xifyHk&onf/ arSmfq&mu . . .
]bmrSrjzpfbl;? igwkYd xrif;pm;csifvkdY vmwm}
]bm . . .}
]rif;yJ nu ajymw,fr[kwfvm;? xrif;pm;csif&if tcsdefra½G;
vmcJhqkd}
][muGm? awmfawmfqd;k wJh aumifawG}
]uJ . . . xrif;auR;uGm}
[k uRefawmfuyg 0ifajymonf/
]'Dtcsdef b,fuxrif; &SdrvJuG? rSef;prf;}
uRefawmfhvufywfem&Dukd MunfNh yD; . . .
]av;em&D ausmfNyDqkdawmh w½kwv f ufzuf&nfqkdif zGifhNyDyJ? uJ . . .
vufzuf&nfeJY eHjym;awmh &ygNyD}
olUpum;ESifholrkdY uRefawmfwYkdudk aumvTwfí r&EkdifrSef; odojzifh
aps;qpfvkdufjcif;jzpf\/
]r&bl;uGm? xrif;yJ pm;csifw,f}
pdk;aomif;u tjywfwif;cHaeonf/ pdefaMumifu cufwmyJ qkNd yD;
acgif;ukwfpOf;pm;aeonf/ 'Daumif tusyftwnf; awGUae&ojzifh
!
SK
uRefawmfwkdY auseyfaerd\/ RI
cPaeawmh olu . . .
N
W
][m . . . [kwfNyD? 'Dtcsdefqdk um;*dwrf Sm xrif;aMumfqkdif zGifhNyD? 'gvJ

rO
xrif;yJ r[kwfvm;uG}
ou
ty
um;*dwu f awmfawmfvSrf;onf/ okY&d mwGif olpY um;udkvnf;

ea
jiif;vkdYrjzpfEkdifojzifh avQmufMu&jyefonf/ um;*dwaf &mufawmh qmqm

ll b
wi
ESifh wpfa,muf ESpfyef;uefpDavmuf pm;ypfvdu k Mf u\/

ok
Adkufvnf; jynfhoGm;NyD/ warS;rSvnf; rtdyf&ao;/ wpfnvHk;

bo
his
vrf;csnf; avQmufcJhMuojzifh anmif;aeMuNyD/ tdrfjyefc&D;u awmfawmf

ft
a0;onf/
eo
us
odYjk zifh vrf;jyefravQmufMubJ um;pD;jyefzkdY qH;k jzwfMuonf/

ial
erc
um;*dwrf Sm &yfxm;onfU [dik f;vwftjrefum; wpfpD;ay: wufMuonf/

mm
Co
87
um;cudak r;Munfhawmh b,fpD;pD; ESpfusyf[k py,f,mu ajymonf/
yHkrSeftwkdif;qkdvQif jym;ig;q,fc&D;? NrdKUxJxpd D;rS wpfusyf/ xkYdaMumifh
pdefaMumifu . . .
][m . . . vGefvGef;vScsnfvm;? av;a,mufvmayvkYdyJ?
wpfa,mufwnf;om vm&if ½dkufvrk vm; rodbl;}
]tcsdefukvd nf; MunfhOD;av? ckrS ig;em&Domom &Sdao;w,f? olrsm;
awG apmifNcHKxJauG;NyD; tdyfaumif;wkef;tcsdef csrf;csrf;pD;pD;eJY xqGJ&wm?
0D&d,tusdK;av;awmh cHpm;&OD;rSayghAs? [J [J}
py,f,mu &dww d dajymonf/
]wpfusyfqdk awmfa&mayghAsm}
]r&ygbl;? wpfusyfr[kwfb;l ? ig;rl;eJYawmif &w,f? aemufem&D0uf
avmuf apmifhvkdufav}
]tif; . . . xm;ygawmhav}
pdefaMumifu tavQmhay;vku d fonf/ um;ay:rSm uRefawmfwdUk
av;a,mufom &Sdao;onf/ xkYdaMumifh rxGufao;bJ vlapmifhae\/
pdefaMumifu . . .
]rxGufao;bl;vm;}
!
SK
]xGufrSmyg?ig;a,muf&&if xGufrSmyJ} RI
py,f,mu rxdwxd jyefajymonf/
N
W
]aumif;NyDav? 'gayr,fh cke armif&if ajymxm;w,faemf? em&D0uf

rO
MumvkdYrS rxGu&f ifawmh ig;rl;yJ &r,f}

ou
ty
]pdwcf syg? ESpfq,fhig;rdepfMum&if xGufrSmyg}

ea
pdefaMumifESifh py,f,m jidaeMuNyDjzpf\/ pdwq f wfaom pkd;aomif;u

ll b
wi
'Daumif udkifvdu k f&if aumif;r,f[k ajymonf/ arSmq f &muawmh . . .

ok
]aeygapuGm? aemufvlwpfa,muf vmvkYd um;xGufawmhr,fqkdrS

bo
his
igwkdYrvku d fawmhb;l qkdNyD; qif;aecJhr,f}

ft
uRefawmfu pdefaMumifhtaMumif; odojzifh 'Daumif bmvkyfrvJ

eo
us
apmifhMunfah eonf/ olYtusifhu ckvkd ausmawmawm vkyfvmNyDqkdvQif

ial
erc
wpfenf;enf;ESifh ynmjyefjywwfonf/
mm
Co
88
ceaeawmh um;'½kdifbm a&SUcef;rS xGufNyD; aemufbufavQmuf
vmonf/
]a[haumif? ighurG f;bl; arhusefcJhNyDu?G igvacG;wJhrSyJ? *dwu f
uGrf;,mqkdifuvJ 'DaeYrS bmjzpfvdYk aemufusaerSef; rodbl;? cHwiG f;
csOfvduk wf m? awmuf . . .}
uGrf;bl; aqmifxm;wwfol jzpfaomaMumifh uGrf;rpm;& raeEkdifol
jzpfwm aocsmonf/ pdefaMumifhrsufESm NyHK;pp jzpfoGm;\/ olvnf;
uGrf;orm; wpfa,mufyJ? pdefaMumifonf ol\uGrf;bl;udk zGifhvkduf\/
pepfwus pDxnfhxm;aom uGrf;,mawGxJrS wpf,mudk,lNyD; yg;apmifxJ
xnf0h g;vkdufonf/ '½kdifbmonf pdefaMumif\ ausmbufuyfvsuf
um;abmf'Dudk rSDaejcif;jzpfí uGrf;eHYudk &oGm;onf/ pdefaMumifhudk qwfceJ
MunfNh yD; . . .
][m . . . arT;vkdufwm}
[k ajym\/ pdefaMumifu . . .
]arT;wmayghAs? tdEd´,zmvmeJYyJ[m}
qkNd yD; uGrf;wHawG;wpfcsuf ypfceJ axG;vdkuo f nf/ aq;vdyform;wkdY
wu,f aq;jywfNyDqdv k Qif olrsm;aomufvufp aq;vdyfwdyk Jjzpfjzpf
r½GHr&Sm awmif;aomufovkd uGrf;orm;onfvnf; uGrf;jywfvQif raeEkdif/
!
SK
'½kdifbmonf £ajE´rqnfEkdifbJ . . . RI
]at;Asm? awmfawmfaumif;wJh uGrf;,myJ xifw,f? wpf,mavmuf
N
W
rQygvm;Asm? usoavmuf ay;yghr,f}

rO
]&ygw,f}
ou
ty
pdefaMumifu uGrf;wpf,m xkwfvdu k of nf/ '½kdifbmu vSrf;,lzkdY

ea
vufawmifjyifaeNyD/ xkdtcsdefwiG f pdefaMumifu . . .

ll b
wi
]wpfckawmh &Sdw,fAsm? wpf,m ESpfusyfawmh ay;&r,faemf}

ok
][mAsm . . . raemufygeJY}
bo
his
]aemufwm r[kwfb;l ? wu,fajymwm? 'DuGrf;,mu ES,fES,&f &

ft
r[kwfb;l ? raeYnuwnf;u vrf; 30 u 0,fNyD; wpfnvH;k ESyfxm;wm?

eo
us
wpfusyfzkd; oH;k ,myJ &w,f? uRefawmfu wul;wu xdef;odrf;xm;&wm?

ial
erc
0D&d,tusdK;awmh cHpm;&OD;rSaygh}
mm
Co
89
pdefaMumifu olYtuGufxJ 0ifvmojzifh jyefynmjyaejcif;jzpf\/
um;py,f,mu rsufapmif;wcJcJ &Sdaeonf/
xdt k csdefu uGrf;wpf,m q,fhig;jym;om ay;&onf/ tdEd´,zmvmeJYrS
oH;k q,fhig;jym;/ 'gudk pdefaMumifu ESpfusyfawmif;ojzifh '½kdifbm rcHcsd
rcHom jzpfoGm;onf/ xkdYtwl wpfnvHk; ESyfxm;onfh py,f&S,f
uGrf;,mudkvnf; tmomirf;irf;jzpfaerSef; odom\/
]cifAsm; tjrwfwifveG f;w,f}
[k atmifhoufouf avoHjzifh ajymonf/
]'guawmhAsm? cifAsm;wkYdum;awmif ig;rl;vrf;udk ESpfusyf awmif;
ao;wmyJ}
[k pdefaMumifu uGrf;orm;wkYdajymovkd yvkwfyavmif; avoHESifh
ajymNyD; EIwcf rf;axmifhrSm oD;vmaom uGrf;aoG;udk vufcHkeJYwkdYNyD;
okwfvdu k af omtcg '½kdifbm raeEkdifawmhbJ . . .
]ay;Asm? uGrf;wpf,m? a[haumif . . ESpfusyf ay;vkdupf rf;? jrefjref}
[k olpY y,f,mudk ajymvkduf\/ py,f,mu pdefaMumifhvufxJokdY
aiGESpfusyfudk cyfaqmifhaqmifh xkd;xnfah y;onf/
]uRefawmf odyftjrwfrpm;ygbl;Asm? wpf,m wpfusyfyJ ,lygawmh
r,f? a&mh a&mh ESpf,m ,lvkduf}
!
SK
'½kdifbmudk uGrf;ESpf,m ay;NyD;aemuf py,f,m bufokdYvSnhí RI f
uGrf;bl;udk xkd;ay;NyD; . . .
N
W
]pm;ygOD;vm;}
rO
[k NyHK;/pyfpyf ajymaejyef\/ py,f,mu rsufaxmifheDBuD;ESifh

ou
ty
wpfcsufMunfhNyD; acgif;cgjyavonf/
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
90
tcef; ( 10 )
pdefaMumifhyHkESdyfwdu
k u
f awmfawmf tvkyfrsm;vmonf/ olYtaejzifh
pufcsnf;yJ ½kdufaevkYdrjzpfawmh/ tjyifxu G fNyD; tquftoG,&f SmzkdY wjcm;
udpöawGoGm;zkdY vkv d monf/ xkYdaMumifh puform;wpfa,muf iSm;&onf/
puform;u aeYbuf½kdufonf/ pdefaMumifu nbuf½kdufonf/
pmpDcHkukd ydkrkdjynfph Hkatmif jznfhwif;&onf/ t&ifuvkd r*Fvmaqmif
zdwpf mavmuf pDjzpf½HkESifh tvkyfvyk fvkdY r&awmh/ pmpDorm;wpfa,muf
udvk nf; iSm;&jyefonf/
!
SK
þae&mwGif pdefaMumif\ ÓPfomG ;yHkudk odvdu k &f jyefonf/ olu
RI
puform;ESifh pmpDorm;wkYdudk wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf rwnfhonfh
N
W
vlESpfa,mufukd iSm;vkdufonf/ bmaMumifh 'DdvkdvkyfwmvJ ar;awmh . . .

rO
]rif; pOf;pm;MunfhavuGm? pufq&m puúLwpfxyfavmuf tvpfrSm

ou
ty
,lNyD; tusÐMum;xJ vdyfxnfhoGm;vkdY&w,f/ pmpDorm;uvJ cJpmvHk;

ea
vufwpfqyk fpmavmuf ykqk;d cg;yHkpxJ 0Su, f loGm;&if bmrS rwwfEkdifb;l ?

ll b
wi
wpfaeY enf;enf;eJY Mumawmh xdvma&maygh . . .

ok
rwnfhwJh vlESpfa,mufudk cefYxm;vku d fawmh olwkdY[m wpfa,muf

bo
his
udkwpfa,muf tjrJwrf; tjypf&SmzkdY tuGufacsmif;aer,f? 'Dawmh

ft
wpfa,mufa,mufu r[kwfwm rvkyf&Jawmhb;l aygh? olwkdY tcsif;csif;

eo
us
jyefapmifhMunfcdkif;xm;ovkd jzpfomG ;wmaygh? EkdYrkdUqkd ESpfa,mufaygif; ighudk

ial
erc
mm
Co
91
aqmfomG ;rSm? igwkdYuvJ tjrJ apmifhMunfhaeEkdifwm r[kwfb;l ? ckawmh
olwkdYp&dwfeJY olwdYk jyefNyD; apmifhckdif;vkdufwmyJav}
uRefawmfonf rif;uawmhuGm? wu,fyJ [líom ajymEkdifawmhonf/
olonf tvkyfawmfawmfrsm;onf/ yHkESdyfpufomrum rEÅav;udk
puúL? yHkESdyfpufrif ykdYonfhtvkyfudkvnf; qufvkyfaeao;onf/ t&ifu
vkad wmh tcsdefjynfh ay;p&mrvkdawmh/ udkacgif;BuD;ESifh vTJxm;vkdY&onf/
xktd vkyfrSm olu aiGpdkuf? udak cgif;BuD;u vlpdkufNyD; tjrwfudk
cGJ,lMujcif;jzpf\/ udak cgif;BuD;taejzifh pdefaMumihftay: vlvnfusvkdY
r&/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf pdefaMumifonf udak cgif;BuD;qDrSm wynfhcHNyD;
ynmoif,cl Jhjcif;jzpfojzifh udak cgif;BuD;taMumif; aemausatmif odae
aomaMumifhyif/
wpfcgwpfav enf;enf; tBuHtzefvyk fcsif vkyfrnf/ udpör&Sd/
udak cgif;BuD;ESifhwGJojzifh olt Y zkdY trsm;BuD; tusdK;&Sdonf/ NyD;awmh
udak cgif;BuD;vkd vlrsdK;udk jyefcdkif;Ekdifaom tqifhudk a&mufvmojzifh puúL
yGJpm;avmurSm pdefaMumifhtaejzifh MoZmvTrf;rkd;rI &SdEkdifonf/ ukkad cgif;BuD;
onf olYatmifjrifrI\ jy,k*fwpfckvnf; jzpfavonf/
ol0Y ifaiGu aumif;vmonf/ tdrfjyifaqmufEkdifvmonf/ wJBuD;udk
zsufNyD; oyf&yfaom oGyfrkd;ysOfaxmiftdrf jzpfvmonf/ olonf t&ifvdk
!
SK
pkwpf kwEf kwEf kwf raeawmh/ t0wftpm; om;om;em;em; jzpfvm\/ RI
tawmftwef 0NzdK;vmNyD; tom;vnf; t&ifavmuf rrnf;awmh/
N
W
olrY Sm rajymif;vJwmawmh &Sdonf/ rsufESmay:u 0ufNcHrsm;yif

rO
jzpfavonf/ pum;ajym&if; 0ufNcHawGudk ukwfzJhvkduf ñSpfvdu k f vkyfae

ou
ty
wwfonfh tusifhuvnf; raysmufao;/

ea
]rif;rsufESmay:u 0ufNcHawG aysmufuek fwhJaeY[m rif;eJY igwkdYeJU

ll b
wi
vrf;cGJ&wJhaeY jzpfaumif; jzpfvmEkdifw,f}

ok
[k uRefawmf olYudk ajymzl;onf/

bo
his
pD;yGm;a&;vkyf&mrSm atmifjrifvmonfh tcsufwpfcsufu jzpfay:vm

ft
onfh tajctaeay: rlwnfí tcGifhta&; zefw;D wwfrIvnf; wpfaMumif;

eo
us
yg0if\/ olonf BuHK&mus&mae&mrSm tvkyfjzpfatmif BuHwwfzefwwf

ial
erc
\/
mm
Co
92
wpf&ufwGif olYqD tvkyftyfaeaom puf½HkcGJrSL;u olu Y dkajymonf/
]ukpd defaMumifhqDrSm tultnDwpfck awmif;&OD;r,fAsm? uRefawmfwdYk
puf½HktwGuf yHkpHawG½kdufzkdY puúLygrpf usNyDAs? ta&mif;qkdif *dka'gifu
oH;k &uftwGif; vmxkwfygvkYd ajymaew,f? ajcmufvpm wpfcgwnf;
xkwf&rSmqkdawmh txkyf wpf&mhig;q,favmuf &Sdr,f? jyóemu
uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm tJ'DpuúLxkyfawG xm;zkdYae&m r&Sdbl;? 'Dawmh
ukpd defaMumifu puúLxkyfawGudk xdef;odrf;xm;ay;zkdYygyJ? wpfvpmavmufyJ
½kduf½kdufNyD; ykdYay;&if tqifajyr,f}
puúeyfY kdif;twGif;rSm pdefaMumif pdwx f Ju wGucf sufNyD;oGm;onf/
okY&d mwGif twefMumatmif pOf;pm;ovkd vkyfaeonf/ rsufESmxm;u
tifwifwif yHkpHrsdK;/ NyD;awmh . . .
]odwJhtwkdif;yJav? uRefawmfhtdru f vJ odyfae&m&Sdwm r[kwfb;l ?
tawmfawmh uoDvifw Ekdifr,f? tif;av . . . 'Davmuf cifrifaeMuwJh
vl&if;awG qkdawmhvJ rjzpfjzpfatmif BudK;pm;vkyfay;&rSmaygh}
]aus;Zl;ygyJAsm? uRefawmfhrSm 'Dupd ö awmfawmfacgif;ylaewm? ckrSyJ
ayghoGm;awmhw,f? uJ . . vmAsm? vufzuf&nf aomufoGm;OD;}
][m . . . aeygap}
]r&bl;av? cifAsm;u 'Davmuf tcuftcJMum;u ulnD&wm?
!
SK
vufzuf&nfav;rS rwku d f&&if b,fjzpfrvJ} RI
pdefaMumifonf tm;emyg;emESifh vufzuf&nfwpfcGuf aomufcJh&
N
W
onf/ wu,fawmh xku d dpöonf olYtwGuf bmrS jyóemr&Sd/ xdrk Qru

rO
olt Y zkdY jrufjrufuav; pm;&rnfh tuGufwpfuu G fudk cvkwfwdu k rf djcif;

ou
ty
rQom jzpfavonf/
ea
puúLtxkyf wpf&mhig;q,f teufrS wpfvpm txkyfESpfq,fom

ll b
wi
csefxm;NyD; usefwpf&mhok;H q,fudk puúLqkdifawGukd ydkYvkdufonf/ wpfxyk f

ok
ESpf&mhig;q,fEIef;jzifh aiGoHk;aomif;ausmf &onf/ xkdaiGum; twk;d rJh

bo
his
acs;cGifh&onfh aiGyifjzpfavonf/ xkad iGjzifh ypönf;awGaumufNyD;

ft
rEÅav;udk yHkrSefxufykdNyD; ykdYEkdifcJhonf/ xktd wGuf tjrwfvnf; &ao;

eo
us
onf/
ial
erc
xkYtd jyif . . .
mm
Co
93
ola&mif;xkwo f nfhtcsdefwGif puúLaps;u tjrifhqHk;okdY xkd;wufaecsdef
jzpf\/ rMumcif aps;awG jyefusrnfjzpfaMumif; udak cgif;BuD;xHrS
pdefaMumif odcJhNyD;om;/ xkYdaMumifhom aps;aumif;wkef; xkwfypfvdu k jf cif;
jzpf\/
yxrvtwGuf csefxm;onfh puúLESifh yHkpHrsm; ½kdufonf/ puúLrsm;udk
wpfvpm jyefjyef0,fNyD; xyfjznfo h Gm;rnf/ olYtwGuf ajcmufv tcsdef&
onf/
'kw, d vtwGuf puúLtxkyfESpfq,f 0,faomtcg aps;u wpfq,f
usoGm;NyD/ xkYdaMumifh olYtwGuf ESpf&musefonf/ wwd,vusawmh
ESpfq,favmuf usoGm;ojzifh av;&m ykdxGuv f monf/ pwkw¬vum;
bwf*sufydwfcgeD;jzpfí *dka'gifcgaomv jzpf\/ ukefoG,fa&;rS puúLawG
AHk;aygvatm xkwfay;wwfonf/ xkt d csdefwiG f puúLaps;awG xk;d usoGm;
wwfaMumif; pdefaMumif csdefuu kd f wGufcsufxm;NyD;om;/
yHkpH½kdufonfh puúLxkyfaps;EIef;rSm wpfxkyfESpf&mom &Sdawmhonf/
ola&mif;wkef;u ESpf&mhig;q,f? jyef0,fxnfhawmh ESpf&m? wpfxyk fvQif
ig;q,fjrwfojzifh usefaom txkyfukd;q,ftwGuf aiG av;axmifhig;&m
olt Y wGuf udkufomG ;avawmhonf/
olonf xkt d jrwfaiGrsm;udk tvum;rxm;/ puúLxkyfawG 0,fNyD;
!
SK
avSmifxm;onf/ xku d o
Jh Ykd tcsdefrsdK;qkdvQif ukefo, G fa&;rS twGpJ epfESifh
RI
a&mif;wwfonf/
N
W
yHkESdyfpufrsm; vkyfief;&Sifrsm;twGuf xkwfay;xm;aom ukef0,fpmtkyf

rO
wpftkyv f Qif twfayygu b,fESpfxyk f? ppfawmif;u b,fESpfxyk f? rifu

ou
ty
b,fESpfb;l ponfjzifh wGJa&mif;onf/

ea
xko d lrsm;uvnf; ypön;f awG xkwfNyD;vQif aiGay:atmif jyefa&mif;

ll b
wi
xkwf&onf/ tcsdKUtoH;k enf;aeonfh ypön;f qkdvQif ta&mif;xkdif;ojzifh

ok
rl&if;aps;xufyif avQmhNyD; t½IH;cH a&mif;&onf/

bo
his
'Dvdyk pönf;rsdK;ukd pdefaMumifu aumufxm;wwf\/ oBuFefveG fvQif

ft
aps;tenf;i,f jyefwufvmwwfonf/
eo
us
pdefaMumifu ukad cgif;BuD;ESifh wkid fyifNyD; aps;tusqHk;jzpfaeaom

ial
erc
umuDac: puúLtndKawG 0,fxm;vku d fonf/

mm
Co
94
xkwfaps;xufawmif q,fh&Spfusyfavmuf oufomonf/ aps;jyef
rwufvnf; udpör&Sd/ olYqDrSm aq;vdyfxyk fwHqyd f½kdufvQif xnfhoHk;vkdY
&onf/ xkwfaps;twkid f;ESihf ay;vQif tvkyftyfolu aus;Zl;awmif wifOD;
rnf/
olu tvkyfvyk f&mrSm ajcvSrf;usJonf/ tvkyftwGuf tquf
toG,w f pfck&vQif 'gavmufESifh rauseyf/ xkt d quftoG,u f dk
taMumif;jyKNyD; qufEG,yf wfoufaeaom wjcm;tvkyfawGudkyg &atmif
vkyfonf/
tckvnf; puf½HkrS Z,m;awG wHqdyfawG ½kdufae&½HkavmufESihf
rauseyf/ xkdpuf½HkESifh qufpyfaeaom ½Hk;Xmeudkyg 0ifonf/ xkd½Hk;Xmeudk
trSDjyKNyD; tjcm;puf½HkwpfckESifh qufoG,zf kdY BudK;pm;jyefonf/
wpf&ufwGif uRefawmfhtazonf ½Hk;Xmewpfco k Ykd a&mufoGm;onf/
tvkyftwGuf ypön;f wpfck oGm;avQmufjcif;jzpf\/ pdefaMumifuvnf;
xk½d Hk;rSm a&mufae\/
olonf tazhukjd rifaomtcg tl,m;zm;,m; ajy;EIwq f ufonf/
]tb b,fvmwmvJ}
qkNd yD; uRefawmfholi,fcsif;jzpfaMumif; olu Y ,
kd fol rdwq f ufNyD;aemuf .
..
!
SK
]bmudpö&SdvkdYvJ tb} RI
]at;uGm . . . ½kyf&Sif½kduf&mrSm oH;k zkdY ypönf;av;wpfck vkdaevkYd? tJ'g
N
W
ta&mif;qkdifu 'DXmeu refae*smqDu a&mif;rdefY oGm;awmif;yg qkv d Ykd

rO
vmavQmufwm}
ou
ty
][kwfvm; . . . vm . . vm . . tb? uRefawmf vkdufydkYay;r,f}

ea
refae*sm\ tcef;tayguf0ESifh uyfvsuf tjyifbufwGif pm;yGJ

ll b
wi
wpfvk;H &S\ d / rsufESmxm;cyfwif;wif;ESifh 0efxrf;wpfa,muf xkid faeonf/

ok
refae*sm\ vufpGJawmf vufaxmufyifjzpf\/

bo
his
olu cGifhjyKrS refae*smtcef;xJ 0ifcGifh&rnfjzpf\/

ft
pdefaMumifu cyfwnfwnfESifh . . .
eo
us
]q&mBuD;u refae*smeJY awGUcsifvdYw k Jh}

ial
erc
mm
Co
95
[k uRefawmfhtazudk nTefjy&if;ajymonf/ pm;yGJrSmxkdifaeonfhvl
armfMunfo h nf/ tazhukd od[efwl\/ acgif;ndwjf yonf/ pdefaMumifu
vm . . . tb qkNd yD; tcef;xJ ac:oGm;\/
tazhukd refae*smESifh rdwfqufay;onf/ refae*smu . . .
]q&mhudk uRefawmfodygw,f? wyfxu J jrwfudkudk pmtkyfeJY uRefawmf
q,fwef;atmifcJhwmaygh}
[k ajym\/ 1950 ckESpfausmfausmfu taza&;onfh wyfxu J
jrwfudkudk trnf&Sd pmtkyfrSm pmayAdrmefqk&NyD; ausmif;oHk;tjzpf
jyXmef;cH&jcif;udk &nf½G,jf cif;jzpf\/
]q&mh0w¬KawG tm;vH;k vkdvdk zwfzl;ygw,f? q&mhZmwfum;awGvJ
BudKufw,f}
[k av;av;pm;pm; ajymonf/ tazvkcd sifaom ypön;f udkvnf;
0,fcGifhjyKvkduo f nf/ pdefaMumifu avQmufvTmyHkpH oGm;0,fay;jcif;?
yHkpHjznfah y;jcif;? ta&mif;XmerSm wHqdyf½kdufjcif; ponfh udpötm;vHk;
vku d fvkyfay;\/
xkt d aMumif;udk tazu uRefawmfhudk jyefajymjyonf/
]taz ypön;f oGm;avQmufawmh rif;oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufeJY awGUw,f
uG? emrnfu xl;xl;qef;qef;yJ aeygOD;uGm . . . aMumifzm; qkdvm;}
!
SK
]pdefaMumifyg taz&} RI
]at; . . . [kwfw,fu?G 'Daumifav; tawmfcsufcsufcsmcsm
N
W
&Sdw,fuG? tptqHk; olyJ vkyfay;oGm;wmyJ? ypön;f xkwfwq Jh D txdawmif

rO
vku d fvmNyD; aiGoGif;wma&m? ypön;f xkwfNyD; um;ay:xd vku d fwifay;wm

ou
ty
a&m vkyfay;vkduw f ,fuG}

ea
tazu aus;Zl;wifaMumif; pdefaMumifhudk uRefawmf ajymjyaomtcg

ll b
wi
olu &,fí . . .
ok
]iguawmif rif;wkYt d azudk jyefaus;Zl;wif&OD;rSm}

bo
his
]bmjzpfvdYv k J}
ft
]'Dvdu k ?G ig tJ'Drefae*smeJY 0ifawGUzkdY BudK;pm;aewm MumNyD?

eo
us
ratmifjrifbl;? tcef;ayguf0u pma&;uvJ awmfawmf vufaygufuyf

ial
erc
mm
Co
96
wmuG? b,fvdck sOf;uyf pnf;½Hk;vkrdY S r&bl;? txJudk 0ifcGifhray;bl;?
tJ'DaeYu tqifrajy&if tdrfudk oGm;awGUzkYad wmif pdwu f l;xm;wm . . .
uHaumif;csifawmh rif;wkdUtazu a&mufvmwmyJ? tbk;d BuD;usawmh
pma&;u odaevkdY 0ifcGifhjyKvku d fawmh igyg 0ifcGifh&oGm;wmaygh? txJ
a&mufawmhvJ refae*smu rif;tazudk av;av;pm;pm; qufqw H ,f?
rif;tazu em;av;awmh igyJ Mum;xJu pum;jyef vkyfay;&ao;w,f}
]aeprf;ygOD;? igwkdYtazeJY rif;udpöeJY b,fvkdywfoufvkdYvJ}
]'Dvdak v? igu refae*sm tcef;xJukd rif;tazeJY twlwl 0ifomG ;wm
tm;vH;k u jrifw,f? rif;tazusawmh olYy&dowfawGu av;pm;cspfcifMu
NyD;om;ud;k ? aemufwpfcg igoGm;wJt h cgusawmh rif;tazrsufESmeJY ighudk
a&Sma&Sm&SL&SL 0ifcGifhjyKvdkufwmaygh? refae*smuvJ rif;wkYt d azeJY twlwl
vmzl;wmudk odaeawmh ighudpö tqifajyatmif vkyfay;vkdufwmaygh}
]MunfUprf; . . . rif;u ightbk;d BuD;udk ulnD&if; rif;twGuyf g
tuGux f GifomG ;wmudk;? awmfawmfqd;k wJah umif? vlBuD;awmif rae&bl;}
]rif; bkdk;awmfukdawmh jyefrajymygeJUuGm? em;&if;tkyf cHae&ygOD;r,f}
qkNd yD; pyfNzJNzJ vkyf&if; . . .
]tJ'DaeYuuGm . . . rif;wkUd tazu ighudk aus;Zl;wifvdYk qkNd yD;
vufzuf&nfqkdif twif;qGJac:oGm;vkdY tm;emyg;emeJY vufzuf&nfeJY
!
SK
qdwfom;rkefYeJY pm;vku d faomufvkduf&ao;w,f? vlBuD;u auR;wmqkad wmh RI
rpm;&if pdwq f ;kd rSmvnf; aMumuf&ao;w,f r[kwfvm;uG? [J . . . [J }
N
W
ig . . [k tpcsDNyD; uRefawmf qJypfvdu k frd\/

rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
97
tcef; ( 11 )
ypön;f wpfck 0,fcsifaomtcg pdefaMumifESifhtwlwl oGm;0,fvQif

ypön;f rSef aps;rSef &wwfonf/ olonf ypön;f tawmfrsm;rsm;\ aps;EIef;
rsm;udk odaewwf\/ b,fvv dk kyf odaewmvJ ar;awmh . . .
]'g igh0goemyJu?G oGm;&if;vm&if; pHkprf;Munfx h m;wm}
]awGUorQqkid fawG r0,fbJ aps;awG avQmufar;awmh rif;udk
a[mufvTwrf Smaygh}
!
SK
]tukefawmh b,favQmufar;rvJuGm? rsm;aomtm;jzifh wpfcGef;qkdif RI
awG 0ifMunfhvdu k &f if odwmyJ}
N
W
]at;uG? wpfcGef;qkdifawmh igoabmusw,f? igu aps;qpfwwfwm

rO
r[kwfb;l uG}
ou
ty
]rif;u wpfcGef;qkid fwkdif; aps;oufomw,f xifvdYkvm;? wpfcGef;qkdif

ea
vkYd qkid f;bkwfwyfvkduw f meJU aps;rSefrSmyJvdYk vlawGu ,HMk unfwmudk

ll b
wi
tcGifhaumif;,lNyD; &dww f wfMuw,fuG? wcsdKUqkdifawGqkd ykdqkd;w,f? rif;udk

ok
ig vufawGUjyr,f? vm}
bo
his
qkNd yd; vufzuf&nfqkdifrS xí teD;tem;&Sd ukefya'omqkid f wpfqdkif

ft
okYd ac:oGm;onf/ qkdifxaJ &mufvQif ukefrsdK;pHk tao;trTm;aumifwm

eo
us
a&SU&yfí
ial
erc
][drk SmMunfh? *ufpfrD;jcpf b,favmufvkdY pmuyfxm;vJ}

mm
Co
98
]ud;k usyfcGJav? 'g oufomwmaygh? tjyifrSm q,fhESpfusyfavmuf
ajymNyD; wpfq,favmufeJY a&mif;wmyJ? 'Davmufawmh igodygw,fuG}
]at; . . . [kwfNyD? 'gqkd igxyfjyr,f}
yef;uefcGuaf ,mufrsm;? zefcGufrsm;? "mwfb;l rsm; xm;aom ae&mokdY
ac:oGm;jyefonf/
][drk SmMunfh . . . tcsdKyef;uefvk;H wpfpHk b,favmufwJhvJ}
]wpf&mhESpfq,f}
]tJ'grsdK; v[mjyifaps;rSm oGm;0,f&if wpf&mavmufeJU &Ekdifw,f}
qkid fjyif jyefxuG fvmNyD;aemuf olu quf&Sif;jyonf/
]awGUvm;? vlodrsm;wJhypönf; tao;tzGJav;awGudk ig;rl;wpfusyf
avmuf aps;avQmhxm;wwfw,f? 'grsdK;avmufuawmh vlawmfawmf
rsm;rsm;u aps;odaeMuwmud;k ? 'Dawmh bmjzpfvmovJ qk&d if 'Dqdik fu
ypön;f qkd&if aps;rSefw,fqdkNyD; pdwcf svufcs0,fMua&m? olwkdYu wpfq,f
ESpfq,fwef ypön;f udk wpfusyfavmuf avQmha&mif;NyD; wpf&mESpf&mwef
usrS aumif;aumif;aps;wifNyD; &dwaf wmhwmud;k . . .
qkid fwdik f;u 'grsdK; vkyfwmawmh r[kwfbl;ayghumG ? wpfcsdKUqkid fawG
usawmh zGifhumprSm aps;avQmha&mif;NyD; vlodrsm;vmawmhrS wjznf;jznf;
aps;jr§ih,
f w l wfw,f? wpfcsdKUusawmh rqkd;ygbl;? aps;odyfroufom
!
SK
ayr,fh ypön;f tppftrSefudkyJ a&mif;w,f? 'Dvkdqdik frsdK;uawmh a&&Snu RI f dk
MunfNh yD; rSefrSefuefuefvyk fwmrkdY csD;usL;&rSmayghuGm}
N
W
wpfcgwpfav olESifh wlwloGm;&if; ypön;f wpfck 0,fonfhtcg

rO
olaps;qpfyku H kd od&onf/ Oyrm ypönf;wpfckckukd aps;ar;vkduv f kdU

ou
ty
ESpfq,f[k qkdvQif ajymaeusyHkpHrsdK;jzpfaom . . .

ea
]rsm;ygw,f . . . avQmhygOD;}
ll b
wi
odYwk nf;r[kwf
ok
]q,fhig;usyf r&bl;vm;}
bo
his
ponfjzifh ajymavhr&Sd/
ft
]Mumw,fAsm? aemufqHk;a&mif;EkdifwhJ aps;om wpfcgwnf;ajym}

eo
us
[k qkw d wfonf/ NyD;awmhrS aps;onf\ wHkYjyefyHkudk tuJcwfonf/

ial
erc
bmyJjzpfjzpf 'DvdkajymvkdufvQif aps;onfrsm; awGa0oGm;wwfonf[k

mm
Co
99
qk\ d / aemufqk;H aps;ajym qkad wmh rsm;oGm;vQif r0,fbJaerSmvnf;
pdk;onf/ aps;onfyDyD &wwforQvnf; ykdvkdcsifonf/
csDwcHk swHk jzpfae[efukdMunfhNyD; pdefaMumifu 'Daps;onf b,fvdk
tpm;vJ qH;k jzwfonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh uawmh a&mif;Ekdifonfhaps;xuf
enf;enf;om ykdajymwwfMuonf/ xkt d cgusrS pdefaMumifu wpfusyf
avQmhOD;? ESpfusyfavQmhOD; ajymonf/ 'DvkdESihf aps;rSef&atmif qpf,o l nfh
enf;udk olu oifay;zl;\/
uRefawmfwkdY oli,fcsif;tkyfpkwiG f pdefaMumifu aiGaMu;tiftm;
tawmifhwif;qHk;jzpf\/ uRefawmftygt0if usefolrsm;rSm 0ifaiG rqk;d vS
onfw h ikd f &Sd&if&Sdovkd oH;k ojzifh rMumcPqko d vkd aiGaMu;jywfvwfwwf
Mu\/ xkdtcg tcsif;csif;vSnhfqNGJ yD; oH;k &onf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh
pdefaMumifhqDu acs;&onf/
olq Y DrSm ykdufqHacs;vQif b,fawmhrS vG,fv, G fululr&/ trsdK;rsdK;
jrnfwGefNyD;rS aqmifhBuD;atmihfBuD; ay;avh&Sd\/ jyefqyfonfhtcgusvQif
vnf; taumif;rajym/
]Mo ta<u;vmqyfwmvm;? igu pacs;uwnf;u qH;k NyDvdkY
wGufxm;wm? ckvkdqkdawmh ausmufcJa&ay:wmaygh}
[k emomcHcufjzpfatmif ajymwwf\/ 'Dvdk ajymzefrsm;vmawmh
!
SK
wcsdKUoli,fcsif;awGu 'Daumif vlyg;0w,fqdNk yD; aemuf olYqDu RI
ykdufqrH acs;awmh/ pdefaMumifuvnf; 'Dvdjk zpfatmif wrifajymwmyJ
N
W
jzpfrnf[k uRefawmf wGux f m;\/

rO
wpfcgawmh uRefawmfhrSm ykdufqHjywfoGm;onf/ ta&;wBuD; oH;k p&m

ou
ty
vnf; &Sdaeojzifh pdefaMumifhqD oGm;acs;onf/

ea
]ighukd ydkufqHig;q,favmuf acs;prf;yguGm}

ll b
wi
]tif; . . tJh'gajymwmayghuGm? rif;wkdYaumifawGu ykdufqHav;&&if

ok
oH;k zkdY jzKef;zkdYavmufyJ pOf;pm;aew,f? acRacRwmwmeJY pkaqmif;zkdY pdwrf ul;

bo
his
bl;? 'Dvdt k csdK;rsdK;awGeJY cufao;w,f}

ft
ponfjzifh qHk;rpum;awGESifh av&Snfaeonf/ uRefawmfuvnf;

eo
us
tcsdefoyd fr&ojzifh . . .
ial
erc
]ay;rSm ay;prf;uGm? rdefYcGef;awG acRraeeJY? tcsdefr&Sdbl;}

mm
Co
100
]tHr,f . . . rif;u ykduq f Hrsm; ighyHkESdyfpufuae ½kdufxw k faew,frsm;
rSwaf evm;? ykdufqH&Sm&wm b,favmufcufovJ? ykdufqw H pfjym;ukd
acR;wpfpufEIef;avmufusw,f}
uRefawmf pdwfwdv k monf/
]a[haumif ray;vJ aeuGm? odyfaomufBuD;us,f pum;awG ajym
raeeJU? rif;qDu tvum; vufjzefYawmif;wm r[kwfbl;uG? jyefay;rSm}
]ajymawmh vG,w f ,fu?G wu,fwrf;usawmh}
][m . . . awmfuGm? rif;ydkufqH r,lbl;}
uRefawmf vSnfhxGufvmcJhonf/ olu a[haumif a[haumif [k
vSrf;ac:aomfvnf; vSnhfrMunfhawmh/
naeusawmh ol uRefawmfhtdrf a&mufvmonf/
]rif; toHk;vkd&if aiGESpf&mavmuf ,lxm;ygvm;}
[k avaysmhav;ESifh vmajymonf/ uRefawmf pdwq f ;kd rSef; odojzifh
vmacsmhjcif;jzpf\/
]bmvkYd ,l&rSmvJ? ESpf&mrajymeJY? ESpfaxmifvJ r,lbl;}
]aeYvnfu igu aemufwmyguGm? rif;u pdwq f ;kd NyD; xGufomG ;wm
ud;k ? igydkufq,H lNyD; ajy;vkkdufvmao;w,f? rrDawmhvY}kd
'Dtcgusawmhvnf; olUrsufESmi,fav;ESifh jzpfaeyHkrSm oem;zkdYawmif
!
SK
aumif;onf/ uRefawmfuvnf; pdwaf jyoGm;NyD; RI
]toHk;vdkwJhtcsdef &rS jzpfrSmayghuG? ckrSawmh bmvkyfrSmvJ}
N
W
]rif; rSwx f m;uG? aemufqdk ighqDu ydkufqaH cs;&if av;ig;q,f

rO
racs;eJY? tenf;qH;k wpf&m ESpf&m acs;? igu enf;&if racs;csifbl;uG?

ou
ty
rsm;rS acs;csifwm}
ea
]odyf zifacgif; rus,feJYuGm? aemufukd rif;qDuacs;zkdY pdwfrul;ygbl;}

ll b
wi
]ig zifacgif;us,fwm r[kwfbl;? wu,fajymwm? ydkufqH enf;enf;

ok
yg;yg;qkd&if ta&;rBuD;ygbl;qkNd yD; ayghayghqq arharhavsmhavsmh aewwf

bo
his
Muw,f? 'Dvdek JY qH;k aygif;rsm;NyD? rsm;rsm;pm;pm;qkad wmh arhvdYkrjzpfb;l ?

ft
ta&;wBuD; wefzkd;xm;wwfw,f? ihgtaeeJY jyefawmif;vkdYvJ aumif;

eo
us
w,f? acs;&wmvJ xku d fxu kd fwefwef todtrSwjf yKcH&w,f? aiGav;

ial
erc
mm
Co
101
ig;q,frkdU jyefawmif;&if 'Davmuf aiGuav;rsm; wusnfusnf
awmif;w,fqNkd yD; trkef;cH&ao;w,f}
]uJuGm . . 'Dvdkqdk ykdufqH ESpf&m oH;k &m acs;NyD; jyefray;awmh
wpfcgwnf; rsm;rsm;pm;pm; qH;k a&m r[kwb f l;vm;}
]qH;k ayr,fh aemufukd vmracs;&Jawmhb;l av? udpöjywfa&maygh?
ESpfq,favmuf tpdwaf vmuf tvDvq D ;Hk ½HI;wmxuf pm&ifawmh 'gu
wGufajcudu k fw,fuG}
pdefaMumifonf r*Fvmaqmifupd öqdv k Qif [uf[ufyufyuf r&SdvS
aMumif; uRefawmfajymcJhzl;onf/ r*Fvmaqmifzdwfpm vmtyfvQif avQmh
ray;onft h jyif wwfEkdifoavmuf &dwfwwfaMumif;vnf; ajymzl;onf/
okY&d mwGif oli,fcsif;awG r*FvmaqmifrSmawmh wwfEkdiforQ ulnD
wwfonf/ yg;pyfuawmh b,fawmhrS taumif;rajym/
]r*Fvmaqmifw,fqkdwm rdef;rwpfa,muf&JU ezm;BudK; txk;d cHvdu k &f
aMumif;udk vlyHktv,frSm t&Surf &Sd aMujimwmeJY twlwlyJ? igu ema&;
udpöom ulnDcsifwmuG? r*FvmaqmifrSm ulnD&wmusawmh uRef0,f&m
tqpfygovkyd J}
xkYtd jyif ajymaumif;rSef;rod? rajymaumif;rSef;rod? eifheifho;D oD;
ajymwwfao;onf/
!
SK
]at;ayghav? rdef;r,lw,fqw kd mvJ ightjrifawmh ema&;udpöwpfck
RI
ygyJ? vlysdKb0&JU vGwfvyfaysmf½TifrI qH;k ½HI;&wm aowmeJY bmxl;vJ?
N
W
'gaMumifh igu oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf&JU psmyevkYd oabmxm;NyD;

rO
ulnDvdu k &f wmaygh}

ou
ty
uRefawmfhr*FvmaqmifrSmvnf; olawmfawmf ulncD Jhonf/ zdwpf m½dkuf

ea
&mrSm uRefawmfvkdcsifonfh yHkpH&atmif qJqJqkdqdEk Sifhyif vkyfay;onf/

ll b
wi
r*FvmaqmifonfhaeY usawmh . . .
ok
]ta&;wBuD; vkd&ifajymuG? ightdwx f JrSm aiGwpfaxmif xnfh,lvm

bo
his
w,f} [k uyfNyD; ajymonf/

ft
r*Fvmraqmifcif wpfywfavmuftvkdrSm olu igeJU cPvkdufcJhuGm

eo
us
qkNd yD; ac:onf/ NrdKUxJa&mufawmh . . .

ial
erc
]rif; bmvkdcsifvaJ jym? ig0,fay;r,f} [k qkd\/

mm
Co
102
]bmtwGuf 0,fay;&rSmvJuG}
ar;awmh . . .
]rif;udk vufzGJUzkdUav}
][m . . . vufzGJUw,fqdw k m rif;twGuf toHk;0ifcsifrS 0ifrSmayghuG}
]toHk;0ifr,fxifwm vkyfayghuGm}
][m . . . ½Iyfw,fumG ? ypön;f udk yef;puúLeJYxkyf? zJBudK;awGeJYcsnf?
aemufawmhvJ 'DpuúLawG NzJypf&wmyJ? 'gaMumifh ckwpfcgwnf;
0,fay;vkdufr,f ajym}
][m . . igu bmvufzGJUygvkYd ajymvkdY aumif;rvm;uG? rif;vkyfyHku
vJ? 'grsdK; xHk;pHr&Sdbl;}
]xH;k pHawG bmawG vkyfraeeJY? rif;vkdcsifwmajym}
]igvkdcsifwmudk uav;vkd vufñI;d xkd; jyae&rSmvm;? uJ igu
armfawmfum;wpfpD; vkdcsifw,f qk&d ifaum}
]'gawmh rif;u uwfwmyJ}
]iguaum b,fvdv k yk fajymrvJuG? igvkdcsifwmu aps;BuD;csif BuD;ae
r,f? rif;rSef;xm;wmxuf ydkae&if aumif;rvm;? [muGm . . 'Dvdk
ajymae&wmudu k raumif;awmhbl;? rif;vkyfvdu k &f if tJ'Dvckd snf;yJ}
]uJuGm . . . 'gqkdvJ ighbmom Munf0h ,fr,f}
!
SK
qkNd yD; ywfum;abmvfyif wpfacsmif; 0,fay;onf/ RI
]rif;u pma&;q&mqkdawmh 'grsdK; toHk;0ifrSmyJ} [k ajym\/
N
W
olvkyfyHkudk uRefawmfoo d nf/ abmvfyifu aps;BuD;ovkd rifacsmif;

rO
uvJ aps;BuD;onf/ wpfacsmif; tpdwaf vmuf ay;&onf/ uRefawmfhukd

ou
ty
ydkufqx H yfukefatmif wrifvkyfjcif;jzpf\/

ea
tJ'Dvdk r[kwfvm;[k olu Y dk ar;aomtcg olYyHkpHtwkdif; uGrf;aoG;

ll b
wi
aMumifh eD&Jaeaom oGm;awGNzJí &,fNyD; . . .

ok
][kwfw,fu?G rif;bmom ud, k 'fh kuu

© ,
dk f &SmNyD; rdef;r,lwJhaumifudk
bo
his
iguvJ 'Davmufawmh 'ku©xyfay;rS jzpfrSmaygh? tJ'Dabmvfyif rifukefvdYk

ft
rifacsmif;topf0,fwkdif; ykdufqHtpdwfuek fvdYk rif; ighudk qJvdrfhr,f? rif;

eo
us
rSwx f m;uG? vlawG[m uk, d fhudk ulnDzl;wJhvlxuf 'ku©ay;zl;wJhvlukd ydkNyD;

ial
erc
trSww f & &Sdwwfw,f? rif;vJ ighudk 'Dabmvfyifok;H wkdif; owd&aeatmif

mm
Co
103
vkyfvduk wf mayghuGm? tpu uifr&mwpfvk;H 0,fay;rvkdYawmif pdwu
f l;
ao;w,f? aps;BuD;vGef;vkdY r0,fjzpfwm? uifr&mqk&d ifawmh rif;
zvifzkd;eJY rGJrSmyJ}
'Daumifum; ulnDwmawmif uoduatmufjzpfatmif enf;enf;
jzpfjzpf vkyf&rS auseyfwwfoljzpfav\/
!
SK
RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
104
tcef; ( 12 )
uRefawmfhrdef;rtwGuf em&Dwpfvk;H 0,fcsifojzifh taemf&xmvrf;

wpfavQmuf&Sd em&Dqdkifrsm;odYk 0ifMunfo h nf/ pdwBf udKufawGUaom em&Dav;
awG &Sdaomfvnf; aps;uBuD;onf/ aps;oufomwmusawmhvnf; uk, d fu
rBudu/f aps;vnf;oifh? uk, d fuvnf;BudKufwm usjyefawmhvnf; pdwrf cs
&/ topfr[kwfbJ ta[mif;udk jyefoxm;jcif;jzpfae\/
aemufrS bMuL;qkad om oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf em&Dqikd f zGifhxm;
!
SK
aMumif; owd&\/ olq Y kdifukd ar;jref;pHkprf;NyD;oGm;onf/ olYqikd frSm
RI
pef;a'ghZfem&Dav; wpfvHk; 0,fjzpfomG ;onf/ yHkvnf; aumif;onf/ ½kd;½kd;
N
W
uav;ESifh vSonf/ ckdifvnf; ckdifcHhonf/ aps;uvnf; oifhawmfonf/

rO
bMuL;u vufzuf&nfwkdufojzifh xkdifaomuf&if; pum;ajymMu

ou
ty
onf/ olu . . . .
ea
]rif; pdefaMumifeJY awGUao;vm;} [k ar;onf/

ll b
wi
]awGUwwfygw,fuGm}
ok
]rif; 0,fxm;wJh em&DukdawGU&if 'Daumif &,fvdrfhr,f}

bo
his
]bmjzpfvdYv k J}
ft
]'Daumif vrf;BuHK 0if&dwo f Gm;wmayghuG}

eo
us
]oleJY em&DeJY bmqkdifvv kdY J}

ial
erc
]rif; oltY aMumif; odom;yJ? b,favmuf vnfw,f qkdwm}

mm
Co
105
]rif;eJY bmjzpfwmvJuG? ajymprf;ygOD;}
]'Dvdu
k Gm? igwkdYqikd fu qkdifrSmwifNyD; wpfvk;H csif; a&mif;wJhtjyif
0ifvmwJhem&DawGukd aumufNyD; wjcm;qkdifawGudk jyefjzefYwmvJ vkyfw,f
uG}
]rif;wku dY vufum;ayghav? 'gqkd t&rf;axmrSmaygh}
]'DavmufBuD;vJ r[kwfygbl;? oH;k av;&mwef avmufawGyJ
udik fEkdifwmyg? vGefcJhwJh wpfywfavmufuawmh tckrif;0,fwhJ em&DawGaygh?
tvHk;oHk;q,f vmoGif;wJhvl wpfa,muf a&mufvmw,f? 'Dem&DrsdK;u
t0ifenf;w,fu?G odyf ay:jyLvmrjzpfayr,fh 'grsdK;rS BudKufwJh aps;uGuf
&SdrSef;odawmh igvJ tukefcsKyfNyD; ,lcsifw,f? wpfvHk;udk oH;k &mh&Spfq,f
usw,fu}G
][if 'gqkd rif;u ighudk av;q,fih g;usyfawmif tjrwfwif
a&mif;wmaygh}
]aeygOD;uG? igajymygOD;r,f? ighrSmu tvH;k ESpfq,fpmavmufyJ
aiGu&Sdw,f? wjcm;vlawG vufxv J JzJhNyD; a&mufroGm;apcsifb;l ? wjcm;
qkid fawGu aiGcPoGm;qGJ&ifvJ olwkdYodukefrSm pkd;w,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm
pdefaMumif a&mufvmwmyJ}
bmjzpfEdkifaMumif; cefYrSef;rdaomfvnf; pum;0if raxmufbJ
!
SK
em;axmifaevku d fonf/ RI
]em&DvmoGif;wJh vleJY igeJY ajymaewmudk Mum;awmh 'Daumifu
N
W
olq,fvHk;,lr,fvkdY 0ifajymawmhwmyJ? cPav;apmifhaevkUd ajymNyD;

rO
b,fu oGm;qGJvmw,f rodbl;? aiG oH;k axmifh&Spf&m ,lvmw,f?

ou
ty
aemufNyD;awmh rif;yJ cPodrf;xm;ay;uGm qkNd yD; ighqDrSmyJ tyfomG ;w,f?

ea
iguawmh ightwGuf&xm;wJh tvH;k ESpfq,fudk av;&mhwpfq,fEIef;&vkdY

ll b
wi
jzefyY pfvduk w f ,f? em&Dav;awGuaumif;awmh t0,fvkdufw,fuG? 'Dvdek JY

ok
oH;k av;&ufaeawmh aps;wufvma&m? iguvJ av;&mhwpfq,fwek f;u

bo
his
aps;aumif;&w,fqkdNyD; tukefxw k fvkdufrdw,f? ighqkdifrSm a&mif;zkdYawmif

ft
r&Sdawmhb;l ? wpfvk;H csif; a&mif;&if av;&mhig;q,favmuf &wmud;k ?

eo
us
tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ pdefaMumifa&mufvmNyD; olYem&DawG jyef,lrvm; ar;w,f?

ial
erc
'geJY av;&mhtpdwef JY jyefqGJxm;vku d f&w,f? 'gaMumifh 'Daumifu

mm
Co
106
vrf;BuHK&if; 0if&dwo f Gm;w,fvkdY ajymwm? ol av;&mhig;q,favmuf
wpfywftwGif; pm;vku d f&w,fav? rif;udk iga&mif;wm olYqDu ,lxm;
wJh aps;&if;twkdif; a&mif;wmyguGm? rif;qDu av;q,fhig;usyfpm;wm
igr[kwfbl;uG? pdefaMumif pm;oGm;wm}
]acG;om;? 'DaumifhqDu igjyefawmif;&r,f}
]igawmh 'Daumifhudk vufzsm;cgw,fuGm? c&D;oGm;[efvJT 0ifvyk foGm;
wm b,favmuf yd&dovJvdY}k
]olu em&DtaMumif; em;rvnfbJeJYrsm;}
]enf;enf;yg;yg; odw,fuG? 'Dbufa&muf&if 'Daumif ighqikd f
0ifxdik fNyD; ig vkyfyHkudkifykaH wG Munfx h m;wm? tHr,f 'Daumifu ihgudk
jyeftcsdKowfoGm;ao;w,f? tm&au qkdNyD; aiGig;q,f jyefay;oGm;w,f}
tm&au qko d nfrSm yGJcoabmrsdK; ay;&jcif;udk qkv d okd nfh
olwakdY vmuoHk; pum;jzpf\/
pdefaMumifonf puúLqkdifteD;&Sd yGJpm;awGqDrSm aps;EIef; penf;emae
onf/ rEÅav;udk ykdYzkdY rifbl;awG vkcd sifaomaMumifh jzpf\/ aps;awGu
wufaeonf/
ck&ufydkif; olonf wjcm;tvkyfawG rsm;aeojzifh 'Dbuf ajcOD;rvSnfh
jzpf/ udak cgif;BuD;uvnf; armfvNrdKifbuf qif;oGm;ojzifh tquftoG,f
!
SK
jywfaeonf/ RI
ckyHktwkdif;qdkvQif rEÅav;ydkYvYkd wGufacsruku
d fEkdifawmh/
N
W
ol tBuHtkdufaewkef; vlESpfa,muf oleY m;a&mufvmonf/

rO
]nDav; . . . rifb;l awG vkdcsifw,f qkdovm;vkdY}

ou
ty
[k toufcyfBuD;BuD; vlu ajymonf/

ea
][kwfw,f? cifAsm;wkdYrSm &Sdovm;}

ll b
wi
]tif; . . cP vkducf JhAsm? pum;enf;enf; ajymcsifvdkY}

ok
[k pdefaMumifESifh ½G,w f lavmuf&Sdolu ajym\/ at;at;aq;aq;

bo
his
pum;ajymEkdifonfh opfyif&dyfa&mufawmh tBuD;u . . . .

ft
]uk, d fwkq
dY DrSm rifb;l ESpf&mavmuf &Sdw,f? tm;vH;k wk, d akd wGcsnf;yJ?
eo
us
aps;acsmifacsmifeJY &Ekdifw,f}
ial
erc
mm
Co
107
rifb;l awG aps;wufaecsdefrSm bmhaMumifh aps;acsmifacsmifeJU &Ekdifwm
vJ? twkawG rkdYvkdYvm; awG;onf/ [kdvluvnf; &dyfrdojzifh . . . .
]'Dvdk nDav;&? ypön;f awGu tpkd;&yHkESdyfwdu k u
f ae tBuHtzefeJY
xkwfvmwmav? 'gaMumifh odyfay:ay:xifxif vkyfvdYkraumif;bl;?
yGJpm;awG odoGm;&if owif;u jyefYoGm;rSmpkd;vkdY? ighnDuawmh wku d f½kduf
0,fr,fhvlqdkawmh EIwfvkHrSm aocsmw,fqNkd yD; wk;d wkd;wdww f dwf
usdwaf jym&wm}
]ypön;f u b,frSm xm;wmvJ}
],lr,fqkd vkdufjyrSmaygh}
]erlem rMunfh&bl;vm;}
]pdwaf wmhr&SdeJY nDav;? ud, k fwkdYbufuvnf; vHNk cHKpdwcf srI&SdrS
tvkyfjzpfrSm 'Dawmh ,lr,fqkd&if aiG,lNyD;vkduf? [kdusawmh ypön;f udk
Munf?h rBudKuf&if r,leJYaygh}
]b,faps;eJY ay;rSmvJ}
]tjyifrSm wpf&mausmf aygufaew,f r[kwfvm;? uk;d q,feJY ay;r,f?
'gayr,fh tukef,&l r,f}
'Dvduk pd örsdK;u tcefYroifhvQif jyóem wufEkdifonf/ tEÅ&m,fBuD;
onf/ okY&d mwGif aiGoHk;axmifavmuf oufomonfh tjzpfu rufarm
!
SK
p&m/ bmyJjzpfjzpf vku d foGm;Munfhrnf/ owdawmh xm;&rnf[k wGufNyD; .
RI
...
N
W
]tckawmh aiGwpfaomif;yJ ygw,f? uRefawmf vkdufMunfrh ,f?

rO
BudKuf&if aiGwpfaomif;ay;NyD; ypön;f ,lr,f? usefwhJaiGudk tdrfvduk ,

f laygh?
ou
ty
jzpfrvm;}
ea
]tkdau}
ll b
wi
um;wpfpD;iSm;NyD; oGm;Munfhonf/ &yfuu G fxdyf vrf;ray:rSm

ok
um;&yfcdkif;NyD; qif;avQmuf&onf/ tvGef½IyfaxG;pGm wnfxm;aom

bo
his
&yfuu G f/ vrf;awGu usOf;usOf;av;awG? ½Iy&f Sucf wfaeonf/ [kad uGU

ft
'Daumuf 0if&onf/ pdefaMumif enf;enf; rouFmjzpfvm\/

eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
108
olodaom tpdk;&yHkESdyfwkdufrsm;rSm 'Dvm;½Id; &Sdonf/ pmayAdrmef
&Sdonf/ A[kdyHkESdyfwdu k f &Sdonf/ xkyd HkESdyfwdu
k frsm;onf ck ae&mESifh tvSrf;
a0;Muonfcsnf; jzpf\/
rifb;l awGudk tBuHtzefvyk fNyD; xkwf,o l nfqv kd Qif wdwfwdwf usdwf
vkyf&rnf/ bmaMumifh 'Davmuf a0;a0;vHvH ae&mtxd o,fvm&ovJ/
NyD;awmh 'D&yfuGux f Judk um;0ifvdYkr&/ bl;ESpf&mqkdvQif enf;wm r[kwf/
b,fvdv k yk fNyD; o,foGif;ovJ/ wGef;vSn;f eJU oGif;wm jzpfcsifjzpfrnf/
wpfckawmh &Sdonf/ 'Dvkdacsmifusus ae&mrsdK;rSm wrifvmxm;wmvnf;
jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdif\/ ol MumMum awG;cGifhr&/ vli,fjzpfolu . . .
]a&mufNyD} [k ajymonf/
wJwpfvk;H jzpf\/ vltwnfwusaeaom vu©Pm rawGU&/ ypön;f
xm;zkadY vmufom toH;k jyKyHk&onf/ uGyfyspfuav; wpfvk;H om a&SUbuf
cef;rSm &Sd\/ 0ifxkdifMuNyD;aemuf tBuD;u . . .
]rif wpfb;l ,ljyvkduf}
[k ajymonf/ vli,fu tcef;axmifhrSm ESpfvHk;qifhxm;aom
xif;&SL;aowåmrsm;teuf tay:tvHk;udk zGifhonf/ rifwpfb;l qGx J kwNf yD;
pdefaMumifhudk ay;onf/
rifb;l u wk, d dktrsdK;tpm;/ teDa&mif/ tem;ywf wdyfjym;udk
!
SK
Munfo h nf/ oyfoyf&yf&yf &Sd\/ RI
]zGifhMunfhr,faemf}
N
W
]Munfyh g? &ygw,f}
rO
wdyfukd cGmonf/ tzHk;zGifhonf/ ukwfESdyfxm;aom uwfxljym;0dkif;udk

ou
ty
xkwfonf/ aq;om;udk zHk;xm;aom qDpdrfpuúLudk tenf;i,f

ea
qGcJ Gmvku d f\/ aq;om;udk vufñI;d ESifh wkYMd unfhwmESifh odonf/ tppf
ll b
wi
trSeftuef/
ok
]tkdauav? ,lr,f? usefwJh aq;bl;awGaum tukefvk;H 'DrSm

bo
his
&Sdovm;}
ft
pdefaMumifu erlemaq;bl;udk vufqJt G dwfxJ xnfh&if; ajymvkduf

eo
us
onf/
ial
erc
]&Sd . . [m . . . b,fvdjk zpfwmvJ}

mm
Co
109
xkpd OfrSm vlESpfa,muf txJ0ifvmonf/
]wpfa,mufrS rvIyfeJY}
rifb;l a&mif;olrsm; tHhMooGm;NyD; . . .
]cifAsm;wkdYu b,foal wGvJ}
]usKyfwdYk pHkaxmufawGyJ}
wpfa,mufu ajym&m rifb;l a&mif;ol toufBuD;BuD;u
][m . . 'Dvdrk vkyfygeJY q&mwkdY&,f? enf;enf;yg;yg; ñSv d ukd f&
atmifvm;}
]ñSpd &mrvkb d l;? cifAsm;wkYd oHk;a,mufpvH;k udk zrf;&r,f}
pdefaMumifonf xlylae&mrS pdwu f w
dk if;NyD; wnfjidrfatmif BudK;pm;
onf/ 'Dtusyftwnf;u vGwfatmif b,fvdv k yk f&rvJ wGuf&if;
xkvd lESpfa,mufudk tuJcwfonf/
wpfa,mufu *smuifESifh? wpfa,mufu pydkY&Syf0wfNyD; vG,ftdwf
vG,fxm;onf/ pdefaMumifh pdwfxJrSm wpfckck vGJacsmfaeovkd cHpm;&onf/
jzpfcsifwmjzpf prf;Munfhwm rrSm;bl;[k awG;NyD; . . .
]tpfukBd uD;wkdY udb k MuL;udk odvm;}
[k ar;vkduo f nf/ *smuifESifh vlu wpfcsufawGoGm;NyD; . . .
][m; . . odwmaygh? cifAsm;ESifh odvdYv k m;}
!
SK
]uRefawmf udkbMuL; oli,fcsif;yg} RI
][m . . 'gqkd tcsif;csif;awGyJ? ñSdvyk fMuwmaygh}
N
W
[k rifb;l a&mif;olu 0ifajymonf/

rO
*smuifESifhvlu pOf;pm;ovkd vkyfae\/ rifb;l a&mif;olonf

ou
ty
pdefaMumifh em;em;uyfí cyfw;kd wkd; ajymvkdufonf/

ea
]nDav;rSm ygwJh aiGwpfaomif; olwkdYudk ay;vkduf? 'gqkd udpöNyD;oGm;

ll b
wi
r,f? EkdYrkdYqdk rvG,fb;l ? 'g ajcmufwpfyJ}

ok
xkYad emuf *smuifEiS fh vlbufvSnfhí

bo
his
]jzpfw,f r[kwfvm;}
ft
*smuifESifhvlu olt Y azmfudk wpfcsufMunfhNyD;aemuf acgif;ndwjf y

eo
us
onf/
ial
erc
mm
Co
110
pdefaMumifonf olYwGufued f; rSefuefaMumif; odvkduf\/ pHkaxmuf
bufrSm olYtod wpfa,mufrS r&Sd/ ukdbMuL;qkdwmu em&Da&mif;onfh
oli,fcsif;om jzpf\/ 'gudk [kv d lu odw,f bmnmqkdNyD; a&mcsonf/
aemufwpfcsufu rifb;l a&mif;olawG ajymyHkqkdyHkrSm aMumufvefYaeyHk
ray:/ [kv d lawGudk aiGay;zkdYajymyHkrSm &Jwif;vGef;onf/ 'Dawmh [dv
k lawGu
ta,mifaqmif twkawG jzpf&rnf/ olwkdYcsif; pnf;0g;½kdufNyD; tuGufqif
xm;jcif;jzpfrnf/ pdefaMumifu aMumufvefYNyD; aiGay;vkdufvQif aemufydkif;
usrS olwdYk cGJa0,lMuvdrfhrnf/
xkYad Mumifh pdefaMumifu . . .
]uRefawmf aiGray;Ekdifb;l ? tzrf;cHr,f}
[k ½kww f &uf ajymvkduf&m tm;vH;k tHhMoukefonf/ rifbl;a&mif;ol
u ysmysmovJ . .
][m . . . b,fjzpfrvJ? 'Dudpöu rvG,fb;l ? trIu BuD;w,f}
]udpör&Sdbl;? vmbfay;vmbf,l udpörsdK;awmh uRefawmf tm;ray;csif
bl;? jzpfvmorQ &ifqdik fr,f? uRefawmfhrSm tjypf&Sd&if ay;wJhtjypf'Pfudk
&J&JBuD; &ifqdkifvdu k rf ,f}
pdefaMumifu toHvTifhZmwfvrf;xJu avoHrsdK;jzifh ajymvku d fonf/
ta,mifaqmifolrsm;rSm bmvkyf&rSef;rod/
!
SK
]r[kwfao;ygbl;av? 'Dupd öu 'Dvd&k Sdygw,f} [k a,mifcsmcsm ajym RI
onf/ pdefaMumifu . . .
N
W
]uJ zrf;ygawmh? olwYu kd kyd g zrf;yg}

rO
]zrf;vkdY rjzpf? tJ . . . r[kwfbl;}

ou
ty
]Mumw,fAsm? zrf;rvm; rzrf;bl;vm;}

ea
pdefaMumifu a[mufvdu k o f nf/

ll b
wi
]rzrf;bl;? rzrf;bl;}
ok
[kv d lu jyL;jyL;ysmysmESifh taMumuftuef jiif;onf/ 'Dvkd olwkdYysm

bo
his
aewkef; pdefaMumif tcGifhta&; ,lvdu k f\/

ft
]uJ rzrf;&ifvnf; oGm;r,fAsm}

eo
us
tdwu f dk aumuf,lí ½kww f &uf tjyifukd ajy;xGufvkdufonf/ xkv d l

ial
erc
awGu . . .
mm
Co
111
]aeOD;av? aeygOD;} qkdNyD; tayguf0rSm 0kdif;jyLvm\/
]cifAsm;wkdY xGuv f u
kd frvmeJYaemf? usKyf atmfvu kd f&if &yfuGuxf Ju
vlawG 0dkif;vmvdrfhr,f}
pdefaMumifu Ncdrf;ajcmufvdkuf&m [kv d lawG wGefYceJ jyefqw k foGm;
Muonf/
]cifAsm;wkdY usKyfaemufu vkdufrvmeJYaemf}
*smuifESihfvlu . . .
]rvku d fygbl;? 'gayr,fh [kdwkdif'Dwdik fawmh rvkyfygeJY nDav;&m}
[k avaysmhav;ESifh awmif;yefonf/
]'g usKyfoabmyg}
[k ajymNyD; vSnfhxGufvmcJhonf/ [kv d lawG vku d frvm&JrSef; odaomf
vnf; cyfou G foGuf vSrf;&onf/ tvmwkef;u aoaocsmcsm rSwx f m;
onfw h ikd f vrf;awG ½Iyaf eojzifh rsufpdvnfcsifao;onf/ [kad r;'Dar;
vkyfNyD;rS vrf;rBuD;ay: a&mufvmonf/
xkt d cgusrS wpfck owdjyKrd\/ olv Y ufqJt G dwu
f tvmwkef;uxuf
ydkav;aejcif;yif/ Munfhvu kd fawmh [kvd lawG erlemjyvkdufaom rifb;l u
olt Y dwx f J ygvmjcif;yifjzpf\/ ol toHxu G fatmif &,frdavonf/
!
SK
RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
112
tcef; (13)
pdefaMumifonf yHkESdyfvkyfief; vkyf½HkavmufESifh tm;r&/ rEÅav;ukd

ypön;f ykdYonfh tvkyfukv
d nf; vufrvTwfbJ qufvyk fonf/ ukad cgif;BuD;
udk tjrwfav;q,f&mcdkifEIef; cGJay;onfhyHkpHjzifh vkyfckdif;onf/
trSefawmh tjrwfwpf0uf ay;oihfonf/ okUd &mwGif udkacgif;BuD;u
pm&if;rjybJ jzwfckwfrnfh aiGESifhqkdvQif ig;q,f&mckdifEeI f;yJ oGm;udkurf nf
[k olwGufxm;onf/
udak cgif;BuD;uvnf; olYvuf olaY jc vkyf&ojzifh auseyfonf/
!
SK
Xmeqkid f&m tcsdKUESifh tquftoG,f &vmaomtcg ydkí tvkyfjzpf RI
vmonf/ Xmeqkid f&mawGESifh vkyf&wmudk tjyifvyk fief;&SifESifh vkyf&wm
N
W
xuf olu ykdíoabmusonf/

rO
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;onf udk,yf dkiftvkyfjzpfí aphaphpyfpyf &SdvGef;vSonf/

ou
ty
ukefusp&dwf tenf;qH;k ESifh taumif;qHk; vkcd sifMuol rsm;jzpf\/

ea
ta&mifu Ekw,f? &ifhw,f? royf&yfb;l ? tysufrsm;w,f? ½Guaf &

ll b
wi
avsmhw,f ponfjzifh jyóem vkyfwwfonf/ NyD;awmh olwkdYxJu

ok
trsm;pkrSm vlvnfawGjzpf\/ yHkESdyfpufaygif;pHk vSnhftyfcJhNyD; jzpfojzifh

bo
his
aps;EIef;udk aumif;aumif;odaeMuNyD/ olwdkYtvkyfawG vkyf&wm

ft
wef&mwefaMu;&zkdYukdyJ tawmfBudK;pm;&onf/
eo
us
Xmeqkid f&mu tyfonfhtvkyfawG vkyf&wm enf;enf;awmh tvkyf½Iyf

ial
erc
onf/ vkyfxk;H vkyfenf; tpDtpOftwkdif; oGm;&ojzifh MuefUMumrIawG

mm
Co
113
&Sdonf/ aiGukd csufcsif;r&/ pm&if;&Sif;vif;NyD; csufvufrSw&f atmif
apmifh&onf/ bPfrSm csufoGif;&onf/ pm&if;0ifNyDqrkd S aiGxw k fvkdY
&onf/
okY&d mwGif 'gawGukd ol onf;nnf;cHEkdifonf/ olYtwGuf ydkNyD;
wGufajcudu k faomaMumifh jzpf\/
'ghtjyif wGufwwfcsufwwfvQif tydk&wwfao;\/ pufBuD;ESifh
½kdufNyD; av;csdK;jzwfum ½kdufcav;q &wwfwmrsdK;/ wpfcgwpfav
vufwpf0g;pmavmuf ½kdufzkt dY wGuf puúLtxkyfBuD;awG xkwfay;wwf
onf/ txkyfBuD;awG a&mif;NyD; puúLjzwfpawG ydómcsdefESifh
jyef0,f½kdufvQif uk, d t fh wGuf trsm;BuD;usefonf/
puúL t½GuBf uD;wpf½Guu f dk &SpfcsdK;csdK; ½kdufzkdYudk olu q,fcsdK;xGuf
atmif csdK;Ekdifojzifh puúL ydkxGufvmwmrsdK; &Sdao;onf/
wpfcsdKU vkyfief;awGusawmh olu t½HI;cH ½kdufay;vkduf\/ NyD;awmhrS
wm0ef&Sdou l dk 0ifawGUNyD;
]uRefawmfawmh tBuD;tus,f 'kua© &mufaeNyD tefu,f&,f? ½kdufc
wGufwm rSm;oGm;w,f? odyfenf;aeNyD cifAsm}
qkNd yD; olb,favmuf½HI;aMumif; ydkydkomomav; wGufjyvkduf\/
]at;Asm . . . . uRefawmfwYkduvJ twnfjyKNyD;aeNyD qkad wmh jyifvdYk
!
SK
r&awmhb;l ? aemufwpfcg½dkufawmh Munfhvkyfay;yghr,f} RI
aemufwpfcg ½kdufcGifh&zkdY usdef;aooGm;NyD/ okdY&mwGifolu 'DavmufESifh
N
W
rwif;wdrfao;/
rO
]ckavmavmq,fukd jyóem wufawmhrSm tefu,f&? 'Dvukef&if

ou
ty
uRefawmfhtazu pm&if;awG ppfawmhrSm? tckvdk t½HI;ay:wm od&if

ea
tdrfuae acgif;eJYqif;&rSm ? uRefawmfhtazu odyfaphpyfwm? ig;jym;u

ll b
wi
tp tyGef;cHwm r[kwfb;l }
ok
qkNd yD; olUtazudk vlMurf;vkyfvdu k f\/ xkYt d jyif 'DaeYtzkYd tdrfrjyef&J

bo
his
awmhbJ a&xJckefcsaoawmhrvkd tkdufwifvyk fjyonf/ xkdtcg xkyd k*¾dKvfBuD;

ft
rSm pdefaMumifhudk tawmfoem;oGm;\/ twefMum pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf . . .

eo
us
]tif; . . . wpfckawmh ulnDEkdifw,f? ypön;f 0,fcGifh ygrpfwpfck

ial
erc
xkwfay;vkdurf ,fav? 'gqkd&if tqifajyEkdifw,f r[kwfvm;}

mm
Co
114
]aus;Zl;ygyJ tefu,f&,f}
þodjkY zifh &Sm;yg;ypön;f udk aps;&if;ESifh 0,fcGifh&vku d fonf/ 'gudk
jyefxw k fvkdufawmh yHkESdyfpuf½kdufcxufyif ydkjrwfvu kd fao;\/
wpfcsdKUae&mawGrSmusawmh yHkESdyfvyk fief;u wGufajcrudkufaomfvnf;
pmcsKyfESifhjzpfí quft½IH;cHae&aMumif; idkjyonf/ xkt d ½HI;udk umrdatmif
wjcm;vkyfief;wpfckck csay;zkdY awmif;wwfonf/ ukefMurf;oGif;onfh
tvkyf? puf½HktwGuf vkt d yfaom ykvif;wkdY puúLbl;wkYd ay;oGif;onfh
tvkyfwdYk &atmif awmif;onf/ 'Dvdek nf;ESifh olUvkyfuGufudk csJUxGifonf/
olvkyfwm wpfck &Sdao;onf/ puf½HkwpfckuxGuo f nfh &Sm;yg;ypön;f
(Oyrm - erlemtjzpf xkwfvkyfonfh ypön;f rsdK;) &vQif oludk,fwdik fvnf;
roH;k / a&mif;vnf; ra&mif;bJ odrf;xm;onf/
NyD;rS tvkyftwGuf Xmeqkdif&m vlBuD;wpfa,mufqD oGm;vQif
vufaqmiftjzpf ,loGm;onf/ xkXd meESifh qufpyfaeaom ta&mif;qkdifrS
ypön;f udk 0,fcGifh&atmif vkyfNyD;aemuf Xmewpfck\ vlBuD;udk vufaqmif
ay;\/ xkv d lBuD;\ axmufcHrIjzihf &&Sdaom ypön;f udk aemufwpfa,mufudk
vufaqmifay;jyefonf/
þokjdY zifh vufaqmifwpfck t&if;jyKNyD; [ku d [m 'Day;? 'Du[m
[kad y;ESifh vSnfhywfae&if;u &if;ESD;rIudk wk;d atmifvyk fonf/ xkYdaemuf
!
SK
vkyfief;vkyfukid fcGifh&atmif ,lonf/ RI
xkt d aMumif;udk uRefawmf 0w¬Kwkad v; wpfyk'fawmif a&;cJhzl;ao;
N
W
onf/ xk0d w¬Kudk olzwf&[ef wl\/ wpf&ufwGif ol uRefawmfhqD a&muf

rO
vm\/
ou
ty
]ratay; . . rif; ightaMumif; 0w¬Ka&;xm;w,f r[kwfvm;}

ea
a&mufa&mufcsif; wpfcGef;qJNyD;rS ajymonf/

ll b
wi
]at;av . . . bmjzpfv?J rif;taMumif; pmtkyfwpftkyfawmif a&;zkdY

ok
pdwu f l;xm;w,fvdYk igajymzl;om;yJ}

bo
his
]ightaMumif;a&;wmqkd&if &wJh pmrlc igwpf0ufqkdifw,f? rif;ighudk

ft
bD,mvkdufwku d }f
eo
us
][m . . &wmrS ESpf&mwnf; oH;k vkdYukefNyDayghuG}

ial
erc
mm
Co
115
]ukef&ifvnf; rif;aemufxyf &OD;rSmyg? 0w¬Ka&;vkdYaumif;wJh
taMumif;av;awG ig ajymjyp&m &Sdao;w,f}
uRefawmf t0wftpm;vJNyD; olESifh vku d fxGuv f mcJh\/ tdwx
f JrSm
aiGig;q,favmufom ygonf/ vkdvQif ol pkdufvdrhfrnf/
t&ifwpfcgwkef;u uRefawmfwYkd oli,fcsif; tkyfpkwpfpk olYtdrfomG ;
&if; vufzuf&nfwkdufcdkif;&m qkid fa&mufvdYk pm;aomufNyD; aiG&Sif;cgeD;usrS
olu ighrSm ig;usyfyJ ygw,fuGmqko d jzifh xkdtBuHudk pwifol uRefawmf
uyJ usefwm pkdufvdu k f&zl;\/ 'Dwpfcg olYukd 'Dvdjk yefvkyf&rnf/
qkid fa&mufawmh olu bD,mESpfvk;H ESifh pm;p&mrsm; rSmonf/
uRefawmfwpfck oGm;pOf;pm;rdonf/ olonf t&ufBudKufwwfol
r[kwf/ t&ifu uRefawmfwYkd oli,fcsif;awGqHkvkYd aomufzkdYac:vQif ol
rvku d fwm rsm;onf/ twif;qGaJ c:vkdY ygvmvQifvnf; t&ufenf;enf;udk
a&awGtrsm;BuD;a&mNyD; enf;enf;csif;om aomufwwfonf/ avsmhoGm;
vQif a&yJxyfxnfhNyD; aomuf[ef aqmifwwfonf/ 'gukdodaom
uRefawmfwkdYu rsufjcnfrjywf apmifhMunfhNyD; olYcGufxJ jznfjh znfhay;&
onf/
wpfcgwpfav olt Y vpfrSm xyfxnfh&onf/ aemufq;Hk pdwrf &Snf
awmhbJ olYu0kd kdif;csKyfNyD; yg;pyfxJ avmif;xnfah y;&wmrsdK;yif &Sd\/
!
SK
ckusawmh oluyJ qkdifukd ac:onf/ oluyJ rSmaeonf/ RI
]rif; b,fvdjk zpfwmvJ? t&ifu wpfcgavmuf aomufzkdYudk uav;
N
W
aq;wkdufovkd acsmhvdu k f ajcmufvkduf vkyfae&wJhaumifu}

rO
]tck aemufydkif;rSm a&SmifvdYkrjzpfwht J cgawG &Sdw,fuG? tvkyfupd öeJY

ou
ty
olrsm;udk wku d f&wJth cg udk,fu raomufbJaevkdY rjzpfbl;av? 'gaMumifh

ea
enf;enf; tavhtusifh vkyfxm;&wmaygh}

ll b
wi
]tck[mu rif; x&defeif qif;wJhoabmvm;}

ok
]rif;udk ñSOf;csifwmu t"duyguGm}

bo
his
Munfah o;wmayghumG ? b,folu ñSOf;EkdifrvJqdw k m[k uRefawmf

ft
pdwx f Ju ajymvku d f\/

eo
us
okY&d mwGif uRefawmf uHqdk;av\/ pm;yGJxkd;uav;onf bD,m

ial
erc
ESpfykvif;? zefcGuEf Spfvk;H ESif tcsOfyef;uefukd vmcs&if; . . .

mm
Co
116
]q&m bmpmtkyfawG a&;aevJ}
[k uRefawmfhudk ar;onf/ ol uRefawmfhudk aumif;aumif;odaeyHk
&onf/ uRefawmfonf NrdKUxJrSm cyfvQdKvQdK cyfuyk fukyfyif aewwfojzifh
odyfvo l drsm;vSol r[kwfacs/
]tif; . . . vHk;csif;0w¬Kwpftkyf a&;aew,f}
[k tvku d ftxkduf jyefajzvkduf\/
aumifav;u . . .
]q&m . . uRefawmfhukd rrSwfrdb;l vm;? &Spfwef;wkef;u q&mwkdY
usL&SifrSm wufzl;w,fav? at;jrifh&,fav q&m}
vGefcJhaom ig;ESpfavmufu uRefawmfwdYk oli,fcsif;awG pkNyD;
usL&Sifausmif;av;wpfck axmifzl;onf/ olu ausmif;om;a[mif;
wpfa,mufudk;/
][m . . [kwfyg&JU ? rif;u awmfawmfxGm;vmwmyJ? t&ifuvkd
rnf;rnf;ajcmufajcmufuav; r[kwfawmh rSwfawmif rrSwrf db;l }
]q&mhpmtkyfawG uRefawmf tNrJzwfygw,f}
xkpd Of pdefaMumifu 0ifí . . .
]'gqkd tqifajywmaygh?ukd,w fh ynfhqikd fqkdawmh ykdufqHenf;aevJ
ta<u;rSwx f m;vkdY &wmaygh [kwfvm;}
!
SK
]&ygw,f? qkdif&Sif uRefawmfhOD;av;yg? oabmaumif;ygw,f} RI
pdefaMumifu uRefawmfhudk rcsdKrcsOf rsufESmay;ESifh Munfhonf/
N
W
armifat;jrifhu vkdwm&Sd&if ajymygq&mqkdNyD; xGuo f Gm;awmhrS

rO
uRefawmfu . .
ou
ty
]acG;rom; . . awmfawmfvnfwaJh umif}

ea
][m; [m; . . rif;avmufrS rvsif&if cufawmhraygh ÓPfBuD;&Sif&m?

ll b
wi
igac:wmudk rif; odyfrjiif;bJ tvG,fwul vku d fvmwmu wpfcsuf?

ok
rif;rdef;rqD ykdufqHxyfrawmif;bJ tusÐav;aumufpGyfNyD; xGufvmwmu

bo
his
wpfcsuf? 'DESpfcsufukd aumufcsufqGMJ unfh&if odEkdifwmyJ? rif;vkdaumifrsdK;

ft
tdwx f JrSm b,fwkef;ursm; aiGav;ig;q,fxuf ydkNyD; ygzl;vkdYvJ? 'Dawmh

eo
us
vk&d if ighukd pkdufckdif;awmhr,fqw

kd m wGufvkdY &wmaygh}
ial
erc
]rif; 'gaMumifhvnf; pD;yGm;a&;orm; jzpfaewmyJ}

mm
Co
117
[k uRefawmf atmifhoufouf ajymvkduf\/ qufí
]at; . . bmyJjzpfjzpf wefatmifawmh vkyf&rSmyJ? 0w¬Ka&;vkdY
aumif;wJhudpö ajymrvkYq d kd ajymavuGm? 'grS tJ'D[mudk a&;NyD;
rif;rsdKqkdYxm;wmawG ausatmif jyef&Sm&r,f}
rSmxm;aom aq;bJOESifh ig;&SOfUcsOfpyf a&mufvmonf/ pdefaMumifu
rajymao;bJ tjrnf;awG t&ifpm;onf/ bD,mzefcGuf wpfcGuaf vmuf
armhcsvkdufNyD;rS . . .
]rif; . . rD;pdrf;bd udk odvm;} [k ar;onf/
]Mum;awmh Mum;zl;w,f? ra&mufzl;bl;}
]rif; ra&mufzl;bl;qkdwm igodygw,fuG? rif;vkdaumifu tdrfu
rdef;ruvGJ&if 0g;vHk;awmifrS . . .}
qkNd yD; t,kwå tewåawG ajymNyD;rS . . .
]ig tJ'Dukd a&mufoGm;w,fuG}
]a[ . . .}
uRefawmf tHhMooGm;\/
ol 'grsdK;awG vH;k 0 pdw0f ifpm;rIr&Sd[k uRefawmf xifxm;cJhonf/
]rif;u tJ'DomG ;w,f? [kwf&JUvm;uGm? rif;udk igwkdYu tajcmufvdYk
xifaewm}
!
SK
]igvJ wpfcgwpfavawmh 'Dpdwrf sdK; &Sdwmaygh? aemufNyD; tvkyfupd öeJY
RI
ywfoufwJh vlwpfcsdKUudk 'Dvakd e&mrsdK; ac:oifh&if ac:oGm;&wmud;k uG?
N
W
'gaMumifh tawGUtBuHKvJ &atmifqdNk yD; oGm;Munfh&wmyJ}

rO
rD;pdrf;bd qkdonfrSm uRefawmfwYkdNrdKUe,f acsmifusaom wpfae&mwGif

ou
ty
&Sdonf/ rdef;uav;rsm; arG;NyD; tvkyfvyk fpm;aom tdrfjzpf\/ rdef;uav;

ea
awG tqifoihf&SdaeNyDqv kd Qif tdrfa&SUrSm rD;tpdrf;wpfvk;H xGef;xm;wwf

ll b
wi
onf/ xkdYaMumifh rD;pdrf;bd[k ac:Mujcif;jzpf\/

ok
]aumifrav;u i,fi,fav;uG? xif&ufp&mawmif r&Sdbl;}

bo
his
]at; . . ajymygOD;uG? bmjzpfvJ}

ft
uRefawmfu pdwt f m; xufoefpGm ar;onf/

eo
us
]tao;pdwf odcsif&if rif;bmom oGm;Munfyh gvm;}

ial
erc
][muGm . . . vkyfprf;yg? ajymprf;yg}

mm
Co
118
qkNd yD; aq;vdyf aumufzGmvkduf&onf/ olu . . .
]'Dvdu k ?G tJ'D tcef;usOf;av;&JU eH&HrSm jyu©'defwpfck csdwfxm;w,f?
½Guq f kwfjyu©'defavuGm? aq;vdyfaMumfjimwkdY aq;aMumfjimwkdY ½kdufNyD;
qkid fawGudk vufaqmifay;wJh jyu©'defrsdK;aygh}
]rqkid fwmawG avQmufrajymeJUuGm? vk&d if;udkajym}
]tJ'gyJav? tJ'Djyu©'defvJ jrifvdu k af &m tvSukefvyk fief;wpfcku
ighudk tJ'Djyu©'defrsdK; tvkyftyfxm;wm zswfceJomG ;owd&w,f? tJ'Dtcsdef
rSm ightawG;awGu jyu©'def½kduf&if bmpuúL oH;k &rvJ? b,fESpfrsdK;
½kdufrvJ? bavmufb,frSm tyfrvJ qkw d mawG avQmufpOf;pm;aevku d fwm
aumifrav;udkawmif arhomG ;w,f? tawmfMumvkdU aumifrav;u tpfudk
tdyfaysmfaevm; vkYdar;rS vefUNyD; owd&awmhw,f? 'DtcsdefrSm ig
aumifrav;tay:rSm vH;k 0 pdwrf ygawmhb;l ? tdrftjrefjyefajy;NyD; jyu©'def
½kdufzu kdY dpöyJ vkyfcsifawmhw,f? 'geJU igvnf; uref;uwef; xvpfcJhwmyJ?
aumifrav;u [if b,fvkdvlBuD;vJ qkNd yD; wcpfcpf &,fusefcJhwmyJumG }
][if; . . igu aumif;cef;av;rsm; Mum;&r,frSwfvdY}k
]rwwfEkdifb;l uGm? tvkyfudpö awG;rdawmhvnf; [kdOpömudk pdwrf 0if
pm;Ekdifawmhb;l aygh}
]rif;[mu vGefveG f;ygw,fuGm? 'Davmuf awhawhqkdifqikd f awGUNyD;
!
SK
umrS? r[kwfrSvGJa&m rif; . . .} RI
]a,musfm;ryDobl;qkdaom t"dyÜm,fudk Aef;pum;jzifh ajymvkdufonf/
N
W
'grsdK;usawmh 'Daumif rcHEdkif/

rO
][kwfvm; r[kwfvm; od&atmif rif;ESreJY ay;pm;Munfyh gvm;uG}

ou
ty
]'geJY aeygOD;? rif;tck ajymjywmudk igu 0w¬Ka&;&rSmvm;}

ea
'Daumif jiif;vdrfhrnf[k uRefawmf xifonf/ okdY&mwGif olu

ll b
wi
]a&;vkdY aumif;r,fxif&if a&;aygh}

ok
awmfawmf aomuf&Sufenf;wJah umif [k uRefawmf awG;aewkef; . . .

bo
his
]ig t"duajymcsifwmu 'DtaMumif; r[kwfb;l uG? tJ'Dvdk

ft
tawGUtBuHK&SmNyD;awmh tvkyfudpörSm toH;k cswmudk ajymjyrvkY}d

eo
us
qkNd yD; . . . . . . . . . .
ial
erc
mm
Co
119
tcef; ( 14 )
]vlwpfa,mufrSm aysmhuu G fwpfck &SdpNrJyJu?G tJ'DaysmhuGufudk &SmNyD;

tykdifukid fEdkif&if 'Dvl ukd,ft
h dwfxJ a&mufvm&wmyJ}
[k pdefaMumifu ajymonf/ bmomjyef0w¬KawGxJrSm 'grsdK;awG
rMumcP zwfzl;onf/ vlwpfa,muf\ vQdKU0Sufcsufukd &atmif pHkprf;NyD;
xkt
d csufjzifh jcdrf;ajcmufí olvQdKvkyfckdif;wmwkdY? pD;yGm;a&; twGif;owif;
awG ay;cdkif;wmwkdY paom Zmwfvrf;rsdK;awG/
!
SK
pdefaMumifuawmh olYtaz ajymjyzl;onfh tjzpfukd ukd;um;wwf\/ RI
udv k ekd Dacwfu NrdKUwpfNrdKUrSm w½kwBf uD;wpfa,muf&Sdonf/ olonf
N
W
a&mufvmorQ NrdKUtkyfwdYk ,pfrsdK; tifpyufawmfwYu kd kd vmbfxkd;NyD;

rO
t&ufykef;qkdifESifh bdef;cef;zGifhonf/
ou
ty
wpfcgawmh olwkdYNrdKUudk NrdKUtkyfwpfa,muf a&mufvmonf/

ea
pma&;BuD;u w½kwBf uD;udk vmí owif;ay;onf/

ll b
wi
]aygufazmfBuD; . . . 'Dwpfcgawmh cifAsm;rvG,fawmhbl;? cka&mufvm

ok
wJh NrdKUtkyfu vmbfrpm;bl;As}

bo
his
xkt d cg w½kwBf uD;u

ft
]udpör&Sdbl;? vmbfrpm;ayr,fh xrif;pm;w,fav}

eo
us
[k jyefajymonf [l\/
ial
erc
mm
Co
120
'Dvdyk J/ pdefaMumifuvnf; rpm;wwfayr,fh aomufw,f qko d lrsdK;udk
pm;aomufqkdifaumif;aumif;odYk ac:oGm;wwf\/ t&ufaumif;aumif;?
*Pmef;vufr? bJajcaxmuft½kd;vGw?f jynfBuD;ig;? 0ufuav; ajrreif;
om; ponfh pm;aumif;aomufzG,rf sm;ESifh {nfch HauR;arG;onf/
]uJ . . tpfukBd uD;wkdY? pdwBf udKufom oH;k aqmifMuyg? wpfckyJ
uRefawmfBudKNyD; arwåm&yfcHcsifw,f? rm;'g; onf abmwJvf qkw d pJh um;
&Sdw,fr[kwfvm;? uJ . . . ykvif;udk taoowfMupkdU}
qkdNyD; 0dkif;udk zGifhvkdufonf/
]udpk defaMumifvnf; vkyfOD;av}
[k qkv d mvQif . .
]uRefawmfu tpmtdrfa&m*g &SdvkdYyg? 'gawmh onf;cHyg? uRefawmf
rmumvkyfqdk vkyfay;yghr,f}
qkNd yD; avQmufwwfonf/ wpfcsdKUu . .
][m . . . b,fjzpfrvJ? cifAsm;raomuf&if uRefawmfwkdY b,frsdKus
yghrvJ}
qdvk Qifawmh . .
]'gqkdvnf; enf;enf;vkyfyghr,f? tpfukBd uD;wkdYudk tdrfwikd f&ma&muf
jyefykdYay;zkdU wm0efu &Sdao;vkYd odyfawmh rvkyfyg&apeJY}
!
SK
[lí BudKumxm;vku d \
f / RI
t&uform;qkw d mu b,favmuf pnf;urf;&Sdoljzpfjzpf rl;vmvQif
N
W
qifjcifwHkw&m; vGww f wfwm "r®wmyJ? pdefaMumifuawmh xH;k pHtwkdif;

rO
t&ufwpfcGuaf vmufudk rukefatmif rQOf;aomuf&if; olrsm;cGufawGxJukd

ou
ty
vkud fvkdufjznfhay;onf/
ea
wpfcsdKUu ol taomufenf;wm &dyfrdNyD; olYcGux f J twif;xnfh

ll b
wi
ay;vQif rjiif;bJ [efjyaomufonf/ tvpfrSm oGefypfcsifypf/ olrsm;cGuf

ok
xJ ckd;xnfch sifxnfh/ uRefawmfwdYk oli,fcsif;awGESifh aomufwkef;u

bo
his
ynmawG 'Dae&mrSm toHk;0ifonf[k olajymzl;\/

ft
wpfcgwpfav yGJMurf;rnf[k xifonfhtcg BudKwifNyD; axmywfrsdK

eo
us
xm;wmwk?dY bDqpfESpfjym;avmuf aomufoGm;wmwkdY vkyfwwf\/ qkid fxJ

ial
erc
a&mufvYkd rjiif;ombJ ykdaomufrdonfhtcgrsdK; qkv d Qifvnf; aumifwmudk

mm
Co
121
ra,mifrvnfomG ;? vpfydkApfwef wpfykvif;,l? tdrfomxJoGm;NyD;
pm;aomufxm;orQ vufx;kd tef? NyD;rS vpfydkaomufNyD; rrl;atmif
umuG,fwwf\/
tvkyfpum;udk b,ftcsdefrSm ajym&rnf[k qH;k jzwfwwfzkdY odyfta&;
BuD;onf/ aomufcgp odyfrrSefcifajymvQif wpfzufu owd&Sdaeao;
ojzifh rwGifus,fvS/ odyfrl;oGm;onfh tcsdefusrS ajymvQifvnf; bmajym
vkYad jymrSef; odrSmr[kwf/ aemufaeYusawmh arhoGm;vQif tvum; jzpfawmh
rnf/
xkdYaMumifh qifjcifwHkw&m;uav;ESifh t&ufrl;jcif;wkdY vGefqJaG ecsdef
pyfu;l ryfu;l umvav;rSm vkcd sifwmudk trdt& ajymEdkif&\/ 'Dumvudk
wGufcsufwwfjcif;uawmh pdefaMumif\ yg&rDynmyifjzpf\/
vlwo kdY nf t&ufrl;vmNyDqdkvQif oabmvG,v f mwwf\/ t&Su?f
taMumuf avsmhyg;vmwwfonf/ t&ufaomufxm;csdefwGif udpöwpfckck
udk jiif;qefjcif;xuf oabmwlrQjcif;u ykdí tav;omwwfonf/ 'Dvkd
enf;vrf;jzifh pdefaMumifonf olvkdcsifwm tawmfrsm;rsm; &wwfonf/
wpfcsdKUvlawGusawmh enf;enf; ud, k fcHtm;? pdw"f mwftm; aumif;
wwfonf/ b,favmuf aomufaomuf rl;avhr&Sd/ xko d lrsdK;usawmh
tvkyfpum;pvQif . . .
!
SK
][m . . . ckvdk aysmfaysmfyg;yg; aomufpm;aewkef;rSm tvkyfpum; RI
rajymcsifbl;Asm}
N
W
qkNd yD; ykwx f kwfypfwwf\/ 'Dvdt k cgrsdK;awGusawmh pdefaMumifu

rO
enf;AsL[m wpfrsdK;ajymif;onf/ olY t&ufcGuu f dk vH;k 0 rwkYdxdbJ

ou
ty
xm;vkdujf cif;yif/ 'gudk wpfzufu &dyfrdNyD; . .

ea
]b,fvdw k ek f; udkpdefaMumif&JU? cifAsm;cGuuf vHk;0ravsmhao;ygvm;}

ll b
wi
[k ar;vQif
ok
]uRefawmfu t&ufeJY odyfwnfhwm r[kwfb;l tpfukBd uD;&?

bo
his
tpfukBd uD;wkYu d kd tm;emvkdYom Budwrf Sdwfaomufae&wm? uRefawmfu

ft
t&nfvkdif; r[kwfb;l ? tzwfvkdif;av . . [J . . [J}

eo
us
[k ESyfaMumif; ay;vkduo f nf/ vlig;a,mufrSm av;a,mufuawmh

ial
erc
ESyfaMumif;twkdif; vkdufcsdK;Muolrsm;om jzpf\/

mm
Co
122
]usKyfwdYuk awmh t&nfa&m tzwfa&m &oAsdKU}
xkt d cg pdefaMumifu . . .
][m . . 'DvdkrSef;od&if 'Dqdkifb,fac:vmrvJ? &iftHkpm;awmfqufukd
ac:oGm;wmaygh}
]bm . . &iftHkpm;awmfquf[kwv f m;? emrnfudku pdw0f ifpm;p&m
aumif;aeNyDAsdKU}
]w½kwq f ikd fcifAs? w½kwv f kdawmh b,fvdt k "dyÜm,f&w,f rodbl;?
jrefrmvkdawmh [J [J }
qkNd yD; xkq d ikd fu pm;yGJxkd; aumifrav;awG tjyKtpk aumif;yHkukd
tao;pdwf jrdefa&&Sufa& ajymjyonf/
]at;Asm . . . wpfcgavmufawmh oGm;Munfhcsifw,f}
][m . . . 'g uRefawmfh wm0efxm;? 'grsdK;qkd uRefawmfu
odyf0goemygwm}
aemufwpfywfusawmh tqkyd g pm;aomufqdik fodYk ac:oGm;\/
pdefaMumifu pm;yGJxkd;awGudk BudKwifNyD; rkefYzkd;aumif;aumif; ay;í rSmMum;
xm;ojzifh aumif;aumif; tpGrf;ukef jyKpkMuonf/ nK&if;cRJ&if;
t&ufawG xyfxyfiSJYay;onf/
aumifrav;awGESifh jzpfysufyHk tvH;k pHkudk pdefaMumifu tukefrSwf
!
SK
xm;onf/ 'Dxu J rS rSwfavmufom;avmufaom tjzpfwpfck okYdwnf; RI
r[kwf pum;wpfcGef;udk a½G;xkwfNyD; toHk;csonf/
N
W
aemufwpfaeYwGif pdefaMumif ½Hk;oko dY Gm;onf/ xkkdtcgusawmh

rO
[kyd k*d¾KvfBuD;rSm vnfuwHk;tusÐESifh? wku d fyHkESifh? rsufrSefESifh ajymifaeaom

ou
ty
acgif;udk oyfoyf&yf&yfNzD;vkYd wnfwnfcefYcefYBuD; jzpfaeNyD/

ea
]vm . . xkdifAsm}
ll b
wi
[k £ajE´wpfcGJom;ESifh rdefYrdefYBuD; ajymvkduf\/ pdefaMumifu

ok
wpfcsuf NyHK;MunfhNyD; . . .
bo
his
]tpfukBd uD; EIwfcrf;arG;awG &dwfvkduf&if aumif;r,f? odyfpl;wmyJ}

ft
[k ajymvkduf\/ xkv d lBuD;rSm pdwq f kd;&rvkd? &,f&rvdk rsufESmrsdK;

eo
us
BuD;ESifh . .
ial
erc
]cifAsm; awmfawmfaemufwJhvlyJ}
mm
Co
123
[k &Suo f vkdvkd [efYovkdvdk jyefajym\/ pdefaMumifonf tm;wHYk
tm;em jzpfoGm;[ef? awmif;yef[efjzifh Munfh&if; . . .
]uRefawmfvnf; [kad eYuwnf;u ajymrvkdY[m ajymcGifhrBuHKwmeJY
ckrSyJ vm&awmhw,f}
]qkd . . bmudpöv}J
cyfjywfjywf avoH? aysmhaysmif;oGm;onfh [efyefjzifh ar;onf/
]uRefawmf wif'gavQmufvTm wifxm;wJh udpöav;yg}
]odyfrvG,fb;l As}
][kwfuhJ uRefawmfvnf; odygw,f? wwfEdkifoavmufawmh ulnDyg
OD;}
]uRefawmf wpfa,mufwnf;eJY rNyD;bl;av}
]uRefawmf tpfukBd uD;wkdY tdrfukv d nf; vmcJhygOD;r,f? tpfrBuD;&JU
vuf&m vufzufoyk f rpm;&wmawmif MumNyD? tpfrBuD; rSmxm;wJh
y½krf;qD;oD;bl;vnf; vmykdY&OD;r,f}
'g taumif;ajymwm r[kwfbl;/ olu Y dpö tqifrajy&if [kad eYnu
uJcJhwJhudpöudk tdrfurdef;reJY wkid fvduk rf ,fvkdY ajymwm? acG;om;av;?
awmfawmfvnfw,f? tdrfu rdef;rudv k nf; b,fvdkrsm; pnf;½Hk;xm;vnf;
rodbl;[k [kv d lBuD; pdwx
f J awG;ae\/
!
SK
'gvnf; ol\ enf;vrf;wpfckyifjzpf\/ a,mufsm; tawmfrsm;rsm;udk RI
tdrfu rdef;rawGu csKyfukdifxm;aMumif; olod\/ 'gawGudk wjcm;rSm
N
W
avhvmp&mrvk/d olYtdrfrSmyif avhvmvkdY&onf/

rO
oltY azonf tdrfaxmifOD;pD; jzpfaomfvnf; olYtar\ MoZmudk

ou
ty
rvGefqefEdkif/ trsm;oliga&SUrSm tazu t&m&mudk pDrHcefUcGJaeonf[k

ea
xifp&m&Sdaomfvnf; wu,fwrf;usawmh tarESifhwkdifyifNyD; tarhoabm

ll b
wi
wlnDcsufESifhom vIyf&Sm;ae&jcif;jzpfaMumif; olod\/

ok
xkYt
d jyif uRefawmfwdYkvkd oli,fcsif; vifr,m;rsm;\ taMumif;udk
bo
his
vnf; olu waphwapmif; tuJcwfonf/

ft
]rif;wkdY vifr,m;ESpfa,muf tdrfaxmifukd b,fvkdcGJa0 wm0ef,Ml u

eo
us
ovJu}G [k olu ar;zl;onf/

ial
erc
mm
Co
124
]omref tao;tzGJupd öqdk&if rdef;rudyk J wm0ef,l qHk;jzwfcdkif;vkduf
w,f? wu,fta&;BuD;wJh udpöusrS igudk,fwdkif qHk;jzwf twnfjyKw,f}
wu,fawmh xkdpum;rSm uRefawmfh uk, d fykdifr[kw/f tar&duef
or®wBuD;wpfa,muf ajymcJhzl;aom pum;udk jyefajymvku d fjcif;jzpf\/
xkod r®wBuD;\ pum;rSm þwGifrNyD;ao;/ aemufqufwGJ &Sdao;onf/
xdpk um;rSm . . .
]tJ . . ajymomajym&w,f? uRefawmfwkdY tdrfaxmifouf wpfavQmuf
vH;k rSm ta&;BuD;wJh udpöqdv k dYk wpfcgrS rjzpfcJhzl;ygbl; cifAsm}
[líjzpf\/ 'gudkawmh pdefaMumifhtm; ajymrjyjzpfacs/ okYd&mwGif
pdefaMumifuawmh &dyfrdonf/
a,mufsm;rsm;onf rdef;rudk ydkifonf Ekdifonf [lí *kPf,lcsifwwf
Mu\/ rdef;rrsm;uvnf; avESifhEkdifwm Ekdifygap[k cGifhvTwx f m;Mu\/
wu,fwrf;usawmh rdef;rrsm;uom aemufu, G fu BudK;udik f xdef;csKyfxm;
Mujcif;jzpf\/
wpfcsdKU &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; rdef;rtay: wu,fMoZm&SdNyD; tEdkif&olwkdY
yifvQif tjyifrSm ½Iycf Jhonfh udpöusawmh rdef;rudk todray;&J/ vQdKU0Suf
xm;vkdMuonf/ xkt d csufonf pdefaMumiftwGuf tuGuaf umif;yif
jzpf\/
!
SK
pdefaMumifum; tdrfaxmifa&;udpöukd olYpD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;twGuf RI
toHk;cs&eftwGufom pdwf0ifpm;ol jzpfav\/
N
W
olonf tcspfukd pdwrf 0ifpm;ojzihf rdef;uav;rsm;ESifh odyftquf

rO
tqHr&Sd/ rdef;uav;awG taMumif;udk rod/ okdY&mwGif rdef;rBuD;awG

ou
ty
taMumif;udk odonf/ toufBuD;BuD; tdrfaxmif&Sif trsdK;orD;BuD;rsm;ESihf

ea
oifhatmif aygif;wwfjcif;onf pdefaMumif\ xl;jcm;aom yg&rDyif

ll b
wi
jzpfav\/
ok
tdrfukd 0ifxu G foGm;vm&if; tvkduftxkduf ajymqkdqufqHNyD; &if;ESD;

bo
his
atmif BudK;pm;onf/ xko d lwYkd bmBudKufwwfovJ avhvmonf/ olwkdY

ft
tBudKufudk aqmif½Guaf y;onf/

eo
us
olulnyD Hku olrsm;vkd NyD;NyD;a&m r[kwf/ tdrfukd oGm;vnfvQif

ial
erc
udwfrkefYwkdY bmwkYud kd NyD;pvG,f 0,foGm;jcif;r&Sd/ &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; pm;&cJaom

mm
Co
125
t&mrsdK;om wul;wu &SmBuH0,foGm;wwf\/ Oyrm wGif;awmifu
xGufonfh wGif;ydk;ajcmufvkd [mrsdK;/ 'gu tpm;aumif; BudKufolawG
twGu/f
t0wftpm; 0goemygolawG twGufqv kd Qif yg&Sm;NcHKapmif? tvSty
BudKufoal wGtwGuf jyifopf&ifxdk;? a&arT;? y&dabm* jyifqifwwfol
qdv k Qif a½Ta&;,Gef;xnf/ ta&;BuD;wmudk rdef;rudk ydkifvQif a,mufsm;udk
Ekdifonfqdo k nfh tcsufyif jzpf\/
pdefaMumif\ ajcvSrf;rsm;um; usJvnf;usJonf/ oGufvnf; oGuf
onf/ ½Iyv f nf; ½Iyof nf/ okYwd dik fatmif ckxd olYajcvSrf;awG rrSm;atmif
uRrf;usifpGm eif;avQmufaeEkdifwek f;yifjzpf\/
!
SK
RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
126
tcef; ( 15 )
csdwfydww f if'g ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/ wpfrsdK;u ta&mif;wif'g jzpf\/ Xme

wGif rvkdtyfaom? ydkvQHaeaom ypön;f rsm; a&mif;csjcif; jzpfonf/
wpfrsdK;u t0,fwif'g/ vkt d yfaom ukefMurf;rsm;? tjcm;ypönf;rsm;
ay;oGif;apjcif; jzpf\/
ESpfrsdK;pvH;k rSmyif aps;EIef;udk yHkpHrSm vQKdU0SufpGm a&;jznfh? pmtdwfwGif
xnf?h csdwyf dwfNyD; wif&onf/ owfrSwx f m;onfh aeU&uf? tcsdefwGif
!
SK
oufaorsm;ESifh wm0ef&Sdoltrsm; tpHktnDa&SUarSmufwGif csdyfcGmí RI
wifoiG f;xm;aom aps;EIef;awGudk EdIif;,SOfMunfh&\/ ta&mif;wif'gwGif
N
W
aps;trsm;qHk; ay;Ekdifou l &NyD;? t0,f wif'gwGif aps;tedrfhqHk; ay;Ekdifol

rO
u &&Sdonf/
ou
ty
pdefaMumifonf rMumcP wif'grsm; &avh&Sd\/ &onft h cgwkdif;

ea
vnf; wjcm;vlawGay;onfh aps;EIef;ESifh yGwu f moDumavmufom

ll b
wi
uGmjcm;rI&Sdonf/
ok
]rif;u ckvdk ig;jym;uGm? q,fjym;uGmeJY wif'gudk &w,fqdak wmh

bo
his
olrsm;awGay;wJh aps;EIef;awG rif;odvdYkaygh}

ft
uRefawmfu ar;awmh . . .
eo
us
]rod&ygbl;uGm}
ial
erc
mm
Co
127
]csdyfydww
f if'gqkdwm tBuHtzef vkyfvdYkrvG,fatmif pnf;urf;
wif;usyfxm;wmyJ? rif; b,fvkdenf;eJY vkyfovJ}
]'gawG ajymvkdY rjzpfb;l uG}
]xm;awmhumG ? rif; avQmufvTmyHkpHrSm aps;EIef;jznfhwJhtcgusawmh
cefYrSef;&rcufbl;vm;? olrsm;aps;EIef;awGvJ rif;rS rodbJ}
]rcufygbl;uGm}
]bmjzpfvdYv k J}
]igu ighavQmufvmT yHkpHxJu aps;EIef;ae&mrSm bmrS ra&;bJ
uGufvyfcsefNyD; wifvdu k w
f myJav}
xkYad Mumifh ,if;udpöESifh ywfoufí rnfokdY vkyfvdkufonfrod/
pdefaMumifwpfa,muf wif'g &&SdoGm;av\ [líom rSwfxm;zkdYyJ &Sdawmh
onf/
_______
pdefaMumifhtaz OD;at;armifonf yHkESdyfvyk fief;udk pdefaMumiftm;
!
SK
BuD;Muyfcdkif;NyD; aemufwiG f ukefypön;f rsm; avvHqJGonfh tvkyfukd RI
vkyfukid fcJhonf/ rMumcPqko d vkd pdefaMumifukd vkyfief;oabm avhvm
N
W
Ekdif&ef ac:oGm;wwf\/ pdefaMumifu avhvm½HkrQom r[kwf? ud, k fwkdif

rO
0ifNyD; ynmpGrf;jyaomtcg olYtazyifvQif vufzsm;cg&avawmhonf/

ou
ty
rsm;aomtm;jzihf avvHyGJawGrSm aiGaMu;awmifhwif;aom tkyfpkBuD;

ea
rsm;u csKyfukdifxm;wwfMu\/ tkyfpktcsif;csif;vnf; ñSx d m;NyD; avmhwf

ll b
wi
eHygwftvku d f cGJa0,lwwfMu\/
ok
tcsif;csif; NydKifqdkifqJ,
G al evQif aps;awGjrifhNyD; tjrwfenf;rnf/
bo
his
ñSx d m;awmh [efjyoabmavmufom aps;NydKifay;MuNyD;aemuf Murf;cif;

ft
aps;xuf tenf;tusOf;avmufom ydkaomaps;jzifh jzwfqGJMuawmh\/

eo
us
Oyrm avmhwf eHygwfwpfukd tkyfpkwpfpku ,lzkdY oabmwlxm;vQif

ial
erc
xkyd GJwGif wjcm;tkyfpkawGu vufa&Smifay;onf/ qG, J lrnfh tkyfpkuvlrsm;

mm
Co
128
rSm toD;oD; rSwyf Hkwifxm;olrsm;jzpfí ud, k t
fh csif;csif;yif tNydKiftqkdif
aps;ykday;[ef aqmifMuonf/ owfrSwx f m;aom aps;EIef;udk a&mufawmh
usefoal wGu rvkduaf wmhbJ wpfa,mufa,mufu xkEd Ief;ay;í
qGJ,lvdu k o f nf/ þokdY jyKvkyfMuojzifh Xmeqkdif&mrsm;rSm epfem&onf/
&oifh&xku d faom aps;EIef;r&awmh/
'Dvdñ k dxS m;onfh yGJrSm wjcm;vl wpfa,mufa,mufu 0ifNydKifvQif
vnf; vltm;aiGtm;jzifh zdowfwwfMuonf/ xkYdaMumifh aiGaMu;tiftm;
enf;yg;olwdYkrSm tkyfpkBuD;rsm; rvkcd sifaom tao;pm; avvHyGJrsdK;rSom
0ifqJcG Gifh&Muavonf/
pdefaMumifwdYkrSmvnf; aiGaMu;awmifhwif;rI r&Sdojzifh axmifyGJ
aomif;yGJavmufrSmom 0ifwdk;Ekdifonf/
okY&d mwGif pdefaMumif\ ÓPfomG ;rI? tuGufjrifrI wkYad Mumifh
tjrwftpGef; tawmf&vku d fonf/
toHk;rvkdawmhaom oHxnfawG avvHwifonfh yGJwpfckrSmjzpf\/

oHxnfypön;f rsdK;pHkudk tyHkvu kd fyHkí wpfyHkcsif; avvHwifjcif;jzpf\/
tvSnhw f pfvnS fhwGif pdefaMumifESifh ajreDukef;Muufwef;u ukvm;wpfpkwdYk
tNydKifqJMG uonf/ ukvm;awGu xkt d yHkxJrSmygaom oHydkufvk;H ta[mif;
!
SK
rsm;udk rsufpdusjcif; jzpf\/ wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf ravQmhwrf; RI
aps;NydKifay;aeMu&m pdefaMumifhtazu . .
N
W
]odyftwifhr&JeJYuG? odyfrufavmufp&m r&Sdbl;xifw,f}

rO
[k owday;onf/
ou
ty
pdefaMumifuawmh r&ru vkdufatmfaeonf/ aemufqk;H awmh ukvm;

ea
awG rrDEkdifavmufatmif wufay;ypfvdu k o

f nf/ pdefaMumif &oGm;\/
ll b
wi
olt Y azu qlonf/

ok
]bmrS r[kwfwhJ oH<uyfyku d fawGyJ rsm;aewJh[mudk rif;u oH;k axmifh

bo
his
ig;&mxday;wm ½l;aeovm;uG? 'Dvdo k m rcHcsifpdwfeJY avQmufvyk fae&if

ft
igwkdYbBuD; tif;avvHqJo G vkd rGJrSmyJ}

eo
us
]tomaeprf;yg taz&m? uRefawmfykdifvkdY vkyfwmyg? aemufawmh

ial
erc
tazodvdrfhr,f}
mm
Co
129
xko d Hxnf tyHkxJu ypön;f wpfckukd pdefaMumif rufarmaejcif;
jzpfav\/ oH0if½kd;wpfacsmif;jzpf\/
]tJ'gu bmtoH;k usvkYv d ?J jyefa&mif;&if ig;q,fawmif r&bl;}
]uRefawmf tazhqu D wpf&meJY 0,fr,fav? a&mif;rvm;}
]acG;rom;? om;tzcsif; vlvnfruseJY? rif; bmtuGuf awGUxm;vJ
ajymprf;}
xkt d cgusrS pdefaMumifu &,fí . . .
]'Dvdk taz&? [kw d avmu yHkESdyfpuftwGuf yifeD,H oGm;o&if;eJY
wGifcHkrSm 'D0if½kd;rsdK; wpfacsmif;usdK;vkdY vmqufwm awGUzl;w,f? uRefawmf
u wGifq&mudk pyfpkMunfhawmh yJcl;bufu qefpufwpfcku 0if½dk;vkdY
ajymw,f? tJ'D0if½kd;u wpfcgusdK;oGm;&if cPcP usdK;wwfw,fwJh?
oH;k av;v wpfcgavmuf usdK;w,f? wpfcgusdK;&ifvJ &efukefrSm vmvmNyD;
quf&wm odyfepfemwmaygh? 'Dvdk 0if½kd;rsdK; taumif;wpfck&&if
wpfaomif;txd ay;r,fvkdY ydkif&Sifu ajymw,fqkdyJ? b,frSmrSvJ &SmvkdY
r&bl;wJ}h
]aeprf;ygOD;uG? 'Dvdk 0if½kd;qkdwm tBuD;tao;? t&Snt f wkd rwlbl;?
rif;u b,fvdv k yk f rSwrf dwmvJ}
]'Davmuf nHhyghrvm; taz&m? uRefawmf twkid f; ,lxm;cJhwmaygh?
!
SK
aemufNyD; eHygwfvJ ygw,fav? 'ghtjyif t*Fvef z&D;rif; ukrÜPDu RI
xkwfvyk fonfqdw k hJ wHqdyfvnf; ygao;wmyJ[m}
N
W
]uJ . . xm;ygawmh? 'Dypönf;udk qefpufu 0,fr,fqw kd muaum

rO
aocsm&JUvm;}
ou
ty
]tJ'DavvHyGJ rwkid fcif 'Dypönf;awG vmMunfhNyD;uwnf;u uRefawmf

ea
tJ'Dqefpufudk zkef;qufvkdufNyD;NyD? eufjzef aeYvnfavmuf vm,lvdrfh

ll b
wi
r,f}
ok
]aps;b,favmuf ajymxm;vJ}
bo
his
]rrsm;ygbl; taz&m? aomif;ESpfaxmifwnf;yg? b,fvdv k J taz?

ft
uRefawmfhudk wpf&meJY a&mif;rSmvm;}

eo
us
]acG;om;av;? aemufukd avvHqJ&G if igrvku d fawmhb;l ? rif;bmom

ial
erc
oGm;ayawmh}
mm
Co
130
aemufwpfyGJrSm tdrfrkd;ausmufjym;ESifh rsufESmusuf ausmufjym;rsm;
tusdK;tyJhawG avvHwifonfyh GJ jzpf\/ [k;d t&ifu jynfoyl kdifodrf;&mwGif
aqmufvufp puf½Hk taqmufttHkwpfck ygvmonf/
xktd aqmufttHktwGuf ausmufjym;rsm;vnf; tyHkvkdufyg&Sdonf/
taqmufttHkudk qufvuf wnfaqmufcJhjcif; r&Sdojzifh ausmufjym;rsm;
onfvnf; usdK;yJhysufpD;ukefonf/ xkad usmufjym; tyHkvu kd fudk rsufjrif
tajctaetwGif; avvHwifjcif;jzpf\/
xkad usmufjym;rsm;onf EkdifiHjcm;rS vmjcif;jzpfojzifh pHcsdefrD t&nf
taoG; &Sdonf/ vkyfief;&Sifrsm; rufarmMuonfrSm ,if;ausmufjym;rsm;
wGif yg0ifaom tbufpawmh ac: rD;cHausmuf*Grf;rIefY jzpf\/
ausmuf*Grf;rIefYu tvGef&Sm;onf/ jynfwGif;rSm r&Sd/ xkYdaMumifh ckvkd
tusdK;tyJhawGudk vkyfief;&Sif;rsm;u avvHqGJ? trIefYjyefBudwfNyD; bdvyfajr
ESifh jynfwGif;jzpf ukefMurf;rsm;a&mí tdrfrkd;ausmufjym;? rsufESmusuf
ausmufjym;rsm; jyefvkyfMu&onf/
pdefaMumifu olrsm;awG ray;Ekdifaomaps;udk ay;í avvHqv GJ u
kd fjyef
onf/ NyKdifbufawGuawmh olYudk t½l;[k xifMuonf/ wu,fawmh
olu jyeft½l;vkyfvdu k jf cif; jzpf\/
xkad usmufjym;rsm;rSm uGif;jyifxrJ Sm ESpfy&dapä' MumjrifhpGm ypfxm;
!
SK
ojzifh csHKEG,fydwaf ygif;awG zHk;tkyfaeonf/ xkYdaMumifhom rsufjriftm;jzifh
RI
odyfrrsm;vS xif&jcif;jzpf\/ zHk;tkyfaeaom csHKEG,af wGatmufrSm trsm;
N
W
BuD; &Sdaeao;onf/
rO
'ghtjyif jrufcif;jyifBuD;tjzpfom jrifae&aom ajrom;atmufrSm

ou
ty
taumif;yuwd &Sdaeao;aom ausmufjym;awG &mESifhcsDí epfjrKyfaeao;

ea
onf/ 'gudk pdefaMumifu olYenf;olY[efjzifh pHkprf;od&Sdxm;onf/

ll b
wi
xkyd GJwGif pdefaMumif ig;qavmuf jrwfvkdufonf/

ok
bo
his
_______
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
131
tiftm;awmifhwif;onfh tkyfpkBuD;rsm;om BuD;pkd;onfh avvHyGJrsm;
wGif ol tem;ruyfEkdifaomfvnf; ab;u oGm;avhvmcJhonf/ wpfcsdefcsdef
wGif olvnf; tkyfpkBuD;wpfpktwGif; tzGJU0ifjzpfaumif; jzpfvmEkdifrnf
r[kwfvm;/
aemufNyD; avvHyGJawGudk xkdtkyfpkBuD;rsm;u vuf0g;BuD; tkyfxm;jcif;
udvk nf; olcHjyif;onf/ udk,fwkdif 0ifrqGJEkdifonfhwdkif olUynmav;awmh
jyvkud fcsifonf/
um;awG avvHwifonfh yGJwpfckrSmjzpfonf/ xH;k pHtwkdif; avmhwf
eHygwftvkducf GJNyD; tkyfpkBuD;ESpfpk oabmwlxm;Muonf/ avvHyGJ rpcif
vufzuf&nfqkdifrmS pdefaMumif0ifxkdifonf/ tzdef;tkyfpkrS vlrsm;&Sdaeaom
pm;yGJem;uyfvsuf pm;yGJrSm 0ifa&mxkdifonf/ avvHtaMumif; pum;p
onf/ wpfzufpm;yGJu vlrsm;udk tzdef;tkypf kurSef; rod[efaqmifNyD; . . .
!
SK
]'DwpfyaGJ wmh tzdef;tkyfpk cHoGm;&NyDAs} RI
[k wpfzufpm;yGJrS Mum;atmif ajymonf/ xko d lrsm; pdwf0ifpm;NyD;
N
W
em;pGifhvmonf/ xkdtcg qufajymonf/

rO
]rGww f m;tkypf ku vlvnfusoGm;wmAs? wjcm; r[kwfbl;? avmhwf

ou
ty
eHygwf ckepfavAsm? tJ'gudk rGww f m;tkypf ku ,lzkdY oabmwlxm;w,f?

ea
wu,fawmh tJ'Dum;u taumif;qHk;As? abmf'Dom pkwfaewm? pufawG

ll b
wi
u topfawGcsnf;yJ? aemufNyD; uRefawmf Mum;&oavmufawmh tzdef;

ok
tkyfpk,lr,fh um;awGu ypönf;aumif;awGukd jzKwfNyD; tJ'Dum;rSm vJwyfzdkY

bo
his
tBuHtzef vkyfxm;w,f qkdyJAs}

ft
ajymNyD; qkid fxu J xGufvmcJhonf/ tzdef;tkyfpku vlwpfa,muf

eo
us
olaY emuf vkdufvmonf/

ial
erc
]'DrSm nDav; ... cke ajymwmawG b,fvdv k yk fov

d J}
mm
Co
132
]Asm? [m . . . r[kwfygbl;? aygufu&awGyg}
pdefaMumifu aMumufvefYwkefvIyfae[efjzifh jiif;vkdufonf/
]r[kwfao;ygbl;av? nDav; rodbJ b,fajymrvJ}
][m . . . rodbl;? rodbl;}
qkNd yD; pdefaMumif twif;xGufvmcJhonf/ [kdvu l uyfvdkufvmNyD; . .
]ajymyguGm? a&mh . . ighnDtwGuf vufzuf&nfzkd;}
qkNd yD; aiGwpf&m xkwaf y;onf/ pdefaMumifu acgif;cgaomtcg
aemufxyfwpf&m xyfxkwfNyD; tdwx f J twif;xkd;xnfhay;\/
pdefaMumifu . . .
]ajymvkdYrjzpfygbl;Asm? uRefawmfhtpfudk tvkyfjyKwfoGm;vdrfhr,f}
]tkdau? 'Davmufod&if awmfNyD? aus;Zl;yJ}
wu,fawmh pdefaMumif ajymcJhwmawG wpfcrk Sr[kwf/ xku d m;rSm
wu,fyif pkwfcsmaom um;omjzpf\/
tzdef;tkyfpkonfvnf; 'DavmufnHhvSonf r[kwf/ olwkdYvnf;
zsHawGyJ/ okY&d mwGif ½kww f &ufqdak wmh rcHcsifpdwjf zifh pdefaMumifajymwm
,Ho k Gm;onf/
jzpfEkdifavmufp&muvnf; &Sdaeonf/ rGww f m;tkypf konf enf;enf;
vlvnfuswm trSef/ NyD;cJhaom wpfyGJwkef;uvnf; enf;enf; vkyfxm;zl;
!
SK
onf/ 'gudk tzdef;tkyfpku rausrvnfjzpfaeonfh tcHuav;u &Sdonf/ RI
xkYad Mumifh 'Dwpfcgvnf; pdefaMumifajymwm rSefEkdifonf[k ,Ho k Gm;jcif;
N
W
jzpf\/
rO
pdefaMumifvyk fvdu k yf Hkuvnf; ydkifonf/ yg;pyfzGmNyD; ajymvkdufrdyHkrsdK;

ou
ty
jzpfatmif vkyfonf/ olYudk,fol rtlrvnfyHk zrf;onf/ [ku d ar;awmh

ea
rajymcsifbl;? ajymvkdYrjzpfbl;? tpfudt k vkyfjyKwfvdrfhr,f[k zHk;NyD; zGifhay;cJh

ll b
wi
onf/ tzdef;tkyfpk awG;onf/ pdefaMumifhtpfuo kd nf XmerS rufuif;epf

ok
jzpfaumif;jzpfrnf/ rGww f m;tkyfpku olESifhaygif;NyD; um;ypön;f tpdwf

bo
his
tydkif;awG vJxnfw h m jzpf&rnf/

ft
wu,fawmh pdefaMumifhrSm tpfukv d nf;r&Sd/ b,f rufuif;epfESifh

eo
us
rSvnf; rod/ avmhwfeHygwfckepfukd rGww f m;tkypf k ,lrnf[k em;pGefem;zsm;

ial
erc
Mum;&mrS olYbmom vkyfBuHZmwfvrf;wpfck qifvdu k jf cif;om jzpf\/

mm
Co
133
bmyJjzpfjzpf pdefaMumif atmifjrifonf/ avmhwef Hygwfckepfukd avvH
wifaomtcg oabmwlnDcsuftwkdif; tzdef;tkyfpk [efjyavmuf
vku d f&rnft h pm; wu,f oJBuD;rJBuD; NydKifqJGavawmhonf/ rGww f m;tkypf k
uvnf; tzdef;wkdY opömazmufNyD[k wGufvkdufonf/
trSeftm;jzifh olwkdYvkdvlawGtzkdY um;wpfpD;onf bmrS ta&;rBuD;/
vufvw G fvkdYvnf; bmrS raxmif;wmvS/ tvGefqk;H wefrS ckepfaomif;
&Spfaomif;/ 'DaiGavmufu olwkdYtzkdY tpGef;xGuaf vmufom oabmxm;
Muonf/
okY&d mwGif wzuftkyfpku ausmwmudkawmh rcHEkdif/ xkdtcg avvHyGJ
awGrSm wpfcgwpfcg jzpfavh&Sdonft h wkid f; t½HI;tjrwfudk rMunfhawmhbJ
rcHcsifpdwfjzifh tNydKiftqkdif aps;jr§ifhay;Muavawmhonf/ odkYjzifh bmrS
rwefaom um;pkww f pfp;D rSm rBuHKzl;atmif aps;jrifo h Gm;NyD; wpfoed f;ausmf
oGm;avawmhonf/
bmyJjzpfjzpf pdefaMumifh aus;Zl;aMumifh oufqdik f&mXmerS 0ifaiG
ydk&vku d fonfuawmh trSefyif/ pdefaMumifonfvnf; aiGESpf&m tacsmif
&vku d fojzifh uRefawmfhudk bD,mwku d f&if; xkdtaMumif; ajymjyoGm;onf/
pdefaMumif &cdkifjynfe,fbuf c&D;xGuo f Gm;aMumif; od&onf/
jyefvmNyD;aemufwiG f abmfw,fukvm;awGESifh vHk;aewm awGU&jyef\/
!
SK
'Daumif bmBuHjyefNyDv[ J k awG;Munfo h nf/ qufpyfMunfv h Ykd r&/
RI
puúLwkdY? ykvif;wkdY? oHwkdoHp? ow¬K? yvwfpwpf ponfwUkd ESifh ywfouf
N
W
aeonf/ 'gawmh [kwfNyD/ 'gawGeJY &ckdifjynfe,feJY bmqkid fovJ/ olu Y kd

rO
ar;Munfah wmh . . .
ou
ty
]ig b*Fvm;a'h&Sfudk puúLykdYrvk}dY [k ajym\/ uRefawmfu [m;onf/

ea
]vmvkyfraeeJY? igwkdYuawmif b*Fvm;a'h&Sfuae puúL rSmae&wm?

ll b
wi
'Duae jyefydkY&w,fqdw k m [moyJ}

ok
]wu,fajymwm? ig owif;wpfck &xm;vkdY? b*Fvm;a'h&Sfu

bo
his
puúLpuf½HkawGrSm ukefMurf;jywfaew,fwh?J tJ'gaMumifh igu puúLjzwfp

ft
awG? owif;pmpuúL ta[mif;awG ydócsdefeJY 0,fNyD; b*Fvm;a'h&Sfbuf

eo
us
ykrdY vkdU? 'gaMumifh &ckdifbufwufNyD; tquftoG,f &Smwmaygh? tqifajy

ial
erc
w,f a[haumif? ig wGufNyD;NyD? 'Du ykdYwJhtcgrSmawmh tjrwfodyfrusef

mm
Co
134
bl;? 'gayr,fh [ku d aq;awG? txnfa[mif;awG 0,fNyD; jyefoGif;&if
awmfawmfwGufajcudu k fw,f}
]awmfawmf [kwfwhJaumif? puúLxGuw f Jh EkdifiHukd puúLydkYwm
rif;wpfa,mufyJ &Sdao;w,f}
]OD;aESmufoHk;wwfzkdY vkw d ,fuG? pD;yGm;a&; vkyfwhaJ e&mrSm olrsm;
rjrifwhJ ½IaxmifhuMunfw h wfzkdY vkw d ,f? wpfcsdKUu tao;tzGJyJqdNk yD;
txifao;wwfMuw,f? tJ'grSm;w,f? wu,ftjrwf&wm tao;tzGJyJ
qkNd yD; vlawG ausmfvmT ;oGm;wwfwhJ tvkyfrsdK;yJu?G rif; xGef;atmif
odw,fr[kwfvm;}
]pl0uf udk ajymwm r[kwfvm;}
]at; . . 'Dw½kwf bmvkyfaew,f rSwv f J? a½Tig;wkdY Muufwla½G;wkdY
arG;NyD; a&mif;pm;aew,f? 'Daumifh 0ifaiG wpfvudk wpfaomif;ausmfw,f?
aemufNyD; ukvm;av; umpdef odw,f r[kwfvm;? 'Daumifusawmh puúL?
ykvif;? yvwfpwpfawG aumufwJh 'kdif zGifhxm;w,f? olq Y ikd fMunfh&if
bmrS txifBuD;p&m r&Sdbl;? ta[mif;tjrif; tpkwt f jywfawGcsnf;yJ?
'gayr,fh 'Daumifu qkdifu,f 0,fpD;aeNyD}
]'Dawmh . . . rif;vJ puúL? ykvif; at;*sifh zGifhawmhr,faygh}
]at; . . . a&&Snv f kyfrSmawmh r[kwfb;l ? ck &ufydkif;twGif;
!
SK
awmfawmfrsm;rsm; vkyfp&m&Sdw,f} RI
xkYad emufydkif; umpdefESifh pdefaMumif wyl;wGJwGJ jzpfaeMujyef\/
N
W
umpdefrSwqifh &efukefNrdKU&Sd tjcm;puúL? ykvif;qkdifrsm;rS puúLa[mif;rSef

rO
orQ odrf;usHK;0,fonf/ udak cgif;BuD;uvnf; puúLjzwfpawG vku d f

ou
ty
aumufay;onf/ rEÅav;&Sd olv Y lcHqDokdYvnf; taMumif;Mum;onf/

ea
rEÅav;rS &orQ wifydkY&ef/

ll b
wi
xkrd Qruao;/ yJcl;? jynf? rauG;? rdwDv ¬ m tp&Sdaom NrdKUrsm;odkY

ok
udkacgif;BuD;ESifh pdefaMumifwkdY wm0efcGJí wufomG ;Muonf/ xkNd rdKUrsm;&Sd

bo
his
abmfw,fuv k m;rsm;ESifh qufo, G fNyD; puúLa[mif;awG ydómcsdefESifh

ft
odrf;usHK;0,fMuonf/ ukefum;BuD;awG iSm;NyD; &efukefukd jyefykdYonf/

eo
us
&efuek fwGif BuD;rm;aom *dka'gifBuD; wpfvk;H iSm;í 0,f&orQ puúLtpkwf

ial
erc
awGudk avSmifxm;onf/
mm
Co
135
'gpuúLjyefvyk fzkdY ukefMurf;toGif odak vSmifjcif; jzpfaMumif;udk
uRefawmf odonf/ 'Davmuf trsm;BuD;udk b,fvkdydkYrvJ qkw d mawmh
awG;vkYrd &/
]rif; 'gawGudk b,fvdyk dkYrvJ}
]b,fudk ykdY&rSmvJ}
]b*Fvm;ydkYrvkYd r[kwfvm;}
]r[kwfb;l uG? 'DrSm oHk;rSm}
]b,fvdk . . 'DrSm}
][kwfw,fu?G ig wGufMunfhNyD;NyD? b*Fvm;a'h&SfrSm ukefMurf;jywfvkdY
puúLaps;awG wufvrd fhr,f? 'gqkdavQmhrSm&awmhr,f? aemfa0u puúLudkvJ
odyfrSmEkdifrSm r[kwfb;l ? o,f,yl dkYaqmifp&dwf odyfBuD;w,f? 'Dawmh igwkdY
qDrSm puúLjywfaeNyD? jynfwGif;jzpfpuúLawG oH;k Mu&awmhr,f? tckqd&k if
qifajczH;k a'oawGrSm puúLpufawG tvQKdvQKd wnfaeMuNyD? 'DpufawG
vnfzkdY ukefMurf;vkdr,f? 0g;uae aysmhzwfvyk fNyD; BudwfwJh tqifhrsdK;
vkyfzkdY rvG,fb;l ? puúLudkyJ ukefMurf;jyefvkyf&r,f? 'Dwpfcg oH;k NyD;om;
puúLta[mif; tpkwaf wGudk tvkt,uf 0,fMuvdrfhr,f? 'Dawmh puúL
ta[mif;awG aps;wufwht J cgusrS igavSmifxm;wmawG xkwfa&mif;r,f?
trIdufuae a½Tjzpfw,fqdw k m 'grsdK;aygh}
!
SK
olwY Gufued f; rSefonf/ puúLta[mif;tpkwf wpfydóm ESpfusyf RI
oH;k usyf aps;uae wpfq,ftxd xk;d wufomG ;onf/ e,fawGudk qif;0,f
N
W
&onfh c&D;p&dwf? ukefum;BuD;awGiSm;? *kda'gifiSm;cawGyg pkdux f kwfNyD;

rO
pGefYpGefYpm;pm; tukeftuscH&orQ ausonfhtjyif odef;ESihfcsDNyD; tjrwf

ou
ty
&vku d o f nf/ pdefaMumifhtzkdY wpfuu G faumif; tcsDBuD; rdomG ;jcif;yif

ea
jzpf\/
ll b
wi
'Dpdwuf l;rsdK;udk olrsm;awGvnf; &Muonf/ okYd&mwGif olrsm;u

ok
pdwu f l;aewkef; pdefaMumifu csufcsif; xvkyfcJhojzifh wpfywfq,f&uf

bo
his
avmuf OD;NyD; olu ykdpm;vkduf&jcif; jzpfavonf/

ft
eo
us
_______
ial
erc
mm
Co
136
tjrwf&&Sdaom aiGrsm;udk &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI wpfcck k vkyfrnf[k pdwuf l;
onf/ tvkyfxrJ Sm aiG&if;xnf&h wm tjrwfawmh rsm;rsm;&onf/
okY&d mwGif rawmfwq vGJacsmfoGm;rSm pkd;&onf/ NyD;awmh olrY Sm tvkyfawG
tawmfrsm;rsm; vkyfvufp &Sdaeonf/ pdwcf svufcs xm;vkdYvnf;r&/
olvnf; bmrSvyk fp&mrvkdbJ tjrwf&Ekdifrnfh udpöawG pOf;pm;onf/
olrsm;vkyfief;awGrSmawmh &S,f,m rxnfhcsif/
oli,fcsif;jzpfol eef;MuifqDrSm av;bD;tiSm;um; wpfpD;&Sd\/
eef;Muifu olYtdrfjyifcsifaomaMumifh aiGvkdaeonf/ olYum;udk pay:ESihf
iSm;rnf[k qkd\/
pdefaMumifu pay: ESpfaomif;ay;NyD; iSm;vku d fonf/ NyD;awmh eef;Muif
udyk J jyefarmif;ckdif;onf/ eef;MuifwdYtk arudk wpfaeY&Spfq,f ay;&onf/
ykdwmudk pdefaMumifESifh eef;MuifwdYk w0ufpD cGJ,lMuonf/
eef;Muifu tvkyfBudK;pm;oljzpfí wpfaeYvQif wpfa,muf av;ig;
!
SK
q,fpD &Muonf/ eef;Muiftaejzifh uk, d fhum;udk,f armif;jcif; jzpfaom
RI
aMumifh ñSmñSmwmwm armif;onf/ um;rematmif owdxm;onf/
N
W
xkYad Mumifh um;ysufjcif;? ypönf;vJ&jcif;wkdY odyfr&Sd/

rO
]'Daumif odyfvnfw,fuG? aoaocsmcsm wGufMunfhawmhrS 'Daumifh

ou
ty
qDu wpf&mudk ckESpfusyfwd;k eJY aiGacs;&ovkd jzpfoGm;wmayghuGm?

ea
oli,fcsif; tcsif;csif;qkdawmh twk;d eJY acs;w,fqdk&if vlMum;vkdY raumif;

ll b
wi
bl;aygh? ckvdk tvkyfpyfwlvkyfwhJ oabmusawmh ajymp&m rjzpfawmh

ok
bl;av}
bo
his
[k eef;Muifu uRefawmfhudk ajymonf/

ft
uRefawmfwkdYem;rSm ajruGufa&mif;zkdY&Sdw,f Mum;vkYdqkdNyD; ola&mufvm

eo
us
onf/ uRefawmfhukd vdkufjycdkif;onf/

ial
erc
oluY kd OD;aqmifac:oGm;&if; uRefawmfu . . .

mm
Co
137
]tJ'D ajruGuf[m tysdKBuD; nDtpfrESpfa,muf ydkifwmuG? cufwmu
tJ'Dnt D pfr ESpfa,mufu rwnfhbl;? ajruGufukd tv,fu NcHpnf;½kd;
umNyD; wpf0ufpD cGJ,lxm;Muwm? tdrfwpfvk;H pD aqmufNyD; aeMuw,f}
]tck a&mif;rSmu b,ftuGufvJ}
]ESpfuGufpvH;k yJ? jzpfyHku 'DvkduG}
]NcHpnf;½kd; tv,fwnfhwnfhwGif o&ufyifwpfyif&Sd\/ xko d &ufyif
aMumifh tNrJ jyóem wuf&onf/ o&ufoD; oD;csdefqdv k Qif tyifudk
olykdifigykdif jiif;&if;&efjzpfMuonf/ o&ufoD; tcsdefukefNyDqdkawmh nnf;
tyifu o&uf½Guaf wG ighNcHxu J sw,f? trdIuf½Iyfw,f/ tvkdawmf?
[kw d kef;uawmh 'Dtyif nnf;ydkifwmygqkd ponfjzifh pum;rsm;Mujyef\/
]'Dvdek JY tBuD;r tysdKBuD;u 'DaumifrrsufESm aeYwkdif;jrifae&wm
Mum&if toufwkdr,fqkdNyD; olYajruGufa&mif;r,f vkyfa&m? 'DrSm ti,fr
uvJ tm;usrcH olYajruGufvJ a&mif;r,f jzpfvmwmygyJ? rif;BudKufwJh
tuGuf Munfah ygh}
]rif; ajymjywm pdw0f ifpm;p&myJ? 'gudk toH;k csEkdif&if tusdK;&Sdr,fuG?
rif; pOf;pm;Munf?h ypön;f u wpfckwnf;? vkdcsifwJh olawGu rsm;ae&if
bmvkyf&ovJ}
]rJEIduf&wmayghuGm}
!
SK
]b,fuvm [kwf&rSmvJ? wpfa,mufeJY wpfa,muf tNydKiftqdkif RI
aps;ydkay;&wmuG? ck[musawmh ypön;f u ESpfck&Sdw,f? 0,fcsifwhv J u l
N
W
wpfa,mufwnf;? 'Dawmh a&mif;csifwhv J al wGu tNydKiftqkid f aps;avQmhay;

rO
&rSmaygh? 'Dvdkjzpfatmif vkyf&r,f}

ou
ty
ol OD;aESmufpm;awmhrnfjzpfaMumif; odvdu k f&\/

ea
[kwfvnf; [kwfonf/ yxrOD;pGm tBuD;rtysdKBuD;qD 0if\/

ll b
wi
NcHa&mif;r,fqkdvdYk [k ar;aomtcg . .
ok
]a&mif;r,f}
bo
his
]b,favmufvJ}
ft
]oH;k aomif;cGJ}
eo
us
]rrsm;bl;vm;? tefw&D ,f? [kb d ufNcHuawmif oH;k aomif;yJ ac:wm

ial
erc
yg}
mm
Co
138
]bm [kdbufNcH? olu a&mif;rvkYw d hv
J m;}
][kwfuhcJ ifAs? oHk;aomif;vkdY ajymw,f}
]tkd . . . olUNcHu aumif;rS raumif;bJ? ajru edrfhavQmBuD;?
oD;yifpm;yifvnf; rpHkbl;? tefwhND cHu tkef;yif? o&uf? ydEéJ? rmvum
pHkaewmyJ}
][kwfygw,f? uRefawmfuvJ tefwhND cHudo k m BudKufw,f? 'gaMumifh
vJ [db k ufrSm pum;rvGefao;bJ vmwmaygh? 'gayr,fh oH;k cGJawmh
uRefawmf rEdkifb;l tefwD&JU? [kb d ufu oH;k aomif;qkw d m ac:aps;yJ
&Sdao;w,f? tavQmhtwif; &SdEkdifao;w,f}
]tkd . . [kb d ufu ajrMurf;BuD;udk pdwu f l;xJ xnfhraeprf;ygeJY?
tefwDhNcHvdck sif&if oHk;q,fo h Hk;eJY,l}
]uRefawmfu oH;k xdyJ wwfEkdifwm}
]uJ . . uJ}
'DvdEk Sifh oH;k aomif;ESihf ta&mif;t0,f wnfhonf/ pdefaMumifu
p&efig;axmifay;NyD; tydkifcsnfxm;cJh\/ NyD;awmh ti,frtysdKBuD; NcHudk
quf0ifonf/
xktd ysdKBuD;uvnf; olYtpfrNcH oHk;aomif;cGJac:xm;wm Mum;NyD;jzpfí
olvnf; 'Dtwkdif;ac:xm;onf/ pdefaMumifuvnf; tBuD;rqDrSm
!
SK
ajymcJhonfhtwkdif; ajymonf/ RI
]tvkdawmf . . . olUNcHu bmrufp&m&SdvJ? ajrcsif;wlw?l tdrfusawmh
N
W
olt Y drfu opf½kdif;awG a&maESmNyD; aqmufxm;wm? tefwt Dh drfu uRef;eJU

rO
ysOf;uwkd;csnf;yJ}
ou
ty
][kwfygw,f? uRefawmfvnf; tdrfukd jrifuwnf;u BudKufNyD;om;yg?

ea
'gayr,fh uRefawmfhrSm oH;k aomif;jynfhatmif &Sdwmr[kwfbl;? [kb d ufu

ll b
wi
oH;k eJY ay;r,fqkdawmh}

ok
]olNY cH oHk;ay;rvm; ighwl&JU? tefwhND cH,jl zpfr,f qkd&if . . . }

bo
his
þenf;tm;jzifh ESpfNcHpvH;k udk oH;k aomif;pDESifh 0,fjzpfomG ;awmhonf/

ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
139
tcef; ( 16 )
pdefaMumifwdYt
k drfbuf ra&mufwm MumoGm;ojzifh 'Daumif bmawG
rsm; vkyfaeovJ[k odcsifvm\/ xkYad Mumifh olwkdYtdrfbuf xGufvmcJh
onf/ tdrfx0J ifvkduaf omtcg olt Y az OD;at;armifu pdefaMumifhukd
qlaewm awGU&\/
pdefaMumifu uRefawmfhudkawGUawmh 0rf;omoGm;onf/ uRefawmf
a&mufvmojzifh olYtaz tm½Hkajymif;NyD; tql&yfoGm;rnf[k arQmfvifhyHk
!
SK
&\/ RI
]vm . . ÓPfBuD;? xkdifumG }
N
W
[k c&D;OD;BudKNyD; cHkqGJay;onf/ okdY&mwGif tbkd;BuD;u . .

rO
]tawmfyJu?G rif;vJ em;axmif? 'DaumifhvkyfyHk aumif;ovm;?

ou
ty
raumif;bl;vm; qkdwm qHk;jzwfprf;}

ea
pdefaMumifonf olYtBuH ratmifojzifh rsufESmi,fav;ESifh jyefjzpf

ll b
wi
oGm;\/ tbkd;BuD;u uRefawmfhudk ar;onf/

ok
]'Daumif bmawGvyk faew,fqw kd m rif;udk ajymao;vm;}

bo
his
]uRefawmfwdYk rawGUwm enf;enf;MumoGm;NyD OD;av;? 'gaMumifh

ft
uRefawmf rodbl;}
eo
us
]at; . . . rod&ifajymjyr,f? 'Daumif puf½Hkwpfckukd ukefMurf;oGif;zkdY

ial
erc
wif'gwpfck&wm rif;odvm;}
mm
Co
140
]rodbl;cifAs}
]at; . . rod&if ajymjyr,f? 'Daumifu tJ'Dvdk ukefMurf;awG
oGif;wJhtcgrSm bmvkyfw,frSwo f vJ? ukefMurf;awGudk owfrSwx f m;wJh
t&nftaoG;twkdif; rvkyfbl;? pHcsdefrrD t&nftaoG; nHhwmawG
oGif;w,f? 'gvkyfaumif;ovm;}
uRefawmfu rajymbJ aeojzifh . . .
]ajymyguG}
]rvkyfaumif;ygbl; OD;av;}
pdefaMumifu pm;yGJatmufrSaeí uRefawmfh ajcaxmufukd uefonf/
tbkd;BuD;u qufí . . .
]rvkyfaumif;wmudk 'Daumifvkyfw,f? rif;wkdYtjrifrSmawmh ukefMurf;
t&nftaoG; raumif;&if ukefacsmrSmyg nHhoGm;r,f qkw d mavmufyJ
jrifr,f? 'gwpfcsufyJ &Sdao;w,f? aemufwpfqifh xyfajymjyr,f?
tusifhysuf 0efxrf;tcsKdUu tJh'Dt&nftaoG;nHhwJh ukefMurf;udkyJ tjynfh
t0roH;k bJ tjyifukd jyefxkwfa&mif;Muao;w,f? tJ'Dxw k fa&mif;wmudk
b,fou l 0,fw,fxifovJ}
uRefawmfu rodbl; qkdonfhoabm acgif;cgjyonf/
]b,fol &SdOD;rvJ? 'DaumifuyJ avQmhaps;eJY jyef0,fwmaygh}
!
SK
uRefawmf pdefaMumifhukd vSnhMf unfhawmh olu oGm;NzJjy\/ RI
]0,fw,fqkdwmu oabmtjzpf ajymwmaemf? ypön;f udk wu,fjyef
N
W
,lwm r[kwfb;l ? b,favmuf 0,fw,fqkdNyD; olu ykdufqHay;vkduw f m?

rO
NyD;awmh tJ'Dta&twGuftwkdif; puf½Hkudk jyefoiG f;w,fqNkd yD; pm&if;ajymif;

ou
ty
vku d ½f HkyJ? avQmhaps;eJY0,fNyD; yHkrSefaps;eJY jyefoiG f;NyD; tjrwf,lwhJoabm?

ea
'ghtjyif ypön;f udk o,fydkYp&m rvkad wmh um;cvJ oufomoGm;ao;w,f?

ll b
wi
'Dawmh b,folu emovJ}

ok
]puf½Hku emwmaygh}
bo
his
]r[kwfb;l ? ukefMurf;udk tjynft h 0 roH;k wJhtwGuf t&nftaoG;

ft
rrDwhJ ypön;f awG xGufvmw,f? 'Dawmh ukefypön;f &Sm;yg;NyD; tjyifrSm

eo
us
aps;awG wufukefa&m? [kwfw,f r[kwfvm;}

ial
erc
][kwfygw,f}
mm
Co
141
]rif; pOf;pm;Munfhprf;? vlxkrSm b,favmuf epfemovJ? t&nf
taoG;nHw h Jh ukefMurf;udk aps;wifNyD;oGif;awmh wpfcgepfemw,f? 'gudkyJ
tjynft h 0roH;k vkdY ESpfcgepfemw,f? tjyifrSmaps;BuD;ay;0,foHk;&vkYd oHk;cg
epfemw,f? ypön;f uvJ t&nftaoG;pHcsdefrrDvdYk av;cg epfemw,f? uJ
r[kwfvm;}
][kwfygw,f . . OD;av;}
]'gaMumifh 'Daumifhudk igqlaewm? ud, k fu wpfusyfwefypön;f udk
ig;rwfeJYa&mif;NyD; tjrwf,lwmrsdK; igvufcHEkdifw,f? wpfusyfwefypön;f
udk wpfrwftjrwf,lygw,fqNkd yD; wu,fwef;usawmh oH;k rwfwefyJ
ay;wmrsdK;usawmh tjrwfBuD; pm;wmuG}
]uRefawmf ajymyg&apOD;}
qkNd yD; wpfcsdefvHk; 0ifrajymbJaeaom pdefaMumif pum;ponf/
]olrsm;awGvnf; 'DvkdyJ vkyfaeMuwmyJ taz&}
]olrsm;vkyfayr,fh rif;rvkyf&bl;uG? ud, k Ofh D;aESmufoHk;NyD; ½kd;½kd;tjrwf
pm;wmudk igauseyfw,f? ckvdk uvdefuuspfvkyfNyD; &wJah iGusawmh ig
rowDb;l }
]tazu tJh'gcufwmyJ? uRefawmf rvkyfawmha&m bmxl;ovJ?
uRefawmfhtpm; wjcm;vlwpfa,mufu 0ifvkyfomG ;rSmaygh? uRefawmf
!
SK
ydkufqrH &vkdufwmyJ &Sdr,f} RI
]olrsm;vkyfwmawmh ig rwwfEdkifb;l ? rif; rvkyfzkdYom igajymwm}
N
W
]'Dvd&k Sdw,f taz&? uRefawmfu awmfao;w,f? olrsm;awGvkyf&if

rO
uRefawmfhxufqd;k w,f? 'Dawmh uRefawmf 0ifvyk fwhJ twGuf enf;enf;

ou
ty
ykdoufomoGm;w,fvdYk rqkdEkdifb;l vm;? tazajymovkdyJ uRefawmfu

ea
oH;k rwfwefay;w,f? olrsm;qk&d if jym;ajcmufq,fwefavmufyJ ay;rSm?

ll b
wi
uRefawmfhudkawmif aus;Zl;wifzkdY aumif;ao;w,f}

ok
oltY azu rsufvHk;jyL;NyD; Munfhae\/ bmqufajym&rSef; rod jzpfae

bo
his
[efwlonf/
ft
wu,fawmh olYtazajymwm rSefonf/ uRefawmfhtaejzifh olYtaz

eo
us
pum;udk axmufcHcJhjcif;rSm 'Daumifhudk oufoufrcHcsifatmif paejcif;

ial
erc
r[kwf/ olvyk fyHkawGudk uRefawmfvnf; oabmrusaomaMumifhjzpf\/

mm
Co
142
ckaemufydkif;wGif pdefaMumif tawmf aomif;usef;vmonf/ t&ifu
qkvd Qif tyifyef;cH tvkyfvkyfjcif;? vmbfjrifjcif;? OD;aESmufudk toH;k jyK
jcif;wkjdY zifhom tjrwfaiGykd&atmif vkyfonf/ rw&m; vkyfavhr&Sd/
ckaemufydkif;usawmh ynmu pHkvmonf/ aiGtacsmif&onfh enf;vrf;
awG odvmonf/ vkyftm;udk &if;wmxuf aiGuk&d if;wmu tjrwfykdusef
aMumif; wGuw f wfvmonf/
okY&d mwGif ½kd;½kd; vkyfwwfukdifwwfaom vkyfief;&Sif wpfa,mufvkd
aiGrsm;rsm;&if;NyD; oifhwifhaom tjrwfudk ,ljcif;rsdK;r[kwf/ aiGenf;enf;
&if;NyD; tjrwfrsm;rsm; vkdcsifjcif;jzpf\/
xkYad Mumifh tBuHtzefrsdK;pHkudk oH;k vm\/ avmbaZmwufvmojzifh
pnf;rapmifhcsifawmh/ b,fvv kd lrsdK;udk vSD;&rnf/ rnfoYakd om vlrsdK;udk
a&Smif&rnf[lí rcGJjcm;awmh/ tcsif;csif;udkyif vSD;csif &dwfcsifvmonf/
'gukd olt Y azu vH;k 0rBudKuf/ okY&d mwGif olYvufolYajcjzifh
atmifjrifrI&aeaom pdefaMumifhukd rxdef;csKyfEdkifawmh/
]rif;wkdY oli,fcsif;udkvJ Munfah jymOD;}
[k uRefawmfwkdYudk ppfual c:onf/
okY&d mwGif pdefaMumifum; oli,fcsif;awG pum;udv k nf; em;r0if
awmh/ oli,fcsif;awGu olYavmufrwwf/ olaY vmufrawmf [k xifvm
!
SK
onf/ oli,fcsif;awG pD;yGm;a&; tqifrajywm? tvkyftudkif tayguf RI
tvrf; rwnfhwmawGrSm nHzh sif;vkdY? tvkyfukd vufaMumwif;atmif
N
W
rvkyfcsifvdYk [k olu,lqonf/
rO
ykdqkd;wmu olonf b0ifukid fwwf vmjcif;yifjzpf\/ ol\

ou
ty
pD;yGm;a&; aomif;usef;rIrsm;udk ½Iwfcsajymqkdaom oli,fcsif;rsm;udk tzuf

ea
rwefovkd qufqHcsifvmonf/
ll b
wi
olonf bwfpfum;udk vH;k 0rpD;awmh/ oliSm;xm;aom eef;Muif\

ok
um;udkom pD;onf/ aemufawmh eef;MuifESifhvnf; rajyrvnf jzpfvm

bo
his
onf/ eef;Muifu ydkufqHacs;iSm;NyD; pdefaMumifhqDu ,lxm;onfh pay:

ft
jyeftrf;vku d fonf/ 'DaumifESifh tvkyfqufvyk fvkdY rjzpfEkdifawmhaMumif;udk

eo
us
eef;Muifu ajymonf/
ial
erc
mm
Co
143
]'Daumif wjznf;jznf; tcsdK;ajymif;vmwmuG? ighudk oli,fcsif;vkd
rqufqHbJ olt Y vkyform;? olY'½kdifbmvkd qufqv H mw,f? puúLxkyfawG
bmawG wifp&mcsp&m&Sd&if igu o,f&w,f? 'Daumifu tcefYom;
&yfMunfah ewmyJ? aemufNyD; wpfcgwpfav {nfhonfawGbmawG ygvmvkdY
vufzuf&nf qif;aomufwt Jh cg ighudk rac:awmhbl;? '½kdifbmrkdY
ac:p&mrvkb d l; qkdwJh taygufrsdK;aygh . . .
xm;ygawmh . . 'gudk igonf;cHEkdifygw,f? igrBudKufwmu um;eJY
oGm;wkef; oli,fcsif;rdwfaqG wpfa,mufa,muf bwfpfum;rSww f kdifrSm
apmifhaewmawGU&if rjrifcsifa,mif aqmifwwfw,fuG? 'grSr[kwfvJ
um;ay:uae rdefYrdefYBuD;NyHK;NyD; vufjy½HkavmufyJ? wu,fq&kd if um;&yfNyD;
b,fomG ;rvkYv d J ar;? vrf;BuHK&if wifac:oGm;oifhwmyJ? 'gudk 'Daumifu
rBudKufbl;uG? ½Iyw f ,f bmnm ajymvmw,f? 'Daumifh aomufcsdK;awG
rBudKufwmeJY olYpay: jyeftrf;NyD; 'DaumifeJY tqufjzwfvu kd fwmyJ}
eef;Muifvkdyif wjcm; oli,fcsif;awGuvnf; ajymMuonf/ qif;&J
onfh oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufu aiGomG ;acs;&mwGif rif;wkYdvkd vufaMum
wif;atmif rvkyfcsifwaJh umifawG wpfoufvHk; vlarG;awmif ajymifrSm
r[kwfb;l [k ajymvTwfvdu k fonf[k qko d nf/ aemufwpfa,mufusawmh
tusÐcyfpkwpf kwf 0wfxm;wm MunfhNyD; rif;tusÐ cRwfxm;cJhuGm?
!
SK
ighpufow k fp&m t0wfpkwfr&SdvkdY [k ajymonfwJh/ RI
i,fi,fu bwfpfum; ig;jym;vrf;udk tNrJckd;pD;onf/ py,f,m
N
W
rjrifatmif vlMum;xJ 0ifykef;aewwfonf/ py,f,mrdomG ;í em;&if;

rO
ttkyfcH&wmvnf; tBudrfBudrf/ ckawmh zefrvD,mum;ay:u rqif;awmh/

ou
ty
'Dum;uvnf; pay:wifNyD; iSm;xm;jcif; jzpf\/ olvnf;pD;?

ea
y&kdufAdwfwufpD tjzpfvnf;qG?J "mwfqv D nf; xkwfa&mif; qko d vkd

ll b
wi
toHk;jyKaejcif;yif/ olYtaejzifh um;0,fpD;rnf qkdvQif pD;Edkifonf/

ok
tjrwfcGefudk aMumufí r0,fao;jcif;jzpf\/

bo
his
i,fi,fu qHyifñSyfvQif q,fjym;oufomatmif EkdYukvm;awG

ft
ñSyfonfh jym;av;q,fqkdifrSm ñSyfonf/ ckusawmh tat;cef; *&dwq f Ho

eo
us
uvGJvQif rñSyfb;l [k qkdvmonf/

ial
erc
mm
Co
144
t&if av;ydkif; pyfxm;aom (uRefawmfwdYktac: av;uGufusm;)
pGyfus,f 0wfcJholu tck oH;k av;&mwef pydkY&Syf cg;urcsawmh/ tdrfae&if;
rSmyifvQif tif'D;,m;pGyfus,f tacsmpm;rS 0wfonf/ ykkqkd;qkdvQifvnf;
c½kyavuwf tppfrS/
&mbmzdeyfNrD;wk?d okYdr[kwf atmufajctpm; oufomatmif oHrI½d kduf
xm;aom cHkzdeyfpD;cJhou l ckusawmh uwåDygzdeyfukd oJBudK;enf;enf;
yGef;vQif olYpuform;udk ay;ypfvdu k o
f nf[k qkdvm\/
olbY mom ydkufqH&SdvmvkdY taetxkid f ajymif;vmwmudk bmrSajymp&m
r&Sdaomfvnf; oli,fcsif;awGtay: cyfausmausm qufqv H mwmudak wmh
onf;rcHEdkifMu/
pdefaMumifuvnf; 'gudk oabmrayguf/ olatmifjrifwm? oH;k pGJEkdif
wmudk remvkdvkdY[líyif pGyfpGJcsifvm\/ xkYdaMumifh oli,fcsif;awGESifh
wjznf;jznf; uif;uGmvmonf/ olYudk 0dkif;y,fxm;Muonf/
oluvnf; *½krpdkuf/
aemufqk;H uRefawmfESifh jyóemwufonf/ uRefawmfESifh ywfoufNyD;
pdefaMumifESifh odcJhaom rdwfaqGwpfa,mufESifh ywfouf\/ xkdrdwaf qGESifh
pdefaMumifwdYk tvkyfpyfwl vkyfMu\/ xko d lu aiGpdkufxkwf&onf/ trSef
awmh pdefaMumifonf olYrSm aiGtcuftcJjzpfaewkef; rdwaf qG\aiGudk
!
SK
vSnfhoHk;vkdufjcif;om jzpf\/ RI
xkkv
d yk fief;rSmvnf; wu,fvkyfjzpfovm;? rvkyfjzpfovm; rod/
N
W
aemufydkif;usawmh ½HI;w,fqNkd yD; [kv d lxnfx h m;onfh aiG oH;k aomif;rS

rO
ESpfaomif;om jyefay;onf/ xkrd dwaf qGu uRefawmfhudk vmajymojzihf

ou
ty
pdefaMumifhudk ar;Munfhonf/
ea
]at;avuGm? igvJ tqifajyr,fxifwm? uHrvku d fb;l yJ qkdMuygpkdU}

ll b
wi
]bmvkyfief;rkdYvJ}
ok
[k uRefawmfu ar;aomtcg . .
bo
his
]puúLayghuGm? tJ . . . puúLawG 0,favSmifwm qkdygawmh}

ft
uRefawmfhpdwx f J wpfrsdK;jzpfoGm;\/ qkyd gawmh [laom pum;u

eo
us
raocsm ra&&monfo h abm/ wjcm; olv Y kyfief;wpfckckrSm xnfhvu kd fwm

ial
erc
jzpfaumif;jzpfrnf/
mm
Co
145
]rif;vkyfwhtJ vkyfu ½HI;w,fqw kd m igawmh wpfcgrS rMum;zl;ao;bl;}
]bmvJ . . . rif;u ighudk r,Hv k Yvkd m;}
]bmyJjzpfjzpfav? pm&if;eJY wdwdusus vkyfoifhwmaygh}
]oluY dk igu jrwfygaphr,fvYkd tmrcHcJhwmrS r[kwfbJ? pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfw,fqdw k m ½HI;wJhtcgvnf; &SdwmyJ}
uRefawmfu puúL bmtrsdK;tpm;vJ? b,faps;eJY 0,fwmvJ? tck
b,faps;aygufaevkYv d ?J bmaMumifh t½HI;cH a&mif;&wmvJ ponfjzifh
ppfppfaygufayguf ar;aomtcg ol a'guefvmonf/
]pum;r&Snef JYuGm? olYaiGwpfaomif; igjyefay;r,f}
]b,fawmh ay;rvJ}
]'gawmh rajymEkdifb;l ? tqifajywJt h cg ay;r,f? 'grS rauseyfvJ
rwwfEkdifbl;? igu pdkufay;&rSm}
]rif;vm; aiGwpfaomif;udk pkdufay;r,fah umif? rif;toHk;vGefxm;&if
vGefxm;w,fajym? ckvdk vSnyfh wfraeeJY}
[k ajym&mutp pum;rsm;Muonf/ aemufawmh ckupd öeJY rqkid fonfh
taMumif;awGyg ygvmonf/ olu . . .
]rif;vkdaumifudk vHk;0 aomuf*½krpdkufb;l ? rif;0w¬Kwpfyk'f a&;vkdY&wJh
aiGu ighzdeyf wpf&efzkd;awmif r&Sdbl;}
!
SK
[k ajymojzihf uRefawmfu . . . RI
]Mo . . . [kwfvm;? rif;b,fwek f;u zdeyfppD;zl;wmvJ? rif;&JU
N
W
vuf0g;wHqyd f &mbmzdeyfNrD;wkdukd ighuwåDygzdeyfeJY vmvJoGm;wkef;urS

rO
rif;uwåDygzdeyf ppD;zlwmr[kwfvm;}
ou
ty
i,fusdK;i,femawG azmfNyD; &ifh&ifo h D;oD;ajymMuonf/ xkt d cgrSpí

ea
olESifh tqufjywfoGm;jcif;yifjzpf\/
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
_______
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
146
tcef; ( 17 )
pdefaMumifESifh tqufjywfaeojzifh olbmawGvkyfaerSef; rod&/

aemufydkif;usrS jyefo&d jcif;jzpf\/
olonf tuGufaumif;wpfck awGUxm;\/ tqifajyvQif tjrwf
tpGef; trsm;tjym;&rnfhudpö/ uefx½kdufvyk fief;wpfck jzpf\/ okY&d mwGif
uefx½kdufudk csay;Ekdifonfh XmetBuD;tuJu trsdK;orD;wpfOD; jzpfae
onf/
touf av;q,fausmfavmuf &Sdonfh tysdKBuD;wpfOD;/ ½kyfu
awmfawmfqd;k onf/ taygufvnf; qk;d onf/ pnf;urf;vnf; BuD;ojzihf
pdefaMumifhtzkdY 0ifrvG,fbJ jzpfae\/
!
SK
tvkyfupd ötwGuf qufq&H rnfholrSm rdef;rjzpfaevQif pdefaMumif RI
tvGefpdwn f pfonf/ rdef;rrsm;udk csOf;uyf&wm rvG,f/ a,musfm;awG
N
W
usawmh &Sif;onf/ bmBudKufwwfvJ ar;vkduf½Hkyif/

rO
rdef;rawGum; csOf;uyf&cufonf/ olwkdY bmBudKufovJ odzkdYrvG,f/

ou
ty
odw,fxm;OD;? ay;wmBudKufcsifrS BudKufonf/ wcsdKUu vufaqmif

ea
ay;wmudk apmfum;onf[k xifcsif xifwwfonf/ vufaqmif,w l wf

ll b
wi
onfw h ikd f tqifoifhcsifrS oifhonf/

ok
wpfcgu olBuHKzl;onf/ tif'kdeD;&Sm;ygwdwf BudKufw,fqkdí

bo
his
axmifausmfwef 0rf;qufwpftkyf 0,fay;onf/ r,lbJ jyefay;vkduf\/

ft
aemufrS od&onf/ aA'ifq&mu teDa&mift0wftxnf t0ifrcHESifh?

eo
us
touftEÅ&m,f&Sdonf[k a[mxm;vkdUwJ/h pdefaMumifay;onfh tpu

ial
erc
teDqifBuD; jzpfaeaomaMumifhyif/
mm
Co
147
ck[musawmh ydkqkd;onf/ tysdKBuD; jzpfaeonfhtjyif pnf;urf;
uvnf; BuD;ao;onf/ 0ifzkdYrvG,/f okYd&mwGif pdefaMumifu jrifwwf
onf/ xkt d rsdK;orD;BuD;\ pm;yGJay:rSm pdyfykw;D wpfu;Hk tNrJawGUwwf
ojzifh eHYomjzLykw;D wpfuk;H vufaqmif ay;Munfhonf/ tajctae
wk;d wufvm\/
aemufawmh 'Dvdrk def;rrsdK;BuD;awG BudKufwwfaom vdyfcGHbD; tppf
&SmNyD;ay;onf/ ol uyfaygif;xm;aom pma&;rav;\ owif;ay;csuft&
'udP © omcg bk&m;wpfql xkay;vkduo f nf/
pdefaMumifhtay: qufqHa&; aysmhajymif;vm\/ okY&d mwGif olvkdcsif
onfh tcGifhta&;awmh r&ao;/ xkYad Mumifh wpfrsdK; xyfBuHonf/ tysdKBuD;
udk twGJ&Smay;zkdYyif jzpf\/
olESifh vkyfazmfukid fzuf t&m&Sd vlysdKBuD;wpfa,muf &Sdonf/ rdef;rawG
udk pdwrf 0ifpm;vkYd vlysdKBuD;vkyfaejcif; r[kwfaMumif; olaumif;aumif;
odonf/ vlysdKBuD;udk tysdKBuD;taMumif; pum;pyfMunfhonf/ pdw0f ifpm;
[efjy\/
okYEd Sihf wpf&ufwGif taMumif;wpfck&SmNyD; tysdKBuD;\ ½Hk;okdY ac:oGm;
onf/ tjyefusawmh b,fvkd oabm&ovJ ar;Munfh\/ vlysdKBuD;u
½HIU½HIUrJhrJh ajymonf/
!
SK
]cifAsm;ES,Af sm? 'Davmuf t½kyfqd;k wmBuD;udrk sm; usKyfeJY atmifo,
RI G f
ay;zkdY pdwu f l;&ufyavw,f? olYtcef;0u pm;yGJu pma&;rav;qkd
N
W
[kwfao;w,f}
rO
atay;BuD; . . awmfawmfBudKufwwfw,f [k pdefaMumif pdwx f Ju

ou
ty
ajymrd\/ aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;MunfhvQif [kwaf wmhvnf; [kwfom;/

ea
'Dvdk ½kyfqd;k qkd;BuD;ukd b,folu BudKufcsifrvJ/ 'Dvdpk Of;pm;rdawmh

ll b
wi
olaY cgif;xJ zswfceJ wpfcsuf vufomG ;\/

ok
'Drdef;rBuD; tysdKBuD;jzpfaewm tmoa0gukefcrf;aevkdY rjzpfEkdif/

bo
his
t½kyfqd;k vkdY BudKufr,fv h l r&SdwmyJ jzpf&rnf/ ckaecg olu Y dk BudKufr,fvh l

ft
&SdvmvQif . . ./ rrESifharmifav; Zmwfvrf;rsdK; zefw;D MunfhvQif

eo
us
jzpfEkdifp&m taMumif;&Sdonf/ aemuf ud, k u

fh dpö tqifajyawmh a&Smifae
ial
erc
vku d ½f Hkaygh/
mm
Co
148
'Dvdtk csdefrSmyif wkud fwkdufqdkifqdik f xkt
d rsdK;orD;BuD;onf rdef;ra&m*g
ESifh aq;½Hkwuf& avawmhonf/
pdefaMumifu xkt d cGifhaumif;udk vufvw G frcHbJ aq;½HkodkY aeYwkdif;
oGm;onf/ tm;ay;pum; ajymonf/ vkt d yfonfh aq;0g;rsm;&atmif
&Smay;onf/ Muifem,k,[efjyonf/
þokdYjzifh olwkdYESpfa,muf oHa,mZOf jidw, G fcJhMuavonf/
xkYt
d jyif t&ifu rodcJh&aom tcsufESpfcsufukv d nf; xyfrHo&d SdcJh&
\/ yxrtcsufu xkt d pfrBuD;onf olxifovkd tysdKBuD;r[kwf? rkqd;k r
jzpfonf/ uav;wpfa,muf &Sdonf/ 'kw, d tcsufu csrf;om <u,f0
onf/ NrdKUv,frSm wku d fcef;wpfcef;&Sdonf/ bPfrSm aiGtawmfrsm;rsm;
tyfxm;onf/ twGif;ypönf;awGvnf; rcefYrSef;Ekdifatmif &Sdao;onf/
pdefaMumifonf uefx½kdufvkyfief;&zkdY pdwu f l;udk pGefYvTwfvdu
k &f
onf/ tpfrBuD;onf b,favmuf vlcsif; &if;ESD;ygap? tvkyfukad wmh
pnf;urf;twkdif;om vkyfwwfaMumif; odvmaomaMumifhyifjzpf\/
uefx½kdufvyk fief;udk pGefYvTwfvkduf&aomfvnf; . . .
_______
!
SK
RI
N
W
rO
ou
ty
ea
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
149
tcef; ( 18 )
pdefaMumif vufxyfawmhrnf qko d jzifh tm;vH;k tHhMoMu&onf/

uRefawmfwkdYtjrifrSm 'Daumif 'Dwpfouf rdef;r&awmhrnf[k rxifcJh/
oluvnf; . . .
]rdef;rwpfa,muf ,lr,ft h pm; ykHESdyfpuf topfwpfvk;H xyf0,fvkduf
rSmayghu?G yHkESdyfpufu em;ylem;qmvnf; rvkyfb;l ? pdefem;uyf yefcsifw,f
vnf; rajymbl;? 0ifaiGawmif &ao;w,f}
[k ajymcJhzl;\/ ydkNyD; tHhMozkdYaumif;wmu olESifhvufxyfrnfo h lrSm
toufBuD;BuD; t½kyfqd;k qkd; rkqd;k rwpfa,muf jzpfaejcif;yif/
!
SK
oltY aru vH;k 0oabmrwl/ aoG;awGwufNyD; rl;arhomG ;ojzihf RI
tawmfu, k l&onf/ olYtazuawmh cyfat;at;yif . . .
N
W
]wpfaeY 'Daumif rdef;r,lzkdY pdwu f l;wJt

h cg wpfckvyfjzpfjzpf
rO
rkqd;k rjzpfjzpf wpfa,mufa,mufudkyJ &rSmyJvdYk igtapmBuD;uwnf;u

ou
ty
wGufxm;NyD;om;yg} [k ajym\/
ea
uRefawmfwkdY oli,fcsif;awGxJrSmvnf; 0d0g'uGJMuonf/ wcsdKUu

ll b
wi
[krd def;rBuD;u csrf;omvkdY oku d fwl;wmyg[k qko d nf/ wcsKdUusawmh

ok
pdefaMumifonf rdef;rESifh ywfoufí tawGUtBuHK vH;k 0r&Sdojzifh 'gBuD;

bo
his
udyk if t½l;trl; jzpfomG ;wm[k xifonf/

ft
pdefaMumifu olYr*Fvm{nfhcHyGJokdY oli,fcsif;awGudk zdwo f nf/

eo
us
oltY ay: tcJrauswmawG &Sdaeojzihf olYr*FvmyGJudk roGm;bJ

ial
erc
oydwaf rSmufrnf[k ajymMuonf/

mm
Co
150
uRefawmfu azsmif;zs&\/ olu wu,fvmapcsifvYkd owdw&
zdww f myJ? trsm;BuD;vnf; rzdwb f l;? t&if;ESD;qHk; vlawGyJ zdww f ,fvdkY
ajymoGm;w,f [k qkrd S oGm;zkdY oabmwlMu\/ vufzGJUtwGufusawmh
uRefawmfvnf; olwkdUESifh wpfoabmwnf;&Sdonf/ 'Daumif uRefawmfwkdY
udk 'kua© y;aygif;rsm;NyD/ 'Dwpfcg ynmay;&rnf[k ,lqMuNyD; vufzGJUbl;
xJwGif pdyfykw;D ? qHyifq;kd aq;? a,m*Dwbuf ponfwdYk xnfhay;Muonf/
olrY *Fvm{nfcHyGJu tusOf;csKH;í jyKvkyfonf/ pm;aomufqikd fwpfckrSm
&if;ESD;ol vlok;H q,fausmfavmufudk auR;arG;jcif;jzpf\/ {nfhcHyGJudk
olt Y aru rvm/ olYtazuawmh rsufESm vmjyoGm;onf/
nbufusawmh uRefawmfwkdY oli,fcsif;tkyfpkukd a&TuEd ´&D pm;aomuf
qkid fwpfckrSm t&ufwkdufonf/ pm;aomufMu&if; olYudk trsdK;rsdK; a0zef
wku d fckdufMu\/ wpfcsKdUu . . .
]rif;[m bcsvmEkdufwm r[kwfb;l ? bmvacsmifEdkufyJ}
[k qko d nf/ wcsKdUu ,kwf,kwfrmrmawG ajymMuonf/
]rif;[m jrpBuFm&JU 0w¬KawGxJu oku d fq&mawGxufawmif tpGrf;
xufao;w,f} [k ajAmifaqmfonf/
olonf tHhMop&maumif;avmufatmif onf;cHae\/ 'gwifru
oluawmif jyefNyD; 0efcsawmif;yefaeao;onf/
!
SK
]ighudk rif;wkdY t&ifu a0zefcJhwmawG rSefw,fumG ? tpuawmh RI
rif;wkdYeJY raygif;bJvJ aeEkdifw,fvdYk xifcJhw,f? 'gayr,fh r[kwfb;l uG?
N
W
pD;yGm;a&;avmuxJrSm aygif;oif;ae&wJh vlawG[m wpfa,mufrS pdwrf cs

rO
&bl;? tcGifhta&;&&if vpf&if vS;D r,fh ckwfr,fh vlawGcsnf;yJ? 'gaMumifh

ou
ty
tNrJowdxm;ae&w,f? Mumawmh ,H, k HkMunfMunfeJY yGifhyGifhvif;vif;

ea
ajymqkdqufqHvkdY&wJh rif;wkdYudk odyfowd&vmw,f? ig rif;wkdYeJY uif;uGm

ll b
wi
NyD; aevkdYr&bl;qkdwm odvmygNyDumG }

ok
qufvufí uRefawmfwkdY tHhMo&aom udpöwpfckukd ajymjyefonf/

bo
his
]igtck tBuHtzef pD;yGm;a&;avmuudk ausmckdif;vkdufNyD? 'gawG

ft
qufvyk fae&if wpfaeYaeY tEÅ&m,feJYawGUNyD; 'kua© &mufr,fvkdY ightpfrBuD;

eo
us
uvJ ajymw,fuG? 'gaMumifh igtck atmhzfqufyHkESdyfpuf tBuD;wpfvk;H ?

ial
erc
mm
Co
151
tao;wpfvk;H 0,fNyD; twnfwus vkyfawmhr,f? a&SUavQmufNyD; rif;wkdY
jzpfapcsifwJh yHkpHtwkdif; igaeoGm;rSmyguGm} [k ajymonf/
0kdif;odrf;Muawmh vlpkcGJNyD; jyefMu&m aemufqk;H pdefaMumifESifh
uRefawmf ESpfa,mufyJ usefonf/
olu . . .
]ightdrf vkdufcJhOD;uGm? NyD;awmh rif;udk um;eJY jyefykdYay;yghr,f}
[k qko d jzifh vkduof Gm;onf/
wpfvrf;vHk; pum;rajymjzpfMu/ olwkdYaeonfh wku d fcef;&Sd&m vrf;xJ
0ifvmaomtcg uRefawmf raeEkdifawmhojzifh wpfckar;vkdu\ f /
]rif; 'DtpfrBuD;udk bmaMumifh,lwmvJ}
olu NyHK;onf/
]ol[m t½kyfqd;k ayr,fh oabmxm;jynfh0w,f? qGaJ qmifrI&Sdw,f?
ightaeeJY olu Y dk wu,fcspfwmvkYdajym&if b,forl S ,Hrk Sm r[kwfb;l ?
olyY pön;f awGukd rufarmwmukd umuG,fcsifvYkd 'DvdkajymwmyJvdYk xifMurSm
yJ? 'gaMumifh rajymwm taumif;qHk;jzpfr,f xifw,f}
wku d fcef;a&SUa&mufawmh olu wHcg;udk vIyfvdu k of nf/ tpfrBuD;
csufcsif;xGufvmNyD; wHcg;zGifhay;\/ uRefawmfhukd jrifNyD; . . .
]{nfhonfvJ ygwmudk;? 0ifyg}
!
SK
[k ysLiSmpGm c&D;OD;BudKjyK\/ pdefaMumifhudkvnf; . . . RI
]um;,lomG ;ygvkdY ajymwm? bmjzpfvdYk r,lwmvJ} ar;onf/
N
W
]eD;eD;av;yJ? 'Daumifhukd jyefykdYrS ,lomG ;awmhr,f}

rO
]oHyk&m&nf aomufrvm;? vef;qef;oGm;atmif}

ou
ty
][ifhtif; . . . bvufaumfzDeJY oHyk&moD;yJ vkyfyg}

ea
tpfrBuD;u aemufbuf0ifNyD; csufcsif; jyefxu G fvmonf/ a&arT;

ll b
wi
rsufESmokwfyk0g tdwu f av;awG vmay;jcif;jzpf\/ a&cJaowåmxJu

ok
xkwfvmjcif;jzpfí at;jraeonf/ tdwu f adk zmufNyD; rsufESmokwfvdu k f

bo
his
aomtcg vef;qef;oGm;\/
ft
uRefawmfonf {nfhcef;xJ rsufpdupm;Munfhvu kd f&m tcef;axmifhrSm

eo
us
axmifxm;aom pufb;D wpfpD;udk jrif&\/ 'DpufbD;udk uRefawmf

ial
erc
aumif;aumif; rSwfrdonf/
mm
Co
152
pdefaMumifi,fi,fu EGm;EkdYydkYcJhonfh pufbD;jzpf\/ 'DpufbD;udk
&atmif 'Daumif b,fvkd BuHpnfcJhaMumif;udkvnf; owd&vku d f \/
olu . . .
]'DpufbD;av;[m ighb0udk trsm;BuD; taxmuftul jyKcJhwJh
aus;Zl;&SifyJ? 'gaMumifh igtrSwfw&taeeJY igtjrwfwEkd; odrf;xm;wm}
'Daumif b0rarhygvm; [k auseyfpGm awG;vku d f\/ olu Y vdk nf;
csD;usL;onfhtaeESifh Munfhvkdufonf/
xkpd Of aemufbuftcef;rS rdef;uav;wpfa,muf xGufvm\/
aumfzDMurf;yef;uefrsm;udk pm;yGJay: vmwifay;onf/
pdefaMumifu . . .
]'g . . tpfrBuD;&JUorD;av}
[k rdwq f ufay;onf/ aumifrav;u NyHK;jy\/ uRefawmf tHhtm;
oifhoGm;&onf/ tpfrBuD;rSm orD;av;wpfa,muf &SdaMumif;udkawmh
odc\ Jh / 'Davmuf t½G,f &Sdaevdrfhrnf[lí rxifcJh/ aumifrav;onf
toufq,fhajcmufESpf? q,fhckepfESpfavmuf &Sdrnf/
ykdNyD; tHhMooGm;&wmu tpfrBuD;u ½kyfqkd;oavmuf olYorD;u
awmfawmf vSaejcif;yifjzpf\/ tysdKjzpfcgp qko d nfhwikd f ud, k fcE¨mu
tawmfzGHUxGm;aeNyD/ aemufwpfESpfESpfESpf qkdvQif . . .
!
SK
uRefawmf pdefaMumifhukd vSrf;Munfhvu kd fonf/ olu tod&cufaom RI
tNyHK;ESifh uRefawmfhudk jyefMunfh&if; zswfceJ rsufpdwpfzuf rSdwfjyvku d f\/
N
W
]rat . . .}
rO
uRefawmf toHrxGufbJ yg;pyfvyI fí wpfcGef;qJvdu k rf d\/

ou
ty
ea
_______
ll b
wi
ok
bo
his
ft
eo
us
ial
erc
mm
Co
153
xkn
d u uRefawmf tdyfrufrufonf/ tdyfrufrSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpf
\/
e,l;a,mufNrdKU&Sd ukvor*¾XmecsKyfü urÇmBuD;ukd avvHwifonfh
tcrf;tem; jyKvkyfonf/ tar&duef? qkAd D,uf? NAdwed f? jyifopf? w½kwf
paom EkdifiHBuD;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;onf olYxufig tNydKiftqkdif
qJ,
G l&ef a&muf&SdaeMuonf/
cPtMumwGif pdefaMumifESihf twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfwdYk wpfa,mufvnf
yif; wpfa,mufzufvsuf cef;rxJ 0ifvmonfukd awGUMu&avawmhonf/
rif;vl
21-3-90
154
www.myanmarcupid.net
www.myanmarcupid.net
Commercial use of this book will be at your OWN RISK !
jrefrmhrSsm;ewfarmif

မင္းလူ - သူငယ္ခ်င္းတစ္ေယာက္အေၾကာင္း

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

မင္းလူ - သူငယ္ခ်င္းတစ္ေယာက္အေၾကာင္း

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ww

uRefawmfonf vlwpfa,muftaMumif;udk ajymjyygrnf/ ol tvkyf

ovm;? &efp&if jyefaqmf wwfovm; ponfjzifh . . . /

uRefawmfonf ausmif;a&mufcgpwGif taygif;toif; r&Sdao;bJ

cyfa,mifa,mif cyfaMumifaMumif jzpfae\/ wpf&ufwGif ausmif;wufzkdY

aemufrS ac:oHMum;ojzifh vSnMfh unfo h nf/ olu tem;okYd avQmuf

]rif; ausmif;ajy;zl;ovm;} [k ar;onf/ ol\ yxrqH;k rdwq f uf

pum;yifjzpf\/ uRefawmfu acgif;cgjyvkduf\/

]'DaeY ajy;Munfyh gvm;uG? aysmfp&maumif;w,f}

olUudk arG;cgeD; olUtar Akdufemaeaom tcsdefwGif olBuD;tdrfrS

t"dyÜm,f jzpfonf[k qkd\/

bmyJjzpfjzpf olonf emrnfESifhvl vku d fzufvSayonf/ olYyHkyef;rSm

tom;u rnf;rnf;/ t&yfu r&Snv f Saomfvnf; ydefaomaMumifh uvef

uvm;Ekdifonf/ ½kyfu odyfrqk;d vSaomfvnf; rsufESmrSm tNrJwef; 0ufNcH

xlvyspf &Sdaewwfojzifh Munfrh aumif;acs/

pdefaMumifonf tvGef A½kwfusoljzpf\/ twef;xJrSm pDceJ nHceJ

qkvd Qif olyJjzpf\/ ausmif;ol rdef;uav;wkdY\ atmhaMumvefpm&if;xJrSm

xdyfqk;H uyg\/ rdef;uav;awG vQdKUvQdKU0Suf0Suf vkyfwwfaom udpöawGudk

tyifyef;cH pHkprf;NyD; owif;vkdufjzefYwwfaomaMumifh olYqv kd Qif ½GHaMumuf

aumifrav; qwfceJ acgif;axmifvmNyD/ pdefaMumifonf tm;vHk;udk

ydkrkdpdwf0ifpm;vmatmif cPrQ &yfxm;vku d fNyD;rS . . .

]pmjyef&if vdyfpmuawmh [J [J? vdyfpmuawmh . . .}

xktd csdefwiG f pma&;onfh aumifrav; pdwfrxdef;EkdifawmhbJ xD;udk

][if . . . awmfawmf ,kwfrmwJhaumif? aoayawmh} qkNd yD; pdefaMumifh

qD ajy;oGm;onf/ pdefaMumifu cHkwef;wpfck aemufbuf ckef0ifvdu k Nf yD; . .

][ . . . b,fvdjk zpfwmvJ? ig eifhudk bmvkyfvdYv k J? eifeJY bmqkdif

ausmif;qif0ifatmufu wkdifuyfem&DBuD;udk tvpfrSm oGm;vSnfhxm;

ojzifh ausmif;pma&;u rodbJ em&D0ufavmufapmNyD; ausmif;qif;

acgif;avmif; xk;d rdjcif;? rkefUpm;qif;cgeD; tomxGufí aMumfjimoifykef;

rSm ,aeY ausmif; aeYwpf0ufydwo f nf[k a&;xm;ojzifh twef;xJ

vG,ftdwfjyef,Nl yD; tdrfjyefukefMuojzifh ausmif;tkyfBuD; Asmrsm;oGm;&jcif;

rsdK;udkrS olu vkyfcsifonf/

ausmif;wufcsdefqdv k Qif ausmif;0if;wHcg; tm;vH;k ydwfxm;onf/

'DMum;xJu xGufaygufudk olyJ &SmvkdYawGUcJo h nf/

a,mufsm;av;tdrfom aemufbufrSm umxm;aom oGyfjym;wpfcsyfu

ao;pm;NyD; aygufNyJaeonf/ vlwpfuk, d fpm aumif;aumif; 0ifEkdifonf/

xkad eUu atmifqef;tm;upm;uGif;rSm rma';um;yGJoGm;rnfh jrefrm

vufa½G;pifESifh nGefYaygif;toif;wkdY ajcprf;abmvH;k yGJ &Sdonf/

uRefawmfonf abmvH;k qkdvQif oJBuD;rJBuD;yif jzpf\/ pmar;yGJeD;vkdY

ud, k fykdifpmMunfh&uftjzpf ausmif;ydwo f nfh tcsdefrSmyif abmvH;k uef

rysufcJh/ abmvH;k yGJaumif;aumif; qkdvQif rMunfh& raeEdkif/

xkad eYuyGJrSmvnf; yGJBuD;yGJaumif;jzpfrSm aocsmonf/ vufa½G;pif

a½G;&mwGif aemufqk;H tqifhxdygNyD;rS jyKwfusefcJhol abmvH;k orm;

oH;k av;OD;rSm nGefYaygif;toif;rSm ygaeonf/ olwkdYonf rcHcsifpdwjf zifh

a&ukefa&cef; upm;Muvdrfhrnf/ vufa½G;pifawGuvnf; ½HI;vQif odu©m

usrnfjzpfí taotvJ upm;Mu vdrfhrnf/

]at; . . . aumif;aumif; MunfhMu} [k cwfjywfjywf ajymonf/

q&mha&SUrS xGuv f mMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfu . . .

]rif; . . . awmfawmf twifh&JwhaJ umif? q&mu igwdkY ausmif;vpfNyD;

vmMunfw h mudk wdkYq&mrudk jyefwdik f&if b,fvkdvkyfrvJ}

]pdwcf saeprf;yguGm . . . rwkdifygbl;}

]'Davmuf ay:wifBuD; awGUwm rwkid fbJaervm;}

]a[haumif rif;aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;prff;? tck rif;eJYig twlwl

vmMuw,faemf? wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf q&mreJYwkdifvYkd jzpfrvm;}

t&ifuawmh olwkdUrdom;pkonf tkef;ESJqakd om ½Gmuav;rSm aeMu

xkYad Mumifh v,fESifh EGm;tcsdKUudk a&mif;NyD; NrdKUay: wufvmonf/

NrdKUpGef&yfuu G f&Sd aps;aygaom ajruGufuav;wpfck0,f? wJxkd;NyD;aeonf/

ygvmonfh EGm;rav; ESpfaumifukd t&if;jyKí EGm;EkdU a&mif;pm;onf/

pdefaMumifu om;tBuD;qHk; jzpf\/ olaY tmufrSm nDrwpfa,muf nD

wpfa,muf&Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh EGm;EkdYydkYonfh tvkyfwm0efukd olyJ,l&onf/

&efuek fudk olwkdY a&mufvmcgpwkef;u tvGef 'kua© &muf&onf/

&efuek f vlaerIp&dwu f ½GmrSmxuf tqrwef jrifhaeonf/ EGm;EkadY &mif;

onfh aps;uGufukv d nf; ruRrf;usifao;/ xktd aMumif;awGudk wpfcgwpfcg

pdwv f vkd uf& ajymjywwf\/