Distinguish between unique and highly repetitive sequences in nuclear

DNA
Unique single copy sequence Highly repetitive sequence

Occur once in genome Occur many times

Long base sequences Short sequences

Genes Not Genes

Translated Not translated

Small differences between individuals Can vary greatly

Exons Introns

Smaller proportion of genome Higher proportion of genome

Outline transcription in prokaryotes

- Transcription is the copying of a strand of DNA into RNA
- RNA polymerase binds to promoter region of DNA
- Anti-sense strand as template
- RNA polymerase unwinds DNA
- RNA nucleotides pair with complementary bases on DNA
- Adenine to Uracil, Guanine with Cytosine
- Strand grows 5’ to 3’
- RNA nucleotides joined with covalent bonds
- ENA polymerase separates from DNA when reaches terminator
- No introns, no post-transcriptional modification