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    GeoscienceMeeting2009 BW

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    The document summarizes a study that used GIS and the RUSLE model to assess erosion risk and evaluate soil conservation scenarios in Tajikistan. Key findings include: (1) RUSLE modeling integrated with local knowledge helped identify high risk areas and appropriate conservation practices; (2) soil loss could be reduced by 53-71% through terracing, drainage, and intercropping; and (3) effective conservation requires addressing social and economic barriers farmers face, like lack of resources, knowledge, and land tenure security.

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    GeoscienceMeeting2009 BW

    Uploaded by

    Vera Ferreira
    12 views28 pages
    The document summarizes a study that used GIS and the RUSLE model to assess erosion risk and evaluate soil conservation scenarios in Tajikistan. Key findings include: (1) RUSLE modeling integrated with local knowledge helped identify high risk areas and appropriate conservation practices; (2) soil loss could be reduced by 53-71% through terracing, drainage, and intercropping; and (3) effective conservation requires addressing social and economic barriers farmers face, like lack of resources, knowledge, and land tenure security.

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    The document summarizes a study that used GIS and the RUSLE model to assess erosion risk and evaluate soil conservation scenarios in Tajikistan. Key findings include: (1) RUSLE modeling integrated with local knowledge helped identify high risk areas and appropriate conservation practices; (2) soil loss could be reduced by 53-71% through terracing, drainage, and intercropping; and (3) effective conservation requires addressing social and economic barriers farmers face, like lack of resources, knowledge, and land tenure security.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    12 views28 pages

    GeoscienceMeeting2009 BW

    Uploaded by

    Vera Ferreira
    The document summarizes a study that used GIS and the RUSLE model to assess erosion risk and evaluate soil conservation scenarios in Tajikistan. Key findings include: (1) RUSLE modeling integrated with local knowledge helped identify high risk areas and appropriate conservation practices; (2) soil loss could be reduced by 53-71% through terracing, drainage, and intercropping; and (3) effective conservation requires addressing social and economic barriers farmers face, like lack of resources, knowledge, and land tenure security.

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    of 28

    GIS-based Decision Support for Soil

    Conservation Planning in Tajikistan


    Wolfgramm Bettina, Bühlmann Erik, Liniger Hanspeter & Hurni Hans

    7th Swiss Geoscience Meeting, Neuchâtel 2009


    Session 9: Water and land resources in developing countries: towards
    innovative management and governance
    Contents

    • Introduction
    • Objectives
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Conclusions

    Lessons learned based on a MSc study


    by Erik Bühlmann
    Mai 2004
    June 2005
    June 2005
    Objectives

    • To conduct a local level spatial


    assessment of erosion risk applying
    the Revised Universal Soil Loss
    Equation (RUSLE) in a GIS for the
    loess areas in Tajikistan
    • To integrate local knowledge on
    conservation practices into erosion
    risk modeling using RUSLE
    • To provide decision-making support
    for planning of conservation
    practices using scenario modeling
    Approaches and methods

    Approach Method
    •Documentation of •WOCAT technology
    conservation tech- questionnaire
    nologies at the plot level
    •Comparative case •Field observations
    studies and measurements
    •Land use mapping •Based on high
    •Erosion risk modeling resolution imagery
    •Soil conservation •RUSLE integrated in a
    scenario modeling GIS applied to TJ
    Workflow
    Knowledge on What technology where?
    Technologies Calibration data Cost – impact - efficiency
    Sampling design
    SWC plots
    Case study areas
    Universal Soil Loss equation
    (R)USLE
    A = R x K x (LS) x C x P

    ¾ A = Predicted Average Annual Soil Loss


    (t/ha*year)
    ¾ R = Rainfall and Runoff Factor
    ¾ K = Soil Erodibility Factor
    ¾ L = Slope Length Factor
    ¾ S = Slope Steepness Factor
    ¾ C = Cover and Management Factor
    ¾ P = Support Practice Factor
    Soil Loss
    Approximation of RUSLE factors
    Land use mapping

    chickpea

    fallow
    flax

    safflower
    wheat

    Land Use Map


    Quickbird satellite imagery, 22 June 2005
    Results
    Variability of vegetation cover
    Erosion risk map
    Soil conservation scenario
    modeling
    Cropland: SWC under each scenario
    Erosion reduction on cropland:

    -53% -61% -71%


    Average SWC Costs on Cropland
    Scenario Scenario Scenario
    30 20 10
    Av. establishments costs 125 342 546
    for SWC on cropland USD/ha USD/ha USD/ha

    Av. recurrent costs for 58 135 197


    SWC on cropland USD/ha* USD/ha* USD/ha*
    year year year
    Soil conservation scenario:
    soil loss < 20 t/ha
    SWC Propositions
    Conclusions

    • Integrate field methods applied at


    different sampling levels into USLE
    modelling: rapid & straightforward!
    • Relative comparison using USLE is helpful
    for practical planning, but allows no
    quantification of expected impact
    • Agronomic measures alone can not
    prevent soil erosion on all fields, but
    prevents further degradation efficiently
    Issues to follow up

    • Use of data in RUSLE with different


    scales of resolution and accuracy
    • Quantifying: Improved
    calibration/validation of specific
    RUSLE factors and of total soil loss
    • Simplifying: based on slope and
    vegetation cover for comparative
    assessments
    • Full economic analysis including
    benefits from increased SOC content
    and agricultural productivity
    Research questions / Challenges

    • What is a sampling design that


    allows gathering of complementary
    datasets?
    • RUSLE modelling without formal
    calibration must be taken into
    consideration: multiplication of six
    factors as done with the RUSLE easily
    leads to large errors whenever a
    single input is mis-specified
    Results scenario modelling

    D=Drainage ditches, T=Terracing,


    I=Intercropped orchard systems
    Unsuitable land management
    is due to…
    …lack of resources: missing financial means for
    seeds, fertilizer / herbicides, spare parts and
    fuel (voiced by farmers)

    …inadequate agricultural
    knowledge of “new” farmers
    (voiced by local authorities /
    researchers)
    …insecure land tenure, caused
    by inefficient and delayed
    implementation of the land
    reform (voiced by international
    organisations and NGOs)
    (3) Land cover
    (4) 1970

    (1) Permanent
    cropland
    (2) Permanent tree
    (3) and shrub cover
    (2) (3) Temporary
    cropland
    (4) Grazing land

    (2)

    Corona satellite imagery


    Recorded on 30 May 1970
    (1)
    Black and white image,
    black indicating dense
    vegetation cover
    (3) Land cover
    (4) 2005

    (1) Permanent
    cropland
    (2) Permanent tree
    (3) and shrub cover
    (2) (3) Temporary
    cropland
    (4) Grazing land

    (2)

    Quickbird satellite
    imagery
    Recorded on 22 June 2005

    (1) False color image


    (bands 4, 3, 2):
    Red indicating dense
    vegetation cover
    Temporal dynamics 1970-2005

    • Cropland in the valley floor is much the


    same, in some areas large fields have been
    subdivided into many small plots;
    • Cropland in the hill zone is located in
    almost exactly the same places in 1970
    and in 2004/2005;
    • The assessment for the grazing lands
    situated mainly in the Northern parts of
    the test areas showed that the patchy
    vegetation cover observed in 2005 must
    have been by and large the same in 1970;
    • The settlement areas have become much
    larger, indicating a rapidly increasing
    population.

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