“Design and Implementation of Smart LED Street Light”
Authors Name/s per 1st Affiliation (Author)
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Abstract- This paper proposes energy efficient of smart street
lighting system using low cost microcontroller based Arduino.
The main objective is to design energy efficient smart
streetlight for energy conservation in existing streetlights. The
system consists of LED luminaire, LED driver, PV panel,
charge controller light sensor, motion sensor, Arduino. The
smart streetlight is controlled on the basis of traffic on road
and day/night time. The system is programmed to
automatically turn off during the hours of daylight and only
operate during the night and heavy raining or bad weather.
Many times we see that street lights are remain switched ON
even during day time, this is total of wastes of electricity while
India is facing lack of electricity. Another problem is the
traditional street lamps e.g. Sodium vapour, Metal halide,
Incandescent, Fluorescent lamps consumes more power as
compared to new advanced Led Lights. Streetlights can be
glowed free of cost by using automatic controlled, self-
powered, efficient solar led street light.
Keywords—Smart LED street light; Solar; Energy efficient;
Street Lighting.
I. INTRODUCTION
In entire world there are more than 300 million of street lights,
which emits 100 million tons of carbon dioxide per year.
40% of energy is wasted which costs around 20 billion dollars.
Therefore for economical operation of street lights and
reduction of carbon footprints, High efficient LED luminaire
with smart control of illumination level is the demand and
need of time. About India, India consumes 18% of electricity
for street lighting and residential lighting in which street
lighting takes major part, while India is facing shortage of
electricity. In December 2014, Government of India proposed
and started to use LED luminaire in streetlights. If all existing
streetlight replaced with LED lights then India will be
benefited by 5,500 crore of rupees every year and reduction in
CO2 emission. This is beneficial by many aspects like
economic, environmental, lighting performance, reduction in
road accidents, thief and crime. According to statistical data,
for residential lighting, every year in India 77 crore of
incandescent, fluorescent bulb and 40 crore of CFL bulb are
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Authors Name/s per 2nd Affiliation (Author)
line 1 (of Affiliation): dept. name of organization
line 2-name of organization, acronyms acceptable
line 3-City, Country
line 4-e-mail address if desired
Purchased, which consumes around 60 to 100 Watts and 30 to
40 Watts of power respectively, which lasts for one to
maximum four years only. Therefore use of efficient, long
lasting 10 to 15 year LED lights would be wise decision. LED
is considered a promising solution to modern street lighting
system due to it is behavior and advantages as emphasized in
[2]-[4]. A part from that, the advantages of LED are likely to
replace the traditional street lamps such as the incandescent
lamp, fluorescent lamp and High Pressure Sodium Lamp in
future but LED technology is an extremely difficult process
that requires a combination of advanced production lines, top
quality materials and high-precision manufacturing process.
Therefore, this paper highlights the energy efficient of street
lighting design using LED lamps through intelligent sensor
interface for controlling intensity of light.
Still today almost street lights are switched manually. Many
times streetlights are not switched on/off on proper time,
sometimes lights are remain on during daytime if lamplighter
forgot or didn’t reach to turn off streetlight. Therefore time
based streetlights are also used to turn on and off on preset
time, but still this method has disadvantage due to seasonal
difference of time of sunset and sunrise.
The above problems of switching can be avoided using light
sensor based streetlights in addition with to turn on in heavy
rain and cloudy environment. In addition of this use of motion
sensor allows controlling light intensity which ensures energy
and saving of money.
The proposed smart solar led streetlight can be operated free
of cost with sufficient solar charging. The system can be made
more reliable by using auto changeover technique; in which
streetlight is automatically switched to utility supply if there is
insufficient charge in battery or critical discharge of battery
takes place.
The battery starts charging in daytime via PV solar panel.
With the help of light sensor (LDR), in dusk, streetlight
automatically turns on with 30% of intensity and battery starts
discharging. If there is any movement of vehicle or person
then intensity of light will increase from 30% to 100% for
preset time and intensity will gradually reduce to 30%. In-
between this if any movement is detected then again intensity
will increase to maximum. This ensures optimum lighting as
well as energy saving. With this automation technique,
capacity (Ah) of battery required is much less a compared to
conventional solar led streetlight. The Arduino microcontroller
receives command signal from LDR light sensor, motion
sensor and charge controller and controls streetlight according
to program loaded into it.

II. METHODOLOGY OF SMART SOLAR LED STREET
LIGHTING
SYSTEM
Three parts have been included under this topic for
completed this study. Design archictecture is the main block
function for the proposed design. While, the hardware
specification will detail out the components involved in this
design from the sensor components until the controller
selection. Software development based on the proposed
design will be detail out in software part where the flow of
THE SYSTEM OPERATION WILL BE DETAILED OUT ELABOARATED.
ARCHITECTURE
A. Arduino:
Arduino is open source hardware platform which uses
ATmega microcontroller series, it easy to program, having
analog/digital I/O’s, with PWM pins. Operating voltage range
is 5V to 12V. Arduino receives command from LDR and PIR
sensor, takes necessary action to on/off and control intensity of
light.
B. Solar panel
As the name implies, these are cells that are grown from a
single crystal. The Monocrystalline solar PV panel is more
efficient than polycrystalline panel. Efficiency is about 18%.
High Efficient Monocrystalline solar panel generates
electricity during day time and it is stored in battery.
C. Battery
It is a type of rechargeable battery, which uses lithium ion
Phosphate as a cathode material. Li ion Ph batteries have
somewhat high energy density, light weight offer longer
lifetime. Inherently safer hence lithium ion Phosphate is
popular among all storage batteries.
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D. Sensors:
1. LDR(Light Dependent Resistor):
Light Dependent Resistor as the name suggests the
resistance is dependent upon the light incident on it.
The light dependent resistor resistance changes with
intensity of light, with increase in light intensity the
resistance offered by the sensor decreases
LDR Light sensor to detect day/night time,
automatically provides command to control circuit to
on/off the LED light.
2. PIR(Passive Infrared Sensor) Motion Sensor:
The motion sensor detects movement of person/
vehicle and sends command to control circuit, control
intensity level. On detection of movement intensity
increases to 100%, otherwise remain at 30% of its
full intensity.
E. LED(Light Emmiting Diode):
As LED lamps produces light within visible range, it has
high efficiency than incandescent, sodium vapour and
other lamps.Therefore LED lamps worldwidely accepted
for many lighgting applications along with for
Streetlighting purpose. LED lamps having highest lifespan
from 50,000Hrs to 1,00,000 Hrs. Lumen/Watt of 100 to
120.
F. Charge Controller:
Charge controller is the interface between Solar
Array and battery bank. It protects the battery from
overcharging and moderate charging at finishing end of charge
of battery bank. Therefore it enhances the life of the battery
bank. It also indicates the charging status of batteries like
battery undercharged, overcharged or deep discharged through
LEDs indications. Some switches and MCBs are also provided
for manual or accidental cut-off of charging. In some charge
controllers load terminals are also provided through a low
battery charge cut-off device so that it can protect the battery
bank from deep discharge.
G. MOSFET(Metal oxide semiconductor field effect
transistor):
It is voltage controlled device, here used for PWM purpose
to control light intensity of streetlight.
H. LED driver:
It is basically coverts the input AC supply into DC supply with
appropriate voltage to LED array.
III. WORKING
 During day time solar panel produces electricity
and it stored in the battery.
  In dusk to dawn time light sensor gives command
to arduino controller.
 As per program it executes command and turns
LED ON to 30% of max intensity when there is
no motion below streetlight.
 If any person or vehicle passes nearby streetlight,
motion sensor activates and gives command to
arduino to increase brightness to 100%.
 After preset time and if there is no movement
detected, intensity reduces gradually to 30%.
 At the time of morning LDR will send command
to arduino and hence street light will turn OFF.
 Normally streetlight will operate from electricity
stored in the battery.
 If battery is not charged sufficiently due to cloudy
weather condition then streetlight will
automatically switch to utility supply.
A. Sample Calculations:
Power consumption per month:
1. SV lamp:
(150W)*(12Hrs) *(30days) =54 kWhr =54Unit
2. Ordinary LED lamp :
(30W)*(12Hrs) *(30days) =10.8 kWhr =10.8Unit
3. LED lamp with automatic intensity control:
((30W*6Hrs) + (10W*6Hrs)) *(30days) = 7.2kWhr
=7.2 Unit
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[2] Long, X.; Liao, R.; Zhou, J.; , "Development of street
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