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Activated Sludge
Activated Sludge
Activated Sludge
■ Kriteria Perencanaan
- Digunakan surface aerator
- Sludge detention time/ umur lumpur (θc) = 5 – 15 hari
- Ratio F/M = 0,2 – 0,6 hari
- Volumetrik loading = 0,3 – 1,6 kg/m3.hari
- MLSS = 1500 – 4000 mg/lt
- Aerator periode (θ = td) = 4 – 8 jam
- Resirculation ratio (Qr/Q) = 0,25 – 0,75
- Ratio MLSS dan MLVSS = 0,75 – 0,85
- Kedalaman bak aerasi (H) =3–5m
- Freeboard bak = 0,3 – 0,6 m
(Sumber :Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering Treatment Disposal Reuse, Third edition,1991,page
681-747)
- Nilai koefisien
k (rata2 penggunaan substrat) = 2 – 8 /hari
Y (koef. batas pertumbuhan) = 0,3 – 0,7 mg Vss/mg BOD5
ks (konsentrasi substrat) = 40 – 120 mg/lt BOD5
kd (koef. endogenous) = 0,03 – 0,07 hari
(Sumber : Qasim, page.308)
■ Direncanakan
- Menggunakan 15 bak Activated sludge
- Q tiap bak = 0,023 m3/dtk ≈ 2000 m3/hari
- Umur lumpur (θc) = 5 hari
- Ratio MLVSS/MLSS = 0,85
- MLSS (X) = 3000 mg/lt, maka MLVSS = 0,85 . 3000 mg/lt
= 2550 mg/lt ≈ 2550 gr/m3
- Konsentarasi return sludge (Xr) = 12500 MLSS
- BOD5 influent = (100% - 35%) x 1700 mg/lt
= 1105 mg/lt
- TSS influent = (100% - 65%) x 3300 mg/lt
= 1155 mg/lt
- COD = 2800 mg/lt
- Safety Factor =2
- Nilai typical pada suhu (T = 20˚C) → standart
k = 4/hari
Y = 0,45 mg Vss/mg BOD5
ks = 90 mg/lt BOD5
kd = 0,04 hari
- Effluent standart menurut baku mutu :
BOD eff = 100 mg/lt
TSS eff = 100 mg/lt
NH3 eff = 10 mg/lt
■ Perhitungan
Qr,Sr,Xr
Resirkulasi Lumpur (R)
4. Perhitungan Xr
Direncanakan volume lumpur yang mengendap selama 30 menit dalam 1liter = 240
mg/lt. Maka :
Vol . 1000
SVI =
MLSS
240 mg/lt .1000
=
3000 mg/lt
= 80
10 6
Xr =
SVI
106
= = 12500
80
5. Debit recycle (Qr)
Ratio recycle (resirkulasi)
X (Q + Qr) = Qr . Xr
2550 (Q + Qr) = Qr . 12500
2550Q + 2550Qr = 12500 Qr
2550 Q = 9950 Qr
Q/Qr = 0,256 ≈ 0,26 …ok!
(Syarat Q/Qr = 0,25 – 0,75)
Maka, debit recycle (Qr)
Qr = 0,26 . Qo
= 0,26 . 0,23 m3/dtk
= 0,06 m3/dtk
6. Debit masuk (Qin)
Qin = Qo + Qr
= 0,23 m3/det + 0,06 m3/det
= 2000 m3/hari + 5184 m3/hari
= 7184 m3/hari
Si =
So . Qo Se . Qr
Qo Qr
=
1105 mg/lt . 2000 m /hr 13,096 mg/lt . 5184 m /hr
3 3
1 1
= 0,04/hari
5 hari 0,45 mgVSS/mg BOD 5
= 0,53/hari
waktu detensi (θ = td)
Si Se
θ =
U.X
𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟎,𝟒𝟖 𝒎𝟑
B =√
𝟔
= 16 m
Panjang (L) = 2 . 16 m
= 32 m
18. Headloss bak aerasi
Qin
V =
B.H
𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝒅𝒕𝒌
=
𝟏𝟔×𝟑
= 1,729 .10-3 m/dtk
B.H
R =
B 2. H
𝟏𝟔 .𝟑
=
𝟏𝟔+(𝟐.𝟑)
= 2,6 m
2
V . n
S = 2
R3
𝐦
𝟏,𝟕𝟐𝟗 .𝟏𝟎−𝟑 .𝟎,𝟎𝟏𝟓
=( 𝐝𝐭𝐤
𝟐 )^𝟐
𝟐,𝟔𝟑
= 1.88 .10-10 m/m
Hf = S . L
= 1,88 .10-10 m’/m . 32 m
= 6 . 10-9 m