EHVAC transmission line requires minimum two parallel three phase transmission ‘Gircuits to ensure reliability and. stability during 2 fault on any one phase of the three hase lines. Similarly EHV line also requires one or more intermediate substations for. installing, seties capacitors, shunt reactors, switching. and protection equipment, Generally an intermediate substation is required at an interval of 250 to 300 km. 4.123 Advantages of EHV Transmission System Electrical energy is generated at a voltage about 11 KV using altemators. This voleage is then stepped upto 132, 220 oF 400 KV for transmission purpose, For transmission of electric. power high voltage is preferred because of following advantages, 1 Reduction in the current Power transmitted is given by P LIV. where v I ‘Transmission voltage Load current cos = Load power factor Heeice load current is given by 1-—? V3V.c0s¢ From the above expression it can be seen that for the constant power and power factor, the load current is inversely proportional to the transmis~‘on voltage, Key Point: With increase in transmission wollage, lond cierrent gets reduced. As current ‘gets reduced, site of conductor required also reduces for transmitting same amount of power. 2) Reduction in the losses Power loss ina line is given by W= SPR we From the above expression it can be seen’ that power loss in a line is inversely proportional to square of transmission voltage. Koy Point: Greater the transmission woltage lesser is the loss the line.3) Reduction in volume: of conductor material required We have seen that PR Wwe ‘V7 cos? @ But R= -_P I we Woatg?t P2pt 8 Wve cost Volume of conductor material requited = 3 x Area of conductor x Length of line = Seat = 3h ig WV? cos? @ 2 ¥ _ _3Ppl WV? cos? > Key Point: It can be seen that’ with increase in the transmission voltage, volume of conductor material reduces, 4) Decrease in voltage drop and improvement of voltage regulation ‘The voltage drop in the transmission line is given by, Voltage drop = 31K With reduction in current due to increase in voltage, voltage drop in the line reduces. - Voltage drop Voltage regulation = oe 100 Key Point : As voltage drop decrenses, regulation of the line is improved. 5) Increase in transmission efficiency ‘Transmission efficiency is given by ‘ Output power ‘Transmission efficiency = “apatpower “10 = Tnput power ~Power loss power 100 100 ‘Transmission efficiency -(We have seen that with increase ih transmission line voltage power loss gets reduced. Key Point : Hence the transmission efficiency increases as losses in. the Time are reduced. 6) Increased power handling capacity Power transmitted over a transmission line is given by VeVi Pow SE sind Thus if we assume that Ve=Vg then power transmitted is proportional to square of voltage which increases power handling capacity-of the line: 7) The fttinber of citeuits and the land requirement reduces as transmission voltage increases. 8) The total line cost per MW per km decreases considerably with the increase inline voltage. 9) The operation with EHVAC voltage is) simple and can be adopted easily and naturally to the synchronously operating a.c. systems. 10) The equipments used in EHVAC system are simple and reliable without need of [igh technology 11) The lines can be easily tapped and extended with simple control oF power flow in the network. 1.12.4 Disadvantages of EHV Transmission System ‘The major problems that can be occurred with FHV transmission system areas follows 1) Corona loss and radio interference ‘The corona loss is greatly influenced by choice of transmission voltage. If weather conditions are not proper then this loss further increases. There is also interference inradio and TV which causes disturbance. 2) Line supports. In order to protect the transmission line during storms and cyclones-and to make it wind resistant, extra amount of metal is required in the tower which may increase the cost. 8) Erection difficulties ‘There-are lot of problems that arise during the erection of EHV lines: ! requires high standard of workmanship. The supporting structures are to be efficiently ‘transported. 4) Insulation needs With iicrease in transmission voltage, insulation required for line conductors also increases which increases its cost, 5) The cost of transformers, switchgear equipments and protective equipments increases With increase in transmission line voltage,