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Materials and Metods
Materials and Metods
This study was carried out in Portugal in the city of Viana do Castelo during
orthodontic consultations and by the same operator between 12/03/2017 and 30/06/2017.
The sample was 200 male patients with Class II 2 aged 12-16 years old in orthodontic
treatment with brackets requiring TIM class II. After this, patients were divided into these two
groups with randomly:
It was verified at the beginning of the study that all patients did not present pathology
without problems of TMJ and we applied intermaxillar elastics (Wallaby – Americam
Orthodontics ®) on the exposed group for 3 months.
After 3 months, clinical examinations on the exposed group were performed on each
patient with a clinical interview and physical examination to detect TMD. For that, we used
the criteria published by the International RCD / TMD Consortium Network and orofacial
pain but only three parameters have been evaluated (muscle pain, muscular pain and
decreased mouth opening).
Statistic Test
-Hypothesis:
H0 (null hypothesis): the frequencies of TMD are equal in the 2 groups (Treatment
(T) and control group (C)):
pT = pC
- pT and 𝒑𝑪 are assumed to be independent: the occurrence of TMD in one group does not
affect the likelihood of occurrence of TMD in the second group.
-Under the null hypothesis 𝑯𝟎, 𝜋̂ is a good estimate of the average rate of TMD patients.
-Under the null hypothesis 𝑯𝟎, Z is approximately distributed according to the law Normal N
(0,1).
Under the null hypothesis 𝑯𝟎, the validity condition of the test relative to the size of the
samples is verified:
Thus, the confidence interval obtained from the distribution table of the Normal distribution is
as follows:
𝐼𝑃0.95 = [−1.96 ; 1.96]
If 𝒁 ∈ 𝑰𝑷𝟎.𝟗𝟓, the hypothesis 𝑯𝟎 is rejected: at the risk of error of 5%, the frequencies of TMD
are significantly different between the patients wearing intermaxillary elastics and those not
wearing them.
𝑝𝐸 − 𝑝𝑇 0.27 − 0
𝑍 = = = 5.56
𝜋̂(1 − 𝜋̂) 𝜋̂(1 − 𝜋̂)
√ − √0.13(1 − 0.13) − 0.13(1 − 0.13)
𝑛𝐸 𝑛𝑇 92 100